Current and Potential Geophyte Weeds of Western Australia
Current and Potential Geophyte Weeds of Western Australia
Current and Potential Geophyte Weeds of Western Australia
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<strong>Current</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Potential</strong><br />
<strong>Geophyte</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Western</strong> <strong>Australia</strong><br />
Greg Keighery
Brachychiton populneus
BULBS<br />
<strong>Western</strong> <strong>Geophyte</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />
ALLIACEAE (ONIONS) - 6<br />
AMARYLLIDACEAE - 9<br />
COLCHICACEAE - 1<br />
HYACINTHACEAE - 9<br />
CORMS<br />
IRIDACEAE - 50<br />
TECOPHILACEAE ñ 1<br />
CORMS/TUBERS/BULBS/RHIZOMES<br />
OXALIDACEAE - 12<br />
TUBERS<br />
ALSTROEMERIACEAE - I<br />
TUBEROUS RHIZOMES<br />
ALISMATACEAE - 2<br />
ARACEAE - 4<br />
ASPARAGACEAE - 6<br />
ASPHODELEACEAE - 2<br />
IRIDACEAE ñ 2<br />
JUNCAGINACEAE - 1<br />
NYMPHACEAE - 2<br />
ORCHIDACEAE - 1<br />
PASSIFLORACEAE - 1<br />
PHYTOLACCACEAE - 1<br />
STERCULIACEAE - 1
<strong>Geophyte</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Western</strong><br />
<strong>Australia</strong><br />
ï 112 geophytic species from 18 familes<br />
ï Monocots <strong>and</strong> Dicots<br />
ï nearly half are cormous Iridaceae from<br />
southern Africa<br />
ï Largely introduced as ornamentals
Number <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geophyte</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />
in the<br />
WA Biogeographic Regions<br />
52
WHY?<br />
Temperate <strong>Geophyte</strong>s<br />
Southern Africa 8,550 species 1500 (17%)<br />
Mediterranean 25,000 species c. 700<br />
California 4400 species c. 200<br />
Central Chile 2400 species c. 200<br />
SW WA 5700 species 100/200 ( 4%)
Tropical <strong>Geophyte</strong>s<br />
ï Tropical Africa<br />
ï Gladiolus 82 species<br />
ï South America over 300 species<br />
ï Crinum 50<br />
ï Hippeastrum 76<br />
ï Hymenocallis 70<br />
ï Habranthus 55<br />
ï Nothoscordium 30<br />
ï Zephryanthes 60
Hippeastrum puniceum
ìWorstî <strong>Geophyte</strong> <strong>Weeds</strong><br />
ï Hyacinthaceae : Lachenalia<br />
ï Araceae: Zantedeschia (Arum Lily)<br />
Asparagaceae: Asparagus<br />
ï Iridaceae: Babiana, Freesia, Gladiolus,<br />
Moraea, Romulea, Sparaxis <strong>and</strong><br />
Watsonia<br />
ï Oxalidaceae: Oxalis
Most soils<br />
Freesia
Moraea flaccida<br />
Gladiolus<br />
caryophyllaceus<br />
S<strong>and</strong>y<br />
soils
S<strong>and</strong>y soils<br />
Lachenalia
S<strong>and</strong>y <strong>and</strong><br />
calcareous soils
Dampl<strong>and</strong>s/Alluvial soils<br />
ï Watsonia species<br />
ï Babiana angustifolia<br />
ï Sparaxis bulbifera<br />
ï Zantedeschia aethiopica<br />
ï Gladiolus undulatus
Gladiolus undulatus<br />
Dampl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Moraea lewisiae
Preventing Future<br />
<strong>Weeds</strong> Stop escape<br />
Track <strong>and</strong> remove
ï Limit spread<br />
Limit spread<br />
Remove outliers
Limit genetic<br />
variation
Conclusions<br />
ï <strong>Current</strong>ly largely confined to the wetter<br />
south west, but actively exp<strong>and</strong>ing their<br />
ranges<br />
ï Few recorded for the Kimberley or Desert<br />
regions BUT numerous species occur overseas<br />
in similar climates <strong>and</strong> several are locally<br />
naturalised on <strong>of</strong>fshore isl<strong>and</strong>s (Cocos<br />
Christmas <strong>and</strong> Koolan).
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