pathogenicity and aethiology of fusarium species ... - ePrints@USM

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Liseola digunakan untuk ujian keserasian vegetatif (VC) dengan menghasilkan mutan pereduksi nitrat (nit) sebagai sektor rintang klorat di atas media minimum (MMC) dan agar-agar kentang dektrosa (PDC) yang ditambah dengan 1.5 % , 2.0 % , 2.5 % , 3.0 % dan 3.5 % KClO 3 . Mutan nit yang dijana telah digunakan untuk mengetahui kumpulan keserasian vegetatif (VCG) di dalam setiap populasi. Sebanyak 51 strain F. sacchari, 18 strain F. subglutinans dan 15 strain F. proliferatum menunjukkan keserasian heterokarion sendiri (HSC) dan digunakan untuk ujian pasangan dengan nit mutan yang lain. Pertumbuhan heterokarion adalah lebih cepat dan lebat apabila NitM dipasangkan dengan nit1 berbanding nit1 dengan nit3. Sebanyak 13, 5 dan 8 VCG masing-masing dikenalpasti untuk F. sacchari, F. subglutinans dan F. proliferatum. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperolehi melalui ciri - ciri morfologi, ujian kepatogenan dan ujian keserasian, kesimpulannya penyakit pokkah boeng di Semenanjung Malaysia di sebabkan oleh F. sacchari. xiii
PATHOGENICITY AND AETHIOLOGY OF FUSARIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH POKKAH BOENG DISEASE ON SUGARCANE ABSTRACT Pokkah boeng disease on sugarcane has been recorded in almost all countries where sugarcane is grown commercially. In our survey throughout sugarcane plantations, small holders and household compounds within Peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perlis, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang and Johor) and East Java (Indonesia), the first visible symptoms of pokkah boeng were chlorosis and yellowing of young leaves and the final results were usually a malformed and distorted top. A total of 133 isolates of Fusarium species were isolated from samples collected during the survey. For identification of Fusarium species from pokkah boeng disease, carnation leaves agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were used which emphasized on colony features, growth rates, shapes and sizes of macroconidia and microconidia, conidiogeneous cells and chlamydospores. About 73% (98 isolates) of the isolates were identified as three Fusarium species in the Section Liseola (F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sacchari) and the other 27% belong to common species of F. semitectum, F. equiseti and F. solani. In plant house pathogenicity tests, two sugarcane cultivars i.e. susceptible (PS-81-362) and resistant (83-R-310) to pokkah boeng disease were inoculated by injection and soaking techniques with 2x10 6 conidia/ml of selected strains of F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. sacchari. All strains of F. sacchari tested were pathogenic to sugarcane plants with DSI varied from 0.33 to 5.00. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in disease severity index (DSI) caused by strains of F. sacchari on variety PS-81-362 for both inoculation techniques. The DSI varied where 0 for no visible symptoms and 5 for plant with symptoms of twisted, wrinkled and shortened leaves or death. A total of 98 strains of Fusarium species has been identified within the Section Liseola were used in vegetative compatibility (VC) studies by generating nit mutants as chlorate-resistant sectors on minimal chlorate (MMC) and potato dextrose chlorate (PDC) media that xiv
Page 1 and 2: PATHOGENICITY AND AETHIOLOGY OF FUS
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost
Page 5 and 6: 3.5 3.6 3.3.3 Preparation of steril
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER SEVEN : GENERAL DISCUSSION
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Yield per hecta
Page 11 and 12: 6.5 Compatible reaction on differen
Page 13: KEPATOGENAN DAN ETIOLOGI FUSARIUM S
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Humans are
Page 19 and 20: sugars. The basic source of sugar i
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.1: Yield per hectar (tonne
Page 23 and 24: 1955; Martin et al., 1961; Sharma,
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER TWO LITEREATURE REVIEW 2.1
Page 27 and 28: 1998; Leslie et al., 2005). Fusariu
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.1: Dispersal of spores by
Page 31 and 32: In Booth (1971) classification syst
Page 33 and 34: against of the disease. For that re
Page 35 and 36: 3.1 Fungal Sources CHAPTER THREE GE
Page 37 and 38: cool slightly and poured into dispo
Page 39 and 40: 3.6.1 Temporary Stock Cultures The

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