Superior - AB Freeman School of Business - Tulane University
Superior - AB Freeman School of Business - Tulane University
Superior - AB Freeman School of Business - Tulane University
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December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY<br />
SERVICES INC.<br />
SPN/NYSE<br />
Continuing Coverage: <strong>Superior</strong> Energy<br />
at a <strong>Superior</strong> Price<br />
Investment Rating: Market Outperform<br />
PRICE: $ 35.84 S&P 500: 1,507.34 DJIA: 13,619.89 RUSSELL 2000: 786.95<br />
Revenue diversification continues with expansion into onshore and<br />
international markets.<br />
Bundled services <strong>of</strong>fer drilling and production-related solutions from<br />
“soup to nuts.”<br />
Innovative derrick barges primed to deliver services to deepwater drill<br />
markets.<br />
Liquid balance sheet creates opportunities for acquisitions.<br />
Our 12-month target price is $44.30.<br />
Valuation 2006 A 2007 E 2008 E<br />
EPS $ 2.32 $ 3.52 $ 4.10<br />
P/E 15.4x 10.2x 8.7x<br />
CFPS $ 3.93 $ 6.29 $ 7.74<br />
P/CFPS 9.1x 5.7x 4.6x<br />
Market Capitalization Stock Data<br />
Equity Market Cap (MM): $ 2,885.05 52-Week Range: $28.20 - $41.92<br />
Enterprise Value (MM): $ 3,582.65 12-Month Stock Performance: 6.32%<br />
Shares Outstanding (MM): 80.50 Dividend Yield: Nil<br />
Estimated Float (MM): 80.30 Book Value Per Share: $ 11.77<br />
6-Mo. Avg. Daily Volume: 303,297 Beta: 0.93<br />
Company Quick View:<br />
Location: Harvey, Louisiana<br />
Industry: Oilfield Service and Equipment<br />
Description: <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services is a leading provider <strong>of</strong> specialized oilfield<br />
services and equipment related to drilling and production needs <strong>of</strong> oil and gas<br />
companies.<br />
Key Products & Services: Well intervention, rental tools, marine services, and oil and<br />
gas production<br />
Company Website: www.superiorenergy.com<br />
Analysts:<br />
Thad Brill Jr.<br />
Kristen Elmer<br />
Meredith Martin<br />
Wes Swackhamer<br />
Investment Research Manager:<br />
Kristen Pickens<br />
Wall Street's Farm Team<br />
The BURKENROAD REPORTS are produced solely as a part <strong>of</strong> an educational program <strong>of</strong> <strong>Tulane</strong> <strong>University</strong>'s<br />
A.B. <strong>Freeman</strong> <strong>School</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Business</strong>. The reports are not investment advice and you should not and may not rely<br />
on them in making any investment decision. You should consult an investment pr<strong>of</strong>essional and/or conduct your<br />
own primary research regarding any potential investment.<br />
BURKENROAD REPORTS
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
STOCK PRICE<br />
PERFORMANCE<br />
Figure 1:<br />
5-year Stock Price<br />
Performance<br />
INVESTMENT<br />
SUMMARY<br />
BEN GRAHAM<br />
ANALYSIS<br />
We give <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services a Market Outperform rating and<br />
forecast that <strong>Superior</strong>’s stock price will increase from $35.84 to $44.30 per<br />
share by the end <strong>of</strong> 2008. This price was developed using a weighted<br />
average <strong>of</strong> certain valuations: the price-to-earnings multiplier method,<br />
discounted cash flows, price-to-book value, price-to-cash flows, and<br />
enterprise value-to-EBITDA. <strong>Superior</strong> has aggressively expanded into both<br />
onshore and international markets to diversify revenue production outside<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. In fact, business activity outside <strong>of</strong> the Gulf <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico now accounts for more than half <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s revenues. Its<br />
primary business risk is related to the volatility <strong>of</strong> oil and gas prices.<br />
Volatility <strong>of</strong> prices affects demand for services by oil and gas companies.<br />
The current rise <strong>of</strong> oil prices has increased production-related spending by<br />
oil companies, which in turn benefits <strong>Superior</strong>. A highly liquid balance<br />
sheet allows <strong>Superior</strong> to continue exploring investment and acquisition<br />
opportunities as they occur. <strong>Superior</strong> has also begun to develop lasting<br />
relationships with international oil companies that seek to build drilling<br />
and production-related capabilities. The <strong>of</strong>fering <strong>of</strong> bundled services and<br />
cross-training <strong>of</strong> local workers give <strong>Superior</strong> a competitive advantage in<br />
working with foreign companies.<br />
Ben Graham is considered the father <strong>of</strong> equity analysis. Graham’s analysis<br />
identified stocks that were either undervalued or had fallen out <strong>of</strong> favor<br />
with investors. A number <strong>of</strong> variables are used to determine the strength <strong>of</strong><br />
a company relative to its current stock price. The analysis is one <strong>of</strong> many<br />
used in this report to gauge the current price level <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s equity.<br />
After calculating the eight hurdles, Ben Graham would identify <strong>Superior</strong> as<br />
an undervalued stock because <strong>Superior</strong> met more than half <strong>of</strong> the hurdles<br />
appreciate (Table 8 at the end <strong>of</strong> this report contains our complete Ben<br />
Graham analysis).<br />
2
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
PREVIOUS<br />
BURKENROAD<br />
RATINGS AND<br />
PRICES<br />
INVESTMENT<br />
THESIS<br />
Revenue<br />
diversification<br />
continues with<br />
expansion in<br />
onshore and<br />
international<br />
markets.<br />
Bundled services<br />
<strong>of</strong>fer drilling and<br />
production-related<br />
solutions from<br />
“soup to nuts.”<br />
Innovative derrick<br />
barges primed to<br />
deliver services to<br />
deepwater markets.<br />
Liquid balance<br />
sheet creates<br />
opportunities for<br />
acquisitions.<br />
Table 1: Burkenroad Ratings and Prices<br />
Date Rating Price<br />
12/01/06 Market Outperform $33.31<br />
04/11/05 Market Outperform $17.17<br />
03/26/04 Market Outperform $10.27<br />
02/14/03 Market Perform $7.95<br />
11/14/01 Buy $7.78<br />
05/31/01 Market Outperform $12.96<br />
With our 12-month target price <strong>of</strong> $44.30, we recommend a Market<br />
Outperform rating for <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services for the following reasons.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> continues to diversify revenue production from markets outside <strong>of</strong><br />
the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. Less than a decade ago, <strong>Superior</strong>’s international<br />
revenue totaled $5 million. In 2007, it is estimated international revenue<br />
will surpass $300 million. The purchase <strong>of</strong> Warrior Energy Services in<br />
December 2006 ensured the domestic land market would become another<br />
growing revenue source for <strong>Superior</strong>. The onshore market has accounted<br />
for approximately 30% <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s revenue thus far in 2007, versus just<br />
6% in 2005. <strong>Superior</strong> has continued to maintain its large market share <strong>of</strong><br />
oilfield service revenue in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico where it owns a number <strong>of</strong><br />
oil and gas properties.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> is capable <strong>of</strong> delivering integrated services to meet its customers’<br />
needs throughout the life <strong>of</strong> a project. The Company provides well<br />
intervention services, rental tools, and the liftboats necessary to deliver and<br />
execute these services. Few oilfield service companies <strong>of</strong>fer this broad<br />
range <strong>of</strong> drilling and production-related services. This strategy has given<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> a competitive advantage by hedging the risk associated with<br />
individual segments and by earning a reputation for continuity and<br />
reliability.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s first derrick barge, DB Performance, recently completed a<br />
successful service contract <strong>of</strong>f the coast <strong>of</strong> Malaysia. The barge proved its<br />
usefulness and pr<strong>of</strong>itability by bringing in average daily cash flows <strong>of</strong> over<br />
$30,000. In addition, the Malaysian company has ordered an additional<br />
barge for purchase that is currently under construction in China. A third<br />
barge is also being constructed for <strong>Superior</strong>’s use on deepwater projects in<br />
the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico or internationally.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s EBITDA margin has risen 25% since 2005. The result is a<br />
balance sheet flush with cash that allows the Company to pursue<br />
opportunities for geographic growth. Management’s current strategy is to<br />
make acquisitions in international markets while funding its capital<br />
3
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
expenditures with internally generated cash flows. Look for <strong>Superior</strong> to<br />
continue making acquisitions that provide exposure to those international<br />
markets with high operating margins.<br />
VALUATION We calculated <strong>Superior</strong>’s 12-month target price <strong>of</strong> $44.30 using a<br />
combination <strong>of</strong> models: the Discounted Cash Flow method, the Relative<br />
Multiplier method <strong>of</strong> P/E, the Price/Book Value, the PEG method, the<br />
Relative Multiplier method <strong>of</strong> Enterprise Value/EBITDA, and Relative<br />
Multiplier method <strong>of</strong> Price/Cash Flow per share. Table 2 shows the weight<br />
we assigned to each valuation method and the 12- month weighted target<br />
price.<br />
Discounted Cash<br />
Flow Method<br />
The Relative<br />
Multiplier Methods<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> this method is to estimate <strong>Superior</strong>’s future free cash flows<br />
and discount them to the present. Our group analyzed growth rates in cash<br />
flow through perpetuity and multiplied the result by the rate <strong>of</strong> after-tax<br />
WACC. This method was weighted the most because we feel the<br />
Company’s cash flow is the best valuation tool because <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
relatively low debt level.<br />
The following valuation methods were weighted equally because <strong>of</strong> our<br />
judgment that the combined effect <strong>of</strong> these methods resulted in a valuation<br />
that is both extensive and detailed.<br />
P/E To calculate a target price using the relative multiplier method for P/E, we<br />
first produced the average P/E <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s peer group. The result was<br />
then multiplied by <strong>Superior</strong>’s 12-month forecasted earnings per share.<br />
Price/Book Value The P/BV relative multiplier method was calculated by multiplying the<br />
Company’s peer group P/BV by the Company’s 12-month forecasted book<br />
value per share. This method is useful because it accounts for <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
capital-intense unique fixed assets.<br />
Enterprise<br />
Value/EBITDA<br />
Price/Cash Flow<br />
per Share<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s enterprise value was determined by adding its equity market<br />
capitalization and debt, and from that figure, subtracting the Company’s<br />
cash and cash equivalents. This number was then divided by <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
EBITDA relative to its peers.<br />
Our target price using the price/cash flow per share was generated by<br />
calculating the average P/CFPS <strong>of</strong> the Company’s peers and multiplying<br />
the result by <strong>Superior</strong>’s projected 12-month CFPS.<br />
PEG Method We determined the target price resulting from the PEG method by<br />
multiplying the 12-month forecast <strong>of</strong> earnings per share by the five-year<br />
growth rate. The growth rate was computed using historical EPS.<br />
4
INDUSTRY<br />
ANALYSIS<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Table 2: Stock Valuation Methods & Target Price<br />
Method Price Weight<br />
DCF $40.93 25%<br />
P/E $49.06 15%<br />
P/BV $40.71 15%<br />
PEG $31.85 15%<br />
EV/EBITDA $46.14 15%<br />
P/CFPS $59.36 15%<br />
12-month Target Price $44.30 100%<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services operates within the oil and gas field services and<br />
equipment industry, which consists <strong>of</strong> manufacturers <strong>of</strong> oil rigs and<br />
equipment and providers <strong>of</strong> supplies and services to companies involved in<br />
the drilling, maintenance, and completion <strong>of</strong> oil and gas wells. <strong>Superior</strong><br />
competes within a global industry, where the United States in 2006 made<br />
up only 18.3% <strong>of</strong> the world’s market value. This number is expected to<br />
increase because several countries with promising or existing wells lack<br />
the technology that many United States-based companies have already<br />
developed. Figure 2 shows the breakdown by percentage <strong>of</strong> market<br />
segmentation.<br />
5<br />
Figure 2<br />
Source: Datamonitor
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Market Overview The oil and gas field services and equipment industry within the United<br />
States currently consists <strong>of</strong> over 8,000 companies, with more than half <strong>of</strong><br />
the companies employing five people or fewer. Globally, this industry<br />
generated $124.3 billion in total revenues in 2006. Customers include both<br />
major and smaller independent oil and gas producers, and are obtained<br />
through either direct contracts or competitive bidding. The industry is labor<br />
intensive with the exception <strong>of</strong> the equipment segment. Figure 3 illustrates<br />
the relatively high fragmentation <strong>of</strong> this industry, in which the five largest<br />
companies share less than 35% <strong>of</strong> the market share.<br />
6<br />
Figure 3<br />
Source: Datamonitor<br />
Market Analysis The most important price drivers in this industry are the demand for oil and<br />
gas, which have a history <strong>of</strong> volatility and cyclicality. Company activity<br />
increases as the demand and price for oil and gas increase. In addition to<br />
price <strong>of</strong> and demand for oil and gas, the number <strong>of</strong> operating liftboats and<br />
rigs affect earnings and revenue. A higher number <strong>of</strong> operating liftboats<br />
and rigs can result in more production <strong>of</strong> oil and gas. The competing<br />
companies are also highly affected by seasonality, and are increasingly<br />
aware <strong>of</strong> and responsive to weather conditions, especially in the wake <strong>of</strong><br />
Hurricane Katrina. Seasonality and the threat <strong>of</strong> serious hurricanes and<br />
tropical storms have had the recent effect <strong>of</strong> shifting demand from the Gulf<br />
<strong>of</strong> Mexico to different global locations, because U.S. regulations and<br />
guidelines <strong>of</strong> the Minerals Management Services have become more<br />
stringent and insurance expenses have increased. Additional government<br />
regulation includes rules regarding the environment, storage, handling, and<br />
emission <strong>of</strong> oil and gas. Beyond the Gulf, demand is still growing, which<br />
has caused drilling activity to grow steadily over the years, as<br />
demonstrated in Figure 4.
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Figure 4: Active Rig Count and Utilization<br />
7<br />
Source: Datamonitor<br />
The compounded annual growth rate <strong>of</strong> the global industry’s market value<br />
between 2002 and 2006 was 12.7%, when the steady growth <strong>of</strong> around<br />
15% for the first four years was disrupted with a dismal 4% growth rate in<br />
2006. Global market growth is forecasted to remain stable around 4% for<br />
the next five years, despite emerging opportunities abroad, including many<br />
in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, West Africa, and the North Sea.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s Role <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services fits into this industry as a large-size service<br />
provider, focusing on well intervention, rental tools, marine services, and<br />
oil and gas operations. <strong>Superior</strong> has taken active steps to maintain growth<br />
in this seasonal and cyclical industry. Although 50% <strong>of</strong> current business is<br />
within the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico, global expansion has already begun, including<br />
work in the North Sea and Asia Pacific. <strong>Superior</strong> also helps control the<br />
risks associated with fluctuating demand by diversifying and expanding its<br />
<strong>of</strong>fered services, including its oil and gas operations and rental tools, and<br />
training employees in more than one service.<br />
Threat <strong>of</strong> Entry Entrance into the oil and gas equipment service industry is difficult. High<br />
fixed costs on capital requirements are necessary to manufacture or<br />
purchase specialized industrial assets. In addition, the labor costs required<br />
for training and employing a highly skilled workforce are high. Moreover,<br />
the specialized assets inhibit both entrance and exit strategies in the<br />
industry. These specialized assets are not easily salvaged should a venture<br />
prove unpr<strong>of</strong>itable. As a result, we are seeing continued consolidation<br />
within the industry as companies pursue aggressive expansion into global<br />
markets through acquisitions.
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
COMPANY<br />
DESCRIPTION<br />
Rivalry Rivalry in the oilfield service industry is moderate to intense. Strategy is<br />
critical in this high stakes industry. Most companies specialize in only a<br />
few services. <strong>Superior</strong> is unique because it <strong>of</strong>fers comprehensive services<br />
across products. It has the capacity to service an oil well from “soup to<br />
nuts” by using its transportation equipment to deliver its wide range <strong>of</strong><br />
specialized equipment and services. These bundled services are what set<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> apart from its competition.<br />
In foreign markets, there are emerging opportunities for strong and<br />
reputable companies to expand operations. Drilling and production activity<br />
has increased globally. <strong>Superior</strong> has entered foreign markets primarily<br />
through its rental tools segment, which provides the high-pr<strong>of</strong>it margins for<br />
its business. Diversification into global markets, while maintaining<br />
established domestic business, is critical to maintaining a competitive<br />
advantage in the industry.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN/NYSE) provides specialized oilfield<br />
services and equipment. The Louisiana-based company’s primary objective<br />
is to serve the drilling and production-related needs <strong>of</strong> oil and gas<br />
companies. <strong>Superior</strong> Group was formed when it managed a reverse merger<br />
with Small’s Oilfield Services Corp. in 1995. <strong>Superior</strong>’s early success<br />
coincided with the inception <strong>of</strong> the “rigless” well plug and abandonment, a<br />
new method <strong>of</strong> plugging and abandoning uneconomical wells. The capital<br />
requirements necessary to grow and diversify its business led <strong>Superior</strong> to<br />
the public market after the 1995 merger. In 1999, <strong>Superior</strong> merged with<br />
Cardinal Services, the market leader in mechanical wireline and liftboat<br />
services in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. This key merger provided <strong>Superior</strong> with<br />
complete in-house capabilities to produce, maintain, and decommission<br />
wells throughout a well’s entire life cycle. It also provided the Company<br />
with the world’s largest fleet <strong>of</strong> liftboats to deliver these services. Success<br />
in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico provided opportunities to expand globally. <strong>Superior</strong><br />
acquired two United Kingdom-based rental tools enterprises that have<br />
given the Company global capabilities to provide rental services in the<br />
North Sea, Europe, the Middle East, South East Asia, and West Africa.<br />
Operating Segments <strong>Superior</strong> Energy has four business segments. They are rental tools, well<br />
intervention services, marine services, and oil and gas operations. In the<br />
rental tools segment, <strong>Superior</strong> manufactures, sells, and rents tools used in<br />
well drilling, completion, and production activities. The Company provides<br />
drilling related needs mostly through this segment. The rental tools<br />
operating segment experiences the highest gross margins partly because <strong>of</strong><br />
relatively low operating costs. The well intervention segment includes a<br />
variety <strong>of</strong> services that stimulate oil and gas production. For example, in<br />
the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico, <strong>Superior</strong> is a leading provider <strong>of</strong> wireline services as<br />
well as plug and abandonment services. <strong>Superior</strong> also manufactures and<br />
sells specialized drilling equipment.<br />
8
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Locations and<br />
Facilities<br />
The marine services segment has a fleet <strong>of</strong> 37 liftboats used to deliver<br />
production related services to support customer projects. Of the 37<br />
liftboats, 10 are used especially for wireline services. Lastly, the oil and<br />
gas operations segment consists <strong>of</strong> mature oil and gas properties in the<br />
Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico that <strong>Superior</strong> owns and operates through its subsidiary,<br />
SPN Resources. Because <strong>of</strong> the cyclical nature <strong>of</strong> the oil and gas industry,<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> enhances productivity by utilizing these mature properties during<br />
periods <strong>of</strong> lesser activity when demand from traditional customers is low.<br />
Mature properties are also cost effective. In 2006, The Company reported<br />
record revenues and incomes from every segment. Figure 5 indicates the<br />
division <strong>of</strong> revenues between the four operating segments in 2006.<br />
Figure 5: Operating Segments Revenues in 2006 (in thousands)<br />
Source: <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services, Inc. Annual Report, 2006<br />
Primarily a Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico-based company until 2003, <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
corporate headquarters are in Harvey, Louisiana. This facility also supports<br />
its well intervention and marine operations. <strong>Superior</strong>’s other principal<br />
operating facility, located in Broussard, Louisiana, supports rental tools<br />
and marine operations in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. <strong>Superior</strong> now has 4,300<br />
employees working in more than 120 locations in 10 countries. The<br />
acquisition <strong>of</strong> Warrior Energy Services has expanded operations into key<br />
domestic land markets. Paired with primary operations in the Gulf <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico, <strong>Superior</strong> aims to be one <strong>of</strong> North America’s largest providers <strong>of</strong><br />
production-related services. <strong>Superior</strong> also looks to grow internationally by<br />
expanding on current contracts in Malaysia, Australia, and Egypt.<br />
9
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Corporate Strategy The cyclical nature <strong>of</strong> the oil industry in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico requires that<br />
companies diversify geographically to maintain steady growth. Onshore<br />
operations and entrance into international markets are key drivers for<br />
consistent revenue growth. <strong>Superior</strong>’s corporate strategy includes plans to<br />
expand its services and rental tools in domestic and international markets.<br />
In 2006, the Company acquired Warrior Energy Services, which expanded<br />
its domestic onshore presence. Warrior’s operations cover most <strong>of</strong> the<br />
active producing basins in the United States. It is one <strong>of</strong> the largest<br />
providers <strong>of</strong> production related services in the United States. and is an<br />
integral part <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s plans to increase market share in the domestic<br />
land market.<br />
The Company also wants to expand operations internationally. In July<br />
2006, the Company signed $100 million in international service contracts<br />
including an 18-month contract that sent the DB Performance, an 880 ton<br />
derrick barge, to Malaysia. <strong>Superior</strong> also plans to acquire an international<br />
services company. Another aspect <strong>of</strong> the Company’s corporate strategy is<br />
leveraging its broad base <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ferings to boost revenues by investing in<br />
more rental items, constructing a second derrick barge, entering into the<br />
secondary pumping market, and expanding oil and gas property holdings.<br />
Competitors The highly competitive oilfield services industry includes large firms with<br />
market capitalizations ten times that <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong> such as Baker Hughes<br />
(BHI/NYSE), which supplies products and technology services to oil and<br />
gas industries worldwide and Weatherford International (WFT/NYSE).<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>s top competitors with similar market capitalizations<br />
(under $5 billion) are Oil States International (OIS/NYSE), and W-H<br />
Energy Services (WHQ/NYSE), which provides products and services<br />
used in the drilling and completion <strong>of</strong> oil and natural gas wells.<br />
Latest<br />
Developments<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s recent growth and acquisitions have diversified the Company’s<br />
revenue. <strong>Business</strong> services in domestic onshore and international markets,<br />
primarily in rental tools and well intervention, now account for more than<br />
half <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s earnings. In addition to acquiring Warrior Energy<br />
Services in 2006, the Company is honoring contracts for well intervention<br />
services in New Zealand, Canada, Trinidad, Colombia, and Brazil. Most<br />
notably, <strong>Superior</strong> entered the Asian Pacific market when it entered an 18month<br />
contract to charter its derrick barge. <strong>Superior</strong> is currently<br />
constructing a second derrick barge for purchase by the same Malaysian<br />
company at a price <strong>of</strong> $53.7 million. A third barge currently under<br />
construction will be owned and operated by <strong>Superior</strong> for use on deepwater<br />
projects in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
PEER ANALYSIS The following companies were selected as top competitors in one or more<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s operating segments. W-H Energy Services (WHQ), Parker<br />
Drilling (PKD), and Baker Hughes (BHI) provide a sampling <strong>of</strong> the diverse<br />
oilfield services industry, where many firms are unique in the bundled<br />
10
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
W-H Energy<br />
Services<br />
(WHQ/ NYSE)<br />
Parker Drilling<br />
(PKD/NYSE)<br />
services they <strong>of</strong>fer. Where <strong>Superior</strong> stands out compared with competitors<br />
may be a result <strong>of</strong> rapid expansion through acquisitions in 2006 and 2007.<br />
With significant investment in acquiring companies, <strong>Superior</strong>’s debt to<br />
equity ratio <strong>of</strong> .86 is considerably higher than its peers. This ratio shows<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> has become extremely leveraged in its rapid growth. This growth<br />
has led to a significant revenue growth <strong>of</strong> 59.9% and gross pr<strong>of</strong>it margins<br />
well above its peer group.<br />
Table 3: Competitor Comparison<br />
SPN WHQ PKD BHI<br />
Market Capitalization 3021.4M 2187.6M 889.2M 27823.8M<br />
Annual Sales 1093.8M 894.8M 586.4M 9027.4M<br />
Employees 4300 2959 2628 34600<br />
Revenue Growth(12 month) 59.90% 36.60% 4.20% 21.80%<br />
Gross Pr<strong>of</strong>it Margin 55.30% 47% 30.10% 41.60%<br />
EBITDA (ttm) 561.93M 280.19M 222.87M 2.63B<br />
Net Income (ttm) 251.45M 127.5M 102.66M 1.41B<br />
EPS (ttm) 3.07 4.47 0.94 4.36<br />
P/E (ttm) 12.08 15.99 8.49 19.97<br />
PEG (5 yr expected) 0.31 0.72 N/A 1.07<br />
P/S (ttm) 2.21 2.1 1.46 2.84<br />
P/BV (mrq) 3.49 3.71 1.89 4.74<br />
EV/EBITDA 6.641 7.724 5.007 10.683<br />
Debt/Equity 0.86 0.292 N/A 0.18<br />
Div. Yield N/A N/A N/A 0.60%<br />
ROE 34.10% 27.60% 23.60% 25.10%<br />
ROA 14.70% 16.80% 10.60% 15.70%<br />
Source: Hoovers and Yahoo Finance September 16, 2007<br />
With a slightly lower market capitalization <strong>of</strong> $2.18 billion and annual<br />
sales <strong>of</strong> $894 million W-H Energy Services competes with <strong>Superior</strong><br />
primarily in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. Competition between the two companies<br />
is mainly in well completion services and rental tools. Expanding similarly<br />
to <strong>Superior</strong> through acquisitions, W-H Energy services a growing number<br />
<strong>of</strong> customers onshore domestically and abroad. Based in Houston, Texas,<br />
W-H Energy is the closest competitor in terms <strong>of</strong> size and connections for<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s principle revenue market, the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Parker Drilling specializes in drilling and servicing wells in remote and<br />
difficult terrain. Located in New Iberia, Louisiana, Parker’s subsidiary<br />
Quail Tools competes directly with <strong>Superior</strong>’s rental tools segment. Quail<br />
Tools has primary operations in the Gulf Coast, the Rocky Mountains, and<br />
western Texas. Increasing oil prices have prompted aggressive exploration<br />
by oil companies and a greater need for Parker’s specialized services.<br />
Parker has significant operations internationally, having worked in 54<br />
countries. It also has considerable experience in Arctic drilling in the<br />
Caspian Sea, Western Siberia, and Sakhalin Island. International onshore<br />
activities are focused in Asia Pacific and the former Soviet Union.<br />
11
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Baker Hughes<br />
Incorporated<br />
(BHI/NYSE)<br />
MANAGEMENT<br />
PERFORMANCE<br />
AND<br />
BACKGROUND<br />
Return on Invested<br />
Capital<br />
Significantly larger than <strong>Superior</strong> with a market capitalization <strong>of</strong> $27.82<br />
billion, Baker Hughes <strong>of</strong>fers a wide range <strong>of</strong> services for the international<br />
oil and gas industry. BHI operates out <strong>of</strong> two segments, Drilling and<br />
Evaluation and Completion and Production. The latter primarily competes<br />
with the services <strong>Superior</strong> <strong>of</strong>fers. The Completion and Production segment<br />
provides clients equipment and services used throughout the productive<br />
life <strong>of</strong> oil and gas wells. These services are direct competition <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s Well Intervention Services segment.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy has an experienced management team consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
managers and <strong>of</strong>ficers who have been with the Company for many years.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s succession plans require that successors consent to all<br />
employment agreements in place before the succession. An employment<br />
agreement provides all terms and conditions the executive agrees to serve<br />
while employed.<br />
The board <strong>of</strong> directors is elected by shareholders to oversee the<br />
management. The majority <strong>of</strong> directors will always be independent and<br />
non-management who meet the NYSE criteria for independence. The only<br />
management director currently on the board is the chief executive <strong>of</strong>ficer,<br />
Terence E. Hall.<br />
One interest <strong>of</strong> the Company and its shareholders is a strategy to maintain<br />
an unmatched safety record. Training programs are meant to keep safety a<br />
constant focus for all employees. In fact, The Company was recognized by<br />
the Petroleum Education Council for achieving the lowest incident rate as<br />
compared to its peers. <strong>Superior</strong>’s safety record is one way in which it<br />
creates shareholder value.<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s return on invested capital (ROIC) is shown in Table 4, which<br />
compares the Company’s ROIC to the average ROIC <strong>of</strong> a peer group<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> Baker Hughes Inc., W-H Energy Services Inc., and Parker<br />
Drilling Company. The comparison shows that for over five years,<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> has performed slightly better. However, in recent years, such as<br />
2005 and 2006, it has not outperformed the average ROIC <strong>of</strong> the peer<br />
group partly because the average ROIC <strong>of</strong> the peer group was greatly<br />
affected by the high ROIC <strong>of</strong> Baker Hughes Inc. In 2006 and 2005, ROIC<br />
for Baker was 40.71 and 17.07 respectively.<br />
Also in 2005, ROIC was adversely affected by hurricanes Katrina and Rita.<br />
In 2006, <strong>Superior</strong>’s ROIC <strong>of</strong> 18.77 was close to W-H Energy’s 21.06, and<br />
greater than Parker’s 14.22. <strong>Superior</strong>’s five-year average ROIC is greater<br />
than W-H Energy (by .22) and Parker (by 7.34), yet, less than Baker<br />
Hughes (by 5.42). Therefore, though <strong>Superior</strong>’s management outperformed<br />
the peer group in the past five years combined, it does not currently<br />
outperform this group. The equation used for ROIC was taken from the<br />
Thomson One Banker Web site.<br />
12
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Table 4: ROIC Comparison Between <strong>Superior</strong> and Peer Group<br />
Year SPN ROIC Peer Group ROIC<br />
2006 18.77 25.33<br />
2005 11.46 16.22<br />
2004 7.60 5.01<br />
5yr average 10.26 9.54<br />
Terence E. Hall Chairman <strong>of</strong> the Board and Chief Executive Officer (61)<br />
Mr. Hall has been the chairman <strong>of</strong> the board, chief executive <strong>of</strong>ficer, and a<br />
director <strong>of</strong> the Company since December 1995. He was also president from<br />
December 1995 to November 2004. Mr. Hall has served as president and<br />
chief executive <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services L.L.C. and Connection<br />
Technology L.L.C, subsidiaries <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong> since 1989.<br />
Kenneth L.<br />
Blanchard<br />
President and Chief Operating Officer (57)<br />
Mr. Blanchard has been the Company’s president and chief operating<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficer since June 2002. He was also an executive vice president from<br />
December 1995 to November 2004.<br />
Robert S. Taylor Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer (52)<br />
Mr. Taylor has been chief financial <strong>of</strong>ficer since January 1996, an<br />
executive vice president since September 2004, and treasurer since July<br />
1999. From July 1999 to September 2004, he served as one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Company’s vice presidents.<br />
A. Patrick Bernard Senior Executive Vice President (49)<br />
Mr. Bernard has been senior executive vice president <strong>of</strong> operations since<br />
July 2006 and an executive vice president since September 2004. From<br />
July 2003 until September 2004, he was a vice president, and before that<br />
was the chief financial <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s subsidiary International<br />
Snubbing Services L.L.C.<br />
L. Guy Cook, III Executive Vice President (38)<br />
Mr. Cook has been an executive vice president since September 2004. He<br />
also served as executive vice president <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s subsidiary <strong>Superior</strong><br />
Energy Services L.L.C. since May 2006 as well as a vice president for the<br />
subsidiary since August 2000. From April 1997 until February 2000, he<br />
was director <strong>of</strong> investor relations, in charge <strong>of</strong> integrating acquisitions.<br />
James A. Holleman Executive Vice President (49)<br />
Mr. Holleman has been an executive vice president since September 2004.<br />
Previously, he was a vice president since July 1999 and an executive vice<br />
president for <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services L.L.C. since May 2006. He also<br />
served as a vice president for the subsidiary since July 1999 and from 1994<br />
until July 1999, was chief operating <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> the predecessor to <strong>Superior</strong><br />
Energy Services L.L.C., Cardinal Services Inc.<br />
13
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
Gregory L. Miller Executive Vice President and President <strong>of</strong> SPN Resources LLC (49)<br />
Mr. Miller has been an executive vice president since September 2004 and<br />
has been president <strong>of</strong> subsidiary SPN Resources L.L.C. since April 2003.<br />
Previously, he was president <strong>of</strong> Optimal Energy Inc. from January 1991<br />
until April 2003.<br />
Danny R. Young Executive Vice President (51)<br />
Mr. Young has been an executive vice president since September 2004 and<br />
has also been an executive vice president <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services<br />
L.L.C. since May 2006. Previously, he was a vice president <strong>of</strong> health,<br />
safety and environment and corporate services <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services<br />
L.L.C. from January 2002 until May 2005.<br />
Management<br />
Incentives<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> <strong>of</strong>fers various incentive plans that provide long term incentives to<br />
key employees including <strong>of</strong>ficers, directors, consultants, and advisors. In<br />
May 2007, the Company approved an employee stock purchase plan with a<br />
million shares <strong>of</strong> common stock reserved for issuance. <strong>Superior</strong> can <strong>of</strong>fer<br />
incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock<br />
options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, and other rewards such<br />
as performance share units (PSUs) that measure the Company’s ROIC and<br />
total shareholder return relative to a peer group.<br />
The compensation committee <strong>of</strong> the board <strong>of</strong> directors establishes the<br />
terms and exercise price <strong>of</strong> stock options, which cannot be less than the fair<br />
value <strong>of</strong> the common share on the date <strong>of</strong> the grant. For the six months<br />
ended June 20, 2007, compensation expenses related to stock options,<br />
restricted stock, restricted stock units, and PSUs were .7 million, 1.3<br />
million, .5 million, and 3.6 million respectively.<br />
Executives also earn an annual incentive bonus based on achievement <strong>of</strong><br />
performance objectives. The bonus must be approved by the compensation<br />
committee. In addition, the Company has a pr<strong>of</strong>it sharing plan for<br />
employees who satisfy minimum service and age requirements. The<br />
employee is entitled to contribute up to 75% <strong>of</strong> earnings, the amount<br />
limited by the Internal Revenue Service, into pr<strong>of</strong>it sharing plans, and<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> will match up to 5% <strong>of</strong> the employee’s salary. The defined<br />
contribution plan dollar limit in 2006 was $44,000. Some highly paid<br />
employees have nonqualified deferred compensation plans into which they<br />
may defer up to 75% <strong>of</strong> their earnings and up to 100% <strong>of</strong> their bonus to the<br />
plan that earns a return based on market value changes <strong>of</strong> certain mutual<br />
funds chosen as part <strong>of</strong> a theoretical investment. Executives are also<br />
eligible to participate in all <strong>of</strong> the Company’s savings, retirement, paid<br />
vacations and holidays, and other incentive plans available to the other<br />
executive <strong>of</strong>ficers.<br />
14
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SHAREHOLDER<br />
ANALYSIS<br />
Institutional<br />
Shareholders<br />
Insider<br />
Transactions<br />
On September 18, 2007, <strong>Superior</strong> Energy authorized a $350 million share<br />
repurchase program set to end December 31, 2009. This buyback is a<br />
strong signal for the stock by means <strong>of</strong> potentially raising earnings per<br />
share and elevating the market value <strong>of</strong> the remaining shares. Management<br />
clearly has the sense that the market price <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong> stock is undervalued<br />
relative to future earnings potential. This share buyback may be a way to<br />
reward investors better than a dividend would because <strong>of</strong> tax advantages<br />
and effects on share value.<br />
Institutional investors account for 89% <strong>of</strong> shares outstanding. The top ten<br />
are represented in Table 5. Over the last quarter, institutional investors<br />
have purchased net 920,603 shares, representing 1.3% change in<br />
institutional shares held. Changes among the ten largest institutional<br />
shareholders have been relatively neutral with large purchases and sales <strong>of</strong><br />
stock.<br />
Table 5: Top Ten Institutional Shareholders<br />
Holder Name Source Held % Out Latest Change<br />
Fidelity Management 13F 6,380,892 7.83 -757,508<br />
AXA 13F 4,711,608 5.78 773,862<br />
Nierenberg Investment 13F 2,513,500 3.09 -275,000<br />
Transamerica Investment 13F 2,497,375 3.07 -112,531<br />
Vanguard Group 13F 2,464,028 3.02 -22,159<br />
Barclays Global Investors 13F 2,452,683 3.01 -16,843<br />
State Street Corp. 13F 2,277,704 2.8 906,678<br />
New Amsterdam Partners 13F 1,775,927 2.18 433,208<br />
Munder Capital Management 13F 1,749,730 2.15 104,166<br />
Morgan Stanley & Co. 13F 1,557,626 1.91 -126,899<br />
Source: Bloomberg, October 23, 2007<br />
Table 6 shows recent insider transactions. Insider selling over the past six<br />
months could be due to a variety <strong>of</strong> reasons because insiders are in general<br />
net sellers and could be simply trying to diversify or cover personal<br />
expenditures. The sale <strong>of</strong> 7.8% <strong>of</strong> insider shares has largely been in<br />
conjunction with exercised stock options. Insiders sold shares, and then<br />
exercised options to gain those shares back at a discounted price.<br />
Table 6: Insider Purchases for Last Six Months<br />
Shares Transactions<br />
Purchases 0 0<br />
Sales 662,000 6<br />
Net Shares Purchased (Sold) -662,000 6<br />
Total Insider Shares Held 7.86M N/A<br />
% Net Shares Purchased (Sold) -7.80% N/A<br />
Source: Yahoo! Finance October 25, 2007<br />
15
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
RISK ANALYSIS <strong>Superior</strong> is affected by operational risks including the cyclical nature <strong>of</strong><br />
the oil and gas industry, dependence on skilled employees, and dangers<br />
related to oil and gas productions. The Company also faces financial risks,<br />
being more leveraged and less liquid than the industry as a whole,<br />
illustrating its growth strategy. In addition, <strong>Superior</strong> is responsible for<br />
complying with all industry laws and regulations, which poses additional<br />
burdens on the Company.<br />
Operational Risks Cyclical Nature <strong>of</strong> Industry<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> is highly affected by the cyclical nature <strong>of</strong> the oil and gas<br />
industry. Demand for the services <strong>of</strong>fered by <strong>Superior</strong> is dependent on the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> expenditures <strong>of</strong> firms in the industry. This demand is reliant on<br />
many volatile variables: fluctuations in oil and gas prices, costs <strong>of</strong><br />
exploring and producing, discovery rates <strong>of</strong> new reserves, and<br />
technological advances in the industry. Although past declines in prices<br />
did not have immediate effects on businesses, producers generally reduce<br />
expenditures in response to a fall in oil and gas prices. Therefore, an<br />
extended level <strong>of</strong> falling prices could greatly affect <strong>Superior</strong>’s revenues.<br />
Skilled Workforce<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s products and services depend on employees with specialized<br />
skills and experience. With the rapid expansion <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>, it is critical<br />
the Company is able to retain the key personnel <strong>of</strong> its acquired firms and<br />
train new employees. Further, Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico maritime employees have<br />
been targeted for unionization. As a result, increases in wages paid by<br />
competitors and a loss <strong>of</strong> employees could severely hurt operations in the<br />
Gulf. Many employees are cross-trained so that they can perform many<br />
job duties on a well. There is a shortage <strong>of</strong> these highly skilled employees,<br />
and their job turnover is a major risk.<br />
Dangers in Operations<br />
<strong>Superior</strong> boasts one <strong>of</strong> the best safety records among its peers. However,<br />
the risk <strong>of</strong> accidents related to oil and gas production limits insurance<br />
coverage and exposes <strong>Superior</strong> to major liability costs. Incidents like fires,<br />
blowouts, or pipe failures may cause <strong>Superior</strong> significant setbacks in<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> injury or damages to equipment. Operations in the Gulf <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico are in seasonal danger from hurricanes. Liftboats and equipment<br />
stationed in the Gulf are also subject to significant damage or losses as a<br />
result <strong>of</strong> severe weather. Significant storms in 2005 resulted in <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
losing previous levels <strong>of</strong> insurance coverage, thus, exposing the Company<br />
to potential significant uninsured losses.<br />
Financial Risks <strong>Superior</strong> is a company that depends on acquisitions as part <strong>of</strong> its strategy.<br />
The acquisitions paid for in part by issuing debt contribute to its total<br />
debt-to-equity ratio <strong>of</strong> .86, which is a leverage ratio. The oil and gas<br />
equipment and services industry comparison according to Reuters, is a<br />
ratio <strong>of</strong> .43, which shows that <strong>Superior</strong> is more leveraged than its peers,<br />
16
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
posing financial risks to the Company’s cash flows. In addition, annual<br />
income statement figures from 2005 to 2006 show <strong>Superior</strong> has a 3.1<br />
degree <strong>of</strong> operating leverage, which reflects the degree to which a change<br />
in sales affected earnings. Financial risks may also be examined using<br />
liquidity ratios. The Company’s current ratio, which measures ability to<br />
pay short-term obligations, is 1.7 compared to the industry ratio <strong>of</strong> 2.26,<br />
and thus <strong>Superior</strong> is currently less liquid than the industry comparison.<br />
In the Company’s 10-k, <strong>Superior</strong> mentions expecting to continue making<br />
capital expenditures in amounts related to the cash that <strong>Superior</strong> generates<br />
from operating activities. Its primary sources <strong>of</strong> liquidity are cash flows<br />
from operations and borrowings under a new credit facility that expanded<br />
borrowing capabilities from $162 million to $190 million as <strong>of</strong> year-end<br />
2006. Cash from operating activities, equity, and borrowings are used to<br />
increase the Company’s asset base and, ultimately, earnings potential.<br />
Changes in interest and exchange rates have not materially affected<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s financials because <strong>Superior</strong> is generally equalized into the<br />
same currency. Further, as <strong>of</strong> year-end 2006, none <strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s debt<br />
outstanding had variable interest rates, and had no interest risks. The<br />
liquidity and leverage ratios are summarized in Table 7. The peer group<br />
comparison consists <strong>of</strong> Baker Hughes Inc., W-H Energy Services Inc., and<br />
Parker Drilling Company.<br />
Table 7: Liquidity and Leverage Ratio Comparisons<br />
Ratio SPN Industry Peer Group<br />
Debt to Equity .86 .43 .38<br />
Current 1.7 2.26 3.34<br />
Regulation Industry regulation represents a risk to the <strong>Superior</strong>. The Company has to<br />
comply with regulations relating to health and safety, waste management,<br />
and hazardous waste laws. <strong>Superior</strong>’s operations are monitored by the<br />
Minerals Management Service, which requires <strong>Superior</strong> to comply with<br />
the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. Minerals Management Service has<br />
the ability to create certain construction requirements or require <strong>Superior</strong><br />
to end operations on a lease. The Oil Pollution Act also regulates<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s operations and holds the Company financially liable for any<br />
damages such as oil spills and other related substances. Lastly, regulatory<br />
laws to cover employees who operate on <strong>of</strong>fshore platforms and liftboats<br />
include the Jones Act, the Death on the High Seas Act, and general<br />
maritime law. All regulatory obligations increase costs, and, therefore,<br />
affect pr<strong>of</strong>itability. If there is a change in regulation, <strong>Superior</strong> will have to<br />
modify practices to maintain compliance.<br />
17
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
FINANCIAL<br />
PERFORMANC<br />
E AND<br />
PROJECTIONS<br />
Macroeconomic<br />
and Industry<br />
Outlook<br />
Operating<br />
Assumptions<br />
Financing and<br />
Investing<br />
Assumptions<br />
We made certain assumptions to forecast our 12-month target price <strong>of</strong><br />
$44.30. These assumptions were based on macroeconomic and industry<br />
outlooks as well as company specific information.<br />
The oilfield service and equipment industry is driven by global demand<br />
for oil and gas. In 2007, global oil demand outweighed supply because <strong>of</strong><br />
growth in emerging markets. The forecast for 2008 indicates the risk for<br />
slower growth as a result <strong>of</strong> increased supply and lessening demand<br />
because <strong>of</strong> tightened consumer spending. U.S. regulations and guidelines<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Minerals Management Services have become more stringent as<br />
well.<br />
We forecasted revenues based on a sum <strong>of</strong> four revenue models from each<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Superior</strong>’s four operating segments. For the well intervention segment<br />
revenue model, we built a regression and included the affects <strong>of</strong> storms in<br />
the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico, Hurricane Katrina, land and <strong>of</strong>fshore wireline units,<br />
oil and gas explorations, oil and gas prices, and depreciation and<br />
amortization. In the rental tools segment we also used a regression model<br />
and included the impact <strong>of</strong> storms in the Gulf, Hurricane Katrina,<br />
depreciation, and rig count. Our regression for the marine operating<br />
segment incorporated day-rates for each <strong>of</strong> the classes <strong>of</strong> liftboats as well<br />
as Hurricane Katrina and oil prices. To forecast revenues for the oil and<br />
gas segment, we did not build a regression model because management<br />
does not currently have plans to increase activity in this segment. We used<br />
a growth rate to predict future revenues from the oil and gas segment,<br />
while also considering oil and gas prices.<br />
Management has plans to continue making acquisitions. <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
strategy is to acquire in international markets and eventually run a third <strong>of</strong><br />
its operations internationally. It plans to fund capital expenditures with<br />
cash flows from operating activities. Also, the Company authorized a<br />
$350 million share repurchase program that will end on December 31,<br />
2009. The repurchase program is a sign that management feels <strong>Superior</strong> is<br />
undervalued. We do not expect <strong>Superior</strong> to start issuing a dividend;<br />
however, a share buyback may be a way to reward investors instead,<br />
because <strong>of</strong> tax advantages and the effect on share value. As <strong>of</strong> the year<br />
ended 2006, <strong>Superior</strong>’s borrowing capabilities expanded from $162<br />
million to $190 million because <strong>of</strong> a new credit facility.<br />
SITE VISIT On October 5, 2007, our group <strong>of</strong> analysts including Thad Brill Jr.,<br />
Kristen Elmer, Meredith Martin, and Wes Swackhamer visited <strong>Superior</strong><br />
Energy Services at its headquarters in Harvey, Louisiana. We were met by<br />
Greg Rosenstein, vice president <strong>of</strong> investor relations, who proceeded to<br />
direct us to the conference room where we received a printed presentation<br />
<strong>of</strong> information regarding <strong>Superior</strong> and its operations, and an invitation to<br />
18
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
INDEPENDENT<br />
RESEARCH<br />
begin with our questions. After an informative one and a half hour<br />
question and answer session, we received a brief tour <strong>of</strong> the facilities,<br />
including a replica rig with housing where new employees are trained.<br />
The information we collected helped us better understand <strong>Superior</strong>’s<br />
operating segments and services, which assisted us in properly forecasting<br />
<strong>Superior</strong>’s future.<br />
In writing our report, we gathered information about <strong>Superior</strong> Energy<br />
Services Inc. and the oilfield and equipment services industry from a wide<br />
range <strong>of</strong> sources in addition to Company management. We met with<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Eric Smith, the Associate Director <strong>of</strong> the Entergy-<strong>Tulane</strong><br />
Energy Institute. Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Smith gave us perspective on the industry and<br />
our company. He worked with <strong>Superior</strong> Energy during his time at<br />
McDermott International Inc. Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Smith spoke with us about energy<br />
supply and demand, international markets, and regulatory landscapes. In<br />
addition, we discussed <strong>Superior</strong>’s stock performance and possible<br />
explanations for it. Further, we spoke with Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Smith about<br />
independent and national oil companies and the importance for jointventures<br />
and training locals when working with the national oil companies<br />
in other countries.<br />
We also attended an energy security conference held by Shell<br />
Corporation. We spoke with several representatives from Shell about<br />
issues affecting supply and demand and rising oil prices. We also<br />
discussed topics such as social disparity and the possibility <strong>of</strong> the<br />
overpricing <strong>of</strong> oil-related products. We came away from the Shell<br />
conference with the perception that global supply for energy products was<br />
not growing incrementally with global demand. Meeting with Shell gave<br />
us insight into a customer’s point <strong>of</strong> view.<br />
In addition We conversed with analysts from Stifel, Nicolaus & Company<br />
Inc. and Lehman Brothers. The analysts gave insight into equity research<br />
for the oilfield services and equipment industry. They provided us with<br />
various materials to help in our research and forecasting and gave us their<br />
recent notes and insights on the Company. They provided us with investor<br />
presentations and information on the industry.<br />
Our sources <strong>of</strong> information also consisted <strong>of</strong> the 10-Ks and 10-Qs <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Superior</strong> and its peer group, databases such as Bloomberg, Thomson One<br />
Banker, Hoovers, and Standard and Poor’s Market Insight, and Web sites<br />
including Yahoo! Finance and <strong>Superior</strong>’s Web site.<br />
19
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
BEN GRAHAM<br />
HURDLE<br />
ANALYSIS<br />
20
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES INC. (SPN)<br />
Annual and Quarterly Income Statements<br />
In thousands<br />
2007 E<br />
2008 E<br />
For the period ended 2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 31-Mar A 30-Jun A 30-Sep A 31-Dec E 2007 E 31-Mar E 30-Jun E 30-Sep E 31-Dec E 2008 E<br />
Oilfield service and rental revenues $ 527,331 $ 656,423 $ 966,139 $ 325,895 $ 348,589 $ 347,228 $ 369,048 $ 1,390,760 $ 380,764 $ 382,937 $ 390,633 $ 412,153 $ 1,566,487<br />
Oil and gas revenues 37,008<br />
Total revenues 564,339<br />
Costs and expenses:<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> oilfield services 288,561<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> oil and gas 21,547<br />
Total cost <strong>of</strong> services, rental and sales 310,108<br />
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 67,337<br />
General and administrative 110,605<br />
78,911<br />
735,334<br />
330,200<br />
45,804<br />
376,004<br />
89,288<br />
140,989<br />
Reduction in value <strong>of</strong> assets 6,994<br />
Gain on sale <strong>of</strong> assets 3,544<br />
Income from operations 76,289<br />
Other income (expense):<br />
Interest expense (22,476)<br />
Interest income 1,766<br />
125,603<br />
(21,862)<br />
2,201<br />
127,682<br />
1,093,821<br />
427,477<br />
70,028<br />
497,505<br />
111,011<br />
168,416<br />
316,889<br />
(22,950)<br />
4,612<br />
Loss on early extinguishment <strong>of</strong> debt (12,596)<br />
Equity in income <strong>of</strong> affiliates 1,329<br />
1,339<br />
Reduction in value <strong>of</strong> investment in affiliate (1,250)<br />
Income (loss) before income taxes 56,908<br />
106,031<br />
5,891<br />
291,846<br />
37,029<br />
362,924<br />
142,429<br />
18,058<br />
160,487<br />
38,844<br />
50,859<br />
112,734<br />
(8,278)<br />
579<br />
(5,006)<br />
100,029<br />
48,164<br />
396,753<br />
162,973<br />
18,833<br />
181,806<br />
45,242<br />
53,824<br />
115,881<br />
(8,463)<br />
21<br />
929<br />
1,164<br />
109,511<br />
Income taxes 21,056 38,172 103,605 36,010 39,424 39,682 44,248 159,364 45,547 44,273 43,752 46,889 180,461<br />
Net income (loss) $ 35,852 $ 67,859 $ 188,241 $ 64,019 $ 70,087 $ 75,050 $ 80,394 $ 289,550 $ 82,754 $ 80,440 $ 79,493 $ 85,193 $ 327,880<br />
Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.48 $ 0.87 $ 2.36 $ 0.79 $ 0.86 $ 0.92 $ 0.99 $ 3.57 $ 1.03 $ 1.02 $ 1.02 $ 1.10 $ 4.17<br />
Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 0.47 $ 0.85 $ 2.32 $ 0.78 $ 0.85 $ 0.91 $ 0.98 $ 3.52 $ 1.02 $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 1.08 $ 4.10<br />
Weighted average common shares:<br />
Basic 74,896<br />
Diluted 75,900<br />
78,321<br />
79,735<br />
79,801<br />
81,289<br />
80,632<br />
82,156<br />
81,047<br />
82,562<br />
51,696<br />
398,924<br />
159,683<br />
18,954<br />
178,637<br />
49,881<br />
57,150<br />
7,483<br />
120,739<br />
(8,197)<br />
795<br />
1,395<br />
114,732<br />
81,470<br />
82,793<br />
65,044<br />
434,093<br />
164,138<br />
19,880<br />
184,018<br />
53,560<br />
61,832<br />
134,683<br />
(12,429)<br />
989<br />
1,398<br />
124,641<br />
80,990<br />
82,321<br />
201,933<br />
1,592,694<br />
629,223<br />
75,725<br />
704,948<br />
187,527<br />
223,665<br />
7,483<br />
484,037<br />
(37,367)<br />
3,292<br />
(1,049)<br />
448,913<br />
81,035<br />
82,283<br />
66,257<br />
447,021<br />
167,299<br />
20,579<br />
187,878<br />
56,475<br />
63,605<br />
139,063<br />
(13,180)<br />
1,015<br />
1,402<br />
128,300<br />
80,007<br />
81,396<br />
64,268<br />
447,205<br />
166,700<br />
21,302<br />
188,002<br />
58,927<br />
64,346<br />
135,930<br />
(13,511)<br />
889<br />
1,405<br />
124,713<br />
79,055<br />
80,444<br />
61,905<br />
452,537<br />
169,185<br />
22,050<br />
191,235<br />
61,965<br />
64,549<br />
134,788<br />
(13,801)<br />
849<br />
1,409<br />
123,245<br />
78,129<br />
79,518<br />
64,512<br />
476,665<br />
177,359<br />
22,825<br />
200,184<br />
65,324<br />
67,118<br />
144,039<br />
(14,174)<br />
805<br />
1,413<br />
132,082<br />
77,227<br />
78,616<br />
256,941<br />
1,823,428<br />
680,543<br />
86,756<br />
767,299<br />
242,691<br />
259,619<br />
553,820<br />
(54,666)<br />
3,558<br />
5,629<br />
508,341<br />
78,604<br />
79,994
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES INC. (SPN)<br />
Annual and Quarterly Income Statements<br />
2007 E<br />
2008 E<br />
For the period ended 2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 31-Mar A 30-Jun A 30-Sep A 31-Dec E 2007 E 31-Mar E 30-Jun E 30-Sep E 31-Dec E 2008 E<br />
OTHER<br />
Revenues<br />
Well intervention $ 295,690 $ 339,609 $ 469,110 $ 176,931 $ 190,542 $ 202,807 $ 207,596 $ 777,876 $ 206,721 $ 202,252 $ 199,820 $ 206,244 $ 815,036<br />
Marine 69,808 87,267 140,115 35,866 35,162 26,323 37,557 134,908 38,475 36,713 36,164 36,382 147,734<br />
Rental tools 170,064 243,536 371,155 116,180 123,736 118,918 123,895 482,729 135,569 143,972 154,648 169,528 603,717<br />
Oil & Gas 37,008 78,911 127,682 37,029 48,164 51,696 65,044 201,933 66,257 64,268 61,905 64,512 256,941<br />
Less: Oil and Gas Eliminations (8,231) (13,989) (14,241) (3,082) (851) (820)<br />
(4,753)<br />
Total $ 564,339 $ 735,334 $ 1,093,821 $ 362,924 $ 396,753 $ 398,924 $ 434,093 $ 1,592,694 $ 447,021 $ 447,205 $ 452,537 $ 476,665 $ 1,823,428<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> services<br />
Well intervention $ 189,858 $ 213,638 $ 269,631 $ 95,507 $ 109,449 $ 111,777 $ 111,946 $ 428,679 $ 111,238 $ 108,824 $ 108,324 $ 111,948 $ 440,334<br />
Marine 49,581 47,989 56,189 14,489 15,357 13,586 15,023 58,455 15,390 14,685 14,466 14,553 59,093<br />
Rental tools 57,353 82,562 115,898 35,516 39,018 35,142 37,169 146,845 40,671 43,192 46,394 50,858 181,115<br />
Oil & Gas 21,547 45,804 70,028 18,057 18,833 18,952 19,880 75,722 20,579 21,302 22,050 22,825 86,756<br />
Less: Oil and Gas Eliminations (8,231) (13,989) (14,241) (3,082) (851) (820)<br />
(4,753)<br />
Total $ 310,108 $ 376,004 $ 497,505 $ 160,487 $ 181,806 $ 178,637 $ 184,018 $ 704,948 $ 187,878 $ 188,002 $ 191,235 $ 200,184 $ 767,299<br />
Gross pr<strong>of</strong>it percentages<br />
Well intervention 35.79% 37.09% 42.52% 46.02% 42.56% 44.89% 46.07% 44.89% 46.19% 46.19% 45.79% 45.72% 45.97%<br />
Marine 28.98% 45.01% 59.90% 59.60% 56.33% 48.39% 60.00% 56.67% 60.00% 60.00% 60.00% 60.00% 60.00%<br />
Rental tools 66.28% 66.10% 68.77% 69.43% 68.47% 70.45% 70.00% 69.58% 70.00% 70.00% 70.00% 70.00% 70.00%<br />
Oil & Gas 41.78% 41.95% 45.15% 51.24% 60.90% 63.34% 69.44% 62.50% 68.94% 66.85% 64.38% 64.62% 66.24%<br />
Total 45.05% 48.87% 54.52% 55.78% 54.18% 55.22% 57.61% 55.74% 57.97% 57.96% 57.74% 58.00% 57.92%<br />
SELECTED COMMON-SIZE AMOUNTS (% <strong>of</strong> oilfield service and rental revenue unless otherwise noted)<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> oilfield services 54.72% 50.30% 44.25% 43.70% 46.75% 45.99% 44.48% 45.24% 43.94% 43.53% 43.31% 43.03% 43.44%<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> oil and gas (% <strong>of</strong> oil and gas revenues) 58.22% 58.05% 54.85% 48.77% 39.10% 36.66% 30.56% 37.50% 31.06% 33.15% 35.62% 35.38% 33.76%<br />
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 12.77% 13.60% 11.49% 11.92% 12.98% 14.37% 14.51% 13.48% 14.83% 15.39% 15.86% 15.85% 15.49%<br />
General and administrative 20.97% 21.48% 17.43% 15.61% 15.44% 16.46% 16.75% 16.08% 16.70% 16.80% 16.52% 16.28% 16.57%<br />
Income from operations 14.47% 19.13% 32.80% 34.59% 33.24% 34.77% 36.49% 34.80% 36.52% 35.50% 34.51% 34.95% 35.35%<br />
Interest expense -4.26% -3.33% -2.38% -2.54% -2.43% -2.36% -3.37% -2.69% -3.46% -3.53% -3.53% -3.44% -3.49%<br />
Interest income 0.33% 0.34% 0.48% 0.18% 0.27% 0.23% 0.27% 0.24% 0.27% 0.23% 0.22% 0.20% 0.23%<br />
Income (loss) before income taxes 10.79% 16.15% 30.21% 30.69% 31.42% 33.04% 33.77% 32.28% 33.70% 32.57% 31.55% 32.05% 32.45%<br />
Net income (loss) 6.80% 10.34% 19.48% 19.64% 20.11% 21.61% 21.78% 20.82% 21.73% 21.01% 20.35% 20.67% 20.93%<br />
YEAR TO YEAR CHANGE<br />
Oilfield service and rental revenues 5.5% 24.5% 47.2% 57.4% 52.8% 37.6% 32.4% 44.0% 16.8% 9.9% 12.5% 11.7% 12.6%<br />
Cost <strong>of</strong> oilfield services -0.2% 14.4% 29.5% 52.7% 60.9% 45.8% 33.0% 47.2% 17.5% 2.3% 6.0% 8.1% 8.2%<br />
Depreciation, depletion, amortization and accretion 37.8% 32.6% 24.3% 69.5% 75.9% 73.0% 59.7% 68.9% 45.4% 30.2% 24.2% 22.0% 29.4%<br />
General and administrative 16.6% 27.5% 19.5% 35.1% 34.3% 28.8% 33.6% 32.8% 25.1% 19.5% 12.9% 8.5% 16.1%<br />
Income from operations 13.3% 64.6% 152.3% 107.1% 52.6% 36.9% 37.0% 52.7% 23.4% 17.3% 11.6% 6.9% 14.4%<br />
Income (loss) before income taxes 16.6% 86.3% 175.2% 99.0% 81.0% 33.1% 31.4% 53.8% 28.3% 13.9% 7.4% 6.0% 13.2%<br />
Net income (loss) 17.5% 89.3% 177.4% 99.0% 81.0% 36.1% 29.3% 53.8% 29.3% 14.8% 5.9% 6.0% 13.2%<br />
22
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES INC. (SPN)<br />
Annual and Quarterly Balance Sheets<br />
In thousands<br />
2007 E<br />
2008 E<br />
As <strong>of</strong> 31-Dec-04 A 31-Dec-05 A 31-Dec-06 A 31-Mar A 30-Jun A 30-Sep A 31-Dec E 31-Dec-07 E 31-Mar E 30-Jun E 30-Sep E 31-Dec E 31-Dec-08 E<br />
Assets<br />
Current assets:<br />
Cash and cash equivalents $ 15,281 $ 54,457 $ 38,970 $ 31,986 $ 36,529 $ 63,809 $ 40,750 $ 40,750 $ 42,973 $ 34,001 $ 35,758 $ 32,942 $ 32,942<br />
Accounts receivable - net 156,235 196,365 303,800 327,899 346,200 346,081 369,048 369,048 384,995 378,775 386,387 412,153 412,153<br />
Income tax receivable 2,694<br />
2,630<br />
Current portion <strong>of</strong> notes receivable 9,611 2,364 14,824 15,149 15,254 15,616 15,616 15,616 15,616 15,616 15,616 15,616 15,616<br />
Prepaid insurance and other 28,203 51,116 59,563 49,712 47,139 58,348 62,865 62,865 66,709 70,420 73,965 77,326 77,326<br />
Total current assets 212,024 304,302 419,787 424,746 445,122 483,854 488,280 488,280 510,293 498,811 511,725 538,037 538,037<br />
Property, plant and equipment - net 515,151 534,962 804,228 885,330 958,915 1,032,764 1,112,723 1,112,723 1,180,750 1,246,431 1,309,180 1,368,675 1,368,675<br />
Goodwill - net <strong>of</strong> accumulated amortization 226,593 220,064 444,687 462,231 482,798 475,068 486,148 486,148 497,177 508,205 519,233 530,261 530,261<br />
Note receivable 29,131 29,483 16,137 16,101 16,259 16,364 16,364 16,364 16,364 16,364 16,364 16,364 16,364<br />
Investments in affiliates 14,496<br />
64,603 59,582 60,241 61,282 62,680 62,680 64,082 65,488 66,897 68,309 68,309<br />
Other assets - net <strong>of</strong> accumulated amortization 6,518 8,439 125,036 126,754 134,683 131,754 132,631 132,631 135,093 137,450 139,702 141,848 141,848<br />
Total assets $ 1,003,913 $ 1,097,250 $ 1,874,478 $ 1,974,744 $ 2,098,018 $ 2,201,086 $ 2,298,826 $ 2,298,826 $ 2,403,759 $ 2,472,750 $ 2,563,101 $ 2,663,494 $ 2,663,494<br />
Current liabilities:<br />
Accounts payable $ 36,496 $ 42,035 $ 65,451 $ 74,012 $ 75,456 $ 72,817 $ 74,339 $ 74,339 $ 77,835 $ 72,925 $ 73,854 $ 78,537 $ 78,537<br />
Accrued expenses 56,796 69,926 141,684 130,480 139,902 178,659 161,440 161,440 166,248 166,316 168,300 177,273 177,273<br />
Current maturities <strong>of</strong> long-term debt 11,810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810<br />
Current portion <strong>of</strong> decommissioning liabilities 23,588 14,268 35,150 36,316 36,504 34,884 35,050 35,050 35,220 35,395 35,575 35,760 35,760<br />
Income tax payable / deferred income tax 11,353<br />
23,476 8,857 4,410 4,410 4,410 4,410 4,410 4,410 4,410 4,410<br />
Fair value <strong>of</strong> commodity derivative instruments 2,018 10,792<br />
Total current liabilities 130,708 149,184 243,095 265,094 261,529 291,580 276,049 276,049 284,524 279,857 282,949 296,789 296,789<br />
Deferred income taxes 103,372 97,987 112,011 121,586 122,311 147,784 150,769 150,769 164,981 179,099 192,349 204,586 204,586<br />
Decommissioning liabilities 90,430 107,641 87,046 86,600 86,787 88,791 89,213 89,213 89,647 90,092 90,550 91,020 91,020<br />
Long-term debt 244,906 216,596 711,505 711,613 746,324 711,440 771,035 771,035 801,035 810,630 835,630 855,225 855,225<br />
Other long-term debt<br />
Stockholders' equity:<br />
618 1,468 10,133 13,519 13,989 14,202 17,878 17,878 20,737 23,595 26,454 29,312 29,312<br />
Common stock <strong>of</strong> $.001 par value. 77<br />
79<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
81<br />
Additional paid-in capital 398,073 428,507 411,374 413,441 431,200 433,165 433,165 433,165 433,165 433,165 433,165 433,165 433,165<br />
Accumulated other comprehensive income 2,884 (4,916) 10,288 9,846 12,746 15,942 15,942 15,942 15,942 15,942 15,942 15,942 15,942<br />
Treasury stock (33,800) (33,800) (67,600) (101,400) (135,200) (169,000) (169,000)<br />
Retained earnings 32,845 100,704 288,945 352,964 423,051 498,101 578,495 578,495 661,248 741,688 821,182 906,375 906,375<br />
Total stockholders' equity 433,879 524,374 710,688 776,332 867,078 947,289 993,883 993,883 1,042,836 1,089,476 1,135,170 1,186,563 1,186,563<br />
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 1,003,913 $ 1,097,250 $ 1,874,478 $ 1,974,744 $ 2,098,018 $ 2,201,086 $ 2,298,827 $ 2,298,827 $ 2,403,759 $ 2,472,750 $ 2,563,102 $ 2,663,494 $ 2,663,494<br />
23
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES INC. (SPN)<br />
Annual and Quarterly Balance Sheets<br />
2007 E<br />
2008 E<br />
As <strong>of</strong> 31-Dec-04 A 31-Dec-05 A 31-Dec-06 A 31-Mar A 30-Jun A 30-Sep A 31-Dec E 31-Dec-07 E 31-Mar E 30-Jun E 30-Sep E 31-Dec E 31-Dec-08 E<br />
SELECTED COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET AMOUNTS (% <strong>of</strong> revenues)<br />
Accounts receivable - net 29.63% 29.91% 31.44% 100.61% 99.31% 99.67% 100.00% 26.54% 101.11% 98.91% 98.91% 100.00% 26.31%<br />
Prepaid insurance and other 5.35% 7.79% 6.17% 15.25% 13.52% 16.80% 17.03% 4.52% 17.52% 18.39% 18.93% 18.76% 4.94%<br />
Property, plant and equipment - net 97.69% 81.50% 83.24% 271.66% 275.08% 297.43% 301.51% 80.01% 310.10% 325.49% 335.14% 332.08% 87.37%<br />
Note receivable 5.52% 4.49% 1.67% 4.94% 4.66% 4.71% 4.43% 1.18% 4.30% 4.27% 4.19% 3.97% 1.04%<br />
Accounts payable 6.92% 6.40% 6.77% 22.71% 21.65% 20.97% 20.14% 5.35% 20.44% 19.04% 18.91% 19.06% 5.01%<br />
Accrued expenses 10.77% 10.65% 14.66% 40.04% 40.13% 51.45% 43.74% 11.61% 43.66% 43.43% 43.08% 43.01% 11.32%<br />
SELECTED COMMON SIZE BALANCE SHEET AMOUNTS (% <strong>of</strong> total assets)<br />
Total current assets 21.12% 27.73% 22.39% 21.51% 21.22% 21.98% 21.24% 21.24% 21.23% 20.17% 19.97% 20.20% 20.20%<br />
Property, plant and equipment - net 51.31% 48.75% 42.90% 44.83% 45.71% 46.92% 48.40% 48.40% 49.12% 50.41% 51.08% 51.39% 51.39%<br />
Goodwill - net <strong>of</strong> accumulated amortization 22.57% 20.06% 23.72% 23.41% 23.01% 21.58% 21.15% 21.15% 20.68% 20.55% 20.26% 19.91% 19.91%<br />
Note receivable 2.90% 2.69% 0.86% 0.82% 0.77% 0.74% 0.71% 0.71% 0.68% 0.66% 0.64% 0.61% 0.61%<br />
Other assets - net <strong>of</strong> accumulated amortization 0.65% 0.77% 6.67% 6.42% 6.42% 5.99% 5.77% 5.77% 5.62% 5.56% 5.45% 5.33% 5.33%<br />
Total current liabilities 13.02% 13.60% 12.97% 13.42% 12.47% 13.25% 12.01% 12.01% 11.84% 11.32% 11.04% 11.14% 11.14%<br />
Deferred income taxes 10.30% 8.93% 5.98% 6.16% 5.83% 6.71% 6.56% 6.56% 6.86% 7.24% 7.50% 7.68% 7.68%<br />
Long-term debt 24.40% 19.74% 37.96% 36.04% 35.57% 32.32% 33.54% 33.54% 33.32% 32.78% 32.60% 32.11% 32.11%<br />
Total stockholders' equity 43.22% 47.79% 37.91% 39.31% 41.33% 43.04% 43.23% 43.23% 43.38% 44.06% 44.29% 44.55% 44.55%<br />
24
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES INC. (SPN)<br />
Annual and Quarterly Statements <strong>of</strong> Cash Flows<br />
In thousands<br />
2007 E<br />
2008 E<br />
For the period ended<br />
Cash flows from operating activities:<br />
2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 31-Mar A 30-Jun A 30-Sep A 31-Dec E 2007 E 31-Mar E 30-Jun E 30-Sep E 31-Dec E 2008 E<br />
Net income (loss)<br />
Adjustments:<br />
$ 35,852 $ 67,859 $ 188,241 $ 64,019 $ 70,087 $ 75,050 $ 80,394 $ 289,550 $ 82,754 $ 80,440 $ 79,493 $ 85,193 $ 327,880<br />
Loss (gain) on disposal <strong>of</strong> assets (7,483)<br />
(7,483)<br />
Stock-based compensation 6,159 3,557 2,603 2,835<br />
8,995<br />
Depreciation and amortization 67,337 89,288 111,011 38,844 45,242 49,881 53,560 187,527 56,475 58,927 61,965 65,324 242,691<br />
Deferred income taxes 15,234 442 15,663 5,545 (3,685) 30,599 2,985 35,444 14,212 14,119 13,250 12,236 53,817<br />
Equity in income <strong>of</strong> affiliates (1,329) (1,339) (5,891) 5,006 (1,164) (1,395) (1,398) 1,049 (1,402) (1,405) (1,409) (1,413) (5,629)<br />
Other income 4,700<br />
Write-<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> debt acquisition costs 2,817<br />
Amortization <strong>of</strong> debt acquisition costs<br />
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net<br />
887 1,127 1,321 881 890 898<br />
2,669<br />
Accounts receivable (35,279) (32,095) (88,298) (20,946) (16,328) 2,246 (21,467) (56,495) (14,384) 7,783 (6,050) (24,204) (36,855)<br />
Other - net (9,346) (11,263) 13,892 4,663 9,530 (7,414) (3,014) 3,765 (2,299) (2,124) (1,915) (1,686) (8,024)<br />
Accounts payable 16,142 5,696 7,259 4,007 (680) (4,188) (1,778) (2,639) 766 (7,640) (1,801) 1,952 (6,723)<br />
Accrued expenses 13,866 16,599 43,379 (15,190) 8,000 35,686 (17,219) 11,277 4,808<br />
68 1,983 8,973 15,833<br />
Decomissioning liabilities (9,157) (8,772) (2,255) (478) (746) (1,079) (915) (3,218) (940) (966) (993) (1,020) (3,919)<br />
Income taxes (2,876) 26,137 (13,084) 25,564 (15,174) (4,573)<br />
5,817<br />
Net cash provided by operating activities<br />
Cash flows from investing activities:<br />
91,331 158,379 280,214 115,472 98,575 171,063 91,146 476,256 139,990 149,200 144,524 145,356 579,070<br />
Payments for capital expenditures (74,125) (125,166) (242,936) (83,121) (116,508) (126,239) (110,000) (435,868) (108,967) (108,967) (108,967) (108,967) (435,868)<br />
Acquisitions <strong>of</strong> oil & gas properties, net (10,676) 3,686 (46,631)<br />
<strong>Business</strong>es acquired, net <strong>of</strong> cash acquired (24,361) (6,435) (239,339) (49,758) (29,866)<br />
(30,000) (109,624) (25,000) (25,000) (25,000) (25,000) (100,000)<br />
Cash contributed to equity-investment method (57,781)<br />
Proceeds from sale <strong>of</strong> subsidiary, net <strong>of</strong> cash sold 18,343<br />
1,750 16,350<br />
18,100<br />
Proceeds from sales <strong>of</strong> assets 32,077<br />
Other (1,097) (13,634) 9,585 (396) (208)<br />
8,981<br />
Net cash used in investing activities<br />
Net borrowings from revolving credit facility<br />
Cash flows from financing activities:<br />
(109,162) (96,935) (581,978) (123,294) (145,020) (110,097) (140,000) (518,411) (133,967) (133,967) (133,967) (133,967) (535,868)<br />
Net borrowings (payments) on revolving credit facility 35,000 (35,000) 60,000 60,000 30,000 10,000 25,000 20,000 85,000<br />
Proceeds from long-term debt 695,467<br />
Principal payments on long-term debt (13,713) (39,310) (200,810)<br />
(405)<br />
(405) (810)<br />
(405)<br />
(405) (810)<br />
Debt acquisition costs<br />
Purchase <strong>of</strong> common stock call options<br />
(60) (439) (18,357) (209) 147<br />
(21)<br />
(83)<br />
related to exchangeable notes<br />
Sale <strong>of</strong> common stock warrants related to<br />
(96,000)<br />
exchangeable notes 60,400<br />
Proceeds from issuance <strong>of</strong> stock 130,265<br />
324<br />
324<br />
Tax benefit from exercise <strong>of</strong> stock options 1,429 390 8,553 192<br />
9,135<br />
Purchase and retirement <strong>of</strong> stock (113,438)<br />
(159,999)<br />
(33,800) (33,800) (33,800) (33,800) (33,800) (33,800) (135,200)<br />
Proceeds from exercise <strong>of</strong> stock options 10,271 18,161 2,803 670 7,347 405<br />
8,422<br />
Net cash provided by financing activities 13,325 (21,588) 284,933 851 50,642 (34,100) 25,795 43,188 (3,800) (24,205) (8,800) (14,205) (51,010)<br />
Effect <strong>of</strong> exchange rate changes on cash<br />
Net increase (decrease) in cash<br />
(7) (680) 1,344<br />
(13) 346 414<br />
747<br />
and cash equivalents (4,513) 39,176 (15,487) (6,984) 4,543 27,280 (23,059) 1,780 2,223 (8,972) 1,757 (2,816) (7,808)<br />
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning <strong>of</strong> year 19,794 15,281 54,457 38,970 31,986 36,529 63,809 38,970 40,750 42,973 34,001 35,758 40,750<br />
Cash and cash equivalents at end <strong>of</strong> year 15,281 54,457 38,970 31,986 36,529 63,809 40,750 40,750 42,973 34,001 35,758 32,942 32,942<br />
Cash paid for interest 23,320 21,152 32,295<br />
12,429<br />
13,180 13,511 13,801 14,174 54,666<br />
Cash paid for taxes<br />
Operating cash flow per share<br />
7,360 10,789 100,431<br />
41,263<br />
31,335 30,154 30,502 34,653 126,644<br />
excluding working capital changes<br />
Operating cash flow per share<br />
$ 1.55 $ 2.03 $ 3.93 $ 1.43 $ 1.38 $ 1.82 $ 1.65 $ 6.29 $ 1.87 $ 1.89 $ 1.93 $ 2.05 $ 7.74<br />
including working capital changes $ 1.20 $ 1.99 $ 3.45 $ 1.41 $ 1.19 $ 2.07 $ 1.11 $ 5.79 $ 1.72 $ 1.85 $ 1.82 $ 1.85 $ 7.24<br />
25
<strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN) BURKENROAD REPORTS (www.burkenroad.org) December 6, 2007<br />
SUPERIOR ENERGY SERVICES INC. (SPN)<br />
Ratios<br />
2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 31-Mar A 30-Jun A 30-Sep A 31-Dec E 2007 E 31-Mar E 30-Jun E 30-Sep E 31-Dec E 2008 E<br />
Productivity Ratios<br />
Receivables turnover 3.92 3.72 3.86 1.21 1.20 1.13 1.10 4.78 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.06 4.23<br />
Working capital turnover 7.38 5.55 5.82 1.88 1.73 1.76 1.90 6.95 1.98 1.90 1.86 1.82 7.81<br />
Net fixed asset turnover 1.12 1.25 1.44 0.46 0.44 0.41 0.39 1.68 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.33 1.39<br />
Total asset turnover 0.57 0.62 0.65 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.81 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.68<br />
# <strong>of</strong> days sales in receivables 108 109 115 91 91 92 91 97 91 91 91 91 96<br />
# <strong>of</strong> days cash-based expenses in payables 81 83 122 91 88 103 90 97 90 90 90 90 94<br />
Liquidity measures<br />
Current ratio 1.62 2.04 1.73 1.60 1.70 1.66 1.77 1.77 1.79 1.78 1.81 1.81 1.81<br />
Quick ratio 1.31 1.68 1.41 1.36 1.46 1.41 1.48 1.48 1.50 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.50<br />
Cash ratio 1.31 1.68 1.41 1.36 1.46 1.41 1.48 1.48 1.50 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.50<br />
Cash flow from operations ratio 0.70 1.06 1.15 0.44 0.38 0.59 0.33 1.73 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.49 1.95<br />
Working capital 81,316 155,118 176,692 159,652 183,593 192,274 212,231 212,231 225,769 218,955 228,777 241,248 241,248<br />
Financial Risk (Leverage) Ratios<br />
Total debt/equity ratio 1.31 1.09 1.64 1.54 1.42 1.32 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.27 1.26 1.24 1.24<br />
Debt/equity ratio (excluding deferred taxes) 1.08 0.91 1.48 1.39 1.28 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.07<br />
Total LT debt/equity ratio 1.01 0.81 1.30 1.20 1.12 1.02 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.01 1.01 0.99 0.99<br />
LT debt/equity (excluding deferred taxes) 0.77 0.62 1.14 1.05 0.98 0.86 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.82 0.82<br />
Interest coverage ratio (Earnings = EBIT) 3.53 5.85 13.72 13.08 13.94 15.00 11.03 13.01 10.73 10.23 9.93 10.32 10.30<br />
Interest coverage ratio (Earnings = EBI) 2.60 4.10 9.20 8.73 9.28 10.16 7.47 8.75 7.28 6.95 6.76 7.01 7.00<br />
Total debt ratio 0.57 0.52 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55<br />
Debt ratio (excuding deferred taxes) 0.37 0.33 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>itability/Valuation Measures<br />
Gross pr<strong>of</strong>it margin 45.28% 49.70% 55.75% 56.30% 53.25% 54.01% 55.52% 54.76% 56.06% 56.47% 56.69% 56.97% 56.56%<br />
Operating pr<strong>of</strong>it margin 14.47% 19.13% 32.80% 34.59% 33.24% 34.77% 36.49% 34.80% 36.52% 35.50% 34.51% 34.95% 35.35%<br />
Return on assets 3.90% 6.46% 12.67% 4.10% 4.11% 4.13% 3.85% 16.81% 3.78% 3.52% 3.34% 3.43% 14.14%<br />
Return on equity 8.94% 14.16% 30.48% 9.58% 9.51% 9.30% 9.43% 37.25% 9.10% 8.22% 7.63% 7.81% 33.41%<br />
Earnings before interest and taxes margin 15.05% 19.48% 32.58% 33.23% 33.84% 35.40% 37.14% 34.97% 37.16% 36.10% 35.08% 35.49% 35.94%<br />
EBITDA margin 27.82% 33.09% 44.07% 45.15% 46.82% 49.77% 51.65% 48.45% 51.99% 51.48% 50.95% 51.34% 51.43%<br />
EBITDA/Assets 15.98% 20.67% 28.66% 9.43% 9.56% 9.51% 9.14% 39.11% 9.04% 8.63% 8.35% 8.53% 34.74%<br />
2007 E<br />
26<br />
2008 E
BURKENROAD REPORTS RATING SYSTEM<br />
Market Outperform: This rating indicates that we believe forces are in place that would enable this<br />
company's stock to produce returns in excess <strong>of</strong> the stock market averages over the next 12 months.<br />
Market Perform: This rating indicates that we believe the investment returns from this company’s<br />
stock will be in line with those produced by the stock market averages over the next 12 months.<br />
Market Underperform: This rating indicates that while this investment may have positive<br />
attributes, we believe an investment in this company will produce subpar returns over the next 12<br />
months.<br />
BURKENROAD REPORTS RATING SYSTEM<br />
CPFS is calculated using operating cash flows excluding working capital changes.<br />
All amounts are as <strong>of</strong> the date <strong>of</strong> the report as reported by Bloomberg or Yahoo Finance<br />
unless otherwise noted. Betas are collected from Bloomberg.<br />
Enterprise value is based on the equity market cap as <strong>of</strong> the report date, adjusted for longterm<br />
debt, cash, and short-term investments reported on the most recent quarterly report date.<br />
12-month Stock Performance is calculated using an ending price as <strong>of</strong> the report date.<br />
The stock performance includes the 12-month dividend yield.<br />
2007-2008 COVERAGE UNIVERSE<br />
AFC Enterprises Inc. (AFCE) McMoRan Exploration Co. (MMR)<br />
Amerisafe Inc. (AMSF) MidSouth Bancorp Inc. (MSL)<br />
Callon Petroleum Company (CPE) NATCO Group Inc. (NTG)<br />
Cal-Maine Foods Inc. (CALM) Parkway Properties Inc. (PKY)<br />
Carbo Ceramics Inc. (CRR) PetroQuest Energy Inc. (PQ)<br />
CLECO Corporation (CNL) Pool Corporation (POOL)<br />
Conn’s Inc. (CONN) Powell Industries Inc. (POWL)<br />
Craftmade International Inc. (CRFT) Rollins Incorporated (ROL)<br />
Crown Crafts Inc. (CRWS) RPC Incorporated (RES)<br />
EastGroup Properties Inc. (EGP) Sally Beauty Holdings (SBH)<br />
Energy Partners Ltd. (EPL) Sanderson Farms Inc. (SAFM)<br />
EnergySouth Inc. (ENSI) SEACOR Holdings Inc. (CKH)<br />
First M&F Corporation (FMFC) Shaw Group Inc. (SGR)<br />
Frozen Food Express (FFEX) Stone Energy Corp. (SGY)<br />
Gulf Island Fabrication Inc. (GIFI) <strong>Superior</strong> Energy Services Inc. (SPN)<br />
Hibbett Sports Inc. (HIBB) Team Incorporated (TMI)<br />
Hornbeck Offshore Services Inc. (HOS) Teche Holding Company (TSH)<br />
IBERI<strong>AB</strong>ANK Corp. (IBKC) Tuesday Morning Corp. (TUES)<br />
ION Geophysical Corp. (IO) W&T Offshore (WTI)<br />
Marine Products Corp. (MPX) Willbros Group Inc. (WG)<br />
Peter Ricchiuti Pamela Shaw Karla Timmons<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> Research Senior Director <strong>of</strong> Accounting Abe Topham<br />
BURKENROAD REPORTS BURKENROAD REPORTS Associate Directors <strong>of</strong> Research<br />
<strong>Tulane</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>Tulane</strong> <strong>University</strong> BURKENROAD REPORTS<br />
New Orleans, LA 70118-5669 New Orleans, LA 70118-5669 <strong>Tulane</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
(504) 862-8489<br />
(504) 865-5033<br />
New Orleans, LA 70118-5669<br />
(504) 865-5430 Fax<br />
(504) 865-5430 Fax<br />
(504) 862-8489<br />
Peter.Ricchiuti@tulane.edu pshaw@tulane.edu (504) 865-5430 Fax
Named in honor <strong>of</strong> William B. Burkenroad Jr., an alumnus and a longtime supporter <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Tulane</strong>’s business school, and funded through contributions from his family and friends,<br />
BURKENROAD REPORTS is a nationally recognized program, publishing objective, high<br />
quality investment research reports on public companies in our region. Students at <strong>Tulane</strong><br />
<strong>University</strong>’s A. B. <strong>Freeman</strong> <strong>School</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Business</strong> prepare these reports.<br />
Alumni <strong>of</strong> the BURKENROAD REPORTS program are employed at a number <strong>of</strong> highly respected<br />
financial institutions including: <strong>AB</strong>N AMRO Bank (Chicago), Aegis Value Fund (New York), AG<br />
Edwards & Co. (St. Louis), AIM Capital Management (Houston), Alpha Omega Capital Partners<br />
(Richmond), American General Investment Management (Houston), Banc <strong>of</strong> America Securities<br />
(Charlotte, Houston-New York-Dallas-San Francisco), Bancomer (Mexico City), BankOne Capital<br />
(Dallas, New Orleans) Barclays Capital (New York), Barings PLC (Budapest), Bear Stearns<br />
(Dallas, New York), Bearing Point (Alexandria), Bessemer Trust (New York), Blackrock Financial<br />
Management (New York), Boston Consulting Group (Prague) Burnham Securities (Houston),<br />
Cadaret, Grant, and Co., California Board <strong>of</strong> Regents (San Francisco), Cambridge Associates<br />
(Boston), Capital Management (New York), CBA Securities (Stamford), Cadaret, Grant & Co.<br />
(Syracuse),Central Bank <strong>of</strong> Turkey, Chaffe & Assoc. (New Orleans) CIBC/Oppenheimer (New<br />
Delhi-New York), Citadel Investment Group (Chicago), Citibank (Jakarta-New York-Stamford),<br />
Citigroup Private Bank (New York) City National Bank (Cleveland), Cornerstone Resources<br />
(New York) Credit Suisse First Boston (Boston, Dallas, Houston, New York), Dain Rauscher<br />
Wessels (Austin, San Francisco), Deutsche Banc Alex Brown (Houston-New York), Duquesne<br />
Capital Management (New York) Entrust (New York), Financial Models Inc. (New York), First<br />
Albany (Albany, Houston), Fiduciary Trust (New York), Fitch Investors Services (New York),<br />
FleetBoston (Boston), Forex Trading (New York), Franklin Templeton (San Mateo), Fulcrum<br />
Global Partners (New York), Gintel Asset Management (New York), Goldman Sachs (Houston,<br />
London, Memphis, New York, San Francisco), Gomez Advisors (Boston), Grosever Funds<br />
(Washington D.C.), Gruntal & Co., (New York), GunnAllen Financial (New York) H & R Block<br />
Financial (Austin), Hancock Investment Services (Baton Rouge), Hanifen Imh<strong>of</strong>f Inc. (Denver),<br />
Healthcare Markets Group (Houston), Hibernia Southcoast Capital (Houston, New Orleans),<br />
Howard Frazier Barker Elliott, Inc., (Houston) Howard Weil Labouisse Friedrichs (New Orleans),<br />
Innovus (New Orleans) Invesco (Denver), J.P. Morgan Chase Securities (Houston, New York),<br />
J. W. Genesis (Boca Raton), Jefferies & Co. (Dallas, Houston, London, New Orleans), Johnson<br />
Rice & Co. (New Orleans), KBC Financial (New York), Keystone Investments (Boston), Knight<br />
Securities (Jersey City), Legacy Capital (New Orleans), Lehman Brothers (Chicago, Houston,<br />
New York), Liberty Mutual (Boston), McDonald Investments (Cleveland), Mercer Partners<br />
(New York), Merrill Lynch (New York), Miramar Asset Management (San Francisco), Morgan<br />
Keegan (Memphis), Morgan Stanley (New York), Needham & Co. (New York), New York Stock<br />
Exchange (New York), Oppenheim Bank (Cologne, Germany) Pheonix Capital (San Francisco),<br />
Piper Jaffray & Co. (Minneapolis) Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Advisory Services (Vero Beach), Quarterdeck<br />
Investment Services (Washington, D. C.), RBC Dominion Securities (Houston, Atlanta), Raymond<br />
James (St. Petersburg, Florida), Related Companies (New York), Restoration Capital (New York)<br />
S. G. Cowen & Co. (New York-San Francisco), Salomon Smith Barney (London-New York, New<br />
Orleans), Sanford Bernstein & Co. (New York), Second City Trading LLC (Chicago), Scudder<br />
Kemper Investments, (New York), Simmons & Co. (Houston), Smith Barney (San Francisco),<br />
SWS Securities (Dallas), Spear, Leeds & Kellogg (New York), Stewart Capital LLC (New<br />
Orleans), Susquehanna Investment Group (Chicago), Thomas Weisel Partners (San Francisco),<br />
TD Securities (New York), Tanaka Capital Management (New York), Texas Employee Retirement<br />
System (Austin), The GulfStar Group (Houston), Tivoli Partners (New York), Turner Investment<br />
Partners (Philadelphia), UBS PaineWebber (New York), UBS Warburg (New York), Value Line<br />
Investments (New York), Vardon Capital (New York), Vilquest, Inc. (Mandeville), Wachovia<br />
Securities (Charlotte, Houston, New Orleans, Palm Beach, San Francisco), Wells Fargo Capital<br />
Management (San Francisco) Whitney National Bank (New Orleans) and William Blair & Co.<br />
(Chicago) Zephyr Management (New York).<br />
To receive complete reports on any <strong>of</strong> the companies we follow, contact:<br />
Peter Ricchiuti, Founder & Director <strong>of</strong> Research<br />
<strong>Tulane</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
A.B. <strong>Freeman</strong> <strong>School</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Business</strong><br />
BURKENROAD REPORTS<br />
Phone: (504) 862-8489<br />
Fax: (504) 865-5430<br />
E-mail: Peter.Ricchiuti@<strong>Tulane</strong>.edu<br />
Please visit our web site at www.burkenroad.org<br />
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