Thesis submitted 23-03-2012.pdf - University of Limpopo ...

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functionalized sample. A new absorption peak of 535 nm was recorded for the nanoparticle/porphyrin phase. A clear magnetic behaviour was established from the two different samples (coated and functionalised samples) using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. No long-range cooperative behaviour is evident anywhere from room temperature down to 2 K, which attests to a characteristic length of the scale of the Fe-magnetic agglomeratios on the nano-scale. Being especially prone to intrinsic ferromagnetic ordering, any impurity form of Fe or macro-scale Fe aggregates would impart a very large and easily identifiable magnetic signal. Such a reponse was completely absent from these studies and hence testifies to the homogeneity quality of the materials under investigation. KEY WORDS: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, porphyrins, magnetites, maghemite, crystalinity, magnetic seeds, nanoparticles, iv
DECLARATION I, Eshilokun Adeolu. O declare that the thesis “Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetic Studies of Porphyrins with thiolated Side Chains for Functionalization of Paramagnetic Iron Oxide-Gold, Core-Shell Nanoparticles hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Gauteng, South Africa for the degree of PhD, Organic Chemistry has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university; that it is my work in design and in execution, and that all materials contained herein has been duly acknowledged. ……………….. ….. ..………………. A. O. Eshilokun Date Student Number: 200818377 v
Page 1 and 2: Synthesis, Characterization and Kin
Page 3: and spherical in shape with an aver
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It gives me a grea
Page 9 and 10: I wish to also express my profound
Page 11 and 12: shown by the kind of friends he cho
Page 13 and 14: Bros. Afis, Rasaq and Musiliu as we
Page 15 and 16: MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging FFs
Page 17 and 18: Table of Schemes xvii 1 Synthesis o
Page 19 and 20: 30 (b) Spectra showing the aromatic
Page 21 and 22: Table of equations 3 S* + 3 O2 10 5
Page 23 and 24: 1.10 Improvements for PDT 31 1.10.1
Page 25 and 26: 3.3.11 Magnetic properties of iron
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 7 References 177 Appendix x
Page 29 and 30: Paper Presented: Synthesis and Char
Page 31 and 32: 1.4 Palliative chemotherapy Palliat
Page 33 and 34: of heat, is also being studied for
Page 35 and 36: the radiation delivery method, seve
Page 37 and 38: 1.7.1 Cryosurgery During this type
Page 39 and 40: 1.7.8 Stereotactic Surgery The proc
Page 41 and 42: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), matured
Page 43 and 44: 1.8.2.1 General properties of a pho
Page 45 and 46: 1.8.2.2 Selectivity of PDT Action o
Page 47 and 48: Enhancement of the efficacy of PDT
Page 49 and 50: either direct, when light is used a
Page 51 and 52: porphyrin when it absorbs light of
Page 53 and 54: 1.9.5 Summary of Mechanism of Actio
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pure single compounds that exhibit
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R R N H N N H N R R HO OH 5 6 7 Fig
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should be destroyed with either lit
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addition, several light delivery sy
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International Photodyamics, 1(2), 1
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PDT Laser Light Delivery Systems In
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1.12.1 Texaphyrins Texaphyrins are
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to 15:1. Texaphyrins are soluble in
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photosensitiser Lu-Tex was synthesi
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use as a photosensitiser. The first
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C H 2 C H 2 + NH3 - CO2 - CO2 H2C O
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H 3C H3C CH2 HC CH2 CH2 NH N N HN C
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(BOPP). The compound was selectivel
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compared to healthy brain. 57 This
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more chemotherapy regimens and all
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eliminating macrophages and smooth
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combination of ranibizumab or pegap
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100 times lower due to the superior
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States Food and Drug Administration
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The estimated results of 1995 showe
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possess equal hydrophilicity and hy
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photosensitivity is an important is
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most famous as components of hemogl
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1.18.2 Meso steric interactions Whe
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5,10,15,20-tetramethylporphyrin 28,
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unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO
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These strategies caused a red shift
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delivery. Magnetic core - shell typ
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Chapter 3 3.1 Literature Review In
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Recently a methodology was develope
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earing one or two meso substituents
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Although aminomethyl-dipyrromethane
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high level of scrambling is observe
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A new procedure for the preparation
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2,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde (stericall
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N H (1) RHC=O (2) Acid (3) DDQ R R
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eversibility is not a prerequisite
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(6) is isolated in 60 % yield follo
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surfaces. Among magnetic nanopartic
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there is significant interest in de
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detection technologies. However, it
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which arises from the coupling of m
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principal advantage of the micro em
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The overall reaction may be written
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specific manner. 177 A scheme showi
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higher than for the uncoated partic
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Table 5: Comparison of different ch
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Figure 25: Internalisation of magne
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Figure 26: Nanoparticle systems for
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Magnetization field strength parame
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y strong magnetic dipole-dipole att
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The coatings on magnetic nanopartic
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3.4.4 The toxicity of Nanoparticles
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4.3 Materials for nanoparticle synt
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4.9 Synthesis of Thiolated Porphyri
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16 hrs. The mixture was cooled to a
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was collected, dried over calcium c
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4.14 Preparation of Iron Oxide-Gold
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4.15 Immobilization of the Porphyri
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appearance of 1 H singlet peak at
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Figure 31 (c): Expanded spectrum of
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Figure 32 (c): Expanded spectrum of
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5.1.5 Compound 86 NMR All attempts
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was 420 nm while 526 nm was recorde
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Conc. (molL -1 ) 0.0020 0.0015 0.00
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5.2.5 Rate order of the reaction Th
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to the gold surface through a thiol
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Figure 42: IR spectrum of Compound
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Figure 45 (b): IR spectrum of funct
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the uncoated iron oxide nanoparticl
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5.5.1 Atomic force microscopy The g
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Temperature (K) Temperature (K) Fig
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Conclusively therefore, a clear mag
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CHAPTER 6 6.1 Discussion and Conclu
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6.5 Characterization 6.5.1 TEM and
Page 205 and 206:
NMR, UV-Visble and IR spectrometers
Page 207 and 208:
17. B. W. Henderson and T. J. Dough
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49. Henderson B. W, Bellnier D. A,
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(e) Lai T. Y, Chan W. M, Li H, Liu
Page 213 and 214:
103. Littler B. J, Miller M. A, Hun
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135. Nishimaki K., Yamamoto T.A., N
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172. Kim D.K., Zhang Y., Voit W., R
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206. Yeh T.C., Zhang W., Ldstad S.T
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243. Ambrose D.L. and Fritz J.S. Jo
Page 223:
APPENDIX I
Page 234:
APPENDIX III
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