Thesis submitted 23-03-2012.pdf - University of Limpopo ...

The estimated results of 1995 showed that by 1999 after 4 years, the
increase in cancer cases may be very high (1,221,800 new cases which
are expected to be diagnosed in United States only) with an increase in
cancer death excluding basal and squamous cell skin cancers, breast
carcinoma in situ melanoma and carcinoma. Among men, the most
common cancers in 1999 were expected to be cancers of the prostrate,
lung and bronchus, and colon and rectum. Among women, the three
cancers expected to be the most highly diagnosed were breast, lung and
bronchus, and colon and rectum. It was estimated that there will be more
than 12 million new cancer cases in 2007 worldwide, of which 5.4 million
would occur in economically developed countries and 6.7 million in
economically developing countries. The corresponding estimates for total
cancer deaths in 2007 were 7.6 million (about 20,000 cancer deaths a day),
2.9 million in economically developed countries and 4.7 million in
economically developing countries. By 2050, the global burden is expected
to grow to 27 million new cancer cases and 17.5 million cancer deaths
simply due to the growth and aging population. 81a In economically
developed countries, the three most commonly diagnosed cancers are
prostate, lung, bronchus, colorectal among men breast, colorectal and lung
and bronchus among women. In economically developing countries, the
three most common diagnosed cancers are lung and bronchus, stomach
and liver in men, and breast, cervix uteri, and stomach in women. In both
economically developed and developing countries, the three most common
cancer sites are also the three leading causes of cancer deaths. 81b
1.16 Photosensitiser Amphilicity in PDT
1.16.1 Pharmacokinetics
Fig.12 shows a schematic representation of the membrane bi-layer
showing the two layers. The aliphatic portion of the membrane is
hydrophobic while the ionic portion is hydrophilic. All cellular organelles
such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasmic reticulum are
surrounded by such a membrane. Entry of extracellular substances into
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