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This report_ is an ofFicial cloeument preparec
unuer contract 1,C.I.V-?Or t ho:nature Conservancy
Council and the t.a.tural Lhvironr.ent Peaearch
Council. It sh iLC rot 1H queterl.without
UerrUision from both the Institute of
Terrestrial FccaJoe-y me the 'citture Conservancy
Council.

I.
INSTITUTEOF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
(NATURAL ENVIRONMENTRESEARCH COUNCIL)
NCC/NERC CONTRACT F3/03/80
ITE PROJECT 466
Fourth Interim Report to Nature ConservancyCouncil
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BRITISH RAIL PROPERTY
CAROLINE SARGENT & J 0 MOUNTFORD
Monks Wood ExperimentalStation
Abbots Ripton
Huntingdon
Cambs March 1980

mon moon man

SUKMARY
The background of the work is briefly reviewed and the current year
introduced (Section 1).
The survey has been stratified. In the absence of suitable alternatives,
a polythetic classification of BR land was based on geographic attributes.
The resulting classes provided strata which were used to sample London
__Midland Region and on which analysis.for_all_Regions will be based. Some _
preliminary comparisons using information from Southern and Western Regions,
shows that correlations exist between track and vegetation classes.
During the field season, 192 sites in the London Midland Region were
visited. Files were opened for 44 of these which were considered to be of
particular biological interest. Bryophyte and soil invertebrate
investigations were begun during 1979, and these investigations are discussed
together with the records for vascular plants and other animals.
Classification and analysis of London Midland Region vegetation data will be
done during 1981, in conjunction with information from all other Regions.
The work is briefly assessed, and areas where further attention is
required are considered.

a a S a a - a - - a a S a a - - a - a

CONTENTS
SUISLARY
1_ INTRODUCTION
1.1 The scope of the survey 1
1.2 The current year 1
2 BRITISH RAIL STRATIFICATION 2
Page
2.1 Introduction 2
2.2 Methods 2
2.2.1 Attributes
2.2.2 Classification 5
2.3 Results 7
2.3.1 Track mileage 7
2.3.2 Classification 7
2.3.3 Track classes 9
2.3.4 Sampling proportions 20
2.4 Comparison of vegetation and track classifications 20
3 THE LONDON MIDLAND REGION 24
3.1 Information collection 24
3.1.1 Random site selection 24
3.1.2 The vegetation key 24
3.1.3 Sites of Biological Interest 27
3.2 Vascular plants 27
3.3 Bryophytes 35
3.4 Animal data 39
3.4.1 Introduction 39
3.4.2 Birds 39
3.4.3 Other vertebrates 43
3.4.4 Field observed invertebrates 43
3.4.5 Soil invertebrates 43

4 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK
Page
4.1 Field work 49
4.2 Stratification and classification 49
4.3 1981 50 I.
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 51 1
6 REFERENCES
52
I.
APPENDIX 1 Random sites, 1979
2 Biological Interest survey sites, 1979
3 Biological Interest sites, 1978.
4 Biological Interest sites, 1979
MAPS Stratification of BR land
Sites visited in the LMR
LUR Soils
LMR Geology
LMR Topography
' 53
separately bound
separately bound
In back pocket
In back pocket
In back pocket
ln back pocket
In back pocket
TABLES 2.1 BR land classification 6
2.2 Preferential attributes
2.3 Sampling efficiency of the post-hoc 19
BR stratification
2.4 S and WR track and vegetation classes 2 1
arrayed with respect to first axis RA
ordination scores
2.5 S and WR track and undisturbed vegetation 22
classes arrayed with respect to first
axis RA ordination scores
3.1 Division of sampling effort amongst
occurring in the LMR
- 3.2 Vascular plant species found on LMR
1979
3.3 Bryophytes recorded from LMR during
3.4 Bird species seen on BR land during
survey
3.5 Other vertebrate species
3.6 Species list of insects recorded in
during 1979 survey
3.7 Species list of other invertebrates
on BR property during 1979 survey
3.8 Soil invertebrates
strata. 25
during 29
1979 -36
1979 41
42
the field 44
recorded 46
FIGURES 1 Vegetation Key 26
2 Animal recording proforma 40
48
1

1 INTRODUCTION
1
April 1979 to March 1980 has been the fourth year of a five and a half year
contract between the NCC and ITE, aimed at describing the structure and
distribution of ecosystems occurring on British Rail land. The work was
initiated_because recent.radical changes.in railway verge management andtrack
usage have almost certainly involved profound alterations in
vegetation structure and composition, and, consequently, in the kinds of
habitat provided. It is recognised that semi-natural, ungrazed and now
only sporadically managed railway verges provide a useful refuge and
migration corridor for both plant and animal species; but there is little
documentation for the kinds, numbers and distribution of species involved,
and even less information about the effects of change.
1.1 The scope of the survey
\
A detailed discussion of why and how the railway survey was begun is given
in the First Interim Report (Way & Sheail 1977), where a general description
of changing permanent way management practices will also be found.
After an exploratory field season (1976), the survey was designed to allow a
single year to examine each of the five British Rail Regions, with the
exception that Southern and Western Regions, with lower track mileages,
be combined. During 1977, Eastern Region was surveyed (Way, Sheail &
Mountford 1978), whilst 1978 was spent looking at Southern and Western Regions
(Sargent 4 Mountford 1979), and the field work described in this report was
carried out on the London Midland Region in 1979. It is planned to survey
Scottish Region during 1980, and to combine.and analyse information from all
Regions prior to preparing the final report during 1981.
1.2 The current year
Much of the desk work during the current year was concerned with the design,
introduction and testing of a stratification system. The results are
discussed in Section 2.
Section 3 describes the survey of London Midland Region, whilst some general
conclusions are drawn and areas for future attention outlined in Section 4.

2 BRITISH RAIL STRATIFICATION
2.1 Introduction
2
In order to increase the precision of estimates derived from samples, it was
decided to stratify the random sampling of British Rail land. Introduction
of a stratified sampling system had initially been discarded because
suitable and practicable divisions were not readily available. Ideally, a
-- stratification of.British.Rail land should reflect'local disturbance, — --drainage,
and pH patterns. These are the factors most closely linked with
vegetation structure and distribution (Sargent & Mountford 1979), but
information at the required scale to make this practicable does not exist.
Amongst the alternatives considered was the division of the system into
component engineering structures, ie cuttings, embankments and flats. This
possible stratification proved unsatisfactory because of the relative size
(smallness) and heterogeneity of many of the features. Aspect of the verges
might also have been used, although most cuttings and embankments have
paired opposing slopes within their structure, and show an orientation of
= 1800 between formations, making the system too complex to provide
practicable strata. .
Other ideas discussed were discarded for comparable reasons of accuracy,
scale, relevance and practicability. Adjacent land use is sometimes, but
not always, influential, whilst varying track usage may elicit varying kinds
of management; trees are likely to be cleared more rigorously where overhead
electrification occurs. Because of the engineered origin of the Verges,
mapped soil, drift and geological characteristics are often too locally
inconsistent to be of use, whilst climate and topography provide valuable
strata only at a broad regional level. Although individually unsuitable,
it was considered that a combination of such characters might define relevant
and homogeneous strata.
Following Bunce, Morrel and Stel (1975), it was decided to make a polythetic
classification of selected climatic, edaphic and influential characteristics.
Derived classed would be used as strata and would enable a stratified
distribution of future random samples. Already completed sampling would be
ascribed to the stratification post-hoc.
2.2 Methods
The original method (Bunce, Morrel & Stel 1975) was designed to produce a
national land classification based on a grid of 10 km sqaures. It was
necessary to modify this procedure to accommodate the linear environment and
other particular characteristics of British Rail. An outline of the derived
method was given in the previous interim report (Sargent & Mountford 1979)
and will be mentioned only briefly here (2.2.2). The classification
attributes used, however, were not as originally proposed, and are therefore
described in more detail.

2.2.1 Attributes
The selection of attributes involved considerable discussion and only
those characters thought likely to have a recognisable effect on
vegetation (and hence habitat) were chosen:
a. Track Type
The type of track influences vegetation.as management and other
forms of disturbance vary with railway usage. The following
attributes were drawn from regional maps made available by British
Rail.
b. Topography
Single
Multiple
Narrow gauge
Electrified
Height above sea level was considered a useful character. The
information was drawn from The Atlas of Britain and Northern
Ireland (Oxford University Press 1963), and was weighted towards
lower altitudes where the majority of railway lines occur.

f. Drift
5
Drift was read directly from the 1:625 000 Geological Drift maps
of Great Britain. The following attributes were recorded.
g. Solid geology
Alluvium
Lowland peat
Blown sand
Brick earth
River and marine gravel
Head
Glacial gravel
Boulder clay
Plateau gravel
Clay and flints
Hill peat
Drift free
Information was drawn from the 1:625 000 solid geological map of
Great Britain. The geological strata mapped were variously combined
to produce the following shortened list:
Pre-Cambrian
Igneous extrusive
Igneous intrusive
Metamorphic
Slates(Cambrian)
Limestones etc
:X
T,R,A,S,B
G,F,H,D,E,
G,B
a
Ordovician and Silurian bl-b7
Carboniferous and Magnesian d2,e2.e4
Oolites,chalk andcornbrash
Sandstones
Old Red (Devonian) cl-c3
New Red (Permian) e3,e5
Bunter,etc(Triassic) fl-f6
Greensand h3-h4, h2
Other beds (Eocene) i4-i7
Coal measures d4-d6
Clays etc
Lias gl-g4
Oxford, Kimmeridge glO&g14
London i3
Norwich 1
Other (Oligocene&Pliocene) i8-i12,k,kl, hl
2.2.2. Classification
. g5-g9, h5
The procedure was to divide the entire British Rail network into measured,
and subsequently numbered, ten mile units. Attributes or characters were
recorded for each rural unit, and the unit classified, with resnect to its
score, by'Indicator Species Analysis (Hill, Bunce & Shaw 1975). The ISA
was taken to five levels of division producing 32 classes. Classes having
fewer than 15.members were subsequently amalgamated with their closest relation
(provided this could be done within the fifth division) to produce
groups of more comparable size for statistical and analytical purposes.
Vu
1
1
1
I.

.IMOOil
101111119111111011411111111.11M11111111111111111a0111111118
. 14 Rough pasture,heat
'15 Marsh
16 Salt marsh
20

7
The derived classes provided strata. Previous years samples were
ascribed, by location, to particular strata, and the selection of sites
in London Midland Region (Chapter 3) was based, proportionally, on the
derived divisions.
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Track mileage
Of the 1127 ten-mile rail units recognised, 899 were considered rural
(giving an approximate length of 9000 miles) and were scored for the
purposes of this investigation. From previous estimates of British
Rail acreage (Messenger 1968; Way & Sheail 1977), it can be calculated
. that land associated with rural lines (but not including the track)
occupies some 146 000 acres (± 34 000), whilst urban holdings account -
for 37 500 acres (t 14 000).*
2.3.2 Classification
The classification derived from ISA has been mapped (Map 1, cover pocket),
and the dichotomies through which it was obtained are given.
Amalgamation to produce statistically compatible terminal groups led to
a total of 25 stratification classes (Table 2.1, Map 1). Preferential
attributes have been defined for the classes and are tabulated (Table
2.2) with respect to the first axis of Reciprocal Averaging Ordination
(Hill 1973). They suggest the importance of particular climatic and
geological characters in the classification and indicate relationships
between geographically disparate classes.
The initial division of the ISA separated southern, midland and coastal
railway lines, from those occurring in the wetter, colder upland areas
of the north and west. On the negative (southern) side of the
dichotomy, mesozoic and more recent rocks including chalk and oolites,
together with the absence of glacial drift, were important; palaeozoic,
igneous and intrusive rocks were preferential on the positive side.
Soil, altitude and climatic attributes separated in.an expected manner,
about the basic north:south dichotomy; railway type and adjacent land.
use characters were not particularly relevant at this level of division.
At the next stage, the selected attributes separated lines in the
Midlands and East Anglia from those covering the greater part of
southern England; differentiation was also made between the high
igneous and metamorphic areas of Scotland, England and Wales, and the
milder more lowland parts of the north. Subsequent division continued
and defined these trends, with local rather than regional, attributes
playing an increasingly important role.
When field work is.completed and measured widths available for sites
in.all regions, it will become possible to give a more precise
estimate of acreage.
Li

Table 2.2. Preferential Attributes.
8
Attributes
Class 62 38 43 28 37 23 81 68 14 61 10 30 57 50 35
1 * *
3 * * * * *
6 * *
10 * * *
5 * * *
7 * * * *
9 * * * *
. 14 * * * *
13 * * * * *
8 * * *
12 * * * *
4 * * * * *
11 * * * *
20 * * * * * * * * *
17 * * * * * * *
18 * * * * .* * *
19 * * * * * *
15 * * * * * * *
16 * * * * * * *
24 * * * * * * * *
25 * * * * *.
21 * * * * * *
23 * * * * * * so
22 * * * * * *
Key to Attributes:
10 > = 400' asl
14 Heath, rough pasture
23

2.3.3 Track classes
Class 1 South-Eastern Lowlands
Estimated acreage: 11 500 ± 800
Preferential attributes: Chalk, oolites and cornbrash
hours bright sunshine, July
Well drained calcareous soils

10
All four qouthern British Rail Regions are represented in this group,
and the lines are electrified in some areas.
Class 4 South-Western
Estimated acreage: 6500 ± 600
Preferential attributes: >=6.0 hours bright sunshine July

11
This is another combined class in which 2 small end groups (one on
Romney Marsh, monotypic) have been put together for statistical
purposes.
The combination seems sensible, since all units are coastal, occur
below 25' asl, and are characterised by blown sand, dunes, salt marsh
and rild climates. Soils, where developed are alluvial, or, more
rarely stagnogley.
Units occur in Southern, Western and Eastern Regions on a variety of
track types.
Class 7 South Midlands
Estimated acreage: 11 400 ± 780
Preferential attributes: Chalk, oolites and cornbrash
Well drained calcareous siols
400' as].
This is a large class occupying a considerable area in central and
eastern England, with lines administered by Eastern, Western and London
Midland Regions.
Although still predominantly southern, the climate is less mild than
previous groups. The topography is slightly elevated (200'-300' asl),
and there is a strong geological association with chalk and Jurassic
limestones. The lower Lias and Oxford and Kimmeridge clays are also
well represented. The soils developed are generally calcareous but
have varied structural and drainage patterns. Boulder clay is the
most widespread drift, although gravels are locally important.
Class 8 Midlands
Estimated acreage: 11 400 S 810
Preferential attributes: Chalk, oolites and cornbrash
Boulder clay
Coal measures
Heath and rough pasture
This is another large group gradually replacing Class 7 northwards, but
with a rather more scattered distribution. Focal areas occur in upland
East Anglia and on the Cheshire Plain, and there is an outlier to the
west of Carlisle.
The.climate is generally less sunny than in the previous class, and
there is a distinct trend towards non-calcareous Triassic rocks
'(including especially Bunter sandstone and Keuper marl). However, some
intermediate units with chalk are retained in East Anglia, where
comparably, calcareous soils also occur. Elsewhere stagnogleys and
non-calcareous blown soils are more typical.
The lines are mainly multiple and are -administeredby Eastern, Western.
and the London .Midland Regions.'
There is considerable reason to suspect that this class would be
improved by subdivision.

1
1
12
Class 9 Central Eastern Lowlands
Estimated acreage: 4500 ± 510
Preferential attributes: Chalk, oolites and cornbrash
Well drained calcareous soils
Boulder clay

13
This is largely a coal measures group, although some Bunter and Keuper
deposits occur, and a few intermediates with the following class (12)
are found on Carboniferous limestone. Drift characters are varied
and include boulder clay, alluvium and gravels. The soils, however,
arc more uniform, and are generally stagnogley or non-calcareous brown
soils of a loamy or clayee type.
Class 12 Northern Limestone and Sandstone
Estimated acreage: 6800 ± 620
Preferential attributes: Well drained calcareous soils

Class 14 Lancashire Plain
14
Estimated acreage: 2400 ± 360
Preferential attributes:

15
This group is widely dispersed and includes almost all the South Wales
mining valleys, areas in the Marches and Derbyshire and parts of the
Southern Uplands of Scotland.
Its;members are restricted to Carboniferous rocks, generally coal
measures, and are further grouped by possession of poorly &rained
acidic soils. Boulder clay is the most abundant drift.
The climate is wet, but sunshine hours and snow lie vary widely with
altitude. There are a considerable number of single track lines in
this group, and members fall into all British Rail administrative
Regions except Southern.
Class 17 Midland Hills
Estimated acreage: 5500 ± 540
Preferential attributes: 400' asl

Class 19 Scottish lowlands
16
Estimated acreage: 9100 ± 980
Preferential attributes: Boulder clay
Coal measures
Heath and rough pasture
Carboniferous and Magnesian

17
This class is confined to the north of Scotland where dt occurs in
coastal and lower lying areas.
Old red sandstones, metamorphic, and igneous intrusive rock are the
important geological strata, and these are typically overlain by
boulder clay, over gravels or allivium.. Much of the soil is
podsolised, although gleys and organic (peaty) soils are also
characteristic.
The climate is generally cold with moderately long snow lie, although
the figure for sunshine hours varies considerably between east and
west coasts. The lines are all administered by Scottish Region, and
a large proportion are single track.
Class 22 Low Highlands
Estimated acreage: 2700 ± 460
Preferential attributes: Boulder clay
Meath and rough pasture
>400' asl
400' asl .

1
1
1
1
1
1
18
Acid brown and organic soils, gleys, podzols and raw peat are all
characteristic of these cold, wet upland areas.
There are single, multiple and electrified tracks in this class which
has areas administered by all three northern Regions of British Rail.
Class 24 Welsh and South-Western Uplands
Estimated acreage: 2900 ± 440
- Preferential attributes: 400' asl

19
Table 2.3. Sampling proportionsof the post-hoc British Rail stratification.
Class Members Sample% in sample
1 71 30 42
2 40 19 48
3 32 12 38
4 40 18 45
5 28 14 50
6 6 2 33
7 70 36 51
8 70 39 56
9 28 23 82
10 33 14 42
11 51 15
12 42 16
13 29 16 55
14 15 10 67
15 51 26
16 36 13
17 35 17 49
18 28 4
19 56 10
20 16 9
21 26
22 24
23 38 9
24 18 8 44
25 16 2
The riglithand column shows the proportion of sites sampled in each of
the classification strata. Incomplete rows have class members in
Scottish Region which is yet to be sampled.

2.3.4 Sampling proportions
20
Eastern, Southern and Western Region random samples, which were all
ascribed post-hoc to stratification classes have been tabulated with
the stratified London Midland Region survey to show the percentage of
units sampled within each class (Table 2.3).
A minimum of 33% is found in the anomalous ((15 members after
amalgamation) South Coast Class, 6. Elsewhere the figure varies between
- 38%-and-82%T-with-a-mean-for-all-classes—(excluding-those-with
representatives in Scottish Region) of 50%.
These figures apply only to the random survey and do not include sites
visited in either the cutting/embankment or Biological Interest surveys.
When all information is combined, the mean sampling percentage will be
in excess of 70%.
2.4 Comparison of vegetation and track classifications
Quadrat information from the 60 random sites visited in Southern and Western
Regions during 1978 was classified using ISA. The results, with and without
weighting for percentage cover, are given in the Third Interim report (Sargent
& Mountford 1979). The vegetation classification derived without cover
information was compared with the geographic classification of BR land
(track classification) introduced to provide sampling strata. Vegetation and
track classifications were arrayed according to their scores on respective
first axes of RA ordination (Table 2.4). A total of 573 quadrats clasified
into 14 vegetation types were distributed throughout the 14 track classes
having members in Southern and Western Regions. An initial inspection of the
table (2.4) suggests that there is no clear association between track and
vegetation classes.
Certain kinds of vegetation occur throughout BR land irrespective of locally
prevalent geographical and climatic conditions. Such vegetation is
disturbed and deflected by the dominant influences and effects of BR
management and usage; including periodic clearing and spraying and the
dumping of ballast, cinder aridnitrogenous waste. From Southern and Westerrr
Regions, for example, such vegetation falls into the following-classes:
1. Disturbed, well drained Arrhflttherun with bramble.
5. Damp, nitrophilous Arrhe!;:-.7thorz,:n with nettle and bramble.
. 7. Rank cinder and ballast vegetation.
Ash scrub.
Base poor scrub.
12. Rank open hawthorn scrub.
In Table 2.5 these classes have been removed from the array and clustering..
of the remaining classes emphasised by dotted lines.
Similarities exist in the distribution of track and more stable or undisturbed
vegetation classes. In particular, following the method of Bunce & Smith
(1978) a linear relationship may be shown to exist between the classifications.
Kendalls coefficient of rank correlation giveset:= .53*, whilst a regression
analysis of mean vegetation score (y) against track classes (x) (considered
as constant) produces the equation y = .65 43.57, p = .72*. A linear
equation may not be the most.appropriate way of expressing the relationship
between these classifications since the rank order of track and vegetation
classes is by mean RA score and may not reflect a direct linearity in the
environment.

V
A
Table 2.4 Southern and Western Regions track and vegetation classes arranged
with respect fo first axis RA ordination scores.
Class 1 2 3 5 7
Score 12 13 16 22
2 79 2 1
4 77 6
1 73 43 15 3 6 10
3 70 7
8 67 9 7
7 65 9 5 2 3
6 58 9 3
5 56 8 12 1 7 5
11 46 .2
10 38 17 3 5 3
13 37 9 7 1 1
14 35 1 8
12 31 20 14 4 4 3
9 27 11 16 2 25 26
151 87 15 50 52
21
TRACK
14 13 8 4
22 24 29 30 32
1
2 1
3 63
3
9 25
2 5
5 4
1 3
9
1
2 17
13 9
5 1
6 48 10 69
11 20 17 24 16
33 38 39 49 50
1 1 8
2 1 1 1 14
3 2 2 96
1 3 6 5 56
1 24
2 1 5 36
1 17
1 1 7 12 63
1 5
10 1 58
18
9
4 1 72
3 5 97
4 15. 7 25 34 573

V
22
Table 2.5. The assemblarestof vegetation found along:sections of the track of
the Southern and Western PeRions now severely influenced by railway
management(Vegetation types 1,5,7,9,10 and 12,vide Table 2.4,
reflect the dominant influences of management practices; they occur
equally throughout Britain).
TRACK
Class 12357141384112017 24 16
Score 121316222224293032333839 49 50
2 79 2121 1 1 8
4 77 6321 1 1 14
3 70 792513 6 5 56
8 67 97251 24
T'6 58 9313 1 17
A
0
N11 46 21 1 1 5
13 37 9 7
11 18
14 35 18 9
43 27 1 2 1 13 3 36 3 4 2 8 8 151
-

23
The greater diversity of vegetation classes occurring in track classes 1 and
2 suggests that not all track classes are equally homogeneous, however
analyses of variance between all track classes and all track and vegetation
classes are significant.
When vegetation informtion from the entire BR network becomes available it
seems possible that the use of track classification will he shown to provide
a reasonable method of prediction for at least some vegetation types. P

3 THE LONDON MIDLAND REGION
24
This chapter describes field work in the LMR during 1979. Certain modifications
to information collection are discussed and short sections written
about the groups of plants and animals inVestigated. LMR vegetation will
be classified and analysed following the methods tested on Southern and
Western Region data (Sargent & Mountford 1979) when information from all
regions becomes available and can be pooled.
Maps showing the location of sites and the relation of LMR lines to
geological and topographical features are given.
3.1 Information collection
Data collection in the LMR was greatly helped by cooperation of Permanent
Way staff who entered into useful discussions and supplied excellent maps.
Field work began in April in the Chilterns and progressed northward during
the season to culminate in Cumbria at the end of August. During this
period,120 random sites and 72 biological interest (BI) survey sites* were
visited. Within the random survey, 44 sites proved to be cuttings, 31
embankments,and the remainder flats or mixed formations. Following
discussion (Sargent & Mountford 1979),the cutting/embankment survey had been
discontinued to free resources to increase the density of random sampling.
The high proportion of cuttings and embankments visited randomly supports
the decision to curtail this area of work.
3.1.1 Random site selection
Unlike previous years, the random sites in LMR were stratified. Of.
the 25 strata into which BR land has been divided (Chapter '2), 16
have representatives in LMR. The distribution of samples was strictly
proportional to the number of track (ten mile) units in each stratum
(Table 3.1) with the exception that it was decided to visit a minimum
of 2 random sites stratum-1.
Location of the sites followed a 2 stage random number technique-in
which first the 10 mile unit to be sampled, and then the site(s)
(100 m) within that unit, were selected. In some cases, where the units
were randomly chosen more-than once, this method-gave rise to.morerthanone
site being visited in a unit.
3.1.2 The vegetation key
In an attempt to relate sites visited within the BI survey to random
sites, a vegetation key was introduced.
The key (Fig. 1) was derived from the ISA of combined random data
from Southern, Western and Eastern Regions. The ISA was run to 5
levels and the resulting 32 classes used without modification.
Non-random sites which are expected to be of biological interest and
which are visited because of prior information of some kind.

Table 3.1. Division of sampling effort amongst strata occurring in
the London Midland Region.
Stratum
Revised No.
Stratum
Old No.
25
Track units
Members
Sites
Sampled
( 3 1 2
3
( 4 5 3
7 9 27 14
8 10 34 17
11 13 28 12
12 4 8 4
13 15 14 7
14 16 11 6
15 17 34 16
16 18 5 3
19 25 12
17
20 2 2
18 21 1 2
19 22 6 4
( 23 5 3
20
( 24 3 2
23 27 10 5
24 29 7 4
25 32 2 2
16 19 229 120

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27
the key was tested at a number of HI sites in the LMR where time
permitted. A transect was laid out at the approximate centre of each
site, and quadrats were distributed along the transect as in the
random survey (Sargent & Mountford 1979). Incidence data from each
quadrat was fed through the key, and the vegetation class or classes
present scored for each site.
In the majority of cases, a sensible classification was obtained.
However, the exercise was essentially an attempt to classify LMR
vegetation in terms of plant associations occurring in S, E and W
Regions. The degree to which it was successful indicates:
The continuity of certain vegetation types throughout the English
and Welsh areas of BR.
That it should be perfectly possible to produce a useful general
key to BR vegetation when information from all Regions becomes
available. Until such time, further use of keys, beyond testing
. the principle, will not be made.
3.1.3 Sites of Biological Interest
Of all the sites recorded, it was decided that 44 merited consideration
for their biological interest. Ten outstanding sites within the random
survey are included and the remainder are from the Biological Interest
Survey. Of these, 25 were visited at the suggestion of NCC officers,
2 were found from information in Floras, and a further 7 were discovered
or visited speculatively following examination of local maps.
Files have been opened for the majority of these sites (Appendix 4),
and indicate where particular forms of management or protection would
be appropriate. Files have also been completed for sites of particular
interest in Southern and Western Regions visited during 1979
(Appendix 3).
3.2 Vascular plants
During 1979, 736 species of vascular plant were recorded, compared with 770in
Southern and Western Regions. The slightly lower species total reflects
the generally impoverished flora further north. Eighty species were noted
for the first time in the survey, and these were mainly characteristic of
coastal and upland areas, especially on Carboniferous limestone. A significant
number of aliens were included for the first time, and the balance of the
new plants were those associated with habitats rather sparsely developed on
BR, especially wetland and woodland.
There is a discernable increase in the abundance of calcifuge species in 1979
as compared to 1978, and a more marked change compared to.the largely
calcareous Eastern Region. Among the commoner flowering plants, differences
between the years are not clear, but it is interesting to note the much greater
abundance of Crosurua cristacus in central Wales.
Carboniferous limestone supplied the richest sites of 1979 in terms of.general
flora and specific rarities. Graig Fawr (8180), Wye Dale (R203 and 8165) and -
Gauber (R229 and 8173) were outstanding with Oraba incaKa, Sei.i.anthemun
c. canum,

28
Hornungiapetraea,Pyrolar. rotundifoliand Silenenutansalthough all the
sites with exposures of this rock were above average. Typical species such
as Aspleniumviride,Carexlepidocarpa,Coelogiosaumviride,Cochlearia
officinali ssp alpina,Epipactisatrorubens,Galiumsterneri,Geranium
sanguineum,Gymocarpiumrobertianum,Hypericu montanum,Minuartiaverna,
Primulafarinoca,Rubiaperegrina,Selaginellaselaginoides,Sesleria
m. minuswere found more generally
caerulea,Sorhusrupicolaand Thal-z:ctrur.
andthe endemic whitebeam, Sorbuslancastriensis has a small population at
Meathop (8172) in Cumbria. -
Other upland areas supported local species, Meconopaiscambricawas found
at two places high in the Welsh hills, and Pyrolaminorand Festucavivipara
in Cumbria.
The lines of North Wales and Cumbria tend to follow the coast and several
sites-had fragments of salt-marsh, or more rarely sand-dune and cliff.
Nearly one .fifth of the new species found in 1979 were maritime plants,but
most were the common and widespread taxa. Catapodiumarinumwas found
at two points on the Merioneth coast, Limoniumhumileoccurred by the line
over the E. Esk estuary in Cumbria, Equisetumvariegatumwhere the line
crosses the Anglesey dunes,and LathyrussylVestriswas regular on grassy
banks all along the west coast.
Interesting aliens included Erinusalpinusand Rumexscutatuson limestone
cuttings north of Clitheroe and a good population of Tetragonolobus
maritimusat Rushbeds Wood (8111) in Buckinghamshire. Arenariabalearica
grew on a wall in Southport, a further record of Bromusinermiswas made
at Pentre Aaron (R178), Tellimagrandiflorawas found at Singret (8138) near
Wrexham and Melling (R227),in north Lancashire, and Yeatucalongifbliawas
recorded in several places in the southern part of the Region.
Amongst other interesting plants seen was Alliumscorodoprasumat 2 sites.
in the Ellen valley east of Maryport,and a particular feature of the 1979
data was the presence of 3 maritime species in localities well removed
from the sea. Cochleariadanicagrew at Snowford Junction (B125) in
.Warwickshire and at King's Langley (R123) in Hertfordshire. Cerastium
diffusumwas widespread in the west Midlands growing on cinder by the cess,
a habitat .where Carexarenariawas common in North.Wales, and occasionaLin..
Lancashire and Cumbria. The dumping of sea-sand at Emscote Power Station
(B121) added other maritime species in an inland locality, but,even without
this interference,BR provides artificial shingle-banks and sand-flats
through ballast and cinder throughout the Region.
NOtable records were made for some fairly common species outside their normal
range: liciatetraspermanear Portmadoc, Cerastiumarvensejust south of
Crewe and Calamagrostiscaneccenson the Wirral, and some new data were
gathered on the typically railway species previously discussed (Sargent
& Mountford 1979). Equisetumarvensewas apparently ubiquitous, and-Senecio
squaliduswas widespread. Chaenorhinuminusalso occurred throughout.the
Region,with an interesting record at nearly ICOO'asl (Lodge-Hall (8173)).
Linariarepenswas common in west and central Wales and occurred at isolated
localities in Lancashire (Silverdale (8I71)) and Cumbria (Low Borrowbridge
(R231)). Vulpiamyuroswas.abundant on cinder in North Wales where the Atlas.
of the British Flora shows it to be local or rare, and it occurred occasionally
elsewhere in the Region.

Table 3.2. Vascular plant species found on London Midland Region during 1979.
2 .ctpTatEfi
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-- Aóphila-arenar;ia-
30
Table 3.2. Vascular plant species found on London Midland Region during
1979 (continued).
Acer platano-Ldes L.
Acinosarvens::s(Lam.) Dandy
AgropyronjunceifOrmeA &D. Love
Agropypo?:1,:q,?fl.3 (pers.) Room. K Schult.
AgrostisgiganteaRoth
AlliumscorodoprasumL.
Cirift-
AntirrhinumajusL.
Aphanesarvensisss. L.
Aphanesmicrocarpa(Boiss. & Reut.) Rothm.
AguilegiavulgarisL.
Arabidopsisthaliana(L.) Heynh.
ArabiscaucasicaWilld..
Arabishirsuta(L.) Scop.
ArenariabatearicaL.
Arenarias. lcptocladoi;(Reichenb.) Guss.
Arenarias. serpyllicoliaL.
Armeriam. maritima(Mill.) Wild.
Asparaguso. officinalisL.
Aspleniumviri'deBuds.
Asternovi-belgiiL.
Aster.tripoliumL.
Athyriumfilix-femina(L.) Roth.
AtriplexhostataL.
AvenasativaL.
Barbareaverna (Mill.) Aschers.
BetulapendulaRoth. x B. pubescensEhrh.
BidenstripartitaL.
BrassicanapusL.
BrassicaoTeracea L.
Brassicarapa L.
BromusinermisLeyss.
BuddlejadavidiiFranch.
Calamagrostiscaneacens(Weber) Roth
Calystegiasepiums.s. (L.) R.Br.
Calystegiasilvatica(Kit.) Grisob.
Carcx.inula alliariifOliaWilld.
CampanulalatifoliaL.
Cconpanula tracheliumL.
CarexacutiformisEhrh.
CarexarenariaL.
CarexlepidocarpaTausch.
CarexovalisGood.
CarexpallescensL.
CarexpendulaBuds.
CarexpsuedocyperusL.
CarexpullicarisL.
Carexrostrata Stokes
CarpinusbetulusL.
Catapodiumarinum(L.) C.E. Hubbard.
Centranthusruber (L.) D.C.
CerastiumtomentosumL.
Charcecyparislawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.
ChrysanthemumaximumRamond
CochleariadanicaL.

Table 3.2. (continued)
31
Cocnearia o. ai,pa (Bab.)Hook
Cochleariao. officinalisL.
Cocloglossumviridc(L.) Hartm.
ConvallariamajrlicL.
Corydalisclaviculata(L.) DC.
Corydalislutea(L.) DC.
CotoneastermicrophyllusWall. ,
Crepispaludosa(L.) Moench
Crocosmiax crocosmiiflora(Lemoine)N.E.Br.
DianthusbarbatusL.
DoronicumpardalianchesL.
Draba incana L.
Dryopteriscarthusiana(Vlller)H.P. Fuchs
Eleocharisuniglumis (Link) Schult.
Endymionhispanicus(Mill.)Chouard.
Epilobiumbrunnescens(Cockayne)Raven & Engelham
Epipactis'atrorubens (Hoffm.)Schult.
EquisetumvariegatumSchleich. ex Web. & Mohr
ErinusalpinusL.
Erophilaverna (L.) Chevall.
EuphorbiacyparissiasL.
Eupharbiaesulas.l.L.
Euphrasiaboreal-1,r; Wettst.
Euphrasiabrevipila Burnat & Gremli
Euphrasia nemoroma(Pers.)Wa111'.
EuphrasiarostkovianaHayne
FestucaZongifb1.1:a Thuill.
Festuca ovinaL. ssP tenuifolia(Sibth.)Peterm.
Festucavivipara(L.) Sm.
Fragariax ananassaDuchesne
FumariaboraciJord
Galanthusnivalis L.
GaZ.copsist. bifida(Boenn.)Lej. & Court.
Galeolosist. tetrahitL.
Caliuni puirilummum ssp sterneri(Ehren.)
Geraniumrotundifbil:um L.
Gernaium sanqm-ZneumL.
Glauxmaritim L.
Gymnocarpiumrobertianum(Hoffm.)Newm.
Halimioneportulacoides(L.) Aell
Helianthemumc. =run (L.) Baumg.
Hemerocallisfolva (L.) L.
liqracleuT mcntegazzianum Somm. & Lev.
HieraciumssP L.
HieraciumumbeilatumL.
Sonkenifaveploides(L.) Ehrh.
HordeumvutgareL.
Hornungicpetraea(L.) Rchb.
llydrocotyle vulgarisL.
HypericumcalycinumL.
HypericummontanumL.
Iris germcnicaL.
Juncusgerardii_Lois,
JuncusmaritimusLam.
Kniphofia.spMoench
bahunner,anagyroidesMedic.
LamiumhybriaumVill.

Table 3.2 (continued)
Larixdeciduamill.
LathyruslatifoliusL.
LathyrusodoratusL.
LathyrussylvestrisL.
Lemnaminor L.
LepidiumruderaleL.
Lironium-humile-mill.-
LimoniumvulgareMill.
Linariapurpurea(L.) Mill.
LupinusarboreusSims
Luninus polyphyllusLindl.
LycliumbarbarumL.
bysimachiavulgarisL.
Mahoniaaquifolium(Pursh.) Nutt
Meconopsiscambrica(L.) Vig.
MelampyrumpratenseL.
Mentharotundifolia(L.) Huds.
MenthaspicataL.
Minuartiaverna (L.) Hiern
Wsopates orontium(L.) Raf.
Montiasibirica(L.) Howell
MyosotissecundaA. Murr.
hVosotissylvatica Hoffm.
MyriophyllumspicaturL.
Narcissusx biflorusCurtis
OenanthelachenaliiC.C. Gmel.
OenothcraerythroseDalaBorbas
Ophioglossumv. vulgatumL.
OrchismorioL.
Parnassiapa/ustrisL.
Petrosc1inA.7? sJgetum(L.) Koch
PhleumarenariumL.
Phleumpranse s.s. L.
Piceaabies (L.) Karst.
Piccasitchonsis(Bong.) Carr.
32
Piloscila cuArantiaca(L.) C.H. & F.W. Schultz ssp brunneocrocea(Pugs.I.).P.TL.
PinguiculavulgarisL. Sell & C. West-
PinusnigraArnold,
Plantagomaritina L.
Piatantherc, chlorantha(Cust.) Rchb.
Polygonatumx hybridumBrug.
Polygonumaz;iculares.s.L.
Polyvnum oolystachyumWall ex Meisn.
PolygonumsaciltalinenceF. Schmidt
Populusalba L.
Populusx canadensia Moench var. serotina(Hertig) Rehd.
PopulusgileadensisRouleau
Potentill anglicaLaicharding
PotentillanorvegicaL.
PrimulafdrinosaL.
PrunuslaurocerasusL.
Puccinelliamaritima(Huds.) Parl
Pyrolaminor L.
Pyrolar. rotundifoliaL.
PyruscormunisL.
Quercus;:lexL.
Rhododendronponticum L.

Table 3.2 (continued)
33
Rhus typhinaL.
Rheum sp. L.
RibessanguineumPursh.
RobiniapsewloacaciaL. Rorippaislandica (Oeder) Borbas
RubiaperegrinaL.
RubusidaeusL.
RubussaxatilisL.
Rumexacetosellas.s. L.
Rumex scutatusL.
Saginaa. apetalaArd.
SaginamaritimaDon
SalixcinereaL. sep oleifoliaMacreight
Salixx laurinaSm.
SalixpentandraL.
SalixphylicifoliaL.
Salixrepensssp argentea(Sm.) G. & A. Camus.
Salix repens
SalviavertThillataL.
Saxifraga.xurbiumD.A. Webb
Schoenopectus-tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla.
ScirpusmaritimusL.
SedumforateranumSm.
SedumreflexumL.
SedumspuriumM.Bieb.
Selaqinellaselaginoides(L.) Link
SeneciovulgarisL. forma ligulatus D.E. Allen
SerratulatinctariaL.
Sesleriacaerulea(L.) Ard.
intermed-Lcz Schur.
SilenemaritiruWith.
SilenenutansL. var smithianaMoss
SisymbriumorientaleL.
SolanumtuberocumL.
SolidagocanadensisL.
Sorbusaria (L.) Crantz s.s.
Sorbusintermedia(Ehrh.) Pers. s.s.
SorbuslancastriensisE.F. Warb.
Sorbusrupicola(Syme) Hedl.
SpartinaanglicaC.E. Hubbard
Spartina x townsendiiH. & J. Groves
Spergulariamarina (L.) Grizeb.
Spergularz:a media (L.) C. Presl
StellarianeglectaWeihe-
Suaeda maritima(L.),Dum.
SymphytungrandiflorumDC.
Teesdalianudicaulis (L.) RtBr.
Teilirragrandiflora(Pursh.) Dougl. ex Lindl.
Tetragonolobusmaritimus(L.) Roth
Thalictru m. minus L.
Tiliax vulgarisHayne
TrifoliumscabrumL.
Triglochinmaritima L.
TriticumaestivumL.
1

Table 3.2 (continued)
34
Valerianellalocusta(L.) Betcke
VicialathyroidesL.
ViciasativaL. ssp nigra (L.) Ehrh.
Viciasylvatica-L.
ViolaC. caninaL.
ViolaodorataL. var dunctorumJord.
-Viola-p-
ViolatricolorL. sspcurtisii (E. Forst.) Syne.

3.3 Bryophytes
35
A survey of the bryophyte flora of BR land was begun in 1979 for its
intrinsic interest and with the intention of reinforcing the vegetation
classification. All bryophytes occurring in quadrats were recorded and an
additional list made of those species seen within each site. Samples of
plants of uncertain identity were taken for subsequent verification, and
voucher specimens of all species recorded are kept at Monks Wood.
Of the 116 mosses (species and varieties) and 30 hepatics recorded (Table
3.3), 5 species were particularly frequent: Brachythecium rutabulum,
,WEifin:?osteniccnferum (Eurynchium), and Lophocoleabidentatawere
characteristic of the rank grassland occurring on much of BR land, whilst
Funari.ahygrometricaand Bryumargenteumwere often found on cinder,
particularly along the herbicide sprayed cess. F. hygrometricaoccurred
in all except 3 of the random sites in the LMR, and part of its success may
be due to phenology, since it is commonly fertile in the spring before most
spraying takes place. On narrow disturbed sites, especially in the south
east, the moss flora was more or less restricted to these 5 species. However,
wider sites with a more maritime climate showed much greater diversity, and
more than 30 species were recorded at several large cuttings near the west
coast.
Rock cuttings provide a particularly interesting BR habitat, especially
where there is sufficient water. On limestone cuttings, species recorded.
include: &I-igen:accacarea,Neckeracomplanata, Leiocoleaturbinataand
Gymnostomumaeruginosum,whilst,-on saristone, associations members included:
Calypogeiapinta,Barbilophoziafloorkt:i,Dicranella heteromall and
Odontoschismadenudatum(one site only).
Sites adjacent or close to the sea shore supported very few bryophytes.
Schistiditt7/rzrim occurred at one site on the Cumbrian coast (where
it is a new record for the particular 10 km square), but elsewhere
hygrometricaand one or two small species of Bryamwere the only mosses
found. The railway tends to remain in lowland areas, but two sites were of
sufficient altitude for Racomitriumto be recorded. R. faseiculareand
P. heterootichum,occurred on siliceous boulders beside the line between
Betwys-y-Coed and Blaenau Ffestiniog, whilst R. canescenswas. found.in..
limestone grassland at Ribblehead, in association with.characteristic
species.
Inspection of the list (Table 3.3) shows that comparatively few of even
the most common epiphytic mosses were recorded, reflecting the general
absence of mature woodland from BR, although scrub and developing woodland
are widespread. The majority of species found belong to grassland
communities, and it is expected that they will show sufficient discrimination
to be of value during classification.
Several of the plants found are almost certainly new records for their
particular area, and an annotated list is being sent to Dr. A.J.E. Smith,
UCNW, Bangor, for information and confirmation.

Table 3.3 . Bryophytes recorded from LMR during 1979.
36
(a) Mosses. Nomenclature follows Smith (1978)
Amblystegiumserpens
A. riparium
varium
m4trichuinttnduLaturn.
Aulaconniumandrogynum
Barbulaconvoluta
faLlax
B. recurvirostra
B. reflexa
A. unguiculata
Brachytheciumalbicans
B. glareosum
B. plumosum
B. rutabulum
B. velutinum
Breutellachrysocoma
Bryumalpinum
B. argenteum
B. argenteumvar argenteum
B. bicolor
B. caespiticium
B. pallens
B. rubens
Calliergoncuspidatum
CampyT chrysophyllum
C. stellatum
Campylopueparadoxus
Ceratodonpurpureus
CirriphylZumcrassinervium
C. pilifcrum
Ciirreacz:T dendroides
Cratoneuroncoextitatum
C. cormutatumvar comrTutatum
C. cormtatum var-falcaturn
C. filicinum
Cryphaeaheteromalla
Ctenidiu molluscum
Dichodontiumpellucidum
Di-ranellah.2.teromaL7a
D. varia
Dicranumbonjeani
D. majus
D. scoparium
Drepanocladusaduncus
D.reucluens
D. uncinatus
Eurhynchiumpraelongum
E. praelonglfm var praelongum
E. praelongumvar stokesii
E. striati4.7
E. .ctiaptzii .
Fissiden adianthoides
F. bryoides
F. taxifolius

Funariahygrometrica
Grimmiapuivinata
Gymnostomumaeruginosum
Homaliatriehomanoides
37
H. lutescons
Hookerialucens
Hylocomiumsplendens
Hypnumcupresciforme
H. eupressiformevar cupressiforme
H. eupressiformevar Lacunosum
H. cupressiformevar resupinatum
H. jutiandieum
H. ramillatum
lindbergii
Isopterygiumelegans
Isotheelu myosuroides
myurum
Leptodietyumpyriforme
Leucobryumglaucum
Mniumhornum
14. marginatum
M. stellare
Neekeracomplanata
Philonotisfontana
Plagiomniumaffine
P. cuspidatum
P. rostratum
P. undutatum
Plagiotheciumdentieulatum
P. latebricola
P. undul.atum
Pleuroziumschreberi
Pohliaaarnea
P. wahlenbergii
P. nutans
Polytriohumcommune
P. formosum
P. juniperinum
Pottiabryoiden
P. lanc.wiata
Pseudoscieropodiur purum
Raconl:tri!,,m canescens
R. faseieulare
R. heterostiehum
Rhodobryumroseum
Rhynchosteaiumoonf,rtum
Rhytidl:adaphusloreus
R. squarrosus
triquetrus
Schistidiumapo::ar.7
martimum
Seligeriaealearea
Sphagn;Amfimbriatum
S. palustre-
S. sif.:)n::tes
.Tariphyllum
Thuidinm
T. tar-r.riscinum
Tortulamural-is
T. turalis
TrichostoMmibrachydontium

(b) Hepatics
Farbilophoziafjoerkei (Web. & Mohr) Loeske
38
CaZypogeiafisaa (L.) Raddi
Cephaloziabicuspidata(L.) Dum.
Cephal.oziella byssacea(Roth.) Warnst.
C. hampaana(Nees) Schiffn
Conocephalumconiclir: (L.) Dum.
piplophyllumalhicans(L.)Dum.
- Possombroniapusilia-G7)-pum7
Frullaniatanarisci(L.) Dum.
Gynnocoleainflata(Huds.) Dum.
Lophocoleabidentata(L.)pum.
L. cuspidata(Nees) Limpr.
L. heterophylla(Scurad.) Dum.
Lophoziaventricosa(Dicks.) Dum.
Lunutariacruciata(L.) Dum.
MarchantiapolymorphaL.
Marsupellaemarginata(Ehrh.) Dum.
Metzgeriaflaicata(L.) Dum.
llardiascalaris(Scurad.) Grey
Odontoschismaden,Adatum(Nees) Dum.
Peltiaepiphylla(L.) Corda
PLagicchilasplenicides(L.) Dum.
P. spinulosa(Dicks.) Dum.
Ptilidiumciliare(L.) Nees.
Ric3ardiapinguis(L.) Gray
Saccogynaviticuiosa(Mich.) Dum.
Scapanianemorosa(L.) Dum.
S. widulata (L.) Dum.
(Sm.) Mitt. .

3.4 Animal data
39
This section relies on data collected by Brendon Carleton, a third year
sandwich course student from Bath University, who was attached to this
project during the summer months.
3.4.1 Introduction
Some improvements to information collection techniques were made. In
particular, the animal recording proformas were modified to accommodate
the introduction of BTO habitat types (Figure 2). The groups recorded
were comparable to previous years (birds, other vertebrates and
invertebrates) and estimates of habitat quality were made.
Invertebrate records had previously been restricted to large invertebrates
which were recognisable in the field. During 1979, however, a limited
investigation of soil invertebrates was begun. Data collected were
designed to be statistically acceptable, enabling the student to gain
experience with analytical techniques as well as contributing usefully
to the general survey.
A method of extracting significant information from the bulk of anfmal
data (where resources prevent statistically satisfactory sampling) has
yet to be determined. Although viewed solely in the context of
qualitative support for vegetation and BR land classification, the
information collected will undoubtedly prove of value.
3.4.2 Birds
Seventy-three species of bird (excluding domestic geese and fowl) were
recorded on BR land during the field season. A list of the species is
given (Table 3.4) and is annotated to show frequency of sightings.
Of the 9 species not previously recordea,only curlews and grey wagtails
were seen at more than one site, the curlews along the higher Pennine
lines and with the grey wagtails in wet central Wales.
The records were not entirely comparable with those of Southern,
Eastern and Western Regions. In particular, there was a reduction in.the
numbers of garden birds, especially whitethroats, yellow hammer, wrens
and garden warblers observed, whilst records of estuarine and sea birds
increased. This latter is almost certainly due to the closeness with
,whiCh railway lines hug the shore in north Wales, Cumbria and parts..of
Lancashire.
Counts for birds associated with fresh water were also higher and
particularly interesting were'the records for sandmartins (nesting),
spotted flycatchers, grey wagtails and a kingfisher between Newtown
and Dovey Junction,where the line runs beside the rivers Dovey and
Twymyn and has many tributary streams within its boundaries.
Swifts and swallows were exceedingly common feeding above railway
lines, and all disused platelayers huts examined supported at least
two nests of these species. Other railway nests, especially of scrub
and developing woodland, characteristically belong to chaffinches,
blackbirds, blue and great tits, willow warblers and robins, for
which BR land also provides suitable feeding habitat.
1

ON BR
T ALS
ANIMAL RECORD REGN. DIVN. AREA SITE
SITE NAME RECORDER
TIPPING :
II -5;?
COUNTY N.L.U.
on
BIRDS
contd. over
twe,
WEATHER p LANDFORM
DATE
27/(7-7
HABITAT APPRAISAL
MGT. DESCRIPTION
7 s
(e.
j1/2-3
'e.),,,,. .
6-4
—
_
c)
CODE ORD. OTHER VERTS.
contd. over
TIME
i000 ---
-.5''--;
):, - 9-.,.
' .r-c----'
I- ( - Ly-t-,t
SPECIES LIST OF ANIMALS RECORDED
1 2 3 4 (5)6 7
0-4
;.
.1 )1:
ANIMAL FH FC R
Birds (small) If 3 :3'
Birds (large) 3 2- .I
Mamm.(small) LE -3 LIL
Mamm.(large) 3 2- 3
Other verts, 3
Lepidoptera Li- 1+ -7-
//
Other insects ) i"- Q-
Other inverts.
ORD. INVERTS. ORD.
contd. over
4-7
TOTALS contd. over Contd. over ' contd. over

Table 3.4. Bird species seen on BR land during 1979 survey.
Ardea cinerea
Anas platyrhynchos
'Tadornatadorna
Accipiternicus
E21c0 tinnunculus
Lagopuslagopusscoticus
Perdixperdix
Phasianuscolchicus
Gailinutachloropus
Haematopusostralegus
Vanellusvanalus
Numeniusarquata
Larusfuscus
Lams argentatus
Columbalivia
Columbaoenas
Columbapclumbvs
Streptopeliaturtur
Streptopeliadecaocto
Cuculuscanorms
Strixaluco
Apus apus
Moeda atthis
Picusviridis
Dendrocoposmajor
Alaudaarvensis
Ripariariparia
rustica
Delichonurbica
Anhus pratensis
Anthus trivial/is
Iotaciilacineroa.
gotacilla.albayarrellii
Strnus vulgaris
Garru/usglandarius
Pica pica
Corvusmonedula
COP9USfrugilegus
Corvusccronecorone
P±,unellamodularis
Troglodytestroglodytes.
Locustellanaevio
Acrocephalu schoenobaenus
Sylvia borin
Sylviaatricapilla
Sylviacommunis
Phylloscopustrochilus
Phylloscopuscollybita.
Phyiloscbousibilatrix
MuscicaDastriata
.0onantheoenanthe
'52.2:2:eota rubetra
4 1
grey heron
mallard
shelduck
sparrowhawk
kestrel
red grouse
partridge
pheasant
moorhen
oystercatcher
lapwing
curlew
lesser black-backed gull
hering gull
domestic pigeon
stock dove
wood pigeon
turtle dove
collared turtle dove
cuckoo
tawny owl
swift
kingfisher
green woodpecker
great spotted woodpecker
skylark
sand martin
swallow
house martin
meadow pipit
tree pipit
grey wagtail
pied wagtail
starling
jay
magpie
jackdaw
rook
carrion crow
dunnock
wren
grasshopper warbler
sedge warbler
garden warbler
blackcap
whitethroat
willow warbler
chiffchaff
wood warbler
spotted flycatcher
wheatear
whinchat
Frequency
New
el.% >1% >10% Record

Erithacusrubecula
robin
Turdusmerula blackbird
Turdusphilomelos songthrush
Turdusviscivorus mistlethrush
Paruspalustris marsh tit
Parusmontanus willow tit
Paruscaeruleus blue tit
Parusater coal tit
Parusmajor great tit
AegithaloScaudatus longtailed tit
Sittaeuropaea nuthatch
Passerdomesticus house sparrow
Passermontanus tree sparrow
Fringillacoelebs chaffinch
PyrrhuLapyrrhu/a bullfinch
Carduelischloris greenfinch
Cardueliscarduelis goldfinch
Acanthiscannabina linnet
Emberizacalandra corn bunting
Emberizaschoeniclus reed bunting
Emberizacitrinella yellow hammer
Table 3.5. Other vertebrate species.
Oryctolaguscuniculus rabbit
Clethrionomysglareolus bank vole
Rana temporaria common frog
Apodemussylvaticus wood mouse
Bufbbufb common toad
Lacertavivipara common lizard
Vulpesvulpes fox
Sciuruscarolinensis grey squirrel
Sorexamaeus common shrew
Viperaberus adder
Agricolaterrestris water vole
Muntiacusreevesii muntjac
Piscessp
42
Frequency
New
1% >10% Record

3.4.3 Other vertebrates
Species and frequency information are given (Table 3.5).
43
As in previous years rabbits were very commonly seen, using railway
verges as refuges wthilst foraging on adjacent agricultural land.
Bank voles, wood mice and shrews were occasionally sighted, but,
without recourse to trapping, their numbers are likely to be
underestimated. Other expected small mammals, including badger,
hare, hedgehog, mole and rat, were not recorded on LMR.
Reptile and amphibian sightings were comparable with previous years
records, and included several good-sized adders.
3.4.4 Field observed invertebrates
With the exception of butterflies, where species names are given
(Table 3.6) it was not practicable to identify consistently other
individuals beyond group level in the field.
Fifteen species of butterfly were sighted,of which the large and small
whites and small tortoiseshell were the most common, whilst the small
skipper and speckled wood were seen only once. The red admiral
had not previously been recorded during the survey, but was present at
4 sites during the summer.
All other field-identified invertebrates are shown in Table 3.7,
and the most consistently recorded include the snails, Cepeanemoralis
moths,
Zygaenafilipendul and Callimorphajacohaea;froghopper, Cercopis
vulnerataand gnat, Culexpipiens.
and C. hortensis;slugs, Arianater and A. hortensi:s;
3.4.5 Soil invertebrates
Measured soil samples were removed from the cess, verge and adjacent
land at 20 random sites. The samples were placed in a Tollgren
apparatus (Murphy 1962) and the extracted invertebrates recorded
Identification was not normally beyond class level, but it wns
thought that numerical distribution was sufficiently interesting to
warrant inclusion in this report.
All groups recorded are shown in Table 3.8 . It will be seen that,
with the exception of the pauropod, all groups occurring in the
railway cess were also found in the verges and in adjacent land.
However, a large proportion of the groups occurring elsewhere were not
recorded from the cess. The numbers of groups and individuals
site-1 were:
Cess :_4-9 groups site.); 16.9 individuals-site-1
Verge : 7-9 groups site-1; 81.3 individuals site-1
Adjacent land : 8-9 groups site-1; 61.8 individuals site-1
The cess is composed of porous cinder to a depth of several inches,
enabling drainage of rain water and fluid waste (often nitrogenous)'
expelled from trains.. It is kept weed-free-by regular spraying with
herbicides and is.often contaminated with.oil, and to a lesser extent,
litter.
. . -

44
Table 3.6 . Species list of insects recorded in the field during 1979 survey.
Order Common Name Scientific Name
LEPIDOPTERA
(Rhopalocera Large White
Small white
Green veined white
Orange tip
Peacock
Small tortoiseshell
Pearl bordered fritillary
Meadow brown
Gatekeeper
Small heath
Speckled wood
Small copper
Common blue
Small skipper
Red Admiral
(Heterocera)
COLEOPTERA
HIUNOPTERA
Cinnabar
Six spot burnet
Grass moth
Staphylinid beetle
Click beetle
Dung beetle
Bark beetle
Soldier beetle
Whirligig beetle
7 spot ladybird
2, 6 spot ladybird
24 spot ladybird
Weevil
Ant sp
Ant, meadow
Ant, wood
Bee sp
Bee, honey
Bee, bufftailed
Bee, redtailed
Sawfly gall
Wasp sp
Wasp, parasitic
Wasp, oak apple gall
Wasp, oak artichoke gall
Wasp, oak marble gall
Wasp, robin pin cushion gall
Wasp, spangle gall
Pierisbrassicae
Pierisrapae
Pierisnapi
Anthochariscardamines
Inachisio
Aglaisurticae
Boloriaeuphrozyne
Maniotajurtina
Pyroniatithonus
Coenonymphapamphilus
Parargeaegeria
Lycaenaphlaeas
Polyommatusicarus
Thymelicus.sylvestris
Vanessaatatanta
Callimorphajacobaeae.
ZygaenafilipenduLae
Pyralidae
Staphylinidae
Elateridae
Scarabaeoidea
Scolytissp
Cantharidae
Gyrinidae
Coccinellia7 punctata
Coccinellidae
Curculionidae
Formicidae :_Lasiuc„sp
Lasiusflavus
Formicasp
Apidae
Apis maliftra
Bombussp/Psithyrussp
Bombussp
Pontania sp
Vespidae
Chrysissp
Biorhizapallida
Andricusfecundator
Andricussp
Diplolepisrosae
Neuroterussp
ORTHOPTERA Grasshopper spp Acrididae
Bush cricket sp Tettigoniidae

45
DIPTERA inc. Sepsis fly
Biting "gnat" midge
Blow fly
Crane fly
Horse fly
Hover fly
Mosquito .
House fly
HEMIPTERA
ODONATA
THYSANOPTERA
EPHEYEROPTERA
NEUROPTERA
TRICHOPTERA
PLECOPTERA
COLLEMBOLA
Frog hopper spp
Frog hopper
Plant hopper sp
Pond skater sp
Water boatman
Aphid sp
Capsid bug
Dragonfly spp
Damsel fly
Thrip
Thunderfly
Mayfly
Lacewing (green)
Caddis fly
Stone fly
Springtail
Sepsidae
Ceratopogonidae
Calliphoridae
Tipulasp Tipulidae
Tabanidae
Syrphidae
Culicidae
Nuscadomestica
Cercopidae
Cerocopisvulnerata
Jassidae
Gerridae
Corixidae
Aphidoidea
Geocorisae
Anisoptera
Zygoptera inc. Agrionsp
Thripidae
Thripidae
Ephemera
Chrysopidae
1

Table 3.7 . Species list of other invertebrates recorded on BR nroperty.
during 1979 survey.
Class Common Name Scientific Name
ARACHNIDA
CHILOPODA
Spider spp
Wolf spider spp
.Harvest spider spp
'Sycamore gall mite
Centipede sp
46
Araneida
Lycosidae
Phalangiidae
Acari
Lithobiidae
DIPLOPODA Millipede sp
Millipede, pill Glomerismarginata
CRUSTACEA Freshwater shrimp Gammarussp
Woodlice Isopods
OLIGOCHAETA Earth worm
GASTROPODA Slug
Slug
Snail, hairy
Snail, glass
Snail, Garden
Snail
Snail
Snail and slug spp
Arionater
Arionhortensis
Higromiahysptdra
Vitrinapellucida
Helixaspersa
Cepeanemoralis
C. hortensis
Stylonunatophora

47
The verges and adjacent land are essentially continuous, but arc
affected by differing management practices. Verges are sporadically
cut, burnt or cleared, and may be spread with ballast, whilst adjacent
land generally supports some kind of agricultural usage.1
Significant differences in soil fauna were expected.
Both diversity and species number are lower in the toxic cess than
elsewhere (p

Table 3.8 Soil invertebrates.
48
Class, Order Cess
(English name)
Gastropoda
Gugochaeta
Pauropoda
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Symphyla
Insecta, Collembola
Diplura
Protura
Thysanoptera
Homoptera
Coleoptera
Lepidoptera
Diptera
Aymenoptera
Crustacea, Amphipoda
Isopoda
Arachnida, Araneae
Acari
Enchytraeid worm
Pauropod
Centipede
Sminthurid springtail
Poduromorph springtail
Entomobryomorph springtail
Proturan
Thrip
Larva
Ant
Wood louse
Tyroglypolid mite
Mesostigmatid mite
Cheyletid mite
(Beetle mite
(Armadillo mite
Verge, Adjacent
(English name) .
Stylommatophora
Enchtyraeid worm
Earthworm
Millipede
Centipede
Symphylan
Sminthurid springtail
Poduromorph springtail
Entomobryomorph springtail
Dipluran
Proturan
Thrip
Cercopid larva
Larva
Adult
Larva
Larva
Ant
Hymenopteran
Amphipod
Wood louse
Spider
Tyroglypolid mite
Mesostigmatid mite
Cheyletid mite
Beetle mite
Armadillo mite

4 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK
4.1 Field work
49
During the year, certain changes were made (Section 3). In particular, the
decision not to continue the cutting/embankment survey will have a considerable
effect on the outcome of the project. Although, and in part a direct result,
rather fewer exceptional sites were visited during the objective part of
Ihe survey, it was possible to make a much more intensive random investigation,
providing a greater amount of compatible information, than in previous years.
Additionally resources were freed to enable more sites of possible
Biological Interest to be visited. The cutting/embankment survey will not
be reinstated. During its first year, the Bryophyte survey proved interesting.
Particularly well shoum was the environmental sensitivity of many of these
plants, and it proved generally possible to estimate the quality of a site
by the diversity of its bryophyte species list. A number of new locations
for species were recorded, and it is expected that the information will
contribute usefully to vegetation classification.
The soil invertebrate survey was slightly less rewarding, largely because
of the extreme difficulty encountered by the student in identifying the
animals collected to species or genus level. Nevertheless it is intended
to pursue this area of work and it is hoped that during 1980, the student
will be some rather less ambitious work, identifying components of the poorly
known fauna of the cinder cess.
Vascular plant recording and field observations of animals, habitat and.
environment will continue in Scottish Region during 1980, as in previous
years.
4.2 Stratification and classification
Whilst the BR land classification is likely to provide a useful method of
improving precision and'interpretation, it also introduces certain difficulties.
In particular, as similarly derived classifications are being compared any
conclusions must be relative, either and both classifications beingequally
dependant on the methods used to derive them. That correlations occur
(Section 2) suggests that the method is strong, but the implication remainsthat
at least one set of data should be independently tested.
No yardstick for measuring the value of track classes exists, but as,there
is an extensive literature concerned with vegetation classification.,
independent examination of the ISA vegetation classes would seem to provide ,
the most profitable approach. Comparison with an established vegetation
classification would have the further obvious advantage of removing BR
vegetation from the artificial isolation created by independent survey and
analysis. It would clearly establish those associations peculiar to the.
railway environment.
It is most reasonable to attempt to compare railway information with the
Braun-Blanquet system, and it is possible, by inspection, to ascribe ISA
derived clusters to particular Braun-Blanquet taxa. However, the method.
is imprecise. Divisions within the systems, despite the potential to
manipulate ISA by weighting and other devices, are only fortuitously
compatible and, particularly where information is continuously variable,
class limits seldom correspond.

50
To try, on the other hand, to sort the railway information manually following
the European (Braun-Blanquet) method, is impracticable. The eventual
railway data set (approximately 1 250 species and 5 000 quadrats) will
occupy a matrix of = 6.25 x 106 components.
It has therefore been decided to develop a "mid-channel" approach.
ISA, which provides an extremely efficient sorting method, will be used to
reduce the data set to a number of clusters of manageable size. Because
only comparatively few quadrats will occur in each cluster and because the
species set for each cluster will be smaller than the total, the sum of
sizes of component matrices will be considerably less (= x .025) than the
size of the overall data matrix. The information will thus become
practicable for Braun-Blanquet analysis. ISA clusters will be
independently worked, approximating the European technique, and misfits
pooled for redistribution.
The method will have the particular advantage over standard Braun-Blanquet
technique of enabling an exceedingly large set of data to be analysed, and
over ISA (or similar mathematical methods) of enabling the information to
be clustered with respect to already existing classifications.
Within this particular piece of work it will also enable independent
examination of the BR track stratification.
4.3 1981
Although much of 1981 will be concerned with the analysis of collected data
and the mapping of defined vegetation types and species (in conjunction with
the Experimental Cartography Unit), some time will remain available for field
work. It is intended to use this time to visit identified lengths of line
of conservation interest, to map and describe such areas in detail and to
record, where survey information exists, any changes that may have taken
place. It is estimated that there will be about thirty such sites
throughout the country, ranging in length from a few hundred metres to
several miles. It is hoped that these sites will become the subject of some
particular form of protection by BR and the NCC.
At the same time, it is apparent that the colonisation of extensive areas
of BR land by scrub and woodland has become a matter of concern and
interest. With the cooperation of the LMR it is intended to establish some
experimental plots on the Corby-Kettering line to investigate rates and
patterns of scrub development under railway influence.

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
51
We are grateful to Mr Christopher Beagley of British Rail for his continuing
assistance, and to members of the Permanent Way staff, London Midland Region
who gave help and advice during the year.
Miss Sally Knight and Mr Bob Medler prepared the maps skillfully, and we
would particularly like to thank Mrs Valerie Burton for typing the report.

6 REFERENCES
52
BUNCE, R.G.H. & SMITH, R.S. 1978. An ecological survey of Cumbria.
Working paper 4. Cumbria County Council and Lake District Special
Planning Board.
BUNCE, R.G.H., MORREL, S.K. & STEL, H.E. 1975. The application of
multivariate analysis to regional survey. J. Environ.Mgt, 3(3),
15-166.
HILL, M.O. 1973. Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination.
J. EcoZ.,61, 237-69.
HILL, M.O., BUNCE, R.G.H. & SHAW, M.W. 1975. Indicator Species Analysis,
a divisive polythetic method of classification, and its application
to a survey of native pinewoods in Scotland. J. Ecol.,63, 597-613.
MESSENGER, K.G. 1968. A Railway Flora of Rutland. Proc.Bot. Soc. Br.
Isl.,Z, 325-44.
MURPHY, P.W. 1962. Progress in soilzoology. Butterworths Scientific
Publications, London.
SARGENT, CAROLINE & MOUNTFORD, J.0. 1979. Third Interim report to the
Nature Conservancy Council on the Biological Survey of British Rail
property. NCC/NERC Contract No F3/03/80 : ITE Project 466.
SMITH, A.J.E. 1978. The Moss Flora of Britainand Irel.and. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
WAY, J.M. & SHEAIL, J. 1977. First Interim report to the Nature Conservancy
Council on British Rail land - Biological Survey. NCC/NERC Contract
No F3/03/80 : ITE Project 466.
WAY, J.M., MOUNTFORD, J.O. & SHEAIL, J. 1978. Second Interim report to
the Nature Conservancy Council on British Rail land - Biological
Survey. NCC/NERC Contract No F3/03/80 : ITE Project 466.

NM MI 0 a a a IIIII a a a II1 In a MI MI
APPENDIX I. Random altos 1979.
CRID OF WIDTH
REF DATE SITE NAME RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM NOTTS
ACCESS
ii
DR WATFORD DIVISION
Herb And apecies-rich Arrhotulth:run grassland.Disturbed
near coos with ephemeral. on cinder.Becoming increasingly
xpeeten-poor and eventually bramblo below.
/1.0/F.ni....../.1../4..ntitimo-io grasslandwithcamplon.Bramble
developing onlowor aloprs. 10.1::wa lon:zifolia rocordod.
Bromble,oldor and sycamore scrub on unstable,heavily
ballasted slope.Nettles on damp,flatter ground bolos
ro/v(o pert it' il In 1.1common near seem.
Low,heavily ballastedformation with rough,herb and species
poor, Arrla.sa I la.rw, grassland. coo:. traria dun icy! recorded
on ballast,protectedfrom spray by discarded leepor.
Steepformation with coarse herb and apecies-poor
Arriwoorhoru - : grassland.Some scrub.' nettle and bramble
stands.
Steepformation with unstable surface of cinder and ballast.
Hawthorn thickets,bramble and rank Arr)ottp:h..mn grassland
on more gently sloping areas below.
Coarse chalk gransland below,with arena of base-rich and
base-poor woodland above,Including Quorcso cerria/Pctuln
re”oful4 and Age.o r.ollfn withinvasive gorse, and beech/ash/
11.Noaa 'whet ovor Arrhronfh.m." clo!ic. Good specieslist.
P00.001p.m/APM:mmfnerno or:mislead vith camplon and
Pi /.-:../ :.1at Trimmest3,becoming5.111/elm scrub vita Clerat ill
over mercury,ivy and ,li^,m roc - ilotom ot 74.
Coarse hotb-poor ArrIli.otrhorom grassland.with aross of
bramblo andisolated smallosktrees.Nettle occasionalbut
poor la species. Ivhorbea ..'a s.l.
Coarse herb and species-poor Arrh,”:athrrun gramsland with
patchem of bramble on flat and on dumped ballast near lino.
Soon nnnnn more mixed with rocl, cocksfoot and CentaNr:a eiora
common,plus yarrow.
Coarse tussocky herb and species-poor ArrnenctLemm grassland.
Some areas have Ira,Lkwtylia and Hrlictarrichcn puFeer.Ina
sub-dominant.Bramble,nettle and L'LLNintheo...o occasional.
Smallditch crossesflat.
Very similar to W aide but generally more mixed and with
F,.al....., rid.r.1 locallycommon.Manyanthills.:,:duo1010phivai
21.5-35
Emb
E
Dedford-Luton
Worthy End
IL 03633$
30 April
11122
27-29
Emb
W
11.4-12.6
Emb
V
Euston-Reeel Resisted
Fings Langley
TL 076033
I May
R123
3.6-3.6
Flat/
Lob
E
10-13.5
gab
E
St Albane-Luton
East Hyde
TL 126174
1 May
8I24
12.3-15.9
Ede
V
9.6-16.4
Cut
£
Rings Cross-St Albans
Houndswood'
TL 158013
2 May
11125
5.5-13.5
Cut
Cl
6.2-12
Cut/
8
8t Pancras-Leic aaaaa
londal'e Hall
TQ 178080
2 May
8128
7.6-12
:latt/
Flat
E
Marylebene-Ayleabury
Vendover Dean
SP 874047
3 Bay
8127
13
101uittil
4.5-5
Cut/
Flat
E
had Fre : 'Ir.//0:91 .ftil 1:: Occur.
Tho cutting is MJb.he r,,Iiis grassland with tinseland bramble
on ballast by line and birch/beech woodland on broad flat
above.The embankment is disturbed and has coarse grass,
bramble,nettle,onk and elder.
Tho cutting is similar to S, but has fescue,low broom and
sorrel also, with oak/birch woodland on flat above. Flat by
line to V has species-rich calcicolous grassland and slope of
embankment has blackthorn scrub.
Very narrow, very poor verge - only 10 Inesles on the 100 e.
Rough herb and *patios-poor Arrhcnotherum and couch grassland.
wIth nnnnnn in patches.Bramble and briar vory sparse
spreading from fence.
7.5-21.2
Cut(4
Lob 4
Flat)
5
Paddington-Birmingham
(via 1111Ceeter)
Beaconsfield
811 926910
3 Day
8128
.
13.8-23
Cut(4
Em4 I.
Flat)
N
0.5.
Flat
8
Chimney branch
Pitch Groan
SP 780027
4 May
..
8129
A. 8 side but with 13 peciea and Ductylia significant.
0.8
Plat

NOTES
WIDTII
11
FORM
SITE NAME RAILWAY LINE SIDE
CRID OF
ACCESS
DATE
RFS
Flowing ditch with holorinetc on damp cinder.Cleared bank
with regenerating :I.rvl:ovioorpon, and hazel etc over ivy with
Vioia rico..ftet. Ipilciite, hirouttei, nettle under shrubs. .
Coarse herb and pecies-poor Arr;;.nrititcrici grasnland plus
Ifogyfir. lirraclr:en and cowslip. Patches of nettle, bramble
and rosebay.A thickot'of Prima' (Wilet deri'Wed from u handful
of largo tree on BR land.
Herb and opening-rich mixed grassland of too,F.Nit:wa,firorrus
(1.....too. 6trry f1a c. with coarser Arrhenizthorom
4.8-5.5
Flot(i
bitch/
Cut)
%Nils
SE
Aylesbury-Princes
RI:thorough
Askott
SP 813053
I
4 May
8130
8.2
NW
9.5-23.3
titott,;1.
NE
Paddington-Birmingham
(via Sister) ni
Piddington
SP 051175
7 May
8131
on ballastbelow rind onflatabove with bramble,as voltas
generalontho lowor parts of the cutting.Recently burntand
with (Whir roorio, As SollDS Lotoo,Illrnefla and lInntago
lAmeolat.7.
Herb nnd specics-poor Arphennthor.ngrassland. often very
awinsy.with areas of brnmblo and mixed thorn scrub.
Herb nnd speclos-poor Arr4:roafin.r:47, with Vioh, h:rfn and-
Crufalw,.: nallbrCSO on disturbed slope to NW.Broad cinder
flathns species-rich Proloco/Poi/Prorr,n gransland.Slope
below hns oak/Rawthorn,and bramble/briar scrub with
i;:.,roi!w-atinq:ic...ioc near cuivertedditch.
Largenroas of Eq.,:oet:ec frl,:o:oid, locally mixed with
A rrh. -,:.:( herir!, U. -ow1nel and Oa:. ima . Some coarse grassland and
hawthorn scrub plus :;;Ifx ffl“7::lin by ditch.
Lnrgo flat by signalbox mainly bramble-covered with areaa of
herb and specios-richfescue grassland,and coarso
Arrit.v:./Ili..is.m.Hawthornscrub onthe slope.Tothosouththo
hankis more sloping and is crossed by atrack.Coarse
grassland offescue, Vr....-,un oreafuo nnd Arrhon,i1;:cilen, with
thiatle and bramble.occurs.
Coarse herb and species-poor Arrhcoathoru, grassland with
sir
7.2-24
;r at &
13-43.5
gob ii
Flat
SW
Euston-Creve
Roads
SP 780508
8 May
11132
10.2-13.2
=1:
NE
E
Euston-Crowe
Ashton
SP 772493
8 May
R133
rE,alai;(11
37-40
14.4-19
Web
II
roscbay And honored to north und below.Southorn end has -
coursn Fr,...ngt CP.70114j graastrind.Scntterodbrambleandlow
thorn bushes.
Mixed herb-pour aaaaa landtothe S of icu:U0::1.,.bro, tro”1,21
eroroto.Ia.:,
Alv4a”.. II;:eivdr,cockafootnnd bent. Inthe N
some coarse reas and some forb-rich turf with Coniaarga and
8-13.5
Cut/
Flat
NE
Euaton-Crewe
Ceyton
SP 714550
!
8-9 May
R134
1111.d=ow 8 end has bramble thickets with nettlo nnd.
Arrh.viitheran, proviouvly burnt.The lower slopes to the N
arc stellar withrosobny.ThereIstalloak woodland with
thorn bushes over P(.4,.lio molLia etc near, thotop oftheslope.
The hrondfist Ursica, rosebay and Arrh..w:t;w:,-in over thick
moss..
0 rnab I o ptche .Nettle tnd and coarse A rrol nkene- gran.
land.Somefescue/P/N: with 41.1(brinc,a and Pc:rotflla ri--;:.:no
Wy Iln'o.:m:Ndierriu and Cirlfle^ ao,mto occur.
Vorysimiler to eastand like Itpassingfromflatin N tolow
embnnkerntin S. Nettle rather commoner nnd less bramble.
Hawthorn hushes art occasionaland ra!io.1 .:1--:riN.! is cotton.
Stopped cutting with horb-poor coarse Aro4wout;:..m.^ on ballast
dumping on upper slope,on'bromdflat above and generally to
N. AMA of Piloocilo, hrathca oviwi, A.,roo:_fs and
FO/Ntrichurs turf occur.The trodden area on tho upper flat
has fOrb-rIch turf.Hawthorn hedge and Invading rosebay.
Less regular bank with aroas of landslip and rotaining walls.
Low calcifuge aaaaa land with scattered oak trees to the N.A
&loiter belt of winos on the upper most flat. Tho $ grassland
IS COrrrrr with Arrhenatherum, rOsobay, Dactylia and bramble
patches. .Cetrildh on bridge.
14-70
Cut/
Flat
SW
3.5-4
Emb/
It
Roade-Northampton
Collingtroe
8P 739555
9 May
8135
:Impt/
3-4.2
W
34
rCluatt/
Flat
C
RoadejNorthampton
Courteenhall
SP 748530
9 May
111311
41-52
Cut/
Flat
W
'
Iwe so an at m am .0. al as am n o no

IIIII MI MO O MOM a MI MOM SW 0 1 01
rivni
NOTES
SITE NAUX RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM
GRID OF
ACCESS
REF DATE
Generally herb und species-poor dr/4”,vgncrlev grassland with
sub-dnwinant Tration roblyr/Ponand frequent woody growth of
11137 10 Ilay SP 735688 Chapel Brampton Northampton-Market Cut°. 9.8-10.8
Narborough
Flat/
ash, hawthorn and bramblo. Some richer patches with eorrel.
Similar but poorer ond coarser with bramble thickets more
extensive and nettle patches. Hawthorn is common noar thu
fence. The other common herbs are Gitt'ufnarefrio.r, Centaurca
nigra end lpflohiir, it:nutletThere aro a fe plants of Ecatuca
longifnlia. A spring line with dripping cliff snd marsh to
the S.
Cutf5 10.7-11.8
Flat
DR NOTTINGHAM DIVISION
Narrow vorgo with linestono ballast and cIndor. Weedy
ArPhoPYI:hrne..1 grassland with mosses on cinder and nettles
adjacent to fence.
Uniform. low roc a000rtifolin and 4:14.rnathrron grassland
vith few herb orates and litter throughout.
The eastern cutting Is covered in bramble and hawthorn. Much
of the rest i coarse herb and species-poor Arri:,*.:athrrie,
11121 27 April SP 807710 Flnedon Dedford-Kettertng SW Flat/ 4-4.8
Cut
NE Flat/ 3-3.5
Eat)
R139 21 May SP 873042 Kibworth Bt Pancras-Leicester NE Cut/ 8.8-16.4
Flat
grasnland. There is elder shadIng nettle, goosegrass and
bogweed in the tussocky eastern area and fescue/1-nd plus
Othor Coarse grassed to W.
More varied. Tho cutting has been burnt and leaves a rather
patchy A).,4:,..inther“, grassland with hogyead and bramble. There
is elder scrub and nettle stands with thistle. The broad flat
haw (oxtail ond couch as well ns Arrhrmilncrw: and a ditch
c ros I eg it.
Almost denuded of vegetation because of drainage work. A fow
shoots of hawthorn survive In the ditch and grass by fenco.
The east end is flat with patchy Arld:4ddrhcrami grassland and
frequent bare Cinders. Fell 1.0:n rul:m/I'm commoner near the
lino. Herb-poor and a few hawthnrn bushes. Tho west end han
dense hawthorn/older scrub over an ivy carpet, with coarse
grows. nottln and goosograsm along the edges. A wet verge to
SR Cut/ 19.5-21.8
Flat
11140 23 May SP 479960 Mornay Yields NOrwich-DirmIngham 8 Flat/ 4.5-3.2
ICT, 11 4-5.4
Flat
the west has Ophirq/crotel, ;I:ouni.:10,q0 etc and the line edge
ham C. rill , : 11C: (117.1':,11;at
The old track bed by tho line hos open herb-rich Arhmri.thr r
rum
grassland plus fescuo/knapweed. The slope has mixed thorn
Arrub with clearing. of Prn,thyrodnel nylvdtien The coarse
ggggg lend to the oast S. basicolous and quite rich. Coarse t
with bramble and nettle on flat above. A number of.gardon
11141 22 May SE 514042 Kirby kitutlo. Leicester-Burton-ea- NE Cut/ 19-28
Trent Flat
Some meadossweat stands and coarse grassland but generally
scrub covered espocially near fence where hawthorn/elder ovor
ivy is found. Elsoshero rsspberry and bramblo undor tall ash
and howthnrn.
Mixed coarse vegetation of bramble thickets with nettle.
diddodtathomum, (Su fir nynrine nn thistle. A dry ditch, no
scrub and frequent ballast tipping.
Coarse ArrIndultnem-grassland, herb and species-poor. Nettle,
totentilln rcrfada, arliust dpnrine and locally brantal. aro
frequent. Scattered sycamore and hawthorn.
Disused sidings, well colonlsod with cnarae herb-poor
Arrh.nualwrun nuar line with foseue and Dcoolvvrpot:, rcrnpitoon
and clomps of Symphyttim x upland:cuff,. Most of the area is
dense fallow scrub over D. cacopitooa, Juncuo and lba
triviatio with seattared hawthorn. Foxtall, hogweed and aettlo
ere Mann. V logged with Lycnnio,sneezewOrt, Carex oualic
BM Cut 19.5-21.5
1184 2 July BK 871163 BrOoksby Nervich-Dirmingham N :lb: 4.8-4.8
Flat
8 Emb(1. 3-4
Flat)
11185 3 July 8% 280205 Derby Airport BtOlte-OR-Trent-Derby 8 Crulaut(11 20

NOTES
WIDTH
11
RAILWAY LINE. SIDE FORM
cm ar
REF DATESITE NAME
ACCESS
at;(6 25-28 Drier and grassy, almost throughout. Ballast and cinder
produce, shallow soils with Ain; ”arycithylIcannd 12,:,Ta
rrplitri:I. generally coarse Arrdondl.;:cm,m gransland with
fencuo, Trinet4,,, couch, ron, Holew, leno:Ns, bent locully
Important in the horb-poor sward. Patches of branblo and
U.1.4Pinc.:11.4 ,110Pcr. T4 has low cutting at edge with thorn
thicket. Some markedly base-poor areas have a lot of i440x
- R186 3 July 88 328309 Stemma Field. Derby-Birmingham 8 ilatt/ tii
10-12 Flea with ridge behind sufforing.much dt;mping of licestone
ballast. Tall rosebay stands aro common and coarse herb and
Cub species-poor Alph.”Whorum is the. other major cover. totha
Is common on the ballast and Mow nglin with hawthorn on
tho untippnd upon part near tho fence. 1::nquilorLa and
tar 1!ye ter r thim,:?.
Flat/ 7.2-7.4 Rough, herb-poor ArAematenfT grassland with a little fescue
Cut nnd couch. Patches of Trifoli:al r.:!furr:aro common. There Is
abundant ballast dumping on many parts and low bramble is.
beginning to colonise it, with hoorayed and :.,:,wcio :,:'::-.0SNC.
Cut/ 7 Coarse and ovargrown but recently sprayed near line. Woody
R1 87 4 July SK 286515 Deightom Hill WIrksvorth branch
(from Duffield) Flat grokth st Ash, hazel, Porn conicm'ia, bramble and nir74:: ncar
fence over mercury, nettle, az(fren aparinc and n few shnde
speelas. Wesobay stande are common. Rough Arrh.:nn:;:rrun
grassinnd with cocksfoot and herbs derived from scrub occurs
by line.
.
If Cut/ 9.6-9.g
Including stagnant ditch which had no aquatic flora but had
Flat
abundant rilow .1ioicannd meadowssret along the banks. Alder
and Ar..I. spp are common near the fence and by the ditch over
Gil inn onwino, nettle where dnnper and rosebay, bramble,
/01,. Nal-u'llin where drier. Rough Ar )) . ”‘it;:4”.ur) locally noar
d eir..ffd p.S.
8166 4 July 81t 339532 Crawford Canal Matlock branch 8 Flat 2-4.5 ,Z ' en:. ballast flat to wall colonised by young trees of birch.
(from Ambergate) enh. larch, sallow and Iii'arna-; or:(ia.-:. Partly shaded by
,
trees on noighbouring land tno. Arrk - u2t;:enc-, h',7r.: “ezuu::tin
and (onto:a...a n:,/ro Are occasional colonising bare ballast,
and Pis...lin le found sparingly.
2-4 Narrow ballast bank to wall covered in ivy. The ballast has
Cut/
Flat young omk and ash, plug o lot of bramble. Sycamore and
(1:r,i...74virio grow in tho n where pntchy grassland of
R189 4 July SK 388569 Toadholo Furnace Dorby-Cbosterfield NW
lob 13 Slope largely covered in dying elm scrub over an unstable
ballast ..... . Ash is locally Important, as are hawthorn and
older but there is little ground cover except fallen twigs.
Nettle and Aline, urniwc, survive near bottom, and the track
edge hnn patches of Ar,41.”1/2:.'run with brnmble and clover.
dic:ca and rosebay under hawthorn.
73 hns dense bramble thickets wIth emergent rosebay. Patches
65 ;7b.: 15-16
of damp coarse Arr);.”va);.,:len pre found by a ditch at the foot
of tho 'Ilona. An area of quite rich grassland with 74nderCids
and Potrrilet survives In thin area where the &on have been
removed. T4 fs however very similar to the NW, but rea
trinialio is frequent under the elm, reasons is commoner on
the flat below.
R190 5 July 88 446405 Stoaeyford Long Eaton- 8 Cut(& 10-11
Tory herb and spocies-poor grassland with abundant matted .
Chesterfield Flat) .
litter. A mixture of Volcua mollie, Agroccis tcnoiR sad
Arrhenntherum. Hierddihm sp (group Sabauda) Is common and
Linaria oulgario Is frequent on dumped ballast with rosobay
and nonilago. Bramble patches and sycamore scrub aro locally
imports@ plus oak.
Arrii...:4!).run and tell rosebay stands givo significant cover.

um no
no
no an
Ns am am
WIDTH
NOTES
RAILWAY LINESIDEFORM
GRID OF
REFDATE SITE 14A103
ACCESS
'Cut(& 15 Gransland very similarto thaton E but with verylittle
Flat) Arris,,,athrr4r. and rather more extensive bramble patches which
are associated with rosobay. Holand grown with hawkweed,
Centflureg nigrn and rOsehay. Bent Is found with Fur.):
arrfortqla and Areiwn?Lh.trnm with bramble, Lin.lria and
LrweonOn--,:ch.Polluted? Bramble burnt.
7.2-7.8 Coarse herb and pecies-poor Arrinntherun grassland with much
litter.Bramble patches occasionaland a lot of low hawthorn
is colonising,occasionally with elder.Dentpicks outtho
less disturbed parts and Is Maroon there, awria eulgaria is
frequenton ballast.Flatto SE,cuttingto NO.
NE Flat/
Cut
111915 July66 484548 Kirkby Mine Pyo Bridge-
Shirebrook
611 Flat/ 8-10 The cutting slope and flat here have a vegetation similar to
Cut NE but with more bramble and associated rosebay, plus
occasionally cl“avers.Invading hawthornisrestrictedto 74.
Some More herb-rich parts are found where burning has happened
with Vida cracol and rirp:!nella ftdor.
BR BIRMINGHAM DIVISION
R13811 MaySP 498323 Aynho Omford-Birmingham V Flat 4-4.8 Very disturbed and ballasted with a long species list.
Hawthorn bushes occur,nottle nnd Gutiton aparine with coarse
Arrhenatherun grassland. The more open flatis species-rich
F.'nlicao/ion turf with areas of Brom.c aterilic plus ephemeral&
Goma burning has occurred.
Emb/ 4.0-4.9 The slope is coarse Arr;:urathcrum with nettle and ran;r:4:7COrba.
Ditch Soma places 110100 CUtregenerating scrub of hawthorn with
nettle,cleavers, ,ttliaric and Cl.,okora.The ditch hasa good
wetland vegetation and the edge by the fence rich grazed
c.n
turf. Along peC I ealist with linrcU (Nen. -4
R14223 MaySP 484470 Cropredy Paddington-Birmingham Emb/ 11.3-15 Patchy acorn vegetation Ith nisch recent heavy ba1 a t tipping
(via Bleestel) Flat Bramble and nettle,coarse herb-poor Arr;:rozukrrte.: and
intermediates. Briar and hawthorn nre also common.
Emb/Flat 7.8-12 Thorn in small ballaat flat by the line with Vulpfa
brornilen and rilerella with forz/Fentuonor Frc=ir, erectup,
01194wroflu'rur, 'tad :.rn‘nrnthenrat in coarser edges. Tho slopes
are covered in CI bramble and I:lerniu thicket with abundant
emergent nettle. Bomu coarse grass does grow on the slope to
the N where ash is common.
11217 0 August SO 837743 Boobrook DMoitolch-Kidderminater T Cut/ 7.2-9.4 Flat by the line turns from herb-poor Arrhccalheral at TI with
Flat nettle, Vicen otnicori end roa to a in.ta erectuj grassland
with pub-deal nant Immo nd scattered Pc? and CervinvUlua at
72. The slope At 71 is lialc:do rlollir grassland with young oak
and that at 121mAgrontin tenuia with lioloun moit::a/
Arrhr,:ath. ruPl.
Flat/ 8.4-8.2 The broad flat st T3 is foc/Frati.c,ruhr7/Huirus
Cut grnss 1and locally herb-rich vith abundant Gru?:.a. 71 hos
considerable ballast dumping and a patchy surviving vegetation
of coarse Arrhenothemt plus a handful of young oaks.
Tripiinm nrdrnar and rrlreio viocovuo present. '
9218 7 August SP 022711 Alin/aura Reddlteh branch K Flat 2-2.5 Overgrown and woody with bramble thickets going over to young
(fiom Strut Green) hawthorn, oak and ash with briar in a mixed deciduous scrub.
ConvolOnlun on scrub margins and patches of coarse
irchcoq0:orum, fescue, couch and Holcuo lanatus by lino and
fence.
14 Flat 3-4.8 Also generally scrubby with ash/oak and older scrub plus dense
bramble thickets. The 1100 side has rough Arrhena:herum/
fescue aaaaa land Or patches of pant and Galet aparind.
Rosobay arid brier are occasional.

WIDTH
CRID OF
SITE NAYS RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM
REF DATE
ACCESS
13-38
Cutting to S has coarse horb-poor fescuc/Areiru.m/PMG
grasniand with briar colonising. The brood flat above moro
E Flat/
Cut
R219 7 August SP 104720 Wood End Birmingham-Stratfordupon-Avon
(orbs with couch, hawthorn plus meadowsweet, thistle,
ranyliaragri; cowslip, rereafuht and Aichnra'lla.The broad
flat at 72 hats mixed willow scrub over nottlo, PoAc;:arpvia
nnerpitora..44inhi:e9hircutam and meadowsweet. There arc'
good sordon-rich drimp clearings.
Gonerolly horb-poor Arrhowal;r:wm occasionally with Fortuna
rhiwn Important, or Aiarroqruo, Circlum anornro lorally
V Cut/ 10-12
Flat
common. Large ***** of dense blarkthorn-scrub with nettle on
the edges. Strong symptoms of spraying on a wide scale.
The northern part is mixed herb-poor calcifugo gradsland of
Uolour rolli,/tCntiom rahro with couch and kwantr 'tenuis.
11320 8 August SS 104041 Shonstono Lichf1old-D1rmingham W Flat 374
Spars., nettlo occurs. Southward it runs by a copse and has
bramble, ry-phcrio-wrAo, nettle and Gali4 ,;GrYIP:.N.?in
partial shade of pine. poplar, Aoor and elder In copse. 12 is
beyond thin but similar wItit enlyrtegia/hogweed and a .grest
dent Of COMO Arre.n;:,:t;:oum r ,.
rlai 4.2-4.8
Cenorally grainy with the northern end sinilar to T1 but-with
loss Bmi.nd relotivo to thc fescue and bent. Roc ent In
revInge, Vienwium aro and ciro:u, arvenao occur. The southern
portion is comer grans I and , Irr/b-e-it;;.-tnet: with patches of
finer turf. Hettlo, Cinola” arvcnrr and hogwcod aro common
with occasional low bushes.
The low cutting and flat at 11 han birch woodland with onk and
sallow understorey. Ground cover of ivy and sparse grasnes
especial ly aolour ”nti . Bracken and brnoblo in open undergrowth.
To SE on eabanknont and flat below is oak/birch
8221 8 August SP 112971 Lady Wood Water Orton-Wcasall Sif Cut/ 8.6-16
Emb/
Flats
-
cr
woodland over hawthorn and older with an undergrowth of
bramble nnd a ground cover.of Onochannin !Irma,
nettle, bonnet!, otc.
The medium cutting at TA has open onk woodland giving .ynbove
NW Cut/ 3.2-8
Flat
to hnwthorn/sycamoro scrub of hedge. Orrnb lc coarse grass
sparse underneath 1'3 in a donne hedgerow of hawthorn/oak/ash
wIth n littlo bramble/greed by line
The northern nrca Us a flat Of hawthorn Scrub with a little
Arrh.”bak.mn under it. The cutting to tho south has conrse
grassland. of Arrhenalhorur%Ithaylia snd Horoar nral::'r with
senttered birch nnd romebay. The (Int above is dercher.pala
firsNona aaaaa lond under hedge of birch, onk and hard. with
P. corppftono, Ivy, Arroatil ttmaio and holc;,3 nollin in lower
lying pnrts of the flat.
nrond flat by T4 is covered sallow scrub giving way near fence
to sycamore woodland. Woundwort, nettle, bramble ond G1 1Can
(gamier. below and hawthorn hedge st boundary. Rough
Arr;Wd./0:.trum and tAcntha rociaLlifolia by line. The Cutting At
'73.in similar to 72 but with Coco:Air- pain flcruccc dominant on
upper bank. The dta either sIde of the line have been heavily
sprayed - grass dead.
Much of the side S. high retaining stone wall almost bora of
vegetation except few acrocarpous mosses and fine grasses.
It runs adjacent to canal hank and has some wetland. plants
on the wall top. T2 is just beyond the wall end; has an overgrown
hawthorn bodge with sycamoro and rough Arrhcrtthcmr,
11222 9 Augusy SJ 682033 Dawl y Pares H orsohay branch SW Flat/ 6-P
(from Llghtmoor & Cut
Radoloy Junctions)
NS Flat/ 16.6-19.3
Cut
11223 9 August 8.3 670050 Woodsido Duildwas branch - 8 Cut/ 6-7
(from Madoloy Flat
Junction)
by line.
on am In no a=Mos an no am ens

MI
111
MI MI a a Mit ION
I= a
a I=
MO a
WIDT1
II
GRID OF
NOTES
SIDEF011.11
RAILWAY LINE
SITE NAME
REPDATE
ACCESS
The flat st 74is ballast and has recently cut privet under o
sycamore tree.A little Annheaathomen, ivy and Caly“lcgin
survive. 73 has boon cut and sprayed,as well as ballasted by
the lino, but the upper elope is birch, sycamore and ouk
woodland over ri, i4A, Conylce, oak and hawthorn near line,
and hen:haat'. hrnmble and bracken above.
Ridgesat ilhave horb-rich bet species-poor loana:ati:erala
grassland with mats of ConvolvalNa and nettle stands.
Arnaavsafa and game bramble. The higher cutting at T2 etc has
Hoi..uo millin/Avrhennth^rum grassland with ballast and
Kquicelca below; couch/fescue and young elm scrub with bramble
above and on flat.
Ridge at 74is heavily ballasted with Arnacactl:omr, bramble,
nettle and teceantlwavam. Toward 73,the elope is essentially
like 74 butfoscuo Is also significantend thero is much bare
ground,plus little olm scrub.The flat above hero is
Agrcniin tenuio/pon/Aerbon,thame, grassland. BwohypedENrn
rianatum by cepa to W.
86-27 Cut/
Flat
84.7-11.2
Shrewsbury-
Wolverhampton
8 3 805051Albrighton
R22410 August
(Flat/
:::)
N
(Flat/4.5-11.3
:::)
DR CREWE DIVISION
Cutting to S has areas of coarse mixed often quite herb-rich
. arnasland of Arnarnathanna,Ica,Pactaca and awfylin with
Aehflica milinfallua, cowslip, Ceataarra nignr: and hogweed
common.Low bramble thicket above and spreading.Embankment
to N hum coarse grass byline:couch, nolona nolli:' snd fescuq
brnmhiethickets below and a donna nettle stand atfoot.
Cutting mainly coveredin high dense Oramale thicket with
emergent hawthorn.Track-side has conrso herb-poor mixed
grassland.The embankment has n low bramble thicket. which has
been recently aprayed.
Coarso herb-poor grnssland of Agropyron and Arrachatl:erum with
Pea,Abc:ilin, rescue and occasionalhorsetailend nettle.
Deep und wide atill-wator ditch with bramble festooning banks;
locally with cleavers.Dare soilbanks with moss by water.
Nettle stand mixed with coarise grusse: Agropyren nd
Anyhanafheran:, plus cleavers and Marron pm'encia. Some
bramble and an aldar bush. ElicM,"%al present,the bank Is by
farm and a number of arable weeds grow hero, :;an:cia
uulaanin temp li:Adathe.
Tallthick hawthorn hadge over Calicrania an'('
and Uni:ca, .
with scattered bramble.Patches of Alliania and Ve:valcc
nablnbel'a are also present.The front edge by tho lino has
coarse Ari*oluilkeme, grassland,herb and spocies-poor.
Narrower S part has med ix rough vegetation of Fortuca rutru,
bramblo and Arrhemithor:c7with low hawthorn bushes. 7ho track
side st TO Is similar but Is F...ataca/ral grassland, Tho bulk
of tho flat however 1s covered 1n rosobay, bracken and llama
mania with patches of Mercurialic, Endymion and prlarose.
Bramble, couch, hogweed and Arrhematherumla patches. Lowhedge
byfonce..
Disturbed cinder and ballast wIth bunkers and huts. Open low.
bramblo and grass especially Vulpla mjunaa, Poa prateraio
and Arrhenatharum.Some low sallow bushes. Cochlcaria dcnica
X9.0 Cut/
Lab
Crew e-Bhrewsbury
SJ 564442Oss Mere
5 June
R159
If7-8 Cut/
Emb
NVFlat/9.9-11.2
Diteh
Chesterwliolyhesd
SJ 348663Saltney
7 June
R162
SWFlat5.6-6.6
MFlat4
Wrexham-Birkenhead
SJ 298601Black Brook
7 June
11163
XFlat4 - 9,
SWFlat4.2-6.6
Cbestor,Holybead
11164
8.1 117838Falser,
18 June
on ballast of used line.

NOTES
WIDTH
II
FORM
SIDE
RAILWAY LINE
BITE NAME
GRID OF
ACCESS
DATE
REF
73 is a low open bramble thicket with Arrhi:nntteru",
Al.”7:W.Wi0 and scattered Gelihn: a:vu”'no. Thereisthen a signal
box. A long hedge of rq/ir pwgiiin, pine nndlarch goes -
behind74.Ivy forms n carpet with Armor:win,bramble,
Gerenfur: 1441:.an:e end coarse grans.Elm is also common with
garden escapes and Sittlethrium ot.iontnlo.
Mixed rough vegetation with open ballast grassland by line
richin specie..The bank is bramble thicket with abundant
bindseed.nettle, aili“mnrurine, ur:,enno and
acattered hawthorn.Alittle tpilohihm hirnulle, is on the
fist at the,foot of 72. Ouremorldnum.
The ballastflat by the line hasivy carpets and patches of
LYntrintkuc, with ittninetun tnItnarea %here ItIs coarser.
The elope at 73 hon reed and bramble with orw.:fle.
3.7-4.7
Flat
SE
Emb/
13-15
8
Ch 00000 -Holyhead
Llanddulas
SH 916783
19 June
8165
14
FElmab:
Flat
74 hentallsycamore scrub over n continuousivy carpet with
nettle. Voteritoe,:7n:io9:it...I noda few other bosicolesoccur.
Very narrow ballastflat to weby ll River Cen.ay.Very sparse
vegetation of ephemerals,sycamore shoots. fed:cr app.North
ofthe site it widens to give a broad rocky grauwflat with
sbundnnt Anfhyllin,Lethd and Atreria.
The bank is coarse grassland of Arrhenatker4T, with P.:,:hc4/
rem and R ,c: i,i in. Large patches of bramble;also Onon in
rorow and Vfeiq him ,4/22.The foot of tho bank has a muddy
0.6
Flat
T aaaaa yoydd branch
(from Llandudno)
Bryn Eisteddfod
SS 802707
19 June
RIGS
9.8
Emb/
Flat
saline flat vith fescue gresslnnd on edge giving way to
Flant4,0 C-u, .,se:epe jock fn r, tr:*t. intand
Coehlefria; and Inec:nellic otc. rrertinri clumps arc out on
the muditself.-
9.6-13
Cut
(Flat)
SE
Trawsfynydd branch
(from Llandudno)
Tal-y-cafn
SH 787717
19 Juno
R167
I
: 0
71 hns recently cut elm scrub,now with negligible plant cover
onlower slope bar adventivo brnble.ItstillisintactwIth
m
bramble briar undergrowth nenr the fence. 72 ban mixed forbrich
cenrse vegetation of bramble,nettle,ferns and hogweed,
with patches of Arrho:.,:herhn. Viein trils7sporra: of broad
flatto Sin area between 71nnd 72 with 1..ruocn;;;o7ur.
nryophytes common.
13 above river-has coarse ArrLenofherumand couch/fescue with
anninft1.-laet:enalii. 74 has open patchy dry grants:and to a
6.4 - 7.8
Flat/
Cab
NT
wallotth 11010:isGetveliten :h.q.durt and./..cr12;,.^
lh.terep;:nllten. Ivy and Arum by wall. Teueri.h-1 and bramble
elsewhere.
Lust of the site is a-dense high brnoble thicket.71 however
la more open and has herb and species-rich dry es:wed
grassland of All4hnhitr-.rum/Pon/p.:Thra plus abundant-
Lc In';:trikr1 and /HOT/ lie. Much Pa I last chewing near theline
support P (ollotordrnsin and Catfarfne ot o
AgnIn the W part is bramble-covered,but with energent
ayeamoro. 74 is generally bramble thicket also but much lowsand
more open (c 701, cover) with ArrhendIrwraVIcocue lu the
gems.
Dread cinder flats of old idings with sparse grassland of
spp., Anrentin tntnuin, ArArnttherk,5 ;fiery:of:el
op with frequent Musei.There aro scattered birch and itte:iicja
bushes.FOrther from the line, tho cover Is more extensive
but similar in maka-up if richer In species.Thereis then
lov.cutting slope covered in deciduous scrub of sycamore
with ash, lo and birch ever an ivy carpet with nettle and
lAllopleria scattered.
Rough ealcifuge grassland of Holeun molted and Arrheratherum
with patches of low oak scrub, especially Quercuo cerria
11-12
Cut/
Flat
Chstn-Holyhead
Drygyfylchi
SH 738780
20 Jude
11108
10-17
Cut/
Flat
8
32
S
Flat/
Cut
Chester-Holyhead
Medal Bridge
SH 640709
20 June
R102
3.2-3.5
Flat
plum bramble.
lon r we r r a Se raimar

a I= NW. OM
MI MO 1111 M O NM
NM
NOTES
GRID OFWIDTH
SITE NAMERAILWAY LINESIDEFORM
ACCESS11
REFDATE
71 ham nixed grassland of railluviLaurin, Aletyiia,
An(hapluchum,ikuchturaia ear:Tito:a?, Pcntuca Holcua
lanataa and Arijirudihernm. It is herb-100r with a little low
bramble. Soma hawthorn scrub by stream valley over Dryopteria
and Crmtaium lue:dum.T2 Is coartie bXemble and Arrhenctkoram
mixture on a low umbankment. Clihiog!casum recorded.
The flat uf 74 hae very similar grassland to 71 but drier
with bent instead of Peachampain.73 on tho eobankment is also
mixed grassland but wIth fescue most common. Hawthorn scrub
11.1tw. i;:teric7r1
Coarme herb-poor grassland dominated by 0,0tylir, with Pon,
P..ntuca rubm: and HOIChi IIMILUn, plus 8000 ArlilWPilthOrtel. A
few hawthorn and bramble areas. dosienc and Cochlear:a
ofyiei.urlia in shorter grassland. plus Hyparicam hien-guru:, on
cinder edge.
Similar but with Dactylinand iinfi.onint.Hort co-dominant. There
811411878 PeorhynAmlwch branchVFlat/ 2-4
(from Gaervon/nab
RI7021 June
Flat/ 1.0-3.2
Emb
8171 21 June 88 421008 Dwygtr ...nisch branch SE CUt/ 3.2-4.4
(from Gaorwen) Flat
aro a number of gorse bushes and o little bramble.
71 In a low cutting with a runnel at.its base full of Silenc
seedlings, fAvexi and 4Initurfihn. The bank is coarse mixed
grassland of 0trtyiia, arehaaatheran, Pon trivialic, Cilanc
dirica and Ceraaiam mi....miaow", plus Ury0plerfa.tnis and 74
cleared of scrub in 1979.7210 flat with a narrow water
ditch and similar grassland to 71. '
73 Is n very narrow flat, rare.] to produce a quite rich turf
of fescue/bent sith CCPDX flacon. Aim: etc. 74 scrub stumps
and much ;:ilene Tamua, GrInoiam robcrtian:c and ivy.
Thorn regnneratIng.
NW Cut/ 4-4.8
Flat
3172 21 June Lii441787 Ty-mayr Amlwch branch OW Cut/ 4.7-0.6
(from Gaerven ) Flat
NS Flat/ 1.8-5
Cut
01
Narrow flat toward station ls cinder with herb and speciesrich
rd.i/feoceo/bent grassland with much Evperi.N.r. and
resehay. Embankment to mainly bramble, briar and thorn
with patches of coarse Arrhenathcram.
Much very donee blackthorn scrub with no ground cover. Patches
of elder scrub, also with bramble, nettle, and aili,,ararire.
Grassy areas have coarse Arrh.a..Iteram wIth fescue, T.:uor:um '
and /rnx,E.CHei.tepid:um horcrapV14,r- with PhIolialZa and
8173 22 June .88 349723 Ty-croims Cheater-Nolyhoad NE Flat/ 1.2-0
Lab
6-9
" :7b2
Anihoilini%:um on cinder above. Stone walls on both sides havo
small ferns etc. Carer urenarfa on cinder by lino.
71 is a low cutting to W with coarse Fcntura robiv graselond
by the lino and brumblo/nottle near fenCe. 72 Is a low
embankment with hawthorn scrub, branhle, horsotall and Immo
more coarmo grassland.
Cinder flat with %atria myun'r grassland. Fraturn and
otolunifora, with Trifoliwa thebiamand /.:.:dicago
8174 24 June 84 346100 Westbury Shrewsbury-Aberystweth 8 Cut/ 3.4
Lob
Plat 3.2-6.6
lopolica plus ribwort making it forh-rich. 74 Is considerably
coarser and has Arrhenx.hemea/Azetyler dominant with bramblo
ond clover. A largo patch of Col:twill:n.0 and some
firlietatrichon pracenne. Darer cinder covered in moss and
lichens.
Bramble thickots, some donso and somo more open or colonising
Allgo”utiherkm coarse grassland, with Ciraium aruennc,
fescue, Thrailngo. hogwcod. hormeiall,.couch and AnOxrcritkum.
Upper edge by fence grazed and shorter ***** land wtth similar
species, richer and much ri.bwort.
Vory stollar but bramble gonorally denier ond more extensive.
with largo nettle patches plea Ciraium arberac. Arrhenatherum
Is coarse wItb Silena alba. Some soil disturbance allows in .
arable weeds. Probably pollutod from agricultural runoff. '
2175 24 June 88 534122 Upton 118gna Shrowabury- 8 Cr 1:!: 10-13
Wolverhampton
Cut(h 10.5-12
Plat)

WIDTH
NOTES
RAILWAY LINESIDE FORM
SITE MICE
1
GRID OF
ACCESS
REF DATE
11170 23 JUno SI 381203 SOnberns Wroxham-Shrowsbury NE Cut/ 4.2-4.8 Low ridge covered in dry mixed gramsland of Arrhanatnerivn
Elate and Pca roatcrsio. plus b:a!ylin, fescue and some low
bramble. Locally herb-rich with Lroapia rcprnr and Cenfnurc
reabiora. A numbor of annuals on bollost at foot of slope.
6-0.3 Coarse gruealand of couch with Arrhitathcrwytaa plus
SW Cut/
Flat
brnmblo/briar. Locally horb-rich with little couch, and
much Man.:actor and CiAblUIVA COGbio. Many grasp species
havo significnnt covor values.
11177 23 June 87 433222 DaschUreh Wrexham-Shrewsbury SW Cut/ 4.0-4.8 Both tbo cutting to the NW and embankment to SE have coarae
Emb mainly herb-poor AiThtn:mther(angrassland. locallW with fescuecommon.
Brnmble I. encroaching and TaluIrcloo/Siirna alba
aro common with Fraonia snd nettle/Cieencrit in conrser parts.
Fqw.r.(bmlocally common. .
NE Cut/ 4.2-4.8 Cenclnlly similar but flatlyr in herbn and more licterogenous.
Emb
hill:yMO prat,taio, Marengo lanoralnta,
yarrow with nettlo and Anihria.a,o in ranker areas (embankment)
aro the common forbe. Locally Centnorea neabiona and
Lmadia are abundnnt.
9178 23 June SJ 293350 Pontre Aaron Wrexhan-Shrowsbury Cut(to
7
Area of fairly recont ballast.and cinder tipping colonieed
- 8
Flat)
by abundant itioalartwn with Ar74:rf101i:eriel. Aprontfl
OfOlOniritt and n number of tall herbs quite common. Bramble
is occasional ond 04(o:omhimiel has significant cover value.
Z
goru diverse. There are aorta areas with csawhtially the same
itaCtl; " al vegotallon. but much of it is dry herb end species-rich .
banicolous gransland. Armf:romiti'..tmr,. nnd fescue with imihr:44,-
CI.O!..;:W.'4netthfora, V:Wel ontir.: sap nint - 1, hogweed and sumo
low brnmble. Proriin fn,rtijo has a lnrge clump at T4. .
Kn.:ut it:, Imf:ariq end Lintel locally cocoon. .
11179 26 Juno SO 195970 Montgomery Shrewsbury-Aberystwyth N Thu mite hap hnd a great deal of ballast tipping-and shows
Tgl pb el: B."
miens nf burning. The main cover is bramble, generally in s
low open thlckot with emergent nettle nnd thistle. Ash is
occnsionni.and Arr;: -:na:;:e1.1, - ; grassland local non:- fence.
8 Flat le 9-10
Low cutting 'Ilona In w et 73 ham coarse ArmL.7nath.,
Lab 4
grnms/and with fuscue nnd bramble, plus huFT.c66 und swop
Cut cowslip. Couch .and bramble occupy the flat above 1.ith thistle,
I
Install ctc. Tho embankment at 74 hns mixed coarse
vegetation of bramble, oak bushes, Arrhei:atiicen.n, Galiva.
gyn.:no and nettle, the latter becocing dominant.at foot of
alopo. .
11180 20 June 50.164951 Abormule Shrewsbury-Aberystwyth Cut/ 7-8 By the line horb and species-poor Arohmmafhera.T grassland
Flat
often with Fat ;,14(emnim co-dominnnt. Patches of 1:..ilarfel
1
k,q001.A. plum foscuo occasionally common. Above and on flat
turnm to low oak scrub with a locally thick undergrowth of
briar and bramble. Cle,jani and trympteriT common. Meadowsweet
and damp grass by fence. -
10-10.6 Generally a scrubby bank with oak, rose and hawthorn docinant
over bramble and a good variety of forbs underneath. Damp
acid to neutral grassland occurs near the line and where
grazing hoops bushos down by the fence. rieeLincCiOrme:,
Aletylin, Antittrtinthun and fescue etc. Linaria >Tacna
Alliont yip:cafe.
Cut/
S
Flat
8101 27 Juno 60:400901 All StrottOn Shrowsbury-Nowport £ 111 9.6-10 Species-rich mixed aaaaa land made up of roa plut.7ncis.
ArrheriatLirun, hnthotwithte, nd Holcoa lanctuc. Horh-rtch with
Loaaanthcn4m,ilypochacria, Trifoliie, pratcnac, Cantaarca n:gra
and Cirnium arucmad all locally common. Soma low bramble
invading. Ant-hills int aaaaa diversity. Crossland vury
noterogenous.
I= mis ..11= mo -- a -NM

sim a mmo n nom no =I I= 1.1
117Ill
NOTES
8ITE NAME RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM
GRID OF
ACCESS
REF DATE
Generally much conroor and poorer with rosebay/bremble/
briar thickets, and ranker fescue gransland. Hovevor local
area, have very rich turf with Fettuanrubra, Pluntego
lanorointa,Frog:win,Agnootio Ainantnuo,
Lrnanebarten,Viola riviniana, yarrow and Anthosantkum all
common.
Site domlnatod by rank nettle tands With moadowaweet,
thitle, Sitrna hogweed and locally Annhen,Itndr:Ca
and bramble in a outrophIcated tall herb vegetation. A
clear fropt-flowing stream panties along the bank, but with
little or no pecifically wetland vegetation.
Much more species-rich, being a coarse Arpbanettlialnun or
fescue/couch grassland with Viola riviniond common us well as
the rank nottlo, Staebys oyluatioa, Cfral:C1 bramblo,
horsetail and goo/sect-ass more typical.of the W. A few elder
bushes.
Coarse Arrhenatbcpwl/Fentuca ruhnz grassland rather speciespoor
but often herb-rich with lotonfilla roptnno,
tananntnal-:om, hogwood and yarrow passing into a bramble
thicket on the uppor lope. Locally there arc species-rich
patches of Pan, Tritletu, Anthomontbunwith Genmi:o,
pyrromirm, etc.
Much of tho bank is covered in tall rosebay stands, with
thistle, couch and bramble. Slopes near the lino arc more
grassy and locally species-rich having Arphen.:threhm/fescuo
with APM.:01,:lit: aoria, C:ntatel`a".7 hell:weed and
//pleririe: ^170:41e7 tit,. Ba 'last t livings have 7:on iian0 and
canna grans.
Generally herb and species-rich mixed and grazed calcifugo
turf. Anractic tannin, fescue and Antbominthtoo with botun
yarrow, clover and buttercup. The rougher E part ham bracken
and bramblo with Ctli:el atarina and nettle emergent. Holo:ifi
nol 1:1 grassland is found by the ecas
Flat at 73 has napfn bromoidto and Pettanfilla an,iliaa by
cons. Tho fescuts/Enliym'olthmn (orb and species-rich caicifugo
grassland with yarrow and bryophytes. A more intensely grazed
arca near the funco ban rrifolisaa ',donna, Arpootin and rtbwort
Cut(& 7 - 7.6
Flat)
14182 27 June 80 442912 Little Stratton Ohrewsbury-Newport W Flat/ 8.6-9.0
Ditch
Flat 2.7-3.2
11.5-14.6
11183 28 Juno EU 266374 Cbirk Chaster-Shrewsbury E CIA(I,
Flat)
Cut(i 10-12
Flat)
9102 0 July 8N 648797 Capol Bangor Vale of Rheidol SW Flat 1.5-2.7
Light Railway
NE Cab/ 2
Flat
Good flora with milkwort. bilberry, l'orunfoo affluinalia,
Ain: app. Tho hank at 74 in unstable With bramblo and
blnekthorn and generally coarser grasses.
M aher W part hu e, nixturo of herb and specles-rich ea le (fugal
grassland and encroaching scrub. Fescue/bentand Antncrdntbum
9193 10 July SN 677784 Abornant Yale of Rhoidol SE Cut 2.5-8
Light Railway
wIth tormentil etc and tuftn of coarser grasses. Onklhazel
scrub 61th bramble and apply cooing in. Eastward line goes
into OAk Wood And DR bank is Authom:mthum/SolirICod/
Dana;:a-pni fla.nnora grassland with much moss, foscuc and
patches of Pala:Tyr:4m, dooiona also here.
Western part is enlcifuge turf of fescue/Bent, herb-rich with
tormentil. Gotta, and Ldantodon.Some bramblo and heather. In
the woodland 73 io an opon bramble thicket with honeysuckle
snd ferns plus birch. Good species list for small alto.
Unstable rocky slope with patchy vegutation of calcifugo
grasses (bent, notboxanthu, and Daocnopoia flexuooa), tall
herbs (foxglove and Toucrium) and sparse bushes (Oak and
birch). Tormantil common. In burnt aaaaa Vaccinitc, nyrtillus
and Caltuna, plus Malinia and Muse/ aro Common. Cut into Side
of hill and line goes round bluff.
NV Flat 1.5-1.7
2104 10 July 82 726777 Rhi w Yale of Rheidol S Cut 4-2,7
Lignt Railway

IrlDnt Bons
GRID OF
RAILWAY LINESIDE FORM
SIM NASD
REF DATE
ACCESS
nib 2.6-12.2 Generally similar vegetation on otholo acres and ballast slopo.
Fern tufts aro common and the higher slope hns a more ur less
continuoun vegetation cover of low birch scrub ovor menses.
Tete-pi:4r; and Violet rivintdna. The lower edge has D. fIrruoaa
dominant under oak from adjacent Woodland. Lowman° And Crntio
present.
RIOS 11 July SS 004395 7rewsfynydd 7rawafynydd branch E Flat/ 14-21 Damp calcifugo grassland with patches of fern and tall herb. .
(from Llandudno) Cut Dent, fescue, Anthoarnthum, Sioglingin and Nan!“3 plus
rushes, sneesewort, tormontil, holcun mollin, hgperichen
nioulntun end fl4tanch.72.1 chlorantha. Disturbed oreas have
much 11-ilobfum montam.n, el., 00000 and sorrel. Sallow crub
occurs near 72 over orchids, wetland forbm and Corr;
pollrme.wo. Some hawthorn, fila.vo rpp and bracken. cgror
nrenoren on cinder.
Flat/ 24-30 Dread cinder flats covered in open turf of clover. Agroutio
.
Sub otcleafemt, PrunrIla nod trontodon cut:on:alio plus
Cigar-odium rigidun and Vulp:o miler-sr. Coarser with low
bushes near the line. By buildings at S end (74) mixed turf
with much Cynoouruo and ferns on old platform. Embankment at
M odgo mainly bracken ovor fiO1cl1 1 70/Ii.
N100 11 July SD 403374 Glimillynnau PwIthell branch N Plat 6.6-11 Generally mixed dry colcifugo grassland of lio:cuo relLio,
- (from inchyntleth A
Awrk..eath..run, 11-h.tyli;., FYa(itta odinn, Agroutiu tenuin and
Shrewsbury) Peer spe. There aro largo patches of Tcurr:un recrudcnin
and some aroas haVo been burnt recently. Clit:ruc especially
hes suffered. Sono bramble patches and dry sandy bare places
with Cawo arrnnrio, TiJiiensa 21-!:ei and Sodum andilcun.
8 ;I 2.4-8.4 Dank to low cliff top above beach. Generally coarse 3nd '
overgrown with bramble, brocken, Erica ri.u.rrn and gorse.
The gra gy a roam are of t on herb and peeies - rich M. ' :y I is/
n'a/ne,1,.,o nollin/idu!.. on plus Vs:of°crncoa and ir:WPikr.
Aim in commonin open sandy places and Luruld uylvatico;
heniliour, folypc,icur, and Jauivah: grow at tho bottom of tho
1
cutting In more sholtered area.
R192 12 July SN 623660 Dolybont Aberystwyth branchNE Cut/ 8-9.4 A ridge with low cutting by the line, then a slope down to
(from Machynlleth 4 Slab fenco. 7ho ...notation by the line has been recently cut back.
Shrewsbury) Coarso Ate4pelzi;h-vam grassland with Prpopterin clumps. Dracken
stands merging into tall forb communities of Chp7:ori:er and
meadowsweet. Some bramble and toll ash, sycamore and hazel
scrub along fence. I
SW c tlt: :0 -14 Slopes up to rood mostly covered in low, dense And impenetra-
I
ble scrub of blackthorn, hazel plus hawthorn, gorse. bramble
and briar. The loser edge has been cut bock and a number of
shade species occur. T3 is waterlogged and has Ookinthg
crocato ovor a turf of Chryrcrpirnfun with ferns and Phntario.
74 ham bracken and species-rich coarse grass.
11196 12 July SN 020934 Afon Lori Aberystwyth branch N
4-4.2
Coarse herb-poor Arr;.ceatherwe grassland with bromblo patches.
(from-Machyntleth &
;Illbs!'
Poached zone by lino patchy granslond of fixtuca mbra,
Shrewsbury) Anthorrwhun and flolcuu lanotur nith Plontago Imccaiatn.
Good populations of Lintria repent? And 7rifolfur areenre on
cinder hero, with Vulpia hromider. . .
S :12 1:,(41. 19-22 Donk by line has similar vegetation to N. Mon a broad flat
covered in bramblo thicket, reed-bed or sallow scrub. The
Ditch) latter has a littlo bramble, buckler fern, reed and Patella
larvituo underneath. Coop ditch recently dredgod has some rood.
Agroatio otolonipra and Sdhocnoplcctuo ucbcrnacmonton::.
Spell heaps to fence and colonised patchily with mixture of
wetland and coarse 00000 land species. .
is un

NIM MI MI -MI MI
INN
MN
0
MO 10 =I
MI1 0
WIDTH
SIDEFORM
SITE NAMERAILWAY LINE
GRID OF
ACCESS
REFDATE
Coarse tall herb rough grasaland of rosebny, 4rt4;coath,rum and
Trifo/ites modiwn, with bramble and llogrved, or thistle.
14.3-19.1
NW
High BentMacclosflold-
Stoke-on-Trent
SJ 688640
R20729 July
Scattorod trona of sycamore and ash, plus hawthorn und
sycamore bushes. Locally less coarse especially above with
ltttle roody growth, more couch, forbs and bent etc.
Similar but with rosobay moro abundant and often dominant.
Lnrge areas of 4:s4hshilkdrhm with ApropyrOn, bramble snd
lingered. Much scrub colonisation by briar, aullow and oak
with hawthorn abundant on and near flat at top. HOicso mollio
significant on flat olso.
A mixture of tall horbr - roscbsy nnd meadorsweet with much
low bramble locally becoming dominant. Nettles becomo common
near the foot of tho slope and sallow is colonising site.
SE Cutflo 14.6-19.8
Flat)
R208 29 July SJ 897680 Laddorstile Macclesfield- SS Emb(I. 13-23:6
Stoke-on-Trent Flat)
Flat by the lino has coarse mixed grassland and grazed flat
below is quite rich in low forbs.
More variable. Coarso grassland of Ant:neither:4m otc with
areas of forb-rich vegetation, With Trifolit.it hogwead,
Cestahrtu n(gtrt. Elsewhero tall herb vegetation of nettle,
rosebay and Viola cnzt.ou With invading Kubuo app. A ycamore
tree but for bushes. Grazed flat below.
Much dense impenetrable bramble over thick ballast and cinder
dumping. Arens of 5o/anum dulcoom occur and rough
Arphoot;:ole, and couch by line. Etat to fence %iv!l grayed
with mixed grasses especially Aproctio :Louie and Eoicto
mottle?, plus clover, sorrel and
Les. woody with main cover very coarso mixed grassland of
Anghnh,thcram, Agropyrou And 1:10recianij A tittle
Trip:Lion meditar and Po/cha Sone bramble patched near
24 and richer there.in tell herbs: rosebay. meadowswoet land
Cionian nrvottle. Flat by fence As NW.
Cinder flat coverod in open P.:::tis's rwhIsigoety/lo grassland
with roacbay and illiver:cNri mvh/nina. Scattered lor broom,
NW Emb(f. 13.4-21.2
Flat)
11209 30July SJ 861607 UpperHulas Macclesfield- . SW Cut(i 7.9-10.6
StOko-on-Trent Flat)
SE Crutt(&) la 7.4-10
NV Flat 0.7-1.5
R210 30July 8.7 797468 Madeley Heath llolditehcolliny
branch
briar and sallow. Narrowing to Sw and undor shade of birch
trees on adjacent land. Moro is a narrow band of ivy with
Idtt;:iwto pmuttefo and a ter forbs.
Thn fiat by the line hns a similar vegetation to the NW but
with more regenerating and colonising low sallow. Tho 73
embakment is coarse :4ptyl1o, Arrhonathoru7 and HOICUs MOilie
SS Flat/ 6.9-12.1
Lab
With rostibay. E4llo spp end lilac. 74 is ash, oak and
sycamore woodland over poplar, Ari4::qatiwin..g. mercury, Ivy
and violets.
Mixed dry calcifugo grassland of Aproatip tcnu(a, Fest'wo
R211 31 July 8,7 730319 Casey Bridge Euston-Crewe V Cut(Is 9
Flat)
rulwet, fltatplin and Polcus raltin. Rarely coarser with
Arrhouaherum. Rerb-poor with tntna, Otu;a4r.,c
r:”Cco, yarrow and hulkkweed. Rare sand colonised by
Cc/watt:en arttenne and LME:.iint
Uneven area of old sand extraction with mosaic of communities.
Fore-rich turf of feccue/bent and Ain: with totun
especially abundant. Many lichens end acrocnrpous MOSSOS.
Co rrrrr couch and Arr;:onathelhan grassland and tall rosebay
Flat(& 36-66
Cut)
stands. Nixed grassland with abundant lutc”tilla anglica.
Dramble patches and areas of aspen and sallow scrub. Crraatitet
amgcose locally common, as are trpidit... nd Vcrloacten nfgrun.
Cutting to E (21) has very rank herb-poor Arrhcratiorto,
grassland with Duotylio and couch. On the flat above IO:cua
rviiln, nottlo, Antlwisoue and Calion aparinc also occur. A
low ditch by tho line here is covered in Ph2laris, 22, tho
embankment, IS dominated by raspberry and/Or nettle with a
flora Of coarse species like 21, goosegrase being especially
5 212 31 July SJ 762339 Oalthattger Crew0Ildsgrove II Cut/ 8.2-8.4
Emb/
Flst
461.1 ......Ilm.

WIDTH
NOTTS
SITE NAME RAILWAY LINE SIDS FORA
GRID OF
ACCESS
ars* DATE
Fescue/No/ohn mollin grassland by line giving way to brnoble/
brinr with tall herbs - Micrrkin and Eguidet/cm crVcnrc. Near
the fence couch and Unteun Twilit , become commoner with nettle.
74 to the E has densoV bramble and purer nettle standn. '
Cesrpepnan rcunculniden grows by the line at 74.
71 is narrow cinder flnt to canal wall covered in open birch/
*allow scrub ovor patchy fescued grassland. 72 hos
horsetnil stand by the line; male fern. rosebay, nettle,
butterbur and bramble on the embankment and Clyr.:rin maxim°
on flat by canal.
The brood flat by the old station le duninated by butterbur
snd rosebay with calirr, nrcirino and occasional patches of -
herb-rich dry graealand. The slope down to thu R. Churnet ham
woodland of &JILT Pr:in:lin-over ash and hawthorn, plus
_sorcery nnd nettle. Where the slope leaves the shore ash Is
domlnnnt with Frunua Nilua over ivy and mercury' nnd broad'
flat occasionally flooded below it has butterbur nnd tall
grasses. Alder. Imptticno glnwlutifotn etc by ricer.
Dense thickets of rowebay end bramble with scrub cut back
recently - some left and some regeneration. Settle locally
common with flihnot dioi,ut in the flokun. Elm bushes commoner
to north and on flat above local Green of Polcus rolIIn
aaaaa lend with Agrootic tenuir. Generally disturbed and some
8 Emb/ 7.8-8.0
Flat
0
8213 1 AugustSE 080489 Conseil Oakanoor branch E Flat/ 3-15
(from Leekbrook & Emb
Stoke-Oo-Tront)
V Flat/ 24-29
Lab
nua 2 August8J 892258 Seaford Stafford-Stoke Cut(' 9.8-16
Flat)
bore sand.
The S (74) is rather similar to the E s1de but with rather
denser mora.extensive bramble and more a7L1rci ork,ri.:4.. T3
is scrub-covered wIth mallow, sycamore nod young Inmun
below nnd tall cherry knd elm trees on the flavabove. Eircomble
bracken, mei-eery in scrub; ivy, bluebell under tall trees.
Mainly scrubby and overgrown. Alder with occasional sycamore
along lower elopes. Thu remainder bramble, briar, raspberry,
rosehay nnd nettle In various impenetrable combinations. Tho
track-sides aro 'ballasted end possess:a greater variety Of
forhs. A culiort goes under the line at 72.
Fewer toll trees but more hawthorn and denser thickets with
Roca notahly common. T4 hnd ash scrub over a scree
of bellnet with some nettle and hawthorn. The lower edge has
Cut(L 7-12
Flat)
1t2152 AugustU 888393 Wedgwood Stafford-Stok Emb(L 12.6-14.2
Flat)
9-13
Esb(40
Flat)
Stoiiue:a .thcfrr
one marshy grassland on the flat but on:y
and Atoreourun amung less frequent species.
Rather warted. Areas of ronebay; ArrhoWhrinin.: grassland with
foxglove: nettle stands; Hole2a mr:lin/A:trontin
rh..4A7 grassl and on flat above. 11 haA some partially cleared
elm/ash/hawthorn scrub with a great deal of moss.
dinlea foxglove, Ivy. bramble nnd nettlo.
Generally rather open bramble thickets with patches of tetra.,
firrhreaCh'pel and- Srvcoio nyivati,::a; on bare soil. especially
nenr the disturbed_track edge. Scattered scrub occurs, and
there Is a good variety of annuals. The flat above 14 is n
R2182 AugustBJ 987278 Pltt's Cele= CelwIch-Stone B Cut/ 0.4-10
Flat
Cut/ 7-8.0
Flat
hogweed/nottle/rosebsy community with thistle. -
DR LIVERPOOL DIVISION
8 crs(%;
6.0-9.0 Very poor and disturbed with ballast dumping. Open bramble and
2o4F %AO AP to tho V la a raspberry thicket
Arrhewithorum,
;t4;go May'SJ 005872 Statham Liverpool-Stockport
O leaco Wk
with aaaaa unt sallow and nettle. There le narrow strip OF
lieleun multi', aaaaa land by the fence with rowel/ay but must of
Varrlegloo)
the alto has boas Obscured by broad *proud calcareous ballast.
plo :NE a n _ in MIN

MI MI 0 01 MI NM MI MIN SIMINI IS NM ININ
GRID OF WIDTH
REF DATE SITE BAKE RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM NOTES
ACCESS
Almost all derma high bramble thicket. Rather more open in
I:t ll(t 04"
tho W whore ballast dumping s tIppor I M TIOri laro, ArrI:rnntherum,
Cr.:Morro nigro and Holeua rollin. A number of garden escapes.
9144 29 May Ill 889679 Ilualigreen Livorpool-Stockport NFlat 3.2-3.4 Moon rollin graosland, poor In tipeeles and forbs with yarrow
(via Widnes 4 and fencuo. Same coarser ground with rosebay, larflemIthcvflo
Warrington) and hrrieleflo In the W. Quite lot of bracken in patches.
II Flat 3.2-3.7 Coarse herb-poor flonraartherno graanland with DoCtylig/Pocz '
or occasionally Holcaa rolIin, Agrootin tonut'a and Fertuon
ruhrw co-dominant. Bramble patches are quite frequent and a !
I
ballast ridge by the line has nyroclutcria, PWW: cectento
/
and itcrocarpous Mennen. I
lila 29 May BJ 703882 Heaney Liverpool-Stockport 8 Flat 3.3-3.7 Open rather dtaturbod c1nder/ballast flat, quito species-rIch.
(via Widnes is llal..oa Inflator% Ilyrocra.Tin. )iNorricun% Aprootic, I'Inntogo
Warrington) with bramble, howkkoeds and ArrhrontOcritm et the more
disturbed tone. odgo. Tramplod areas from Livonia;ntrrilift, .
rosn.nhta!! and Twin Ilona.
gmb/ 4.6-4.0 Abundant dumped ballast with patchy vegetation ot P.rorurn
Flat roloti. arrOcnnOirrwo and bramble. The edge by the fence has
nettle common. rrnecio volgarin forma livaloiaa is common on
the new ballast.
1
9146 30 May 6J 864921 Glazobrook Moss Liverpool-Manchester 8 Cut/ 9-10.6 Conroe 4erhonn:hemsm/AzetyZin grassland, herb-rich with Viola I
(wis Warrington)Flat rirfoo lon and StrlInrin holont. w giving way to couch on flat
above with little rosebay. To the W is an old walled bunker
with mixed disturbed vagetation below and hawthorn on fiat
abovo.
Cut/ 6.4 - 9.6 Vory similar to S but with the western end a normal slope
Flat covered in noloua nollIn g land with raspberry And bramble
below and rusobay above invading. There is a species-rich
ballast flat nt the font of thn bunk to the E with birch,
nororloon. etc.
i
9147 30 May 8,/ 625003 Bold Heath
Ditton-St. Helens 6 Cut/ 6-9.0 Quite herb-rich Feoturt ruhrn/ArrhrratOrrom grassland on I
Flat slope with clover, yarrow, plantain, sorrel and tormentil, I
plus Cr ,1:1UPL4 Nigrel and Hi:era-Yam where coarser. Flat above
in herb-peor with Ilnlefle molUn and bent, and couch by the
fence. Some hi-lib:tato. Cappinua present.
Cut/ 9.8-11.4 Generally quite horb-rich mixed calcifuge grassland of '
Flat Agrontin imfloin. ;intone rollir and ReineC4 rNhra, with
ili.,””1107. POW01.-4.1. Intl:yr-an rrn::.ce(s and Twtrn:i:,:a
rep!ana. Dons. bramble thickets cover the southern end with
coarser grassland. ScAti tricyllium occasional.
11151 2 Juno SI 521711 ifouldswerth
Northeich-Ch eeeee 8 Cut/ 9.6-21.6 Cutting tn tho W has noIcuo mvIlin grassland with several tall
Emb sycamore trees. A hybritisktrn of camplons and disturbance
duo to rabbit burrows above. Grazed turf with more Poo as
well as IllonrIln and La:uin by fence. Some birch trees.
Embankment is a bramble thicket with emergent rosebay
especially below and ditch with wetland species.
X Cut/ 12.3-13.2 Cutting mostly bracken covered, with a few oak trees of
Emb holeun rollio near the fence. A good patch of forb-rich
Calcifugo turf, onee burnt W of site. Embankment covered In
bracken; grass and.Fiola by lino.
9152 2 June BJ527712 SpyKill
Northeich-Chester B Cut/ 4.6 - 7 Cutting In west hos mixed grassland of Arrhoratherum, Fcntyca
Emb/
rubra and Holcun malis with low invading bramble and bracken.
Flat The ombanksont Is mainly bramble thicket with patches of
grassland similar to but coarser than Cut. Slopo goes down to
pond in field.
cn

WIDTH
rom NCTTES
BITE NAVE RAILWAY LINE SIDE
GRID OF
ACCESS
REF DAT!
,
N Cob/1 - 4Dy the bridgo very narrow and in shade of oak on neighbouring
. Flat land. Cinder with bramble and sparse fescue. 73 has a bramble
thicket with coarse Arr:h:Mezt;wriex/Aolun n011ic grassland nnd
a nettle,patch. Dank in botwoen in sandy with Cematiwn
difphadm and th.,000tio diamlor.
R153 3 June BD 501217 Cocker Dar Preston-Liverpool Cut/ 4.5 - 4.9Low bramble patch.). and hawthorn hushes with grassy patches
by the lino;sone coarne,some good turf with Carax !Lagoa
and cowslip.
S :luatt/ 7 - 7.6 Old track bed.has ballast flat with open grassland.rosebay
Flatand sallow in very species-rlch community with alot of
moss.Concrete guttering atfoot of slope,filled with water.
Slope halt vory good basicolous species and forb-rich turf
withfencuo,clover,cow:ills and ,:mf:oax7n1;:nx:,aswellas
Otror paom in big patches. Coarser In north and partially
burnt.. Arrhiauthavum.bramble and Cem7curra /:::yecz. Wide
marshyflat north of sito with sallow scrub. Typha and .-
Clya:via stands..
R154 3 June SD 401143 Descar Lame Wigan-Southport NE Flat/0.5-4.272 very narrow bylorry park:bent grassland on ballast with
Tab 4;11r ura.%.ox otc.This occurstothe SE along top of 71also,
here lobe tric;:um juniperinun and hypochaoria aro cosmos.
Slope below ts coarse Arrh,awthelha, with sallow.
SW Flat/3.4 - 4.4Fixed coarem calmiFuge grassland of roa.horahrvAprLalis
Emb (nada or Arr./why:ham-7/1bn, and intermediates.Herb-rich
withabundant Acpcr.::ur: ar:h.:mnr,Pote:ntittap.*ptans.
Hylk7o)::h:rfn (on ballast).Much naturallsed T1a:p..01.:a.
CcrInt ?ismdiffhrh-:online,nd Carer artayzr(a . on cinder all
along edge of line.
R155 4 June SJ 6E15745 Lastocif Grelan Manchester-Northwich S Flat1.3-2Ballast verge tofence with coarse Vegetation of bramble,
Arrhehauvran and hogweed,thistle etc. Some moss on the
ballast.Mainlyrough grass.
N Flat/4.6Very similar but batter developed.13 Isa bramble thicket
flabwith emergent nottle. 74is coarse laashcralth('rwa with
scattered low bramble.A little rosebay and raapberry also
OCCUrs..
11156 4 June 8 3 1351692 Moulton Crowe-Proston SW Cutfk12-15.6Mosaic of calcifuge vegetation: thay.:;tic tenuio grassland,
Flat) pi,;v,riar.a.in patches,sallow/broom scrub and Colcua ,-.0iiis
award.. ;:ardan isfrequent and Trifoliter modi:, - ; commun.
Fescue common near line. Narrow flat above has mixed coarno
grannland and bramble.
NI Cut/10 - 21Generally poor recently burnt Holeuroll/a grassland wIth
Flatsome invading brnwhlo and ronebay. plus charred broom and
sallow.Snmo areas of ,4194:enat;:ethem/il:ctidi3,or A.,pootic.
Couch under broom. Uramble/flo/nria on flat of 14.
Aiatairrh,'::a vrafaermiaaa hero.
R157 5 June 83.556703 Delayers Horthwich-Chester 6 Cut/4-4.9 Ihile:w rvillio grassland with bracken on the cutting and more
- Eabdisturbed vegetation of roa/Fertum rata.° with goosegrass
colonising baro ballast on the embankment,otherwise similar.
Tounit birch scrub.
N Cut/4 - 5.6Essentially similar with howeyor rather more bracken and
birch,tho latter apparently a hybrid population. Corydalio
laa-by-Backford Chester-Birkenhead V ;I: 9.6-10ClitPiebiriLO Markedly herbpresent. and species-poor Arrhcrathcrwr! grassland, with
occasional patches of bramble and scattered hushes above.
oak and hawthorn. Foxtall, clover, and Pca frequent. SiLaum
and Pirpiolia av;jor aro among the loss common species.
R156 8 June 11J 365720
I
'
ow mi. ,11. or num um n

OM UM MI S a NM
NOTES
WIDTH
IL
SITE NAME RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM
GRID OP
ACCESS
REFDATE
Similar but with loss scrub and a moron mixed occasionally
quit., herb-rich grassland. P.::: 4,0,7 ruhra, Nd sop,
E Cutf4 9."
Flat)
Atop:cum:I aro ofton sub-domtnnnt. Frequent Sorbs arc violot,
Confizur..a nigw, Aufhersoun snd Cirniurn ardor-, Cowslip,
betony and Tricetan all crow here.
Rough disturhod vegetation: low Pi-nit:de thickets, coarse
Arrrrnatin-rum and couch. Nettle, thistle and cocksfoot.
Open cinder flat with eons by line. Then broad marshy area
with areas of sallow carr over openisater. Need-beds.
Generally 4 wet tussocky ArrkcmitL:rum grassland with areas
of ALop.“:unur. Jurcua and Polugorven.ariuT aro comon.
Water-filled depressions have A:a-cr.:Cc atoZc4fcra. Bramble
thickets occur on edgo of cnrr and by fence, hthircco!.yle
common. Calan:roarin CC.NOCCCP10 and.Orycp:or:.a cartLw;ian4.
Flat is old track bed covered in ballast, light colonisation
of fescue, Vutpfn, ArrhcP:a“wrian, rooebay and Damlytin. Slopo
ts mixed dociduous woodland of elm..oak. ash, birch and
RI806 June SJ 284007 Bidston Wrexham-Birkenhead NW Emb/ 3.5-3.8
Flat
SE Flat 44-49
R181.8 Juno SJ 347702 Eastham Cheater-Birkonhead E Emb/ 18-29
Flat
sycamore ovor bramble thickets, grassland, ferns, i7Y,
sallow and hawthorn. Tall horbe such as Sacra, Antr:rincud,
clew/ors and nettle aro common. Birch is colonising track bed.
Mostly coarse Arrh..uatherum grassland, herb and spectes-poor.
Norwood Is Quito frequent and Pon, fescue. AuthcircUar
Alcqylin nnd thistle occur. Bottom is scrub of sallow or
briar/bramble or gorse, hawthorn and cleavers.
11-18
Esti(1.
flat)
BR MANCHESTER DIVISION
814831 May SD 858048 Daisy Hill Wiran-Wancheater 8 Cut/ 14.8-16.2
Flat
on
to
Flat hy line is open ballast with sparse Arrkcnatrxruc. Tho
e t end haw Inly!:,nnal blatant' patches, nnd fescue/bent
grns I and on the slopo. The cuttings east end has nixed
calcifugo grassland with bent and Erlcua raillfa. A dip in
between has coarse ArrkePtath.,r:e7, sycamore and sallow
ily tho station tho bank ie disturbed grasnland rich In garden
escapes. Further E thoro is a dip similar to the S. The E
slope has coarse Arrheurtherum and tho flat above damp
calcifuge turf with Ervrincturn :rrIrrttr'rum and Caltr dcmirrin
present.
Mixed coarse vegetation: couCh, cocksfoot and Arr;wrnthcru-,
grassland.; nettle stands end bramble thickets.-Finer damp
Ho?, !,,, ,s,,.,:t id gransland with rosebay. Sallow and hawthorn
thickets near ditch. r!:1.0ntir atelJflif.pc, .h,n.,Nn app OtC in
ditch. Garden escapes near level crossinc. Th.:ifctru.n f:aru-,
also near ditch.
Essentially tho memo but with more PoZous mo:Iio and et/sonny
on the flat. Eldor is common on thc: slopo and r:im74:;I:ec
a uplan.ileuri near level crossing.A.:fcr abundant E of the alto.
Edge of lino la forb and species-rich ballast flat rather
open but with Agrthqin otoloniferl, Cod corrrecda, Pea
pracudiv, gulfraon and Clnotolla as 46.11 as Tod annul, fescue
and significant bryophyte cover. Coarser vegetation further
from line Is continuous with Arriu”:42thcrur, hogweed, Tuacitagq
ferns and a few bushes. Some parts near fonco also open.
Much loss disturbed. 73 Is coarse aaaaa cutting of
Arrhcnathorum with fescue, (0110bIly, Leucanthetum, named:el
and Ciraiumaraenne. There are limestone outcrops with
Seabioaa, Sedum acre and Arabia hirauta. 74 etc has fringe
of rosobnyby the lins sad has sallow scrub over nettle to
a small flat by the tone* with coarse Arrhandtherum 1and.
M Cut/ 9.4 - 20
Flat
1114931 May SJ 732979 Barton Ross Liverpool-Manchester N Flat/ 18.2-22
(Via EarlStOwn) Emb/
Ditch
8 /r100.),/ 21.8-22
Ditch
820228 July SE 098755 Peak Dale Buxton-Peat Forest- E flat 8-7.8
Chinley
W Cut/ 6-11
Flat

W1 12711
GRID OF
SITENUM
NOTTS
RAILWAY LINESIDS FORM
REF DATI
ACCESS
11203 28 July SI 084724 Woo Dale Buxton-Ponk Foron- 8 4tgill). 9-12.8 Damp cinder by lino with Pcnolkmpafel eine:Tito= and sallow.
Chinloy Then sheer limentone rock cutting with sparse vegetation of
Yra:.:wa coinq, Po:.1.;':di,Mlicoli;:, hanned, Lconick!on
hinviden and including Cb-nmernalvium labosetfalu-:, Culitet
eternrri, Avienitc, vfride.Crtoptcria, ikguieulo etc.
Tho gentler cutting novo has ArP4.1:q! keno; De2ctyl is nnd
P. enrorirona plus Cirorlun hetrrophyllkm, Val,,re.lna, cowslip
rich .grassland.
N Cut/ 3-4.5 Low cutting and flat at 74 has impoverished grassland nilled
Emb/
to 72, wtth a little bare rock. 73 is a gentle embankment
Flat
with butterbur. Arrhc”.:Ihomm and tall herbs.
11204 27 July SI 058822 Chapol Milton Shofftold-Manchestsr N 10.3-22.5 Very stoop and rocky with patchy grassland of D:nrc-roin -
(yip Now Mille) ;Ilta(tt
flentqlnwnd Pectura ovi.o plus scattered ash and onk trees.
On flat nt.top Helena m'llin is dominant with bent. in
rougher ground near tho lino hes any aore herbs and the
lower plan of 11 bait grassland or foxtail/cocksfoot/
/04401:n4h..nuo.
6 Cut/ 50-59
Steep cutting slope up from line in very poor at::C;w:7pn'ia
Emb/
flex:awn groatAnd with Arrhe.4 I.i:01WT . rohebay and sallow on
Flat
lower bank at 74. Then types continue onto the Upper gentle
slopes of the ombankmont down to the road: but to the south
more mixed rich grassland with Arrh,ila:;:arlc-,, Polc:.n, delo:y1i4
Trig.,[:,,, plus abundant Cuntaur,:n niglw, Lo:us. yarrow,
raspberry and many other forbs, na well as bramble and sallow
peruh.
11205.- 27 July SJ 978884 Strings Shoffiold-ManChostor NS CUt 26-38 Coarse nnd overgrown with bramble and rosebay, 'tall sycamore
(via Now Mills) trees, occnsional patches of coarse Arrhot-stUnsan/
14mrhorp”in ea..:Tirnra and some of A.,:ronlju l.:hhin nnd
Trifolion ,:r.liu,. Low on scrub, brin thickets and nettlo
also occur locally. A mosaic of rank type.. with intermediatos.
!!,e.. I i” win onentewort grow.
nnd sallow. Tho cutting at 72 hns no rock exposures.
considerable birch and moss, over a herb-poor but species-
-4
17 74 ts a stepped cutting with rnnk tall horb mixture on tower
slope of rosebay and re.”4fIle:W7 f.ri”atnia. Mixed oak and
SW Emb/
Flat/
Cut hawthorn Scrub, with sycamore is on the .Upper nlopc: Going
NW tho plopo falls away to din a scrubby flat cleared
onnsionallv bv line of ncanoro. ash and alder over
Tho.slope down to tho river hero at 73
Ain=edr 7s::::.;: er woodland with patches of nettle and
mercury.
SW ;7:g . 12.0-14.2 Rough hurb-rich grassland of Arr;:rnelheini.-.:/rcety1fs vith
Crailen ovvo:ne. CentaNron niv:Yz,liahyru:: pr,:entin, :7:c.:a
cmoca and rosebay. Some colonisation by oak and hawthorn.
more so to tho S whore Agront.:3 tcnuis common. Flat above
and S area generally has more rosebay and Holcus rttlic.
NS Cut(11 13.7-14.2 Rough grassland similar to that on $I but with locally
Flat) 'abundant Ecothca rubroLliorb-rich at 74 with flora like 71
ate, but poorer in tho south. Breoble, hawthorn and birch
colonising lightly. Flat by fence has Holcua manic and
Agrarian tenuio, plus horsotail and hawkwoods. Oph:csgiosnum
- frequent.
11206 28 July SJ 841835 Styal Gatloy-Ifilmslew
we IS ea so on emu in 101 NMI In

MI NM NIM IIIII S MI In NO NW OM
WIDTH
GRID OF
NOTES
RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM
SITE NAME
REF DATE
ACCESS
DR PRESTON DIVISION
R150 1 June BD 730k58 Cbspoltown Blackburn-Bolton Flat 2.5-3.2 Cinder/ballast flat colonised by V..:1”..2 r,In..) grassland,
?;./ ... end A 51. ordr plus Trifoliu-1 rrp4ns in
sbundanre, and much moss covor.
Flat/ 22-31 Rallied flat by line shornd up with concroto slabs. Cinder/
nab ballast with moss snd lichen colonisation, sorrel and bent In
tho north, Votonn moltin and Pcd in the south where a
continuous nward hap dovolopedemnd broom In colonising.
Nonr tho embankment top birch and sallow plus nottlo And rosebny
aro tho chief cover. Tho slope is sallow scrub over
rosebay and Ifuleun In,lifo, with elder, nettle coming in on
flat. A small pond Iles on BR In this scrub zone.
8199 23 July OD 991535 Illergill Swindon brach SW ;Z:!: 2.7-4.2 Coarse speclos-poor Arrhovzthornm grassland with areas of
(from SkiptotO low invading bramble. Often quito herb-rich with nettlo.
orn..mac and ImIkyrnS pratoct:s, Trifotia, median
and horsetnil. Richer and heathy by fcnce.
NE Flat 1.3-2.2 A much bettor sick. And woll-graced to produce fore and
species-rich turf of descuo/bent plus rilonclla, Locn4,
Trifolihn r.Tens, R4 ,4%1'acoloca and Centaur...a rif/msz, with a
lot of id:yi it1jai:10nd 0.;anreorws. By a small ditch the
ogototion becomes coaner Ith achcrTcia carspflona,
Caws Isn't.: and nifolia, medium. Arrls4nathemen only real I y
, common by line.
R300 25 July BD 859302 Wolk Mill Burnloy-Ifebdem DrIdg. N ;7:11;
22-33.0 Mainly calclfugo aaaaa land. DroAagpnia fl..7.run.In/Pentnen rulnu
with Polinia locally common. Tormentil nbundant and patches
of bilberry otc. Bracken dominant dirr sparse POIC:.P impiFP
to the W And 41:der4hn pc:rden woodland wlth gash over raspberry.
r,
-4
1-
cleavers, bracken and nutoun mn1414 on flat etc below. The
upper edge heavily and unstable bollocted with patchy
Arrhymitiwrnm and horsetail.
8 ;labs!: 20-30 Moro scrub covered with areas of dense hawthorn over bramble.
ramble /brier thickets with rosebny and (oxtail occupy the
edges. Alsr::ennthors,r, is also present whore ballasting has
occurred. The mtd-slope has been burnt to leave almost pure
tw.4411^..rin flernon” grassland with a little fescue and
heather. Nettle on flat.
11201 25 July 8D 917257 Lydgate Buroley-Nobdon Drldg. Flat/ 0.75-7 The low W embankment has stands of Egniectnr. nr4ence on the
Ash uppor slope with C4Igintoyinoilnaticn serambling through.
Hawthorn helm colonised tho lower edge over linInu4^vain with
somo surviving horaotail. Sono coarse grassland and bramble
to cant then narrow cinder flat with more horsetail to the
viaduct.
Cut/ 4.5-0.0 Low cutting in wool MI has mixed conrse vegetation of
Flat Archon:therm..., enlyet,,ni.1 and Frzttnca coin:. Better dry
aaaaa land above has hawkwood and roschay. The gentle
embankment by the viaduct has rather open sallow scrub over
10.1c1ennand Calyntrgin near line. with Sion., run:4 and
Pon trivialio. Bare and mossy elsewhere.
R275 21 August BD 600723 Parton proston-Carlisle V 0.5-10.5 Quito heavily ballastad slopo covered in coarser herb-rich
but spoclos-poor grasoland with low Invasive IM4u4 ccc4i144
and braablo, plus hawthorn especially below Arrhcnathcrum/
Pcotucc/lba spp with tquiactum Centcurcc nigrc, Calium
Xncutia etc. Narrow strip by fence of vory rich
eadow turf. CynoOuruO, buttercup, etc.

WIDTli
GRID OF
NOTES
RAILWAY LIMESIDE FORA
BITE NAYS
REY DATE
ACCESS
.1:toX 9-10 Rerently cleared slope with ballasting. Sparse grassland
surviving of Arehunatli.,mm with dewberry and bramble. .
Lcuoantetrum, Potentilln tuTtnnn.Callum :uillotto etc
survtve locally above, mercury and nettle with Hinwn?tnreium
eutahulum below. Much bare ground: Ri!cculn Ihten etc colonising
11220 21 August SD 474073 Best Dank Preston-Carnets KW clita(t1). 0.8-12.7 Generally covered in donne high bramble thicket., or
locally Euhua cacoiun but some areas of herb-rich ca/cicolous
grassland of ArArnathotnen, Lhotylin,fescue and Pon do
survive. Carcx flam.yt, cowslip, hinum. Ccntauket nfgrc2.
h.nwantn..mtm, ant:nun:um aro common. Flat above has dense
nettle.
BE .1. 1“4). 1 10-13.8 Very similar to the NW side, but with deeper and more
eitensive bramble plus lanhumulthrrum, llolcun letnatun, Galium
C:roium arucnoc. There are a number of guod arunn
of species-rich turf with Cnrcr fhice:z, hinum, feucue and
ih!!!.:147-rafa encopitomt common. Grazed immediately by fence. -
! R227 22 August SD 603712 Melling Carnforth-Skipton
Cutfli 20-39
Tell scrub of hawthorn with emergent sycamore. Lower edge
Flat/
tangled and overgrown with bramble/briar. Arrrnnt;:crum and
tail forbn. It opens out to on open undergrowth of bramble,
brier, elder, ash and ivy. Ground mainly bare or bryophyte
covered but with riirne ioica, Crycytoric feltr-mn;!,
hrlso::er, nettle, rt,/:ariti ?trill. , Epi 24.)H:cm evnt.ruce,
G.mend, rebortianum line li1ac:1/21c frequent. Anqe!..et;:,/:,-/
on flat. above.
tX li 20-28 Muth more open with main cover a mixture of tall regenerated
sallow. r and hawthorn; Ains.4r.::r. 'cm:and licli.c:n!
rassland.; patches of bramble and raspberry; GrytT.teritr,
Promo runpnun and other shade species; plus soce exposed
rocks, with rich bryophyte flora. The flat above Sns arena
of tall sycamore over elder crub with bramble und nettle
below. 7,;11.f-li rnm:dicLant end 54/ix x Lend-inn crow here.
R228 22 August 80 047004 Lower 114inthaa Carnforth-Skipton B Flat/ 1.6-0.3 Lone area by 21 where DO fence la at top of embankment,
Tab leaving a narrow flat of species-poor Arrhcnnthwrhm with
fescue, Col:nnr,r: rotentilla roptan“ nod horsetail
conmon. East ofbridge over river nt T2 in a cinder slope
down
to the river wall with patchy fescue grassland on edge
Emb/ 0.9-12.0 T. has a brink of coarse tall herb,grnseland: Arr;:cnothcrtim/
of n briar thicket..
Flat Oeflytiawith CentureJ nigrr; nettle, goosegrass and
Ger4nium rentenco. Tho broad flat to the wall below has,a
matted thicket of Cnlyr:cgia and goosegras. over cut ash
timber. Nettle and Arrh.":nthcrun emergent!. Garden escapee
nearby. 23 has Ao2opo1iwn dominant near line with bramble,
ronobay and raspburry on lowor slopes.
R229 23 August SC 774784 Ribblehead Bettle-Carlisle MC Cut/ 2.0-3.2 Coarse mixed grassland of Arrkcna;.!rufl/rescuc/roa/llIceitlio
Flat with much CL!ntaurca ninm:,Lcontedon niap?dha, rtbaorr and
hbrebell. Dare rock to S.
6V Flat 7-10 Uneven flnt with some ballast and dumped fine limestone spoil.
Several areas wet. Much low Z:4:1;:m phyl:ciMin scrub, and
unny marsh. Fine turf on gravel of Carer ,elccca,lniLa
farinong, 5clapincila, Thymun, Alcncmilla and Lotua. Coarser
species near lino: TuartiLogo, Culium ecru', Ili/per:cum
perforaturt and Contcurca with tall grasses. Good cogs list
in open calcieols gravelly fluahes. Rarer, plants also
include Prota r. rottoulifolia, Scolcrid, Coclogloortum and
Calium e. sterneri.
1
SI INN MN NMI 1111111
. MN ; MN NM _St_ NM

uni n no I= m
NOTES
rIvni
14
SITE HAKERAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM
GRID OF
ACCESS
REF DATE
Ridge coverod In a nixturo of coarse vegetatton: raspberry,
sallow and much moadownoot; coarse A rolitort LliCt - a - with
R230 24 August SD 5 97960 Lanbrlgg HoodPreston-Carlisle H Cut/ 5.6
nettle and hot:weed; ruculnlar, common ond couch.
Grazed end mossy near fonco. L'olart f...qoph:4., to E.
Similar mixture but with more nolelli molliy In grassland and
patches of mercury at 13. The bare areas caused by tipping
have a lot of Saginet and mosses. Tho edge by the fence at 14
in graxed and vory rich turf of fescue with pleurocarpous
aomays, reprny and Contaiwca niymo. Marshy area on
edgo of OH between 74 and 73. A small Syrphuricorpoo
thicket noar 74.
5.6-6.8
/1;:tat/t:
Emb
Dy bridge dense raspberry thicket with several toll sycamores
and n great deal of Gtiltyn nitorinc festooning cones. Northward
lopo widons and especially below hos extenalve
calcifueo grassland of leacue/bent/Itcicur veilic with
5c11.4tro, Viola tr:color, Janiove, tormentll. 5:.ccfoa In a rich
turf. Soma arons of low bramble and much coarse scrub on
upper slopos. biturio repors common on cinder scree.
Only brood area is at 74 by bridge where a mixed coarse
vegetation of bramble, ,Irrhcnathcra, ape:vivo and
C. rwolltan,, Silen0 ,V0f04. mendowsweet, roscbay, nettle,
R231 24 August NY 608014 Low Dorrowbridge Preston-Csrlislo g lab 12.6-17
Emb/ 2.4-19
Plot
tenvanthrror and raspberry on a steep ballast/cinder slope.
Narrows to a flat and ditch at 73 with raspberry and
ArrheonOwron otc.
Herb-poor coarso mixed grassland of Arrlvnalk..ron/llaivos
molliv/roa and fescue with scattered meadowsweet and horsetail,
plus scattered briar. Tothe NW there has been recent ballast
cleaning and ridge of now spoil covers much of the bank with
line of surviving vegotation like Ti by the fence.
4-4.6
NE tab/
flat
R232 26 August SD 214647 FoxfieldBarrow-in-Furness-
Carlisle
Narrow ballast flat to atone wall, mainly bore or with
anavin/Fryvm but by tho MP broader with harb-rIch but
specins-poor Areltroathertun grassland with much Atytylic,
nettle and Vicin crocco. plus cleaver.. wall has Arpf,:efo
SW F1at 0.6-1.7
and curtain of Musci below. To SE bank widens to give broad
area of sallow can.
Much of the bank is covered in low bramble or regenorating
scrub of mallow and folic purirtrro. /larva ma:Hs/fescue
grassland and hordetall on ballast also occur. The central
portion is mixed often rather damp calcifuge grassland with
Jorrer sop, Minix, oyolio, Stool:yo IN:INatria and
Carex of!ren.
The bulk of this side ls llolivi4/Polcu3 flollia grassland with
damp rush-covered areas and drier places with 4.,flontic
etc. Thoro aro several patches of L'ttfrava scrub and 74 has
moro ordinary horb-poor coarse grassland of Art4:cnothentr:
with fescue, nettle and thistle. rilooclla aurcnticca.
Steep ballast slope with much still exposed in W where open
'd aaaaaa nd' of Hicracite, spp, Scnccio jratobra, Ccntcurca
nigra, ho aaaaa 11, Lcuranthorian and Hypericur perforct“r: plus
Arrhrentla:rwa/Anthozenthum/feacue. 7ho E port is completely
vegetated with sycanore/ash scrub ovor coarse grassland of
faseue/Arrhanotherum and Daatylis plus yarrow nod
Gyucanthemum. Distort present.
R233 26 Auguat BD 186633 OreenroldDarrow-In-Furness 81 Fiat ' 2.2-2.6
Carlisle
NV Plat/ 1.6-6.6
Ditch
11234 27 August NY 034168 ParlisidsRowrah branch 8 lath 0.7 - 9.8
(lron-lbitehaveD)

WI
1
NOTES
SITE NAIM RAILWAY LINE 8103 FORM
II
OHIO OF
ACCESS
REF DATE
9-16 Generally broad completely colonised ballastflat with a
mixed herb and species-rich basicolous grassland.Fescue/
Flat/
Emb
ArrhoudfOorumWMn/eocksfoot with C.-n:aNr.va ,! igru, clovers,
yarrow, Turtu'iNf.v, hogweed,horsetail,ribwort, RntaNtNi.ua
rzeinetc,and including Briza, Antty!leo, ruphrasia,
RhinanttNnetc. Tho short slope below 74is covered in rosebay
with coarse grasses and nettle.
4.6 - 7 Mont of its longth la a closed hawthorn scrub over ballast
or low brambla/Aprhimmtherts. Galiur aplrint scattered
through nnd odgo noar fence with much Famine:dun ropcna and
SW rub/
Flat
pomp grazed turf. The SE end opens outto a ridge with coarse
R235 27 August NI 993143 Scalegill Rowrah h Dec ***** t
branch (from
Whitelmiven)
Art4uNhzeherurfilohNia and bramble thickets.
Tho slope Is mined cractfugc grassland of Arrh:nat;:rrun/
Yo:ou” milli:aplus AgroNSia t

01 MO MIS IIIIII 1111a Ma IS IIIII In 10 MI IIIII
WIDTH
SIDE FORM VOTES
RAILWAY LINE
GNID OF
SITE NAVE
REF DATE
ACCESS
Lab 3-5.7 Complotoly vegetatod. Serb-rich and coarse grassland with
abundant low bramble. Aithrmatherur with Teueriur. Gil
joionica, Tri14,.unhviennor and Lit;;;,rua
pnarnuin plus mentor/id hawthorn. Many fewer maritime.,
retaining sloped wall at base does have Sorbwa x int.nr.rdia
however.
NE Emb 10-10.8 Generally horb and spocios-poor rank grassland of
Arrn.n4!;..'ino,PM1cur, n—Ilin/A2gtylix/Arrop:ovh with damper
ground below whore Gal moltuuo, hugweed and abundant
mendowaweot occur. T2 has large he:Act-bur stand with relict
grassland of the typo elsewhere. riqfario, VnIcriann, Aga
trioialid and Carcx roltrato grow near the fence mAth other
Marsh specie.. Aringo is found on cinder by lino.
8W Lob/ 13.2-14 Genorally tho slopos aro similar but with more CenCa4rra
Flat nigra and loss goiono nollia. The 73 arca is mostly Carnr
riparia en the slope giving way gradually to meadousweot on
flat. Couch I. common on the flat with Gcup: rttialc, duncuc
spp and madowswoot 1. gonoral. At vary end of iCarcop branch.
R240 31 August NY 760148 iftreop Warcop branch
(from Appleby)

nano oissoosonnsonomeln

a mon no an an Ins a a ano
APPENDIX 2, Biological Interest Survey sites 1979.
SITE NAME RAILWAY LINE SIDS FORM SOURCE NOTES
GRID OF
ACCESS
RE? DATE
BR WATFORD DIVISION
The tunnel top aupports a poor socondary nixed dociduous woodland
of oak/bench/oycomore with larch bolt along tho eastern side.
Flat Info
0100 30 April TL 021381 Ampthill Tbonel London-Ult.:inter
Top
The ground covor in ivy with some /*rum. Burnt area near portal
has colonlaing ephemeral..
Birch/oAk woodland on cutting with underatOrey of bramble and
honoywuckle. Dtverso and epecies-rich damp cinder flat by line,
11110 2 May .TL 127010 EiricketwOOd St Albans-Watford SE Cut/ ARDISI
Common Flat
with Mw-hantfet polpmccrlo, Lunularia cruliata and Cardarrinc
ffr...urca abundant.
Bloch/oak woodland, with nottle., bronble, rosebay and grasses
where cloared.
NV Cut
Loy cutting with kmodland of hazel, birch, oak. maple, thorn with
varied calctcolove undorstorey, including orchicia, betony,
8111 7 May SP 870157 Rushbeds Wood Banbury-Nigh Wycombe NE Cut A/8891
primroso end bluebell. Prc - ,:tun, ann.:4r near tunnel, with
patches of (4!onzgro.ltia crinnjcv. Tecracanolcbuu marl:inns
by lino beyond tunnel.
Mainly birch crub, with cuivortod stream supporting stickleback
SW Cut
and golden saxifrage Good calcicolous bryophytes,.
Largo varied kite, impoverished acid flora with much Polytriebn.n
jneircrig.,m towards north, becoming course spectes-poor
Arrionat)..m... and then mixed deciduous scrub on shales, with flat
8112 9 May SP 748530 Roade Cuttings London-Creve E Cut
aren, supporting good calcicolous turf.
Conree grnesiond with oak nnd pine shelter belt at north of site.
CUt
Becoming calcicolous with areas of good limeatono turf wtth sedges
nd violets between main llnes. C;' ,1”:,- on bridges. Hawthorn
c rub above I ',up walled cutting to soul h .
Low embankment with rourh grassland and somo scrub. Excellent
population of, moadow saxifrage on cinder.
In part comparablo to SW, but also with estonsive wetland area
vitt, much buttorbur and tall herb, giving way to planted pine.
8113 10 May SP 723845 Dallington Rugby-Northampton SW Sob Into
Heath
NE Bab
spruce And lorrh, with lusurient undergrowth of grass,
C1.01;oeu and enlandino. Alder near stream.
Fs, - occennt grassland, occasionally co-dominant with alkike
13114 11 May SP 857300 Denbigh Hall Eustoa-Creve NE Cut Info
clover. Good, spocios-rich turf; in places &lipping and open
with ephemeral.. Some low bramblo and hawthorn.
More varied thnn opposite slope, but much recently burnt. Coarse
Arr:%-rnti:crhm, with cowslips and rather more Scrub.
SW Cut
Slopn with rough grassland And some bramble and hawthorn. Bettor
grassland abovo.
8124 25 May SP 419820 Nettle Hill Euston-Creve N Cut Info
Adjneent to crinta sido. Mainly sallow/osier marsh with guoldcr
rose, spotted orchids and twayblndes. Some areas more open and
dominated by moadowswoot or flyt/crio, and some drier parte with
rOmebay. caryerhyllca on cinder.
Deep calcareous cutting with shunting lines only. Good grassland
with Belictotrichon pubccecna And Drachypodiun cylocticar. Many
cowslips. Invasive gorse of uniform ago suggesting provious
burning. Some hawthorn scrub.
Comparable...1th rathor more acrub. Both Cochicarfa danica and
Ceraotium diffloum grow on eindor betwoon the tracks bore.
8 Flat
N Cut Info
Marten junction
brooch '
8125 25 May SP 38 00 Snovford
Jumction
8 Cut

REF DATE SITE MAW RAILWAY LINZ SIDE FORM SOURCE NOTES
cnt6or
ACCESS
DR NOTTINGHAM DIVISION
8106 27 Aprll SP 959033 Ilynington Bedford-Leicester N Cut Info Ornad Cutting rocorded during preliminary year.Mixed grassland
of ftw:vgg ent.lnn and Praer:irporiCum pfMatidn with !loco open scrub.
Cermtium brwhyphra:44m notrecorded, but many bettor basicolos
present. Aotrarralua glyeyir:!rliar seen.
8 Cut Verysimilar,adjacentfastlino briefly 'visited.
911$ 21 May SP 67 04 Klbworth Leicester-Bedford NE Cut Info Species-rich Arrhenathetnet grassland with areas dominated by
Cutting
Pr.whyllhatel Fingal:vv.Herbe include Circium ncaule, Poterium
mri:r4frorba nnd Satyr fich.on.
Sm Cut
r-:/fescoe grasslond with much hawkweed and bryophyto.Speciesrich.Scrub
encroaching attop of cutting.
8110 22 May SP 454950Elmosthorpo BirmInghae-Norwlch N Cut Info 1..011 rresslund with pnuchea ofbramble,gorse and hawthornThe
grassis generally herb and species-poor Arrh.:Mtii:Orb.P/foticue/Poa,
butthorc are some largo areas dominated by Eroc;r2yodium pennatum.
Good population of cypres purgo.
8 Cut Coarse grassland and gorse with evidence of recent burning.
rlIA.r.:Itav....tita and r.7, :::YPOVIMI ofTicimffit occur.
Digo Extensive cinder bed with !!),NA/ntieTM,/;..in/Ly):4.1 aatharreauT,
giving waytO stoop wellscrubbed cutting with ash/hawthorn.
Understoroy hoo Coarse gross and'bramble.
0117 22 May BK 514042Kirkby Buxton Laic 00000-Burton NE Flat/
Cut
SW Cut Steep wooded cutting with raspberry,orchids and archangel.
below anh/mnplo.Some garden escapes,and menduwoweet/nottle
CooPtinityndJaCanttOline.
0116 22 May MI 495043 Deford Tube Leicest r-Burton N flat Info Narrow cinderfiat with comparable species to south.
Sidings 8 Flat Ex l ens I ve area Of cinder,lorgoly COl Ont lied byVulpia/liChens/
Uproc::.'orio, with patches of conraer grnsaland and horb and
-4
species-rich nreas on uld track edge,. Some colonising sal iov ,
birmh and hawthorn carob and areas of continuous rank grnws and
rosebay. Much lupin and craneobill near access.
8146 2 July SS 620095 Thurmagton Loicester-Syston s cut Info ide dry grassy cutt Inc with ome scrub and localbase changes.
reacun/Slov..v.accfentoUn above,with Prol-unfifel::c!c:ric;:au
grassland bolo..Good populations of Cirniurra:oulag forma
etoteo,tne, da only:',2 and Plaokptcria prrioli“tc.
V Comparable to east; but slightly coarser and with cOnsiderably
more ash/mnple scrub above..
Cut A/SSSI Ln. cutting with hawthorn,hazeland dogwood scrub,,shoded by
son/ele on adjacentland.Damp understorey with 7.,:g.'lloc,
mint and horsetail.Area Of tipfrom limestone quarry nupports
characteristic calciculousspocies.
.13149 6 July LK el 21 Brandon Quarry Worthington Dridge
branch
8
Low cutting with comparable scrub to west side.
8150 7 July BM 406553 Btudford
Pyo Bridge-Worksop 'Ima:/ A/SSSI Diverse andinteresting butspocies-poor compared with adjacent
Triangle
dinusedlines on engnesinn limestone.Dry calcicolous grassland
with moan disturbed and dnmpor areas,and rank ocrub with elder
and garden escapes on Cutting.
8 ErCubat
Predominantly dry, calcareous grassland, with hareboll apd
Cab/Plat
knapweed on ledges of exposed rock cutting.
8162 8 July SI 46 63 Plesiley Pleasley branch If CUT Info Drynchypodiun pinnaturn granland with Ouch littar COVOrs the
unstable slopes of this cutting fairly uniformly.A good
population of tho boo orchid. Ophrya apium occurs :mid there Is a
littlo le 00000o hawthorn scrub.
S Cut Very similar to west.
=I um So aan_

1111! 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111
ROWS
SOURCE
FORM
SIDE
RAILWAY LINE
SITE NAME
REFDATEGRID OF
ACCESS
BR BIRMINGHAM DIVISION
Slope with Promun cwctua grassland with much hairy plantain
shove, becoming finer and herb and species-rich, and eventually
rank near cinder and track. Invanivo scrub.
Damper and more wooded, with grassy areas rich in cowlsips,
marsh orchids, Anclicn and marsh thistle. Ccrasti diffunwo
Info
Cut
N
Oxford-Birmingham
Fenny Compton
811923 MaySP 43 52
a
Cut
on ballast.
Excellent calcareous grassland with many spotted orchids and
twnyblettles, nudges and cantina thistle. Less well drained above,
with much eland hawthorn scrub. Woodland and scrub towards
wen with ash, bird chorry and halm of gilead. Some birch cuid
alder. Good cinder flat by line with, herb-rich grass, hairy oat
and meadow saxifrage.
Narrower, with coarsor aro.. of Prom-fun and much scrub.
Open flat of ballast, cinder and sea sand colonised by marram,
sand sedge, soapwort and restharrow. Also many ephemeral. and
rillekr. dr.:r.11”)e; t'crn.ofihn diffuztumand Proldium Erbankment
with tall willow, and Caltin and ferns on marshy flat below.
Bough scrub with pine and cherry laurel.
The extensive diausod sidings are now, apparently, local
recreation area with much human pressure. They aro fenced off
from the permanent way and were not surveyed.
The elope supports mixturo of meld communitiee with heather,
bracken, bent/fenuo turf slth bluebells and foxgloves, and a
developing woodland of oak and birch. Garden escapes at top of
slope.
Dump, wide stepped cutting with grassy slopes and rather marshy
flats supporting Core.: floo:4, Acrcolailiw, chapid.7:.br and rushes.
Basiculous grassland, locally open with Arr;:cnnhivntr,
PrsAN%411..., :.LtIon:fcuT. zigzag clovor and flowering milknort.
Some thorn crub near tunnel.
Comparable but with woodland giving way to opon aspen/sallow
scrub near access. Abundant orchids, bugle, hawkbit and patches
8120 23 May SP 38 60 Harbury Cutting Oxford-BIrmingham NE Cut/ MI
Flat
SW
Info
Leamington-Birmingham li Flat/
gab
9121 24 May SP 29 65 Eoscote Power
Station
8 Stab
0122 24 May SP 172912 Water Orton Birmingham-Norwich N Flat Info
8 Cut
9123 24 May BP 300912 Ansley Birmingham-Norvich N Cut Info
8 Cut
of adders tongue. '
Rough grassland, mainly As. 'enotborum, but with areas dominated
by Pr-rna rr..etn, and smaller patches, on sand, of bent and
Urloun rvItfo. Soma Invasive bramble, hawthorn and sallow.
As west but with cindor bud supporting weld, mullein, InTitiite-,
Vu1:ola, etc .
Acid heath with Cal lung and gorse, giving way to rough grassland
with damp press supporting Asqli/J.vt Nat--i:annd n'..c..ira. and
13107 8 August BO 847721 Torton Kidderminster- W Cut/ Disc
Worcester
I :::/
Sub
8168 7 August BP 10 73 Tho Lakes Sutton-Birmingham E Cut/ SSS1 i
Lob Flora
MP 71.
invasivo stands of poplar. Becoming woodland at
Heath, grassland and woodland, with species from adjacont coppice,
and touch-mo-not In stream.
Tall birch woodland with some oak, and area of planted pine.
Acid grass understorey with bilberry, Callum, and gorse and
10:(Oodendron coming in near bridge.
Oak woodland with bramble, Inoptcrio and ivy below. Bracken
and rosebay frequent noar line.
Grassy flats with Arrhentithcr:ov ond much Convolouluo arcconc,
VI
8 189 8 August 61, 10 97 SuttonPark Button-Aldridge SW Cut ADJ
6681
NE Cut
Info
giving way to hawthorn and bramble scrub: with elder and rosubtty
on embankment above sewage works and sludo lagoons.
Comparable with southweet, but also having cinder flats with
Hyporicum porforatum and Pirpinolla oaxiftcga.
8170 8 August 8P 15 91 MInworth Water Orton-Sutton SW Flat/
tab
NE Ftat/
Lob

CRID OF
RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORMSOURCE NOTES
SITE NA=
REF *ATI
ACCESS
onma's DIVISION
A/9681 High embankment with much ballast tipped nnd recently disturbed
by UR works. Little vegetation but patches of rough grass, low
scrub nnd wormwood. Little influence from salt floshea below.
Compnrnble to west but with scrub, tall herb and rough grass
moru frequent. Vary heavily balinsted.
Rough herb-poor ilreRrnatheiict.with area, of bramble, ncttlo,
rosehay and raspberry. Couch locally dominant.
Comparable to west, but with more extensive cinder supporting
much t.;jui8e:usifirth,nue. Sumo isolated hawthorn bushes.
Disc Young oak/maple/sallow woodland with excellent species-rich
ground cover.
Oak ovor ransoms with 'TclfirngrowhYlom near boundary and
rolugroom polyatochiwn and :Ty.phytun prondiflorw, near access.
Clearecrareas with scrub and cinder flats also occur by disused
station.
A/SSSI low embankment above tkotinid bog. Some areas of rough grass. but
mainly birch and sallow scrub above herbs, ferns and bramble.
Ceri::1 flan di/I:Wit-I on cinder.
Similar to oast'but rather narrower, with moro continuous scrub
and less grassland.
0134 4. Juno BJ 727594 Bandbach Flash*. Crovo-Manchostr I Eab
Eab
0136 S June SJ 563430 Oss Moro Crewo-Shrowsbury I Flat
8 Flat
8138 7 Juno SJ 345552 Bingret Wrexhan-Ch ***** I Cut
lab
0139 8 Juno SJ 010709 Danos Moss Stoke-Manchoater Cab
s Lab
A/8581 Narrow tinnily flat id ih dry grassland in which Lopc tiurr
0140 18 Juno SJ 080837 Cronant Dunes Chester-Nolyhoad N Fist
8 Flat
I
he:ei+,; y1.1.1_, and Aororyrco juoceifore Occur.
Extennive cinder flat near access with characteristic ephemerals,
giving way to wetland with i;WerftOn co.rzosio, JUsbuo amp and
a cross breeding population of Silcno.
A/888I Steep cutting with one exposed rock. Mainly low scrub and tall
hnrbn with ferns including enle and harts tonguo. An aroa of
good bnsicolous grassland occurn above stoep slope.
Vegetation very similar to north side, but with more extensive
cinder fists and wet areas particularly good for bryophytes.
OM Sandy flat near moo with dry rrrrr land, sallow and somo marram.
Excellent population of rquiaetufl varicgatum near bunker.
Not dissimilar to northeast.
0141 20 Juno SR 545707 Menai Straits Choster-Holyhead N Cut
Shore
a Flat/
Cut
0142 22 June SH 316752 Trowan Sands Choster-Holyhoad NE Flat
Crossing
I. Sw Flax
0143 22 Juno SH 438602 Maltraeth Cheater-Holyhead NE Eab
Marsh
A/6981 Embankment with itsh/sycaeoro and ivy/male fern, with areas of
dviiso thorn rind bramble. Dorrow pits to either wide have
willow swamp and scrub.
Scrub and grassland with patchy horb-rich vegetation. Orpine.
Tp/roh.n.s r...a?ran and redu.monniicuo near track.
SW Emb
Dis0 Embankment with boulder scree supporting AMery-iipirns
heath above with ransom., dryopterid ferns and welsh poppy undor
sallow nnd aldor below. Cutting am west side with iclhoul and
many bryophytes.
Cutting with excellent bryophytos, particularly livorworts where
ire t gone mountain ash and Ca noz .
Info Sloping cutting with acid heath and local base-rich area, giving
way to high rock cutting, with much hawkimcd and excellent
bryophyte. whore wot. Many aquatics in ditch.
Fexcuo/shoop bit or .7onhougrassland, with sallow and hawthorn
scrub, end oak/birch/mountnin ash woodland on wide rock ledges.
Info Oak/mnple woodland ovor ransoms and dryopterid ferns, dropping to
estuary by short steep bank. Cinder/grassland near track.
Extensive tidal sallow thicket, towards east of site.
Grassy embankment dropping to marshy land with much moadowsweet
and nettle. Polygonum ouepidatum thickets near access.
0144 23 June SH 758538 Pont-y-Pant Betwys-y-Cood- I Eab/
Blaenau ffestiniog Cut
if Cut
0145 28 June SN 930000 Talorddig Shrewsbury-Aberystwyth N Cut/
Ditch
0146 28 June 68 72 99 Demonism Shrowsbury-Aborystwyth N Fiat/
Emb
8- Enb/
Flat
es SI we swwe

IM a 1110110 .1111 III111111 a a MO MI MI
GRID OF
REF DATE
SITE NAME
RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORMSOURCE NOTES
ACCESS
- .
0147 29 Juno SJ 491089 !Minton Hill Shrowsbury-Ludlow If Flat Info tbirrow flat opening into disused stone quarry around which BR
fence partially extend,. Extremely rurdi tall vegetation with
much nettle and rosebay. Ash/hawthorn/ivy scrub developing in
quarry.
E Flat
Very narrow flat adjscent cement works with almost no vegetation.
0153 11 July SW 873297 Harlech Pwlhell branch I Flat Info Stone flnign and sea wall colonised by Cntapodium raxiiner and
Flilnionn rinsing-ion.
H CUt Forb-rIch vegetation with underahrubs including gorse, heather and
honeysuckle, and tall herbs usually associated with tunnols.
&l:LYilid ibiliTiotria common particularly on dune area with marram/
fescue nd Boort Opinolitninl. .
0154 12 July 6N 604069 Olandyfi Aberystwyth branch Flat A/HER Sea wall with Settle^ cr:glittict and some malt marsh below. Vulpia
, spp on cindor flat by lino and better species, including At-Son:44m
spp and Lime - catartioun on snll by road.
Hough, hummocky waste and rraasluoa Ith abundant haw kweeda Corso
and broom. Couch grassland In damp depressions.
9155 12 July SN 848967 Abertafol Pwlhnli branch N :11::/ A/6661 Cinder flat by halt with /int app cooing way to stone flags and
Cmb/ son snll with :7i,.!bm sup, and a low embankmont with Ar”h:rator4m
Cut down to salt marsh. Small cutting by tunnul has fescue/bunt
grusslaad with nhoops bit and hoather.
S Flat/Cut
Cinder and flagged flats and low cutting as on north sido.
8158 13 July sit 565030 Droadwa4or Penton branch E A/CSS1 Le* . annul, grassy enbankount with patches of Or:1mbI e . Sone al t
.:7:',/t
mnrsh below, and Cdta;mmifidni..,:i“'n..-ion dumped boulder arca.
l.m7...:.71in 1.:.rt2nida Ifo 1n gran near by i dga
II Similar to east sIdo with mi./0/1:e/ roc:brimIn rough grass.
Fra/a
No malt marsh.
9157 13 July SH 588390 Giaslyn Pwlhell branch N Emb/ A18881 Embnnkment wIth rough grassland and sallow scrub. Local areas of
Flat
Coaxial specios Including rofiTua mvritimiii and ElcoA.rris
loi;lortin, also lottlytwo rylocetrio Ann ViCia t.'trerperill.
Emb/ Someshat disturbed and impoverished, but with well developed damp
Flat ground vegetation on flat.
8180 18 June SJ 058803 Craig Fawr Dyserth branch E Cut A/8881 Limestone rock cutting with sone scrub and excellent herbs
including Silent, Praans, 0, 0;763 ritdalin, RuhCc, Yolianthe-w,
C PI :alt . .
Flat/ The lino, which Is heavily colonised by woody species, also
Sub supports tb:ii.girfila vcrno and Gm/soli:in gdmgoin:,..^. Thc embankmont
below and near the access point has good oak woodland. The lino
is used ns a recreation aroa but is still considered active DR
property.
ER LIVERPOOL DIVISION
0128 29 May SJ 757791 Tatton Moro Chostnr-lifinCheator NW Cut A/899I Acid site with mixed rough grasslands of bent, fescue. Nalco
rtillio and PcaciacTOIC ficruCtIO, and extensive scrub of oak,
gorse, broom, birch, poplar and bramble. Some drained open
mreas with woodruah, sorrel and catsear.
SE Cut Very similar.
9127 29 May SJ 707747 Ascoll Works C Manchester m Flat A/LNR Very narrow sprayed strip and abandoned:siding supporting little .
Site vegetation. Some open sallow, birch scrub and sparse bramblo/
cinquefoil ground covor.
.
S Flat Little vegetation.
0128 30 May SJ 870915 Rislny Moss Warrington-Manchester E Flat A/LER Extension of adjacent peat moss. 00IOno TO/lin grassland with
bracken, 11olinia and rosubay. A lino of sallow and birch over
fern runs beside tho track. .
If VOI.ousgrassland with much bracken and evidenco Of recent burning.

NOTTS
SITE Loa RAILWAY LINE SIDE FORM SOURCE
GRID OF
REF H DATE
ACCESS
Old trnck bed with ballast Colonised by open birch and sycamore.
Much golden rod,'michnolmas daisy and rosobay. Station platform
with 1...,7 ccli.,..mlna in crnvices.
Oallost with garden coconut. And open scrub. No Curr;:giOln
lit:milic. .
Norrnw flat with open sandy vegetation of grass and annuals.
Becoming rank with invasive sycamoro, ivy and dowborry to south
of station. .
Closed grassland of Ed/cug/foscuo or roa/Arrh.'nati.crur.. with
cattorud broom and creeping willow. Sand cage locally
dominant, many garden estatos. 1ellp3onu.... rail absent from
812930 May SJ 440907 Huyton Station LiVorpool-St Helens N Flat Flora
$ Flat
..... .
131301 June OD 311122 Ainadale Beach Livorpool-Southport E Flat Flora
Station
V Flat
bAllast.
Generally pour, coorso Arrhruatheml grassland with somo arena of
foacue. locally herb and spccies-ricp especially on sand. No
sign of C,..prigiola litoraZi:: for which the site uas known.
Similar to east. Somo ash scrub.
Arid woodlnnd sito. Oak/birch ovor Peacharpaia/Holcur. with
bracken, heather and bilberry coming In. Sandy, well drained,
with CillYX I.":e/U on disturbed area.
01311 Juno SD 291083 Fronhfleld Livorpool-Southport E Flat Flora
W Flat
01322 Juno SD 53 71 Delamer. Forest Ch 00000-Manchester N Cut A/SSSI
Comparoblo,-but damper with sallow thickets, twayblade, bluebell
and kond norrul. Pines occasional, good bryophytes.
Narrow sandy flat with sword of 4ntha.r.v1th:e.,, bent and sand sedge
and some interesting ophomerals Including At/nit/in:cincojor,
Ornit ji,iinai, T....e.lal fa, n.ithl CalliOUI nnd Vic ia Zaz.;;;!rof!.,c.
However, all thoso plants nro more common on the adjucent BNR.
Very olmilnr to wont. Somu areas of creeping willow.
Cinder flat by station with Vulpia flyuraz, Pryftm spp and
8 Cut
131333 Juno SD 20 09 Alnsdale Dunes Liverpool-Southport W Flat AINNR
g Flat
SIMI
81354 June 83 519779 Frodahan Cutting Warrington-Chester N
&wind-a spp gloom way to high sandutono cutting oupporting much
l'i.iiiiii..flo 1:.:: cronal la and with Q.-ran int, lue i.hu,amongst sparse
herbs below.
Comparable cinder flat and cliff, but with extensive area of
elder ocrub end nettle at cliff base with Abundant ferns
Including ilt;:ryiu.m filfx1.:.'nina. Additional bryophytes on area
tlita/t
Cut/
Flat
of dripping rock'nonr tunnel. -
Rock cutting with Acidic grassland. gorse and much broom on
lodges. Some ivy/bramblo "curtains-. Grassland above is fescuo/
bent with murk. Aint on elopes.
Similar to west but with area of dripping cliff aupporting good
bryophytes. Ephomorals and nitwit, on cinder.
111377 June SJ 302745 Burton Birkenhoad-Wroximis B Cut Oise
If Cut
on MANCHESTER DIVISION
11105 SO July SD 10 72 Wyo Dale Buxton-Peek Dale 8 Cut/ 8551 L Limestone cutting with PiPli:uicula and abundant ferns including
gab Flora Arlq.miun viride And Cy-ta:co.h.piunt rcBcoticmun, giving way to
scrubby alone with Cirniu7 Artrrophylium and Gali:ei ctcrn..r::.
Aorhungia and rnmicain noar junction with disused Millers Dale
N Lab ICA111reoue grassland and scrub, with much Cirnidfica cs7I:p3cum
where danp and unstable, And an excellent population of Drcha
11113628 July BE 1101147 Edale Manchester-no:afield PI Cut ADJ YO:rand cu-tting with acid grassland, including Licglingia
II551 deowtholo and narduo otricta. Clumps of Charcencrion noar lino.
8 Cut A. north, but with siugh Calltma vulgarize and Doscc.rwia
Arruoact. Bilborry abundant near tunnol mouth, with signs of
previous burning.
On ains ems —a al MI _
11111al SI 01

MIS a 01 MIOMM 101 IMIN a a 11110 1.1
GRID OF
NOTES
SOURCE
FORM
SIDE
RAILWAY LINE
SITE NAME
REF DATE
ACCESS
DR PRESTON DIVISION
Old station siding with coal yard,giving way to shallow grassy
cutting,supportingneutral grassland, with rank and base-rich
area,.Piles of limestone ballast with Linum cotharticum and
Dien
Cut/
Flat
E
Swindon branch
5156 23 July SD 966595 Rylstone
other ealcicoles.
V Cut Fri:7a/L..iieroCrichon grassland abovu with meadovsvoet,nottlo
and ronebsy below.'
Swindon branch- S Cut Dion Mixed grassy cutting,basicoleum with ostensive aroas of rank
and bano-poor vegetation. Pr:za r...dio grassland,with nettle and
meadowsweet and patches of Co:luno.
V Cut Calcicolous graseland attop cf cutting with ranker,damp
vegetation below.Some hawthorn scrub.
Swindon branch Flat/ Disc The cinder flatat junction with disused linole colonised by
Cut
tmleicolous herbs and grosses, which give way to hawthorn/
sycamore scrub on cutting slope. arkrya apifarn and Lirmordania
; accur in endure torey .
V Calcicolous grans and scrub.
Hellifield-Blaekburn S Cut Info II Excellentlimontone grassland with many orchids and sedges,
Flora giving wayto coarser,tallherb vegetation in spray/ballastzone
near track.-
V Cut Coarse,tall herb vogotation with much Agrimonia ouNztoria and
nettle.Somo rosehay and encroaching sycamore/hawthorn scrub.
Nellifteld-Blackburn N Cut Info Limestone ruck cutting through village.Some scrub and domestic
rubbish. Piarx trodia(da near access. Ercmus alp:nua end
iikyc:cin wrea beyond village(E).
Cut A. north, ith good moan, and fernsincluding r;:i(tHiir
poolorandrihm,Aniqaai4m triJaorw...n and A.m.tam,:,r1ria.
Nolliflold-Dlackburn E Cut Info Excellentlimostono grassland.Species-rich with many orchids
Including Camt:Joafag. and Opkroc co
tc
As east,bat with wallsupporting im—tia c/pCnua. and rocks with
tufa forming mosses. 7aripaylLea :quaullii recorded also
Coraiddu latifolia amongst encroaching scrub, und CU:ca
In drains.
Nollifield-Illackburn V Emb/ Info Mainly strut, with soma better herbs including 17.frula venal,
Cut P; adlaara and Gyin.“Ltin oriwpnfn.
Cut Grassy cutting with Calldaa and birch scrub developing on bouldor
cloy. Much CLI-17..nori.:1:. Somo areas of limestone grassland:
Carnforth-Grange Cut/ Info Limestone cutting with cinder flats. The rock ledzes support
Flat Eaalrofa oacraloa,tte“Lan ralicrum and whilst
)..mnft and Cr:aaad:t. ouigar,. are abundant on flats.
fr:riatfc iarerahraopresent.
Cut/ As Cast at access, but with extensive marsh supporting Carex
Flat pn. spp etc towards south.
Grange-Ulverston NW Cut/ Info Disused limestone quarry and pavement on BR land with excellent
0159 23 JulySD 974555 Rollin Wood
0160 23 July BE 001526 Embsay
8I61 24 JulySD 731304 Standen
3162 24 July SD 770442 Chatburn
0163 24 JulySD 802472 Dudland
8164 24 July SD 630492 Gisburn
8171 20 August SO 47 75 Silverdalo
8172 21 August SD 43 79 lieathop
Flat floes including llgroaropfa coroaa, Potratilla narocafoo and
the northernmost known site for tho Lancashire whitobeam. Good
limestone scrub and grassland.
BE Flat . Narrow, grassy flat above salt marsh, with Pea compreJaa on sea
wall.
Settle-Carlisle NI Flat/ Digo Limestone cutting by access giving way to, excellent grassland on
Cut - flat, with pond, and northwards to tall herbs, including Ciraum
7d:remark/num, undor ash/mmple with planted horse chestnut.
COmpanula Latifolia,Cochlenria alpine: and Asplonium viridc are
amongst better plants found.
BM Cut Low limostone cutting wlth g006 tarns sad mosses.
6173 22 August go777778 Lodge 0611

: SIDE FORM
RAILWAY LINE
817! NAME
,GRID OF
ACCESS
DATE
REF
NOTES
SOURCE
8174 24 August NY,37 10 Shop
Carlislo-ProstOn
Cut/ Disc The site comprise.two lard., moorland cuttings with low
Cob
embankment betieen.Although mainly licid with C:ltura heath and
mallow scrub,there nro baso-rish nrnas with 1,in:on enthcotician
and coarse grassland on tho embankment with Cfraiw, hotervp;:yllum
and I:mtnybinork: officio:alio.Epilobiacn brunadcenawas recorded
onthe cutting wall.
E Comparable with wost side.
8173 25 August 80 240747 Dalton-1nm ' Carnforth-Barrow SE Cut Info Limeatnno cutting with sloping and sheer faces.Excellent
Furness
@peeing-rich grassland with better herbs and ome ash/hawthorn/
spiny plum scrub.
NI Cut
Calcareous scrub/woodland with somu 'arena of species-rich
grassland,including Cyrawdeniezed..1.T.Th Rhincn:husminor and
Cow...meth, nntrella.
8178 28 August NY 055389 Ellen Bank Carlislo-llarrow 8 Sob Info Thn embankment supports coarso dompvegetntionineludlng
mesdowswect and butterbur,amongst which grows the local sondleek,
Alliw, 000r0.1,74,03um. Woodland with better grottoes (Olica
pwIlom, litilium rffhour0 occurs where tho site abuts Onto the
R. Ellen.
N Cut/
Cutting with hawthorn and bramble, embankment comparablo to
Leb
south side.
8177 28 August NE 97 21 Lowca Carlisle-Barrow E Cut Info Largo unstable cutting bolo, spoil hoops with fcsruc/holcun/
Ccnirta tinororin/Petonicaofficicalin grassland. areas of
blt).pr,a pplorntrin and.S01%., tOrp;iihr-, and extennivo toxic
stretches without vegetation.Colonised aninglo/saste ground.
Flat
Sea wallwith ::.,Itinfidiz,m n:ritimn.
11178 29 August NY 513437 Baron Wood Benno-Carlisle if Cut Info An extensive sandstone cutting with excellent moosflora
including Ciontocohinrndo:lidatum.Pyrola milno crowing amongst
Sp/ea: poi:Ion ledges.Cleared felled area with bramble abovn.
Well drained slopes with Calluna end Ajugo reptaNn (probably
excellent for reptile.) with semi-natural pine/birch woodland
occurring on cutting lodges.
8179 30 August NY 04.00 Beascale Barrow-Carlisle Cut Digo We,sandy cutting with Calihna,Illex heath and MOI:na grassland.
Viola tricolor spp cur, illii occurs where sand is exposed, and
garden uscspes; Including Nontha np,:cota and Aqui1,7oia sp are
frequent.
E Cut Coarse, sandy heath as on west, with extensiv patch of
Crocoemia near access point.
MI MIN NINI MI IS NM MN MIll aa a I. 0 a WWI MI

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SURVEY SITES 1979
RANDOM SITES '0
BIOLOGICAL INTEREST SITES
B R REGIONAL BOUNDARY
R DISTRICT BOUNDARY
...
Ori

1
0
a
%.
0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometres
0 10 20 30 Miles
0
Aso
-
Er
\
1
( K)1
X
I \
LONDON WilD AND REGON:
TOPOGRAPHY
1
Feet
2000
1000
400
25
Sea Level
1/4
—
-Ns
_
Pt.

6
119
.63
63
69
6
61
63
63
70 63
67
63
4
27 55
C7
5
63 67 6.. \
/
63 ‘W
66 66
5
63
69.
19
27
9
55 *44.
70
1
27
5
*
65
69
eta
1
8.2 .
70 63 66 \
69 67 67 60
0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometres
0 10 20 30 Mlles
2
..e S5
41 s
\ *,
71
69
55
70
47
70
/47
26(
66
71
6
713
70
66 6
7
71
69 63A1
63
61
kit
63
27*s
41
70* 1 14
se 89 2)E1I 51
...
. .... ft 70 NI
LONDON MIDLAND REGION:
SOILS
13
Raw sand
Brown alluvial soils
1 Alluvial % gley soils
71 k:
63 \ 60
70
\
63'
71 .
60
3
69 .-- --
so
6
2626 of 26
13
83
71
69
6 \
26
89
26
26
67
66
63
63 3 6 / sc,
5
67
Oges ;55
69
51.
43—
e
0 7 7
55
e \
,.. 6- 3) 63
66
55
69
66
63
" ...
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1
27 6
3.
/
33
51
..
5513
13
1,
\ 24
13
36
54I
1€ 27
38
36
13 7 57
51 36
13 55 *\ 55.
25 (
(A .13 ‘'‘ 55
36
. \.1
2
P6 4.
45
36
20
36
% e a
J 6
56
9
16
6,
57 57 *4
56
57
29
7
46
29
16 t
46 46
t
.1\ 39
46 24
.4
46.
1
4
5
6
Humic-alluvial gley soi 8
Earthy peat soils 9
Redzinas
1
Brown sands 3
Brown calcareous 1
earths
16
19
20
22
24
Brown earths 25
26
27
29
31
Argillic brown earths 35
36
PPoadlezoo-argillic
is brown 38
earths
39
41
Calcareous pelosols 45
46
Sandy gley soils 4
51
54
Stagnogley soils 55
56
57
60
Brown earths 61
62
63
Gley podzols 65
Stagnopodzols
66
67
Stagnogley soils
68
69
Stagnohurnic gley soils 70
Raw peat soils 71
33 44%
Major urban areas
I .
‘54

dips
26
5
11
6
/
1
1
4329
e 26
39
I
F t
40
8
44
.
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9
36
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+ +
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+
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3
26
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Gas.
1 492.
a
1 8
.
ICe-ts
26
1
37 28
1
,. 1 / %
..
I 40 37
I 1
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/
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1 . ..1 29 e ..% i 1
.
/
28
de 'I 's
.
..
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a p
38 ol ,.. ... ... .
/.... a --
IS) / .31
r a "'s , _. -
1
1
29
29 i. / °4 ‘ %. d.
LONDON MIDLAND REGION:
GEOLOGY
GEOLOGY
/
.
1 .. /
a \ a
I
...a '
29.0
26 37 ‘
a ...
I
11
/ es'
26 ) le .....
37
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28
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1
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37 8
a a
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a°.
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28
"'
cil 1 29
40 S.
14 29
/ .1
I
4
14 1
11
30 ... - .4.
30 /
1
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometres
1 Pre Cambrium
5 - 11 Cambrium Ordovician
13- 15 Silurian
19 - 20 Old Red Sandstone (Devonian)
26 - 30 Carboniferous
31 -40 New Red Sandstone (Permian & Triassic)
41- 52 Jurassic
58- 60 Cretaceous
63 - 64 Tertiary
Igneous E F GJ K
1 -
\ .. a a
41
. / a ..
.-
1
S 40 43
/ ii 42 '.
10 4. .
/ 38
38
.
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1
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37 / 2
.
1 37
13 4......;45
4. % I
a
38 I
a .
9 %
e
30
1
8 I
1
a 4
a f;
/
40
13
130
6
29
1 a ...
e '
n ) e - .3/4.42
1 19 37 /
a
41
e
a -
45
e 14 8
a
0
20
30
150
30 37
30 1 1 S
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46
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%
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n
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19 30 0 . .....
45
.
42
S. 1 %-
5
.
cà
ca 43
46
-SI
43
0 10 20 30 Miles
SD 4 s..
45
\
46
52
a ' -- d
8 1 50 58 .
S.
*/ P
0 1
52 59
60
63
63
6 c_re.: