The Biology, Husbandry and Conservation Scimitar-horned Oryx ...

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37 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines oximetry can give valuable information about the oxygen saturation of capillary blood, provided that the probe can be reliably attached to a suitable site, such as the tongue or nasal septum. Likewise, a portable blood gas analyser (iStat, Heska) will give useful information about the physiological state of the animal and, if acidosis is suspected whether it is respiratory or metabolic. The base excess will then indicate the amount of bicarbonate required to reverse the acidosis. For prophylactic treatment of acidosis, following a stressful induction for example, I have safely given 1ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (=1mmol) per kg body-weight intravenously without access to blood gas values. Long-acting neuroleptic drugs used to treat anti-depression in humans have proved useful for calming oryx for transportation, acclimatisation to new surroundings, mixing with unfamiliar animals and confinement/isolation for veterinary treatment. A dose of 100mg zuclopenthixol acetate (Clopixol-acuphase, Lundbeck) has an initial effect after one to two hours and lasts three to five days, 100mg perphenazine (Trilafon LA, Sherag) doesn’t produce any effect for 12-24 hours, but may last for seven to ten days. Both have been used successfully for scimitar-horned oryx. Side-effects include sedation, tremors and star-gazing, but these can be treated with 10mg biperiden (Akineton, Knoll), repeated if necessary.
13 Transport RENATA MOLCANOVA & TANIA GILBERT 38 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines This section aims to provide recommendations for the transport of scimitar-horned oryx between zoological institutions, and for reintroduction programmes. Different institutions have different experiences of transporting oryx, and the information provided is designed only as a guide. Single Animal and Group Transports Scimitar-horned oryx can be transported individually or in social groups depending on the purpose of the translocation, the number, the sex, and the age of the oryx and the strength of the social bond of the group. Many transports between institutions will involve only one oryx, and so the animal will be individually crated. During the reintroduction of oryx to Bou Hedma National Park, Tunisia, in 1985, several oryx were transported per crate. The animals were five to seven months old (and therefore small) and had been allowed to establish a social structure prior to transport to North Africa. The advantage of this approach is that the transport costs are reduced, and it was thought that the young animals would integrate better once they were introduced to their new environment (Gordon, 1991). Similarly, the reintroduction of oryx from Hai-Bar, Israel to Guembeul, Senegal in 1999, involved the transportation of eight oryx in a single container. It was assumed that due to the strong social nature of oryx, the stress factor associated with such a long journey (50 hours) would be reduced if the oryx could remain in a social group. The project managers certainly believe that this was achieved as the journey proceeded without incident (B. Clark, pers. comm.). In both examples the oryx were held in a social group prior to transport and had established a social hierarchy. This is an important consideration to prevent, or at least reduce, the possibility of fighting or increased stress levels during transport. It is also important that IATA guidelines are met, regardless of whether oryx are being transported individually, or in a group. Other considerations include emergency access to the oryx during long transports for veterinary reasons. It is easier to control and give veterinary treatment to an individually crated animal, than it is for a group of animals in a crate. Additionally, the facilities for unloading crates at the destination need to be taken into account. Problems were encountered with unloading individually crated oryx during the 1999 reintroduction to Sidi Toui National Park, Tunisia due to the difficulties in manoeuvring the forklift truck on the sandy substrate. A larger crate, containing several animals, would have been even more difficult to unload under such conditions (S. Wakefield, pers comm.).
Page 1 and 2: The Biology, Husbandry and Conserva
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements We would like to t
Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgements i Forewor
Page 7 and 8: 1 Taxonomy & Nomenclature JUERGEN E
Page 9 and 10: 2 Morphology & Genetics JUERGEN ENG
Page 11 and 12: 5 Part 1: Biology & Conservation 19
Page 13 and 14: 7 Part 1: Biology & Conservation At
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Continued… Group Species
Page 17 and 18: 11 Part 1: Biology & Conservation m
Page 19 and 20: 13 Part 1: Biology & Conservation O
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Page 25 and 26: 19 Part 1: Biology & Conservation d
Page 27 and 28: PART TWO Husbandry Guidelines Photo
Page 29 and 30: 22 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines Sev
Page 31 and 32: 24 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines Sin
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Page 35 and 36: 10 Zoo Diet & Nutrition TANIA GILBE
Page 37 and 38: 30 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines The
Page 39 and 40: 32 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines but
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Page 47 and 48: 40 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines of
Page 49 and 50: 42 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines Ani
Page 51 and 52: 44 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines Tat
Page 53 and 54: 15 Veterinary guidelines EDMUND FLA
Page 55 and 56: 48 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines c)
Page 57 and 58: 50 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines Fun
Page 59 and 60: 52 Part 2: Husbandry Guidelines It
Page 61 and 62: Bibliography 54 Bibliography Abaiga
Page 63 and 64: 56 Bibliography Bush, M. & Custer,
Page 65 and 66: 58 Bibliography Estes, R.D. (1991a)
Page 67 and 68: 60 Bibliography Gosling, L.M. (1974
Page 69 and 70: 62 Bibliography Krebs, J.R. & Davie
Page 71 and 72: 64 Bibliography Newby, J.E. (1981b)
Page 73 and 74: 66 Bibliography Roth, T.L., William
Page 75 and 76: 68 Bibliography Wakefield, S. (1993
Page 77 and 78: 70 Appendices were also interrelate
Page 79 and 80: 72 Appendices APPENDIX B The Reintr
Page 81 and 82: Appendices After the herd was mixed
Page 83 and 84: 76 Appendices This relates to a juv
Page 85 and 86: 78 Appendices 3. Reintroducing the
Page 87 and 88: 80 Appendices national park had def
Page 89 and 90: Appendices APPENDIX D The Reintrodu
Page 91 and 92: Appendices APPENDIX E Other Conserv
Page 93 and 94: 86 Appendices APPENDIX F Captive an
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88 Appendices • herding (male tri
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90 Appendices APPENDIX H Nutritiona
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Table I1. continued… Variable Uni
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Hans-Peter Muller 3 Rue Maarif 1000
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