The Biology, Husbandry and Conservation Scimitar-horned Oryx ...

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PART ONE Biology and Conservation Photograph: Scimitar-horned oryx at the Arrouais Reserve, Souss Massa National Park, Morocco. Photograph by Heiner Engel
1 Taxonomy & Nomenclature JUERGEN ENGEL 1 Part 1: Biology & Conservation Order: Artiodactyla Suborder: Ruminantia Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Hippotraginae Genus: Oryx Species: Oryx dammah (Cretzschmar 1826) Common name: Scimitar-horned oryx Taxonomy It is possible to crossbreed all species of oryx and for that reason some systematists previously recognised only one species with several subspecies including the scimitar-horned oryx (Walther, 1968, 1988; Huth, 1976, 1980). However, current taxonomy regards the scimitarhorned oryx and its four close relatives as evolutionary isolates (Devillers & Devillers- Terschuren, 2003). There is some debate over whether different subspecies of scimitar-horned oryx once existed in the east and the west of their natural range (Sausman, 1992). Antonius (1931) and Flower (1932) believe that this was not the case, whereas Schomber (1963) distinguishes a subspecies of ‘Oryx gazella dammah’ east of the Nile. A second hypothesis is that the isolated populations of scimitar-horned oryx north and south of the Sahara (Newby, 1988) may have represented two distinct subspecies. Examining only scimitar-horned oryx in Chad, two separate populations existed which apparently differed in phenotype and behaviour. The individuals of the northern population were smaller, more stoutly built and had somewhat finer horns. Their pelage was almost white and showed very little contrast. Individuals of southern populations lived in smaller groups and undertook more pronounced seasonal movements. The nomads recognised these differences and used different names for the northern and southern oryx (Gillet 1965, 1966a; Newby, 1974). Nomenclature Since the first description of the scimitar-horned oryx in 1816 the nomenclature has changed numerous times. Several different names can be found in the literature including: Oryx algazel, O. dammah, O. damma, O. tao, O. bezoarticus, O. ensicornis, and O. leucoryx (Dolan, 1973), and up until 1950, some authors used the genus name of Aegoryx (Pocock, 1918; Rode, 1943; Harper, 1945; Brouin, 1950). The use of the name ‘oryx’ for this genus of antelope was introduced by De Blainville in 1816 (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828; Rode, 1943). The scimitar-horned oryx was subsequently described by Oken (1816) who named it Oryx algazel. A decade later in 1826, Cretzschmar also described the scimitar-horned oryx, but chose to name the species Oryx dammah.
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Page 35 and 36: 10 Zoo Diet & Nutrition TANIA GILBE
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Bibliography 54 Bibliography Abaiga
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56 Bibliography Bush, M. & Custer,
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58 Bibliography Estes, R.D. (1991a)
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60 Bibliography Gosling, L.M. (1974
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62 Bibliography Krebs, J.R. & Davie
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64 Bibliography Newby, J.E. (1981b)
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66 Bibliography Roth, T.L., William
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68 Bibliography Wakefield, S. (1993
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70 Appendices were also interrelate
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72 Appendices APPENDIX B The Reintr
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Appendices After the herd was mixed
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76 Appendices This relates to a juv
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78 Appendices 3. Reintroducing the
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80 Appendices national park had def
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Appendices APPENDIX D The Reintrodu
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Appendices APPENDIX E Other Conserv
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86 Appendices APPENDIX F Captive an
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88 Appendices • herding (male tri
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90 Appendices APPENDIX H Nutritiona
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Table I1. continued… Variable Uni
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Hans-Peter Muller 3 Rue Maarif 1000
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