the european standard en 14961 for wood chips - Wood Heat ...

THE EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14961
FOR WOOD CHIPS AND HOG FUEL
Forest Bioenergy Conference
Eija Alakangas, convenor of CEN/TC WG2
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
eija.alakangas@vtt.fi
www.woodheatsolutions.eu

Multipart standard EN14961
06/09/2010
General requirements – Part 1 (EN 14961-1, published Jan 2010)
Classification of raw material, separate tables for wood chips and hog fuel
Properties to be specified separately from several property classes
Separate product standards (under final approval – November 2010)
Product standards for wood pellets (EN 14961-2), wood briquettes (EN 14961-3), firewood
(EN 14961-5) and non-woody pellets (EN 14961-6)
EN 14961 – 4 Wood chips for non-industrial use
Product standards are targeted for non-industrial use in small-scale appliances, such as,
households and
small commercial and public sector buildings
Properties are bind together to form classes: A1, A2 an B
When EN-standards have been approved, national standards should be withdrawn
or adopted to EN-standards.
2

06/09/2010
EN 14961-1
Solid biofuels – Fuel specification and classes – Part 1: General
requirements
Classification of raw material
Property tables for most traded solid biofuels
3

06/09/2010
Specification and classes (EN 14961-1)
Classification is based on origin and source, major traded forms and
properties
Hierarchical classification system in table format:
1 Woody biomass
1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood
1.2 By-products and residues from wood processing industry
1.3 Used wood
2 Herbaceous biomass
3 Fruit biomass
4 Biomass blends and mixtures
blends = intentional, mixtures = unintentional
Special requirements for chemically treated biomass
Chemical treatment defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air,
heat or water (e.g. glued, painted, coated, lacqued or otherwise treated
wood, without halogeneted compounds and heavy metals)
4

Solid biofuel utilisation chain
Origin/Source Traded form
Fuel
(e.g. wood chip)
production
Biomass
Solid biofuel
Documentation
of origin
(Table 1 in
EN14961-1)
06/09/2010
Tables 3 – 15 with property classes
in EN 14961-1
Fuel Quality Assurance
(EN 15234)
Conversion
Product
declaration
(EN 15234)
5
Bioenergy
use

06/09/2010
1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood
(Table 1, EN 14961-1)
1.1.1 Whole trees without roots
1.1.2 Whole trees with roots
1.1.3 Stemwood
1.1.4 Logging residues
1.1.5 Stumps/roots
1.1.1.1 Broad-leaf
1.1.1.2 Coniferous
1.1.1.3 Short rotation coppice
1.1.1.4 Bushes
1.1.1.5 Blends and mixtures
1.1.2.1 Broad-leaf
1.1.2.2 Coniferous
1.1.2.3 Short rotation coppice
1.1.2.4 Bushes
1.1.2.5 Blends and mixtures
1.1.3.1 Broad-leaf
1.1.3.2 Coniferous
1.1.3.3 Blends and mixtures
1.1.4.1 Fresh/Green, Broad-leaf (including leaves)
1.1.4.2 Fresh/Green, Coniferous (including needles)
1.1.4.3 Stored, Broad-leaf
1.1.4.4 Stored, Coniferous
1.1.4.5 Blends and mixtures
1.1.5.1 Broad-leaf
1.1.5.2 Coniferous
1.1.5.3 Short rotation coppice
1.1.5.4 Bushes
1.1.5.5 Blends and mixtures
1.1.6 Bark (from forestry operations) a
1.1.7 Segregated wood from gardens, parks, roadside maintenance, vineyards and fruit orchards
1.1.8 Blends and mixtures
a includes also cork.
6

06/09/2010
1.2 Wood processing industry by-products and residues and 1.3 Used
wood (Table 1, EN 14961-1)
1.2 By-products and
residues from wood
processing industry
1.3 Used wood
1.4 Blends and mixtures
a Cork is under bark
1.2.1 Chemically untreated
wood residues
1.2.2 Chemically treated
wood residues, fibres and
wood constituents
1.2.3 Blends and mixtures
1.3.1 Chemically untreated
wood
1.3.2 Chemically treated
wood
1.3.3 Blends and mixtures
1.2.1.1 Without bark, Broad-leaf
1.2.1.2 Without bark, Coniferous
1.2.1.3 With bark, Broad-leaf
1.2.1.4 With bark, Coniferous
1.2.1.5 Bark (from industry operations) a
1.2.2.1 Without bark
1.2.2.2 With bark
1.2.2.3 Bark (from industry operations) a
1.2.2.4 Fibres and wood constituents
1.3.1.1 Without bark
1.3.1.2 With bark
1.3.1.3 Bark a
1.3.2.1 Without bark
1.3.2.2 With bark
1.3.2.3 Bark a
Chemically treated wood may not include heavy metals or halogenated compounds as
a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating (more information see
www.bionorm2.eu)
7

06/09/2010
Flexible classification – EN 14961-1
Classification is ”flexible”, and hence the producer or the consumer
may select property from each property class
This classification does not bind different characteristics with each
other
The fuel supply chain shall be unambiguosly traceble back over the
whole chain
For most commonly traded forms (e.g. wood chips, hog fuel), a table
including property classes
Example M30, means that moisture content has to be less than
30% on average
8

06/09/2010
Flexible classification – EN 14961-1
Some of the properties are normative (mandatory)
origin and source always to be stated
normative properties vary depending on both origin and traded form
moisture content (M), and ash content (A) for all fuels
Some properties are informative (voluntary), but they are
recommended to be stated
9

Specification for traded forms – EN14961-1
Briquettes (Table 3)
Pellets (Table 4)
Wood chips (Table 5)
Hog fuel (Table 6)
Wood logs (Table 7)
Sawdust (Table 8)
Shavings (Table 9)
Bark (Table 10)
Straw bales, reed canary grass bales
and Miscanthus bales (Table 11)
Energy grain (Table 12)
Olive residues (Table 13)
Fruit seed (Table 14)
General master table for others
(Table 15)
06/09/2010
Wood chips Hog fuel
Wood chips (EN 14588- 4.183)
chipped woody biomass in the form of pieces with a
defined particle size produced by mechanical
treatment with sharp tools such as knives
Hog fuel (EN 14588 – 4.94)
Crushed/shredded wood in the form of pieces of
varying size and shape and produced by crushing
with blunt tools such as rollers, hammers, or flails
10

Class
P16A c
P16 B c
P45A c
P45B c
P63 c
P100 c
06/09/2010
Wood chips – Particle size EN 14961-1
Main fraction,
at least 75-w%, mm a
3,15< P < 16 mm
3,15< P < 16 mm
8 < P < 45 mm
8 < P < 45 mm
8 < P < 63 mm
16 < P < 100 mm
Fine fraction,
w-% (63 mm, and max. 3,5 % > 100 mm,
all 63 mm, and max. 3,5 % > 100 mm,
all

75%
06/09/2010
Particle size wood chips - P16 – EN 14961-1
45
30
P16A P16B
Kaikki all

06/09/2010
Particle size of wood chips P45 – EN 14961-1
P45A P45B
Kaikki all
< 120 mm
100 100

75%
06/09/2010
Particle size of wood chips P63 and P100 –
EN 14961-1
100
63
45
16
8
3,15
P63 P100
Kaikki all < 350 mm
200 mm all
< 100 mm
>75%

P16
P45
P63
P100
P125
P200
P300
Main fraction, 75 w-% ,
mm a
3,15< P < 16 mm
3,15< P < 45 mm
3,15< P < 63 mm
3,15

06/09/2010
Wood chips/hogfuel – normative EN 14961-1
Moisture content, M starting from M10 to M55 (5%-unit
difference), M55+ (maximum value to be stated). Analysis
according to EN 14774-2
Ash content for wood chips and hog fuel, A property classes
A0.5, A0.7, A1.0, A1.5, A3.0, A5.0, A7.0, A10 and A10.0+
(maximum value to be stated). Analysis according to EN 14775
Wood chip/hog fuel – normative or
informative
Nitrogen, N, N0.3, N0.5, N1.0, N2.0, N3.0, N3.0+ (maximum
value to be stated). Analysis according to EN 15104
Chlorine, Cl, Cl0.02, Cl0.03, Cl0.07,Cl0.1, Cl0.1+ (maximum
value to be stated). Analysis according to EN 15289
Normative only for chemically treated wood (e.g. plywood,
particle board, and other glued, painted, laqued wood which are
classified in classes 1.2.2; 1.3.2)
16

06/09/2010
Wood chips/hog fuel – EN14961-1
Net calorific value Q (MJ/kg as received) or energy density, E (kWh/bulk-m3 ),
Normative for hog fuel and informative for wood chips
Minimum value to be stated
Can be calculated according moisture (M) and net calorific value for dry
matter (q p,net,dry ), which can be taken from literature or analyse according EN
14918).
Ash melting behaviour (informative)
Deformation temperature to be stated, recommended to state all
temperatures (SST, DT, HT and FT)
17

06/09/2010
Wood chips/hog fuel – informative – EN14961-1
Bulk density, BD (kg/m3 )
Property classes BD150; BD200; BD250; BD300; BD350; BD400 ja
BD450+ (minimum value should be stated)
Recommended to be state if trade by volume basis.
Analysis method EN 15103
18

06/09/2010
EN 14961-4
Solid biofuels; Fuel specification and classes –
Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
Product standard for non-industrial use
19

06/09/2010
Wood chips - Product standard for non-industrial use
EN 14961-4 (final draft for approval June 2010)
Classes A1 and A2 for virgin wood
Excluding class 1.1.1.3 short rotation coppice, if reason to suspect
contamination of land or if planting has been used for the
sequestration of chemicals or wood is fertilized by sewage sludge
(issued from waste water treatment or chemical process.
Class B includes also chemically treated wood or used wood
Threshold values for class B for the following chemicals:
Nitrogen (N1.0), sulphur (S0.1), chlorine (Cl0.05) and ”heavy
metals” : As (

06/09/2010
Wood chips - Product standard for non-industrial use
EN 14961-4 (final draft for approval June 2010)
Bulk density (BD)
Classes A1 and A2; BD150 tai BD200),
Class B: to be specified
Moisture (M)
Class A1;M10 or M25 and class A2; M35,
Class B: to be specified
Ash content
Class A1; A1.0 and class A2; A1.5
Class B; A3.0
Net calorific value as received
Class A1 (> Q13.0 MJ/kg or Q3,6 kWh/kg)
Class A2 (> Q11.0 MJ/kg or Q3,1 kWh/kg)
Class B: to be specified
21

Luokka
P16A
P16B
P31,5
P45A
06/09/2010
Product standard for wood chips
EN 14961-4 – Particle size (P)
Minimum 75 w-% (main
fraction), mm
3,15< P 6mm and maximum 3,5 % > 100 mm,
all < 31,5 mm
cross sectional area for oversized particles
< 5 cm 2
22
Course fraction, w-%
maximum length of particle, mm and
maximum cross sectional area (cm 2 )
Analysis according to EN 15149-1 by using round hole sieves according ISO 3310

How to use classification
06/09/2010
Boiler, burner, chipper or crusher manufacturer can use classification to
inform the properties in the equipment indentification
For bulk material of wood chips and hog fuel
Manufacturer Ariterm Oy
Output 200 kW
tested EN303-5
Fuel Wood chips
EN 14961-4 (A2)
Product declaration according to EN 15234-1 or EN 14234-4
23

06/09/2010
Content of a product declaration – EN 15234 - 1
supplier (body or enterprise) including contact information
traded form (according to the EN 14961-1 e.g. wood chips)
origin and source (according to the EN 14961-1 table 1)
country/countries (locations) of origin
specification of properties (according to the relevant part of EN
14961)
normative properties
informative properties
chemically treated material (yes/no)
24

06/09/2010
Example of a product declaration – Wood chips
for power production
EN 14961-1
Producer
Properties
Producer
Delivery lot
Origin and source
Trade form
Particle size (P)
Moisture (M), w-%
Ash (A), w-% dry matter
Net calorific value, ar (Q), MJ/kg
EAA Biofuels
12345
Wood chips
P45B
M40
A1.5
Q10
25
1.1.1.2 Whole tree without roots,
coniferous

06/09/2010
VTT creates business from
technology
26