A tale of two towers: Big Ben and Pisa - Royal Academy of ...
A tale of two towers: Big Ben and Pisa - Royal Academy of ...
A tale of two towers: Big Ben and Pisa - Royal Academy of ...
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6. CONCLUSION<br />
A Tale <strong>of</strong> Two Towers<br />
The conservation <strong>of</strong> both the <strong>Big</strong> <strong>Ben</strong> Clock Tower <strong>and</strong> the Tower <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pisa</strong> has provided<br />
immense civil engineering challenges. Both compensation grouting <strong>and</strong> soil extraction are highly<br />
innovative methods <strong>of</strong> stabilisation that are completely consistent with the requirements <strong>of</strong><br />
architectural conservation. Their implementation has required advanced computer modelling,<br />
large-scale development trials, an exceptional level <strong>of</strong> continuous high precision monitoring <strong>and</strong><br />
carefully developed systems <strong>of</strong> day by day communication <strong>and</strong> control.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
1. J.B. Burl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Hancock,R.J.R.(1977). Underground car park at the House <strong>of</strong> Commons,<br />
London: Geotechnical aspects. The Structural Engineer, 55;2;87-100.<br />
2. K.W. Cole <strong>and</strong> Burl<strong>and</strong>,J.B.(1972). Observations <strong>of</strong> retaining wall movements associated<br />
with a large excavation. Proc. 5th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics <strong>and</strong> Foundation<br />
Engineering, Madrid 1972, 1;445-453.<br />
3. W.H. Ward <strong>and</strong> Burl<strong>and</strong>,J.B.(1972). The use <strong>of</strong> ground strain measurements in civil engineering.<br />
Phil. Trans. <strong>Royal</strong> Soc, London, A, 274, pp 421-428.<br />
4. B. Simpson, O’ Riordan, N.J. <strong>and</strong> Cr<strong>of</strong>t, D.D. (1979). A computer model for the analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
ground movements in London Clay. Geotechnique 29, No 2, 149-175<br />
5. J.B.Burl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Potts,D.M.(1994). Development <strong>and</strong> application <strong>of</strong> a numerical model for<br />
the Leaning Tower <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pisa</strong>. Proc. Int. Symp. on Pre-failure Deformation Characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geo-materials, Hokkaido, Japan, Vol 2; 715-738.<br />
6. D.I.Harris, Mair, R.J., Burl<strong>and</strong>, J.B.<strong>and</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ing, J.R.(2000). Compensation grouting to<br />
control tilt <strong>of</strong> <strong>Big</strong> <strong>Ben</strong> Clock Tower. Geotechnical Aspects <strong>of</strong> Underground Construction<br />
in S<strong>of</strong>t Ground. Ed. by Kusakabe, Fujita & Miyazaki, Balkema, 2000, p.225-232.<br />
The <strong>Royal</strong> <strong>Academy</strong> <strong>of</strong> Engineering<br />
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