the filson club history quarterly - The Filson Historical Society

1955] The Moundbuilders 223
they considered American scalps as fur and paid their savage employees
for them.
In 1691 New York sent Arnold Viele south to bring "back home"
the Algonquians who had fled after the Pequot war and King Philip's
defeat. He brought back only the Shawnees. The first application
of the word Shawnee (southerner) to Indians by the English was to
these returning Algonquian Wabans (easterners).
These Algonquian tribes were interlopers without rights in the Ohio
Valley, but were sicked onto the western settlers, first by the French
and then by the British, until Indians and whites were enemies at sight
throughout the French and Indian War, the Revolution, the campaigns
of Fallen Timbers and Tippecanoe, and on into the War of 1812. Not
until they realized that the British could no longer hire them nor protect
them, did they move west.
This paper and my former ones on John Findley and-Eskippakithiki
forna a trilogy of the history of the Old West, never before attempted.
FOOTNOTES
The statements herein are a minor part of the notes taken ; and every one is authorized
by contemporary map or otficial reports or archaeological discoveries or supported by
ethnologic kinships and topographic features. Limitation of space forbids the use of
all the data acquired, and for the same reason, complete documentation.
Siouan is the generic name for all tribes of that stock; as Algonquian is of tribes of
that stock. Akan is often used herein as a synonym of Siouan; but has to be used
specifically also because it is so used on the maps. Chisca and Ontoaganha are Siouan
and are nearly always generic. The Delawares and Shawnees are Algonquians. Tbe
French called the Shawnees Wabans or Easterners because they knew them only in their
pristine home; the English called them Shawnees or Southerners because they had sojourned
for awhile in tile Gulf States, whither they had fled from New England (and Virginia?)
wars. The English word Shawnee and the French Chaouanon, both mean southerner, and
have been thought to mean the same people causing long standing confusions. The
Chaouanon (southerner) of the Frenchman in Canada was a Siouan of the Ohio Val ey;
the Shawnee (southerner) of the seaboard Englishman was an Algonquian returning about
1700 from the south.
* In modern Siouan tribes, "Wakan" is the name of Ogallala, Iowa, and Hunkpapa
bands; and of an Oto gens. Wakanda is used by Omaha, Ponea, Osage, Quapaw, Kansas,
Oto, Missouris, and lowas. Akan in some form is still known to all Siouan stocks.
•In the report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1916 there is "The Art of The Great
Earthwork Builders of Ohio" by Charles C. Willoughby. It gives pictures of their art
in stone, bone, and copper. Their art is also depicted in many governmental and private
publications.
*The Indians furnished De Soto two hundred "hens" (turkeys) a day. So many could
have been furnished only from domestic flocks. David lngram who traveled from northwest
Florida to New Brunswick in 1587, saw domestic turkeys.
' The Commons House of Assembly of South Carolina early resolved to keep accounts
with the Indians with knotted strings (quipu) because they understood them. Its use was
widespread throughout the Pacific and both Americas. It was used in Mediterranean
and Indian Ocean lands before the days of Solomon. It is mentioned in the Koran. It
was a highly developed mnemonic device. We still tie a string around our finger.
v It seems out of place to find a rite of Phoenician fire-worship practiced in the wolfhaunted
forests of aboriginal North America. In excavating Indian town sites in the
Tennessee Valley, Dr. W. S. Webb found several hearths which were probably fire-walk
hearths. (See Bulletin 118, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology,
1938.) Your author found one at Fullerton, Carter County, Kentucky.