Power and Politics: PDF 640KB - Raetisches Museum

1603-1639: The Raetian The Rulers Confusion After the of War collapse in the of Grisons the West During Roman the
Thirty Empire, Year’s Raetia War first from devolved 1618 to to 1648, the Ostrogothic, the confessionally later, in and 537,
politically to the Frankish torn Grison Empire. Freestate Headquarters came in of the area administration of conflict of
the and great Bishops’ powers. see was The Chur. von Planta The constant family mainly internal supported strives in Austria the
and Frankish Spain, Empire the von permitted Salis family Raetia mainly to achieve France a and high Venice. degree of
autonomy.
In 1620, Spanish troops invaded the Valtellina while Austrian
troops Until Mid-Eight-Century, entered the Munster the Valley Victorides, (Münstertal). a family Approximately
of the local
600 ruling protestants classes, governed. were murdered They were in the both Valtellina. religious In as 1622, well the as
Grison secular Subject potentates. Territories After their were family formally died lost off as in 765 well. (Bishop In the
following Tello), Churraetia two decades, was again foreign integrated parties took closer charge to the of Frankish the power
by Empire. turns Secular in the Grisons. power gradually With the help devolved of the from Capuchin the Bishops order, the to
Austrians the counts. strove to re-convert the protestant regions to catholic
belief. The formerly protestant pastor Jörg Jenatsch, warlord
and From politician, the 11th Century led the resistance on, the Bishops against of Austria Chur regained and Spain. power. In
addition, They resumed he participated stately rights in 1621 and in conducted the murder power of Pompejus politics. They von
Planta. waged war With and the strove Uprising to expand in the Prättigau their possessions. in 1622, the The farmers control of
rose the passes up against was the basis Austrian of their sovereignty. power. In Father exchange, Fidelis the of diocese
Sigmaringen, received extensive head privileges of the Capuchin from the mission, kings was and emperors, killed. such
as the jurisdiction, market rights and the rights to tariff and to
Under mint. the guidance of Duke Henri de Rohan, the French prevailed
in 1631.
In Beside opposition the Bishops, to the persisting secular power French was occupation, distributed Jorg among Jenatsch
switched Episcopal sides, Reeves, converted Reich Reeves to catholic and the belief important and secretly families allied of
himself Tarasp, Rhäzuns with Austria and and Vaz Spain. as well In as 1637, less the important French had aristocrats to leave.
In of the Milan Fore Rhine treaty Valley of 1639, (Vorderrheintal). the Grisons regained From the their 11th Subject
Territories. Century on, In some the same of these year, rulers, Jörg followed Jenatsch by was the killed gentry in and Chur.
commissionaires of both religious and secular potentates,
began to build castles. The fragmentation of the lords’ rights,
accompanied with the gradual loss of Episcopal power,
is reflected in the close meshed net of Grison castles.
Castles 1799: The as French Farms are Unlike coming! magnificent In 1798 castles the Three in Rhäzüns, Leagues formed
Mesocco, a military Belfort alliance and with the Austria. Episcopoal The French court in interpreted Chur, life in this smaller as a
castles breach of often neutrality. had little In to March do with 1799, courtly their culture. troops marched in the
Grisons. Fierce combats took place in the Surselva and in the
The Lower background Engadine. noise The following of everyday time life stood was under not rattling the influence arms, but of
the constant tinkling changes of the flock’s of power. small bells, the clamor of the animals
and the noise of the workmen. Cattle and humans lived together
on In May cramped 1799, confines. the people of the Surselva rose up. In the Battle
of Reichenau the uprise lead to a disastrous defeat of 6’000
Castles Oberländer were (people used as from operational the Surselva farms. region). Archeological In this and evidence
found following tools battles such as 638 hatchets, local combatants sickles and died. grape The knives towns used of Tamins for
work and Disentis in fields were and gardens, burned to axes the ground and chains by French for forestry. soldiers. Clamps The
and French muckrakes also bloodily indicate avenged in husbandry. their fellow Great countrymen, importance who was were
put killed on in horses massacres for mounting during their and transportation. Grison imprisonment. Archaeological Within
digs these have events, produced Anna Maria spurs, Buhler horseshoes obtained and heroic their nails, celebrity snaffles, as
steps “Cannon and Maid metal of fragments Ems”. During of the tack. fallback Bone through remains her point town,
to she significance reached for of the hunting. reins of The the prey horses consisted pulling mainly a French of deer, gun.
chamois, As result, ibexes, the local bears farmers and boars. were able Fishing to seize was the also gun. pursued.
Manual One of the work, most such prominent as repairs figures on the of household this war was effects the Russian or
maintenance General Suwarow, of buildings, who was was an undertaken ally of the Austrians. directly at In the October castle.
Not 1799, only he and the menial his troops staff, succeeded all inhabitants, in enforcing including the passage the knight over
and the snow-covered his family, were Panix involved pass. in Another such work. sensation Needles, was thimbles, caused by
mandrels, the French spindle General whorls MacDonald, and weights who, in for the weaving winter of document 1800, led the an
activities army of approximately of the aristocratic 15’000 ladies.
men over the Splugen pass.
The war ended with the Treaty of Lunéville in February 1800.
Austria had to pull out of the Grisons.
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