A Classification of the Recent Elasmobranchii
A Classification of the Recent Elasmobranchii
A Classification of the Recent Elasmobranchii
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CLASSIFICATION OF THE<br />
RECENT ELASMOBRANCHII<br />
A <strong>Classification</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Living Sharks and Rays <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> World<br />
Brian Mould<br />
Copyright Brian Mould 1997<br />
1
Superorder: HEXANCHOIDEA<br />
Order Hexanchiformes<br />
Superorder: HETERODONTOIDEA<br />
Order Heterodontiformes<br />
Superorder: SQUALOIDEA<br />
Order Squaliformes<br />
Order Pristiophoriformes<br />
Order Squatiniformes<br />
Superorder: GALEOIDEA<br />
Order Orectolobiformes<br />
Order Lamniformes<br />
Order Carcharhiniformes<br />
Superorder: BATOIDEA<br />
Order Torpediniformes<br />
Order Pristiformes<br />
Order Rhinobatiformes<br />
Order Rajiformes<br />
Order Myliobatiformes<br />
2
Superorder HEXANCHOIDEA<br />
Order HEXANCHIFORMES<br />
Family CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE<br />
(Frilled Sharks; Eel Sharks)<br />
Genus CHLAMYDOSELACHUS Garman 1884<br />
Chlamydoselachus GARMAN 1884, type Chlamydoselachus anguineus GARMAN 1884<br />
Chlamydoselache GUNTHER 1887 (Emendation)<br />
Chlamydoselachoides FOWLER 1947 type Chlamydoselachus lawleyi DAVIS<br />
(Fossil )<br />
C. ANGUINEUS Garman 1884 Frilled Shark;Eel Shark<br />
Chlamydoselachus anguineus GARMAN 1884 t/l; Japanese Seas.<br />
Range; Japan; Norway to Portugal; California.<br />
FC 00 006001<br />
C. SP. EBERT S.African Frilled Shark. Sp. dub.<br />
Chlamydoselachus sp. EBERT t/l; S. Africa.<br />
Family HEXANCHIDAE<br />
(Sixgill and Sevengill Sharks)<br />
Genus HEXANCHUS Rafinesque 1810<br />
Hexanchus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Squalus (Monopterhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Notidanus CUVIER 1817 (part), type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Hexanchias SWAINSON 1838 (Emendation)<br />
Hexancus AGASSIZ 1846 ( ? lapsus), type Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
H. GRISEUS (Bonn) 1788 Sixgill Shark; Cowshark;Requin Griset; Mudshark<br />
Vacca SCILLA 1759<br />
Le Griset BROUSSONET 1780 ( Mediterranean)<br />
Squalus griseus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Squalo SPALLANZANI 1793 ( Italy)<br />
Le Squale Griset LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Squalus vacca BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801<br />
Hexanchus griseus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus (Monopterhinus) colombinus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Notidanus monge RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice, France<br />
Notidanus sp. dubia POEY 1865 t/l; Cuba<br />
Hexanchus corinus JORDAN & GILBERT 1880 t/l; Washington; Monterey Bay<br />
Notidanus vulgaris PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile.<br />
Hexanchus griseus australis De BUEN 1960<br />
Range;E. Atlantic & Med. south to Cape Verde Is., Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa but not definitely Cape region.<br />
New England to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. Alaska to Baja California. Hawaii. Japan. Dubious from<br />
Indonesia. Chile. N. Argentina & S.Brazil. S.E. Aus. N.Z.<br />
FC 00 005005<br />
H. NAKAMURAI Teng 1962 Bigeye Sixgill Shark<br />
Hexanchus griseus nakamurai TENG 1962 t/l; Taiwan<br />
Hexanchus vitulus SPRINGER & WALLER 1969 t/l; Bimini, Bahamas.<br />
Range; Bahamas; Florida; East Africa; Madagascar;Philippines.<br />
3
FC 00 005004<br />
Genus HEPTRANCHIAS Rafinesque 1810<br />
Heptranchias RAF. 1810, type Squalus cinereus GMELIN 1789<br />
? Squalus (Monopterhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) (? M. ciliaris BLAINVILLE 1816)<br />
Notidanus CUVIER 1829 ( part )<br />
Heptanchus MULLER& HENLE 1841 (emendation) type Squalus cinereus GMELIN 1789<br />
Aellopos AGASSIZ 1843 type Aellopos wagneri AGASSIZ (fossil)<br />
Heptranchus GRAY 1851 (emendation)<br />
Notidanion JORDAN 1923 type Notidanus primigenius AGASSIZ (fossil)<br />
H. PERLO (Bonnaterre) 1788 Narrowhead Sevengill Shark; Perlon<br />
Le Perlon BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Squalus perlo BONN. 1788 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Squalus cinereus GMELIN 1789 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Le Squale perlon LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Heptranchias cinereus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
? Squalus (Monopterhinus) ciliaris BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
Notidanus monge var. griseus (RISSO 1826) BONAPARTE 1846(name in synonymy)<br />
Notidanus monge var. albescens (RISSO 1826) BONAPARTE 1846 (name in synonymy)<br />
Notidanus monge var. rubescens (RISSO 1826) BONAPARTE 1846 (name in synonymy)<br />
Heptrancus angio COSTA 1854 t/l; Naples<br />
Notidanus (Heptrancus) cinereus var. pristiurus (var. aetatis) BELLOTTI 1877 t/l; Med.<br />
Heptranchias deani JORDAN & STARKS 1901 t/l; Misaki, Japan.<br />
Heptranchias dakini WHITLEY 1931 t/l; Australia.<br />
Range; Worldwide in tropical & subtropical seas.<br />
FC 00 005001<br />
Genus NOTORHYNCHUS Ayres 1855<br />
Notorhynchus AYRES 1855, type Notorhynchus maculatus AYRES 1855 ( = Squalus cepedianus<br />
PERON 1807)<br />
N. CEPEDIANUS (Peron ) 1807 Broadhead Sevengill Shark<br />
Squalus cepedianus PERON 1807 t/l; Adventure Bay, Tasmania.<br />
? Notidanus indicus AGASSIZ 1835 t/l; East Indies. ( teeth )<br />
Notorhynchus maculatus AYRES 1855 t/l; California<br />
Notorhynchus borealis GILL 1864 t/l; Oregon (jaws)<br />
Heptranchias pectorosus GARMAN 1884 t/l; Patagonia<br />
Notidanus ferox PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile<br />
Heptranchias haswelli OGILBY 1897 t/l;" Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope"(?Australia)<br />
Notidanus medinae PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Cartagena, Chile<br />
Notidanus wolniczkyi PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Coquimba, Chile<br />
Notidanus wolniczkii PHILIPPI 1901(emendation)<br />
Heptranchias spilotus LAHILLE 1913<br />
Notorhynchus ocellatus DEVINCENZI 1920 t/l; Uruguay<br />
Notorhynchus macdonaldi WHITLEY 1931 t/l; NSW., Aus.<br />
Range;S.Aus.; Tasmania; S. Alaska to Baja Caifornia;Peru; Chile; Argentina; S. Brazil;Japan &<br />
Eastern China; S. Africa . Indian records dubious.<br />
FC 00 005002<br />
Species dubiae :-<br />
Squalus platycephalus TENORE 1809 (nom. nud.) t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Naples, Italy<br />
Notidanus sp. CUVIER 1829<br />
4
Superorder HETERODONTOIDEA<br />
Order HETERODONTIFORMES<br />
(Bullhead Sharks;Hornsharks)<br />
Family HETERODONTIDAE<br />
Genus HETERODONTUS Blainville 1816<br />
Subgenus HETERODONTUS Blainville 1816<br />
Cestracion SCHAEFFER 1760 (Inadmissible work) Not binomial<br />
Squalus (Heterodontus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus philippi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801.<br />
Monotypic.<br />
Cestracion CUVIER 1817, type Squalus philippi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801.<br />
Cestracion OKEN 1817 (Inadmissible work) Refers to Schaeffer 1760, also inadmissible.<br />
non Cestracion KLEIN 1742, KLEIN 1776, WALBAUM 1792, GILL 1862 and GARMAN 1913<br />
which equal Sphyrna RAFINESQUE 1810 ( q.v.)<br />
? Drepanophorus EGERTON 1872, type Acrodus rugosus AGASSIZ (fossil)<br />
H. PORTUSJACKSONI (Meyer) 1793 Port Jackson Shark<br />
Port Jackson Shark PHILLIP 1789 ( Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia )<br />
Squalus portus jacksoni MEYER 1793 (On Phillip) t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia<br />
Le squale Philipp LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Squalus jacksoni SUCKOW 1799 t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia<br />
Squalus philippi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (On Phillip) t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW.,<br />
Australia.<br />
Squalus philippinus SHAW 1804 (On Phillip) t/l; Port Jackson,Botany Bay, NSW., Australia<br />
? Heterodontus phillipi var. japonicus DUMERIL 1865 (part) t/l; Australia<br />
Cestracion heterodontus SHERRARD 1896 t/l;Hobson's Bay,Victoria.<br />
Cestracion phillippi REGAN 1908 (lapsus)<br />
Heterodontus bonae-spei OGILBY 1908 t/l; "Table Bay,S. Africa" in error.<br />
Range; Australia; N.Z.<br />
FC 00 007001<br />
Subgenus GYROPLEURODUS Gill 1862<br />
Gyropleurodus GILL 1862, type Cestracion francisci GIRARD 1854. Monotypic.<br />
Tropidodus GILL 1862, type Cestracion pan<strong>the</strong>rinus VALENCIENNES 1846 (1855) = Cestracion<br />
quoyi FREMINVILLE 1840.<br />
H. QUOYI (Freminville) 1840 Galapagos Bullhead Shark<br />
Cestracion quoyi FREMINVILLE 1840 t/l; Galapagos Is.<br />
Cestracion pan<strong>the</strong>rinus VALENCIENNES 1845<br />
Gyropleurodus peruanus EVERMANN & RADCLIFFE 1917 t/l; Lobos de Tierra I., Peru<br />
Range; Galapagos Is.; Peru.<br />
H. FRANCISCI (Girard) 1854 Horn Shark<br />
Cestracion francisci GIRARD 1854 t/l; Monterey Bay, California.<br />
Heterodontus californicus HERALD 1961 (error for francisci)<br />
Range; Central California to Gulf <strong>of</strong> California; ?Ecuador.<br />
H. RAMALHEIRA (J .L.B. Smith) 1949 Whitespotted Bullhead Shark<br />
Gyropleurodus ramalheira J.L.B.SMITH 1949 t/l; Imhambane,Mozambique.<br />
Range;S. Mozambique and Natal and <strong>of</strong>f S.E.Arabia.<br />
5
H. MEXICANUS Taylor & Castro-Aguirre 1972 Mexican Hornshark<br />
Heterodontus mexicanus TAYLOR & CASTRO-AGUIRRE 1972 t/l; Ceiro<br />
Colorado,Sonora,Mexico.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California, probably south to Peru.<br />
Subgenus MOLOCHOPHRYS Whitley 1931<br />
Molochophrys WHITLEY 1931, type Cestracion galeatus GUNTHER 1870<br />
H. GALEATUS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1870 Crested Bullhead Shark<br />
Cestracion galeatus GUNTHER 1870 t/l;N.S.W., Australia<br />
Range; N.S.W. and Queensland, Australia.<br />
FC 00 007003<br />
Subgenus WUIA Fowler 1934<br />
Centracion GRAY 1831 (emended variant spelling <strong>of</strong> Cestracion) , type Centracion zebra GRAY<br />
1831. Monotypic.<br />
Wuia FOWLER 1934, type Centracion zebra GRAY 1831.<br />
H. ZEBRA (Gray) 1831 Zebra Bullhead Shark<br />
Centracion zebra GRAY 1831 t/l; Swatow, China.<br />
? Cestracion philippi var. japonicus DUMERIL 1865 (part) (Australia)<br />
Cestracion phillipi var. zebra MARTENS 1876 (Nagasaki)<br />
Cestracion amboinensis REGAN 1906 t/l; Amboina<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan;Eastern China to Indo-China. Celebes. N. Australia.<br />
DC 00 007002<br />
H. JAPONICUS (Maclay & Macleay) 1884 Japanese Bullhead Shark<br />
? Heterodontus philippi var. japonicus DUMERIL 1865 (part) (Japan)<br />
Cestracion philippi MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801) (Japan) Not <strong>the</strong><br />
"New Holland" example, which is portusjacksoni<br />
Heterodontus phillippi BREVOORT 1856 (Simola)<br />
Cestracion japonicus MACLAY & MACLEAY 1884 t/l; Tokyo, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan; Korea; China.<br />
Heterodontus undescribed species<br />
Heterodontus sp. MEE Oman Bullhead Shark<br />
6
Superorder SQUALOIDEA<br />
Order SQUALIFORMES<br />
Family SQUALIDAE<br />
(Spiny Dogfish;Spurdogs)<br />
Genus SQUALUS Linn. 1758<br />
Squalus LINN. 1758 type Squalus acanthias LINN.1758<br />
Squallus SCOPOLI 1777 type Squalus acanthias LINN.1758<br />
Squalis RADERMAKER 1779<br />
Squalus (Acanthorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) incl. Squalus acanthias LINN.1758<br />
Spinax CUVIER 1817 (part)<br />
Acanthias LEACH 1818 (nom. nud.)<br />
Acanthias RISSO 1826 type Acanthias vulgaris 1826 = Squalus acanthias LINN. 1758<br />
Carcharias GISTEL 1848( non RAF.) to replace Acanthias RISSO 1826<br />
Centrophorides DAVIS 1887 type Centrophorides latidens DAVIS 1887( fossil )<br />
Squalus (Flakeus) WHITLEY 1939 type Squalus megalops MACLEAY<br />
Squalus (Koinga) WHITLEY 1939 type Squalus griffini PHILLIPS ( = Squalus mitsukurii )<br />
S. ACANTHIAS Linn. 1758 White-spotted Spurdog<br />
Akanthias galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium VI c. 10, IX c. 37<br />
Mustelus spinax BELON 1553 (not LINNAEUS 1758 = Etmopterus)<br />
Galeus acanthias ROND. 1554<br />
Stachdhund GESNER 1558<br />
Squalus sp. no. 1 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Squalus sp. no. 3 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Squalus acanthias LINNAEUS 1754 Mus. Idol. Frid. p. 53<br />
Squalus acanthias LINNAEUS 1758 ("Oceano Europaeo")<br />
Picked Dog BROOKES 1763<br />
Spinax DUHAMEL 1769-82 (inadmissible work)<br />
Piked Dog BROOKES 1772<br />
Piked Dogfish PENNANT 1776 t/l; Cornwall, England.<br />
L'Aiguillet BROUSSONET 1780 (Mediterranean, Atlantic & Scotland)<br />
Squalus spinax OLAVIUS 1780 (Iceland)<br />
Squalus fernandinus MOLINA 1782 t/l;Chile<br />
Squale aiguillet LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Acanthorhinus ferdinandinus BLAINVILLE 1816 (lapsus for fernandinus)<br />
Acanthias antiquorum LEACH 1818 (n. nud.)<br />
Acanthias vulgaris RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice<br />
Acanthias americanus STORER 1846 New York to Labrador<br />
Spinax fernandezianus GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile<br />
Spinax mediterraneus GISTEL 1848 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Spinax (Acanthias) suckleyi GIRARD 1854 t/l; Puget Sound, Washington<br />
Acanthias sucklii GIRARD 1858 (emendation)<br />
Acanthias linnei MALM 1877 t/l; Goteberg, Sweden<br />
Acanthias lebruni VAILLANT 1888 t/l; Straits <strong>of</strong> Magellan<br />
Acanthias commun NAVARETTE 1898<br />
Squalus mitsukurii TANAKA 1917 (non JORD. & FWLR. 1903)<br />
Squalus wakiyae TANAKA 1918 t/l; Japan<br />
Squalus kirki PHILLIPPS 1931 t/l; New Zealand<br />
7
Squalus whitleyi PHILLIPPS 1931 t/l; Victoria, Australia<br />
Squalus barbouri HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l; Havana, Cuba<br />
Squalus acanthias africana MYAGKOV & KONDYURIN 1986 (sou<strong>the</strong>ast Atlantic)<br />
Spurdog; Piked Dogfish; Spiny Dog; Speerdog; Bone Dog; Skittledog;<br />
Hoe; Cu-maire (= Sea Dog); Gobag; Ci-pigog; Doorhael.<br />
Ra: Iceland and Norway to Mediterranean; Labrador to Cuba; W. coast <strong>of</strong> South Africa; Washington<br />
to Alaska round to Japan; temperate Australia; New Zealand; Chile to Straits <strong>of</strong> Magellan. Temperate<br />
seas worldwide. FC 00 020008<br />
S. BLAINVILLE (Risso) 1826 Longnose Spurdog<br />
Acanthias blainville RISSO 1826 t/l;Nice, France<br />
Spinax blainvillii BONAPARTE 1834 (emendation) t/l; Italy<br />
Squalus blainvillei GRIFFINI 1903 (emendation)<br />
Ra: Mediterranean and Black Sea; Canaries; Portugal; tropical & subtropical east Atlantic.<br />
S. MEGALOPS (Macleay) 1881 Shortnose Spurdog<br />
Acanthias megalops MACLEAY 188 t/l; Pt. Jackson; NSW<br />
? Squalus acutipinnis REGAN 1908 t/l; Table Bay, South Africa<br />
Squalus tasmaniensis HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l;Tasmania<br />
Ra: ; Queensland to S. & W. Aus.; Tasmania; Japan. ( ?South Africa)<br />
FC 00 020006<br />
S. MITSUKURII Jordan & Fowler 1903 Shortspine Spurdog;Greeneye Spurdog<br />
Squalus mitsukurii JORDAN & FOWLER t/l; 1903 t/l; Misaki, Japan<br />
Squalus philippinus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 (non SHAW 1804) t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Luzon, Philippines.<br />
Squalus montalbani WHITLEY 1931 (nom. nov. for philippinus S & R, preocc.)<br />
? Squalus griffini PHILLIPPS 1931 t/l; Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand<br />
Ra: Japan to Philippines. Queensland to N.W. Australia via sou<strong>the</strong>rn Australia & Tasmania. ?N.Z.<br />
FC 00 020007<br />
S. JAPONICUS Ishikawa 1908 Japanese Spurdog<br />
Squalus japonicus ISHIKAWA 1908 t/l; Kagoshima, Japan<br />
Ra: Japan<br />
S. BREVIROSTRIS Tanaka 1912 Japanese Shortnose Spurdog<br />
Squalus brevirostris TANAKA 1912 t/l; Tokyo market (from Shimonoseki)<br />
Ra; Japan.<br />
S. CUBENSIS Howell - Rivero 1936 Cuban Spurdog<br />
Galludo PARRA 1787<br />
Squalus cubensis HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l; Havana, Cuba<br />
Ra: <strong>of</strong>f Havana and Matanzas, Cuba<br />
S. ASPER Merrett 1973 Roughskin Spurdog<br />
Squalus asper MERRETT 1973 t/l; Aldabra I.,S.W.Indian Ocean.<br />
Ra: Western Indian Ocean; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico; widespread in deep water<br />
S. MELANURUS Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979 Blacktailed Spurdog<br />
Squalus melanurus FOURMANOIR & RIVATON 1979 t/l;New Caledonia<br />
Ra: New Hebrides; New Caledonia<br />
S. RANCURELI Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979 Cyrano Spurdog<br />
Squalus rancureli FOURMANOIR et. al. 1979 t/l; New Hebrides.<br />
Range; New Hebrides;New Caledonia.<br />
S. ACUTIROSTRIS Chu,Meng & Li 1984<br />
Squalus acutirostris CHU, MENG & LI 1984 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range; South China Sea.<br />
8
S. PROBATOVI Myagkov & Kondyurin 1986 Cunene Spurdog<br />
Squalus probatovi MYAGKOV & KONDYURIN 1986 t/l; S.E. Atlantic.<br />
Range; S.E. Atlantic.<br />
Squalus sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Bartail Spurdog<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Queensland between Cairns& Rockhampton<br />
FC 00 020037<br />
Squalus sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Highfin Spurdog<br />
Range;Upper Continental Slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland<br />
FC 00 020038<br />
Squalus sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Western Highfin Spurdog<br />
Range;Slope <strong>of</strong>f Western Australia<br />
FC 00 020018<br />
Squalus sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 Fatspine Spurdog<br />
Range;Upper slope <strong>of</strong>f NW Australia<br />
FC 00 020039<br />
Squalus sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 Western Longnose Spurdog<br />
Range;Slope <strong>of</strong>f Western Australia Scott Reef to Perth.<br />
FC 00 020040<br />
Squalus sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Longnose Spurdog<br />
Range;Slope, Queensland. Cape York to Rockhampton.<br />
FC 00 020041<br />
Genus CENTROPHORUS Muller & Henle 1837<br />
Gulper Sharks<br />
Subgenus CENTROPHORUS Muller & Henle 1837<br />
? Squalus (Acanthorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) incl. infernus = uyato.<br />
Centrophorus MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus granulosus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801<br />
Entoxychirus GILL 1862, type Squalus uyato RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
Atractophorus GILCHRIST 1922, type Atractophorus armatus GILCHRIST 1922<br />
Gaboa WHITLEY 1940, type Centrophorus harrissoni McCULLOCH 1915<br />
C. GRANULOSUS (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Granulated Gulper Shark; Longnose Gulper<br />
Shark; Dumb Gulper Shark<br />
Squalus granulosus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 No type loc. Holotype apparently lost.<br />
Centrophorus bragancae REGAN 1906 t/l; Cecimbra, Portugal.<br />
Centrophorus tessellatus GARMAN 1906 t/l; 35 N., 139 30 E.,east <strong>of</strong> Japan in 400 fthms.<br />
Centrophorus atromarginatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Suruga Bay, Japan.<br />
Centrophorus machequensis MAUL 1955 t/l; Madeira<br />
Range; Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay, Mediterranean, Madeira and Eastern Atlantic to Zaire; Natal to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Madagascar; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan to South China Sea; S. Australia; Hawaii; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Australian FC 00 020023<br />
C. UYATO (Rafinesque) 1810 Little Gulper Shark; Harrisson's Deepsea Dogfish<br />
Squalus uyato RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus uyatus RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
? Squalus (Acanthorhinus) infernus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
Squalus infernus BLAINVILLE 1825 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Acanthias nigrescens NARDO 1860 t/l; Italy<br />
Centrophorus harrissoni McCULLOCH 1915 t/l; near Cabo I., Victoria, Australia<br />
Centrophorus ujato TORTONESE 1956 (lapsus)<br />
9
Centrophorus niaukang TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan.<br />
Centrophorus armatus barbatus TENG 1962 t/l; East China Sea.<br />
Range; Western Mediterranean to Namibia; Mozambique; S.E. Australia; East China Sea.<br />
Australian FC 00 020010 (harrissoni)<br />
Australian FC 00 020011 (uyato)<br />
C. MOLUCCENSIS Bleeker 1860 Smallfin Gulper Shark; Endeavour Dogfish<br />
Centrophorus moluccensis BLEEKER 1860 t/l; Amboina, Moluccas.<br />
Centrophorus scalpratus McCULLOCH 1915 t/l; Victoria, Australia.<br />
Atractophorus armatus GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Africa.<br />
Range; ;Moluccas; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa from Natal to Mozambique. S. E. Australia. New Hebrides.<br />
New Caledonia.<br />
FC 00 020001<br />
C. LUSITANICUS Bocage & Capello 1964 Lowfin Gulper Shark<br />
Centrophorus lusitanicus BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal<br />
? Centrophorus ferrugineus CHU, MENG & HU 1982 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range; Eastern Atlantic; Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Africa; Taiwan; ? South China Sea<br />
Subgenus Lepidorhinus BONAPARTE 1838<br />
Lepidorhinus BONAPARTE 1838, type Squalus squamosus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Machephilus JOHNSON 1867, type Machephilus dumerili JOHNSON 1867<br />
Somnispinax WHITLEY 1940, type Centrophorus nilssoni THOMPSON 1930.<br />
Enchiridiodon J.L.B. SMITH 1967, type Enchiridiodon hendersoni J.L.B. SMITH 1967<br />
C. SQUAMOSUS (Bonnaterre) 1788 Leafscale Gulper Shark<br />
L' ecailleux BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Squalus squamosus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Machephilus dumerili JOHNSON 1867<br />
Centrophorus foliaceus GUNTHER 1877 t/l; Inosima, Japan.<br />
Centrophorus acus GARMAN 1906 t/l; Japan.<br />
Centrophorus steindachneri PIETSCHMANN 1907 t/l; Japan<br />
? Lepidorhinus kinbei TANAKA (?date) ?Japan.<br />
? Centrophorus drygalskii ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Japan<br />
Centroscymnus fuscus GILCHRIST & VON BONDE 1924 t/l; S. Africa.<br />
Centrophorus nilssoni THOMPSON 1930 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Kaikoura, N.Z.<br />
Enchiridiodon hendersoni J.L.B. SMITH 1967 t/l; Algoa Bay, South Africa.<br />
Range; Eastern Atlantic from Iceland to Senegambia; S. Africa; S. Japan; Philippines;<br />
S.E.Australia; New Zealand; North <strong>of</strong> Madagascar. Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
FC 00 020009<br />
UNPLACED<br />
Centrophorus squaloideus ENGELHARDT 1913 (n.nud.)<br />
Pseudocentrophorus CHU, MENG & LU 1981, gen. nov. type Pseudocentrophorus isodon CHU,<br />
MENG & LU 1981 sp. nov. Blackfin Gulper Shark t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Centrophorus robustus DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1985 t/l; East China Sea.<br />
Centrophorus sp. SERET New Caledonia.<br />
10
Genus DEANIA Jordan & Snyder 1902<br />
(Longnose Dogfish)<br />
Subgenus DEANIA Jordan & Snyder 1902<br />
Acanthidium LOWE 1839 (In part) included A. calceus LOWE.<br />
Deania JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 type Deania eglanteria JORDAN & SNYDER 1902<br />
Deaniops WHITLEY 1932, type Acanthidium quadrispinosum McCULLOCH 1915<br />
D. CALCEA (Lowe) 1839 Birdbeak Dogfish;Shovelnose Spiny Dogfish;Thompson's deepsea<br />
dogfish (kaikourae);"Dorian Grey"<br />
Acanthidium calceum LOWE 1839 t/l; Madeira (No type material)<br />
Centrophorus crepidalbus BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal.<br />
Deania eglantina JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 t/l; Totomi Bay, Japan.<br />
Acanthidium rostratum GARMAN 1906 t/l; Suruga Gulf, Japan.<br />
Acanthidium aciculatum GARMAN 1906 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan.<br />
Centrophorus kaikourae WHITLEY 1934 t/l; Off Kaikoura, New Zealand<br />
Deania calcea BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1957<br />
Range; Noth Eastern Atlantic; Namibia to Algoa Bay,S.Africa;Japan; New Zealand.<br />
FC 00 020003<br />
D. HYSTRICOSA (Garman) 1906 Rough Longnose Dogfish<br />
Acanthidium hystricosum GARMAN 1906 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan.<br />
Deania mauli CADENAT 1983 t/l; Madeira.<br />
Range;Japan;Madeira.<br />
D. QUADRISPINOSA (McCulloch) 1915 Longsnout Dogfish<br />
Acanthidium quadrispinosum McCULLOCH 1915 t/l; Gabo I.,Gt. Australian Bight and Victoria,<br />
Australia.<br />
Range; S.Australia;Victoria, Aus.; South Africa from Namibia to S.Mozambique.<br />
FC 00 020004<br />
Subgenus NASISQUALUS Smith & Radcliffe 1912<br />
Nasisqualus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912, type Nasisqualus pr<strong>of</strong>undorum SMITH & RADCLIFFE<br />
1912.<br />
D. PROFUNDORUM (Smith & Radcliffe) 1912 Arrowhead Dogfish<br />
Nasisqualus pr<strong>of</strong>undorum SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; Between Leyte & Mindanao,<br />
Philippines.736 - 976 fthms.<br />
Acanthidium natalense GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; Natal, S.Africa.<br />
Deania elegans SPRINGER 1959 t/l; Cape Fear,North Carolina.<br />
Deania cremouxi CADENAT 1960 t/l; Senegal. W.Africa.<br />
Range; Both sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic & Western Pacific Oceans.<br />
Genus CIRRHIGALEUS Tanaka 1912<br />
Cirrhigaleus TANAKA 1912, type Cirrhigaleus barbifer TANAKA 1912<br />
Phaenopogon HERRE 1935, type Phaenopogon barbulifer HERRE 1935<br />
C. BARBIFER Tanaka 1912 Mandarin Dogfish<br />
Cirrhigaleus barbifer TANAKA 1912 t/l; Tokyo Market. From S.E.Honshu, Japan.<br />
Phaenopogon barbulifer HERRE 1935 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range; Japan; S.E.Australia; N.Z.<br />
FC 00 020026<br />
11
Family ETMOPTERIIDAE<br />
(Lantern Sharks)<br />
Genus ETMOPTERUS Rafiesque 1810<br />
Subgenus ETMOPTERUS Rafiesque 1810<br />
Etmopterus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Etmopterus aculeatus RAF.1810 = Squalus spinax LINN.<br />
1758<br />
Squalus (Spinax) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus spinax LINN. 1758<br />
Acanthias RISSO 1826 (part ) incl. spinax.<br />
Centrina LOWE 1833 (part),type Centrina nigra LOWE = Squalus spinax LINN.<br />
Etmopterus spinax group<br />
E. SPINAX (Linn.) 1758 Spinax; Velvet belly Dogfish<br />
Galeus acanthias seu Spinax fuscus : Genuae, Sagree WILLUGHBY 1686<br />
Squalus sp. 4 (pinna ani carens; naribus in extremo rostro) ARTEDI 1738<br />
Squalus spinax LINNAEUS 1746 Fauna Svec. p.107<br />
Squalus spinax LINNAEUS 1758 Syst. nat. 1.p. 233 t/l;Oceano Europaeo<br />
Squalus niger GUNNERUS 1762 t/l; Norway (Trondheim)<br />
Le blaataske ASCANIUS 1777<br />
Le sagre BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Le squale sagre LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Etmopterus aculeatus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Spinax gunneri REINHARDT 1828 t/l; Iceland<br />
? Spinax vitalinus DE LA PYLAIE 1835<br />
Spinax linnei MALM 1877 t/l; Sweden<br />
Range; North East Atlantic & Med.<br />
E. PRINCEPS Collett 1904 Great Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus princeps COLLETT 1904 t/l; Faroe Channel, 750 - 1200 metres<br />
Range; N.E. Atlantic.<br />
E. UNICOLOR (Engelhardt) 1912 Brown Lanternshark<br />
Spinax unicolor ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Honshu, Japan.<br />
Range; Honshu, Japan.<br />
E. BAXTERI Garrick 1957 New Zealand Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus baxteri GARRICK 1957 t/l;South <strong>of</strong> Kaiakoura, N.Z.<br />
Range; N.Z.<br />
Etmopterus hillianus group<br />
E. HILLIANUS (Poey) 1861 Broadband Lanternshark<br />
Spinax hillianus POEY 1861 t/l; Havana, Cuba.<br />
12
Etmopterus polli BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l; N. Angola,West Africa.<br />
Etmopterus gracilispinis KREFFT 1968 t/l; Continental shelf <strong>of</strong>f Uruguay<br />
Range; Western Atlantic from Chesapeake Bay to Uruguay. Eastern South Atlantic.<br />
E. VIRENS Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer 1953 Green Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus virens BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Range;Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
E. SCHULTZI Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer 1953 Fringefin Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus schultzi BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l;Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Etmopterus granulosus group<br />
E. GRANULOSUS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1880 Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Lanternshark<br />
Spinax granulosus GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Southwest South America<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Argentina & Chile; Tasmania<br />
FC 00 020021<br />
E. LUCIFER Jordan & Snyder 1902 Blackbelly Lantershark<br />
Etmopterus lucifer JORDAN & SNYDER 1902 t/l; Misaki, Japan.<br />
Etmopterus brachyurus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; 6 N., 120 E.,<strong>of</strong>f Jolo, Philippines.<br />
Acanthidium molleri WHITLEY 1939 t/l; N.S.W., Australia.<br />
Etmopterus abernethyi GARRICK 1957 t/l; New Zealand.<br />
Range; Japan; Philippines; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn half <strong>of</strong> Australia; N.Z.<br />
Australian fishcodes 00 020005 (lucifer) ; 00 020032 (brachyurus) ; 00 020033 (molleri)<br />
E. VILLOSUS Gilbert 1905 Lined Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus villosus GILBERT 1905 t/l; Molokai, Hawaii.<br />
Etmopterus bullisi BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1957 t/l; N.E.coast <strong>of</strong> Florida.<br />
Range; Hawaiian Is. Western N.Atlantic, N. Carolina to Caribbaean<br />
E. DECACUSPIDATUS Chan 1966 Combtooth Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus decacuspidatus CHAN 1966 t/l; Hainan, China.<br />
Range; Hainan<br />
Etmopterus sentosus group<br />
E. SENTOSUS Bass 1976 Thorny Lanternshark<br />
Etmopterus sentosus BASS 1976 t/l;Natal Basin;Bazaruto I., Mozambique<br />
Range; Natal Basin;Bazaruto I., Mozambique<br />
Subgenus ACANTHIDIUM Lowe 1839<br />
Acanthidium LOWE 1839, type Acanthidium pusillum LOWE 1839<br />
E. PUSILLUS (Lowe ) 1839 Smooth Lanternshark; Slender<br />
Lanternshark<br />
Centrina nigra LOWE 1843 (non CUVIER) t/l; Madeira<br />
Acanthidium pusillum LOWE 1839 t/l; Madeira<br />
? Etmopterus frontimaculatus PIETSCHMANN 1907 t/l; Sagami Sea, Japan<br />
13
Range; N.E. Atlantic; Japan; Tasmania; Central N.S.W.,Aus.<br />
FC 00 020015<br />
Genus Etmopterus unplaced<br />
Etmopterus carteri SPRINGER & BURGESS 1985 t/l; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Colombia.<br />
Etmopterus perryi SPRINGER & BURGESS 1985 t/l; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Colombia.<br />
Etmopterus schmidti DOLGANEV 1986 t/l; N.W.Pacific.<br />
Etmopterus tasmaniensis MYAGKOV & PAVLOV 1986 t/l;Tasmania<br />
Etmopterus splendidus YANO 1987 t/l; Japan.<br />
Etmopterus compagnoi FRICKE & KOCH 1990 t/l; Cape Basin, South Africa.<br />
Etmopterus litvinovi PARIN & KOTLYAR 1990 t/l; Eastern Pacific<br />
Etmopterus pycnolepis PARIN & KOTLYAR 1990 t/l; Eastern Pacific<br />
Etmopterus bigelowi SHIRAI & TACHIKAWA 1993 t/l;<br />
Etmopterus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Abrolhos Is. to Sunbury, W. Aus.;Sydney, N.S.W. to<br />
Tasmania. ? Synonym <strong>of</strong> E. bigelowi SHIRAI & TACHIKAWA. Australian fishcode 00 020027<br />
Etmopterus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Perth. W.Aus. to Taree, NSW. FC 00 020022<br />
Etmopterus sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 <strong>of</strong>f Broome, Western Aus. ? Synonym <strong>of</strong> E.<br />
splendidus YANO 1987 Australian fishcode 00 020028<br />
Etmopterus sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 Cairns,N. Queensland. Australian fishcode 00<br />
020029<br />
Etmopterus sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 Rowley Shoals & Ashmore Reef, W. Aus. Australian<br />
fishcode 00 020030<br />
Etmopterus sp. F LAST & STEVENS 1993 Between Cairns & Rockhampton, North Queensland.<br />
Australian fishcode 00 020031<br />
Etmopterus sp. COMPAGNO Guadalupe, Lesser Antilles.<br />
Etmopterus sp. COMPAGNO Chile<br />
Etmopterus sp. cf. princeps COMPAGNO Inaccessible Island<br />
Etmopterus sp. COMPAGNO & EBERT Sculpted Lantern Shark S. Africa.<br />
Etmopterus sp. cf. granulosus or baxteri COMPAGNO & EBERT Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa.<br />
Genus CENTROSCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1841<br />
Subgenus CENTROSCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1841<br />
Centroscyllium MULLER & HENLE 1841, type Spinax fabricii REINHARDT 1825<br />
C. FABRICII (Reinhardt) 1825 Black Dogfish<br />
Squalus acanthias FABRICI 1780 (non LINN. 1758) t/l; Julianahaab, West Greenland.<br />
14
Spinax fabricii REINHARDT 1825 t/l; West Greenland<br />
Range; North Atlantic from Davis Strait, West Greenland; Iceland;Faroes;Newfoundland. Below 150<br />
fthms.<br />
C. GRANULATUM Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1887 Granular Dogfish<br />
Centroscyllium granulatum GUNTHER 1887 t/l;Port Stanley, Falkland Is. in 448 metres.<br />
Range;Off Sou<strong>the</strong>rn South America.<br />
C. NIGRUM Garman 1899 Combtooth Dogfish<br />
Centroscyllium nigrum GARMAN 1899 t/l; Between 6&7 degrees N. and 81 & 82 degrees<br />
W.,Eastern Pacific, <strong>of</strong>f Panama in 546 - 555 fthms.<br />
Centroscyllium ruscosum GILBERT 1905 t/l; Kauai, Hawaiian Is.<br />
Range; Panama;Galapagos Is.;Cocos I.;Peru;Hawaiaan Is.<br />
C. RITTERI Jordan & Fowler 1903 Whitefin Dogfish<br />
Centroscyllium ritteri JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 t/l; Misaki, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan.<br />
C. KAMOHARAI Abe 1966 Bareskin Dogfish<br />
Centroscyllium kamoharai ABE 1966 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Yaizo,Suruga Bay,Honshu, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan; Australia FC 00 020024<br />
C. EXCELSUM Shirai & Nakaya 1990 Highfin Dogfish<br />
Centroscyllium excelsum SHIRAI & NAKAYA 1990 t/l; Emperor Seamont Chain, N.W.Pacific.<br />
Subgenus PARACENTROSCYLLIUM Alcock 1889<br />
Paracentroscyllium ALCOCK 1889, type Paracentroscyllium ornatum ALCOCK 1889<br />
C. ORNATUM (Alcock) 1889 Ornate Dogfish<br />
Paracentroscyllium ornatum ALCOCK 1889 t/l; Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal<br />
Range; Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal and Arabian Sea.<br />
Genus ACULEOLA De Buen 1959<br />
Aculeola DE BUEN 1959, type Aculeola nigra DE BUEN 1959<br />
A. NIGRA (De Buen) 1959 Hooktooth Dogfish<br />
Aculeola nigra DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Concon,Chile.<br />
Range; Argentina; Chile; Peru.<br />
Genus MICROSCYLLIUM Shirai & Nakaya 1990<br />
Microscyllium SHIRAI & NAKAYA 1990,type Centroscyllium sheikoi DOLGANEV 1986<br />
M. SHEIKOI (Dolganev) 1986 Rasptooth Dogfish<br />
Centroscyllium sheikoi DOLGANEV 1986 t/l; N.W.Pacific.<br />
Range;N.W.Pacific.<br />
Genus TRIGONOGNATHUS Mochizuki & Ohe 1990<br />
Trigonognathus MOCHIZUKI & OHE 1990, type Trigonognathus kabeyai MOCHIZUKI & OHE<br />
1990<br />
T. KABEYAI Mochizuki & Ohe 1990 Viper Dogfish<br />
Trigonognathus kabeyai MOCHIZUKI & OHE 1990 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range;Japan.<br />
Family DALATIIDAE<br />
(Kitefin Sharks)<br />
Genus DALATIAS Rafinesque 1810<br />
15
Dalatias RAFINESQUE 1810 type, Dalatias sparophagus RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
(unidentifiable). Dalatias nocturnus RAFINESQUE 1810 also listed<br />
Scymnus CUVIER 1817, type Squalus americanus GM 1789 = Squalus licha<br />
BONN. 1788 (Preocc. in Insecta)<br />
Scimnus S.D.W. 1837 (error)<br />
Scymnium CUVIER 1839-43, type Squalus niacensis RISSO 1810<br />
Dalatius AGASSIZ 1845 (emend.)<br />
Scymnorhinus BONAPARTE 1846, type S. lichia BONAPARTE = licha BONNATERRE 1788 ( See<br />
Hureau & Monod 1973, for use <strong>of</strong> this name in preference to Dalatias. They regaard sparophagus as<br />
unidentifiable)<br />
Barbarodus GISTEL 1848 (to replace Scymnorhinus)<br />
Pseudoscymnus HERRE 1935 type P. boshuensis HERRE<br />
D. LICHA (Bonn.) 1788 "Darkie Charlie";Seal Shark; "Liche";Kitefin Shark;Black Shark<br />
Le liche BROUSSONET 1780 (Cape Breton, France)<br />
Squalus licha BONN 1788( Le cap Breton, S.France)<br />
Squalus americanus GMELIN 1789<br />
Le Squale liche LAC. 1798 (Cape Breton, France)<br />
Squalus nicaensis RISSO 1810 t/l;Nice, France<br />
? Dalatias sparophagus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
? Dalatias nocturnus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Scymnus vulgaris CLOQUET 1822<br />
Squalus scymnus VOIGT 1832 ( in CUVIER)<br />
? Scymnus aquitanensis DE LA PYLAIE 1835<br />
Scymnorhinus phillippsi WHITLEY 1931 t/l; S.Aus.<br />
Pseudoscymnus boshuensis HERRE 1935 t/l; Boshu, Sagami Bay, Japan.<br />
Scymnorhinus brevipinnis J.L.B. SMITH 1936 t/l; Cape Recife, S. Africa.<br />
Dalatias tachiensis SHEN & TING 1972 t/l; Tachi, Taiwan.<br />
Range;East Atlantic;Irish Atlantic Slope to Rio de Oro. Western Med.<br />
One record for W.Atlantic.Japan. Taiwan. S. Africa. Australia.<br />
FC 00 020002<br />
Genus ISISTIUS Gill 1864<br />
Scymnus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 (part, non CUVIER 1817), type Scymnus brasiliensis QUOY &<br />
GAIMARD 1824<br />
Dalatias GRAY 1851 (part, non RAF. 1810).<br />
Isistius GILL 1864, type Scymnus brasiliensis QUOY & GAIMARD 1824<br />
Leius KNER 1865, type Leius ferox QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 = Scymnus brasiliensis.<br />
I. BRASILIENSIS (Quoy & Gaimard ) 1824. Cookiecutter Shark; Cigar Shark.<br />
Scymnus brasiliensis QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Brazil.<br />
Squalus (Scymnus) fulgens BENNETT 1840 t/l;Christmas I.,Tropical Pacific (2.5 degrees S., 163<br />
deg. W.,and 55 deg.N.,110 deg. W. according to Bennett,<strong>the</strong> second definitely in error as it is a<br />
terrestrial location.)<br />
Scymnus (Scymnus) brasiliensis var. torquatus MULLER & HENLE 1841 (no loc. Cape Verde<br />
according to Dumeril 1861)<br />
Scymnus (Scymnus) brasiliensis var. unicolor MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Mauritius.<br />
Leius ferox KNER 1865 t/l; Australia.<br />
Range;Tropical Atlantic; Mauritius;Australia;Hawaii.<br />
16
FC 00 020014<br />
I. PLUTODUS Garrick & Springer 1964 Largetooth Cookiecutter Shark<br />
Isistius plutodus GARRICK & SPRINGER 1964 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Range;Tropical West Atlantic;Japan.<br />
I. LABIALIS Meng, Chu & Li 1985<br />
Isistius labialis MENG, CHU &LI 1985 t/l;S.China Sea.<br />
Range; South China Sea.<br />
Genus EUPROTOMICRUS Gill 1864<br />
Scymnus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 (part) , type Scymnus bispinatus Q.&G. 1824<br />
Euprotomicrus GILL 1864, type Scymnus (Laemargus) labordii MULLER & HENLE 1839<br />
E. BISPINATUS (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) Pygmy Shark<br />
Leiche laborde QUOY & GAIMARD 1824<br />
Scymnus bispinatus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Mauritius.<br />
Scymnus mauritianus QUOY & GAIMARD 1830 t/l; Mauritius.<br />
Scymnus (Laemargus) labordii MULLER & HENLE 1839 (Mauritius; Bourbon)<br />
Euprotomicrus hyalinus EIGENMANN 1891 t/l; Between San Francisco & Honolulu.<br />
Range; Mauritius; Bourbon I., Indian Ocean;Western Australia; New Zealand;Eastern Pacific; S.<br />
Atlantic.<br />
FC 00 020034<br />
Genus SQUALIOLUS Smith & Radcliffe 1912<br />
Squaliolus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912, type Squaliolus laticaudus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912<br />
S. LATICAUDUS Smith & Radcliffe 1912 Spined Pygmy Shark<br />
Squaliolus laticaudus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; Batangas Bay, Luzon, Philippines.13 42 N.,<br />
120 57 E., in 170 fms.<br />
Squaliolus sarmenti NORONHA 1926 t/l; Madeira<br />
Range;Offshore & oceanic in tropical deep waters worldwide.<strong>Recent</strong>ly recorded from Biscay.<br />
S. ALIAE Teng 1959 Smalleye Pygmy Shark<br />
Squaliolus aliae TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan<br />
Range; Taiwan<br />
FC 00 020017<br />
Genus HETEROSCYMNOIDES Fowler 1934<br />
Heteroscymnoides FOWLER 1934, type Heteroscymnoides marleyi FOWLER 1934<br />
H. MARLEYI (Fowler) 1934 Longnose Pygmy Shark<br />
Heteroscymnoides marleyi FOWLER 1934 t/l; Point Ocean Beach,Natal.<br />
Heteroscymnus longus FOWLER 1925 ( non TANAKA)<br />
Range;South Africa.<br />
Genus EUPROTOMICROIDES Hulley & Penrith 1966<br />
Euprotomicroides HULLEY & PENRITH 1966 type Euprotomicroides zantedeschia HULLEY &<br />
PENRITH 1966<br />
E. ZANTEDESCHIA Hulley & Penrith 1966 Taillight Shark<br />
Euprotomicroides zantedeschia HULLEY & PENRITH 1966 t/l; West <strong>of</strong> Capetown, South Africa.<br />
Range; West <strong>of</strong> Capetown, South Africa. Second specimen from <strong>of</strong>f Uruguay (1980). In oceanic<br />
17
waters.<br />
Genus MOLLISQUAMA Dolganev 1984<br />
Mollisquama DOLGANEV 1984,type Mollisquama parini DOLGANEV 1984<br />
M. PARINI Dolganev 1984 Pocket Shark<br />
Mollisquama parini DOLGANEV 1984 t/l; Naska submarine ridge, Eastern Pacific.<br />
Range;Naska submarine ridge, Eastern Pacific.<br />
Family SOMNIOSIDAE<br />
(Sleeper Sharks)<br />
Genus SOMNIOSUS Lesueur 1818<br />
Subgenus SOMNIOSUS Lesueur 1818<br />
Squalus GUNN 1765 (non LINNAEUS) for Squalus carcharias GUNN (non LINNAEUS)<br />
Squalus (Acanthorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) for Squalus (Acanthorhinus) norvegianus<br />
BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Somniosus LeSUEUR 1818 type; S. brevipinna LeSUEUR = microcephalus BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
Scymnus FLEMING 1828 (pt.) for Scymnus borealis FLEMING = borealis SCORESBY<br />
Scymnus (Laemargus) MULLER & HENLE 1837 type; Scymnus borealis FLEMING = Scymnus<br />
borealis SCORESBY<br />
Somnolentus SWAINSON 1839<br />
Leiodon WOOD 1846, type; Scymnus echinatum WOOD 1846<br />
Dalatias (Somniosus) GRAY 1851 (non RAFINESQUE) type; Scymnus (Laemargus) borealis<br />
MULLER & HENLE<br />
S. MICROCEPHALUS (Bl. & Schn.) 1801 Greenland Shark; Gurry Shark; Sleeper Shark<br />
Haa-skierding GUNNERUS 1763 t/l; Trondheim, Norway.<br />
Squalus norvegicus GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work) (Norway)<br />
Squalus carcharias GUNNERUS 1765 (non LINN. = Carcharodon) (Norway<br />
Haa-kiaerringen ROSTED 1788 (Norway<br />
Squalus microcephalus BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Arctic Seas.<br />
Squalus squatina PALLAS 1814 (non LINN.) t/l; White & Arctic Seas.<br />
Squalus (Acanthorhinus) norvegianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud)<br />
Squalus (Somniosus) brevipinna LESUEUR 1818 t/l; Massachusetts.<br />
Squalus borealis SCORESBY 1820 t/l; Spitzbergen.<br />
Scymnus gunneri THIENEMANN 1828<br />
Scynmus glacialis FABER 1829 t/l; Iceland<br />
Scymnus micropterus VALENC. 1832 t/l; Seine Estuary<br />
Greenland Shark YARRELL 1836<br />
Leiodon echinatum WOOD 1846 t/l; Portland, Maine.<br />
Squalus norvegicus GRAY 1854 t/l; Bjorn I., Norway.<br />
? Somniosus antarcticus WHITLEY 1939 t/l; MacQuarie I. Sub-antarctic.<br />
Range;Arctic Atlantic;south to North Sea & Portugal in <strong>the</strong> east & to Cape Cod in <strong>the</strong> west; S. Africa<br />
18
; Kerguelen; ? MacQuarie I. Sub-antarctic.<br />
S. PACIFICUS Bigelow & Schroeder 1944 Salmon Shark;Pacific Sleeper Shark<br />
Somniosus pacificus BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; Sagami Sea, Japan.<br />
Range; North Pacific from S.E. Alaska to Japan. Bering Strait.Occasionally south to Puget Sound &<br />
California. Australia.<br />
FC 00 020036<br />
S. sp. QUERO 1976<br />
Somniosus sp. (QUERO 1976) [COMPAGNO 1984] Longnose Sleeper Shark. An unnamed longsnouted<br />
sp. from <strong>the</strong> Eastern Atlantic. Specimen in Bocage Museum, Lisbon, destroyed.<br />
Subgenus RHINOSCYMNUS Gill 1865<br />
Rhinoscymnus GILL 1865, type Scymnus rostratus RISSO 1826<br />
Heteroscymnus TANAKA 1912, type Heteroscymnus longus TANAKA 1912<br />
Somniosus (Brevisomniosus) QUERO 1975, type Somniosus (Brevisomniosus) bauchotae QUERO<br />
1975<br />
S. ROSTRATUS (Risso) 1810 Little Sleeper<br />
Shark.<br />
Scymnus rostratus RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.Mediterranean, deep water.<br />
Heteroscymnus longus TANAKA 1912 t/l; Tokyo Market, Japan.<br />
Somniosus (Brevisomniosus) bauchotae QUERO 1975 t/l; Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay,46 50 N., 5 10 W.<br />
Range; Mediterranean, deep water. Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay. ?Portugal; Japan.<br />
Genus CENTROSCYMNUS Bocage & Capello 1864<br />
Centroscymnus BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, type Centroscymnus coelolepis BOCAGE &<br />
CAPELLO 1864<br />
Centroselachus GARMAN 1913, type Centrophorus crepidater BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864<br />
Proscymnodon FOWLER 1933, type Centrophorus plunketi WAITE 1909<br />
C. COELOLEPIS Bocage & Capello 1864 Portuguese Dogfish<br />
Centroscymnus coelolepis BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal<br />
Scymnodon melas BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1953 t/l; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New England Coast.<br />
Centroscymnus macrops CHU,MENG & HU 1982 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range; E. North Atlantic,from Iceland to Med. & Cape Verde Is.<br />
W. North Atlantic, from Grand Banks to Nantucket;Australia;? N.Z.<br />
South China Sea.<br />
FC 00 020025<br />
C. CREPIDATER (Bocage & Capello) 1864 Longnose Velvet Dogfish;Deepwater<br />
Dogfish;Golden Dogfish<br />
Centrophorus crepidater BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864 t/l; Portugal<br />
Centrophorus rossi ALCOCK 1898 t/l; Travancore Coast, India in 430 fthms.<br />
Centrophorus jonsonii SAEMUNDSSON 1922 t/l; South coast <strong>of</strong> Iceland.<br />
Centroscymnus furvescens DE BUEN 1959 t/l;Chile<br />
Range N.E. Atlantic; Eastern South Atlantic;India;New Zealand;S.E.Australia;Chile.<br />
FC 00 020012<br />
C. CRYPTACANTHUS Regan 1906 Shortnose Velvet Dogfish<br />
Centrophorus (Centroscymnus) coelolepis GUNTHER 1870 ( non BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864<br />
Centroscymnus cryptacanthus REGAN 1906 t/l; Madeira<br />
Range;N.E. Atlantic.<br />
19
C. MACRACANTHUS Regan 1906 Largespine Velvet Dogfish<br />
Centroscymnus macracanthus REGAN 1906 t/l;Straits <strong>of</strong> Magellan, Argentina.<br />
Etmopterus paessleri LONNBERG 1907 t/l;Straits <strong>of</strong> Magellan, Argentina.<br />
Range; Straits <strong>of</strong> Magellan, Argentina.<br />
C. OWSTONI Garman 1906 Roughskin Dogfish; Owston's Spiny Dogfish<br />
Centroscymnus owstoni GARMAN 1906 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan; New Zealand; S.E.Australia<br />
FC 00 020019<br />
C. PLUNKETI (Waite) 1909 Plunket Dogfish; Waite's Deepsea Dogfish<br />
Centrophorus plunketi WAITE 1909 t/l; New Zealand.<br />
Centrophorus waitei THOMPSON 1930 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Kaikoura, N.Z. (deep water)<br />
Range; New Zealand;Australia.<br />
FC 00 020013<br />
Genus SCYMNODON Bocage & Capello 1864<br />
Scymnodon BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, type Scymnodon ringens BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864<br />
Zameus JORDAN & FOWLER 1903, type Centrophorus squamulosus GUNTHER 1877<br />
S. RINGENS Bocage & Capello 1864 Knifetooth Dogfish<br />
Scymnodon rigens BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, Diag. fam. Squal. p.3 extra (lapsus, ringens<br />
intended, ringor, to snarl)<br />
Scymnodon ringens BOCAGE & CAPELLO 1864, Proc. zool. soc. London p.263, fig. 5 t/l;<br />
Portugal.<br />
Range; N. E. Atlantic.<br />
S. SQUAMULOSUS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1877 Velvet Dogfish<br />
Centrophorus squamulosus GUNTHER 1877 t/l; Inosima, Japan.<br />
? Centroscymnus obscurus VAILLANT 1888 t/l; "Cotes du Soudan"= Tropical French West Africa.<br />
(Smalltooth Velvet Dogfish)<br />
? Scymnodon niger CHU, MENG & HU 1982 t/l; SouthChina Sea.<br />
Range; S. Japan;S. E.Australia;?Tropical East & West Atlantic;S. China Sea.<br />
FC 00 020042<br />
S. ISHIHARAI Yano & Tanaka 1984 Japanese Velvet Dogfish.<br />
Scymnodon ishiharai YANO & TANAKA 1984 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range;Japan.<br />
Genus SCYMNODALATIAS Garrick 1956<br />
Scymnodalatias GARRICK 1956, type Scymnodon sherwoodi ARCHEY 1921<br />
S. SHERWOODI (Archey) 1921 Sherwood Dogfish<br />
Scymnodon sherwoodi ARCHEY 1921 t/l; New Brighton Beach, Canterbury,New Zealand.<br />
Range;New Zealand.<br />
S. ALBICAUDA Taniuchi & Garrick 1986 Whitetail Dogfish<br />
20
Scymnodalatias albicauda TANIUCHI & GARRICK 1986 t/l; S.E. Indian Ocean.<br />
Range; S.E. Indian Ocean<br />
FC 00 020035<br />
S. GARRICKI Kukuev & Konovalenko 1988 Azores Dogfish<br />
Scymnodalatias garricki KUKUEV& KONOVALENKO 1988 t/l; Azores<br />
Range;Azores<br />
S. OLIGODON Kukuev & Konovalenko 1988 Sparsetooth Dogfish<br />
Scymnodalatias oligodon KUKUEV & KONOVALENKO 1988 t/l; Eastern Pacific.<br />
Range;Eastern Pacific.<br />
Family OXYNOTIDAE<br />
(Roughsharks)<br />
Genus OXYNOTUS Rafinesque 1810<br />
Oxynotus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Squalus centrina LINN. 1758<br />
Squalus (Centrina) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus centrina LINN. 1758<br />
Centrinus SWAINSON 1838 (emendation)<br />
O. CENTRINA (Linn.) 1758 Humantin; Angular Roughshark; Sawhund; Sailback<br />
Shark;Prickly Dogfish; Valentin's Seahound<br />
Kentrines ATHENAEUS c. A.D. 200<br />
Regnard de mer BELON 1551 Hist. nat. poissons marin p.46 bis fig.<br />
Vulpecula BELON 1553 Aquat. p. 63, 64 fig.<br />
Centrina RONDELET 1554, Pisc. p.384, fig.; SALVIANI 1554 Aquat. f. 57, pl 56-57<br />
Galeus centrina GESNER 1558, Aquat. p. 1250<br />
Squalus no. 5 ARTEDI 1738 Ichthyologia, Syn. p.95, Gen .p.67<br />
Galeus sp. no. 7 KLEIN 1742<br />
Squalus centrina LINN. 1758 t/l; Mediterranean.<br />
Le Humantin BROUSSONET 1780<br />
La Mielga CORNIDE 1788<br />
Le squale humantin LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Centrina salviani RISSO 1826<br />
Centrina humantin CLOQUET 1820<br />
Centrina oxynotus SWAINSON 1839<br />
Centrina vulpecula MOREAU 1881<br />
Range;N.E.Atlantic.and Med.<br />
O. BRUNIENSIS (Ogilby) 1893 Prickly Dogfish<br />
Centrina salviana HUTTON 1890 (non salviani RISSO) t/l; New Zealand<br />
Centrina bruniensis OGILBY 1893 t/l; Bruny I., Tasmania.<br />
Range; Australia; Tasmania; N.Z.<br />
FC 00 021001<br />
21
O. PARADOXUS Frade 1929 Sailfin Roughshark<br />
Oxynotus paradoxus FRADE 1929 t/l; Morocco.<br />
Range; N.E. Atlantic.<br />
O. CARIBBAEUS Cervigon 1961 Caribbaean Roughshark<br />
Oxynotus caribbaeus CERVIGON 1961 t/l; N. <strong>of</strong> Blanquilla I., Venezuela.<br />
Range; Caribbaean<br />
O. JAPONICUS Yano & Mur<strong>of</strong>ushi 1985 Japanese Roughshark<br />
Oxynotus japonicus YANO & MUROFUSHI 1985 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range; Japan<br />
O. SHUBNIKOVI Myagkov in Gubanov Kondyurin & Myagkov 1986 Flatiron Shark<br />
Oxynotus shubnikovi MYAGKOV in GUBANOV et.al. 1986 t/l;<br />
Sp. dub.<br />
Family ECHINORHINIDAE<br />
(Bramble Sharks)<br />
Genus ECHINORHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
Squalus (Echinorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789 = Squalus brucus<br />
BONNATERRE 1788.<br />
Scymnus CUVIER 1817 (part), type Scymnus spinosus CUV. 1817 = Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789<br />
Goniodus AGASSIZ 1838, type Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789<br />
Centrophorus SWAINSON 1839 (part, included spinosus) (non MULLER & HENLE 1837)<br />
Echinorhinus (Rubusqualus) WHITLEY 1931, type Echinorhinus (Rubusqualus) mccoyi WHITLEY<br />
1931 = Squalus brucus BONN. 1788<br />
E. BRUCUS (Bonnaterre) 1788 Bramble Shark; Spinous Shark; Prickly Shark; Alligator<br />
Shark.<br />
Le Chien De Mer boucle BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Squalus brucus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l;"The Ocean" (North Atlantic)<br />
Squalus spinosus GMELIN 1789 t/l; "In Oceano"<br />
Squale boucle LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Leiche boucle CLOQUET 1816-1830<br />
Spinous shark YARRELL 1839<br />
Echinorhinus obesus A. SMITH 1849 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope,South Africa.<br />
Echinorhinus (Rubusqualus) mccoyi WHITLEY 1931 t/l; Portland, Victoria, Australia.(Based on<br />
McCoy 1887, said to be separable from Gmelin)<br />
Range; North Sea to Tropical West Africa.Mediterranean;South Africa; Australia; New Zealand;<br />
Japan; West Atlantic;Arabian Sea; Eastern Pacific.<br />
FC 00 022001<br />
E. COOKEI Pietschmann 1928 Prickly Shark<br />
Echinorhinus cookei PIETSCHMANN 1928 t/l; South coast <strong>of</strong> Kauai, Hawaii.<br />
Range; Hawaiian Is.;New Zealand; Australia<br />
FC 00 022002<br />
22
ORDER PRISTIOPHORIFORMES<br />
(Sawsharks)<br />
FAMILY PRISTIOPHORIDAE<br />
Genus PRISTIOPHORUS Muller & Henle 1837<br />
Fivegill Sawsharks<br />
Pristiophorus MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Pristis cirratus LA THAM 1794<br />
P. CIRRATUS (Latham) 1794 Longnose Sawshark<br />
Pristis cirratus LATHAM 1794 t/l; Port Jackson, New Holland = Australia<br />
Pristis cirrhata BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on LATHAM )<br />
Squalus anisodon LACEPEDE 1802 t/l; New Holland<br />
Squalus tentaculatus SHAW 1804 t/l; New Holland<br />
Range;N.S.W. to S.W. Aus.;Philippines; S.Africa<br />
FC 00 023002<br />
P. NUDIPINNIS Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1870 Shortnose Sawshark; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Australian Sawshark<br />
Pristiophorus nudipinnis GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Tasmania & New Holland<br />
Pristiophorus owenii GUNTHER 1870 (No loc.) Habitat unknown<br />
Range;Victoria; Tasmania; South Australia.<br />
FC 00 023001<br />
P. JAPONICUS Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1870 Japanese Sawshark<br />
Pristiophorus cirratus RICHARDSON 1846 (non LATHAM)<br />
Pristiophorus japonicus GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range; Japan; Korea.<br />
P. SCHROEDERI Springer & Bullis 1960 Bahamas Sawshark<br />
Pristiophorus schroederi SPRINGER & BULLIS 1960 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Dog Rocks, Cay Sol Bank,Bahamas.<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Bahamas & S.E. Florida.<br />
Pristiophorus sp. STEHMANN Dwarf Sawshark<br />
Western Indian Ocean<br />
Pristiophorus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Eastern Australian sawshark<br />
Victoria & N.S.W.,Aus.<br />
FC 00 023003<br />
Pristiophorus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Tropical Australian sawshark<br />
Slope, Queensland.<br />
FC 00 023004<br />
Genus PLIOTREMA Regan 1906<br />
Pliotrema REGAN 1908, type Pliotrema warreni REGAN 1906<br />
Sixgill Sawsharks<br />
P. WARRENI Regan 1906 Sixgill Sawshark<br />
Pliotrema warreni REGAN 1906 t/l; Natal;False Bay, Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope.<br />
Range; South Africa.<br />
23
Order SQUATINIFORMES<br />
Family SQUATINIDAE<br />
Genus SQUATINA A.M.C. Dumeril 1806<br />
Rhine ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium c. 330 B.C.<br />
Squatina PLINY IX 14 Natural History ( AD 23-79 )<br />
Squatina WOTTON 1552; BELON 1553<br />
Rhina SCHAEFFER 1760 (inadmissible work ) no type<br />
Squatina VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work )<br />
Rhina KLEIN 1776 (inadmissible work )<br />
Rhina WALBAUM 1792 (on Klein) (inadmissible work )<br />
Squatina A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806 , type Squatina angelus DUMERIL 1806 = Squalus squatina<br />
LINN. 1758. Bigelow & Schroeder (1948) consider that as Dumeril included no spp. his name could not be applied. Later<br />
authors have used Dumeril 1806.<br />
Squatina RISSO 1810, type Squatina vulgaris RISSO 1810 = Squalus squatina<br />
LINNAEUS<br />
Rhina CUV. 1817, admissible, but preoccupied by Bloch & Schneider.<br />
Squalraia DE LA PYLAIE 1835<br />
Fossil:-<br />
Thaumas MUNSTER 1842 (preocc.), type T.alifer MUNSTER 1842<br />
Phorcynis THIOLLIERE 1864, type P. catulina THIOLLIERE 1864<br />
Scaldia LE HON 1871 ( preocc.), type S. biforis LE HON 1871,<br />
Trigonodus WINKLER 1876 preocc.), type T. primus WINKLER 1876<br />
S. SQUATINA (Linnaeus) 1758 European Angel Shark; Monkfish<br />
Rhine ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Squatina PLINY Natural History IX 14<br />
24
Squatina WOTTON 1552; BELON 1553.<br />
Squalus squatina LINNAEUS 1758 (Oceano Europaeo)<br />
Rhina SCHAEFFER 1760; KLEIN 1776; WALBAUM 1792 ( on KLEIN)<br />
( Inadmissible works )<br />
Monk or Angel Fish BROOKES 1763<br />
Angel fish (Squalus rondeletii) PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall , England)<br />
Angel fish (Squalus rondeletii) BORLASE 1776<br />
L'Ange BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Le squale ange LACEPEDE 1798<br />
? Squatina angelus A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806<br />
Squatina vulgaris RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France<br />
Squatina angelus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud)<br />
Squatina laevis CUVIER 1817 (new name for Squalus squatina LINNAEUS)<br />
? Squatina aculeata CUVIER 1817<br />
Squatina angelus BLAINVILLE 1825<br />
Squatina lewis COUCH 1825 ( lapsus for laevis )<br />
Squatina europaea SWAINSON 1839<br />
? Squalraia acephala DE LA PYLAIE 1835<br />
? Squalraia cervicata DE LA PYLAIE 1835<br />
Monk Fish COUCH 1865<br />
Range; North Sea to Mediterranean.<br />
S. DUMERIL ( LeSueur ) 1818 Sand Devil; Atlantic Angel Shark.<br />
Squatina dumeril LeSUEUR 1818 t/l; No loc.? New York<br />
Squatina dumerili DeKAY 1842 (New York)<br />
Range; Western Atlantic; S. New England to Florida. Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mex.;Jamaica.South to Brazil.<br />
S. ACULEATA Dumeril in Cuvier 1829 Sawback Angelshark<br />
? Squalus aculeata LINN. 1758<br />
Squatina aculeata DUMERIL in CUVIER 1829 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Marseilles, France<br />
? Squatina fimbriata MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Range; Med. & adjacent Atlantic.<br />
S. OCULATA Bonaparte 1840 Smoothback Angelshark<br />
Squatina oculata BONAPARTE 1840 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Italy.<br />
Range; Mediterranean. East Atlantic, Morocco to Algeria.<br />
S. JAPONICA Bleeker 1858 Japanese Angelshark<br />
Squatina vulgaris MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non RISSO )<br />
Squatina japonica BLEEKER 1858 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan<br />
Range; Japan; Korea.<br />
S. CALIFORNICA Ayres 1859 Easetern Pacific Angelshark<br />
Squatina californica AYRES 1859 t/l;San Francisco, California<br />
Rhina armata PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Iquique, Chile.<br />
Rhina philippii GARMAN 1913 t/l; Mejillones I., Peru.<br />
Range; S.E. Alaska to Chile<br />
S. AUSTRALIS Regan 1906 Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Australian Angelshark<br />
Rhina squatina McCOY 1879 (non LINN.)<br />
25
Squatina australis REGAN 1906 t/l; Port Jackson, N.S.W., Australia.<br />
Range; S.E. to S.W.Australia.<br />
FC 00 024001<br />
S. NEBULOSA Regan 1906 Clouded Angelshark<br />
Squatina nebulosa REGAN 1906 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range;Japan.<br />
S. AFRICANA Regan 1908 South African Angelshark<br />
Squatina africana REGAN 1908 t/l; Durban Bay, Natal.<br />
Range; Off Natal, S. Africa.<br />
S. TERGOCELLATA McCulloch 1914 Australian Ornate Angelshark<br />
Squatina tergocellata McCULOCH 1914 t/l; Great Australian Bight in 160-200 fthms.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Australia<br />
FC 00 O24002<br />
S. ARGENTINA (Marini) 1930 Argentine Angelshark<br />
Rhina argentina MARINI 1930 t/l; N. Argentina<br />
Squatina punctata MARINI 1936 t/l; Argentina<br />
Range; Argentina to Uruguay.<br />
S. GUGGENHEIM Marini 1936 Angular Angelshark<br />
Squatina guggenheim MARINI 1936 t/l; Argentina<br />
Range; Argentina.<br />
S. TERGOCELLATOIDES Chen 1963 Taiwan Ocellated Angelshark<br />
Squatina tergocellatoides CHEN 1963 t/l; Taiwan<br />
Range;Taiwan. Known only from single specimen.<br />
S. FORMOSA Shen & Ting 1972 Taiwan Angelshark<br />
Squatina formosa SHEN & TING 1972 t/l; Taiwan<br />
Range;Taiwan. Known only from single specimen.<br />
S. OCCULTA Vooren & De Silva 1991 Hidden Angelshark<br />
Squatina occulta VOOREN & DE SILVA 1991 t/l; Azores<br />
Range; Azores<br />
Squatina sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Eastern Angelshark<br />
Squatina sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;Outer shelf & Upper Slope from Cairns, Queensland to Victoria, Aus.<br />
FC 00 024004<br />
Squatina sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Western Angelshark<br />
Squatina sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;Outer shelf & Upper Slope from Broome to Shark Bay, W. Australia.<br />
FC 00 024005<br />
Squatina sp. APPLEGATE Cortez Angelshark<br />
Range; Sea <strong>of</strong> Cortez (Gulf <strong>of</strong> California)<br />
ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES<br />
(Carpet Sharks; Wobbegongs; Bamboosharks; Nurse Sharks & allies)<br />
Family PARASCYLLIIDAE<br />
26
Genus PARASCYLLIUM Gill 1862<br />
Parascyllium GILL 1862,type Hemiscyllium variolatum DUMERIL 1853<br />
Parascyllium (Neoparascyllium) WHITLEY 1939, type Parascyllium multimaculatum SCOTT 1934<br />
P. VARIOLATUM (Dumeril) 1853 Necklace Carpetshark<br />
Hemiscyllium variolatum DUMERIL 1853 t/l; Tasmania.<br />
Parascyllium nuchalis McCOY 1874 t/l; Port Phillip, Victoria.<br />
Parascyllium nuchale MACLEAY 1881<br />
Range;Victoria; Tasmania; South and Southwest Australia.<br />
FC 00 013004<br />
P. COLLARE Ramsay & Ogilby 1888 Collared Carpetshark<br />
Parascyllium collare RAMSAY & OGILBY 1888 t/l; Port Jackson. N.S.W. in deep water.<br />
Range;N.S.W.,Victoria;Tasmania.<br />
FC 00 013002<br />
P. FERRIGINEUM McCulloch 1911 Rusty Carpetshark<br />
Parascyllium ferrugineum McCULLOCH 1911 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Port Phillip, Victoria.<br />
Parascyllium multimaculatum SCOTT 1934 t/l; North Tasmania.<br />
Range; Victoria, Aus.<br />
FC 00 013005<br />
Parascyllium sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Ginger Carpetshark<br />
Range; Southwest Australia.<br />
FC 00 013018<br />
Genus CIRRHOSCYLLIUM Smith & Radcliffe 1913<br />
Cirrhoscyllium SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913, type Cirrhoscyllium expolitum SMITH &<br />
RADCLIFFE 1913<br />
Zev WHITLEY 1927 (Proposed as a replacement for Cirrhoscyllium SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913,<br />
believed preoccupied by Cirriscyllium Ogilby 1908, substitution not required )<br />
C. EXPOLITUM Smith & Radcliffe 1913 Barbelthroat Carpetshark<br />
Cirrhoscyllium expolitum SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913 t/l; 21 33 N., 118 13 E.,in 100 fthms.(China<br />
Sea between north Luzon and China)<br />
Range; China Sea between north Luzon and China<br />
C. JAPONICUM Kamohara 1943 Saddled Carpetshark<br />
Cirrhoscyllium japonicum KAMOHARA 1943 t/l; Mimase, Japan.<br />
Range;Japan.<br />
C. FORMOSANUM Teng 1959 Taiwan Saddled Carpetshark<br />
Cirrhoscyllium formosanum TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan.<br />
Range;Taiwan.<br />
Family BRACHAELURIDAE<br />
(Blindsharks)<br />
Genus BRACHAELURUS Ogilby1907<br />
Brachaelurus OGILBY 1907, type Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER 1871 = Squalus waddi<br />
BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801<br />
Cirriscyllium OGILBY 1908, type Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER 1871 = Squalus waddi<br />
BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801<br />
Heteroscyllium REGAN 1908, type Brachaelurus colcloughi OGILBY 1908<br />
Brachaelurus was proposed in 1907 by Ogilby for Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER ( = Squalus<br />
waddi ). He later (1908) transferred his new species, colcloughi to Brachaelurus and proposed<br />
27
Cirriscyllium for modestum.<br />
Cirriscyllium OGILBY 1908 is thus a junior synonym <strong>of</strong> Brachaelurus OGILBY 1907. Regan in<br />
1908 proposed Heteroscyllium for <strong>the</strong> species colcloughi .<br />
Cirriscyllium OGILBY does not preoccupy Cirrhoscyllium SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1913 for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
species expolitum, thus Whitley's Zev 1927 is an unnecessary substitution.<br />
B. WADDI (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Blind Carpetshark<br />
Squalus waddi BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; New Holland ( near Sydney )<br />
Chiloscyllium modestum GUNTHER 1871 t/l; Queensland<br />
Chiloscyllium furvum RAMSAY & MACLEAY 1880 t/l; Port Jackson, N.S.W.<br />
Chiloscyllium fuscum PARKER & HASWELL 1897 (No loc.)<br />
Range;N.S.W., Queensland, Aus.<br />
FC 00 013007<br />
B. COLCLOUGHI Ogilby 1908 Bluegrey Carpetshark<br />
Brachaelurus colcloughi OGILBY 1908 t/l; Mud Island, Moreton Bay,Queensland<br />
Range; Queensland<br />
FC 00 013013<br />
Dingerkus (1986) synonymizes colcloughi with waddi.Compagno is inclined to seperate <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
Family ORECTOLOBIDAE<br />
(Wobbegongs; Carpet Sharks)<br />
Genus ORECTOLOBUS Bonaparte 1834<br />
Orectolobus BONAPARTE 1834, type Squalus barbatus GMELIN 1789 ( = Squalus maculatus<br />
BONNATERRE 1788)<br />
Chrossorhinus A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus lobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 ( = Squalus<br />
maculatus BONNATERRE 1788)<br />
Crossorhinus MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus barbatus GMELIN 1789<br />
( = Squalus maculatus BONNATERRE 1788)<br />
O. MACULATUS (Bonnaterre) 1788 Spotted Wobbegong; Spotted Carpetshark<br />
Le Barbu BROUSSONET 1780 (New Holland) Memoir sur les differentes Especes de Chiens de<br />
Mer.<br />
Squalus maculatus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; "La mer du sud"<br />
Squalus barbatus GMELIN 1789 t/l; New Holland ( = Sydney, N.S.W.)<br />
Watt's Shark PHILLIP 1789 ( Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, N.S.W. )<br />
Le squale barbu LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Squalus lobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; New Holland (on Watt's Shark PHILLIP 1789)<br />
28
Squalus appendiculatus SHAW & NODDER 1806 (on Watt's Shark PHILLIP 1789)<br />
? Squalus labiatus BLEEKER 1857 (n. nud. )<br />
Range; Queensland south to west Australia.<br />
FC 00 013003<br />
O. ORNATUS (De VIS ) 1883 Ornate Wobbegong<br />
O. ornatus ornatus (DE VIS) 1883<br />
Crossorhinus ornatus DE VIS 1883 t/l;Queensland<br />
Orectolobus devisi OGILBY 1916 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland<br />
Range; Queensland south to south Australia.<br />
O. ornatus halei WHITLEY 1940<br />
Orectolobus ornatus halei WHITLEY 1940 t/l; South Australia<br />
Range; South Australia<br />
FC 00 013001 (Whole species)<br />
O. JAPONICUS (Regan 1906 Japanese Wobbegong<br />
Crossorhinus barbatus MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non GMELIN) (Japan)<br />
Crossorhinus lobatus MULLER & HENLE 1841 (non BLOCH & SCHNEIDER) (Japan)<br />
Orectolobus japonicus REGAN 1906 t/l; Japan.<br />
? Squalus labiatus BLEEKER 1857 (n. nud.) (Japan)<br />
Range; Japan; China; Philippines.<br />
O. WARDI Whitley 1939 Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Wobbegong<br />
Orectolobus wardi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Cape Keith, Melville I., North Austrlia.<br />
Range;North Austrlia.<br />
FC 00 013017<br />
Orectolobus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Western Wobbegong<br />
Orectolobus sp. HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986 t/l; Coastal Western Australia<br />
FC 00 013016<br />
Genus EUCROSSORHINUS Regan 1908<br />
Eucrossorhinus REGAN 1908, type Crossorhinus dasypogon BLEEKER 1867<br />
E. DASYPOGON (Bleeker ) 1867 Tasselled Wobbegong<br />
Crossorhinus dasypogon BLEEKER 1867 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Waigiu I.,Indonesia.<br />
Orectolobus ogilbyi REGAN 1909 t/l; Torres Strait, between Australia & New Guinea.<br />
Range;Indonesia.<br />
FC 00 013011<br />
Genus SUTORECTUS Whitley 1939<br />
Sutorectus WHITLEY 1939, type Crossorhinus tentaculatus PETERS 1864<br />
S. TENTACULATUS (Peters) 1864 Cobbler Wobbegong; Cobbler Carpetshark<br />
Crossorhinus tentaculatus PETERS 1864 t/l; Adelaide, South Australia.<br />
Range;Queensland; South Australia.<br />
FC 00 013012<br />
Family HEMISCYLLIIDAE<br />
(Bamboo Sharks)<br />
Genus HEMISCYLLIUM Mueller & Henle in A. Smith 1837<br />
Hemiscyllium MULLER & HENLE in A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus ocellatus BONNATERRE<br />
1788<br />
29
H. OCELLATUM (Bonnaterre) 1788 Epaulette Shark ; "Itar"<br />
L' Oeille BROUSSONET 1780 (New Holland)<br />
Squalus ocellatus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; "La mer du Sud" ( On L' Oeille BROUSSONET 1780)<br />
Squalus oculatus GRAY 1827 (Australia)<br />
Range; New Guinea and N.W.Australia to N.S.W.,Australia .?Melanesia.<br />
FC 00 013014<br />
H. FREYCINETI (Cuvier in Quoy & Gaimard) 1824 Indonesian Speckled Carpetshark<br />
Scyllium freycineti CUVIER in QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Waigiu,Indonesia<br />
Scyllium malaisianus LESSON 1824<br />
Scyllium melaisianum LESSON 1830 t/l; Waigiu,Indonesia<br />
Chiloscyllium malaianum MULLER & HENLE 1839<br />
Scyllium malaisianum GUNTHER 1870<br />
? Hemiscyllium malayanum BLEEKER 1854-55 t/l; Batjan and Amboina, Moluccas.<br />
Range;New Guinea and nearby islands.<br />
H. TRISPECULARE Richardson 1843 Speckled Carpetshark<br />
Hemiscyllium trispeculare RICHARDSON 1843 t/l; Turtle I., Gulf <strong>of</strong> Carpentaria, Aus.<br />
Hemiscyllium tricuspidare ANON. (lapsus)<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia;Queensland;? Celebes,Indonesia.<br />
FC 00 013015<br />
H. HALLSTROMI Whitley 1967 Papuan Epaulette Shark<br />
Hemiscyllium hallstromi WHITLEY 1967 t/l; Papua New Guinea.<br />
Range; Papua New Guinea.<br />
H. STRAHANI Whitley 1967 Hooded Carpetshark<br />
Hemiscyllium strahani WHITLEY 1967 t/l; New Guinea.<br />
Range; New Guinea.<br />
Genus CHILOSCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1837<br />
(Bamboo Sharks)<br />
Chiloscyllium MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Scyllium plagiosum BENNETT 1830<br />
Synchismus GILL 1862, type Squalus tuberculatus BLOCH &SCHNEIDER 1801 = Squalus indicus<br />
GMELIN 1789<br />
Chiloscyllium valid as a subgenus for plagiosum; griseum; punctatum<br />
Synchismus valid as a subgenus for indicum.<br />
C. INDICUM (Gmelin) 1789 Ridgeback Catshark; Slender Bambooshark<br />
Squalus sp. GRONOV. 1754<br />
? Squalus colax MEUSCHEN 1781 Index Gronow's Zoophylacium,Pisces 1781 (Name unavailable)<br />
Squalus indicus GMELIN 1789 t/l; Indian Ocean<br />
Le Squale dentele LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Le Squale gronovien LACEPEDE 1798 (Les mers de l'Inde)<br />
Squalus tuberculatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Le Squale dentele LACEPEDE 1798)<br />
Squalus gronovianus SHAW 1804 (on Le Squale gronovien LACEPEDE 1798) Indian Seas.<br />
? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) variegatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) dentatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) lambarda BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
Chiloscyllium phymatodes BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Samarang, Indonesia.<br />
Squalus caudatus GRAY 1854 ( "In mari indico")<br />
30
Chiloscyllium indicim var. [delta, epsilon, zeta] GUNTHER 1870<br />
Chiloscyllium (Synchismus) colax WHITLEY 1934<br />
Range; Red Sea south to South Africa and east to Taiwan,Philippines and Melanesia.<br />
C. PLAGIOSUM (Bennett) 1830 Spotted Bambooshark<br />
C. plagiosum plagiosum (BENNETT) 1830 Whitespotted Bambooshark<br />
Scyllium plagiosum BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra<br />
Scyllium ornatum GRAY 1832<br />
Chiloscyllium plagiosum var. interruptum BLEEKER 1852<br />
Chiloscyllium indicum var. obscura GUNTHER 1870 (part, non GRAY 1851) (India;Cape Seas;<br />
Ceylon;China)<br />
Range; India to Indonesia; Japan; Philippines.<br />
C. plagiosum caeruleopunctatum PELLEGRIN 1914 Bluespotted Bambooshark<br />
Chiloscyllium caeruleopunctatum PELLEGRIN 1914 t/l; Fort Dauphin, Madagascar.<br />
Range; Madagascar.<br />
Species Range; India to Indonesia; Japan; Philippines; Madagascar.<br />
C. GRISEUM Mueller & Henle 1841 Grey Bambooshark<br />
? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) unicolor BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.)<br />
? Scyllium griseum VAN HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) t/l; Java<br />
Chiloscyllium griseum MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Japan (text only)<br />
Chiloscyllium obscurum GRAY 1851 (n. nud.) t/l; Moluccas.<br />
Range; Red Sea to South Africa and east to China and Japan.<br />
C. PUNCTATUM Mueller & Henle 1841 Brownbanded Bambooshark<br />
? Bokee sorrah RUSSELL 1803 t/l;Vizagapatam, India<br />
? Ra sorrah RUSSELL 1803 t/l;Vizagapatam, India<br />
? Squalus (Scyliorhinus) russellianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
? Scyllium punctatum VAN HASSELT 1823 ( n. nud.)<br />
Chiloscyllium punctatum MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Java<br />
Chiloscyllium griseum MULLER & HENLE 1841 (plate only)<br />
Chiloscyllium margaritiferum BLEEKER 1854 t/l; Obi I.,Indonesia.<br />
(Dingerkus & DeFino 1983 make margaritiferum BLEEKER 1854 a synonym <strong>of</strong> plagiosum.<br />
Range; East coast <strong>of</strong> India; S. Japan;China to Java; Philippines; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New Guinea and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Australia to Queensland.<br />
FC 00 013008<br />
C. HASSELTI Bleeker 1852 Indonesian Bambooshark<br />
Chiloscyllium hasseltii BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java<br />
Range; Indonesia.<br />
C. ARABICUM Gubanov 1980 Arabian Carpetshark<br />
Chiloscyllium arabicum GUBANOV 1980 t/l; Persian Gulf<br />
Chiloscyllium confusum DINGERKUS & DeFINO 1983 t/l; Arabian Sea.<br />
Range; Persian Gulf ; Arabian Sea.<br />
C. BURMENSIS Dingerkus & DeFino 1983 Burmese Bambooshark<br />
Chiloscyllium burmensis DINGERKUS & DeFINO 1983 t/l; Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal.<br />
Range;Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal.<br />
C. DOLGANOVI Kharin 1987 Vietnam Bambooshark<br />
Chiloscyllium dolganovi KHARIN 1983 t/l; Vietnam.<br />
Range; Vietnam.<br />
Family GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE<br />
Genus GINGLYMOSTOMA Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
31
Squalus BONNATERRE 1788 (part) ( non LINN.)<br />
Scyllium GRIFFITH in CUVIER 1834 (part) for Scyllium cirrhosum GRIFFITH = Squalus cirratus<br />
BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Ginglymostoma MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus cirratus BONNATERRE 1788 by<br />
subsequent designation.<br />
Plicodus WINKLER 1874, type Plicodus thielensis WINKLER 1874 (fossil)<br />
Acrodobatis (lapsus) LEIDY 1877, type Acrodobatis serra LEIDY 1877 (fossil)<br />
Acrodontobatis LEIDY 1877 (correction by author, <strong>the</strong> latter name intended) type Acrodontobatis<br />
serra LEIDY 1877 (fossil)<br />
G. CIRRATUM (Bonnaterre) 1788 Atlantic Nurse Shark<br />
Chien de mer barbillon BROUESSONET 1780<br />
Gata PARRA 1777 (Cuba)<br />
Squalus cirratus BONNATERRE 1788 "American Seas"<br />
Squale barbillon LACEPEDE 1798 (Pacific America)<br />
Squalus punctulatus LACEPEDE 1800 t/l; Cayenne<br />
Squalus punctatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801<br />
Scyllium cirrhosum GRIFFITH in CUVIER 1834<br />
Squalus argus BANCROFT 1835 t/l; West Indies.<br />
Ginglymostoma fulvum POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba<br />
Ginglymostoma caboverdianus CAPELLO 1867 t/l; Cape Verde Is.<br />
Range; Tropical Atlantic from Carolina to S.Brazil and <strong>of</strong>f tropical West Africa.<br />
In Eastern Pacific,California to Ecuador.<br />
Genus NEBRIUS Ruppell 1835<br />
Nebrius RUPPELL 1835, type Nebrius concolor RUPPELL = Scyllium ferrugineum LESSON<br />
Nebrodes GARMAN 1913 ( substitute name for Nebrius RUPPELL, under <strong>the</strong> impression that <strong>the</strong><br />
former was preoccupied by Nebria LATREILLE 1802 [Insecta] and Nebris CUVIER &<br />
VALENCIENNES 1830 [Osteichthyes] but this is not so), type Nebrius concolor RUPPELL<br />
N. FERRUGINEUS (Lesson) 1830 Tawny Nurse Shark<br />
Scyllium ferrugineum LESSON 1830 t/l; Port Praslin, New Ireland. Offach Bay,Waigiu.<br />
Nebrius concolor RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Massaua, Red Sea.<br />
Ginglymostoma ruppellii BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Singapore<br />
Ginglymostoma muelleri GUNTHER 1870 t/l; India<br />
Scymnus porosus KLUNZINGER 1871 in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l;Red Sea.<br />
Nebrodes macrurus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Port Louis Harbour, Mauritius.<br />
Nebrodes concolor ogilbyi WHITLEY 1934 t/l; Darnley I., Queensland<br />
Nebrius doldi J.L.B. SMITH 1953 t/l; Aldabra I., Western Indian Ocean.<br />
Range;Red Sea to South Africa east to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan and south to Queensland, Melanesia,<br />
Polynesia.<br />
FC 00 013010<br />
32
Genus PSEUDOGINGLYMOSTOMA Dingerkus 1986<br />
Pseudoginglymostoma DINGERKUS 1986, type Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum GUNTHER in<br />
PLAYFAIR & GUNTHER 1866<br />
P. BREVICAUDATUM (Gun<strong>the</strong>r ) 1866 Shorttail Nurse Shark<br />
Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum GUNTHER in PLAYFAIR & GUNTHER 1866<br />
t/l; Zanzibar.<br />
Range; Zanzibar; Seychelles.<br />
Family STEGOSTOMATIIDAE<br />
Genus STEGOSTOMA Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Stegostoma MULLER & HENLE 1837 type; Squalus fasciatus HERMANN 1783<br />
S. FASCIATA (Hermann ) 1783 Zebra Shark; Leopard Shark<br />
Squalus sp. GRONOV. 1754<br />
Squalus varius SEBA 1758 Thesauri vol. 3,p. 105. No locality. (Inadmissible work)<br />
Squalus tigrinus PENNANT 1764 (Inadmissible work) t/l; Indian Ocean<br />
Le tigre BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Squalus tigrinus FORSTER 1781<br />
Squalus fasciatus HERMANN 1783 (on SEBA 1758)<br />
Squalus tygrinus BONN. 1788 "La Mer des Indes" (on BROUSSONET 1780)<br />
Squalus tigrinus GMELIN 1789<br />
Squalus longicaudus GMELIN 1789 (on SEBA 1758 and GRONOV. 1763) No locality.<br />
Squalus maculatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (non BONNATERRE 1788) t/l; "Oceano<br />
orientale"<br />
Pollee Makum RUSSELL 1803<br />
Scyllium quinquecarinatum VAN HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java<br />
Scyllium heptagonum RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Djedda, Red Sea<br />
Stegostoma carinatum BLYTH 1847 (India)<br />
Squalus pan<strong>the</strong>rinus KUHL & VAN HASSELT 1823 in BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonomy)<br />
Squalus cirrosus GRAY 1854<br />
Stegostoma varium GARMAN 1913 (East Africa)<br />
Stegostoma tigrinum naucum WHITLEY 1939 (Eastern Australia)<br />
Range; Red Sea south to Madagascar and east to Philippines,Japan and N.S.W., Australia. New<br />
Caledonia.<br />
FC 00 013006<br />
Family RHINCODONTIDAE<br />
Genus RHINCODON A. Smith 1829<br />
Rhincodon A. SMITH 1829, type Rhincodon typus A. SMITH 1829<br />
Rineodon MULLER & HENLE 1838 (variant spelling)<br />
Rhineodon SWAINSON 1839 (variant spelling)<br />
Rhiniodon SWAINSON 1839 (variant spelling)<br />
Rhinodon MULLER & HENLE 1841 (variant spelling)<br />
Rhineodon GRAY 1857 (variant spelling)<br />
Micristodus GILL 1865, type Micristodus punctatus GILL 1865<br />
R. TYPUS A. Smith `1829 Whale Shark<br />
Rhincodon typus A. SMITH 1829 t/l; Table Bay, South Africa.<br />
Rhinodon typicus MULLER & HENLE 1841<br />
Micristodus punctatus GILL 1865 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Rhinodon pentalineatus KISHINOUYE 1891 t/l; Cape Inul, Japan.<br />
Range;Worldwide in tropical & subtropical surface waters.<br />
33
FC 00 014001<br />
Order LAMNIFORMES<br />
Family ODONTASPIDAE<br />
Genus ODONTASPIS Agassiz 1838<br />
Odontaspis AGASSIZ 1835 (1838), type Carcharias ferox RISSO 1826 = Squalus ferox RISSO 1810<br />
Triglochis MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus ferox RISSO 1810<br />
Oxytes GIEBEL 1848, type Oxytes obliqua GIEBEL 1848 (fossil)<br />
ICZN Opinion no. 1459 repealed opinion 733,which had reinstated Carcharias RAF 1810<br />
(suppressed 1965) as valid and having priority over Odontaspis AGASSIZ 1838, where <strong>the</strong> two are<br />
considered synonymous.<br />
O. FEROX (Risso)1810 Bumpy-tailed Sandtiger; Smalltooth Sandtiger<br />
Squalus ferox RISSO 1810 t/l;Nice, France.<br />
Odontaspis herbsti WHITLEY 1950 t/l; Gabo I.,N.S.W.,Australia<br />
Range; Med. & adj. Atlantic;Australia;N.Z.;Hawaii; S.California;Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.; Natal; S.Japan;<br />
N.Madagascar.<br />
FC 00 008003<br />
O. NORONHAI (Maul) 1955 Bigeye Sandtiger<br />
Carcharias noronhai MAUL 1955 t/l; Camara de Lobos,Madeira.<br />
Range;Madeira deep water. S. Brazil. North <strong>of</strong> Madagascar.<br />
Genus EUGOMPHODUS Gill 1862<br />
Carcharias RAFINESQUE 1810, type Carcharias taurus RAF. 1810<br />
Eugomphodus GILL 1862, type Eugomphodus griseus GILL 1862 = Carcharias griseus STORER<br />
1846 = Squalus littoralis MITCHILL ( = Carcharias taurus RAFINESQUE. )<br />
Synodontaspis WHITE 1931, type Carcharias taurus RAF. 1810<br />
Parodontaspis WHITE 1931, type Odontaspis platensis LAHILLE 1928<br />
E. TAURUS (Rafinesque) 1810 Ragged-tooth Sandtiger; Grey Nurse (Aus.); Spotted<br />
Ragged-tooth; Spotted Sandtiger<br />
Carcharias taurus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus americanus MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York.<br />
Squalus littoralis LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; New York.<br />
Squalus macrodus MITCHILL 1817 t/l; New York.<br />
Carcharias griseus AYRES 1842 t/l; Long Island<br />
? Odontaspis cinerea RAMSAY & MACLEAY 1880 (n.nud.) t/l; Pt. Jackson,Australia.<br />
Lamna ecarinata HILGENDORF in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Alexandria, Egypt.<br />
34
Carcharias arenarius OGILBY 1911 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland.<br />
Carcharias owstoni GARMAN 1913 t/l; Japan.<br />
? Squalus lixa LARRANAGA 1923<br />
Odontaspis platensis LAHILLE 1928 t/l; Argentina.<br />
Range; Both sides <strong>of</strong> Atlantic; Red Sea to East Indies, Japan and Australia.<br />
FC 00 008001<br />
E. TRICUSPIDATUS (Day) 1878 Indian Sandtiger ; "Blue Nurse"<br />
Carcharias tricuspidatus DAY 1878 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan.<br />
Carcharias cuspidatus OGILBY 1888 (lapsus) t/l; NSW.,Aus.<br />
Range; India. Known only from type,now lost. May be syn. <strong>of</strong> taurus.<br />
Fossil from Middle Eocene, India.<br />
Family PSEUDOCARCHARIIDAE<br />
Genus PSEUDOCARCHARIAS Cadenat 1963<br />
Pseudocarcharias CADENAT 1963, type Carcharias kamoharai MATSUBARA 1936.<br />
P. KAMOHARAI (Matsubara) 1936 Crocodile Shark; Offshore Sandshark<br />
Carcharias kamoharai MATSUBARA 1936 t/l; Koti fish market, Japan.<br />
Carcharias yangi TENG 1959 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Su-ao, Taiwan.<br />
Carcharias (Pseudocarcharias) pelagicus CADENAT 1963 t/l; Guinea Coast<br />
Range;East China Sea. Japan. Guinea.<br />
FC 00 009003<br />
Family MITSUKURINIDAE<br />
Genus MITSUKURINA Jordan 1898<br />
Rhinognathus DAVIS 1887 (Preoccupied), type Rhinognathus lewisii DAVIS 1887 (Fossil)<br />
Scapanorhynchus WOODWARD 1889 (replacement name for Rhinognathus DAVIS 1887)<br />
Mitsukurina JORDAN 1898, type Mitsukurina owstoni JORDAN 1898<br />
M. OWSTONI Jordan 1898 Goblin Shark;Ghost Shark.<br />
Mitsukurina owstoni JORDAN 1898 t/l; Misaki, Japan.<br />
Odontaspis nasutus DE BRAGANZA 1904 t/l; Portugal<br />
Scapanorhynchus jordani HUSSAKOF 1909 t/l; Japan<br />
Scapanorhynchus d<strong>of</strong>leinii ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Japan.<br />
Scapanorhynchus mitsukurii WHITE 1937 (error for owstonii )<br />
Range; Japan; East & West Atlantic; East Africa; South Australia.<br />
FC 00 009002<br />
Family LAMNIDAE<br />
Genus CARCHARODON A. Smith 1838<br />
Squalus LINN. 1758 (part) for Squalus carcharias LINN. 1758<br />
Cynocephalus SCHAEFFER 1760 (inadmissible work), (not KLEIN 1742;1776), type Squalus<br />
carcharias LINN. 1758<br />
Carcharias CLOQUET 1817 (part) (non RAF. 1810 )<br />
Carcharodon* A. SMITH 1838, type Carcharias lamia RAF. 1810 = Squalus carcharias LINN. (type<br />
by monotypy) (See ICZN. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 1965)<br />
NOT Carcharodon AGASSIZ 1838, type C. smithii AGASSIZ = n. nud.<br />
NOT Carcharodon AGASSIZ 1838, type C. verus CLOQUET 1822, preoccupied by BLAINVILLE.<br />
Carcharocles JORDAN 1923, type Carcharias auriculatus BLAINVILLE (Fossil)<br />
Carcharhinus WHITLEY 1934 ( non BLAINVILLE 1816 )<br />
* The name Carcharodon for <strong>the</strong> Great White Shark, was proposed by Mueller & Henle in 1838 with<br />
a diagnosis but without mention <strong>of</strong> a particular species. A type species was designated later <strong>the</strong> same<br />
35
year by Agassiz as Carcharodon smithii,but this is a nomen nudum not used by M.& H., so<br />
Carcharodon must be credited to Agassiz with <strong>the</strong> type Carcharodon verus AGASSIZ 1838<br />
(="Carcharias"<strong>of</strong> Agassiz 1835 illustration).The specific name verus dates from CLOQUET 1817-<br />
22, it's use not being precluded by Blainville 1816, as <strong>the</strong> latter is a nomen nudum and <strong>the</strong>refore has<br />
no standing.In 1965, <strong>the</strong> ICZN ruled that Carcharodon should date from A.Smith 1838, who<br />
designated Carcharias lamia RAF. 1810 <strong>the</strong> type, proposed as a substitute for Squalus carcharias<br />
LINN., and <strong>the</strong>refore type by monotypy.<br />
C. CARCHARIAS (Linn.) 1758 Great White Shark; White Pointer<br />
Kharkharias ATHENAEUS AD 200<br />
Lamia RONDELET 1554<br />
Canis marinus GESNER 1558<br />
Canis carcharias ALDROVANDI 1613<br />
Squalus no. 14 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Squalus carcharias LINNAEUS 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo"<br />
White Shark BROOKES 1763<br />
Cane carcharia CETTI 1777 t/l; Sardinia<br />
Carcharias lamia RAFINESQUE 1810 (subst. for Squalus carcharias<br />
LINNAEUS) t/l; Sicily<br />
Carcharias lamia RISSO 1810 (part) t/l;Nice, France.<br />
Carcharias verus CLOQUET 1822 Mediterranean (non BLAINVILLE 1816)<br />
Carcharias rondeletii ST. VINCENT 1829 (Mediterranean)<br />
Carcharias sp. AGASSIZ 1835 ( illus.)<br />
Squalus (Carcharias) vulgaris RICHARDSON 1836 (America)<br />
Carcharodon capensis A. SMITH 1837 t/l; S. Africa<br />
Carcharodon smithii AGASSIZ 1838 (n. nud); BONAPARTE 1839<br />
Carcharodon lamia BONAPARTE 1839<br />
Carcharodon sp. OWEN 1845<br />
Carcharias atwoodi STORER 1848 t/l; Provincetown, Mass.<br />
? Carcharias vorax OWEN 1853<br />
Carcharias maso NORRIS 1898 (non maou LESSON 1830)<br />
White Pointer STEAD 1933<br />
Carcharodon albimors WHITLEY 1939 (Australia)<br />
Great White Shark KEAN 1944<br />
NOT Squalus carcharias PALLAS 1831 (Kamchatka & Bering Sea) (? = Somniosus )<br />
Range; Mediterranean & adjacent Atlantic to English Channel & Cape Verde Is.;Gulf <strong>of</strong><br />
Guinea;Nova Scotia to N. Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico; Alaska to Baja California; Panama to Chile;Argentina and<br />
S. Brazil; Japan & East China;Philippines; Australia except tropical north;New Zealand;S. Africa;<br />
Hawaiian Is.; Micronesia;Cooler coastal waters.<br />
FC 00 010003<br />
Genus LAMNA Cuvier 1817<br />
Squalus (Lamna) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus cornubicus GMELIN 1789 = nasus BONN. 1788<br />
Lamia RISSO 1826 (non FABRICIUS 1775 in Insecta)<br />
Selanonius FLEMING 1828<br />
Exoles GISTEL 1848<br />
L. NASUS (Bonn.) 1788 Mackerel Shark; Porbeagle.<br />
Canis carcharias ALDROVANDI 1613 (non ROND. = Carcharodon)<br />
Porbeagle BORLASE 1758 t/l; Cornwall , England.<br />
Squalus glaucus GUNNER 1763 (non LINNAEUS) t/l; Norway (embryo)<br />
Beaumaris Shark PENNANT 1776 (N. Wales)<br />
Haaebrand ASCANIUS 1777<br />
Le Nez BROUSSONET 1780 (Cornwall, England.)<br />
36
Touille-Boeuf ou Loutre de mer DUHAMEL 1782<br />
Squalus nasus BONN. 1788 (ref. to PENNANT 1776) (Wales)<br />
Squalus cornubicus GMELIN 1789 (Cornwall, England)<br />
Squalus pennanti WALBAUM 1792 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Squale Long-nez LAC. 1798<br />
Squalus monensis SHAW 1804 (Anglesey, N.Wales)<br />
Squalus cornubiensis PENNANT 1812 (Cornwall,England)<br />
Squalus selanonus WALKER( in LEACH 1814)( Scotland)<br />
Lamie nez CLOQUET 1816-30<br />
Selanonius walkeri FLEMING 1828 t/l; Great Britain<br />
Lamna punctata STORER 1839 t/l; Massachusetts Bay<br />
Oxyrhina daekayi GILL 1861 (east coast USA)<br />
Isuropsis dekayi GILL 1871-2 (emendation)<br />
Lamna philippii PEREZ CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile<br />
Lamna sp. LAHILLE 1928 (Argentina)<br />
Lamna whitleyi PHILLIPPS 1935 t/l; Island Bay, New Zealand<br />
Range; Temperate waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> N. Atlantic; sou<strong>the</strong>rn S. America;S. Australia; New Zealand;S.<br />
Africa and cooler waters <strong>of</strong> S.W. Indian Ocean.<br />
FC 00 010004<br />
L. DITROPIS Hubbs & Follett 1947 Salmon Shark<br />
Lamna ditropis HUBBS & FOLLETT 1947 t/l; La Jolla, California.<br />
Range;North Pacific.<br />
Genus ISURUS Rafinesque 1810<br />
Isurus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Isurus oxyrinchus RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
Oxyrhina AGASSIZ 1835, type Lamna oxyrhina CUVIER in VALENC. (MSS) =<br />
oxyrinchus RAFINESQUE<br />
Oxyrrhina BONAPARTE 1846, type Oxyrhina gomphodon MULLER & HENLE<br />
Plectrostoma GISTEL 1848, to replace Oxyrhina AGASSIZ<br />
Isuropsis GILL 1862, type Oxyrhina glaucus MULLER & HENLE 1841<br />
Anatodus LE HON 1871, type A. agassizii Le HON (fossil)<br />
Lamiostoma GLIKMAN 1864<br />
I. OXYRINCHUS Raf. 1810 Shortfin Mako<br />
Cane di mare di Messina SPALLANZANI 1793<br />
37
Isurus oxyrinchus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Isurus spallanzani RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus (Lamna) cepedii LESSON 1830 (equatorial Atlantic)<br />
Lamna oxyrhina AGASSIZ 1838 in CUVIER & VALENCIENNES ms. (teeth); OWEN 1840<br />
Isurus oxyrynchus SWAINSON 1839 (emendation)<br />
Oxyrhina spallanzanii BONAPARTE 1839 t/l; Italy<br />
Oxyrrhina glauca BONAPARTE 1839 t/l; Italy<br />
Oxyrhina gomphodon MUELLER & HENLE 1841<br />
? Lamna latro OWEN 1853 (teeth)<br />
Isuropsis sp. GOODE 1877 (Bermuda)<br />
Lamna guen<strong>the</strong>ri MURRAY 1884 t/l; Karachi, India. (abnormal specimen with double <strong>the</strong> normal<br />
number <strong>of</strong> teeth.)<br />
Lamna huidobrii PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Santiago, Chile.<br />
Isurus oxyrhynchus JORDAN and EVERMANN 1895 (emendation)<br />
Isurus mako WHITLEY 1929 t/l;Pt. Jackson, NSW, Australia.<br />
Isurus bideni PHILLIPPS 1932 t/l; South Africa ( jaws and photo )<br />
Isursus tigris africanus J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; South Africa<br />
Range;Warm waters worldwide. Offshore pelagic.<br />
FC 00 010001<br />
I. PAUCUS Guitart - Monday 1966 Longfin Mako<br />
Lamna punctata DEKAY 1842 (non STORER 1839 = Squalus nasus BONN. 1788) t/l; New York<br />
? Carcharias tigris ATWOOD 1865 (Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico; Cape Cod)<br />
Isurus paucus GUITART-MANDAY 1966 t/l; ?Cuba<br />
Isurus alatus GARRICK 1967 t/l; Tropical Indian or Pacific Ocean<br />
?Lamiostoma belyaevi GLIKMAN 1964<br />
Range;Western North Atlantic; Tropical West Africa. Central Pacific.Madagascar.<br />
Family ALOPIIDAE<br />
(Thresher Sharks)<br />
Genus ALOPIAS Rafinesque 1810<br />
Vulpes PLINY, Natural History Libri IX 68<br />
Alopekias ATHENAEUS (AD 200)<br />
Simia BELON 1553<br />
Vulpecula SALVIANI 1554<br />
Vulpes RONDELET 1554<br />
Cercus J.CAIUS 1570<br />
Galeus KLEIN 1742<br />
38
Vulpecula VALMONT 1768, type Squalus vulpes GMELIN 1768 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Squalus BONN. 1788 (pt.) (non LINNAEUS), type Squalus vulpinus BONN. 1788<br />
Alopias RAFINESQUE 1810, type Alopias macrourus RAFINESQUE= Squalus<br />
vulpinus BONN. 1788<br />
Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810 (part)<br />
Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (pt.),included Squalus (Carcharhinus) vulpes<br />
BLAINVILLE = vulpinus BONN. 1788<br />
Alopecias MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Carcharias vulpes CUVIER<br />
1817 = Squalus vulpinus BONN. 1788<br />
Alopius SWAINSON 1838 (lapsus)<br />
Vulpecula GARMAN 1913, type Vulpecula marina VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible)<br />
Alopes VLADYKOV & McKENZIE 1939 (error) for Squalus vulpes GM.<br />
Possible synonym<br />
Thalassorhinus MULLER & HENLE 1839, type Thalassorhinus vulpecula MUELLER &<br />
HENLE 1839<br />
A. VULPINUS (Bonn.) 1788 Thresher Shark<br />
Vulpes marina PLINY Libri IX 68<br />
Alopekias ATHENAEUS AD. 200<br />
Simia BELON 1553<br />
Vulpecula SALVIANI 1554<br />
Vulpes RONDELET 1555<br />
Vulpecula marina GESNER 1558<br />
Cercus J.CAIUS 1570<br />
Vulpecula marina ALDROVANDI 1613<br />
Le Renard marin PERRAULT 1699<br />
39
Squalus no. 8 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Galeus cauda longa KLEIN 1742<br />
Sea Fox BORLASE 1758 (Cornwall, England)<br />
Squalus alopecias GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Vulpecula marina VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Renard marin DUHAMEL 1769-82<br />
Long-tailed shark PENNANT 1776 t/l; Great Britain<br />
Squalus vulpinus BONNATERRE 1788 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Squalus vulpes GM. 1789 (Mediterranean, Scotland, Cornwall)<br />
Squale renard LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Galeus vulpecula RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l;Sicily<br />
Alopias macrourus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l;Sicily<br />
? Galeus thalassinus VALENCIENNES in MULLER & HENLE 1835<br />
Alopias vulpis SWAINS. 1838-9 (lapsus)<br />
? Thalassorhinus vulpecula MULLER & HENLE 1839<br />
Squalus alopecias GRAY 1854 (on Gronov.)<br />
Alopecias barrae PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l;Chile<br />
? Alopecias longimana PHILIPPI 1887 (n. nud.)<br />
Alopecias chilensis PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile<br />
Alopecias longimana PHILIPPI 1901 t/l;Talcahuano Bay,Chile<br />
Vulpecula marina GARMAN 1913<br />
Alopias caudatus PHILIPPS 1932 t/l;New Zealand<br />
Alopias greyi WHITLEY 1937 t/l;New South Wales, Australia (Green Thresher, a colour variety)<br />
Range;Oceanic and coastal. Virtually cicumglobal in warm seas.<br />
FC 00 012001<br />
A. SUPERCILIOSUS (Lowe) 1840 Bigeye Thresher<br />
Alopecias superciliosus LOWE 1840 t/l; Madeira<br />
Alopias pr<strong>of</strong>undus NAKAMURA 1935 t/l; Taiwan ( foetus )<br />
Range; Western Med. & E. Atlantic south to S.W. Africa. Eastern USA.<br />
S.Japan & E. China ; Hawaii; N. & E. Australia.;N.Z.; W. Indian<br />
Ocean;S. Brazil.<br />
FC 00 012002<br />
A. PELAGICUS Nakamura 1935 Pelagic Thresher<br />
Alopias pelagicus NAKAMURA 1935 t/l; Taiwan ( foetus )<br />
Range;Japan; Taiwan;Hawaii; SW Pacific;Red Sea; Somalia; S. Africa.<br />
FC 00 012003<br />
ALOPIAS ? sp. 4<br />
Alopias sp. EITNER 1995 Systematics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Alopias with evidence for <strong>the</strong> existence <strong>of</strong> an<br />
unrecognized species. COPEIA 1995 (3)<br />
[ Probable new species <strong>of</strong> thresher shark]<br />
Family CETORHINIDAE<br />
Genus CETORHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
Squalus GUNNERUS 1765 (part) (non LINNAEUS) type; Squalus maximus GUNNERUS 1765<br />
Halsydrus NEIL 1809 (n. nud); FLEMING 1817; 1822; type; Halsydrus pontopiddani FLEMING<br />
1817.<br />
Tetraorcas RAFINESQUE 1810 type; Tetraorcas angiona RAF.1810<br />
Tetnorcas RAFINESQUE 1815 (error or emend.)<br />
Squalus (Cetorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type; Squalus ( Cetorhinus) gunneri BLAINV.<br />
40
1816,substitution for Squalus gunnerianus BLAINVILLE 1810 = Squalus maximus GUNNER.1765<br />
? Scoliophis ANON. 1817<br />
Squalus (Selache) CUVIER 1817 type; S. maximus CUVIER = Squalus maximus GUNN. 1765<br />
Selanche JAROCKI 1822 (error)<br />
Selachus MINDING 1832<br />
Ceteorhinus AGASSIZ 1846 (error)<br />
Polyprosopus COUCH 1867 type; P. macer COUCH 1867<br />
Hannovera BENEDEN 1871 type; H. aurata BENEDEN (fossil)<br />
Cethorhinus ESCRIBANO 1909 (error)<br />
Scapasaurus MARWICK 1942 (n. nud)<br />
C. MAXIMUS ( Gunner.) 1765 Basking Shark<br />
Squalus maximus GUNN 1765 t/1; Trondheim, Norway<br />
Basking Shark PENNANT 1769<br />
Le Tres Grand BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Squalus maxima BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Le Squale Tres Grand LACEPEDE 1798<br />
? Halsydrus pontopiddani FLEMING 1809 (n. nud);1817 t/l; Orkneys<br />
Squalus gunnerianus BLAINVILLE 1810<br />
Squalus homianus BLAINVILLE 1810<br />
Squalus pelegrinus BLAINVILLE 1810<br />
? Tetraorcas angiona RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus peregrinus BLAINVILLE 1811<br />
Squale pelerin BLAINVILLE 1811<br />
Squalus (Cetorhinus) gunneri BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Cetorhinus) shavianus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Scoliophis atlanticus ANON 1817<br />
Squalus selanonus LEACH 1818<br />
Squalus rostratus MACRI 1819( Mediterranean)<br />
Squalus isodus MACRI 1819 (Mediterranean)<br />
Squalus elephas LESUEUR 1822 (New Jersey)<br />
Squalus rhinoceros MITCHILL 1828 (New York)<br />
Squalus rashleighanus COUCH 1838 Cornwall (monstrosity)<br />
Squalus cetaceous GRAY 1854 (Norway)<br />
Polyprosopus macer COUCH 1867 (Plymouth) (monstrosity)<br />
Cetorhinus blainvillii BRITO CAPELLO 1870<br />
Hannovera aurata BENEDEN 1871 (fossil)<br />
Selachus pennanti CORNISH 1885<br />
Cetorhinus maccoyi BARRETT 1933<br />
Cetorhinus maximus forma infanuncula DEINSE & ADRIANI 1953<br />
Cetorhinus maximus normani SICCARDI 1961 t/l; S. Atlantic<br />
Basking Shark; Sunfish; Hoe-mo<strong>the</strong>r; Homer; Pelerin; Muldoan<br />
Range;N. Norway to Med.,Iceland west to E. Coast <strong>of</strong> USA, Alaska to Baja California;Ecuador to<br />
Chile and Argentina. S. Australia; New Zealand;Japan and East China.<br />
FC 00 011001<br />
Family MEGACHASMIDAE<br />
Genus MEGACHASMA Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker 1983<br />
M. PELAGIOS Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker 1983 Megamouth Shark<br />
Megachasma pelagios TAYLOR, COMPAGNO & STRUHSAKER 1983 t/l; Off Oahu, Hawaiian<br />
Is.,1975.<br />
Records; Oahu 1975; <strong>of</strong>f California (WOOD 1986); <strong>of</strong>f Western Australia (1988). 6 specimens now<br />
41
ecorded.<br />
FC 00 009001<br />
Order CARCHARHINIFORMES<br />
Family SCYLIORHINIDAE<br />
Subfamily SCYLIORHININAE<br />
Genus SCYLIORHINUS<br />
Genus PORODERMA<br />
Genus CEPHALOSCYLLIUM<br />
Subfamily GALEINAE<br />
Tribe GALEIN1<br />
Subtribe GALEINA<br />
Genus GALEUS<br />
Genus PARMATURUS<br />
Genus CEPHALURUS<br />
Subtribe HALAELURINA<br />
Genus HALAELURUS<br />
Genus HAPLOBLEPHARUS<br />
Genus HOLOHALAELURUS<br />
Genus ASYMBOLUS<br />
Tribe APRISTURINI<br />
Genus APRISTURUS<br />
Subfamily ATELOMYCTERINAE<br />
Genus ATELOMYCTERUS<br />
Genus AULOHALAELURUS<br />
Subfamily SCHROEDERICHTHYINAE<br />
Genus SCHROEDERICHTHYS<br />
Family SCYLIORHINIDAE<br />
(Catsharks)<br />
Scyliorhinidae Incertae sedis :-<br />
Genus CANINOA Nardo 1841<br />
Caninoa NARDO 1841, type Caninoa chiereghini NARDO 1841 (based on Squalus barbarus<br />
CHIERIGHINI undated manuscript)<br />
42
Caninotus NARDO 1844, emendation for Caninoa NARDO 1841<br />
Thalassoklephetes GISTEL 1848 (to replace Caninoa NARDO)<br />
C. CHIEREGHINI Nardo 1841<br />
Caninoa chiereghini NARDO 1841 on Squalus barbarus CHIEREGHINI (MS) t/l;Venice<br />
A dubious species for which Nardo erected a special subfamily Caninoini, but which has never been<br />
seen since and may have been a mutilated or malformed specimen with a single dorsal fin like<br />
Pentanchus.<br />
Subfamily SCYLIORHININAE<br />
Genus SCYLIORHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
Skyllion ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Scyllium THEODORE GAZA (1400-1475)<br />
Galeus BELON 1551<br />
Canicula RONDELET 1554<br />
Catulus GESNER 1558 type Catulus major GES. 1558<br />
Squalus LINN. 1758 (part), type Squalus canicula LINN. 1758<br />
Catulus VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work), type Catulus major vulgaris VALMONT 1768 =<br />
Squalus canicula LINN. Catulus is preoccupied by Kniph<strong>of</strong> 1759 (Insecta)<br />
Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810 (part), type Galeus caniculus RAF. 1819 = Squalus canicula LINN.<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus canicula LINN.<br />
Scyllium CUVIER 1817, type Squalus canicula LINN.<br />
Scylliorhinus BLAINVILLE 1825 (emendation)<br />
Catulus A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus canicula LINN.<br />
Scyllium (Alphascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926, type Squalus canicula LINN.<br />
Scyllium (Betascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926, type Squalus stellaris LINN.<br />
Leigh-Sharpe's names are " pseudogenera " (now reclassed as subgenera) used only within a special<br />
scheme for terminology <strong>of</strong> clasper glans morphology and not available as formal names within <strong>the</strong><br />
scheme <strong>of</strong> zoological classification (Jordan 1925).<br />
Scylliorhynchus NOBRE 1935 (error)<br />
FOSSIL<br />
Scylliodus AGASSIZ 1843 type S. antiquus AG.<br />
Thyallina AGASSIZ 1843 type T. angusta AG.<br />
Palaeoscyllium WAGNER 1857 type P. decheni MAREK<br />
Trigonodus WINKLER 1876 type T. primus WINKLER<br />
SQUALUS (SCYLIORHINUS) Blainville 1816 Nominae Nudae<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) myops BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) breviculus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) punctatus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) punctulatus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) unicolor BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) variegatus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) lambarda BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
May be Scyliorhinids or Orectolobiformes.<br />
S. CANICULUS (Linn.)1758 Lesser Spotted Dogfish; Rough Hound; Sandy Dog<br />
Galeus stellaris major BELON 1553<br />
Canicula aristotelis RONDELET 1554<br />
Catulus minor SALVIANI 1554<br />
Kleiner Hundfisch GESNER 1558<br />
Catulus major vulgaris RAY 1713<br />
43
Squalus sp. ARTEDI 1738<br />
Galeus capito rostroque brevissimus KLEIN 1744<br />
Squalus canicula LINN. 1758<br />
Catulus major vulgaris VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work) (part)<br />
Catulus stellaris major DUHAMEL 1769-82<br />
Petite Rousette DUHAMEL 1769-82<br />
Spotted Dogfish (male) PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall)<br />
Lesser Spotted Dogfish (female) PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall)<br />
Le squale rochier LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Galeus catulus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) elegans BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
Rough Hound COUCH 1867<br />
? Scyllium spinacipellitum VAILLANT 1888.( A doubtful synonym <strong>of</strong> caniculus according to<br />
Compagno (1988), but Seret (1990) made this a senior synonym <strong>of</strong> Scyliorhinus atlanticus<br />
KOEFFED 1927 (Apristurus) and proposed rejection <strong>of</strong> Vaillant's name in favour <strong>of</strong> Koeffed.)<br />
? Scyllium acutidens VAILLANT 1888<br />
Scyliorhinus canicula var. albomaculata PIETSCHMANN 1907 t/l; West Coast <strong>of</strong> Morocco.<br />
Catulus duhamelii GARMAN 1913 (Med.) Dwarf race.<br />
Lesser Spotted Dogfish;Small-Spotted Catshark;Rough Hound;Cur Fish; Daw<br />
Fish;Rowhound;Huss;Suss;Sea Nurse;Robin Huss;Morgay; Land Dog; Hondshaie; Kleiner<br />
Hundfisch; Petite Rousette.<br />
Range; Norway to Med. & to Black Sea,south to Senegal.<br />
S. STELLARIS (Linn.)1758 Larger Spotted Dogfish; Nursehound; Bull<br />
Huss; Grande Rousette; Bounce.<br />
Skyllion asterias ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Scyllium stellata THEODORE GAZA (1400-1475)<br />
Galeus stellaris minor BELON 1553<br />
Catulus major SALVIANI 1554<br />
Canicula saxatilis RONDELET 1554<br />
Grosser Hundfisch GESNER 1558<br />
Catulus maximus WILLUGHBY 1686<br />
Squalus stellaris LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo"<br />
Squalus catulus LINN. 1758<br />
Catulus major vulgaris VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work) (part)<br />
Catulus saxatilis VALMONT 1768 ( Inadmissible work)<br />
Le Chat Rochier DUHAMEL 1769-82; BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Greater Spotted Dogfish PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall)<br />
Le squale roussette LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Rock Shark SHAW 1804<br />
Scyllium stellare FLEMING 1828<br />
? Scyllium acanthonotum FILIPPI & VERANY 1853<br />
Nurse Hound COUCH 1867<br />
Range;Atlantic coasts <strong>of</strong> Europe. Med. to Senegal.<br />
S. CAPENSIS (Muller & Henle)1841 Yellow-spotted Catshark<br />
Scyllium capense MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope, South Africa.<br />
Scyliorhinus capensis REGAN 1908 (Natal)<br />
Range; South Africa.<br />
S. RETIFER (Garman) 1881 Chain Dogfish; Chain Catshark<br />
Scyllium retiferum GARMAN 1881 t/l; 38 23 N., 73 34 W., <strong>of</strong>f Virginia.<br />
Scyliorhinus retifer JORDAN & GILBERT 1883<br />
Range ; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New England to Nicaragua.<br />
Retifer - boa - haeckeli - meadi - besnardi form a sp./subspp. complex.<br />
44
S. BOA (Goode & Bean) 1895 Boa Catshark<br />
Scylliorhinus boa GOODE & BEAN 1895 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Barbados,Lesser Antilles.<br />
Range; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Lesser Antilles; Continental Atlantic coast from Honduras to Colombia.<br />
?Brazil.<br />
S. HAECKELI ( Ribeiro) 1907 Freckled Catshark<br />
Catulus haeckelii RIBEIRO 1907 t/l; Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.<br />
Scyliorhinus fernandezi WEIBEZAHN 1953 t/l; Venezuela<br />
Range; Western Venezuela to Uruguay on Atlantic coast <strong>of</strong> continental America.<br />
S. TORAZAME (Tanaka) 1908 Cloudy Catshark<br />
Catulus torazame TANAKA 1908 t/l; Misaki,Sagami Sea, Japan.<br />
Scylliorhinus rudis PIETSCHMANN 1908 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range; Japan; Korea.<br />
S. GARMANI (Fowler) 1934 Brownspotted Catshark<br />
Halaelurus garmani FOWLER 1934 t/l; East Indies.<br />
Range; East Indies.<br />
S. TORREI Howell-Rivero 1936 Dwarf Catshark<br />
Catulus boae SANCHEZ-ROIG 1931<br />
Scylliorhinus torrei HOWELL-RIVERO 1936 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Havana, Cuba.<br />
Range; Bahamas; Florida; North coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba.<br />
S. MEADI Springer 1966 Blotched Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus meadi SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Florida<br />
Range; North Carolina to Florida; Cuba; Bahamas.<br />
S. HESPERIUS Springer 1966 White-saddled Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus hesperius SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Range;Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Panama,Honduras and Colombia.<br />
S. CERVIGONI Maurin & Bonnet 1970 West African Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus cervigoni MAURIN & BONNET 1970 t/l; Mauretania<br />
Range; Mauretania to Angola.<br />
S. BESNARDI Springer & Sadowsky 1970 Polkadot Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus retifer besnardi SPRINGER & SADOWSKY 1970 t/l; North Uruguay.<br />
Range ; N. Uruguay.<br />
S. COMOROENSIS Compagno 1988 Comoro Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus comoroensis COMPAGNO 1988 t/l; Comoro Is., Western Indian Ocean.<br />
Range;Comoro Is.<br />
S. TOKUBEE Shirai, Hagiwara & Nakaya 1992 Izu Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus tokubee SHIRAI, HAGIWARA & NAKAYA 1992 t/l; Izu Peninsula, Japan.<br />
Range; Izu Peninsula, Japan.<br />
Genus PORODERMA A. Smith 1837<br />
Poroderma A. SMITH 1837, type Squalus africanus GMELIN 1789<br />
Conoporoderma FOWLER 1934, type Scyllium pan<strong>the</strong>rinum MUELLER & HENLE 1841 ( For<br />
pan<strong>the</strong>rinus and marleyi )<br />
45
P. AFRICANUM ( Gmelin ) 1789 Pyjama Shark; Striped Catshark; Lui haai; Lazy shark<br />
Le Barbillion BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Le Galonne BROUSSONET 1780<br />
? Squalus fasciatus BONNATERRE 1788<br />
Squalus africanus GMELIN 1789 t/l;" Mari Africanum "<br />
Squalus vittatus WALBAUM 1792 (inadmissible work) Name founded on Broussonet's description.<br />
Squalus vittatus SHAW & NODDER 1798<br />
Scyllium africanum A. SMITH 1837 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
Squalus striatus FORSTER in LICHTENSTEIN 1844<br />
Range; South Africa;Mauritius;Madagascar.<br />
P. PANTHERINUM (Smith in Muller & Henle)1838 Leopard Catshark<br />
P. pan<strong>the</strong>rinum pan<strong>the</strong>rinum (Smith in Muller & Henle)1838<br />
Poroderma pan<strong>the</strong>rinum SMITH 1837 (n. nud.)<br />
Scyllium pan<strong>the</strong>rinum SMITH in MULLER & HENLE 1838 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
Poroderma variegatum SMITH 1837 (n. nud.) t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
? Poroderma submaculatum SMITH 1837 (n. nud.) t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
Scyllium variegatum MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
Scyllium leopardinum (VAN HORST) MULLER & HENLE 1841 (name in synonymy)<br />
Scyllium maeandrinum (RAPP) MULLER & HENLE 1841 (name in synonymy)<br />
Range;Natal, S.Africa;Mauritius<br />
P. pan<strong>the</strong>rinum marleyi (FOWLER) 1934<br />
Scyliorhinus regani FOWLER 1925 (non GILCHRIST )<br />
Poroderma marleyi FOWLER 1934 t/l; Natal coast<br />
Scyliorhinus leopardus FOWLER 1935 t/l; Durban, Natal. Lapsus for marleyi<br />
Range;Natal<br />
There are 3 varieties <strong>of</strong> this species. A "typical" form with rosettes, "marleyi" with large black spots<br />
and a "salt and pepper" variety with small black spots.<br />
Genus CEPHALOSCYLLIUM Gill 1862<br />
(Swellsharks)<br />
Cephaloscyllium GILL 186, type Scyllium laticeps DUMERIL 1853<br />
Group 1 Isabellum group<br />
C. ISABELLUM (Bonnaterre) 1788 Isabel's Swellshark; Draughtsboard Shark<br />
L'Isabelle BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Squalus isabella BONNATERRE 1788 t/l;"La mer du sud"<br />
Squalus sabella GMELIN 1789<br />
Scyllium ? lima RICHARDSON 1842 t/l; New Zealand<br />
Range; New Zealand;Taiwan; SE Honshu,Japan.<br />
C. LATICEPS (Dumeril) 1853 Australian Swellshark<br />
Scyllium laticeps DUMERIL 1853 t/l; "New Holland"<br />
Cephaloscyllium indicum JORDAN & SNYDER 1901 (non GMELIN 1789)<br />
Cephaloscyllium laticeps forma nascione WHITLEY 1932 t/l;Montague I., N.S.W., Australia.<br />
Range; South Australia;Tasmania;N.S.W.,Australia.<br />
FC 00 015001<br />
C. UMBRATILE Jordan & Fowler 1903 Japanese Swellshark<br />
Cephaloscyllium umbratile JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan.<br />
Cephaloscyllium formosanum TENG 1962 t/l; Taiwan<br />
Range; Japan; Taiwan<br />
Group 2 Ventiosum group<br />
46
C. VENTRIOSUM (Garman) 1880 East Pacific Swellshark<br />
Scyllium ventriosum GARMAN 1880 t/l; Chile<br />
Catulus uter JORDAN & GILBERT 1896 t/l; California<br />
Range; California to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Mexico; Chile.<br />
Group 3 Sufflans group<br />
C. SUFFLANS (Regan) 1921 Balloon Shark<br />
Scyliorhinus (Cephaloscyllium) sufflans REGAN 1908 t/l; Natal,S. Africa<br />
Range;Natal;S.Mozambique.<br />
Group 4 Fasciatum group<br />
C. FASCIATUM Chan 1966 Reticulated Swellshark<br />
Cephaloscyllium fasciatum CHAN 1966 t/l; Hainan<br />
Range; Hainan;Vietnam;NW. Australia.<br />
FC 00 015007<br />
Group 5 Silasi group<br />
C. SILASI (Talwar) 1974 Indian Swellshark<br />
Scyliorhinus (Halaelurus) silasi TALWAR 1974 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Quilon,Kerala,India.<br />
Range; SW. India.<br />
Un-named Species <strong>of</strong> Cephaloscyllium<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. RANDALL New Guinea Swellshark<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. COMPAGNO 1988 Dwarf Oriental Swellshark<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. COMPAGNO 1988 Dwarf Balloon Shark<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. SERET New Caledonia Swellshark<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Whitefin Swellshark<br />
= Cephaloscyllium nascione MAY & MAXWELL 1986 (non WHITLEY) misidentification.<br />
cf. isabella, but not isabella, laticeps or nascione.<br />
Range; N.S.W.; Tasmania;S.Aus.<br />
FC 00 015013<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Saddled Swellshark<br />
Range; slope <strong>of</strong>f N.E.Aus., between Townsville and Saumarez Reef<br />
FC 00 015030<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 Nor<strong>the</strong>rnDraughtsboard Shark<br />
Range; outer shelf,Nor<strong>the</strong>rn NSW and Queensland<br />
FC 00 015031<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 Narrowbar Swellshark<br />
Range; Flinders Rocks, Queensland<br />
FC 00 015032<br />
Cephaloscyllium sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 Speckled Swellshark<br />
Range;Rowley Shoals,W.Aus. and Lihou Reef,Queensland<br />
FC 00 015033<br />
Subfamily GALEINAE<br />
Tribe GALEIN1<br />
47
Subtribe GALEINA<br />
Genus GALEUS Rafinesque 1810<br />
(Sawtail Catsharks)<br />
Squalus GUNNERUS 1765 (part)<br />
Galeus VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Galeus KLEIN 1775 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810, type Galeus melastomus RAFINESQUE 1810,by subsequent<br />
designation <strong>of</strong> BONAPARTE 1834.<br />
Scyllium RISSO 1810 (part), (non CUVIER)<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1825 (part)<br />
Pristiurus BONAPARTE 1831 (nom. nud.)<br />
Scyllium (Pristiurus) BONAPARTE 1834, type Scyllium (Pristiurus) melanostomum BONAPARTE<br />
1834 = Galeus melastomus RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
Pristidurus AGASSIZ 1838 (emendation)<br />
Pristiurus (Figaro) WHITLEY 1928,type Pristiurus ( Figaro )boardmani WHITLEY (subgenus)<br />
G. MELASTOMUS Rafinesque 1810 Black-mou<strong>the</strong>d Dogfish<br />
Haae gjale STROEM 1762<br />
Squalus catulus GUNNER 1765 (non LINN. 1758) t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Trondhiem,Norway<br />
Rod haae ASCANIUS 1777<br />
Galeus melastomus RAFINESQUE 1810,t/l; Sicily<br />
Squalus catulus (female) RISSO 1810<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) delarochianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.);1825<br />
Scyllium artedi RISSO 1820 t/l;Nice, France<br />
Squalus prionurus OTTO 1821<br />
Squalus annulatus NILSSON 1832<br />
Scylliorhinus melanostomus BONAPARTE 1834 t/l; Italy.<br />
Black-mou<strong>the</strong>d dogfish YARRELL 1836<br />
Pristiurus souverbiei LAFONT 1866 t/l; Coast <strong>of</strong> Gironde, France<br />
Range; Norway & Faroes to Mediterranean,Morocco & Madeira;South to Senegal.<br />
G. ATLANTICUS (Vaillant) 1888 Atlantic Sawtail Catshark<br />
Pristiurus atlanticus VAILLANT 1888 t/l; Cape Spartal, Morocco.<br />
Range; Morocco & Spain.<br />
G. MURINUS (Collett) 1904 Mouse Catshark<br />
Pristiurus murinus COLLETT 1904 t/l;Faroe Channel, <strong>of</strong>f Iceland.<br />
Pristiurus jenseni SAEMUNDSSON 1923 t/l; S.Coast <strong>of</strong> Iceland.<br />
Range; Iceland;Faroes.<br />
G. EASTMANI (Jordan & Snyder) 1904 Gecko Catshark<br />
Pristiurus eastmani JORDAN & SNYDER 1904 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Idzu, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan to Vietnam.<br />
G. SAUTERI (Jordan & Richardson) 1909 Blacktip Sawtail Catshark<br />
Pristiurus sauteri JORDAN & RICHARDSON 1909 t/l; Takao, Taiwan.<br />
Range; Taiwan. Possibly Japan & Philippines<br />
G. ARAE (Nicholls) 1927 Marbled Sawtail Catshark;Roughtail Catshark<br />
G. a. arae (Nicholls) 1927<br />
Pristiurus arae NICHOLLS 1927 t/l; Florida.<br />
Galeus cadenati SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
Range; Florida to Colombia on <strong>the</strong> continental coast <strong>of</strong> America<br />
G. a. antillensis Springer 1979<br />
Galeus arae antillensis SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Leeward Is.<br />
Range; Leeward Is., West Indies<br />
48
G. BOARDMANI (Whitley) 1928 Australian Sawtail Catshark<br />
Pristiurus (Figaro) boardmani WHITLEY 1928 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Montagu I., N.S.W., Australia<br />
Figaro boardmani socius WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Australian Bight.<br />
Range; Western Australia to N.S.W., Australia.<br />
FC 00 015009<br />
G. POLLI Cadenat 1959 African Sawtail Catshark<br />
Galeus polli CADENAT 1959 t/l; Senegal, West Africa.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Morocco to Namibia.<br />
G. PIPERATUS Springer & Wagner 1966 Peppered Catshark<br />
Galeus piperatus SPRINGER & WAGNER 1966 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
G. NIPPONENSIS Nakaya 1975 Broadfin Sawtail Catshark<br />
Galeus nipponensis NAKAYA 1975 t/l; Sea <strong>of</strong> Japan.<br />
Range; Japan.<br />
G. SCHULTZI Springer 1979 Dwarf Sawtail Catshark<br />
Galeus schultzi SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Philippines<br />
Range; Philippines<br />
G. LONGIROSTRIS Tachikawa & Taniuchi 1986 Longnose Sawtail Catshark<br />
Galeus longirostris TACHIKAWA &TANIUCHI 1986 t/l; Japan.<br />
G. GRACILIS Compagno & Stevens 1993 Slender Sawtail Catshark<br />
Galeus sp. A LAST &STEVENS 1993<br />
Galeus gracilis COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l; Upper slope ,north <strong>of</strong> Melville I.,Western Aus.<br />
9 49 S., 135 15 E. in 290 m.<br />
Range; Upper slope W. Australia & Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory, Cape Cuvier to Port Hedland, NW Aus.,<br />
Melville I., Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory & N. Queensland<br />
Holotype: CSIRO H. 1208<br />
FC 00 015008<br />
Galeus sp. B LAST &STEVENS 1993 Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Sawtail Catshark<br />
N.E. Australia from Rockhampton to Townsville,Queensland.<br />
FC 00 015034<br />
Genus PARMATURUS Garman 1906<br />
(Filetail Catsharks)<br />
Parmaturus GARMAN 1906, type Parmaturus pilosus GARMAN 1906<br />
Dichichthys CHAN 1966, type Dichichthys melanobranchius CHAN 1966<br />
P. XANIURUS (Gilbert) 1892 Filetail Catshark<br />
Catulus xaniurus GILBERT 1892 t/l; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn & Lower California in 184-684 fms.<br />
Range;Central California to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Mexico.<br />
P. PILOSUS Garman 1906 Salamander Shark<br />
Parmaturus pilosus GARMAN 1906 t/l;Sagami Bay, Japan<br />
Pristiurus hertwigi ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Yokohama & Asburatsubo,Japan.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan<br />
P. MELANOBRANCHIUS (Chan) 1966 Blackgill Catshark<br />
Dichichthys melanobranchius CHAN 1966 t/l; South China Sea<br />
? Figaro piceus CHU,MENG & LIU 1983 t/l; China.<br />
Range; South China Sea.<br />
49
P. CAMPECHIENSIS Springer 1979 Campeche Catshark<br />
Parmaturus campechiensis SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Bay <strong>of</strong> Campeche, Mexico.<br />
Range;Bay <strong>of</strong> Campeche, Mexico.<br />
P. MACMILLANI Hardy 1985 New Zealand Filetail Catshark<br />
Parmaturus macmillani HARDY 1985 t/l; New Zealand.<br />
Range; N.Z.<br />
Parmaturus sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Shorttail Catshark<br />
Saumarez Plateau <strong>of</strong>f N.E. Australia.<br />
FC 00 015036<br />
Genus CEPHALURUS Bigelow & Schroeder 1941<br />
Cephalurus BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1941, type Catulus cephalus GILBERT 1891<br />
C. CEPHALUS (Gilbert) 1891 Headshark; Lollipop Catshark<br />
Catulus cephalus GILBERT 1891 t/l;Gulf <strong>of</strong> California in 362 fthms. & Clarion Island in 460<br />
fthms.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California and Revillagigedo Is.<br />
Subtribe HALAELURINA<br />
Genus HALAELURUS Gill 1862<br />
Subgenus HALAELURUS Gill 1862<br />
Halaelurus GILL 1862, type Scyllium buergeri MUELLER & HENLE 1838<br />
Scyllium (Gammascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926 type Scyllium buergeri MUELLER & HENLE<br />
1838<br />
Leigh-Sharpe's names are " pseudogenera " (now reclassed as subgenera) used only within a special<br />
scheme for terminology <strong>of</strong> clasper glans morphology and not available as formal names within <strong>the</strong><br />
scheme <strong>of</strong> zoological classification (Jordan 1925).<br />
H. BUERGERI (Mueller & Henle) 1838 Blackspotted Catshark<br />
Scyllium buergeri MUELLER & HENLE 1838 t/l; Japan<br />
Range;Japan;Korea;China; Taiwan.<br />
H. QUAGGA (Alcock) 1899 Quagga Catshark<br />
Scyllium quagga ALCOCK 1899 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Malabar coast,India<br />
Range;Indian Ocean,Malabar and Somalia.<br />
H. NATALENSIS (Regan) 1904 Tiger Catshark<br />
Scyllium natalense REGAN 1904 t/l;Natal<br />
Range; South Africa, Western Cape to Mozambique.<br />
H. BOESEMANI Springer & d'Aubrey 1972 Speckled Catshark<br />
Halaelurus boesemani SPRINGER & D'AUBREY 1972 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Somalia<br />
Range;Somalia; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden;Vietnam;Philippines;Amboina; N.W.Australia.<br />
FC 00 015004<br />
H. LINEATUS Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy 1975 Lined Catshark<br />
Halaelurus lineatus BASS,D'AUBREY & KISTNASAMY 1975 t/l;Durban,Natal close inshore.<br />
Range;Natal & S.Mozambique.<br />
50
Subgenus BYTHAELURUS Compagno 1988<br />
Bythaelurus COMPAGNO 1988, type Scyllium canescens GUNTHER 1988<br />
H. CANESCENS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1878 South American Dusky Catshark<br />
Scyllium canescens GUNTHER 1878 t/l; S.W. coast <strong>of</strong> South America.<br />
Range;Peru to Straits <strong>of</strong> Magellan.<br />
H. HISPIDUS (Alcock) 1891 Bristly Catshark<br />
Scyllium hispidum ALCOCK 1891 t/l; Andaman Is.<br />
Range;Andaman Is.,Sou<strong>the</strong>rn India; ?East Africa.<br />
H. ALCOCKI Garman 1913 Arabian Catshark<br />
Scyllium canescens ALCOCK 1896 (non GUNTHER 1878)<br />
Halaelurus alcockii GARMAN 1913 t/l; Arabian Sea.<br />
Range; Arabian Sea, <strong>of</strong>f Pakistan. This is a sp.dub. according to Springer 1979 and Compagno 1984.<br />
H. DAWSONI Springer 1971 New Zealand Catshark<br />
Halaelurus dawsoni SPRINGER 1971 t/l; New Zealand<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New Zealand<br />
H. LUTARIUS Springer & D'Aubrey 1972 Mud Catshark<br />
Halaelurus lutarius SPRINGER & D'AUBREY 1972 t/l; Delagoa Bay,Mozambique.<br />
Range;Mozambique;Somalia.<br />
H. IMMACULATUS Chu & Meng 1982 Spotless Catshark<br />
Halaelurus immaculatus CHU & MENG 1982 t/l; South China Sea east <strong>of</strong> Hainan.<br />
Range; South China Sea east <strong>of</strong> Hainan.<br />
H. CLEVAI Seret 1987 Broadhead Catshark<br />
Halaelurus clevai SERET 1987 t/l; Madgascar<br />
Range;Madgascar<br />
Halaelurus (Bythaelurus) sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Australian Dusky Catshark<br />
Range; Continental slope <strong>of</strong>f Ashmore Reef,North Australia.<br />
FC 00 015035<br />
Genus HAPLOBLEPHARUS Garman 1913<br />
(Shy-eye Catsharks; Skaamoogs)<br />
Haploblepharus GARMAN 1913, type Scyllium edwardsii VOIGT (in CUVIER 1832)<br />
H. EDWARDSI (Voigt) 1832 Puffadder Shyshark; P<strong>of</strong>fadderhaai<br />
Squalus catulus EDWARDS 1764<br />
Scyllium d'Edwards CUVIER 1817<br />
Scyllium edwardsii VOIGT (in CUVIER 1832)<br />
Range; S. Africa, Cape to Natal.Two forms recognised, a Cape form, and a Natal form,which may<br />
be a distinct species, see No.4<br />
H. PICTUS (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Dark Shyshark<br />
Scyllium pictum MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l;Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
Range;S. Africa,Namibia to Cape.<br />
H. FUSCUS J.L.B. Smith 1950 Brown Shyshark<br />
Haploblepharus fuscus J.L.B.Smith 1950 t/l; East London & Knysna, South Africa.<br />
Range;S. Africa,Natal &Cape.<br />
51
Haploblepharus sp. COMPAGNO Natal Natal Shyshark<br />
Genus HOLOHALAELURUS Fowler 1934<br />
Halaelurus (Holohalaelurus) FOWLER 1934, type Scylliorhinus regani GILCHRIST 1922<br />
H. PUNCTATUS (Gilchrist & Thompson) 1914 South African Spotted Catshark<br />
Scylliorhinus punctatus GILCHRIST & THOMPSON) 1914 t/l; Natal<br />
Scyliorhinus (Halaelurus) polystigma REGAN 1921 t/l; Natal<br />
Range; Natal, South Africa<br />
H. REGANI (Gilchrist) 1922 Izak Catshark<br />
Scylliorhinus regani GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; Cape Seas.<br />
? Scyliorhinus (Halaelurus) melanostigma NORMAN 1939 t/l; Zanzibar<br />
Range; South Africa. ?Zanzibar<br />
Holohalaelurus sp. 1 COMPAGNO cf. punctatus East African Spotted Catshark<br />
Holohalaelurus sp. 2 COMPAGNO cf. regani Tropical Izak Catshark<br />
Range; ? Somalia south to Mozambique.<br />
Genus ASYMBOLUS Whitley 1939<br />
Scyliorhinus (Asymbolus) WHITLEY 1939, type Scyllium anale OGILBY 1885<br />
Scyliorhinus (Juncrus) WHITLEY 1939, type Scyllium vincenti ZIETZ 1908<br />
A. ANALIS (Ogilby) 1885 Grey Spotted Catshark<br />
Scyllium maculatum RAMSAY 1880 ( non GUNTHER )<br />
Scyllium anale OGILBY 1885 t/l; Port Jackson, NSW.<br />
Range; NSW. &Tasmania to S.W.Australia.<br />
FC 00 015027<br />
A. VINCENTI (Zietz) 1908 Gulf Catshark<br />
Scyllium vincenti ZIETZ 1908 t/l; Investigator Strait & Kangaroo I.,S. Aus.<br />
Range; NSW. &Tasmania to S.W.Australia.<br />
FC 00 015003<br />
Asymbolus sp .A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Dwarf Catshark<br />
Range; NW Australia from Dampier toBuccaneer Archipelago.<br />
FC 00 015022<br />
Asymbolus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Blotched Catshark<br />
Range; Recherche Archipelago, S.coast <strong>of</strong> Western Australia.<br />
FC 00 015023<br />
Asymbolus sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993 Variegated Catshark<br />
Asymbolus sp. HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986 S.W.Australia<br />
Range; S.W.Aus.<br />
FC 00 015010<br />
Asymbolus sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993 Orange- spotted Catshark<br />
Asymbolus analis LAST,SCOTT &TALBOT 1983 ( non OGILBY ) (misidentification)<br />
Range;Moreton I.,Queensland & Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Cape, Tasmania.<br />
FC 00 015024<br />
Asymbolus sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993 Pale-spotted Catshark<br />
Range;slope between Swain Reefs & Cairns,NE Australia.<br />
FC 00 015025<br />
52
Asymbolus sp. F LAST & STEVENS 1993 Western Spotted Catshark<br />
Halaelurus analis SCOTT et. al. 1980 (misidentification)<br />
Range; Fowler's Bay, South Australia to Perth, Western Australia. FC 00 015026<br />
Asymbolus sp. SERET New Caledonia Spotted Catshark<br />
Range; New Caledonia<br />
Asymbolus holotypes possibly included in <strong>the</strong> above unnamed Australian spp.<br />
Asymbolus sp. aff. analis holotype CSIRO CA 3338<br />
Asymbolus sp. aff. vincenti holotype CSIRO CA 3328<br />
Asymbolus sp. holotype CSIRO CA 3351<br />
Tribe PENTANCHINI<br />
( APRISTURINI )<br />
Genus APRISTURUS Garman 1913<br />
(Ghost or Demon Catsharks)<br />
Pentanchus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912, type Pentanchus pr<strong>of</strong>undicolus SMITH & RADCLIFFE<br />
1912 Founded on an abnormal one finned specimen <strong>of</strong> Apristurus and would in that case be <strong>the</strong><br />
senior synonym <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter unless referred to <strong>the</strong> Official List <strong>of</strong> Rejected Names in Zoology.<br />
Apristurus GARMAN 1913, type Scylliorhinus indicus BRAUER 1906<br />
Apristurius SCHULZE 1926 (misspelling)<br />
Pentanchus (Parapristurus) FOWLER 1934, type Catulus spongiceps GILBERT 1905<br />
Parmaturus (Compagnoia) SPRINGER 1979, type Parmaturus (Compagnoia) manis SPRINGER<br />
1979<br />
A. BRUNNEUS (Gilbert) 1891 Largenose Brown Catshark<br />
Catulus brunneus GILBERT 1891 t/l; No loc. Perhaps S. California.<br />
? Scylliorhinus saldanha BARNARD 1925 t/l; Saldanha Bay, S.Africa in 500 fms.<br />
Apristurus nasutus DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile.<br />
Apristurus maderensis CADENAT & MAUL 1966 t/l; Madeira<br />
Apristurus japonicus NAKAYA 1975 t/l; Cape Daito, Honshu, Japan.<br />
? Apristurus F [COMPAGNO] 1979 Inst. f. Seefisch., Hamburg ( Bill Bailey,Lousy and Great<br />
Shoal Banks between Ireland & Iceland )<br />
Range; Alaska to S. California. Panama to Central Chile.<br />
Iceland south to Morocco and Madeira<br />
SW.Cape, S. Africa.<br />
Honshu, Japan.<br />
A. PROFUNDORUM (Goode & Bean) 1895 Smalleye Catshark<br />
Scylliorhinus pr<strong>of</strong>undorum GOODE & BEAN 1895 t/l; Delaware Bay, 39 9 N., 72 3 W., in 816<br />
fthms.<br />
Scyliorhinus microps GILCHRIST 1922 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Table Bay, S. Africa.<br />
Apristurus pinguis DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1983 t/l; Ryukiu Is., E.China Sea.<br />
Apristurus federovi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Honshu, Japan.<br />
Range; NW Atlantic from Newfoundland to Delaware Bay.<br />
NE Atlantic from Iceland to Scotland<br />
SW. Cape Province, S. Africa.<br />
Japan and East China Sea<br />
A . SPONGICEPS (Gilbert) 1905 Spongehead Catshark<br />
Catulus spongiceps GILBERT 1905 t/l;Bird I., Hawaii.<br />
Range; Hawaiian Is. Nominal record from Celebes.<br />
A. INDICUS (Brauer) 1906 Smallbelly Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus indicus BRAUER 1906 t/l; 2 58 N., 47 E., Indian Ocean, <strong>of</strong>f Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Somalia.<br />
53
Pentanchus (Parapristurus) investigatoris MISRA 1962 t/l; Andaman Sea.<br />
Range; W. Indian Ocean incl. Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden and Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman.<br />
Andaman Sea.<br />
A. PLATYRHYNCHUS (Tanaka) 1909 Spatulasnout Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus platyrhynchus TANAKA 1909 t/l; Misaki Sagami, Honshu, Japan.<br />
? Pentanchus sp. JORDAN & HUBBS 1925 Japan.<br />
Pentanchus verweyi FOWLER 1934 t/l; 04 13 N., 118 37 E., Sibuko Bay, Sipadan I., Borneo.<br />
Apristurus parvipinnis SPRINGER & HEEMSTRA 1979 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Pensacola, Florida<br />
Apristurus canutus SPRINGER & HEEMSTRA 1979 t/l; near Anguilla, Leeward Is.,W. Indies.<br />
Apristurus sinensis CHU & HU 1981 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Apristurus acanutus MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
? Apristurus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 FC 00 015014<br />
Range; Japan south to Borneo. ? NW and S.E. Australia.<br />
Florida through West Indies and Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Carribbean and Giuanas<br />
A. MACRORHYNCHUS (Tanaka) 1909 Fla<strong>the</strong>ad Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus macrorhynchus TANAKA 1909 t/l; Misaki Sagami, Honshu, Japan.<br />
Scyllium laurussonii SAEMUNDSSON 1922 t/l; S.coast <strong>of</strong> Iceland.<br />
Range; S. Iceland south to Canary Is.<br />
? South Africa<br />
Massachusetts to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
S. Japan; Taiwan<br />
A. PROFUNDICOLUS (Smith & Radcliffe) 1912 Longfin Catshark<br />
Pentanchus pr<strong>of</strong>undicolus SMITH & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; 10 02 N., 125 19 E., 1000 m. Mindanao<br />
Sea, Philippines.<br />
Known only from <strong>the</strong> type specimen with a single dorsal fin. Founded on what was almost certainly<br />
an abnormal one finned specimen <strong>of</strong> Apristurus herklotsi .<br />
Pentanchus herklotsi FOWLER 1934 t/l; Cagayan I., Jolo Sea, Philippines<br />
Apristurus longicephalus NAKAYA 1979 t/l; Tosa Bay, Honshu, Japan.<br />
Range; S. Japan; East China Sea; Philippines; NW Australia; Queensland; Seychelles.<br />
FC 00 015021<br />
Apristurus abbreviatus DENG et. al. 1985 t/l; East China Sea.<br />
Apristurus xenolepis MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Apristurus brevicaudatus CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Apristurus longianaIis CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Apristurus longicaudatus CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range; S. Japan to Philippines.<br />
NW Australia; Queensland (FC 00 015021); Seychelles.<br />
A. SIBOGAE (Weber) 1913 Pale Catshark<br />
Scyliorhinus sibogae WEBER 1913 t/l; 00 32 S., 119 39 E., Makassar Str., between Borneo and<br />
Celebes, Indonesia in 655 m.<br />
Range; Makassar Str. between Borneo & Celebes.<br />
A. ATLANTICUS (Koeffoed) 1927 Broadgill Catshark<br />
Scylliorhinus atlanticus KOEFFOED 1927 (non VAILLANT 1888) t/l; Canary Is.<br />
Apristurus riveri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; N. coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba in 580 fms.<br />
Range; Canary Is.<br />
N.coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba to Western Louisiana.<br />
C. KAMPAE Taylor 1972 Longnose Catshark<br />
Apristurus kampae TAYLOR 1972 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Parmaturus (Compagnoia) stenseni SPRINGER 1979 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Parmaturus (Compagnoia) manis SPRINGER 1979 t/l; SW Nantucket, Massachusetts.<br />
54
Range; Central California to Gulf <strong>of</strong> California; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama and Panama Bay.<br />
Off Massachusetts; West <strong>of</strong> Ireland; ?Mauretania.<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> recently described species have been described from <strong>the</strong> South China Sea to Australia<br />
and SW Pacific, S. Africa and California whose status is still indeterminate in relation to <strong>the</strong> earliernamed<br />
species.<br />
A. GIBBOSUS Meng, Chu & Li 1985 Humpback Catshark<br />
Apristurus gibbosus MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range; South China Sea.<br />
A. MACROSTOMUS Meng, Chu & Li 1985 Broadmouth Catshark<br />
Apristurus macrostomus MENG,CHU & LI 1985 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range;South China Sea.<br />
A. MICROPTERYGIUS Chu, Meng & Li 1986 Smalldorsal Catshark<br />
Apristurus micropterygius CHU,MENG & LI 1986 t/l; South China Sea.<br />
Range;South China Sea.<br />
Apristurus sp. SERET New Caledonia<br />
Apristurus sp. SERET Philippines<br />
Apristurus sp. SERET Indonesia<br />
Apristurus sp. COMPAGNO California White-edged Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. COMPAGNO & EBERT S. Africa Black Wonder Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 cf. platyrhynchus /acanutus Bigfin Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland & NSW. & <strong>of</strong>f Geraldton, W. Aus.<br />
FC 00 015015<br />
Apristurus sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 cf. brunneus Fleshynose Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;NSW. & S. Aus., S. Tasmania, N.Z. 900-1150 m. A possibly allied species occurs well <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Perth, W. Aus.<br />
FC 00 015016<br />
Apristurus sp. D. Last & Stevens 1993 Roughskin Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. D LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;S. Aus., SW. Aus., South Island, N.Z., ? North N.Z.<br />
FC 00 015017<br />
Apristurus sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 Bulldog Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. E LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;Broken Bay, NSW. to Beachport, S.Aus.<br />
FC 00 015018<br />
Apristurus sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 Bighead Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. F LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;Perth, W.Aus 3 specimens.<br />
FC 00 015019<br />
Apristurus. sp. G Last & Stevens 199 cf. herklotsi Pinocchio Catshark<br />
Apristurus sp. G LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range; slope from N.Queensland to Tasmania, South & West Aus.Part <strong>of</strong> a possible complex <strong>of</strong><br />
species with a N.Z. relative.<br />
FC 00 015020<br />
55
Subfamily ATELOMYCTERINAE<br />
Genus ATELOMYCTERUS Garman 1913<br />
Atelomycterus GARMAN 1913, type Scyllium marmoratum BENNETT 1830<br />
Scyllium (Deltascyllium) LEIGH-SHARPE 1926 Leigh-Sharpe's names are " pseudogenera " (now<br />
reclassed as subgenera) used only within a special scheme for terminology <strong>of</strong> clasper glans<br />
morphology and not available as formal names within <strong>the</strong> scheme <strong>of</strong> zoological classification (Jordan<br />
1925).<br />
A. MARMORATUS (Bennett) 1830 Marbled Catshark; Coral Catshark<br />
Scyllium marmoratum BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra<br />
Scyllium maculatum GRAY in HARDWICKE 1832 (non BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 ) t/l; India<br />
Scyllium ornatum GRAY in HARDWICKE 1832 t/l; China<br />
Scyllium pardum (TEMMINCK) MUELLER & HENLE 1838 (name in synonymy)<br />
Range; Pakistan to Malaya, Philippines,Vietnam and S. China. New Guinea.<br />
A. MACLEAYI Whitley 1939 Australian Marbled Catshark<br />
Atelomycterus macleayi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Port Darwin, N.Aus.<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia.<br />
FC 00 015028<br />
There is currently an unresolved situation in respect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following two forms;-<br />
A. FASCIATUS Compagno & Stevens 1993 Banded Sand Catshark or Longlipped spotted<br />
catshark<br />
Atelomycterus marmoratus McKAY 1966 (non BENNETT) (part) t/l;Western Aus.<br />
Atelomycterus sp.[COMPAGNO] 1984<br />
Atelomycterus sp. SAINSBURY et.al. 1985<br />
Atelomycterus fasciatus COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l;Onslow,Western Aus. Holotype:<br />
WAM P 8629<br />
Range;<br />
Atelomycteris sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 in part Whitespotted Sand Catshark ( ? =<br />
fasciatus )<br />
Halaelurus sp. 1 SAINSBURY, LEYLAND & KAILOLA 1985<br />
Atelomycterus macleayi ALLEN & SWAINSTON 1988 (non WHITLEY 1939)<br />
(misidentification)<br />
Atelomycterus sp.[COMPAGNO] 1988<br />
Range; shelf <strong>of</strong>f NW. Australia; Melville I., Gulf <strong>of</strong> Carpentaria.<br />
FC 00 015005<br />
Genus AULOHALAELURUS Fowler 1934<br />
Halaelurus (Aulohalaelurus) FOWLER 1934, type Catulus labiosus WAITE 1905<br />
A. LABIOSUS (Waite) 1905 Australian Blackspotted Catshark<br />
? Squalus maculatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (non BONN. 1788) (Oriental Ocean)<br />
Squalus (Scyliorhinus) maculatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
Scyllium maculatum GUNTHER 1870 (Bramble Bay, Queensland)<br />
Catulus labiosus WAITE 1905 t/l; Freemantle, W. Australia.<br />
Range; Western Australia<br />
56
FC 00 015029<br />
A. KANAKORUM Seret 1990 New Caledonia Catshark<br />
Aulohalaelurus kanakorum SERET 1990 t/l; New Caledonia<br />
Range;New Caledonia<br />
Subfamily SCHROEDERICHTHYINAE<br />
(Narrowtail Catsharks)<br />
Genus SCHROEDERICHTHYS Springer 1966<br />
Schroederichthys SPRINGER 1966, type Schroederichthys maculatus SPRINGER 1966<br />
S. BIVIUS (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Narrow-mou<strong>the</strong>d Catshark<br />
Scyllium bivium MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; "Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope" in error. Does not occur in<br />
South African waters.<br />
Scyllium gayi PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Chile<br />
Range;Chile;Patagonia;Argentina.<br />
S. CHILENSIS (Guichenot) 1848 Redspotted Catshark<br />
Scyllium chilense GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile<br />
? Scyllium brevicolle PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f Peru & Chile.<br />
S. MACULATUS Springer 1966 Narrowtail Catshark<br />
Schroederichthys maculatus SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Western Caribbean (Range;<strong>of</strong>f Honduras &<br />
Nicaragua)<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f Honduras & Nicaragua<br />
S. TENUIS Springer 1966 Slender Catshark<br />
Schroederichthys tenuis SPRINGER 1966 t/l; Brazil, mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Amazon.<br />
Range;<br />
Family PROSCYLLIIDAE<br />
(Finback Catsharks)<br />
Genus PROSCYLLIUM Hilgendorf 1904<br />
Proscyllium HILGENDORF 1904, type Scyllium habereri HILGENDORF 1904<br />
Calliscyllium TANAKA 1912, type Calliscyllium venustum TANAKA 1912<br />
P. HABERERI (Hilgendorf) 1904 Graceful Catshark<br />
Scyllium habereri HILGENDORF 1904 t/l; Takao, Taiwan.<br />
Calliscyllium venustum TANAKA 1912 t/l; Sagami Bay, Japan<br />
Range; S. Japan & Korea suoth to South China Sea. North <strong>of</strong> Java.<br />
Genus ERIDACNIS H.M. Smith 1913<br />
Eridacnis H.M. SMITH 1913, type Eridacnis radcliffei H.M. SMITH 1913<br />
Neotriakis J.L.B. SMITH 1957, type Neotriakis sinuans J.L.B. SMITH 1957<br />
E. RADCLIFFEI H.M. Smith 1913 Pygmy Ribbontail Catshark<br />
Eridacnis radcliffei H.M. SMITH 1913 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Jolo I., Sulu Sea, Philippines<br />
Proscyllium alcocki MISRA 1950 t/l; Andaman Sea<br />
Range;Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden;Kenya; Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal; S. India; Andamans; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin;Philippines.<br />
E. BARBOURI ( Bigelow & Schroeder ) 1944 Cuban Ribbontail Catshark<br />
57
Triakis barbouri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; N.coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba.<br />
Range; N.coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba to S.Florida.<br />
E. SINUANS (J. L. B. Smith) 1957 African Ribbontail Catshark<br />
Neotriakis sinuans J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; Durban,Natal.<br />
Range; Natal to Mozambique<br />
Genus CTENACIS Compagno 1973<br />
Ctenacis COMPAGNO 1973, type Triakis fehlmanni SPRINGER 1968<br />
C. FEHLMANNI (Springer) 1968 Harlequin Catshark<br />
Triakis fehlmanni SPRINGER 1968 t/l; SW. <strong>of</strong> Cape Guardafui,Somalia.<br />
Range; Off Somalia.<br />
FAMILY PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE<br />
Genus PSEUDOTRIAKIS Bocage & Capello 1868<br />
Pseudotriakis CAPELLO 1868, type Pseudotriakis microdon CAPELLO 1868<br />
Pseudotriacis GUNTHER 1870 (Emendation)<br />
P. MICRODON Capello 1867 False Catshark; Oshizame<br />
Pseudotriakis microdon CAPELLO 1868 t/l; Setubal, Portugal<br />
Pseudotriakis acrales JORDAN & SNYDER 1904 t/l; Japan.<br />
Pseudotriakis acrages GARMAN 1913 (emendation)<br />
Range;N.E.Atlantic;New England;S. Japan;Taiwan; Hawaii; North Madgascar.<br />
Genus GOLLUM Compagno 1973<br />
Gollum COMPAGNO 1973, type Triakis attenuata GARRICK 1954<br />
G. ATTENUATUS (Garrick) 1954 Slender Smoothhound<br />
Triakis attenuata GARRICK 1954 t/l; Cape Palliser, North Island, New Zealand.<br />
Range; New Zealand<br />
Genus and species nov. COMPAGNO, STEHMANN & ANDERSON Pygmy False Catshark<br />
Family LEPTOCHARIIDAE<br />
Genus LEPTOCHARIAS Smith in Muller & Henle 1838<br />
Leptocharias SMITH in MULLER & HENLE 1838, type Triaenodon smithii MULLER & HENLE<br />
1839<br />
Leptocharias MULLER & HENLE 1839 (lapsus)<br />
Leptocarcharias GUNTHER 1870 (emendation)<br />
L. SMITHII (Muller & Henle) 1839 Barbelled Houndshark<br />
Trieanodon smithii MULLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Kabenda Bay,West Africa.<br />
Mustelus osborni FOWLER 1923 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congo.<br />
Range; E.Atlantic. Mauretania to Angola<br />
58
Subfamily TRIAKINAE<br />
Tribe TRIAKINI<br />
Genus MUSTELUS Linck 1790<br />
Genus TRIAKIS M.&H. 1838<br />
Tribe SCYLLIOGALEINI<br />
Genus SCYLLIOGALEUS Boulenger 1902<br />
Subfamily GALEORHININAE<br />
Tribe GALEORHININI<br />
Genus GALEORHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
Genus HYPOGALEUS J.L.B.Smith 1957<br />
Tribe IAGINI<br />
Genus HEMITRIAKIS Herre 1923<br />
Genus FURGALEUS Whitley 1951<br />
Genus IAGO Compagno & Springer 1971<br />
Genus GOGOLIA Compagno 1973<br />
Family TRIAKIDAE<br />
Subfamily TRIAKINAE<br />
Tribe TRIAKINI<br />
Genus MUSTELUS Linck 1790<br />
? Galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
? Mustelus THEODORUS 1470<br />
Mustelus SALVIANI 1554<br />
Mustelus VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work), type Galeus stellatus VALMONT 1768 = Squalus<br />
mustelus LINN.1758<br />
Mustelus LINCK 1790, type Mustelus laevis LINCK 1790 by monotypy = Squalus mustelus<br />
LINN.1758<br />
Galeus RAFINESQUE 1810 (part) Included Squalus mustelus LINN.<br />
Squalus (Galeorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), included hinnulus BLAINVILLE = Mustelus<br />
asterias CLOQUET, and Squalus galeus LINN. (The tope)<br />
Emissola JAROCKI 1822, type Squalus mustelus FORSTER 1777 (logotype)<br />
Myrmillo GISTEL 1848 ( substitute for Mustelus, believed preoccupied by Mustela LINN.<br />
(Mammalia; Mustelidae )<br />
Rhinotriacis GILL 1862 (part) included Rhinotriacis henlei GILL<br />
Pleuracromylon GILL 1864, type Mustelus laevis RISSO 1826 (n. nud.), Mustelus laevis M.&H.<br />
1841.<br />
Rhinotriakis GILL 1883 (part), included M. laevis RISSO<br />
Cynias GILL 1903, type Squalus canis MITCHILL 1815<br />
Allomycter GUITART 1972, type A. dissutus GUITART 1972 ? = Squalus canis MITCHILL<br />
M. MUSTELUS (Linn.) 1758 Smooth Dogfish; Smoothhound<br />
? Galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
? Mustelus THEODORUS 1470<br />
59
Mustelus laevis SALVIANI 1554<br />
Galeus laevis RONDELET 1554<br />
Glatt Seehund GESNER 1558<br />
Squalus mustelus LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeao"<br />
Smooth Dogfish BROOKES 1763<br />
Galeus stellatus VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work)<br />
Smooth hound PENNANT 1769 (Cornwall, England)<br />
Mustelus laevis LINCK 1790 (substitute for Squalus mustelus LINN.)<br />
Le squale emissole LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Mustelus vulgaris CLOQUET 1821<br />
Mustelus levis RISSO 1826 (emendation)<br />
Mustelus equestris BONAPARTE 1834 (part) t/l; Italy<br />
Range; Eastern Atlantic. North Sea to Med. and South Africa.<br />
M. CANIS (Mitchill) 1817 Dusky Smoothhound<br />
Squalus canis MTCHILL 1817 t/l; New York<br />
? Allomycter dissutus GUITART 1972<br />
Range;Western Atlantic. Cape Cod to Antilles and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. Uruguay and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Argentina.<br />
M. ASTERIAS Cloquet 1819 Stellate Smoothhound<br />
Galeus asterias RONDELET 1554<br />
Galeus stellatus GESNER 1558<br />
Sternhund GESNER 1558<br />
Mustelus asterias VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work)<br />
Squalus (Galeorhinus) hinnulus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
Mustelus asterias CLOQUET 1819 (on RONDELET 1554 ) t/l; Europe.<br />
Squalus hinnulus BLAINVILLE 1825<br />
Mustelus stellatus RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice,France<br />
Mustelus plebejus BONAPARTE 1834 t/l; Italy<br />
Mustelus equestris BONAPARTE 1834 (part) t/l; Italy<br />
Squalus albomaculatus PLUCAR 1846 t/l; Trieste.<br />
Squalus edentulus DODERLEIN 1881 (non BRUNNICH) t/l; Venice<br />
Range; Eastern North Atlantic. North Sea to Med. and N.W.Africa.<br />
M. PUNCTULATUS Risso 1826 Blackspot Smoothhound<br />
Mustelus punctulatus RISSO 1826 t/l;Nice,France<br />
Mustelus mediterraneus QUIGNARD & CAPAPE 1972 t/l; Mediterranean<br />
Range; Med. & S. Portugal to Morocco.<br />
M. MANAZO Bleeker 1857 Starspotted Smoothhound<br />
Mustelus vulgaris SCHLEGEL 1850 (non CLOQUET 1819)<br />
Mustelus manazo BLEEKER 1857 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan to Indochina;East Africa; ?Arabian Sea.<br />
M. HENLEI (Gill) 1863 Brown Smoothhound<br />
Rhinotriacis henlei GILL 1863 t/l; San Francisco, California.<br />
Range; N. California to Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.Ecuador and Peru.<br />
M. CALIFORNICUS Gill 1864 California Grey Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus californicus GILL 1864 t/l; San Francisco, California.<br />
Range; N. California to Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
M. DORSALIS Gill 1864 Sharpnose Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus dorsalis GILL 1864 t/l; Panama.<br />
Range; West Mexico to Peru.<br />
M. ANTARCTICUS Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1870 Gummy Shark<br />
60
Mustelus antarcticus GUNTHER 1870 t/l; N.S.W.;Tasmania;<br />
Emissola maugeana WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Tasmania<br />
Emissola ganearum WHITLEY 1945 t/l;<br />
Range; Most <strong>of</strong> Australia except tropical north;Tasmania.<br />
FC 00 017001<br />
M. MENTO Cope 1877 Speckled Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus mento COPE 1877 t/l; Peru<br />
Mustelus edulis PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile<br />
Mustelus abbotti EVERMANN & RADCLIFFE 1917 t/l; Peru.<br />
Range;Chile;Peru;Galapagos;Argentina.<br />
M. LUNULATUS Jordan & Gilbert 1883 Sicklefin Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus lunulatus JORDAN & GILBERT 1883 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn California to Colombia.<br />
M. MOSIS Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1899 Arabian Hardnose or Moses Smoothhound<br />
Mustelus mosis KLUNZINGER 1871 (n.nud.)<br />
Mustelus mosis HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l;Red Sea.<br />
Range;Red Sea to India.South Africa.<br />
M. GRISEUS Pietschmann 1908 Spotless Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus griseus PIETSCHMANN 1908 t/l; Japan.<br />
Cynias kanekonis TANAKA 1916 t/l; Japan.<br />
Range;Japan to Indochina.<br />
M. FASCIATUS (Garman) 1913 Striped Smoothhhound<br />
Galeorhinus fasciatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.<br />
Mustelus striatus DEVINCENZI 1920 t/l; Uruguay<br />
Range;Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Argentina.<br />
M. LENTICULATUS Phillipps 1932 Spotted Estuary Smoothhhound; Rig<br />
Mustelus lenticulatus PHILLIPPS 1932 t/l; Wellington Harbour ,New Zealand<br />
Range; New Zealand. Records <strong>of</strong> this species from Australia are antarcticus.<br />
M. NORRISI Springer 1939 Narrowfin Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus norrisi SPRINGER 1939 t/l; Englewood, Key West, Florida.<br />
Range;Florida to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn South America on continental coast.<br />
M. SCHMITTI Springer 1939 Narrownose Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus schmitti SPRINGER 1939 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Uruguay and Buenos Aires, Argentina.<br />
Range;S.Brazil to N.Argentina.<br />
M. PALUMBES J.L.B. Smith 1957 Whitespot Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus palumbes J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; Knysna estuary mouth, South Africa.<br />
Range;South Africa.<br />
M. HIGMANI Springer & Lowe 1963 Smalleye Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus higmani SPRINGER & LOWE 1963 t/l; Surinam<br />
Range;Venezuela to Brazil.<br />
M. WHITNEYI Chirichigno 1973 Humpback Smoothhhound<br />
Mustelus whitneyi CHIRICHIGNO 1973 t/l; Peru<br />
Range;Peru to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Chile.<br />
Mustelus sp. 1 aff. lunulatus HEEMSTRA 1973 Broadnose Smoothhound<br />
Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
61
Mustelus sp. 2 aff. lunulatus HEEMSTRA 1973 Pacific Arrownose Smoothhound<br />
Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
Mustelus sp. 3 aff. canis HEEMSTRA Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico Smoothhound<br />
Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Mustelus sp. 4 aff. canis HEEMSTRA 1973 Venezuelan Dwarf Smoothhound<br />
Venezuela<br />
Mustelus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Grey Gummy Shark<br />
Mustelus sp. 5 HEEMSTRA 1973 Tropical Australia.<br />
Mustelus sp. SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Mustelus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range; Isolated records from tropical Australia.<br />
FC 00 017005<br />
Mustelus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 Whitespotted Gummy Shark<br />
Mustelus manazo SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 (non BLEEKER) (Misidentification)<br />
Mustelus sp. STEVENS & McLOUGHLIN 1991<br />
Mustelus sp. LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;Dampier, West Australia and Cairns, Queensland.<br />
FC 00 017004<br />
Mustelus sp. cf. manazo SERET New Caledonia.<br />
Genus TRIAKIS Muller & Henle 1837<br />
Subgenus TRIAKIS Muller & Henle 1837<br />
Triakis MULLER & HENLE 1837, type Triakis scyllium MULLER & HENLE 1841<br />
Triacis GUNTHER 1870 (Emendation)<br />
T. SCYLLIUM Muller & Henle 1841 Banded Houndshark; Dochizame<br />
Triakis scyllium MULLER & HENLE 1841 t/l;Japan.<br />
Hemigaleus pingi EVERMANN & SHAW 1927 t/l; Wenchow, China.<br />
Range; Western North Pacific. Siberia ( Peter <strong>the</strong> Great Bay ) to China,Japan and Taiwan.<br />
T. SEMIFASCIATA Girard 1854 Leopard Shark<br />
Triakis californica GRAY 1851 (n. nud.)<br />
Triakis semifasciata GIRARD 1854 t/l; San Francisco, California.<br />
Mustelus felis AYRES 1854<br />
Range; Eastern North Pacific from Oregon to Baja California.<br />
Subgenus CAZON De Buen 1959<br />
Cazon DE BUEN 1959, type Triakis maculata KNER & STEINDACHNER 1867<br />
T. MEGALOPTERA (A. Smith) 1849 Spotted Gully Shark<br />
Mustelus megalopterus A. SMITH 1849 t/l; Cape Town.<br />
Mustelus natalensis STEINDACHNER 1866 t/l; Durban, S. Africa.<br />
Mustelus nigropunctatus J.L.B. SMITH 1952 t/l; S. Africa.<br />
Range; Cape Province to Natal, S.Africa.<br />
T. MACULATA Kner & Steindachner 1867 Spotted Houndshark<br />
Triakis scyllium DUMERIL 1865 ( non MULLER & HENLE )<br />
Triakis scyllium var. maculata KNER & STEINDACHNER 1867 t/l;"Mazatlan, Mexico" Original<br />
type locality in error, resricted to Callao, Peru by Garman 1913.<br />
Mustelus nigromaculatus EVERMANN& RADCLIFFE 1917 t/l; Lobo de Tierra, Peru.<br />
Range; Peru; Chile;Galapagos.<br />
62
T. ACUTISPINA Kato 1968 Sharpfin Houndshark<br />
Triakis acutispina KATO 1968 t/l; Isla de la Plata, Ecuador.<br />
Range; Ecuador.<br />
Tribe SCYLLIOGALEINI<br />
Genus SCYLLIOGALEUS Boulenger 1902<br />
Scylliogaleus BOULENGER 1902, type Scylliogaleus quecketti BOULENGER 1902<br />
S. QUECKETTI (Boulenger) 1902 Flapnose Houndshark<br />
Scylliogaleus quecketti BOULENGER 1902 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Natal, S. Africa.<br />
Range; Natal, S. Africa.<br />
Subfamily GALEORHININAE<br />
Tribe GALEORHININI<br />
Genus GALEORHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
? Galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Galeus KLEIN 1742 (part)<br />
Galeus SCHAEFFER 1760 (Inadmissible work), type Squalus galeus LINN.<br />
Squalus (Galeorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), included hinnulus BLAINVILLE = Mustelus<br />
asterias CLOQUET, and Squalus galeus LINN. Type S. galeus LINN. by subsequent designation.<br />
Squalus (Galeus) CUVIER 1817 (non Galeus RAF. 1810)<br />
Eugaleus GILL 1865 type Eugaleus galeus GILL = Squalus galeus LINN.<br />
Notogaleus WHITLEY 1931 type Galeus australis MACLEAY 1881<br />
G. GALEUS (Linn.) 1758 Tope; Toper; Milandre; Meerhund; Penny Dog; Miller's<br />
Dog; Blue Dog; Ciglas ( = Blue Dog [Welsh]); Rig: School Shark; Soupfin Shark ; Oil shark;<br />
" Sharpie"; Snapper; Vaalhaai<br />
? Galeos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Galeus canis RONDELET 1554<br />
Canis galeus SALVIANI 1554<br />
Squalus sp. 9 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Squalus galeus LINN. 1758 t/l; Oceano Europaeo<br />
Tope BROOKES 1763<br />
Milandre DUHAMEL 1769-82<br />
? Squalus rhinophanes PETIT & LESUEUR in PERON 1807<br />
Galeus vulgaris FLEMING 1828 t/l; British Isles<br />
Galeus canis BONAPARTE 1834 t/l; Italy<br />
Galeus nilssoni BONAPARTE 1846 t/l; "Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ocean"<br />
Galeus communis OWEN 1853<br />
Galeus linnei MALM 1877 t/l; Goteberg, Sweden.<br />
Galeus australis MACLEAY 1881 t/l; Port Jackson, N.S.W., Aus.<br />
Galeus zyopterus JORDAN & GILBERT 1883 t/l; San Pedro, California.<br />
Galeus chilensis PEREZ-CANTO 1886 t/l; Chile<br />
Galeus molinae PHILLIPPI 1887 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile.<br />
Carcharhinus cyrano WHITLEY 1930 t/l; N.S.W.<br />
Galeorhinus vitaminicus DE BUEN 1950 t/l; Lobos I.,Peru.<br />
Range; North Sea to Med. and adjacent Eastern Atlantic. S. and S.W. Africa. Alaska to Lower<br />
California. Peru to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil. Australia;Tasmania; N.Z.<br />
FC<br />
63
Genus HYPOGALEUS J.L.B.Smith 1957<br />
Galeorhinus (Hypogaleus) J.L.B SMITH 1957, type Galeorhinus (Hypogaleus) zanzibarensis J.L.B<br />
SMITH 1957.<br />
H. HYUGAENSIS (Miyosi) 1939 Lesser Soupfin Shark; Blacktip Tope<br />
Eugaleus hyugaensis MIYOSI 1939 t/l;Hyuga Nada, Japan.<br />
Galeorhinus (Hypogaleus) zanzibarensis J.L.B SMITH 1957 t/l; Zanzibar<br />
Range;Western Pacific; S.Japan; Taiwan; Australia except Nor<strong>the</strong>rn coast.<br />
Western Indian Ocean; Tanzania to South Africa.Persian Gulf and Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman.<br />
FC 00 017006<br />
Tribe IAGINI<br />
Genus HEMITRIAKIS Herre 1923<br />
Hemitriakis HERRE 1923, type Hemitriakis leucoperiptera HERRE 1923<br />
H. JAPANICA (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Japanese Topeshark<br />
Galeus japanicus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Japan.<br />
Galeorhinus japonicus BLEEKER 1853 (lapsus)<br />
Range; Japan; East China Sea; ?Amboina; ?New Caledonia.<br />
H. LEUCOPERIPTERA Herre 1923 Whitefin Topeshark<br />
Hemitriakis leucoperiptera HERRE 1923 t/l; Dumaguete,Negros,The Philippines.<br />
Triakis leucoptera FOWLER 1929 (lapsus)<br />
Range; Philippines.<br />
H. FALCATA Compagno & Stevens 1993 Sicklefin Houndshark<br />
Hemitriakis sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Hemitriakis falcata COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l; 16 54 S., 12 50 E., Western<br />
Aus.Holotype: WAM P 26271-001<br />
Range; Outer shelf <strong>of</strong>f Port Hedland,W.Aus. 145-200 m. 10 specimens.<br />
FC 00 017009<br />
H. ABDITA Compagno & Stevens 1993 Deepwater or Darksnout Sicklefin<br />
Houndshark<br />
Hemitriakis sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Hemitriakis abdita COMPAGNO & STEVENS 1993 t/l;17 38 S., 150 11 E.,Coral Sea Plateau, <strong>of</strong>f<br />
N.E.Queensland in 225 m. Holotype:CSIRO H 1365 03<br />
Range;Upper slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland. 6 specimens.<br />
FC 00 017010<br />
Hemitriakis sp. COMPAGNO 1988 Ocellate Topeshark<br />
Hemitriakis sp. (cf. sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993) New Caledonia<br />
Genus FURGALEUS Whitley 1951<br />
Fur WHITLEY 1943 (preoccupied in Insecta), type Fur macki WHITLEY 1943<br />
Furgaleus WHITLEY 1951, new name for Fur WHITLEY 1943<br />
F. MACKI (Whitley) 1943 Whiskery Shark<br />
Fur macki WHITLEY 1943 t/l; Mordiallac,Victoria,Australia<br />
64
Fur ventralis WHITLEY 1943 t/l;W. & S. Australia.<br />
Range;Tasmania to N.W. Aus.<br />
FC 00 017003<br />
Genus IAGO Compagno & Springer 1971<br />
Iago COMPAGNO & SPRINGER 1971, type Eugaleus omanensis NORMAN 1939<br />
I. OMANENSIS (Norman) 1939 Bigeye Houndshark<br />
Eugaleus omanensis NORMAN 1939 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman.<br />
Range; Red Sea and Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman to Pakistan.<br />
I. GARRICKI Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979 Longnose Houndshark<br />
Iago garricki FOURMANOIR & RIVATON 1979 t/l; Vate,New Hebrides.250-320 m.<br />
Range; New Hebrides.<br />
FC 00 017007<br />
Iago sp. 1 COMPAGNO 1988 Lowfin Houndshark<br />
Range; SW.India and Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal.<br />
Iago sp. 2 COMPAGNO 1988 Smallgill Houndshark<br />
? Triakis lepta ALCOCK (unpublished MS.)<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman & Arabian Sea.<br />
Iago sp. cf. omanensis<br />
Dwarf sp. from Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal<br />
Iago sp. cf. garricki COMPAGNO 1988<br />
Philippines; Western Australia<br />
Genus GOGOLIA Compagno 1973<br />
Gogolia COMPAGNO 1973, type Gogolia filewoodi COMPAGNO 1973<br />
G. FILEWOODI Compagno 1973 Sailback Houndshark<br />
Gogolia filewoodi COMPAGNO 1973 t/l; Gogol River mouth, Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.<br />
Range; N.E.New Guinea<br />
65
Family HEMIGALEIDAE<br />
(Weasel Sharks)<br />
Subfamily HEMIGALEINAE<br />
Genus HEMIGALEUS Bleeker 1852<br />
Hemigaleus BLEEKER 1852, type Hemigaleus microstoma BLEEKER 1852<br />
Negogaleus WHITLEY 1931 (Replacement for Hemigaleus BLEEKER 1852)<br />
H. MICROSTOMA Bleeker 1852 Sicklefin Weasel Shark<br />
Hemigaleus microstoma BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java.<br />
? Hemigaleus machlani HERRE 1929 t/l; Jolo I.,Sulu Sea,Philippines (type destroyed)<br />
? Negogaleus brachygnathus CHU 1960 t/l; China.<br />
Range; Java; S. China; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Thailand; S. India; N. Australia; ? Philippines.<br />
FC 00 018020<br />
Hemigaleus sp. cf. microstoma Australian Weasel Shark<br />
Genus CHAENOGALEUS Gill 1862<br />
Chaenogaleus GILL 1862,type Hemigaleus macrostoma BLEEKER 1852<br />
C. MACROSTOMA (Bleeker) 1852 Hooktooth Weasel Shark<br />
Hemigaleus macrostoma BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia & Samarang, Java<br />
Hemigaleus balfouri DAY 1878 t/l; Waltair, Coromandel Coast, India.<br />
? Hypoprion notatus BLEEKER 1850 t/l; Java<br />
Range;Persian Gulf to China,Taiwan,Java, Celebes.<br />
Genus PARAGALEUS Budker 1935<br />
Paragaleus BUDKER 1935, type Paragaleus gruveli BUDKER 1935 ( = Hemigaleus pectoralis<br />
GARMAN 1906 )<br />
P. PECTORALIS (Garman) 1906 Atlantic Weasel Shark<br />
Hemigaleus pectoralis GARMAN 1906 t/l; "Aquarial Gardens", New York, stated to have been<br />
collected from Massachusetts and Rhode Island , but <strong>the</strong> species has never been recorded from <strong>the</strong><br />
Western Atlantic.<br />
Paragaleus gruveli BUDKER 1935 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Dakar, Senegal.<br />
66
Range; Cape Verde Is. and Senegal to Angola.<br />
P. TENGI (Chen) 1963 Straight-tooth Weasel<br />
Shark<br />
Negogaleus tengi CHEN 1963 t/l; Taiwan<br />
Negogaleus longicaudatus BESSEDNOV 1966 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin<br />
Range; Taiwan;Vietnam.<br />
P. LEUCOLOMATUS Compagno & Smale 1985 White-tipped Weasel<br />
Shark<br />
Paragaleus leucolomatus COMPAGNO & SMALE 1985 t/l; Kosi Bay, Natal<br />
Range; Natal<br />
Paragaleus sp. aff. pectoralis FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar<br />
P. RANDALLI Compagno, Krupp & Carpenter 1996 Slender Weasel Shark<br />
t/l; Bahrain, Arabian / Persian Gulf . New species. Holotype BPBM-21196 Adult male 719 mm.<br />
Range; Arabian / Persian Gulf . Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman<br />
Subfamily HEMIPRISTINAE<br />
Genus HEMIPRISTIS Agassiz 1843<br />
Hemipristis AGASSIZ 1843, type Hemipristis serra AGASSIZ 1843 (fossil)<br />
Dirrhizodon KLUNZINGER 1871, type Dirrhizodon elongatus KLUNZINGER 1871<br />
Heterogaleus GOHAR & MAZHAR 1964, type Heterogaleus ghardaquensis GOHAR & MAZHAR<br />
1964 ( = Dirrhizodon elongatus KLUNZINGER 1871)<br />
H. ELONGATUS (Klunzinger) 1871 Snaggletooth Shark<br />
Dirrhizodon elongatus KLUNZINGER 1871 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Carcharias ellioti DAY 1878 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan<br />
Hemipristis pingeli SETNA & SARANGDHAR 1946 t/l; Bombay, India.<br />
Paragaleus acutiventralis CHU 1960 t/l; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn China<br />
Heterogaleus ghardaquensis GOHAR & MAZHAR 1964 t/l;NW. Red Sea.<br />
Range; Red Sea to SW. Cape, S.Africa and east to Vietnam, China & Australia.<br />
FC 00 018011<br />
67
FAMILY CARCHARHINIDAE<br />
(Grey Sharks; Ground Sharks; Whalers; Requins; Requiem Sharks)<br />
Subfamily GALEOCERDINAE<br />
Genus GALEOCERDO Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Subfamily SCOLIODONTINAE<br />
Genus SCOLIODON Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Subfamily CARCHARHININAE<br />
Tribe CARCHARHININI<br />
Genus CARCHARHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
Genus GLYPHIS Agassiz 1843<br />
Genus PRIONACE Cantor 1849<br />
Genus LAMIOPSIS Gill 1862<br />
Genus NEGAPRION Whitley 1940<br />
Genus NASOLAMIA Compagno & Garrick 1983<br />
Tribe RHIZOPRIONODONTINI<br />
Genus RHIZOPRIONODON Whitley 1929<br />
Genus LOXODON Mueller & Henle 1838<br />
Tribe ISOGOMPHODONTINI<br />
Genus ISOGOMPHODON Gill 1862<br />
Tribe TRIAENODONTINI<br />
Genus TRIAENODON Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Subfamily GALEOCERDINAE<br />
Genus GALEOCERDO Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Squalus LESUEUR 1822, type Squalus cuvier LESUEUR 1822<br />
Galeus AGASSIZ 1835, type G. cepedianus AGASSIZ (non RAFINESQUE 1810)<br />
Galeocerdo MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Squalus arcticus FABER 1829 = Squalus cuvier<br />
LeSUEUR 1822<br />
Prionodon BLEEKER 1852 (part), type Carcharias (Prionodon) fasciatus BLKR 1852.<br />
Galeodes HECKEL 1854 (preocc), type Galeodes priscus HECKEL (fossil)<br />
Boreogaleus GILL 1861, type Squalus arcticus FABER<br />
68
G. CUVIER (Lesueur) 1822 Tiger Shark<br />
? Squalus lamia VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work)<br />
Canis carcharias DUHAMEL 1769-82 (non ROND., non ALDROVANDI) (inadmissible) (teeth<br />
only)<br />
? Le squale milandre LACEPEDE 1789<br />
? Le Squale requin LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Squalus cuvier LESUEUR 1822 t/l;" Terre de Witt, New Holland" ( = N.W.Australia)<br />
Carcharhinus lamia BLAINVILLE 1825 (part)<br />
Squalus arcticus FABER 1829 t/l; Iceland<br />
Galeus cepedianus AGASSIZ 1835 (non PERON 1807; non RAFINESQUE 1810) t/l; E. Indies<br />
Galeus sp. AGASSIZ 1835<br />
? Galeus thalassinus VALENCIENNES in MULLER & HENLE 1835 (see also Alopias vulpinus<br />
BONN.)<br />
? Squalus thalassinus MULLER & HENLE 1837 (see also Alopias vulpinus BONN.)<br />
Galeocerdo tigrinus MULLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;India<br />
Galeus maculatus RANZANI 1840 t/l;Brazil<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) fasciatus BLKR 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java.<br />
Galeocerdo rayneri MCDONALD & BARRON 1868 t/l;Australia<br />
Galeocerdo obtusus KLUNZINGER 1871 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) t/l; Koseir, Red<br />
Sea<br />
Galeocerdo hemprichii KLUNZINGER 1871 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) t/l; Red Sea<br />
A1 Itachizame MATSUBARA 1955 ( Japan ) ( = G.cuvier )<br />
A2 Sababuki MATSUBARA 1955 ( Japan ) ( = G. rayneri )<br />
Range; All tropical & warm temperate seas.<br />
FC 00 018022<br />
Subfamily SCOLIODONTINAE<br />
Genus SCOLIODON Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Scoliodon MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Scoliodon laticaudus MUELLER & HENLE 1838<br />
Physodon MUELLER & HENLE 1839, type Carcharias (Physodon) muelleri MUELLER &<br />
HENLE 1839<br />
Alopiopsis LIOY 1865, type Alopiopsis plagiodon LIOY 1865 (fossil)<br />
S. LATICAUDUS Mueller & Henle 1838 Spadenose Shark; Yellow Dogshark<br />
Pala Sorrah RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, Madras, India.<br />
Sorra Kowah RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, Madras, India.<br />
Carcharias palasorrah CUVIER 1829 (on Pala Sorrah RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Carcharias sorrakowah CUVIER 1829 (on Sorra Kowah RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Scoliodon laticaudus MUELLER & HENLE 1838 t/l; India<br />
Carcharias (Physodon) muelleri MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Bengal<br />
Carcharias (Scoliodon) macrorhynchos BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) palasorra BLEEKER 1853 t/l; Bengal<br />
Range; Tanzania, East Africa east to China, Japan & Borneo. Close to <strong>the</strong> continental coast, does not<br />
reach Philippines, Red Sea or South Africa.<br />
69
Subfamily CARCHARHININAE<br />
Tribe CARCHARHININI<br />
Genus CARCHARHINUS Blainville 1816<br />
(Grey Sharks ;Ground Sharks;Whalers; Requins; Galanos)<br />
Nomenclaturally this genus has caused more confusion than any o<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> subclass<br />
<strong>Elasmobranchii</strong>. Discussions are to be found in Bigelow & Schroeder (1948), Bass, DAubrey &<br />
Kistnasamy (1973), Garrick (1882), Compagno (1984 and 1988) among o<strong>the</strong>rs. The name was fixed<br />
in 1965 by a decision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> I.C.Z.N. to select as neotype a specimen <strong>of</strong> Carcharias melanopterus<br />
QUOY & GAIMARD 1824, as proposed by J.A.F. Garrick in 1962.<br />
Squalus LINN. 1758 (part) Some Squalus carcharias LINN. material may have been this genus but<br />
Squalus carcharias LINN. is now universally accepted as <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> Carcharodon A. SMITH.<br />
? Squalus DUHAMEL 1769-1782 (inadmissible work) for Squalus lamia DUHAMEL 1769-1782<br />
("Nos mers"). Uncertain identity.<br />
? Carcharias RISSO 1810 (part), type Carcharias lamia RISSO 1810<br />
Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816. Blainville included 14 species in his new taxon, all <strong>of</strong><br />
which are <strong>of</strong>ficially nomina nudae :glaucus<br />
( now in Prionace CANTOR as presently understood )<br />
caeruleus ( now in Prionace CANTOR as presently understood )<br />
cornubicus ( now in Lamna CUV. as presently understood )<br />
monensis ( now in Lamna CUV. as presently understood )<br />
vulpes ( now in Alopias RAF. as presently understood )<br />
lamia ( a heterogeneous assemblage based on a Carcharhinus species [? longimanus ] and<br />
Galeocerdo teeth. )<br />
commersonii ( unidentifiable, may be leucas )<br />
lividus ( unidentifiable, may be leucas )<br />
ustus ( unidentifiable, may be melanopterus )<br />
heterodon ( unidentifiable, may be leucas )<br />
70
verus ( unidentifiable, may be Carcharodon or leucas)<br />
broussonetii ( unidentifiable , may be leucas )<br />
megalops ( unidentifiable )<br />
heterobranchialis ( unidentifiable )<br />
In 1816, Bosc designated <strong>the</strong> type as Carcharhinus carcharias but this does not appear in Blainville's<br />
1816 work.<br />
Carcharinus CLOQUET 1817 (emendation)<br />
Squalus (Carcharias) CUVIER 1817 (part) (non RAFINESQUE 1810)<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1820, type ? Squalus (Carcharhinus) lamia BLAINVILLE<br />
1820 (based on Squalus lamia DUHAMEL 1769-1782 , hence dubious.<br />
Carcharhinus BLAINVILLE in VIEILLOT 1825, type Carcharhinus commersoni BLAINVILLE in<br />
VIEILLOT 1825, by subsequent designation <strong>of</strong> JORDAN & GILBERT 1883, according to Garrick<br />
(1982) identifiable as melanopterus Q. & G.<br />
? Carcharias RISSO 1826 (non RAFINESQUE 1810)<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) MUELLER & HENLE 1839 (part, preoccupied by Horsfield 1823 in<br />
Viverridae, Mammalia)<br />
Carcharias (Aprion) MUELLER & HENLE 1839 (preoccupied by Aprion CUVIER &<br />
VALENCIENNES 1830 in Osteichthyes), proposed for Carcharias acutidens RUPPELL, and<br />
included Carcharias(Aprion) isodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 &<br />
Carcharias(Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE 1839. No type designated by MUELLER &<br />
HENLE.<br />
Carcharias (Hypoprion) MUELLER & HENLE 1839, type Carcharias (Hypoprion) macloti<br />
MUELLER & HENLE 1839<br />
Carcharorhinus AGASSIZ 1846 (?lapsus)<br />
Galeolamna OWEN 1853, type Galeolamna greyi OWEN 1853 (jaws only) = brachyura GUNTH..<br />
Whitley (1940) considered it ei<strong>the</strong>r brachyurus or macrurus ( = obscurus )<br />
Aprionodon GILL 1862 (new name for Aprion MUELLER & HENLE 1839),type Aprionodon<br />
punctatus GILL 1862 ( = Carcharias (Aprion) isodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE<br />
1839, by subsequent designation <strong>of</strong> Jordan & Evermann 1896). (Not Squalus punctatus MITCHILL<br />
1815, ? = Rhizoprionodon terraenovae RICHARDSON)<br />
Hypoprionodon GILL 1862 (new genus, not an emendation for Hypoprion), type Carcharias<br />
(Prionodon) hemiodon MUELLER & HENLE 1839<br />
Eulamia GILL 1862, type Eulamia lamia GILL 1862 (n. nud.) ? = Squalus (Carcharhinus)<br />
longimanus POEY ( = maou LESSON )<br />
Platypodon GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) menisorrah MUELLER & HENLE ( =<br />
falciformis MUELLER & HENLE )<br />
Isoplagiodon GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah MUELLER & HENLE<br />
Gymnorhinus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899, type Gymnorhinus pharaonis HEMPRICH &<br />
EHRENBERG 1899 ( = falciformis MUELLER & HENLE )<br />
Aprionodon GARMAN 1913 (part) included brevipinna and isodon, as well as acutidens ( =<br />
Negaprion)<br />
Hypoprion GARMAN 1913 ( included macloti, hemiodon, signatus and playfairii)<br />
Mapolamia WHITLEY 1934, type Carcharias melanopterus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824<br />
Gillisqualus WHITLEY 1934, type Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides WHITLEY 1934<br />
Galeolamnoides WHITLEY 1934, type Carcharias macrurus RAMSAY & OGILBY 1887 ( =<br />
Squalus obscurus LeSUEUR)<br />
Galeolamna (Ogilamia) WHITLEY 1939, type Carcharias stevensi OGILBY 1911 ( = Squalus<br />
plumbeus NARDO )<br />
Longmania WHITLEY 1939, type Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE<br />
Aprionodon FOWLER 1941 (part), type Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE and<br />
included acutidens and sitankaiensis ( = falciformis).<br />
Uranga WHITLEY 1943, type Uranga nasuta WHITLEY 1943 ( = Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna<br />
MUELLER & HENLE)<br />
Galeolamna (Uranganops) WHITLEY 1943, type Galeolamna (Uranganops) fitzroyensis<br />
WHITLEY 1943<br />
Galeolamna (Lamnarius) WHITLEY 1943, type Galeolamna (Lamnarius) spenceri OGILBY 1911 (<br />
= Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas MUELLER & HENLE<br />
Galeolamna (Bogimba) WHITLEY 1943, type Galeolamna (Bogimba) bogimba WHITLEY 1943 ( =<br />
71
Carcharias [Prionodon] leucas MUELLER & HENLE)<br />
Aprionodon BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948 ,type Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna<br />
Pterolamia SPRINGER 1950 (name preoccupied), type Squalus longimanus POEY 1861 ( = Squalus<br />
(Carcharias) maou LESSON 1830)<br />
Pterolamiops SPRINGER 1951 (new name for Pterolamia SPRINGER )<br />
C. OBSCURUS (Lesueur) 1818 Dusky Shark; Shovelnose Grey Shark; Ridgeback Grey<br />
Shark; Common Whaler (Aus.); Black Whaler (Aus.); South Australian Whaler (Aus.);<br />
? Squalus vulpecula SOLANDER 1777 t/l; Australia<br />
Squalus obscurus LESUEUR 1818 t/l; "North America" = East coast <strong>of</strong> USA.<br />
? Carcharias falcipinnis LOWE 1839 t/l;Madeira<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) obvelatus VALENCIENNES 1844 t/l; Canary Is.<br />
Carcharias macrurus RAMSAY & OGILBY 1887 t/l; Port Jackson, NSW., Aus.<br />
? Hypoprion / Hemigaleus heterodus PHILIPPI 1887 t/l;Chile<br />
Carcharhinus commersonii LOZANO 1928<br />
Carcharhinus iranzae FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar<br />
Carcharhinus obscurella DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1981 t/l;S. China<br />
Range; Worldwide in warm temperate & tropical seas, inshore & <strong>of</strong>fshore but not oceanic.<br />
West Atlantic; S.Massachusetts to S. Brazil. Not common between Delaware Bay & N. Florida.<br />
East Atlantic;Madeira; Canaries; Senegal; Cape Verdes;Sierra Leone to Table Bay,S. Africa.<br />
Ascension & St. Helena. Natal, Moz., Madagascar; S.Japan; S. China; East & West Australia. Baja<br />
California . Formerly thought to be absent from <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean, <strong>the</strong>re have been some recently<br />
confirmed records <strong>of</strong> this species fron <strong>the</strong> area.<br />
FC 00 018003<br />
C. MELANOPTERUS (Quoy & Gaimard) 1824 Reef Blacktip Shark;<br />
"Guliman"<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) ustus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
Carcharias melanopterus QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 t/l; Waigeo I., NW. New Guinea.<br />
Carcharhinus commersonii BLAINVILLE 1825 (as restricted by Garrick 1982)<br />
Squalus ustus DUMERIL 1865<br />
Carcharias (Hypoprion) playfairii GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Zanzibar<br />
Carcharias elegans (KLUNZINGER 1871) HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 (name in synonymy)<br />
t/l; Red Sea<br />
Carcharias marianensis ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Guam<br />
Range; Tropical and warm temperate Indo-Pacific from Red Sea to S. Africa east to Japan,Hawaii<br />
and Queensland. <strong>Recent</strong>ly in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn Med. via <strong>the</strong> Suez Canal.<br />
FC 00 018036<br />
C. PLUMBEUS (Nardo) 1827 Sandbar Shark; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Whaler (Aus.)<br />
Squalus plumbeus NARDO 1827 t/l; Adriatic<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) milberti VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l;New York<br />
Carcharias ceruleus DEKAY 1842 (non Squalus (Carcharhinus) caeruleus BLAINVILLE 1816 =<br />
Prionace glauca) t/l; New York to New Hampshire<br />
Lamna caudata DEKAY 1842 t/l; Rhode Island<br />
Squalus caecchia NARDO 1847 t/l; near Venice.<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) japonicus TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l;Japan<br />
? Carcharias leucos GUICHENOT 1850 (non leucas M. & H.) (Algeria)<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) obtusirostris MOREAU 1881 (Cette, Nice, Atlantic)<br />
Carcharias stevensi OGILBY 1911 t/l; Bustard Bay & N.W.Islet, Queensland, Aus.<br />
Carcharhinus latistomus FANG & WANG 1932 t/l; Tsingtau, China.<br />
Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) dorsalis WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia.<br />
72
Range; Worldwide in tropical & warm temperate seas, common in <strong>the</strong> Med.<br />
E. Atl; Med.; Tropical W. Africa.<br />
W. Atl; S. New England to S. Brazil.<br />
Red Sea and tropical east Africa. Persian Gulf;Australia; S. Japan to Indochina. Hawaii. Probably<br />
absent from East Pacific.<br />
FC 00 018007<br />
C. ALBIMARGINATUS (Ruppell) 1835 Silvertip Shark<br />
Carcharias albimarginatus RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Ras Mahamet, Red Sea<br />
Eulamia (Platypodon) platyrhynchus GILBERT 1892 t/l; Magdalena Bay, Clarion I. <strong>of</strong>f Lower<br />
California.<br />
Eulamia albomarginata FOWLER 1929 (lapsus for albimarginata)<br />
Range; Red Sea & Western Indian Ocean; Philippines to Taiwan. Islands <strong>of</strong> tropical central &<br />
eastern Pacific. Not found in Eastern Indian Ocean or Hawaiian Is.<br />
FC 00 018027<br />
C. POROSUS (Ranzani) 1839 Smalltail Shark<br />
? Carcharias fissidens BENNETT 1830 t/l; Atlantic coast <strong>of</strong> North Africa. It is more probable that<br />
this is Rhizoprionodon terraenovae.<br />
Carcharias porosus RANZANI 1939 t/l; Brazil<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) henlei VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Cayenne,<br />
French Guiana.<br />
Carcharhinus sp. JORDAN 1885<br />
Carcharhinus cerdale GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN 1898 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
? Carcharias sanctithomae ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; St. Thomas, Antilles.<br />
Range; W.Atl; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil on <strong>the</strong> continental coast. Not in <strong>the</strong><br />
Antilles unless sanctithomae is this species.<br />
E. Pac.; S. Baja California to Peru Possibly N.W.Africa if fissidens is this species.<br />
C. AMBOINENSIS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Pigeye Shark; Java Shark<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Amboina, Moluccas.<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) brachyrhynchos BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Java<br />
Triaenodon obtusus DAY 1878 t/l; Karachi.Pakistan.<br />
Range; Indian Ocean from South Africa to India & East coast <strong>of</strong> Australia.`<br />
Off Nigeria . Not China & Japan.<br />
Krefft ( 1968 ) synonymized amboinensis with leucas, in which case amboinensis has page<br />
priority. However <strong>the</strong>re does seem to be two partially sympatric species involved and most recent<br />
authors have maintained <strong>the</strong>ir distinction.<br />
FC 00 018026<br />
C. BREVIPINNA (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Large Blacktip; Spinner Shark;<br />
Longnose Grey Shark; Inkytail Shark; Smoothfang Shark<br />
Carcharias (Aprion) brevipinna MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Java.<br />
Isogomphodon maculipinnis POEY 1865 t/l; Cuba.<br />
Uranga nasuta WHITLEY 1943 t/l; Queensland, Aus.<br />
Longmania calamaria WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia.<br />
Aprionodon caparti POLL 1951 t/l; Angola<br />
Carcharhinus johnsoni J.L.B. SMITH 1951 t/l; Port Elizabeth, Algoa Bay, S.Africa.<br />
Range; Carolinas to Florida and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mex. Central & Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil. Mediterranean to<br />
Angola. Cape to Madagascar. Seychelles.Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman to Philippines and Australia.Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan.<br />
Western Atlantic form (maculipinnis) may differ subspecifically from Indo-Pacific brevipinna<br />
FC 00 018023<br />
C. DUSSUMIERI (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Whitecheek Shark; Widemouth<br />
Blackspot Shark<br />
73
Carcharias (Prionodon) dusumieri VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;<br />
Pondicherry, India<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) tjutjot BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Baram, Borneo.<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) javanicus BLEEKER 1852 (non VAN HASSELT 1823) t/l; Batavia, Java.<br />
Carcharias malabaricus DAY 1873 t/l; Pallipot, near Cochin, Calicut, Malabar Coast, India.<br />
Range; Persian Gulf to S.Japan,Java, Borneo and Eastern Australia.<br />
FC 00 018009<br />
C. FALCIFORMIS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Silky Shark; Sicklefin Shark<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) falciformis BIBRON in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Cuba<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) menisorrah VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Java<br />
Squalus (Prionodon) tiburo POEY 1860 (non LINN.) t/l; Cuba<br />
? Carcharias pharaonis (KLUNZINGER 1871) EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea. (Name in<br />
synonymy)<br />
Aprionodon sitankaiensis HERRE 1934 t/l; Sitanka,Sibutu I.,Sulu Archipelago, Philippines.<br />
Carcharhinus floridanus BIGELOW, SCHROEDER & SPRINGER 1943 t/l; Salerno, Florida and<br />
south coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba.<br />
Eulamia malpeloensis FOWLER 1944 t/l; Malpelo I., Eastern Pacific.<br />
Carcharhinus atrodorsus DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1981 t/l; China.<br />
Range; Tropical oceans worldwide at <strong>the</strong> surface. Not in Med.<br />
FC 00 018008<br />
C. HEMIODON (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Pondicherry Shark<br />
Carcharias (Hypoprion) hemiodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;<br />
Pondicherry, India.<br />
Hypoprion atripinna CHU 1960 t/l; China.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman east to China, Java and Borneo.Nominally from Philippines, Celebes, New<br />
Guinea, Australia & Vietnam.<br />
C. ISODON (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Finetooth Shark<br />
Carcharias (Hypoprion) isodon VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Probably<br />
coast <strong>of</strong> New York, USA .(Type in MNHN, Paris)<br />
Aprionodon punctatus GILL 1862 ( not Squalus punctatus MITCHILL )<br />
Range; W. Atlantic; Cuba, Florida & Texas occasionally to New York.<br />
S. Brazil.<br />
E. Atlantic; ? Senegal & Guinea-Bassau. May represent brevipinna.<br />
C. LEUCAS (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Bull Shark; Slipway Grey Shark;<br />
River Whaler; Zambezi Shark; Lake Nicaragua Shark;Cub Shark; Swan River Whaler (Aus.)<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) commersonii BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) lividus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) heterodon BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) verus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)(may be Carcharodon<br />
? Squalus (Carcharhinus) broussonetii BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Cuba<br />
? Carcharias (Prionodon) leucos GUICHENOT 1850 t/l; Algeria.<br />
Squalus (Prionodon) platyodon POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba<br />
Squalus (Prionodon) obtusus POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) zambezensis PETERS 1852 t/l; Zambezi R.,E. Africa.<br />
Eulamia nicaraguensis GILL & BRANSFORD 1877 t/l; Lake Nicaragua.<br />
? Carcharias murrayi GUNTHER 1883 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan.<br />
? Carcharias (Prionodon) siamensis STEINDACHNER 1896 t/l; Mouths <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Irrawaddy, Rangoon.<br />
Carcharhinus azureus GILBERT & STARKS 1904 t/l; Panama Bay, Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
74
Carcharias zambesensis BOULENGER 1909 (emendation)<br />
Carcharias spenceri OGILBY 1911 t/l; Brisbane River, Australia.<br />
Galeolamna (Bogimba) bogimba WHITLEY 1943 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Queensland<br />
Galeolamna greyi mckaili WHITLEY 1945 t/l; Swan River, Western Australia.<br />
Carcharhinus vanrooyeni J.L.B. SMITH 1958 t/l; Natal, S.Africa.<br />
Range; Tropical inshore waters worldwide as well as lakes,rivers, estuaries. Found far up <strong>the</strong><br />
Amazon, in <strong>the</strong> Mississippi & Atchafalaya Rivers, Zambezi, Lake Nicararagua and Izbal in Central<br />
America, and Lake Jamoer, New Guinea.<br />
W.Atlantic North Carolina to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil. Occasionally New York. East Atlantic; Morocco to<br />
Angola.<br />
Indo-Pacific; Natal to Philippines and Australia.<br />
E. Pacific; Lower California to Peru.<br />
Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> references in <strong>the</strong> literature to gangeticus are thought to refer to leucas.Only three type<br />
specimens are indubitably gangeticus.<br />
FC 00 018021<br />
C. LIMBATUS (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Small Blacktip Shark; Volador;<br />
Carconetta; Blacktip Whaler<br />
Cucuri MARCGRAVE 1648 Hist. rerum nat. Brasil<br />
? Carcharias microps LOWE 1840 t/l; Madeira<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) limbatus VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; No loc.<br />
(Dumeril [1865] gave Martinique & Bahia)<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) pleurotaenia BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java.<br />
? Prionodon cucuri CASTELNAU 1855 t/l; Bahia, Brazil.<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) muelleri STEINDACHNER 1867 (non Carcharias (Physodon) muelleri<br />
MUELLER & HENLE = Scoliodon laticaudus)<br />
Carcharias maculipinna GUNTHER 1868 (non maculipinnis POEY ) ( teeth, Chiapam, Pacific<br />
Guatamala)<br />
Carcharias ehrenbergi KLUNZINGER 1871 t/l; Red Sea<br />
Carcharias abbreviatus (KLUNZINGER 1871) HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea<br />
Carcharias aethalorus JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Carcharias phorcys JORDAN &EVERMANN 1903 t/l; Honolulu, Hawaii.<br />
Carcharhinus natator MEEK & HILDEBRAND 1923 t/l; Panama City, Panama.<br />
Range;W. Atlantic; N.Carolina to S.Brazil. Occasionally to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New England.<br />
E.Atlantic;Mediterranean; Madeira;Cape Verdes;Senegal;Cameroon.<br />
E. Pacific; Lower California to Peru.<br />
Indo-Pacific; Red Sea & South Africa to S.China and Australia. Central Pacific around islands.<br />
FC 00 018039<br />
75
C. MACLOTI (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Hardnose Shark<br />
Carcharias (Hypoprion) macloti MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;New Guinea<br />
Range; Scattered records from Gulf <strong>of</strong> Oman and East Africa to China,Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan,Taiwan;<br />
Philippines,New Guinea & New Britain and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia.<br />
FC 00 018025<br />
C. SORRAH (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Spot-tail Shark<br />
Squalus spallanzanii PERON & LeSUEUR 1822 t/l; Terre de Witt, New Holland ( =<br />
N.W.Australia) This is <strong>the</strong> earliest name for <strong>the</strong> species and is recognisable from an illustration, but<br />
<strong>the</strong> name sorrah has been made <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial name due to it's wide acceptance.<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrah VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; "Java;India;<br />
Madagascar". Restricted to Java by Garrick 1982<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) bleekeri DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Pondicherry, India<br />
Carcarias taeniatus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 (lapsus) (n.nud.) t/l; Red Sea<br />
Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) isobel WHITLEY 1947 t/l; Long Island, West Australia.<br />
Range; Red Sea to Mozambique & Madagascar east to Taiwan, S. China, Philippines Western &<br />
BNor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia and New Hebrides.<br />
FC 00 018013<br />
C. AMBLYRHYNCHOS (Bleeker) 1856 Reef Grey Shark<br />
C. amblyrhynchos amblyrhynchos (BLEEKER) 1856<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) amblyrhynchos BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Solombo I.,Java Sea.<br />
Carcharias nesiotes SNYDER 1904 t/l; French Frigate Shoals,Laysan<br />
Carcharinus amblyrhynchus GARMAN 1913 (emendation)<br />
Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) fowleri WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia.<br />
Galeolamna tufiensis WHITLEY 1949 t/l; Port Tufi, New Guinea.<br />
Galeolamna coongoola WHITLEY 1964 t/l; Swain Reefs, Coral Sea, Australia.<br />
Range; Sumatra, S. China & Western Australia east to Society Islands and Hawaii.<br />
FC 00 018030<br />
C. amblyrhynchos wheeleri GARRICK 1982<br />
Carcharhinus wheeleri GARRICK 1982 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Range; Western Indian Ocean from Red Sea to Madagascar & Natal.<br />
C. BORNEENSIS (Bleeker) 1859 Borneo Shark<br />
? Carcharias munsing BLEEKER 1849 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Madura,Java.<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) borneensis BLEEKER 1859 t/l;Singkawang,Borneo (foetus)<br />
Range; Borneo;China; ?Java ?Philippines<br />
C. ACRONOTUS (Poey) 1860 Blacknose Shark<br />
Squalus acronotus POEY 1860 t/l; Cuba ( teeth )<br />
Platypodon acronotus POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) remotus DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Martinique, Lesser Antilles.<br />
? Carcharias sanctithomae ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; St. Thomas, Antilles.<br />
Range; North Carolina to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil.<br />
C. LONGIMANUS (Poey) 1861 Oceanic Whitetip Shark<br />
? Squalus carcharias LINN. 1758 (part) This name is now used for <strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> Carcharodon.<br />
? Squalus sp. GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work)<br />
? Squalus lamia DUHAMEL 1769- 82 (Inadmissible work) t/l; " Nos mers"<br />
? Le Squale requin LACEPEDE 1798<br />
? Squalus (Carcharias) lamia RISSO 1810 (part) (non RAF. 1810 )<br />
Le requin CLOQUET 1816-30<br />
Squalus (Carcharias) maou LESSON 1830 t/l; Society Is., French Polynesia.Collected 1822-23 by<br />
<strong>the</strong> Coquille<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) lamia MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (Med., Atlantic) The first unmistakebly<br />
76
distinct diagnosis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oceanic whitetip from <strong>the</strong> Atlantic.<br />
Squalus (Prionodon) longimanus POEY 1861 t/l; Cuba<br />
Carcharhinus (Prionodon) obtusus GARMAN 1881 ( non Squalus obtusus POEY = leucas )<br />
Carcharias insularum SNYDER 1904 t/l;Between Molokai & Oahu, Hawaiian Is.<br />
Pterolamiops magnipinnis J.L.B. SMITH 1958 t/l; Port Elizabeth, S.Africa.<br />
Pterolamiops budkeri FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar.<br />
Range; Oceanic pelagic worldwide in warm seas. Not in N.Z.<br />
Not certainly in Med., but may occur <strong>the</strong>re.<br />
FC 00 018032<br />
C. SIGNATUS (Poey) 1868 Night Shark<br />
Squalus (Hypoprion) signatus POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba<br />
Hypoprion longirostris POEY 1876 t/l; Antilles<br />
Hypoprion bigelowi CADENAT 1956 t/l; Senegal, West Africa.<br />
Range;W. Atlantic; S. Carolina to Florida & Cuba. Only common <strong>of</strong>f Cuba & Florida. S. Brazil &<br />
Uruguay.<br />
E. Atlantic; Senegal to N. Angola. ? Panama.<br />
C. BRACHYURUS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1870 Copper Shark; Bronze Whaler; Cocktail Shark<br />
Galeolamna greyi OWEN 1853 t/l;South Australia (jaws only)<br />
Carcharias brachyurus GUNTHER 1870<br />
Carcharias lamiella JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; San Diego, California.<br />
Eulamia ahenia STEAD 1938 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Sydney,N.S.W.<br />
Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) eblis WHITLEY 1944 t/l;Western Australia<br />
Carcharhinus improvisus J.L.B. SMITH 1952 t/l; Algoa Bay. South Africa<br />
Carcharhinus rochensis ABELLA 1972 t/l; Uruguay<br />
Carcharhinus remotoides DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1981 t/l; China<br />
Carcharhinus acarenatus MORENOS & HOYAS 1983 t/l; Morocco<br />
Range; Worldwide in warm temperate waters. Amphitemperate but not tropical. New Zealand;<br />
South Australia;Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan and eastern China; South Africa; Argentina; Baja California;<br />
Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic.<br />
FC 00 018001<br />
C. PEREZI (Poey) 1876 Caribbean Reef Shark<br />
Squalus perezii POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba<br />
Eulamia springeri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1944 t/l; Cozumel I., Off Yucatan.<br />
Range; Florida, Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico & Caribbean to Venezuela. S.Brazil.<br />
C. GALAPAGENSIS Snodgrass & Heller 1905 Galapagos Shark<br />
? Carcharias robustus PHILIPPI 1896 t/l; Chile<br />
Carcharias galapagensis SNODGRASS & HELLER 1905 t/l; Galapagos Is.<br />
Range; Lower California to Galapagos & Ecuador. Scattered oceanic island localities in West &<br />
East Atlantic,SW. Indian Ocean and W. & Central Pacific.<br />
FC 00 018040<br />
C. SEALEI (Pietschmann) 1916 Blackspot Shark<br />
Carcharias borneensis SEALE 1910 (non BLEEKER 1859) t/l; Sandakan, Borneo.<br />
Carcharias sealei PIETSCHMANN 1916 (new name for borneensis SEALE, a junior homonym <strong>of</strong><br />
borneensis BLEEKER 1859 )<br />
Platypodon coatesi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Off Queensland, Aus.<br />
Range; S.China to N.Australia. Philippines. S. & W. India. Kenya to Natal.<br />
FC 00 018<br />
C. AMBLYRHYNCHOIDES (Whitley) 1934 Graceful Shark<br />
Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides WHITLEY 1934 t/l; Cape Bowling Green, Queensland, Australia.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden to Indonesia, S. China, Philippines, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia & Papua.<br />
FC 00 018033<br />
77
C. FITZROYENSIS (Whitley) 1943 Creek Whaler<br />
Galeolamna (Uranganops) fitzroyensis WHITLEY 1943 t/l; Fitzroy River, Queensland, Australia.<br />
Range; Queensland & Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia.<br />
FC 00 018035<br />
C. CAUTUS (Whitley) 1945 Nervous Shark<br />
Galeolamna greyi cauta WHITLEY 1945 t/l; Useless Inlet, Sharks Bay,Western Aus.<br />
Range; Queensland,Nor<strong>the</strong>rn & Western Australia.<br />
FC 00 018034<br />
C. ALTIMUS (Springer) 1950 Bignose Shark<br />
Eulamia altima SPRINGER 1950 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Cosgrove Reef, Florida Keys.<br />
Carcharhinus radamae FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar.<br />
? Carcharhinus macrops LIU 1983 Acta zootaxon.sin. 8 (1), 1983 pp. 101-103.<br />
t/l; China.<br />
Range; Tropical west Atlantic from Florida to Venezuela; Lower Califonia to Mexico.Tropical West<br />
Africa; Natal; Madgascar; S. India; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Red Sea; ? S. China; Hawaii;<br />
Off Spain in <strong>the</strong> Mediterranean. Deepwater species.<br />
FC 00 018012<br />
C. TILSTONI (Whitley) 1950 Australian Blacktip Shark<br />
Galeolamna pleurotaenia tilstoni WHITLEY 1950 t/l; Van Cloon Shoal, Western Australia<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn & NW. Australia.<br />
FC 00 018014<br />
C. LEIODON Garrick 1985 Smoothtooth Blacktip Shark<br />
Carcharhinus leiodon GARRICK 1985 t/l;Arabian Sea.<br />
Range; Western Indian Ocean.<br />
Carcharhinus sp. aff. porosus Garric] 1982. Specimen in <strong>the</strong> Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia.<br />
Holotype ANSP 77121 Species from Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo.<br />
Allied to porosus,borneensis & hemiodon but seperable.<br />
Carcharhinus sp. Compagno 1988 False Smalltail Shark<br />
CARCHARHINUS SPECIES DUBIAE<br />
Carcharias javanica VAN HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java (n.nud. unidentifiable).<br />
Carcharias ( Prionodon ) munsing BLEEKER 1849 t/l; Madura, Java.<br />
Carcharias brachyrrhynchus PHILIPPI 1887 (non brachyrhynchos BLEEKER 1856) t/l; Iquique,<br />
Chile.<br />
Carcharias robustus PHILIPPI 1896 t/l; Chile<br />
Carcharias ( Prionodon ) siamensis STEINDACHNER 1896 t/l; Mouths <strong>of</strong> Irrawaddy, Rangoon,<br />
Burma.<br />
Carcharhinus caudalis GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN 1898<br />
Carcharias sanctithomae ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; St.Thomas,Antilles.<br />
Eulamia philippi FOWLER 1930 ( nom. nov. for Carcharias brachyrrhynchus PHILIPPI 1887<br />
Carcharias watu SETNA & SARANGDHAR 1946 t/l; Bombay, India.<br />
Galeolamna sp. WHITLEY 1940 Doughboy Reef, Cronulla, New South Wales. Doughboy Whaler<br />
Genus GLYPHIS Agassiz 1843<br />
(River Sharks)<br />
Glyphis AGASSIZ 1843, type Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis MUELLER & HENLE 1839 by<br />
absolute tautonymy. Glyphis hastalis AGASSIZ (fossil) is not <strong>the</strong> type by monotypy as erroneously<br />
assumed by Fowler (1941) and by Bigelow & Schroeder (1948 ), as <strong>the</strong> plate for hastalis was not<br />
78
published until 1845, thus postdating MUELLER & HENLE 1839.<br />
non Glyphis FOWLER 1928;1941, which equals Prionace CANTOR 1849<br />
The listing <strong>of</strong> this genus is completely nominal.<br />
G. GLYPHIS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Speartooth Shark<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Unknown.<br />
Range; Not known for certain. Until recently <strong>the</strong> original description was all that was known <strong>of</strong> this<br />
species. Holotype in Zool. Mus.,Humboldt University, Berlin.<br />
G. GANGETICUS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Ganges Shark<br />
? Squalus carcharias HAMILTON- BUCHANAN 1822 (Ganges)<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) gangeticus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;" Im Ganges, 60 Stunden<br />
oberhalb des Meers bei Hooghly gefangen " ( 60 hours above <strong>the</strong> sea at Hooghly). Holotype lost.<br />
Syntype MNHN 1144.<br />
? Carcharias murrayi GUNTHER 1883 t/l; Karachi, Pakistan (teeth only) Holotype lost.<br />
? Carcharias (Prionodon) siamensis STEINDACHNER 1896 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Irrawaddy, Rangoon,<br />
Burma. Holotype lost (?)<br />
C. murrayi and siamensis may also represent leucas .<br />
Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> references in <strong>the</strong> literature to gangeticus are thought to refer to leucas. Only three type<br />
specimens are indubitably gangeticus.<br />
Range; Ganges & Hooghly Rivers. ? Karachi ?Burma<br />
.<br />
Glyphis sp. A Australian River Shark<br />
t/l; Bizant River, Queensland, Aus. 2 specimens.Holotype QM. 1. 19719 . Also a third from<br />
Adelaide River, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory, Aus.<br />
(= Glyphis sp. 2 COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1988)<br />
Glyphis sp. B Borneo River Shark<br />
t/l; Kinabatangan river, Sabah, N.E. Borneo<br />
( ? = Glyphis sp. 3 COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1988)<br />
Glyphis sp. C New Guinea River Shark<br />
t/l; Port Romilly, S.E. New Guinea (jaws) holotypesLWF-E-218. Syntype LWF-E-227 from New<br />
Guinea.<br />
( ? = Glyphis sp. 3 COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1988)<br />
.<br />
Genus PRIONACE Cantor 1849<br />
Galeus RONDELET 1554<br />
Cynocephalus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (inadmissible work)<br />
Galeus VALMONT 1768 (inadmissible work) type, Galeus glaucus VALMONT 1768<br />
Carcharias RAFINESQUE 1810 (part) included glaucus.<br />
Squalus (Carcharhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) included glaucus<br />
? Thalassorhinus VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1841, type Thalassorhinus vulpecula<br />
VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1839 = Squalus rondeletii RISSO 1810<br />
Prionodon MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) preocc. by Horsfield (in Mammalia,Viverridae.)<br />
Prionace CANTOR 1849 (Proposed as a substitute for Prionodon M.& H.), type Squalus glaucus<br />
LINN. 1758<br />
Cynocephalus GILL 1862 (Revived by Gill to replace Prionace CANTOR under <strong>the</strong> impression<br />
that Klein's name was an available name from 1775), type Squalus glaucus LINN.1758<br />
Thalassinus MOREAU 1881 (emendation <strong>of</strong> Thalassorhinus VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1841),<br />
type Thalassinus rondeletii MOREAU by monotypy.<br />
P. GLAUCA (Linn.)1758 Blue Shark; Great Blue Shark; Blue Whaler; Janniquin<br />
79
(Canaries); Peau bleu.<br />
Galeus glaucus RONDELET 1554<br />
Galeus glaucus venetianus GESNER 1558<br />
Squalus sp. 13 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Cynocephalus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Squalus glaucus LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo"<br />
Squalus adscensionis OSBECK 1771 t/l; East Indies (Inadmissible work)<br />
Le Glauque BROUSSONET 1780<br />
? Squalus platyrhynchus WALBAUM 1784 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Le Squale Glauque LACEPEDE 1798<br />
? Squalus rondeletii RISSO 1810 (part)<br />
Squalus (Carcharhinus) caeruleus BLAINVILLE 1816 (nom. nud.); 1825 (Mediterranean)<br />
? Galeus thalassinus VALENCIENNES in CUV. 1835<br />
Blue Shark YARRELL 1836<br />
Carcharias ( Prionodon ) hirundinaceus VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;<br />
Brazil.<br />
? Thalassorhinus vulpecula VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE. 1839<br />
Thalassorhinus platyrhynchus M. & H. 1841 (on WALBAUM 1784 )<br />
Thalassorhinus rondeletii GRAY 1851<br />
Thalassinus rondeletii MOREAU 1881<br />
Carcharias pugae PEREZ CANTO 1886 t/l;Chile<br />
Carcharias gracilis PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Chile<br />
? Hypoprion (Hemigaleus) isodus PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Chile<br />
Carcharias aethiops PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Chile<br />
Prionace macki PHILLIPPS 1935 t/l; Lyall Bay, Wellington, N.Z.<br />
Caraharias cyaneus WHITLEY 1938<br />
Range; Worldwide in temperate & tropical seas. Deeper water in tropical regions.<br />
FC 00 018004<br />
Genus LAMIOPSIS Gill 1862<br />
Lamiopsis GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) temmincki MUELLER & HENLE 1839<br />
L. TEMMINCKI (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Broadfin Shark<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) temmincki MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Pondicherry, India.<br />
Carcharhinus tephrodes FOWLER 1905 t/l; Baram, Borneo.<br />
Carcharhinus microphthalmus CHU 1960 t/l; China<br />
Range; Scattered records from Pakistan,India, Burma,Makassar Strait; South China Sea & North<br />
Borneo.<br />
Genus NEGAPRION Whitley 1940<br />
Negaprion WHITLEY 1940, type Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus WHITLEY 1939<br />
Mystidens WHITLEY 1944, type Mystidens innominatus WHITLEY 1944<br />
Hemigaleops SCHULTZ & WELANDER 1953, type Hemigaleops fosteri SCHULTZ &<br />
WELANDER 1953.<br />
N. ACUTIDENS (Ruppell) 1835 Sicklefin Lemon Shark<br />
Carcharias acutidens RUPPELL 1835 t/l;Djedda, Red Sea<br />
Carcharias forskalii KLUNZINGER 1871 in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea<br />
Carcharias munzingeri KOSSMANN & RAUBER 1877 t/l; Red Sea<br />
? Eulamia odontaspis FOWLER 1908 t/l; Probably Indian Ocean. Type lost.<br />
Aprionodon acutidens queenslandicus WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Queensland<br />
Mystidens innominatus WHITLEY 1944 t/l; Western Australia.<br />
Hemigaleops fosteri SCHULTZ & WELANDER 1953 t/l;Reer I., Bikini Atoll.<br />
Odontaspis madagascariensis FOURMANOIR 1961 t/l; Madagascar.<br />
Range; Red Sea suoth to S.Africa, east to Gulf <strong>of</strong> Thailand, Queensland,Solomon Is.,New Caledonia,<br />
Phillipines,Palau Is.,Marshall Is. and Tahiti.<br />
80
FC 00 018029<br />
N. BREVIROSTRIS (Poey) 1868 Atlantic Lemon<br />
Shark<br />
Hypoprion brevirostris POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba.<br />
Carcharias fronto JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Range; N. Carolina to Uruguay. Baja California to Peru.<br />
Genus NASOLAMIA Compagno & Garrick 1983<br />
Nasolamia COMPAGNO & GARRICK 1983, type Carcharhinus velox GILBERT in JORDAN &<br />
EVERMANN 1898<br />
N. VELOX (Gilbert in Jordan & Evermann) 1898 Whitenose Shark; Pico<br />
Blanco<br />
Carcharhinus velox GILBERT in JORDAN & EVERMANN 1898 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Range; E. Pacific from S.Baja California to Gulf <strong>of</strong> California & Peru.<br />
Tribe RHIZOPRIONODONTINI<br />
Genus RHIZOPRIONODON Whitley 1929<br />
Rhizoprion OGILBY 1915, type Carcharias (Scoliodon) crenidens KLUNZINGER 1871 ( = acutus<br />
)<br />
Rhizoprionodon WHITLEY 1939 (Replacement name for Rhizoprion OGILBY 1915, preoccupied),<br />
type Carcharias ( Scoliodon ) crenidens KLUNZINGER 1871 ( = acutus )<br />
Protozygaena WHITLEY 1940, type Physodon taylori OGILBY 1915<br />
R. ACUTUS ( Ruppell ) 1835 Milk Shark; Whiteye Shark; Longman's Shark<br />
? Carcharias fissidens BENNETT 1830 t/l; Atlantic coast <strong>of</strong> North Africa.<br />
Carcharias acutus RUPPELL 1835 t/l;Djedda, Red Sea.<br />
? Carcharias (Prionodon) sorrakowah BLEEKER 1853 (ref.)<br />
Carcharias (Scoliodon) walbeehmi BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Rio, Bintong I., Indonesia.<br />
Carcharias (Scoliodon) crenidens KLUNZINGER 1871 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Carcharias aaronis HILGENDORF 1899 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Scoliodon longmani OGILBY 1912 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland<br />
Scoliodon vagatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Zanzibar.<br />
Carcharias eumeces PIETSCHMANN 1913 t/l; Cameroon.<br />
Range; E.Atl; Madeira & NW Africa to Angola.<br />
Indo-Pacific; Red Sea south to S. Africa, east to Japan, Taiwan, Philippines south to Queensland.<br />
FC 00 018006<br />
R. TERRAENOVAE (Richardson) 1836 Atlantic Sharpnose Shark<br />
? Squalus punctatus MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York<br />
Squalus (Carcharias) terraenovae RICHARDSON 1836 t/l; Newfoundland<br />
Range; N. Carolina to Yucatan, occasionally north to Bay <strong>of</strong> Fundy.<br />
R. LALANDII (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1839 Brazilian Sharpnose Shark<br />
Carcharias (Scoliodon) lalandii VALENCIENNES in M.&H. 1839 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br />
Scoliodon intermedius GARMAN 1913 ( t/l; " Philippines; East Indies " in error)<br />
Range; Panama to S. Brazil in Western Atlantic. Martinique; Guadaloupe.<br />
R. POROSUS (Poey) 1860 Caribbean Sharpnose Shark<br />
Squalus porosus POEY 1860 t/l; Cuba ( teeth )<br />
Scoliodon porosus POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba<br />
81
Range;Insular chain <strong>of</strong> Antilles from Bahamas to continental coast south to Uruguay.Also continental<br />
coast <strong>of</strong> Yucatan to Venezuela.<br />
R. LONGURIO (Jordan & Gilbert) 1882 Pacific Sharpnose Shark<br />
Carcharias (Scoliodon) longurio JORDAN & GILBERT 1882 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Range;East Pacific from S.California to Peru.<br />
R. TAYLORI (Ogilby) 1915 Australian Sharpnose Shark; Taylor's Shark<br />
Physodon taylori OGILBY 1915 t/l; Townsville,Queensland<br />
Range;Queensland to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn & Northwest Australia.<br />
FC 00 018024<br />
R. OLIGOLINX Springer 1964 Grey Sharpnose Shark<br />
Rhizoprionodon (Protozygaena) oligolinx SPRINGER 1964 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Thailand<br />
Range; Persian Gulf to Java. ? Palau Is. ? S. China, ? S.Japan<br />
FC 00 018037<br />
Genus LOXODON Mueller & Henle 1838<br />
Loxodon MUELLER & HENLE 1838, type Loxodon macrorhinus MUELLER & HENLE 1839<br />
L. MACRORHINUS Mueller & Henle 1839 Sliteye Shark; Slender Dogshark; Jordan's Blue<br />
Dogshark<br />
Loxodon macrorhinus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l; Batavia, Java<br />
Carcharias (Scoliodon) dumerili BLEEKER 1856 t/l; Amboina<br />
Carcharias albomarginatus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 (non albimargainatus RUPPELL )<br />
t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Scoliodon jordani OGILBY 1908 t/l; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Queensland<br />
Scoliodon affinis OGILBY 1912 t/l; Noosa Head, Queensland<br />
Scoliodon ceylonensis SETNA & SARANGDHAR 1946 t/l; Ceylon<br />
Range;Red Sea to S. Africa, east to Japan & Philippines and south to Queensland. Mauritius;<br />
Seychelles.<br />
FC 00 018005<br />
Tribe ISOGOMPHODONTINI<br />
Genus ISOGOMPHODON Gill 1862<br />
Isogomphodon GILL 1862, type Carcharias (Prionodon) oxyrhynchus MUELLER & HENLE 1839<br />
I. OXYRHYNCHUS (Mueller & Henle) 1839 Daggernose Shark<br />
Carcharias (Prionodon) oxyrhynchus MUELLER & HENLE 1839 t/l;Surinam<br />
Range; Known certainly only from inshore waters <strong>of</strong> Surinam,Guyana, French Guiana & Trinidad.<br />
Tribe TRIAENODONTINI<br />
Genus TRIAENODON Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Triaenodon MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Carcharias obesus RUEPPELL 1835<br />
T. OBESUS (Rueppell) 1835 Reef Whitetip Shark<br />
Carcharias obesus RUEPPELL 1835 t/l; Djedda, Red Sea.<br />
Triaenodon apicalis WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Queensland, Aus.<br />
Range; Whole Indo-West & Central Pacific region from Red Sea to S.Africa east to eastern Polynesia<br />
incl. Hawaii. Also E.Pacific in Galapagos Is., Cocos Is., Panama & Costa Rica.<br />
FC 00 018038<br />
82
FAMILY SPHYRNIDAE<br />
(Hammerhead Sharks)<br />
Genus SPHYRNA Rafinesque 1810<br />
Subgenus SPHYRNA Rafinesque 1810<br />
Sphyraina ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Libella BELON 1553<br />
Zygaena RONDELET 1554<br />
Cestracion KLEIN 1742 Pisc.Nat. Gedoni 3 p.12 ( non Cestracion SCHAEFFER 1760, CUVIER<br />
1817, OKEN 1817, which are synonyms <strong>of</strong> Heterodontus BLAINVILLE 1816).<br />
Cestracion KLEIN 1776 Neuer Schauplatz Nat. 3 p. 52<br />
83
(Both <strong>the</strong> above works <strong>of</strong> KLEIN are ruled inadmissible in Zoological Nomenclature according to<br />
ICZN Opinion 85,1925 as are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> Walbaum founded upon <strong>the</strong>m.)<br />
Cestracion WALBAUM 1792 (inadmissible work), type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758<br />
Sphyrna RAFINESQUE 1810, type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758<br />
Sphyrnias RAFINESQUE 1815 (Emendation)<br />
Squalus (Cestrorhinus) BLAINVILLE 1816, type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758<br />
Squalus (Zygaena) CUVIER 1817, type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 (Preoccupied by<br />
Fabricius 1775 in Lepidoptera )<br />
Zygoena RISSO 1826 (emendation)<br />
Sphyrichthys THIENEMANN 1828 (substitute for Sphyrna RAFINESQUE 1810)<br />
Zygana SWAINSON 1839 (emendation)<br />
Sphyra VAN der HOEVEN 1855 (emend.)<br />
Cestracion GILL 1862 (non SCHAEFFER 1760, CUVIER 1817 = Heterodontus BLAINVILLE<br />
1816), type Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758<br />
Cestracion GARMAN 1913 (non SCHAEFFER 1760, CUVIER 1817 = Heterodontus BLAINVILLE<br />
1816)<br />
S. ZYGAENA (Linn. ) 1758 Smooth Hammerhead Shark<br />
Sphyraina ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium<br />
Libella BELON 1553<br />
Zygaena RONDELET 1554<br />
Squalus no. 7 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Cestracion sp. KLEIN 1742 Pisc.Nat. Gedoni 3 p.12 ( non Cestracion SCHAEFFER 1760,<br />
CUVIER 1817, OKEN 1817, which are synonyms <strong>of</strong> Heterodontus BLAINVILLE 1816<br />
Squalus zygaena LINNAEUS 1758 (on Zygaena WILLUGHBY 1686 ) Europe & America<br />
Balance Fish BROOKES 1763<br />
Cestracion KLEIN 1776 Neuer Schauplatz Nat. 3 p. 52<br />
84
(Both <strong>the</strong> above works <strong>of</strong> KLEIN are ruled inadmissible in Zoological Nomenclature according to<br />
ICZN Opinion 85,1925 as are <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> Walbaum founded upon <strong>the</strong>m.)<br />
Cornuda PARRA 1777 (Cuba)<br />
Le Marteau DUHAMEL 1769-82 (inadmissible work)<br />
Zygena DUHAMEL 1769-82 (inadmissible work)<br />
Squalus malleus SHAW & NODDER 1795 t/l;Nice<br />
Le Squale Marteau LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Koma sorrah RUSSELL 1803 ( India )<br />
Hammer-headed shark SHAW 1804<br />
Sphyrna zygaena RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
? Squalus (Cestrorhinus) caroliniensis BLAINVILLE 1816 (nom. nud.)<br />
? Squalus (Cestrorhinus) pictus BLAINVILLE 1816 (nom. nud.)<br />
Zygene marteau CLOQUET 1816-30<br />
Zygaena vulgaris CLOQUET 1830<br />
Zygaena subarcuata STORER 1848 t/l; Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts<br />
Hammer-head COUCH 1867<br />
Zygaena peruana PHILIPPI 1887 t/l; Peru<br />
Zygaena zigaena NOBRE 1935 (lapsus)<br />
Range; Tropical and warm temperate Atlantic. Mediterranean. Azores. Madeira. Canaries. Cape<br />
Verde Is. and tropical West Africa to South Africa. Occasionally north to England and Scotland.<br />
New England to Lesser Antilles. S. Brazil round Patagonia to Panama & Galapagos. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn and<br />
Lower California. Hawaii. Sakhalin to S. China. Persian Gulf. S.India. Western Aus., NSW.,Aus.<br />
N.Z.<br />
Worldwide in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn and Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Temperate zones.<br />
FC 00 019004<br />
S. LEWINI (Griffith & Smith) 1834 Scalloped Hammerhead Shark; Golden<br />
Hammerhead<br />
Earliest depiction <strong>of</strong> this species was an illustration by Marcgrave 1648, from Brazil. No Name.<br />
? Zygaena indica VAN HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) Java<br />
Zygaena lewini GRIFFITH & SMITH 1834 t/l; " South Coast <strong>of</strong> New Holland"<br />
Cestracion leeuwinii DAY 1865 (emendation) (India)<br />
Zygaena erythraea KLUNZINGER 1871 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899) t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Cestracion oceanica GARMAN 1913 t/l; Society Islands, French Polynesia.<br />
Sphyrna diplana SPRINGER 1940 t/l; Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi.<br />
Range; Circumtropical worldwide, coastal- pelagic, semi-oceanic.<br />
FC 00 019001<br />
S. MOKARRAN (Ruppell) 1835 Great Hammerhead<br />
Zygaena mokarran RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Massauah, Red Sea<br />
Zygaena dissimilis MURRAY 1887 t/l; Karachi, India<br />
Sphyrna ligo FRASER-BRUNNER 1950 t/l; Clarence River, N.S.W., Australia.<br />
Range; Circumtropical worldwide, coastal- pelagic, semi-oceanic.<br />
FC 00 01900<br />
S. COUARDI Cadenat 1950 Whitefin Hammerhead<br />
Sphyrna couardi CADENAT 1950 t/l; Senegal.<br />
Possibly a valid species or synonym <strong>of</strong> lewini.<br />
Range; Senegal to Congo; Possibly Western Med.<br />
Subgenus PLATYSQUALUS Swainson 1839<br />
Platysqualus SWAINSON 1839, type Squalus tiburo LINNAEUS 1758<br />
Reniceps GILL 1862, type Squalus tiburo LINNAEUS 1758<br />
S. TIBURO (Linn.) 1758 Bonne<strong>the</strong>ad Shark; Shovelnose Shark<br />
Tiburonis species minor MARCGRAVE 1648 t/l; Brazil<br />
Zygaenae affinis capite triangulo WILLUGHBY 1686<br />
85
Cestracion no. 2 KLEIN 1742<br />
Squalus tiburo LINNAEUS 1758 t/l: "Habitat in America"<br />
Le Pantoufflier BROUSSONET 1780<br />
Round-headed Zygaena SHAW & NODDER 1795<br />
Squale carolinien BOSC 1803 (Carolina)<br />
Heart-headed shark SHAW 1804<br />
Sphyrna vespertina SPRINGER 1940 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Range;Western Atlantic from North Carolina to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil, occasionally north as far north as<br />
Maine.<br />
Eastern Pacific from S.California to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Peru.<br />
Subgenus MESOZYGAENA Compagno 1988<br />
Mesozygaena COMPAGNO 1988, type Sphyrna corona SPRINGER 1940<br />
S. TUDES (Valenciennes) 1822 Smalleye Hammerhead<br />
Zygaena tudes CUVIER 1817 (ref. only)<br />
Zygaena tudes VALENCIENNES 1822 t/l; " Nice, Med.;Cayenne;Coromandel"<br />
Sphyrna chiereghini NARDO 1847 t/l; Venice, Italy<br />
Sphyrna bigelowi SPRINGER 1944 t/l; Uruguay and Rio de Janeiro<br />
Range; Tropical West Atlantic Venezuela to Uruguay. Not in Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Western Med. is dubious. See Compagno FAO Species Cat., 1984 p. 553 for discussion.<br />
S. CORONA Springer 1940 Scalloped Bonne<strong>the</strong>ad<br />
Sphyrna tudes JORDAN & EVERMANN 1896 (part) (non VALENCIENNES )<br />
Sphyrna corona SPRINGER 1940 t/l; Panama (Pacific Coast)<br />
Range; Eastern Pacific from Chiapas, Mexico to Ecuador.<br />
S. MEDIA Springer 1940 Scoophead Shark<br />
Sphyrna tudes JORDAN 1895 (non VALENCIENNES )<br />
Sphyrna media SPRINGER 1940 t/l;Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Sphyrna nana SADOWSKY 1964 t/l; Brazil.<br />
Range; Eastern Pacific from Gulf <strong>of</strong> California to Ecuador. Western Atlantic from Nicaragua to S.<br />
Brazil.<br />
Sphyrna sp. Johnson 1978 cf. media Squarehead<br />
Shark<br />
Potentially unidentified species in French Polynesia close to media but much larger.<br />
Genus EUSPHYRA Gill 1862<br />
Eusphyra GILL 1862, type Zygaena blochii CUVIER 1817<br />
E. BLOCHII (Cuvier) 1817 Winghead Shark; Slender<br />
Hammerhead<br />
Squalus zygaena BLOCH 1785 (non LINN.) ? India.<br />
86
Zygaena blochii CUVIER 1817 t/l; None (Sumatra according to Bennett 1830)<br />
Zygaena platycephala VAN HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java.<br />
Zygaena laticeps CANTOR 1837 t/l; Calcutta.<br />
Range; Persian Gulf to Taiwan and Philippines, south to tropical Australia. FC 00 019003<br />
SUPERORDER BATOIDEA<br />
87
ORDER PRISTIFORMES<br />
(Sawfish)<br />
FAMILY PRISTIDAE<br />
Genus PRISTIS Linck 1790<br />
Subgenus PRISTIS Linck 1790<br />
Pristes PLINY<br />
Pristis KLEIN 1775 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Pristis LINCK 1790 type, Squalus pristis LINN. 1758<br />
Pristobatus BLAINVILLE 1816, type Pristis antiquorus LATHAM 1794 = Squalus pristis LINN.<br />
1758<br />
Pristobatis BLAINVILLE 1816 (emendation)<br />
Pristobatys BLAINVILLE 1816 (emendation)<br />
? Myriosteon GRAY 1864, type Myriosteon higginsii GRAY 1864 (fragment <strong>of</strong> saw)<br />
Eopristis STROMER 1905, type Pristis ( Eopristis ) reinachi STROMER 1905<br />
(Fossil)<br />
P. PECTINATA Latham 1794 Smalltooth Sawfish; Wide Sawfish<br />
Pristes PLINY<br />
Pristis sive serra CLUSIUS 1605 Exoticorum. Earliest modern reference to a European<br />
Sawfish..<br />
? Squalus pristis LINN. 1758 t/l; " Oceano Europaeao "<br />
Vivelle, ou Poisson a scie DuHAMEL 1782 ( Inadmissible work) ( South <strong>of</strong> France)<br />
Saegefisch BLOCH 1785<br />
Pes de espada PARRA 1787 (Cuba)<br />
Squalus pristis BONN. 1788<br />
Pristis pectinatus LATHAM 1794 t/l; "In oceano" (Cayenne according to M. & H. 1841)<br />
Pristis antiquorum LATHAM 1794 (no loc.)<br />
Le Squale Scie LAC. 1798 (West Africa)<br />
Squalus granulosa BL. & SCHN. 1801 ( On Parra 1787 ) t/l; Havana, Cuba.<br />
Pristis serra BL. & SCHN. 1801 (no loc.)<br />
Pristis canaliculata BL. & SCHN. 1801 (no loc.)<br />
Pristis mississippiensis RAFINESQUE 1820 t/l; Lower Mississippi<br />
Pristis megalodon DUMERIL 1865 No loc.<br />
Pristis acutirostris DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Antilles.<br />
Pristis occa DUMERIL 1865 t/l; No loc.<br />
Pristis brevirostris DUM. 1865 t/l; Reunion I..W. Indian Ocean.<br />
Pristis woermanni FISCHER 1884 t/l; West Africa<br />
Pristis annandalei CHAUDHURI 1908 t/l; Burma.<br />
? Pristis typica HOFFMAN 1929 t/l; Cuba.<br />
Range; E. Atlantic:Med. to Equatorial West Africa.<br />
W. Atlantic: N. Florida to Mid Brazil.<br />
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to S. Africa and east to Philiipines.<br />
E. Pacific: Off Mexico.<br />
FC 00 025005<br />
P. ZIJSRON Bleeker 1851 Green Sawfish<br />
Pristis zijsron BLKR. 1851 t/l; Bandjermassing, Borneo. (Rivers)<br />
Pristis zysron BLKR. 1852 t/l; Bandjermassing, Borneo.<br />
Pristis dubius BLKR. 1852 t/l; East Indies.<br />
Pristis leptodon DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Pristis zisron TIRANT 1929 t/l; Cochin China.<br />
Range; Red Sea to Indo-China, Indonesia and Queensland. FC 00 025001<br />
P. CLAVATA Garman 1906 Dwarf Sawfish<br />
88
Pristis clavata GARMAN 1906 t/l; Queensland, Australia.<br />
Range; Queensland, Australia.<br />
FC 00 025004<br />
Subgenus PRISTIOPSIS Fowler 1905<br />
Pristiopsis FOWLER 1905, type Pristis perotteti M.& H. 1841 = P. microdon LATHAM 1794<br />
P. MICRODON Latham 1794 Largetooth Sawfish; Freshwater Sawfish.<br />
Galeus sp. KLEIN 1742 Hist. pisc. 3, p. 12 fig. 1-2<br />
Pristis microdon LATHAM 1794 t/l; Batavia according to Bleeker (rostrum only)<br />
Pristis microdon MUELLER & HENLE 1841<br />
?Pristis perotteti VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; Senegal (Freshwater)<br />
?Pristis zephyreus JORDAN & STARKS 1895 t/l; Rio Presidio, Gulf <strong>of</strong> California and Mazatlan,<br />
Mexico.<br />
Pristiopsis leichhardti WHITLEY 1945 t/l; River Lynd, Queensland, Australia.<br />
Range; A mainly freshwater species found from East Africa to Indonesia and Australia.<br />
Tropical east and west Atlantic if P. perotteti is a synonym.<br />
Tropical east Pacific if P. zephyreus is a synonym.<br />
FC 00 025003<br />
Genus Pristis Subgenus unplaced<br />
Pristis sp. HEIKO BLEHER 1995 t/l; Rio Sambu in Darien (Panama) Aqua Geographia vol. 8, p.<br />
42.(illlus.)<br />
Probable new species <strong>of</strong> freshwater sawfish.<br />
Genus ANOXYPRISTIS White & Moy-Thomas 1941<br />
Oxypristis HOFFMAN 1912 (preoccupied ), type Pristis cuspidatus LATHAM 1794<br />
Anoxypristis WHITE & MOY-THOMAS 1941, new name for Oxypristis HOFFMAN 1912,<br />
preoccupied.<br />
A. CUSPIDATA ( Latham ) 1794 Narrow Sawfish; Pointed Sawfish<br />
Pristis cuspidatus LATHAM 1794 t/l; Sumatra acc. to M.& H.<br />
Squalus semisagittatus SHAW 1804 "Indian Seas".<br />
? Pristobatus emarginatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.)<br />
Range; India to Australia.<br />
FC 00 025002<br />
ORDER RHINOBATIFORMES<br />
89
(Guitarfish; Fiddler Rays; Banjo Rays)<br />
FAMILY RHINIDAE<br />
Genus RHINA Bloch & Schnneider 1801<br />
Rhina BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 type R. ancylostomus B. & S. 1801<br />
Demiurga GISTEL 1848 ( proposed replacement ) type R.ancylostomus B. & S. 1801<br />
Rhamphobatis GILL 1862 type R.ancylostomus B. & S. 1801<br />
NOT Rhina SCHAEFFER 1760,an inadmissible work with no species mentioned and now thought to<br />
be a synonym <strong>of</strong> Squatina A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806.<br />
NOT Rhina KLEIN 1775, in an inadmissible work and now thought to be a synonym <strong>of</strong> Squatina<br />
A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806.<br />
NOT Rhina WALBAUM 1792,an inadmissible work and based on KLEIN 1775,a synonym <strong>of</strong><br />
Squatina A.M.C. DUMERIL 1806<br />
See discussion <strong>of</strong> status <strong>of</strong> Rhina in Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 & 1953.<br />
R. ANCYLOSTOMA Bloch & Schnneider 1801 Bowmouth Guitarfish; Sharkray; Mudskate.<br />
Rhina ancylostomus BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Coromandel Coast <strong>of</strong> India.<br />
Rhina anchylostoma Van HASSELT 1823 t/l; Java.<br />
Rhina cyclostomus SWAINSON 1839<br />
Range;Red Sea south to Natal,S.Africa and east to Japan,Queensland,Melanesia and <strong>the</strong> Philippines.<br />
FC 00 026002<br />
90
Genus RHYNCHOBATUS Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Rhynchobatus M. & H. 1837, type Rhinobatus laevis BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
Rhynchobatis M. & H. 1841, type Rhinobatus laevis BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
R. DJIDDENSIS (Forskal) 1775 Giant Guitarfish; White-spotted Wedgefish<br />
Raja djiddensis FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Djidda and Lohaja, Red Sea.<br />
Rhinobatus ou Squatino-Raia DUHAMEL 1782<br />
Raie bokhat LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Raie rhinobate LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Walawah Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India.<br />
? Rhinobatus laevissimus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud )<br />
Rhinobatus djeddensis RUPPELL 1828 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Rhinobatus djettensis RUPPELL 1835<br />
Rhinobates ruppellii SWAINSON 1838<br />
? Rhynchobatis djiddensis TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL 1850. t/l; Japan. NOT Raja djiddensis<br />
FORSKAL 1775 according to Besednov 1966.<br />
? Rhinobatus jaram MONTROUZIER 1856 t/l; Woodlark Island, Louisade Archipelago.<br />
Range; Red Sea and Western India Ocean south to Natal and east to Australia,Melanesia and Japan.<br />
FC 00 026001<br />
R. LAEVIS (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Smoothnose Wedgefish<br />
Rhinobatus laevis BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Tranquebar, India.<br />
Range; India<br />
R. LUEBBERTI Ehrenbaum 1914 African or Spikenose Wedgefish<br />
Rhynchobatus lubberti EHRENBAUM 1914 t/l; Tropical West Africa.<br />
Rhynchobatus atlanticus REGAN 1915 t/l; Lagos.<br />
Range; Tropical West Africa.<br />
R. YENTINENSIS Wang 1933<br />
Rhynchobatus yentinensis WANG 1933 t/l; Wenchow, China.<br />
Range; Wenchow, China.<br />
R. AUSTRALIAE Whitley 1939 White-spotted Shovelnose Ray<br />
Rhynchobatus djiddensis australiae WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Australia.<br />
Range;Australia.<br />
Rhynchobatus sp. COMPAGNO Broadnose Wedgefish<br />
Rhynchobatus sp. COMPAGNO Roughnose Wedgefish<br />
91
FAMILY RHINOBATIDAE<br />
Genus RHINOBATOS Linck 1790<br />
Rhinobatos ARISTOTLE<br />
Rhinobates JOVIUS 1524<br />
Rhinobatos WOTTON 1552<br />
Rhinobatus RONDELET 1554<br />
Rhinobatus sive squatinoraia FABIUS COLUMNA 1592<br />
Rhinobatus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (Inadmissible work) type, Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 (assumed<br />
tautotype)<br />
Leiobatus KLEIN 1742; 1775 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Rhinobatos LINCK 1790 Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 (assumed tautotype)<br />
Rhinobatus WALBAUM 1792 on KLEIN 1775 (Inadmissible work) type, Raja rhinobatos LINN.<br />
1758 (assumed tautotype)<br />
Leiobatus WALBAUM 1792 on KLEIN 1775 ( Inadmissible work)<br />
Rhinobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 type, Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758<br />
Leiobatus RAFINESQUE 1810 type, Leiobatus panduratus RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
( = R.. rhinobatos), not precluded by KLEIN and WALBAUM. Used as a subgenus by Fowler 1941,<br />
following Norman 1926, but no type designated. If panduratus is rhinobatos this cannot be used as<br />
Rafinesque 1810. is fully available.<br />
Squatinoraja NARDO 1824, type Squatinoraja colonna NARDO 1824 (= Rhinobatos columnae<br />
BONAPARTE = Raja rhinobatos LINN. )<br />
Rhinobatis BLAINVILLE 1825, type Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758<br />
Leiobatis BLAINVILLE 1825, type Leiobatus panduratus RAF. 1810 ( = Raja rhinobatos LINN.<br />
1758)<br />
Rhinobates SWAINSON 1839 type Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758<br />
Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) type, Rhinobatus columnae<br />
BONAPARTE 1836 (= rhinobatos) by subsequent designation <strong>of</strong> J.R. Norman 1966 (Manuscript).<br />
Mueller & Henle also included blochii, annulatus (in Rhinobatos), brevirostris (now Zapteryx),<br />
banksii and bougainvillii (now Aptychotrema).<br />
Glaucostegus BONAPARTE 1846 type Rhinobatus cemiculus ST. HILAIRE 1817<br />
Squatiniraja AGASSIZ 1846 ( emendation <strong>of</strong> NARDO )<br />
Rhinobatus (Acroteriobatis) GILTAY 1928, type Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) annulatus M.&H. 1841<br />
Subgenus ACROTERIOBATIS<br />
Rhinobatos (Scobatus) WHITLEY 1939, type Rhinobatus granulatus BLAINV. 1816.<br />
Rhinobatos (Platypornax) WHITLEY 1939, type Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) thouini M.& H. 1841.<br />
Group I (Subgenus RHINOBATUS)<br />
A1a rhinobatos<br />
A1b hynnicephalus<br />
A2a schlegeli<br />
A2b holcorhynchus<br />
Group 2 (Subgenus ACROTERIOBATIS)<br />
A3a annulatus<br />
A3b leucospilus<br />
A3c zanzibarensis<br />
A4 blochii<br />
Group 3<br />
B1a halavi<br />
B1b cemiculus<br />
B2a typus<br />
B2b microphthalmus<br />
B3 obtusus<br />
B4a percellens<br />
B4b horkelii<br />
92
B5 productus<br />
Group 4 (Subgenus SCOBATUS)<br />
C1 granulatus<br />
Group 5 (Subgenus PLATYPORNAX)<br />
D1 thouin<br />
UNGROUPED AMERICAN SPP.<br />
E1a leucorhynchus<br />
E1b glaucostigma<br />
E2 lentiginosus<br />
F1 planiceps<br />
Planiceps is <strong>the</strong> most aberrant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remaining 4 American spp. They all seem closest to group 1<br />
except planiceps which seems close to blochii . Leucorhynchus and glaucostigma are very close to<br />
each o<strong>the</strong>r.<br />
UNGROUPED OLD WORLD SPP.<br />
variegatus<br />
punctifer<br />
Rhinobatos sp. COMPAGNO & RANDALL Oman<br />
Rhinobatos sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Australia<br />
Group 1 (Subgenus RHINOBATUS)<br />
R. RHINOBATOS (Linn.) 1758 Whitespot Spinyback Guitarfish; Violinfish<br />
Rhinobatos ARISTOTLE Historia Animalium. Aristotle considered it to be a hybrid between Rhine<br />
( The Monkfish ) and Batos ( some kind <strong>of</strong> skate )<br />
Rhinobates JOVIUS 1524 Romanis piscibus<br />
Rhinobatos WOTTON 1552<br />
Rhinobatus RONDELET 1554; SALVIANI 1554<br />
Rhinobatus sive Squatinoraia cemicula FABIUS COLUMNA 1592; Phytobasanos 1744 edition<br />
Raia No. 1 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja rhinobatos LINN. 1758 t/l; Genoa and Venice.<br />
Raia dorso dipterygia GRONOVIUS 1763<br />
Rhinobatus rhinobatus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801<br />
Leiobatus panduratus RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
? Squatinoraja colonna NARDO 1824<br />
Rhinobatis duhameli BLAINVILLE 1825 ( Med.)<br />
Rhinobatus columnae BONAPARTE 1836 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Italy<br />
Rhinobatos albomaculatus NORMAN 1930 t/l; Gold Coast, West Africa.<br />
Rhinobatos irvinei NORMAN 1931 t/l; Gold Coast, West Africa.<br />
Range; Eastern Atlantic, from Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay and <strong>the</strong> western Mediterranean to <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> Guinea.<br />
R. HYNNICEPHALUS Richardson 1846 Ringstraked Guitarfish<br />
R. hynnicephalus hynnicephalus RICHARDSON 1846<br />
Rhinobatus hynnicephalus RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Canton, China.<br />
Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) polyophthalmus BLEEKER 1854 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan.<br />
Range; S. China, Japan<br />
R.. hynnicephalus annandalei NORMAN 1926<br />
Rhinobatus annandalei NORMAN 1926 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hooghli, India.<br />
Rhinobatus lionotus NORMAN 1926 t/l;Mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hooghli, India.<br />
Range; India; Ceylon.<br />
Range; Japan to Ceylon.<br />
93
R. SCHLEGELI M. & H. 1841 Brown Smooth Guitarfish<br />
R. schlegeli schlegeli MUELLER & HENLE 1841<br />
Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) schlegelii M. & H. 1841 t/l;Nagasaki, Japan.<br />
Rhinobatus schlegel JORD. & FOWLER 1903 (emendation)<br />
R. schlegeli formosensis NORMAN 1926<br />
Rhinobatus formosensis NORMAN 1926 t/l; Taiwan (Formosa)<br />
Range <strong>of</strong> species; Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines.<br />
R. HOLCORHYNCHUS Norman 1922 Slender Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus holcorhynchus NORMAN 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Africa.<br />
Range; Natal from Port Shepstone to KwaZulu , S Africa. Endemic.<br />
Group 2 (Subgenus ACROTERIOBATIS)<br />
R. ANNULATUS M. & H. 1841 Annulated Guitarfish: South African Lesser Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) annulatus M. & H. 1841 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope, S Africa.<br />
Rhinobatus natalensis FOWLER 1925 t/l; Natal.<br />
Range; S. Africa from Central Natal to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Namibia.Endemic.<br />
Cape form: Annular markings.<br />
Natal form: Large dark spots.<br />
R. LEUCOSPILUS Norman 1926 Greyspot<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus leucospilus NORMAN 1926 t/l;Durban, Natal.<br />
Range; Central Transkei and Natal, S.Africa. Endemic.<br />
R. ZANZIBARENSIS Norman 1926 Speckled Guitarfish<br />
R.. zannibarensis zannibarensis NORMAN 1926<br />
Rhinobatus zanzibarensis NORMAN 1926 t/l; Zanzibar.<br />
Range; Zanzibar, East Africa.<br />
R. zannibarensis ocellatus NORMAN 1926<br />
Rhinobatus ocellatus NORMAN 1926 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Bird Island, Algoa Bay, S. Africa.<br />
Range; Known from only 3 specimens from <strong>the</strong> type locality. Endemic.<br />
Species range; Zanzibar. Algoa Bay, South Africa.<br />
R. BLOCHII M. & H. 1841 Bluntnose<br />
Guitarfish.<br />
Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) blochii M. & H. 1841 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope, S Africa.<br />
Range; Cape Point to Walvis Bay,S.Africa.Endemic.<br />
(Questionable if this bluntnose sp. is placeable here)<br />
R. SALADAH Randall & Compagno 1995 Oman<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatos ( Acroteriobatos ) saladah RANDALL & COMPAGNO 1995 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Saladah, Sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Oman.<br />
Group 3<br />
R. HALAVI (Forskal) 1775 Halavi Ray<br />
Raja halavi FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Djedda, Red Sea.<br />
Range; Red Sea east to China, Indonesia & Philippines Med. coast <strong>of</strong> Egypt via Suez Canal.<br />
R. CEMICULUS St. Hilaire 1817 Blackchin Guitarfish<br />
Raja rhinobatos SHAW 1804 (non LINN.)<br />
94
Rhinobatus cemiculus ST. HILAIRE 1817 (non FABIUS COLUMNA 1592) t/l; Med. coast <strong>of</strong><br />
Egypt.<br />
Rhinobatus rasus GARMAN 1908 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Guinea.<br />
Rhinobatos congolensis GILTAY 1928 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> Congo.<br />
Rhinobatos petiti CHABANAUD 1929 t/l; Madagascar.<br />
Range; Med.( Egypt) to Congo, tropical West Africa. Madagascar.<br />
R. TYPUS Bennett 1830 Giant Shovelnose<br />
Ray<br />
Rhinobatus typus BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra.<br />
Rhinobatus armatus GRAY in HARDWICKE 1832-34 t/l; India.<br />
Rhinobatos batillum WHITLEY 1939 t/l; North West Australia.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn India & Ceylon east to nor<strong>the</strong>rn half <strong>of</strong> Australia and Solomon Is.<br />
FC 00 027010<br />
R. MICROPHTHALMUS Teng 1959 Smalleye Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatos microphthalmus TENG 1959 t/l; Taiwan.<br />
Range; Taiwan.<br />
R. OBTUSUS Mueller & Henle 1841 Widenose Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) obtusus M. & H. 1841 t/l;Pondicherry & Malabar, India.<br />
Range; India east to Indonesia. South African records refer to R. blochii<br />
R. PERCELLENS ( Walbaum ) 1792 Western Atlantic Guitarfish<br />
Raja percellens WALBAUM 1792 (Based on description <strong>of</strong> Marcgrave in Nat. Hist. <strong>of</strong> Brazil<br />
1648) t/l; Brazil.<br />
Rhinobatus electricus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Marcgrave)<br />
Rhinobatus glaucostictus OLFERS 1831 t/l;Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br />
Rhinobatus undulatus OLFERS 1831 t/l;Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br />
Rhinobatus marcgravii HENLE 1834<br />
? Rhinobatus stellio JORD. & EVERMANN 1896 (n. nud.)<br />
? Rhinobatus stellio JORD. & RUTTER 1897 t/l; Jamaica.<br />
Rhinobatus pellucens FOWLER 1916 (error) Trinidad.<br />
Range; North Carolina to N. Argentina.<br />
(stellio if distinct, from N. Carolina to Yucatan)<br />
Rec. from West Africa, Dahomey and mouth <strong>of</strong> Congo.<br />
R. HORKELI M. & H. 1841 Brazilian Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) horkelii M. & H. 1841 t/l; Bahia, Brazil.<br />
Range; Central Brazil to Lesser Antilles.<br />
R. PRODUCTUS Girard 1855 California Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus productus GIRARD 1855 t/l; San Francisco, California.<br />
Range; Central California to Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Group 4 (subgenus SCOBATUS)<br />
R. GRANULATUS Cuvier 1829 Sharpnose Granulated<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Raja rhinobatos BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (non LINN.) (Coromandel, India and Red Sea)<br />
Suttiwarah RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India.<br />
? Rhinobatus russellianus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
? Rhinobatus granulatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
Rhinobatus granulatus CUVIER 1829 t/l; No loc.; Tranquebar and Pondicherry according to M.&<br />
H. 1841<br />
Rhinobatus tuberculatus CUVIER 1829 (On Russell ) Type locality Bengal according to Bleeker<br />
1852.<br />
95
? Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) philippi MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; No loc.<br />
? Rhinobatus spinosus GUNTHER 1870 t/l; " Mexico".Type locality considered erroneous by<br />
Bigelow & Schroeder (1953)<br />
Rhinobatus acutus GARMAN 1908 t/l; Ceylon.<br />
Range; Red Sea to India & China. NSW., Australia.<br />
Group 5 (subgenus PLATYPORNAX)<br />
`<br />
R. THOUIN ( Anon. ) 1798 Thouin Ray; Clubnose Guitarfish<br />
Raja thouin ANON. 1798 ( Allg. Lit.- Zeit Vol. 3 ) No loc.<br />
La raie thouin LAC. 1798 ( Loc. unknown)<br />
Raja thouinianus SHAW 1804 ( Mus. Prince <strong>of</strong> Orange ) (On LAC. )<br />
? Rhinobatus coromandelicus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n.nud.)<br />
Rhinobatus thouini VAN HASSELT 1823 (n.nud.) t/l; Java.<br />
Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) ligonifer CANTOR 1849 t/l; Penang.<br />
Rhynchobatus thonini DUNCKER 1904 (error)<br />
Range; Western Thailand south to Indonesia and east to South Vietnam.<br />
UNGROUPED AMERICAN SPECIES<br />
R. LEUCORHYNCHUS Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1866 Whitesnout Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobates leucorhynchus GUNTHER 1866 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
Range; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Central America.<br />
R. PLANICEPS Garman 1880 Fla<strong>the</strong>ad<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus planiceps GARMAN 1880 t/l; Payta & Callao, Peru.<br />
Range; Peru and Galapagos Is.<br />
R. LENTIGINOSUS Garman 1880 Freckled<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatus lentiginosus GARMAN 1880 t/l; Florida.<br />
Range; N. Carolina to Yucatan.<br />
R. GLAUCOSTIGMA Jordan & Gilbert 1883 Slaty- spotted Guitarfsh<br />
Rhinobatus glaucostigma JORD. & GILB. 1883 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
? Rhinobatos sp. KUMADA & HIYAMA 1937 t/l; West coast <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Range; Lower California to Ecuador.<br />
R. PRAHLI Acero & Franke 1995 Prahl’s<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatos prahli ACERO & FRANKE 1995 t/l; Gorgona Natl. Park, Pacific Coast <strong>of</strong> Colombia.<br />
UNGROUPED OLD WORLD SPECIES<br />
R. VARIEGATUS Nair 1973 Stripenose<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatos variegatus NAIR 1973 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Manaar and Cocos- Keeling Basin,Indian Ocean.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Manaar and Cocos- Keeling Basin,Indian Ocean.<br />
R. PUNCTIFER Compagno & Randall 1987 Red Sea Spotted<br />
Guitarfish<br />
96
Rhinobatos punctifer COMPAGNO & RANDALL 1987 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Range; Red Sea.<br />
Rhinobatos sp. COMPAGNO & RANDALL Oman<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatos sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 Goldeneye Shovelnose Ray<br />
Rhinobatos sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984<br />
Rhinobatos sp. 1 SAINSBURY, KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Rhinobatos sp. 2 SAINSBURY ,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Rhinobatos sp. ALLEN & SWAINSON 1988<br />
Rhinobatos sp. A Last & Stevens 1993<br />
Range;Shelf between Dampier & Broome, NW. Australia.<br />
FC 00 027003<br />
Genus TRYGONORRHINA Mueller & Henle 1841<br />
Trygonorrhina M.& H. 1841, type Trygonorrhina fasciata M. & H. 1841<br />
Also spelt Trygonorhina and Trigonorhina.<br />
T. FASCIATA M.& H. 1841 Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Fiddler Ray<br />
? Rhinobatus fasciatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.)<br />
Raja fasciata BANKS in M. & H. 1841 ( name in synonymy )<br />
Trygonorrhina fasciata M.& H. 1841 t/l; New Holland = Australia.<br />
Rhinobatus dumerili CASTELNAU 1873<br />
Trygonorrhina fasciata guanerius WHITLEY 1932 t/l; Glenelg, South Australia.<br />
Trygonorrhina guanerius WHITLEY 1940<br />
Range; Victoria, S. Aus. and S.W. Aus.<br />
FC 00 027002<br />
T. MELALEUCA Scott 1954 Magpie Fiddler Ray<br />
Trygonorrhina melaleuca SCOTT 1954 t/l; St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia.<br />
Range; St. Vincent's Gulf, South Australia.<br />
FC 00 027008<br />
T. Sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Fiddler Ray<br />
Trygonorrhina fasciata WHITLEY 1940 ( non M. & H. 1841 ) misidentification<br />
Trygonorrhina sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;S. Queensland to Tw<strong>of</strong>old Bay, N.S.W.,Aus.<br />
FC 00 027006<br />
Genus ZAPTERYX Jordan & Gilbert 1880<br />
Rhinobatos ( Syrrhina ) M.&H. 1841 (part) Atypic<br />
Included columnae(= rhinobatos), blochii, annulatus (in Rhinobatos) ,brevirostris(In Zapteryx),<br />
banksii and bougainvillii (in Aptychotrema).<br />
Zapteryx JORD. & GILB. 1880 type Platyrhina exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1880<br />
Syrrhina GARMAN 1881 type Platyrhina exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1880<br />
Z. BREVIROSTRIS ( M.&H. ) 1841 Shortnose Guitarfish<br />
Rhinobatos ( Syrrhina ) brevirostris M.&H. 1841 t/l; Brazil<br />
Platyrhina ( Zapteryx ) brevirostris J. & G. 1880<br />
Range; Brazil.<br />
Z. EXASPERATA ( Jordan & Gilbert ) 1880 Roughskin Guitarfish or Banded Guitarfish<br />
Platyrhina ( Zapteryx ) exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; San Diego, California.<br />
Trigonorhina alveata GARMAN 1881<br />
Syrrhina exasperata JORD. & GILB. 1882 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
97
Rhinobatos exasperatus JORD. 1886 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
Zapteryx xyster JORD. & EV. 1896 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
Xapteryx xyster KUMADA & HIYAMA 1937 (emendation)<br />
Range; San Diego to Panama.<br />
Genus PLATYRHINOIDIS Garman 1881<br />
Platyrhinoidis GARMAN 1881, type Platyrhina triseriata JORD. & GILB. 1880<br />
P. TRISERIATA ( Jordan & Gilbert ) 1880 Thornback<br />
Platyrhina triseriata JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; Santa Barbara, California.<br />
Range;Point Conception, south to Santa Barbara , California.<br />
Genus APTYCHOTREMA Norman 1926<br />
Aptychotrema NORMAN 1926. type Rhinobatus (Syrrhina) bougainvillii VALENCIENNES in M.&<br />
H. 1841 ( = Raja rostrata SHAW & NODDER 1794)<br />
A. ROSTRATA ( Shaw & Nodder ) 1794. Eastern Shovelnose<br />
Ray<br />
Raja rostrata SHAW & NODDER 1794 ( not LAC., and later authors except M.&H. and WHITLEY<br />
) No loc.<br />
Raja rostrata M. & H. 1841<br />
Rhinobatus (Rhinobatus) banksii M.&H.1841 t/l; New Holland = Australia.<br />
Rhinobatus ( Syrrhina ) bougainvillii VALENCIENNES in M.& H. 1841 t/l; Not known.<br />
Rhinobatus ( Syrrhina ) banksii GRAY 1851<br />
Rhinobatus tuberculatus MACLEAY 1882<br />
Aptychotrema banksii NORMAN 1926<br />
Aptychotrema bougainvillii NORMAN 1926<br />
Aptychotrema rostrata WHITLEY 1931<br />
Range;Moreton Bay,Queensland to Jervis Bay, NSW.,Aus.; N.Z.<br />
FC 00 027009<br />
A. VINCENTIANA (Haacke) 1885 Western Shovelnose<br />
Ray<br />
Rhinobatus vincentianus HAACKE 1885 t/l; St. Vincent's Gulf, S. Aus.<br />
Rhinobatas (sic) vincentianus FOWLER 1930<br />
Aptychotrema sp. 1 SAINSBURY KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Range;Sou<strong>the</strong>rn & Western Australia, from Kent Islands, Bass Strait to Port Hedland, N.W.<br />
Australia.<br />
FC 00 027001<br />
Aptychptrema sp. LAST Indonesia.<br />
Aptychptrema Sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Spotted Shovelnose Ray<br />
Aptychotrema sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l; Timor Sea, <strong>of</strong>f Melville I., Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terr., Aus.<br />
Range; Timor Sea, <strong>of</strong>f Melville I., Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terr., Aus.<br />
FC 00 027007<br />
Rhinobatidae Incertae Sedis<br />
Rhinobatus bifurcata BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
Leiobatus britannicus BLAINVILLE 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
98
Rhinobatidae or Rajidae Incertae Sedis<br />
Genus TARSISTES Jordan 1919<br />
Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857 (non Rhynchobatus MUELLER & HENLE) No trivial name<br />
applied.<br />
Tarsistes JORDAN 1919 new mame for Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857, type Tarsistes philippii<br />
JORDAN 1919 sp. n.<br />
T. PHILIPPII Jordan 1919<br />
Rhynchobatis sp. PHILIPPI 1857 t/l; Juan Fernandez, Chile.<br />
Tarsistes philippii JORDAN 1919 new name for <strong>the</strong> above which was based on <strong>the</strong> dried head <strong>of</strong> a<br />
large ray with a long thin flat snout and was not given a trivial name by <strong>the</strong> original author.<br />
FAMILY PLATYRHINIDAE<br />
Genus PLATYRHINA Mueller & Henle 1838<br />
Platyrhina M. & H. 1838, type Rhina sinensis BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
(Not preoccupied by Platyrhinus SCHELLENBERG 1798 in Coleoptera.)<br />
Narcopterus AGASSIZ 1843 type N. bolcanus AGASSIZ 1843 (Fossil)<br />
Analithis GISTEL 1848 ( proposed as a replacement for Platyrhina M.& H., not necessary)<br />
Discobatus GARMAN 1880 ( proposed as a replacement for Platyrhina M.& H., not necessary)<br />
P. SINENSIS ( Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Fanray<br />
La Raie chinoise LAC. 1798 ( China )<br />
Rhina sinensis BL.& SCHN. 1801 t/l; China. (On LAC. 1798)<br />
Narcobatus sinensis BLAINVILLE 1816 ( n. nud.)<br />
Platyrhina sinensis M. & H. 1841 (Japan;China)<br />
Discobatus sinensis GARMAN 1880 ( China )<br />
Discobatis sinensis PIETSCHMANN 1908 ( Japan )<br />
Range; China; Japan.<br />
P. LIMBOONKENGI Tang 1933 Amoy Fanray<br />
Platyrhina limboonkengi TANG 1933 t/l; Amoy, China.<br />
(Also spelt limbomkenyi )<br />
Range; China.<br />
Genus ZANOBATUS Garman 1913<br />
Zanobatus GARMAN 1913, type Platyrhina schoenleini M. & H. 1841<br />
Z. SCHOENLEINI (M. & H.) 1841 Striped Thornback<br />
Guitarfish<br />
Platyrhina schoenleinii M. & H. 1841 t/l; India.<br />
Discobatus schoenleinii GARMAN 1880 ( India )<br />
Zanobatus schoenleinii GARMAN 1911<br />
Range; India.<br />
Z. ATLANTICUS (Chabanaud) 1928 Atlantic Roundhead<br />
Guitarfish<br />
99
Platyrhinoidis atlantica CHABANAUD 1928 t/l; Tropical West Africa.<br />
Range; Tropical West Africa.<br />
ORDER TORPEDINIFORMES<br />
(Electric Rays; Torpedo Rays; Numbfish; Crampfish)<br />
FAMILY TORPEDINIDAE<br />
(Torpedo Rays)<br />
Genus TORPEDO Houttuyn 1764<br />
Subgenus TORPEDO Houttuyn 1764<br />
Torpedo PLINY Nat. Hist, libri 9, 42<br />
Torpedo HOUTTUYN 1764, type Raja torpedo LINN. 1758<br />
Narcacion KLEIN 1742; 1775 (inadmissible work), type Raja torpedo LINN. 1758<br />
Narcobatus BLAINVILLE 1816, type Raja torpedo LINN. 1758<br />
Narcobatis BLAINVILLE 1825 ( emendation )<br />
Narcacion GILL 1862 ( No species mentioned )<br />
Fimbriotorpedo FRITSCH 1886, type Torpedo marmorata RISSO 1810<br />
Eunarce FOWLER 1910,type Torpedo narke RISSO 1810 (? = Raja torpedo LINN.)<br />
T. TORPEDO GROUP<br />
T. TORPEDO (Linn.) 1758 Ocellate Torpedo<br />
Narke ARISTOTLE Hist. Animalium II<br />
Torpedo PLINY, Historia libri 9 42; JOVIUS 1524; WOTTON 1552<br />
Torpedo oculata BELON 1553<br />
Narcacion torpedo KLEIN 1742; 1775 (inadmissible work)<br />
Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 "Sinus Persici et Mare Mediterranaea"(Part, Med. only)<br />
Cramp fish BROOKES 1763<br />
Cramp ray PENNANT 1769<br />
Torpedo narke DELAROCHE 1809 t/l; Ibiza.<br />
Torpedo narke RISSO 1810; 1826 t/l; Nice, France<br />
Torpedo ocellata RAFINESQUE 1810 t/l; Sicily.(New name for R. torpedo LINN. in Med.)<br />
Torpedo unimaculata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice.<br />
100
Torpedo ocellata RUDOLPHI 1821<br />
Raia narce NARDO 1827<br />
Torpedo oculata DAVY 1829 (new name for ocellata RAF.); MUELLER & HENLE 1841<br />
Torpedo narke BONAPARTE 1841 t/l; Italy.<br />
Range;Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay and Med. to Angola.<br />
T. MARMORATA GROUP<br />
T. MARMORATA Risso 1810 Marbled Torpedo<br />
Narce BELON 1553<br />
Torpedo BELON 1553<br />
Torpedo tertia et quarto RONDELET 1554<br />
Torpillo REAUMUR 1714<br />
Raja torpedo LINN. 1758 (Part) t/l; ""Sinus Persici et Mare Mediterranaea". Med. material; only.<br />
Torpedo WALSH 1773<br />
Narcacion KLEIN 1775<br />
Electric Ray PENNANT 1776<br />
Torpillo DUHAMEL 1782<br />
Torpedo marmorata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Torpedo galvani RISSO 1810 ( on Rondelet)<br />
Torpedo immaculata RAF. 1810 t/l;Sicily.<br />
Torpedo punctata RAF. 1810 t/l;Sicily.<br />
Torpedo vulgaris FLEMING 1828 (Ireland & south <strong>of</strong> England)<br />
Torpedo diversicolor DAVY 1834 t/l; Malta.<br />
Torpedo picta LOWE 1843 t/l; Madeira.<br />
Torpedo trepidans VALENCIENNES 1844 t/l; Canaries.<br />
Torpedo hebetans VALENCIENNES 1844 ( non LOWE 1841) (Canaries)<br />
Range;Sou<strong>the</strong>rn North Sea to Med.<br />
T. SINUSPERSICI Olfers 1831 Gulf Marbled Torpedo<br />
? Torpedo sinus-persici KAEMPFER 1712<br />
Raia torpedo GMELIN 1789 ( non LINN.) ( On Kaempfer )<br />
Torpedo marmorata var. d * Torpedo sinus-persici OLFERS 1831 ( On<br />
Kaempfer ) t/l; "Persian Gulf" = Red Sea according to Dumeril 1852.<br />
Torpedo sinus-persici DUMERIL 1852 (Red Sea )<br />
Torpedo smithii GUNTH. 1870 t/l; South Africa.<br />
Range;Red Sea & Persian Gulf to South Africa; Madagascar and east to India.<br />
101
T. PANTHERA Olfers 1831 Leopard Torpedo<br />
Torpedo marmorata var. y pan<strong>the</strong>ra OLFERS 1831 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Torpedo marmorata var. c HENLE 1834<br />
Torpedo pan<strong>the</strong>ra RUEPPELL 1835<br />
Torpedo suessii STEINDACHNER 1898 t/l; Perim; Mocca, Red Sea.<br />
Torpedo zugmayeri ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l; Gwadar, Baluchistan.<br />
Range;Red Sea & Western Indian Ocean to Madagascar east to India.<br />
T. FUSCOMACULATA Peters 1855 Black-spotted Torpedo<br />
Torpedo fuscomaculata PETERS 1855 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Mozambique.<br />
Narcacion polleni BLEEKER 1865 t/l; Reunion I., W. Indian Ocean.<br />
Range; Mozambique to South Africa and Reunion I. W Indian Ocean.<br />
Two forms, spotted and fine-speckled.<br />
T. MACKAYANA GROUP<br />
T. MACKAYANA Metzelaar 1919 Ringed Torpedo<br />
Torpedo mackayana METZELAAR 1919 t/l; Senegal.<br />
Range;Senegal.<br />
UNGROUPED TORPEDO (TORPEDO)<br />
T. ANDERSONI Bullis 1962 Florida Torpedo<br />
Torpedo andersoni BULLIS 1962 t/l; Florida Str.<br />
Range; Florida Str.<br />
T. BAUCHOTAE Cadenat 1978 Rosette Torpedo<br />
Torpedo bauchotae CADENAT in CAPAPE & DeSOUTTER 1978 t/l; Baie de la Pointe Noire,<br />
Congo.<br />
Range;Congo coast.<br />
T. ALEXANDRIENSIS Mazhar 1982 Alexandrine Torpedo<br />
Torpedo alexandriensis MAZHAR 1982 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Alexandria, Egypt.<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Alexandria, Egypt.<br />
Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp. [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Comoro Red Torpedo<br />
Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp. [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Mauritius Torpedo<br />
Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp. [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Seychelles Torpedo<br />
Torpedo ( Torpedo ) sp.(?) [COMPAGNO & SMALE] Kenyan Spotted Torpedo<br />
Subgenus TETRONARCE Gill 1862<br />
Tetronarce GILL 1862,type Torpedo occidentalis STORER 1843 = nobiliana.<br />
Gymnotorpedo FRITSCH 1886,type Torpedo occidentalis STORER 1843 = nobiliana.<br />
Tetranarce JORDAN & EVERMANNN 1895 (Emendation)<br />
Tetronarcine TANAKA 1908, type Tetronarcine tokionis TANAKA 1908<br />
Notastrape WHITLEY 1932, type Notastrape macneilli WHIT. 1932<br />
T. NOBILIANA Bonaparte 1835 Atlantic Black Torpedo<br />
Raja torpedo MITCHILL 1815 ( non LINN. ) t/l; George's Bank, <strong>of</strong>f Block Island, N.Y.<br />
Torpedo nobiliana BONAPARTE 1835 t/l; Italy<br />
102
Crampfish STORER 1839 ( New York)<br />
Torpedo walshii THOMPSON 1840 t/l; Ireland.<br />
Torpedo hebetans LOWE 1841 t/l; Madeira.<br />
Torpedo emarginata McCOY 1841 t/l; Dublin Bay, Ireland.<br />
Torpedo nobiliana M. & H. 1841<br />
Torpedo occidentalis STORER 1843 t/l; Provincetown, Massachusetts.<br />
Torpedo nigra GUICHENOT 1850 t/l; Algeria.<br />
Narcacion occidentale GILL 1861 t/l; East coast <strong>of</strong> North America.<br />
Tetronarce occidentalis GILL 1862<br />
Torpedo hebetans GUNTHER 1870<br />
Narcacion nobilianus GARMAN 1913<br />
Narcobatus nobilianus BARNARD 1925 t/l; S. Africa.<br />
Tetronarce nobiliana De BUEN 1935 t/l; S. Brazil.<br />
Range; E. Atlantic: Orkneys to Madeira ;Azores; N. Africa & Med., south to S. Africa. W. Atlantic:<br />
Nova Scotia to Florida Keys. Off S. Brazil.<br />
T. CALIFORNICA Ayres 1855 East Pacific Torpedo<br />
? Torpedo chilensis GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile<br />
Torpedo californica AYRES 1855 t/l; California.<br />
Range; S. British Colombia to S. California. ?Chile<br />
T. FAIRCHILDI Hutton 1872 Short-tail Torpedo<br />
Torpedo fairchildi HUTTON 1872 t/l; New Zealand<br />
Torpedo fusca PARKER 1884 t/l; Dunrdin, New Zealand.<br />
Notastrape macneilli WHITLEY 1932 t/l; NSW., Aus.<br />
Range; New Zealand; NSW., Victoria and S. Aus.<br />
FC 00 028003<br />
T. TOKIONIS (Tanaka ) 1908 Trapezoid Torpedo<br />
Tetronarcine tokionis TANAKA 1908 t/;Sagami Bay, Japan.<br />
Range; Japan.<br />
T. PUELCHA Lahille 1928 Argentine Torpedo<br />
Torpedo puelcha LAHILLE 1928 t/l; Argentina.<br />
Range;Argentina.<br />
T. TREMENS De Buen 1959 Chilperu Torpedo<br />
Torpedo tremens De BUEN 1959 t/l; Chile.<br />
Torpedo tremens peruana CHIRICHIGNO 1963 t/l; Peru.<br />
Range;Chile;Peru<br />
T. MICRODISCUS Parin & Kotlyar 1985 Smalldisk Torpedo<br />
Torpedo microdiscus PARIN & KOTLYAR 1985 t/l;SE. Pacific, open sea.<br />
Range;SE. Pacific, open sea.<br />
T. SEMIPELAGICA Parin & Kotlyar 1985 Semipelagic Torpedo<br />
Torpedo semipelagica PARIN & KOTLYAR 1985 t/l; SE. Pacific, open sea.<br />
Range;SE. Pacific, open sea.<br />
Torpedo (Tetronarce) Sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Longtail Torpedo<br />
Torpedo sp. A Last & Stevens 1993<br />
Range;(E. Aus.) Newcastle, NSW. to Bowen, Queensland.<br />
(W. Aus.) Shark Bay to Rowley Shoals.<br />
FC 00 028006<br />
Torpedo (Tetronarce) sp. COMPAGNO & SMALE Mozambique Offshore Torpedo<br />
103
Torpedo (Tetronarce) sp. COMPAGNO Hawaiian Torpedo<br />
FAMILY HYPNIDAE<br />
Genus HYPNOS Dumeril 1852<br />
Lophius SHAW & NODDER 1794, type Lophius monopterygius SHAW & NODDER 1794<br />
.(Generic placing in error. Lophius is <strong>the</strong> Angler fish [Teleosti], original specimen based on a beachbloated<br />
specimen.)<br />
Hypnos DUMERIL 1852, type Hypnos subnigrum DUMERIL 1852<br />
Hypnarce WAITE 1902 (Proposed replacement <strong>of</strong> Hypnos, beleived preocc. by Huebner 1818 in<br />
Lepidoptera.)<br />
Hypnarea SHARPE 1903 (misprint)<br />
H. MONOPTERYGIUM (Shaw & Nodder) 1794 C<strong>of</strong>fin Ray; Short-tailed Electric Ray<br />
Lophius monopterygius SHAW & NODDER 1794 t/l; NSW., Aus. (Beach bloated specimen)<br />
Hypnos subnigrum DUMERIL 1852 t/l; Sydney, NSW.<br />
Hypnarce subnigra WAITE 1902 t/l; W. Aus.<br />
Hypnos subniger OGILBY 1916<br />
Range; Queensland; NSW.,S.Aus., W.Aus.<br />
FAMILY NARCINIDAE<br />
(Numbfish)<br />
Genus NARCINE Henle 1834<br />
Raja BL. & SCHN. 1801(part), included Raja timlei BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
Narcobatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (part), type Narcobatus maculatus BLAINVILLE 1816 = Raja<br />
maculata SHAW 1804<br />
Narcine HENLE 1834, type Torpedo brasiliensis OLFERS 1831<br />
Syrraxis BONAPARTE 1835, ex JOURDAN MS. type Narcine indica HENLE 1834<br />
Cyclonarce GILL 1862, type Raja timlei BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
Gonionarce GILL 1862, type Narcine indica HENLE 1834<br />
Narcina JORD. & SEALE 1905 (misprint)<br />
Narcinops WHITLEY 1940, type Narcine tasmaniensis RICHARDSON 1840.<br />
N. TIMLEI (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Blackspotted Numbfish<br />
Raja timlei BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Tranquebar, India<br />
Torpedo ocellata QUOY & GAIMARD 1824 (non RAFINESQUE)<br />
? Narcine microphthalma VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1852 t/l; "Mar des Indes"<br />
Narcine macrura VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1852 t/l; "Mar des Indes"<br />
Narcine indica BLKR. 1852 non HENLE ) (On RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Range; India to China & Japan.<br />
N. BICOLOR (Shaw) 1804 Bicolored Numbfish<br />
Nalla Temeree RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam,India<br />
Raja bicolor SHAW 1804 ( On RUSSELL )<br />
Range; India<br />
104
N. MACULATA (Shaw) 1804 Darkspotted Numbfish<br />
Temeree RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam,India.<br />
Raja maculata SHAW 1804 (On RUSSELL)<br />
Range;India to Indonesia.<br />
N. BRASILIENSIS (Olfers ) 1831 Brazilian Numbfish<br />
Raja laevis GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work)<br />
Torpedo brasiliensis OLFERS 1831 t/l; Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.<br />
Torpedo bancr<strong>of</strong>ti GRIFFITH 1834<br />
Torpedo pictus GRAY 1854 t/l; Antilles.<br />
Narcine brasiliensis var. punctata GARMAN 1881 t/l; St. Vincent, West Indies.<br />
Narcine brasiliensis var. corallina GARMAN 1881 t/l; Key West, Florida.<br />
Narcine umbrosa JORD. 1884 t/l; Key West, Florida.<br />
? Narcine brachypleura RIBEIRO 1923 t/l; Brazil.<br />
Range; North Carolina to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil.<br />
N. INDICA Henle 1834 Indian Numbfish<br />
Narcine indica HENLE 1834 t/l; Tranquebar,India.<br />
? Narcine microphthalma VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1852 t/l; "Mar des Indes" = Malabar<br />
Coast; Pondicherry; India. (See also N. timlei)<br />
Range; India, Malaysia, Indonesia.<br />
N. TASMANIENSIS Richardson 1840 Tasmanian Numbfish<br />
Narcine tasmaniensis RICHARDSON 1840 t/l; Tasmania.<br />
Range; Tasmania to NSW., Australia.<br />
FC 00 028002<br />
N. LINGULA Richardson 1846 Rough Numbfish<br />
Narcine lingula RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; China.<br />
Range; Japan to Indo-China.<br />
N. NIGRA Dumeril 1852 Black Numbfish<br />
Narcine nigra DUMERIL 1852 t/l; Brazil.<br />
Range; Brazil.<br />
N. ENTEMEDOR Jord. & Starks 1895 Cortez Numbfish<br />
Narcine entemedor JORDAN & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Narcine schmitti HILDEBRAND 1948 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California to Panama.<br />
N. BRUNNEA Annandale 1909 Brown Numbfish<br />
Narcine brunnea ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; Hooghli River mouth, India.<br />
Range;Bengal.<br />
N. FIRMA Garman 1913 Stout Numbfish<br />
Narcine firma GARMAN 1913 t/l; Ceylon.<br />
Range; Ceylon<br />
N. VERMICULATUS Breder 1928 Vermiculated Numbfish<br />
Narcine vemiculatus BREDER 1928 t/l; Off San Benito, Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Narcine ommata CLARK 1936 t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> central America.<br />
Range; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Mexico and Central America.<br />
N. PRODORSALIS Besednov 1966 Tonkin Numbfish<br />
Narcine prodorsalis BESEDNOV 1966 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin.<br />
105
N. BREVILABIATA Besednov 1966 Shortlip Numbfish<br />
Narcine brevilabiata BESEDNOV 1966 Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin.<br />
Range;Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin.<br />
N. WESTRALIENSIS McKay 1966 Banded Numbfish<br />
Narcine westraliensis McKAY 1966 t/l; Shark Bay, Western Australia.<br />
Range; Shark Bay, Western Austral<br />
FC 00 028005<br />
N. RIERAI (Lloris & Rucabado) 1991 Mozambique Numbfish<br />
Heteronarce rierai LLORIS et. al. 1991 t/l; Mozambique.<br />
Range; Mozambique.<br />
Narcine sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Ornate Numbfish<br />
Narcine westraliensis GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984 (non McKAY) misidentification<br />
Narcine westraliensis SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985 (non McKAY) misidentification<br />
Narcine sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range;Wessel I.,Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terr. to Cape York, Queensland,Aus.<br />
FC 00 028007<br />
Narcine sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Western Numbfish<br />
Narcine sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1993<br />
Narcine sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range; slope <strong>of</strong>f Western Australia.<br />
FC 00 028004<br />
Narcine sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Numbfish<br />
Narcine sp. C LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range; Slope <strong>of</strong>f N. Queensland.<br />
FC 00 028008<br />
Narcine sp. COMPAGNO & MEE Bigeye Numbfish<br />
Narcine sp. RANDALL Whitespot Numbfish<br />
Narcine (?) sp. COMPAGNO & SMALE Comoro deepwater numbfish<br />
Genus DISCOPYGE Heckel in Tschudi 1845<br />
Discopyge HECKEL in TSCHUDI 1845, type Torpedo tschudii HECKEL 1845<br />
D. TSCHUDII (Heckel in Tschudi ) 1845 Apron Ray<br />
Torpedo tschudii HECKEL in TSCHUDI 1845 t/l; Peru.<br />
Range; Mid Peru south to Patagonia and round to Rio de la Plata, Argentina.<br />
Genus BENTHOBATIS Alcock 1898<br />
Benthobatis ALCOCK 1898, type Benthobatis moresbyi ALCOCK 1898<br />
B. MORESBYI Alcock 1898 Dark Blindray<br />
Benthobatis moresbyi ALCOCK 1898 t/l; Travancore Coast, India.<br />
Range; S. India & East side <strong>of</strong> Arabian Gulf.<br />
B. MARCIDA Bean & Weed 1909 Pale or Deepsea Blindray<br />
Benthobatis marcida BEAN & WEED 1909 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Florida & S. Carolina in 350-500 fms.<br />
Benthobatis cervina BEAN & WEED 1909 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f N. Florida in 373 fms.<br />
Range; Florida & S. Carolina in deep water.<br />
106
Benthobatis sp. COMPAGNO & EBERT Narrow Blindray<br />
Benthobatis sp. Eastern Pacific Blindray<br />
Benthobatis sp. South Atlantic Blindray<br />
Genus HETERONARCE Regan 1921<br />
Heteronarce REGAN 1921, type Heteronarce garmani REGAN 1921<br />
H. MOLLIS (Lloyd ) 1907 S<strong>of</strong>t Numbfish<br />
Narcine mollis LLOYD 1907 t/l; Arabian Sea.<br />
Range; Arabian Sea.<br />
H. GARMANI Regan 1921 Natal Numbfish<br />
Heteronarce garmani REGAN 1921 t/l; Natal, S. Africa.<br />
Heteronarce regani VON BONDE & SWART 1922 t/l; S. Africa.<br />
Narcine natalensis FOWLER 1925 t/l; Natal (East London),S.Africa.<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f S. Africa.<br />
H. PRABHUI Talwar 1981 Quilon Numbfish<br />
Heteronarce prabhui TALWAR 1981 t/l; Arabian Sea.<br />
Range; Arabian Sea.<br />
H. BENTUVIAI (Baranes & Randall )1989 Eilat Numbfish<br />
Narcine bentuviai BARANES & RANDALL 1989 t/l; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Red Sea.<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Red Sea.<br />
Heteronarce (?) sp. COMPAGNO & SMALE Aliwal Reef Numbfish<br />
Aliwal Reef, Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa.<br />
Genus DIPLOBATIS Bigelow & Schroeder 1948<br />
Diplobatis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948, type Discopyge ommata JORDAN & GILBERT 1890<br />
D. OMMATA (Jordan & Gilbert) 1890 Ocellate or Target Numbfish<br />
Discopyge ommata JORD. & GILB. 1890 t/l; Pearl I., Bay <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California to Colombia.<br />
D. PICTUS Palmer 1950 Painted Numbfish<br />
D. pictus pictus PALMER 1950<br />
Diplobatis pictus PALMER 1950 t/l; Georgetown, British Guiana.<br />
Diplobatis altenai BOESEMAN 1963 t/l; Surinam.<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Guianas.<br />
D. pictus guamachensis MARTIN 1957<br />
Diplobatis guamachensis MARTIN 1957 t/l; Venezuela.<br />
Range; Venezuela.<br />
D. pictus colombiensis FECHHELM & McEACHRAN 1984<br />
Diplobatis pictus colombiensis FECHHELM & McEACHRAN 1984 t/l; Colombia.<br />
Range; Colombia (Carribbaean Coast )<br />
Range <strong>of</strong> species; Guianas to Colombia.<br />
FAMILY NARKIDAE<br />
(One-fin Electric Rays )<br />
Genus NARKE Kaup 1826<br />
Narke KAUP 1826, type Raja capensis GMELIN 1789<br />
107
Astrape MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Raja capensis GMELIN 1789<br />
Bengalichthys ANNANDALE 1909, type Bengalichthys impennis ANNAN.<br />
N. CAPENSIS (Gmelin) 1789 Cape Onefin Numbfish<br />
Raja capensis GMELIN 1789 t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope.<br />
Range; Natal; Cape; Madagascar.<br />
N. DIPTERYGIA (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Spotted Onefin Numbfish<br />
Rhinobatus dipterygia BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Tranquebar, India.<br />
Bengalichthys impennis ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; Orissa coast.<br />
Range; Arabian Sea to India, China & Japan.<br />
N. JAPONICA (Schlegel ) 1850 Japanese Spotted<br />
Torpedo<br />
Torpedo (Astrape) japonica SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l; Japan.<br />
Ceratoptera ehrenbergi DAY 1888 (non Mueller & Henle)<br />
Range; Japan.<br />
Narke sp. 1 COMPAGNO Thailand Electric<br />
Ray<br />
Narke sp. 2 COMPAGNO Taiwan Dwarf Electric<br />
Ray<br />
Genus TYPHLONARKE Waite 1909<br />
Typhlonarke WAITE 1909, type Astrape aysoni HAMILTON 1902<br />
T. AYSONI (Hamilton ) 1902 Blind Legged<br />
Torpedo<br />
Astrape aysoni HAMILTON 1902 t/l; Foveaux Strait, N.Z.<br />
Range;N. Z.<br />
T. TARAKEA Phillipps 1929 Slender Legged<br />
Torpedo<br />
Typhlonarke tarakea PHILLIPPS 1929 t/l; N.Z.<br />
Range; N.Z.<br />
Genus CRASSINARKE Takagi 1951<br />
Crassinarke TAKAGI 1951, type Crassinarke dormitor TAKAGI 1951<br />
C. DORMITOR Takagi 1951 Sleeper<br />
Torpedo<br />
Crassinarke dormitor TAKAGI 1951 t/l; Japan<br />
Range; Japan<br />
FAMILY TEMERIDAE<br />
Genus TEMERA Gray 1831<br />
Temera GRAY 1831, type Temera hardwickii GRAY 1831<br />
T. HARDWICKEI Gray 1831 Finless Electric<br />
Ray<br />
Temera hardwickei GRAY 1831 t/l; Penang.<br />
Range; Malay Pen., Penang to S. Indo- China ( Cochin China ).<br />
108
109
Family RAJIDAE<br />
Subfamily RAJINAE<br />
Tribe RAJINI<br />
Genus RAJA<br />
Genus DIPTURUS<br />
Genus OKAMEJEI<br />
Genus ROSTRORAJA<br />
Tribe DACTYLOBATINI<br />
Genus DACTYLOBATUS<br />
Subfamily LEUCORAJINAE<br />
Genus LEUCORAJA<br />
Genus RAJELLA<br />
Genus BREVIRAJA<br />
ORDER RAJIFORMES<br />
110
Subfamily AMBLYRAJINAE<br />
Genus AMBLYRAJA<br />
Subfamily GURGESIELLINAE<br />
Genus GURGESIELLA<br />
Genus MALACORAJA<br />
Genus NEORAJA<br />
Family SYMPTERYGIIDAE<br />
Subfamily SYMPTERYGIINAE<br />
Tribe SYMPTERYGINI<br />
Genus SYMPTERYGIA<br />
Genus PSAMMOBATIS<br />
Genus IROLITA<br />
Tribe ARHYNCHOBATINI<br />
Genus ARHYNCHOBATIS<br />
Tribe PSEUDORAJINI<br />
Genus PSEUDORAJA<br />
Tribe BATHYRAJINI<br />
Genus BATHYRAJA<br />
Genus RHINORAJA<br />
Subfamily RIORAJINAE<br />
Genus RIORAJA<br />
Subfamily PAVORAJINAE<br />
Genus PAVORAJA<br />
Genus NOTORAJA<br />
Family ANACANTHOBATIDAE<br />
Genus ANACANTHBATIS<br />
Genus CRURIRAJA<br />
Family RAJIDAE<br />
Subfamily RAJINAE<br />
Genus RAJA Linn. 1758<br />
Raia BELON 1551<br />
Raia ARTEDI 1738 (Part); Raia No. 2 ARTEDI = R. clavata LINN.<br />
Raja LINN. 1758, type R. miraletus L. by subsequent designation <strong>of</strong> Bonaparte 1838.<br />
Raia SCOPOLI 1777 type R. clavata L.<br />
Platypterus RAFINESQUE 1815 (Replacement for Raja LINN.)<br />
Dasybatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (non Klein 1775)-by subsequent designation <strong>of</strong> Bigelow and<br />
Schroeder.<br />
Rajabatis DE LA PYLAIE 1835 type Raia mosaica LACEPEDE 1802<br />
Batis BONAPARTE 1838, type R. radula DELAROCHE 1809.<br />
111
? Malacobatis GRATZIANOW 1907 type, Raja mucosa PALLAS (1811) 1831 (sp. dub., probably<br />
clavata)<br />
Raia (Betaraia ) LEIGH-SHARP 1924,Type R. clavata LINN. (Pseudogenus)<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
clavata group<br />
R. CLAVATA Linn. 1758 Thornback Ray;"Thorny Maid" ; Roker<br />
R. clavata clavata LINN. 1758 European Thornback Ray<br />
Raia proprie dicta BELON 1553<br />
Raia clavata RONDELET 1554<br />
Raia No. 2 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja clavata LINN. 1758 t/l; Oceano Europaeo<br />
? Raja rubus LINN. 1758 (unidentifiable)<br />
Thornback BROOKES 1763<br />
Raja ruber BLOCH 1784 t/l; North Sea <strong>of</strong>f Hamburg.<br />
La Raie Cuvier LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Raja cuvieria BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 tl; Fiquainville ,nr. Valmont, France<br />
Raja aspera RISSO 1810 t/l: Nice, Framce<br />
Raja pontica PALLAS (1811) 1831 t/l: Littoriae Tauriae = S.Coast <strong>of</strong> Black Sea.<br />
? Raja mucosa PALLAS (1811) 1831 t/l; ? Black Sea<br />
Raja punctata HOLLBERG 1822 (non RISSO 1810)<br />
Raja schultzii MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) specimens from Nice, France.<br />
? Malacobatis mucosa GRATZIANOW 1906 (on Pallas 1811)<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>ast Atlantic from <strong>of</strong>f Middle & N. Norway (rarely S. Iceland), south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Arctic<br />
circle, North Sea, south to Med., Black Sea and adjacent Eastern Atlantic south to Rio de Oro.<br />
Canary Is. Coast from inshore down to 300 m.<br />
The nominal occurrence <strong>of</strong> R.. c. clavata has not been confirmed within <strong>the</strong> West African tropics<br />
but may well occur <strong>the</strong>re.<br />
R. clavata maderensis LOWE 1837 Madeira Thornback<br />
Ray<br />
Raja maderensis LOWE 1837 t/l; Madeira<br />
Range; Madeira down to 150 m.; Posssibly Azores. The status <strong>of</strong> maderensis as a subspecies is not<br />
usually recognised by systematists <strong>of</strong> this group.<br />
R. clavata rhizacanthus REGAN 1906 Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Atlantic Thornback<br />
Ray<br />
Raja capensis MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (part) ( non GMELIN 1789 = Narke.)<br />
t/l; Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope, S. Africa.<br />
Raja rhizacanthus REGAN 1906 t/l; Natal, S. Africa<br />
Raja bonaespeiensis FWLR. 1910 (New name for R.. capensis M. & H. 1841, Preoccupied by<br />
R. capensis GMELIN = Narke)<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa down to 1000 m.;<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn tip <strong>of</strong> Madagascar (clavata according to M. Stehmann 1996, personal communication.).<br />
R. (Raja) sp. STEHMANN 1990 Possible subsp. <strong>of</strong> R. clavata Eastern North Atlantic.<br />
R. clavata is a very variable form which occurs from Norway and Iceland south to just north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Tropic. In Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa it occurs from just south <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tropic <strong>of</strong>f Namibia into <strong>the</strong> SW.<br />
Indian Ocean. Sou<strong>the</strong>rn tip <strong>of</strong> Madagascar. It is said to be completely distinct from straeleni.<br />
R. STRAELENI Poll 1951 Biscuit Skate<br />
Raja straeleni POLL 1951 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f West Coast <strong>of</strong> South Africa.<br />
Raja rouxi CAPAPE 1977 t/l; Guinea Coast ,West Africa<br />
112
? Raja africana CAPAPE 1977 (non Raja africanus BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 = Urogymnus<br />
africanus ) t/l; Mauritania, Northwest Africa in 200 m. Holotype MNHN 1977-206 (Ano<strong>the</strong>r<br />
specimen from Mauritania and three juveniles from <strong>of</strong>f Tunisia are now thought to be lost.)<br />
Range; Algoa Bay, South Africa to Mauritania, NW Africa 80-800 m. Possibly Natal, S. Africa.<br />
miraletus group<br />
R. MIRALETUS Linn. 1758 Brown Ray; Twineye Skate<br />
Raia aspera stellaris JONSTON 1649 (non aspera RONDELET 1554, non stellaris SALVIANI<br />
1554)<br />
Raia oculata WILLUGHBY 1686<br />
Raia No. 7 (dorso ventroque glabris) ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja miraletus LINN. 1758 t/l; "Oceano Europaeo " = Mediterranean.<br />
Raja rubus LACEPEDE 1802 (non LINN. 1758, nec BLOCH 1784 ) t/l; ?<br />
Raja biocularis ETIENNE GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE (1809; 1817) 1827 t/l; Egypt.<br />
Raia quadrimaculata BONAPARTE 1839 (non RISSO 1826) (Italy).<br />
Raja ocellifera REGAN 1906 t/;Algoa Bay & Natal, S. Africa.<br />
? Raja ocellifera GARMAN 1913 (non REGAN 1906)<br />
Range; Med. & North Portugal south to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa round to Natal.; Madeira. Continental shelf.<br />
R. TEXANA Chandler 1921 Texas Eyed<br />
Skate<br />
Raja texana CHANDLER 1921 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Houston, Texas<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Texas east to W. Florida<br />
asterias group<br />
R. ASTERIAS Delaroche 1809 Mediterranean Spotted Ray<br />
Raia asterias BELON 1553 ( non RONDELET 1554 )<br />
Raia asterias aspera RONDELET 1554<br />
Raia stellaris SALVIANI 1554<br />
Raia stellata VALMONT 1768 ( Inamissible work in Zool. Nomenclature )<br />
Raja asterias DELAROCHE 1809 ( non Rondelet 1554 ) t/l; Med. coast <strong>of</strong> Spain .<br />
Raia punctata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
? Raja speculum BLAINVILLE 1825<br />
Raia quadrimaculata RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Raja jojenia COCCO 1836 t/l; Med.<br />
Raja schultzii M. & H. 1841 (part ) (Abbeville and Nice,France)<br />
Raja schultzii DUMERIL 1865<br />
Raja stellata GARMAN 1913<br />
Raja polystigma REGAN 1923 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Tunisia,, or <strong>of</strong>f Dalmatia and Nice.<br />
Range; Coastal waters <strong>of</strong> western Med. only, inshore down to 100 m. Endemic.<br />
R. MONTAGUI Fowler 1910 Homelyn or Spotted Ray<br />
Raja asterias RONDELET 1554 (non BELON 1553)<br />
Raia oculata VALMONT 1768 ( Inamissible work in Zool. Nomenclature ) (non WILLUGHBY<br />
1686)<br />
Raia ruber DONOVAN 1803 (non LINN. 1758; non BLOCH 1784; non LAC. 1802. )<br />
Raia miraletus DONOVAN 1806 (non LINN. 1758 )<br />
Raia fullonica TURTON 1806 (non LINN. 1758)<br />
Raia maculata MONTAGU 1815 ( non DUHAMEL 1782, non SHAW 1804 = Narcine)<br />
113
Raia oculata RISSO 1826 (non WILLUGHBY 1686) t/l; Nice ,France.<br />
Homelyn Ray YARRELL 1836<br />
Raja schultzii M & H 1841 (Part ) ( Italy; Sicily )<br />
Raja asterias M & H 1841 (non DELAROCHE 1809 )<br />
Spotted Ray COUCH 1867<br />
Raja montagui FWLR. 1910 (new name for R. maculata MONTAGU , preoccupied by SHAW<br />
1804 )<br />
Range; Shetland and S. Norway to Morocco & Western Med. Not in Eastern North Sea, Baltic or<br />
Black Sea. Coastal to 100 m.<br />
R. BRACHYURA Lafont 1871 Blonde Ray<br />
Raja schultzii M. & H. 1841 (part) ( Italy )<br />
Raja asterias GUNTH. 1870 (non BELON 1553, nec RONDELET 1554, nec DELAROCHE<br />
1809)<br />
Raja brachyura LAFONT 1871 t/l; Coast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gironde,France.<br />
Raja blanda HOLT & CALDERWOOD 1895 t/;l; West Coast <strong>of</strong> Ireland<br />
Raja oculata FOWLER 1935 (non WILLUGHBY 1686, nec VALMONT 1768, nec RISSO 1826 )<br />
Range;Western North Sea, Shetlands and Scotland to Western Med. and Morocco. Inshore to 100<br />
m.<br />
Not in E. North Sea , Baltic & Black Sea.<br />
undulata group<br />
R. UNDULATA Lac. 1802 Painted Ray<br />
Raja undulata LAC. 1802 ( No type mentioned ) (non VALMONT = R. batis LINN.)<br />
Raja picta LAC. 1802 ( No type mentioned )<br />
Raja mosaica LAC. 1802 ( No type mentoned )<br />
? Raja nigra LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen<br />
Raja fenestrata RAF. 1810 ( Sicily )<br />
Range; S. England and S. Ireland to Western Med., south to Senegal. Canary Is. In coastal waters<br />
down to 200 m.<br />
R. RADULA Delaroche 1809 Mediterranean Rough Skate<br />
Raja radula DELAROCHE 1809 t/l; Ibiza<br />
Raja virgata ETIENNE GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE 1827 ( ?)<br />
Raja atra M. & H. 1841 (Sicily)<br />
Range ; Western Med. (endemic) Coastal waters to 300 m.<br />
R. HERWIGI Krefft 1965 Cape Verde Rough Skate<br />
Raja herwigi KREFFT 1965 t/l; Cape Verde Is<br />
Ra; Cape Verde Is. 55-102 m. Possibly continental NW.Africa<br />
eglanteria group<br />
R. EGLANTERIA Bosc in Lacepede 1802 Brier Skate; Clearnosed Skate; Summer Skate<br />
Raja eglanteria BOSC ( in LAC. ) 1802 t/l; Charleston, N. Carolina<br />
Raja diaphanes MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York<br />
Raja desmarestia LeSUEUR 1824 t/l; Florida<br />
Raja americana DEKAY 1842 t/l; New York<br />
Range ; Massachusetts Bay to Florida, USA<br />
This species has recently been listed under Leucuraja by McEachran J.D. in Mould B.&<br />
McEachran J.D. Revision <strong>of</strong> Garman’s Nomenclature in The Plagiostomia REPRINT 1997.<br />
microcellata group<br />
R. MICROCELLATA ( Montagu ) 1815 Small-eyed<br />
Ray<br />
114
Raia microcellata MONTAGUE 1815 t/l; S. Coast Devon, England.<br />
Range; S. Ireland & Cornwall to Morocco and Rio de Oro in coastal waters down to 100 m.<br />
Not North Sea & Med.<br />
stellulata group<br />
R. STELLULATA Jordan & Gilbert 1880 Starry Skate; Prickly Skate; Rasptail Skate<br />
Raja stellulata JORD. & GILBERT 1880 t/l; California<br />
Raja equatorialis JORDAN & BOLLMAN 1890 t/l; south <strong>of</strong> Pearl I., Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Raja montereyensis GILBERT 1915 t/l; Monterey, California<br />
Raja velezi CHIRICHIGNO 1973 t/l; Peru<br />
Range; N.W.Alaska to S. California. Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama to Peru.<br />
ackleyi group<br />
R. ACKLEYI Garman 1881 Ackley's<br />
Skate<br />
Raja ackleyi GARMAN 1881 t/l; Yucatan Bank<br />
Raja bahamensis BIG. & SCHR. 1965 t/l; Little Bahama Bank<br />
Range; Yucatan Bank to S.Florida and Bahamas.<br />
cervigoni group<br />
R. CERVIGONI Bigelow & Schroeder 1964 Venezuela Skate<br />
Raja cervigoni BIG. & SCHR. 1964 t/l; Venezuela<br />
Range; Venezuela<br />
Genus DIPTURUS Rafinesque 1810<br />
(Longnose Skates)<br />
Laeviraia SALVIANI 1554 ; GESNER 1558; WILLUGHBY 1686 (= R. oxyrinchus)<br />
Raia WILLUGHBY & RAY 1686 (R. clavata W.&R. = R . batis LINN.)<br />
Raia ARTEDI 1738 (part) Raia No. 8 ARTEDI = R.. oxyrinchus LINN.<br />
Leiobatus KLEIN 1775 (inadmissible work ) type R.. oxyrinchus LINN.<br />
Dipturus RAFINESQUE 1810 Type R..batos RAF. = R . batis LINN.<br />
Propterygia OTTO 1821, type Propterygia hyposticta OTTO (Monstrosity <strong>of</strong> R. batis) (Scotland)<br />
Laeviraja BONAPARTE 1838, type, R.. oxyrinchus LINN.<br />
Raia (Gammaraia ) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type R. batis LINN.<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
Raja (Zearaja) WHITLEY 1939, type, R.. nasuta M&H 1841<br />
Raja (Tengujei) ISHIYAMA 1958, type, R.. tengu JORDAN & FOWLER 1903.<br />
FOSSIL NAMES<br />
Actinobatis AGASSIZ 1838 Type Raja (Actinobatis ) ornata AGASSIZ<br />
Senior homonym <strong>of</strong> R. ornata GARMAN 1881<br />
D. BATIS (Linn.) 1758 East Atlantic Blue Skate;"Bluet"; Grey Skate<br />
115
R. batis batis LINN. 1758<br />
Raia undulata sive cinerea RONDELET 1554<br />
Raia clavata WILLUGHBY 1686 (non Linn. 1758)<br />
Raia varia (no. 9) ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja batis LINN. 1758 (Oceano Europaeo )<br />
Raia leiobatos GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmissible work )<br />
Raia laevis VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work )<br />
Raia gaimardi VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work )<br />
Raia undulata VALMONT 1768 (Inadmissible work )<br />
Skate PENNANT 1769<br />
Raia machuelo OSBECK 1770 (Inadmissible work ) (Spain)<br />
Raia laevis alba DUHAMEL 1782 ( Inadmissible work )<br />
Raja osbeckii WALBAUM 1792 (on Osbeck 1770 ) ( Inadmissible work )<br />
Raja hispanica BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Osbeck) (Spain)<br />
Raja (Dipturus) batos RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
Raia rostrata BLAINV. 1816 (non SHAW & NODDER 1795 = Aptychotrema, nec LAC . 1802,<br />
nec RISSO 1810 )<br />
Propterygia hyposticta OTTO 1821 (Malformed specimen <strong>of</strong> R. batis LINN. ) t/l; Scotland<br />
Raja alata REINHARDT 1825 (Malformed specimen <strong>of</strong> R. batis LINN. )<br />
Raja flossada RISSO 1826 ( non RISSO 1810 ) t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Raja gaimardi VALENCIENNES 1847 ( = R. gaimardi VALMONT, inadmiss.) t/l; Iceland<br />
Raja leiobatos GRAY 1851 t/l; "Oceano septentrionale "<br />
? Raja chinensis BASILEWSKY 1855 t/l; Peking ? (sp. dub.). Garman, 1913 state that this is<br />
very similar to R..batis but it has never benn seen since <strong>the</strong> original description was made in latin.<br />
Range; North Norway and Iceland, North Sea & W. Baltic south to Madeira,Canary Is. & W.<br />
Med.and to Senegal, W. Africa. 100-1000 m.<br />
D. batis var. macrorhynchus (Rafinesque) 1810 Flapper Skate<br />
Raia oxyrhynchos RONDELET 1554 (non oxyrhynchos ROND. 1554, non oxyrinchus LINN. 1758<br />
)<br />
Raja rhomboidalis TILESIUS 1809 ( Italy )<br />
Raia macrorhynchus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Raia mucossissima NARDO 1827 t/l; Italy<br />
Raja intermedia PARNELL 1838 t/l; Firth <strong>of</strong> Forth.<br />
Flapper Skate PARNELL 1838 t/l; Firth <strong>of</strong> Forth.<br />
This is usually considered to be a variety <strong>of</strong> R. batis.<br />
.<br />
D. OXYRINCHUS (Linn.) 1758 Eastern Atlantic Sharpnose Skate<br />
Raia oxyrhynchos alia RONDELET 1554<br />
Laeviraia sp. SALVIANI 1554;<br />
Raia varia (No. 8) ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja oxyrinchus LINN. 1758 t/l; Oceano Europaeo<br />
Raia laevis VALMONT 1768 (inadmiss.)<br />
Sharp-nosed Ray PENNANT 1769 (part, included part alba)<br />
Raja acus LAC. 1803 t/l; coast near Rouen, France<br />
Raja rostrata RISSO 1810 ( non SHAW & NODDER 1795 = Aptychotrema, nec LAC. 1802 =<br />
R. alba ) t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Raja oxyrhynchus MONTAGU 1815 (Devon, England) (Emended spelling)<br />
Raia morula NARDO 1827 (Italy)<br />
Raja vomer FRIES 1838 t/l; Bohuslan Coast , Sweden.<br />
Raia mucronota YARRELL 1841 t/l; Ireland<br />
Raja salviani MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Long-nosed Skate COUCH 1867<br />
Laeviraia vomer MALM 1877<br />
Raja nidrosiensis COLLETT 1881 (non nidarosiensis STORM 1881)<br />
Range; Central Norway and Faroes to W. Med., Canary Is. & south to Senegal. 90-900 m.<br />
To 1100 m. in Med.<br />
116
D. LAEVIS (Mitchell) 1817 Northwest Atlantic Blackspot Skate;Barndoor Skate<br />
Raja laevis MITCHILL 1817 ( non GRONOV.1763; VALMONT 1768; DUHAMEL 1782 ) t/l;<br />
New York<br />
Raia chantenay LeSUEUR 1824 t/l; None<br />
Raja granulata GOODE & BEAN 1879 t/l; none<br />
Raja stabuliforis GARMAN 1913 (subst. for R. laevis MITCH. , in <strong>the</strong>belief that <strong>the</strong> latter was<br />
preocc. by Gronov., Valmont and Duhamel, but <strong>the</strong>se are in inadmissible works, <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong><br />
substitution is unnecessary. This has sometimes been wrongly spelt as stabuliformis, but <strong>the</strong><br />
etymology is stabulo, a stable or barn and foris, a door or gate, in allusion to <strong>the</strong> popular name <strong>of</strong><br />
barndoor skate.<br />
Range; W. Atl; Grand Banks , Newfoundland to N. Carolina. ? Florida<br />
D. LINTEUS (Fries) 1838 Nor<strong>the</strong>ast Atlantic Pale Ray; Sailskate<br />
Raja lintea FRIES 1838 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Bohuslan, Sweden.<br />
Raja ingolfiana LUTKEN 1898 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Holstenborg, W. Greenland<br />
Range; SW Norway; Faroes; Shetland;Skagerrak;Iceland ; W. Coast <strong>of</strong> Ireland to Greenland . ? S.<br />
Afr.dub.<br />
D. NASUTUS (Mueller & Henle) 1841 New Zealand Long -nosed Skate<br />
Raja nasuta MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; New Zealand<br />
Range; New Zealand<br />
D. CHILENSIS (Guichenot) 1848 South American Yellownose Skate<br />
Raja chilensis GUICHENOT 1848 t/l; Chile<br />
Raja flavirostris PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile<br />
Raja brevicaudata MARINI 1933 t/l; Argentina<br />
Raja steindachneri TORTONESE 1939 (non DELFIN 1901; non FOWLER 1910) t/l; St. Helena<br />
Bay, Ecuador.<br />
Raja ecuadoriensis BEEBE & TEEVAN 1941 (new name for R. steindachneri TORTONESE)<br />
Range; Ecuador to Patagonia-Falklands region<br />
D. BINOCULATUS (Girard) 1854 North Pacific Twineye Big Skate<br />
Raja binoculata GIRARD 1854 t/l; San Francisco, California<br />
Raja cooperi GIRARD 1858 t/l;" Sandflats near entrance to Shoalwater Bay" ( = Willapa Bay,<br />
below Cape Shoalwater, Washington State, U.S.A Lat. 46.41 N Long. 123.42 W.)<br />
Raja binoculata var. inermis JORD. & GILB. 1883 t/l;Santa Barbara, California<br />
Range: Baja California, N. <strong>of</strong> Cedros I. to Bering Sea. ?Sakhalin.<br />
D. RHINA (Jordan & Gilbert) 1880 Nor<strong>the</strong>ast Pacific Longnose Skate<br />
Raja rhina JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; California<br />
Range; S. California to SE. Alaska<br />
D. INORNATUS (Jordan & Gilbert) 1880 California Skate<br />
Raja inornata JORD. & GILB. 1880 t/l; San Francisco, Cal.<br />
Raja binoculata JORD. & GILB. 1880 (non GIRARD 1854) t/l; San Francisco, Cal.<br />
Raja jordani GARMAN 1885 t/l; California<br />
Range; Cedros I., L California to Str. <strong>of</strong> San Jan de Fuca ,Washington<br />
D. NIDAROSIENSIS (Storm) 1881 Black Skate; Roughbelly Skate<br />
Raja nidarosiensis STORM 1881 t/l; Trondheim , Norway<br />
Raja springeri WALLACE 1967 t/l; East coast <strong>of</strong> South Africa Range; (North Atlantic) Fjords <strong>of</strong><br />
middle Norway; S.Sweden; S.E. Iceland; N.W. British Isles, south to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Mauritania in 400 to<br />
over 1000 m.<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa from Luderitz, S.Namibia to Central Mozambique & Madagascar. Off West Africa<br />
springeri occurs in 88-740 m.<br />
117
D. OXYPTERUS (Philippi) 1892 South American Thintail Sharpfin Skate<br />
Raja oxyptera PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile<br />
Raja latastei DELFIN 1902 t/l; Chile<br />
? Raja leptocauda KREFFT & STEHMANN 1974 t/l; S. Brazil<br />
Range; Chile; ? S. Brazil.<br />
D. JOHANNISDAVISI (Alcock) 1899 Travancore Skate<br />
Raja johannesdavisi ALCOCK 1899 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Travancore, India<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f Travancore, India<br />
D. TENGU (Jordan & Fowler) 1903 Japanese Acutenose or Tengu Skate<br />
Raja tengu JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 t/l; Matsushima Bay, Japan<br />
Range: Japan & E. China Sea<br />
D. PULCHRA (Lin) 1932 Chinese Mottled Skate<br />
Raja pulchra LIN (or LIU ) 1932 t/l; Tsingtao, China<br />
Range; Okhotsk Sea & both sides <strong>of</strong> Japan to E. China Sea<br />
D. CERVUS (Whitley) 1939 Bass Strait White-spot Skate<br />
Raja cerva WHITLEY 1939 t/l; Bass Str., Aus<br />
Range; Bass Str., S. Aus.<br />
FC 00 031003<br />
D. GUDGERI (Whitley) 1940 Australian Bight Skate<br />
Raja (Zearaja ) gudgeri WHITLEY 1940 t/l; S. Aus.<br />
Raja sp. no. 1 LAST, SCOTT & TALBOT 1983<br />
Range; SE Indian Ocean to S. Aus.<br />
FC 00 031010<br />
D. OLSENI (Bigelow and Schroeder) 1950 Spreadfin Skate<br />
Raja olseni BIG. & SCHR. 1950 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
D. TEEVANI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1951 Florida Skate<br />
Raja teevani BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1951 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Pensacola, Florida.<br />
Raja floridana BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l;Florida<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f West coast <strong>of</strong> Florida.<br />
D. MACROCAUDUS (Ishiyama) 1955 Japanese Bigtail Skate<br />
Raja oxyrhynchus MATSUBARA 1936 (non LINN.)<br />
Raja macrocauda ISHIYAMA 1955 t/l; Kumano Nada , Japan.<br />
Range; Deep water <strong>of</strong>f Pacific Coasts <strong>of</strong> Honshu<br />
D. GIGAS (Ishiyama) 1958 Japanese Giant Skate<br />
Raja gigas ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Kumano Nada , Japan<br />
Range; Japan<br />
D. GARRICKI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1958 San Blas Skate<br />
Raja garricki BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1958 t/l; San Blas, Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
D. OREGONI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1958 Hooktail Skate<br />
Raja oregoni BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1958 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
D. DOUTREI (Cadanet) 1960 Javelin or Prownose<br />
118
Skate<br />
Raja doutrei CADENAT 1960 t/l; Senegal, West Africa.<br />
Raja stenorhynchus WALLACE 1967 t/l; East coast <strong>of</strong> South Africa<br />
Range; Mauritania round S. Africa to Central Mozambique. 163-1200 m.<br />
D. KWANGTUNGENSIS (Zhu) 1960 Kwangtung Skate<br />
Raja kwangtungensis ZHU ( =CHU ) 1960 t/l; Hiling Tao, S. China Sea<br />
Range; S. China Sea<br />
D. BULLISI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Tortugas Skate<br />
Raja bullisi BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l; Dry Tortugas, Florida<br />
Range; Florida<br />
D. PULLOPUNCTATUS (J. L. B. Smith) 1964 Blackstain Slime Skate<br />
Raja pullopunctata J.L.B. SMITH 1964 t/l;West coast <strong>of</strong> South Africa<br />
Raja campbelli WALLACE 1967 t/l; East coast <strong>of</strong> South Africa<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa from 23 S. <strong>of</strong>f east coast to 27 S. <strong>of</strong>f west coast in 50-450 m.<br />
D. LANCEOROSTRATUS (Wallace) 1967 Whitespot Grey Rattail Skate<br />
Raja lanceorostrata WALLACE 1967 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f mouth <strong>of</strong> Limpopo ( S. Moz.)<br />
Range; S. Mozambique.<br />
D. INNOMINATUS (Garrick & Paul) 1974 New Zealand Smooth Skate<br />
Raja innominata GARRICK & PAUL 1974 t/l; Cape Campbell, N.Z.<br />
Range;Off New Zealand<br />
D. TRACHYDERMA (Krefft & Stehmann) 1974 Roughskin Skate<br />
Raja trachyderma KREFFT & STEHMANN 1974 t/l; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Brazil<br />
Range; S. Brazil<br />
D. CORTEZIENSIS (McEachran & Miyake) 1988 Cortez Skate<br />
Raja corteziensis McEACHRAN & MIYAKE 1988 t/l; G. <strong>of</strong> California<br />
(Sea <strong>of</strong> Cortez)<br />
Range;Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
D. CROSNIERI (Seret) 1989 Madagascar Skate<br />
Raja (Dipturus) crosnieri SERET 1989 t/l;Madagascar<br />
Range; Madagascar<br />
R. (Dipturus) sp. STEHMANN 1991<br />
Raja sp. 1 GOLOVAN 1978:202<br />
Raja (Dipturus) sp. STEHMANN 1991:33 holotype ZISP 48410 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Mauritania 21 30N.,<br />
17 57W. in 1000 m.<br />
R. (Dipturus) sp. (cf. johannisdaviesi ALCOCK 1899) SERET Indonesia<br />
R. (Dipturus) sp. SERET Indonesia<br />
R. (Dipturus) sp. SERET New Caledonia<br />
R. (Dipturus) sp. SERET Philippines<br />
Raja sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031029 Graham's Skate<br />
Ra; slope <strong>of</strong>f NSW.,Aus. Wollongong to C<strong>of</strong>f's Harbour, ? 1 specimen <strong>of</strong>f W. Australia<br />
Raja sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031011 Leyland's Skate<br />
Ra; Upper slope W. Aus. between Ashmore Reef & Bunbury<br />
119
Raja sp. G Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031032 Pale Tropical Skate<br />
Ra; slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland, between Bunderberg & Cairns 225-550m.<br />
( closest relative is R. gudgeri )<br />
Raja sp. H Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031033 Blacktip Skate<br />
Ra; slope from Wooli, NSW. to Townsville, Queensland in 240-650m.<br />
Raja sp. I Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031034 Weng's Skate<br />
Ra; E. Aus. Cairns, Queensland to Cape Pillar,Tas.. W. Tas. ;<br />
W. Aus. Pt. Hedland to Geraldton .<br />
Possibly in Gt. Australian Bight<br />
Raja sp. J Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031035 Brown Bight Skate or Deepwater Skate<br />
Raja gudgeri LAST, SCOTT & TALBOT 1983 (non WHITLEY) (misidentification)<br />
Ra; slope <strong>of</strong> S. Aus. from Esperance, W. Aus. to Sydney, NSW.<br />
Raja sp. K Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031036 Queensland Deepwater Skate<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f Queensland between Swain Reefs & Townsville, 440-650m.<br />
Raja sp. L Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031037 Maugean Skate<br />
Ra; Bathurst Harbour, nr. Pt. Davey, SW Tasmania in 5 m.<br />
(closest relative R. nasuta M&H from NZ. )<br />
(subg. Dipturus? )<br />
The following 3 species seem close to Genus Dipturus but are not certainly placed <strong>the</strong>re :-<br />
R. AUSTRALIS Macleay 1883 Sydney<br />
Skate<br />
Raja australis MACLEAY 1883 t/l;Botany Bay, NSW., Aus.<br />
Range; NSW., Aus.<br />
FC 00 031002<br />
Raja sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031005 Long-nosed Skate<br />
Raja nasuta WHITLEY 1940 (non M&H 1841) (misidentification). R. nasuta is a N.Z. endemic.<br />
Ra; Victoria & Tasmania<br />
Raja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031028 Grey<br />
Skate<br />
Raja sp. no. 2 LAST, SCOTT & TALBOT 1983<br />
Ra; slope <strong>of</strong>f S.& E. Aus.<br />
120
Genus OKAMEJEI Ishiyama 1958<br />
Raja (Okamejei) ISHIYAMA 1958 type Raja fusca GARMAN 1885 (= R. kenojei M & H)<br />
Possible earlier names for Okamejei.<br />
Raja (Argoraja) WHITLEY 1940 type, R.polyommata OGILBY 1910<br />
Raja (Dentiraja) WHITLEY 1940 type, R.dentata KLUNZINGER 1872<br />
O. KENOJEI (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Spiny rasp skate; Swarthy Skate; Ocellate Spot<br />
Skate<br />
Raja kenojei MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Nagasaki, S.W. Japan<br />
Raja porosa GUNTHER 1874 t/l;Chefoo, China<br />
Dasybatus undulata BLEEKER 1874 (non Raja undulata LAC.1802)<br />
Raja fusca GARMAN 1885 t/l;Tokyo Bay, Japan<br />
Raja japonica NYSTROM 1887 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan<br />
Raja meerdervoortii JORDAN & FOWLER 1903 (non BLKR. 1860)<br />
Raja tobae TANAKA 1916 t/l; Miyazu, Japan<br />
Raja katsukii TANAKA 1927 t/l; W. Coast <strong>of</strong> Mutsu Province, Japan<br />
Range; Japan,Korea,Taiwan to (?) Philippines (shallow waters)<br />
O. MEERDERVOORTI (Bleeker) 1860 Bigeye Skate<br />
Raja meerdervoortii BLEEKER 1860 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan<br />
Raja macrophthalma ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Harmada, Sea <strong>of</strong> Japan<br />
Range; Japan, China & Philippines<br />
O. POWELLI (Alcock) 1898 Indian Ringed Skate<br />
Raja powelli ALCOCK 1898 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Martaban, Burma<br />
Raia philipi LLOYD 1906 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden<br />
Raja (Okamejei) heemstrai McEACHRAN & FECHHELM 1982 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Kenya<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Martaban, Burma. Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aden and NW Indian Ocean<br />
O. HOLLANDI (Jordan & Richardson) 1909 Oriental Yellow -spotted Skate<br />
Raja hollandi JORDAN & RICHARDSON 1909 t/l; Takao, Taiwan<br />
Range; S.Japan to Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tonkin<br />
O. ACUTISPINA (Ishiyama) 1955 Japanese Sharpspine Skate<br />
Raja garmani ISHIYAMA 1950 (non WHITLEY) t/l; Sea <strong>of</strong> Japan<br />
Raja acutispina ISHIYAMA 1955 (new name for Raja garmani ISHIYAMA )<br />
Range; S. Japan : E. China<br />
O. SCHMIDTI (Ishiyama) 1958 Browneye<br />
Skate<br />
Raja schmidti ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Bungo Str., Japan<br />
Range; Middle to S. Japan<br />
O. BOESEMANI (Ishiyama) 1987 Black Sand Skate<br />
Raja boesemani ISHIYAMA 1987 t/l; East China Sea<br />
Range; East China Sea<br />
O. PITA (Fricke & Al- Hassan) 1995 Pita Skate<br />
Raja (Okamejei) pita FRICKE & AL-HASSAN 1995 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Iraq, in Arabian/ Persian Gulf.<br />
121
R. (Okamejei) sp. N Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031013 Thintail Skate<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f W. Aus. from Bunbury to Pt. Hedland 400-725m.<br />
R. (Okamejei) sp. SERET Indonesia.<br />
Genus ROSTRORAJA Hulley 1970<br />
Raia ( Iotaraia ) LEIGH-SHARP 1924 Type R. marginata LAC. ( = R. alba LAC. )<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
Raja ( Rostroraja ) HULLEY 1970 Type R. alba LAC. 1802<br />
R. ALBA (Lacepede) 1802 White Skate; Bottlenosed Ray; Burton Skate; Spearnose Skate;<br />
Bordered Skate<br />
Sharp-nosed Ray PENNANT 1769 (part, included part R. oxyrinchus LINN.)<br />
Raja laevis major DUHAMEL 1782 (inadmissible work)<br />
? Raja maroccana BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Morocco<br />
Raja alba LACEPEDE 1802 t/l; Rouen, France<br />
? Raja rostrata LACEPEDE 1802 (non SHAW & NODDER 1795 = Aptychotrema) t/l; Rouen,<br />
France<br />
Raja marginata LACEPEDE 1802 t/l; Dieppe; Liverpool; Brighton<br />
? Raja biocularis ST. HIL. 1809 t/l; ? Egypt<br />
? Raja rostellata RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France<br />
Raia bicolor RISSO 1826 (non Raja bicolor SHAW 1804 = Narcine)<br />
t/l; Nice, France<br />
Bordered Ray YARRELL 1836<br />
Raia (Laeviraja) bramante SASSI 1846 t/l; Genoa<br />
Burton Skate COUCH 1867<br />
Range; S.W. England and Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Ireland to Senegal, Madeira and Western Med. coastal to 400<br />
m.<br />
Namibia round Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa to Central Mozambique. 50-360 m.<br />
Tribe DACTYLOBATINI<br />
Genus DACTYLOBATUS Bean & Weed 1909<br />
Dactylobatus BEAN & WEED 1909 type Dactylobatus armatus B. & W. 1909<br />
D. ARMATUS Bean & Weed 1909 Skilletskate<br />
Dactylobatus armatus BEAN & WEED 1909 t/l; Upper slope <strong>of</strong>f N. Carolina<br />
Range; Upper slope <strong>of</strong>f N. Carolina.<br />
D. CLARKI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1958 Hookskate<br />
Raja clarkii BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1958 t/l; G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
122
Subfamily LEUCORAJINAE<br />
Genus LEUCORAJA Malm 1877<br />
Raia ARTEDI 1738 (part ) Raia sp. No. 6 ARTEDI = R. fullonica L.<br />
Leucoraja MALM 1877 type R . fullonica LINN.<br />
Raia ( Alpharaia ) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type R. .circularis COUCH 1838<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
L. FULLONICA ( Linn.) 1758 Shagreen Ray or Fuller's Ray<br />
L. fullonica fullonica LINN.<br />
Raia aspera WILLUGHBY 1686 ( non. RONDELET, non. JONSTON)<br />
Raia aspera nostras RAY 1713<br />
Raia No. 6 (toto dorso aculeata) ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja fullonica LINN. 1758 t/l; " Europ. Ocean" (not Raia fullonica RONDELET 1554.= R.<br />
rondeletii BOUGIS 1959)<br />
Raia spinosa VALMONT 1768 ( Inadmisible work in zoology)<br />
Rough Ray PENNANT 1769<br />
Shagreen Ray PENNANT 1769<br />
Fuller Ray PENNANT 1769<br />
Raia chagrinea PENNANT 1769 t/l; Cornwall, England<br />
? Raja tuberculata BONN. 1788<br />
Raja granulosa BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 t/l; Fiquainville, nr. Valmont, France<br />
La Raie chardon ASCANIUS 1805<br />
Raja flossada RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Raia aspera FLEMING 1828 (non RISSO 1810)<br />
Range; Iceland and Barents Sea to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Morocco and Madeira 30-550m. Western Meditarranean<br />
records may refer to R. rondeleti BOUGIS. Stehmann 1995 records Western Med. as within <strong>the</strong><br />
range <strong>of</strong> fullonica.<br />
L. fullonica rondeleti (BOUGIS) 1959 Rondelet's Skate<br />
Raja fullonica RONDELET 1554 (non LINN.) Museo Zool. Univ. Firenze (Giglioni Collection.)<br />
Raja fullonica BONAPARTE 1841 (non LINN.) (On Rondelet) MZUF Giglioni Collection.<br />
Raja rondeleti BOUGIS 1959 (nom.nov. for R. fullonica RONDELET 1554<br />
& BONAP. 1841 )<br />
Range; Western Mediterranean.<br />
Dubious references : -<br />
Raja fullonica [ Blainville ] MOREAU 1881 (Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyrenees<br />
Orientales, Rousillon, SW France)<br />
Raja fullonica VAILLANT 1888 (sp. dubia ) (? May be a Breviraja)<br />
L. MELITENSIS (Clark) 1926 Maltese Skate<br />
Raja melitensis CLARK 1926 t/l; Malta<br />
123
Range: Very rare in waters around Malta & NW Africa.<br />
L. OCELLATA (Mitchill) 1815 Eyed Skate; Winter Skate;Big Skate<br />
Raja ocellata MITCHILL 1815 ( non RUSSELL 1803 = Aetobatus )<br />
t/l; New York.<br />
Raja diaphanes DeKAY 1842 ( non MITCHILRaja ocellata var. ocellata GARMAN 1874<br />
Raja ocellata var. diaphana GARMAN 1874<br />
Range; N. Nova Scotia & Grand Banks to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn N. Carolina<br />
L. ERINACEA (Mitchill) 1825 Hedgehog Skate ;Tobacco-Box Skate; Little Skate<br />
Raja erinaceus MITCHILL 1825 t/l; New Jersey<br />
Range; Nova Scotia to S. side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Gulf <strong>of</strong> St. Lawrence south to N. Carolina<br />
L. CIRCULARIS (Couch) 1838 Sandy<br />
Ray<br />
Raia circularis COUCH 1838 t/l; " British Waters "<br />
Sandy Ray COUCH 1838<br />
Raja falsavela BONAPARTE 1839 t/l; Italy<br />
Raia spinosa YARRELL 1841 (non VALMONT 1768) t/l; Dublin Bay, Ireland.<br />
Raja sp. McCOY 1841 (Ireland)<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Norway, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn North Sea, Scotland & Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Ireland south to Western<br />
Mediterranean & Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Morocco, 70 - 275 m. Occasionally on upper continental slope.<br />
L. NAEVUS (M. & H.) 1841 Cuckoo<br />
Ray<br />
? Raja cuculus LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen,France<br />
Raja naevus M. & H. 1841 t/l; European Coasts <strong>of</strong> Atl. & Med.<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn North Sea, Kattegat, Faroes & Scotland to Western Med. south to Senegal in 20-<br />
250 m. Exceptionally to 900 m. (Rio de Oro). Rare <strong>of</strong>f Norway Coast.<br />
L. LEUCOSTICTA (Stehmann) 1971 Whitedappled Skate<br />
Raja leucosticta STEHMANN 1971 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Guinea<br />
Range; Mauritania to Gabon 70 to 600 m. This species is very close to R.circularis<br />
L. WALLACEI (Hulley) 1970 Yellowspot Skate<br />
Raja wallacei HULLEY 1970 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Capetown, S. Africa<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa, from Luderitz, Namibia to Natal in 70-450 m.<br />
LEUCORAJA UNPLACED<br />
L. YUCATANENSIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1950 Yucatan Skate<br />
Breviraja yucatanensis BIG. & SCHR. 1950 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Yucatan<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Yucatan<br />
L. (Leucoraja) sp. O Last & Stevens 1993 Sawback Skate<br />
Ra; slope <strong>of</strong>f W. Aus. betwen Ashmore Reef & Dampier<br />
FC 00 031039<br />
L. COMPAGNOI (Stehmann) 1995 Compagno's Skate<br />
Raja (Leucoraja) sp. STEHMANN South Africa<br />
Raja (Leucoraja) compagnoi STEHMANN 1995 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f South Africa 30 44 S., 15 18 E. in 550 m.<br />
Presently known only from <strong>the</strong> holotype, ZISP 48406.<br />
Similar to Raja (Rajella) caudaspinosa according to M. Stehmann 1995, which is currently listed<br />
here as a RAJELLA<br />
124
L. (Leucoraja) sp. STEHMANN 1995<br />
holotype UF-FSU 40332 t/l; Gabon, 02 31 S.,08 51 E., 300 m.<br />
Genus BREVIRAJA Bigelow & Schroeder 1948<br />
Breviraja BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948 type Breviraja colesi BIG. & SCHR. 1948<br />
B. COLESI Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 Western Atlantic Shortnose Skate<br />
Lightnose Skate<br />
Breviraja colesi BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948 t/l; Cochines Bay, Matanzas Bay & Santa<br />
Clara, Cuba<br />
Breviraja nigriventralis McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 t/l;French Guiana, 07 14 N. 53 55<br />
W. in 732 m.<br />
Breviraja schroederi McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 (non KREFFT 1968) t/l; Caribbaean<br />
Coast <strong>of</strong> Honduras, 16 43 N., 82 44 W. 503 m.<br />
Breviraja mouldi McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1995 (nom.nov. for Breviraja schroederi<br />
McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 preoccupied by KREFFT 1968 )<br />
Range; N. & S. Coasts <strong>of</strong> Cuba; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Honduras to French Guiana 336-776<br />
m.<br />
B. SPINOSA Bigelow & Schroeder 1950 Spinose Shortnose Skate<br />
Breviraja spinosa BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Jacksonville, Florida 30 58 N.,79 34<br />
W. 457-530 m.<br />
Ra; N.Carolina to Florida Keys. 32 43 N 76 57 W. to 24 13 N. 81 42 W. 366-761 m.<br />
holotype MCZ 36373<br />
B. CLARAMACULATA McEachran & Ma<strong>the</strong>son 1985 Brightspot Skate<br />
Breviraja claramaculata McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1985 t/l; Florida, 29 58 N. 80 07 W. in<br />
348m.<br />
Ra; S. Carolina to Florida Keys 32 59 N. to 77 14 W. to 25 15 N. 80 81 W. 293-896 m.<br />
holotype UF 22284<br />
B. MARKLEI McEachran & Ma<strong>the</strong>son 1987 Nova Scotia Shortnose Skate<br />
Breviraja marklei McEACHRAN & MATHESON 1987 t/l; Nova Scotia<br />
Ra; Nova Scotia<br />
Genus RAJELLA Stehmann 1972<br />
Rajella STEHMANN 1972 (as subgenus <strong>of</strong> Raja) , type Raja fyllae LUTKEN 1887<br />
R. FYLLAE (Lutken) 1887 Fylla's Ray; Round Skate<br />
Raja circularis GUNTH. 1887 (non COUCH 1838)<br />
Raja fyllae LUTKEN 1887 t/l; Davis Str. , W. Greenland<br />
Raja fyllae var. lipacantha JENSEN 1905 t/l; Skagerrak<br />
Range; E. Atl. : Arctic & cold bottom waters from Barents Sea & <strong>the</strong> Murman Coast to W.<br />
Spitzbergen & N. Norway south to <strong>the</strong> Skagerrak & English Channel( occasionally fur<strong>the</strong>r south<br />
)<br />
W.Atl. : Davis Str. to Nova Scotia 170 to 2055 fms.<br />
R. BATHYPHILA (Holt & Byrne) 1908 Abyssal Skate<br />
Raja bathyphila HOLT & BYRNE 1908 t/l; S.W. Ireland 51 N. 12W., Between 673 & 843<br />
fthms.<br />
Raja bathyphilla GOLOVAN 1978 (lapsus) (part)<br />
Range; North Atlantic north <strong>of</strong> 45. 00 N. in 600 to over 2000 m. Mostly below 1000 m.<br />
Rio de Oro in 1000-1400 m.<br />
R. ANNANDALEI (Weber) 1913 Indonesian Round Skate<br />
125
Raja annandalei WEBER 1913 t/l; Between Kojara and Batjan, Halmahera Sea<br />
Range; Moluccas<br />
R. CAUDASPINOSA (Von Bonde & Swart) 1923 Munchkin Skate<br />
Raja caudaspinosa VON BONDE & SWART 1923 t/l ; "Natal, in 512 metres" considered erroneous<br />
by Hulley 1972. Not found <strong>of</strong>f Natal<br />
Range; W. & SW. coast <strong>of</strong> S.Africa from S. Namibia to Cape Point. 290-915 m.<br />
R. LEOPARDA (Von Bonde & Swart) 1923 Leopard Skate<br />
Raja leopardus VON BONDE & SWART 1923 t/l;" Natal, in 512 metres"<br />
considered erroneous by Hulley 1972.Not found <strong>of</strong>f Natal<br />
Raja sp. 3 GOLOVAN 1978 Holotype ZISP 48434<br />
Range; S. Africa, W. & S. coast from N. Namibia to Algoa Bay in 130-1000 m.<br />
Mauritania to Guinea in 860-1920 m.<br />
R. BARNARDI (Norman) 1935 Bigthorn Skate<br />
Raja barnardi NORMAN 1935 t/l; Off Capetown, S. Africa.<br />
Raja confundens HULLEY 1970 t/l; Cape Columbine, S. Africa<br />
Raja dageti CAPAPE 1977 t/l; Guinea.<br />
Range; Off Cape Point, S. Africa to Namibia in 100-920 m.<br />
Northwest Africa in 600-1700 m.<br />
Gabon, West Africa in 100-600 m.<br />
R. DISSIMILIS (Hulley) 1970 Ghost Skate<br />
Raja dissimilis HULLEY 1970 t/l; Off Capetown , S. Africa (1000 m.)<br />
Raja sp. 4 GOLOVAN 1978 Holotype RUSI 35878<br />
Range; West coast <strong>of</strong> S. Africa from Orange River mouth to Cape Point in 420-1016 m.<br />
Northwest Africa in 1200-1640 m.<br />
R. RAVIDULA (Hulley) 1970 Smoothback Skate<br />
Raja (Rajella) ravidula HULLEY 1970 t/l; 0ff Capetown, S. Africa<br />
Range; S. Namibia to Cape Poin in 496-1016 m..<br />
Morocco in 1250 m.<br />
R. SADOWSKYI (Krefft & Stehmann) 1974 Brazilian Skate<br />
Raja sadowskii KREFFT 1974 t/l; Brazilian Basin<br />
Range;Brazilian Basin.<br />
R. BIGELOWI (Stehmann) 1978 Bigelow's Skate<br />
Raja bathyphilla GOLOVAN 1978 (lapsus) (part)<br />
Raja sp. 2 GOLOVAN 1978 Holotype ZISP 48412<br />
Raja bigelowi STEHMANN 1978 t/l; N.W. Atlantic<br />
Raja (Rajella) sp. 1 STEHMANN 1991 t/l; Mauritania in 2000 m.<br />
Range; North Atlantic 650-2200 m. Off west coast <strong>of</strong> Africa, Rio de Oro to Guinea in 1000-2000 m.<br />
R. KUKUJEVI (Dolganev) 1985 Mid-Atlantic Skate<br />
Raja kukujevi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; N. E. Atlantic<br />
Range; N.E. Atlantic<br />
R. (Rajella) sp. 2 STEHMANN 1990 Blanched Skate<br />
Range; Eastern North Atlantic.<br />
126
R. (Rajella) sp. SERET &ISHHARA Longnose Deepwater Skate<br />
Range; Malagasy Ridge, SW Indian Ocean<br />
R. (Rajella) sp. SERET Madagascar Deepwater Skate<br />
Range; Madagascar<br />
R. (Rajella) sp. P LAST & STEVENS 1993 Challenger Skate<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Aus. from Sydney, NSW to Albany, W. Australia.<br />
FC 00 031040<br />
Subfamily AMBLYRAJINAE<br />
Genus AMBLYRAJA Malm 1877<br />
(Shorttail Skates)<br />
Amblyraja MALM 1877, type R.radiata DONOVAN 1807<br />
Raia ( Deltaraia ) LEIGH-SHARP 1924 type R.radiata DON.<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
A . RADIATA (Donovan) 1807 Starry Ray; Thorny<br />
Skate<br />
Raja fullonica FABRICIUS 1781 (non LINN. 1758 )<br />
Raia radiata DONOVAN 1807 t/l; Gt. Britain<br />
Raia scabrata GARMAN 1913 t/l; Massachusetts Bay<br />
Raja doello-juradoi POZZI 1935 t/l; Argentina.<br />
Range; Boreal North Atlantic south to Ireland and North Sea in <strong>the</strong> east and South Carolina in <strong>the</strong><br />
west, to 1000 m. .In <strong>the</strong> south Atlantic:- SW <strong>of</strong> Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope.(Upper slope) in 550-650 m.<br />
and Patagonia-Falklands Region to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Argentina.<br />
A. HYPERBOREA (Collett) 1878 Arctic or Boreal Skate; Bigmouth Skate<br />
Raja hyperborea COLLETT 1878 t/l;N.W. Spitzbergen<br />
Raja borea GARMAN 1899 t/l; Faroe Channel<br />
Raja badia GARMAN 1899 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Raja reversa LLOYD 1906 t/l; Arabian Sea, <strong>of</strong>f Baluchistan<br />
Raja frerichsi KREFFT 1968 t/l; Rio de la Plata, Argentina<br />
Raja robertsi HULLEY 1970 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Capetown , S.Africa (slope at 1350 m.)<br />
Raja taaf MEISSNER 1987 t/l; Crozet I., S.W. Indian Ocean<br />
R. (Amblyraja) sp. STEHMANN 1989 (Ashy Skate)<br />
Range; Spitzbergen & Novaya Zemlya south to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Norway & <strong>the</strong> Scotland-Iceland ridge in<br />
<strong>the</strong> east. South to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Greenland in <strong>the</strong> west. Off Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope, S. Africa; Rio de la<br />
Plata,Eastern South America; Off <strong>the</strong> west coast <strong>of</strong> North America (Br. Colombia to W. Coast <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico );Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama; North Japan; Tasmania & Victoria, South Australia; NZ.;Arabian Sea <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Baluchistan. Probably worldwide in deep cool waters.<br />
FC 00 031041<br />
127
A. GEORGIANA (Norman) 1938 Jensen's Starry<br />
Skate<br />
Raja granulata JENSEN 1914 (non GOODE & BEAN ) t/l;Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New England<br />
Raja georgiana NORMAN 1938 t/l; South Georgia I. , Scotia Sea<br />
Raja jenseni BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 (nom. nov. for R. granulata JENSEN)<br />
Range; Nova Scotia to S.New England; South Georgia I.,Scotia Sea.<br />
Subfamily GURGESIELLINAE<br />
Genus GURGESIELLA De Buen 1959<br />
Subgenus GURGESIELLA De Buen 1959<br />
Gurgesiella DE BUEN 1959, type Gurgesiella furvescens DE BUEN 1959<br />
G. FURVESCENS De Buen 1959 Dusky Finless Skate<br />
Gurgesiella furvescens DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Valparaiso , Chile<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f Valparaiso, Chile.<br />
G. ATLANTICA (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Atlantic Pygmy Skate<br />
Pseudoraja atlantica BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Nicaragua<br />
Ra; Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Nicaragua.<br />
G. DORSALIFERA McEachran 1980 Onefin Skate<br />
Gurgesiella dorsalifera McEACHRAN 1980 t/l; SW. Atlantic<br />
Ra; SW. Atlantic.<br />
Subgenus FENESTRAJA McEachran & Compagno 1982<br />
Neoraja (Fenestraja) McEACHRAN & COMPAGNO 1982, type Raja plutonia GARMAN 1881,<br />
referred to Gurgesiella by McEachran 1984.<br />
G. PLUTONIA (Garman) 1881 Pluto Skate<br />
Raia plutonia GARMAN 1881 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f S. Carolina & Georgia<br />
Raia albalinea VON BONDE & SWART 1923 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f S. Afr. in 280-600 fms.<br />
Raja acanthiderma FWLR. 1947 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Florida<br />
Range; S. Carolina to Florida; S. Africa<br />
G. SIBOGAE (Weber) 1913 Siboga Pygmy Skate<br />
Raja sibogae WEBER 1913 t/l; Bali Sea, 289 m.<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f Bali, Indonesia.<br />
128
G. ATRIPINNA (Bigelow & Schroeder ) 1950 Blackfin Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja atripinna BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f N. Central Cuba<br />
Ra;<strong>of</strong>f N. central Cuba.<br />
G. CUBENSIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1950 Cuban Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja cubensis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f N. Central Cuba<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f N. central Cuba.<br />
G. SINUSMEXICANUS (Bigelow & Schroeder ) 1950 Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja sinusmexicanus BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Pensacola,Florida.<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> west coast <strong>of</strong> Florida.<br />
G. ISHIYAMAI (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Plain Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja ishiyamai BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1962 t/l; Caribbaean Coast <strong>of</strong> Nicaragua .<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Nicaragua.<br />
G. MACEACHRANI Seret 1989 Madgascar Pygmy Skate<br />
Gurgesiella (Fenestraja) macechrani SERET 1989 t/l; Madagascar<br />
Ra;Madagascar.<br />
Genus MALACORAJA Stehmann 1970<br />
Raja (Malacoraja) STEHMANN 1970, type Raja mollis BIG. & SCHR. 1950<br />
(= R. spinacidermis)<br />
M. SENTA (Garman) 1885 Smooth Skate<br />
Raja senta GARMAN 1885 t/l; Provincetown, Massachusetts & Latlave Bank, Nova Scotia<br />
Ra; Nova Scotia to S. Carolina<br />
M. SPINACIDERMIS (Barnard) 1923 Roughskin Skate<br />
Raja spinacidermis BARNARD 1923 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Cape Pt., S. Afr.<br />
Raja mollis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1950 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Nova Scotia , 41 53 N., 65 35 W., in 858<br />
fms.<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f SW. Afr. 450-1570 m. (S. Namibia to Capetown)<br />
NW. Atl. slope above 40 N.<br />
NE. Atl. 62 45 N. 11 55 W. (one specimen)<br />
M. GARMANI (Whitley) 1939 Rosette Skate<br />
M. garmani garmani (WHITLEY) 1939<br />
Raja ornata GARMAN 1881 (non Raja (Actinobatis) ornata AGASSIZ 1838 ( FOSSIL ) t/l;<br />
Alligator Key ,Florida and S. Carolina<br />
Raja garmani WHITLEY 1939 (new name for R. ornata GARMAN 1881, Preocc. by<br />
AGASSIZ 1838)<br />
M. garmani lentiginosa (BIGELOW & SCHROEDER) 1951<br />
Raja lentiginosa BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1951 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Raja garmani lentiginosa McEACHRAN `1977<br />
M. garmani caribbaea (McEACHRAN) 1977<br />
Raja garmani caribbaea McEACHRAN 1977 t/l; G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
M. garmani virginica (McEACHRAN) 1977<br />
Raja garmani virginica McEACHRAN 1977 t/l; N. Carolina<br />
Range; New England to S. Florida and Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico (shelf & slope)<br />
129
M. FULIGINEA (Bigelow & Schroeder 1954) Sooty Skate<br />
Raja fuliginea BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1954 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
M. NIGERRIMA (De Buen) 1959 Blackish Skate<br />
Breviraja nigerrima DE BUEN 1959 t/l; Chile<br />
Range; Chile.<br />
M. PURPURIVENTRALIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1962 Purplebelly Skate<br />
Raja purpuriventralis BIG. & SCHR. 1962 t/l; G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
M. KREFFTI Stehmann 1978 Krefft's Skate<br />
Raja (Malacoraja ) kreffti STEHMANN 1978 t/l; NE. Atl.<br />
Ra; NE. Atlantic.<br />
Genus NEORAJA McEachran & Compagno 1982<br />
S<strong>of</strong>tnose Skates<br />
Neoraja McEACHRAN & COMPAGNO 1982, type Breviraja caerulea STEHMANN 1976.<br />
N. MAMILLIDENS (Alcock) 1889 Prickly Skate<br />
Raja mamillidens ALCOCK 1889 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Manaar, 597 fms.<br />
Breviraja mamillidens STEHMANN 1976<br />
Known from type specimen only.<br />
N. STEHMANNI (Hulley) 1972 South African Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja stehmanni HULLEY 1972 t/l; Cape Basin, Atlantic Ocean<br />
Neoraja (Neoraja) stehmanni McEACHRAN & COMPAGNO 1982<br />
Range; W. & S. coasts <strong>of</strong> S.Africa , from mouth <strong>of</strong> Orange River to Agulhas Bank. 292-1025 m.<br />
N. CAERULEA (Stehmann) 1976 Blue Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja caerulea STEHMANN 1976 t/l; Rockall Basin, West <strong>of</strong> British Isles<br />
Range; Rockall Basin.<br />
N. AFRICANA (Stehmann & Seret) 1983 West African Pygmy Skate<br />
Breviraja stehmanni GOLOVAN 1978 (non HULLEY 1972)<br />
Breviraja sp. 1 STEHMANN 1979<br />
Breviraja africana STEHMANN & SERET 1983 t/l;Gabon, West Africa<br />
Range; Rio de Oro to Gabon, West Africa. 900-1640 m.<br />
N. CAROLINENSIS McEachran & Stehmann 1984 Carolina Pygmy Skate<br />
Neoraja carolinensis McEACHRAN & STEHMANN 1984 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Carolina, USA<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f Carolina.<br />
Family SYMPTERYGIIDAE<br />
Subfamily SYMPTERYGINAE<br />
Tribe SYMPTERYGINI<br />
Genus SYMPTERYGIA M. & H. 1841<br />
Sympterygia M & H 1841, type S. bonapartei M & H 1841(no loc.)<br />
S. LIMA ( Poeppig ) 1835 Filetail Fanskate<br />
130
Raja lima POEPPIG 1835 t/l; Peru<br />
Raja anacanthostyla PHILIPPI 1896 t/l; Chile<br />
Raja chilensis STEINDACHNER 1898 n. sp. (non GUICHENOT 1848 ) t/l;Chile<br />
Raja steindachneri DELFIN 1901 t/l; Iquique, Chile. ( Fowler. 1910 designates this <strong>the</strong> nom. nov.<br />
for chilensis STEINDACHNER 1898 preoccupied.)<br />
Raja buergeri DELFIN 1902 t/l; Chile<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Peru and Chile.<br />
S. BONAPARTEI M & H 1841 Smallnose Fanskate<br />
Symptergia bonaparti M & H 1841 ( no loc. )<br />
Raja microps GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Argentina<br />
Raja marplatensis MARINI 1935 t/l; Argentina<br />
Range; Uruguay; N. Argentina<br />
S. ACUTA Garman 1877 Bignose Fanskate<br />
Sympterygia acuta GARMAN 1877 t/l; Buenos Aires, Argentina<br />
Raja echinorhyncha RIBEIRO 1923 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br />
Range; N. Argentina to SE. Brazil<br />
S. BREVICAUDATA ( Cope ) 1877 Shorttail Fanskate<br />
Psammobatis brevicaudatus COPE 1877 t/l; Pacasmayo Bay, Peru<br />
Psammobatis asper HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru<br />
Psammobatis caudispina HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru<br />
Psammobatis maculatus HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru<br />
Psammobatis chilcae HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Peru<br />
Range; Peru & Ecuador.<br />
Genus PSAMMOBATIS Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1870<br />
Psammobatis GUNTHER 1870 type Psammobatis rudis GUNTHER 1870<br />
Malacorhina GARMAN 1877 type Raja (Malacorhina) mira GARMAN 1877<br />
P. SCOBINA (Philippi) 1857 Raspthorn Sandskate<br />
Raja scobina PHILIPPI 1857 t/l; Chile.<br />
? Raja (Malacorhina) mira GARMAN 1877 t/l; Mejillones, Peru<br />
Psammobatis philippi DELFIN 1902 t/l; Chile<br />
Range; SE Pacific <strong>of</strong>f Chile 29 57 to 52 53 S. to <strong>the</strong> Patagonia-Falklands region. Peru if Raja<br />
(Malacorhina) mira GARMAN 1877 is really a synonym. Nominally from Ecuador. Probably all<br />
<strong>the</strong> way round Sou<strong>the</strong>rn South America from La Plata to Ecuador.<br />
P. RUDIS Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1870 Smallthorn<br />
Sandskate<br />
Psammobatis rudis GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Punta Arenas, Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Coast <strong>of</strong> S. America<br />
Range;Off Argentina 41 00 S. ( Golfo San Matias region) to 52 45 S. 80-127 m., Sou<strong>the</strong>rn S.<br />
America and Falklands.<br />
P. RUTRUM Jordan 1890 Spade<br />
Sandskate<br />
Psammobatis rutrum JORDAN 1890 t/l; Cape San Mateos 42 24 S., 61 38 W., in 43 fms.<br />
Malacorhina cirrifer REGAN 1914 t/l; Cape Frio,Brazil 22 56 S 41 43 W<br />
Range; SW Atlantic <strong>of</strong>f S.Brazil, Uruguay and N.Argentina<br />
P. EXTENTA (Garman) 1913 Zipper<br />
Sandskate<br />
Raia extenta GARMAN 1913 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br />
? Psammobatis sp. FIGUEIREDO 1977 t/l; SE Brazil<br />
Psammobatis glansdissimilis McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; SW Atl., <strong>of</strong>f Uruguay 35 08 S. 54 29 W. 40<br />
131
m.<br />
Range; SW Atlantic <strong>of</strong>f S.Brazil, Uruguay and N.Argentina 22 56 S to 42 00 S. 37-160 m.<br />
P. BERGI Marini 1932 Blotched<br />
Sandskate<br />
Psammobatis bergi MARINI 1932 t/l; Argentina<br />
Range; Uruguay and N. Argentina 23 43 S. to 38 25 S. 31-81 m.<br />
P. LENTIGINOSA McEachran 1983 Freckled<br />
Sandskate<br />
Psammobatis lentiginosus McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Uruguay<br />
Range; SW. Atlantic, <strong>of</strong>f Uruguay, S.Brazil and N.Argentina 32 00 S. to 45 00 S. in 84- 160 m.<br />
P. NORMANI McEachran 1983 Shortfin<br />
Sandskate<br />
Psammobatis normani McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; Nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> Falkland Is. 51 01 S., 58 54 W. 120m.<br />
Range; SW Atlantic <strong>of</strong>f Argentina 40 22 S. to 51 10 S. including Falkland Is. 70-145m.<br />
P. PARVACAUDA McEachran 1983 Smalltail Sandskate<br />
Psammobatis parvacauda McEACHRAN 1983 t/l; Nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> Falkland Is. 51 15 S., 57 16 W.<br />
121m.<br />
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> Falkland Is. (type locality only)<br />
Genus IROLITA Whitley 1931<br />
Irolita WHITLEY 1931 type Raja waitii McCULLOCH 1911<br />
I. WAITEI (McCulloch) 1911 Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Round<br />
Skate<br />
Raja waitii McCULLOCH 1911 t/l; NW. <strong>of</strong> Greenly I., S. Aus. 44 fms.<br />
Range; S. Australia<br />
FC 00 131001<br />
Irolita Sp. A Western Round<br />
Skate<br />
Irolita sp. A Last & Stevens 1993<br />
Ra; Shark Bay to Port Hedland, W. Australia<br />
FC 00 031017<br />
Tribe ARHYNCHOBATINI<br />
Genus ARHYNCHOBATIS Waite 1909<br />
Arhynchobatis WAITE 1909 type Arhynchobatis asperrimus WAITE 1909<br />
A. ASPERRIMUS Waite 1909 Longtailed<br />
Skate<br />
Arhynchobatis asperrimus WAITE 1909 t/l; Bay <strong>of</strong> Plenty , N.Z.<br />
? Raja arcata BANKS<br />
Range; New Zealand.<br />
Tribe PSEUDORAJINI<br />
Genus PSEUDORAJA Bigelow & Schroeder 1954<br />
Pseudoraja BIG. & SCHR. 1954 , type Pseudoraja fischeri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1954<br />
132
P. FISCHERI Bigelow & Schroeder 1954 Fanfin Skate<br />
Pseudoraja fischeri BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1954 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Tribe BATHYRAJINI<br />
Genus BATHYRAJA Ishyama 1958<br />
Raia (Zetaraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type Raja brachyura GUNTH. 1880<br />
(non LAFONT 1871) = R. brachyurops FWLR. 1910<br />
Raia (Theteraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924 type Raja eatoni GUNTH. 1876<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
Breviraja (Bathyraja ) ISHIYAMA 1958 , type Raja isotrachys GUNTH. 1877 (as subgenus)<br />
Breviraja (Arctoraja ) ISHIYAMA 1958 type Raja smirnovi SOLDATEV & PAVLENKO 1915<br />
Bathyraja ISHIYAMA & HUBBS 1968, type Raja.isotrachys GUNTH. 1877<br />
NOT Bathyraja (Arctoraja ) as defined by ISHIYAMA & HUBBS 1968 as this included groups<br />
possessing a pseudosyphon but having <strong>the</strong> stiff rostrum <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rajids (radiata and hyerborea)<br />
Stehmann has described 3 morphotypes in this genus without inferring any taxonomic<br />
implication.The following listing by this author (B.Mould) is an uncritical nomenchronology only.<br />
B. SMITHII ( M. & H. ) 1841 African S<strong>of</strong>tnose Skate<br />
Raja smithii M & H 1841 t/l; S. Africa<br />
Range; West & south coast <strong>of</strong> S.Africa, from Central Namibia to Agulhas Bank, South Africa. 650-<br />
1000 m.<br />
B. EATONI (Gun<strong>the</strong>r ) 1876 Eaton's Skate<br />
Raja eatoni GUNTHER 1876 t/l; Royal Sound, Kerguelen. Holotype: BMNH 1876.3.23.21<br />
Raia eatonii GARMAN 1913<br />
Thetaraia eatonii LEIGH-SHARPE 1924<br />
Range; Kerguelen & S. Shetland Is.<br />
B. ISOTRACHYS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r ) 1877 Raspback Skate<br />
Raja isotrachys GUNTHER 1877 t/l ; S. Coast <strong>of</strong> Japan ( 365 fms. )<br />
Breviraja ( Bathyraja ) isotrachys ISHIYAMA 1958<br />
Range; Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk to S. Japan<br />
B. PARMIFERA (Bean) 1881 Alaska Skate<br />
Raia parmifera BEAN 1881 t/l; Iliuliuk,Unalaska<br />
Range; Alaskan Seas.<br />
B. TRACHURA (Gilbert) 1892 Roughtail Skate<br />
Raia trachura GILB. 1892 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California ( 822 fms. )<br />
Bathyraja trachura STEHMANN & BURKEL 1984<br />
Range; Lower California to Alaska<br />
B. ABYSSICOLA (Gilbert) 1895 Deepsea Skate<br />
Raja abyssicola GILB. 1895 t/l; W. <strong>of</strong> Moresby Island , Br. Colombia( 1588 fms.) Single<br />
specimen<br />
Range; Deep waters <strong>of</strong>f Br. Columbia<br />
B. ALEUTICA (Gilbert) 1896 Aleutian Skate<br />
Raja aleutica GILB. 1896 t/l; Sannak Pass, Aleutian Is.<br />
Breviraja (Bathyraja) aleutica ISHIYAMA 1967<br />
Range; Aleutians; Kamchatka; Alaska ;Hokkaido<br />
B. KINCAIDII (Garman) 1908 Sandpaper Skate<br />
Raja kincaidii GARMAN 1908 t/l; Br.. Columbia<br />
133
Rhinoraja kincaidii DOLGANEV 1987<br />
Ra; Br. Colombia to SE Alaska<br />
B. BRACHYUROPS (Fowler) 1910 Broadnose Skate<br />
Raja brachyura GUNTHER 1880 ( non LAFONT 1871 ) t/l; Str. <strong>of</strong> Magellan<br />
Raja brachyurops FWLR. 1910 ( n.n. for above )<br />
Zetaraia brachyurops LEIGH-SHARPE 1924<br />
Raia gallardoi MARINI 1933 t/l; Argentina<br />
Range; Patagonia- Falklands Region & N. Arg.<br />
B. AGUJA (Kendall & Radcliffe) 1912 Aguja Skate<br />
Raja aguja KENDALL & RADCLIFFE 1912 t/l; Aguja Point, Peru<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f Aguja Pt., Peru.<br />
B. SPINICAUDA (Jensen) 1914 Spinetail Skate<br />
Raja spinicauda JENSEN 1914 t/l; Davis Str. SW Greenland<br />
Breviraja spinicauda BIG. & SCHR. 1965<br />
Bathyraja spinicauda STEHMANN 1970<br />
Range; subarctic N. Atlantic; Barents Sea ; SE Iceland;Davis Str.; south to Newfoundland &<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn North Sea.<br />
B. SMIRNOVI (Soldatev & Pavlenko) 1915 Golden Skate<br />
Raja binoculata SCHMIDT 1904 ( non GIRARD 1854 )<br />
Raja smirnovi SOLDATEV & PAVLENKO 1915 t/l; Peter <strong>the</strong> Great Bay, E. Siberia, Okhotsk<br />
Sea<br />
Breviraja ( Arctoraja ) smirnovi ISHIYAMA 1958<br />
Breviraja ( Arctoraja ) smirnovi ankasube ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; Wasaka Bay, Japan.<br />
Ra; Okhotsk & Bering Sea to Sakhalin & Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Sea <strong>of</strong> Japan<br />
B. MICROTRACHYS (Osburn & Nicholls ) 1916 Finespined Skate<br />
Raia microtrachys OSBURN & NICHOLLS 1916 tl; Lower California<br />
Range; Lower California.<br />
B. VIOLACEA (Suvarov) 1935 Okhotsk Skate<br />
Raja violacea SUVAROV 1935 t/l; Okhotsk Sea, W. Kamchatka<br />
Breviraja abisiriensis ISHIYAMA 1952 t/l; Abisiri, Okhotsk Sea<br />
Breviraja (Bathyraja ) violacea ISHIYAMA 1958<br />
Range; Okhotsk Sea<br />
B. GRISEOCAUDA ( Norman ) 1937 Graytail Skate<br />
Raja griseocauda NORMAN 1937 t/l; Patagonia -Falklands Region<br />
Range; Patagonia and <strong>the</strong> Falklands<br />
B. SCAPHIOPS (Norman) 1937 Cuphead Skate<br />
Raja scaphiops NORMAN 1937 t/l; N. <strong>of</strong> Falklands Is.<br />
Range; North <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Falklands<br />
B. SPINOSISSIMA (Beebe & Tee-Van ) 1941 Pacific White Skate<br />
Psammobatis spinosissimus B. & TV 1941 t/l; Cocos I.,E. Pacific<br />
Range; Cocos I., E.P acific.<br />
B. DIPLOTAENIA (Ishiyama) 1950 Duskypink Skate<br />
Breviraja diplotaenia ISHIYAMA 1950 t/l; Erimo Pen., Hokkaido<br />
Breviraja ( Bathyraja ) diplotaenia ISHIYAMA 1958<br />
Range; N.Japan<br />
B. MATSUBARAI (Ishiyama 1952 Darkbelly Skate<br />
Breviraja matsubarai ISHIYAMA 1952 t/l; Erimo Pen., Hokkaido<br />
134
Range; Deep Sea <strong>of</strong>f Hokkaido<br />
B. TRACHOUROS (Ishiyama) 1958 Eremo Skate<br />
Breviraja ( Bathyraja ) trachouros ISHIYAMA 1958 (non Raia trachura Gilbert 1892)<br />
t/l; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Hokkaido<br />
Range;Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Hokkaido<br />
B. LONGICAUDA (De Buen) 1959 Slimtail Skate<br />
Breviraja longicauda De BUEN 1959 t/l; Valparaiso, Chile<br />
Range;Chile.<br />
B. RICHARDSONI (Garrick) 1961 Richardson’s Skate<br />
Raja richardsoni GARRICK 1961 t/l; Cook Str., south <strong>of</strong> Cape Palliser, N.Z.<br />
Bathyraja richardsoni STEHMANN 1970<br />
Range ; N.Z.; NW Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay(slope).<br />
B. PALLIDA (Forster) 1967 Pallid Skate<br />
Breviraja pallida FORSTER 1967 t/l; NW Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay ( slope )<br />
Bathyraja pallida STEHMANN 1970<br />
Range;Bay <strong>of</strong> Biscay.<br />
B. SIMOTERUS (Ishiyama) 1967 Hokkaido Skate<br />
Raja parmifera ISHIYAMA 1950 ( non BEAN 1881 )<br />
Breviraja (Arctoraja ) simoterus ISHIYAMA 1967 t/l; Muroran, Japan<br />
Ra; Hokkaido,Japan.<br />
B. SCHROEDERI (Krefft) 1968 Whitemouth Skate<br />
Breviraja schroederi KREFFT 1968 t/l; Rio de la Plata , Argentina<br />
This name precludes <strong>the</strong> use by McEachran & Ma<strong>the</strong>son 1985<br />
Range;Rio de la Plata.<br />
B. MACCAINI Springer Skate1971 McCain’s Skate<br />
Bathyraja maccaini SPRINGER 1971 t/l; Low I., <strong>of</strong>f Antarctic Peninsula<br />
Range; Off Antarctic Pen. & S. Shetland Is.<br />
B. CAERULONIGRICANS Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Purpleblack Skate<br />
Bathyraja caerulonigricans Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; North Pacific<br />
Ra;N. Pacific.<br />
B. LINDBERGI Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Commander Skate<br />
Bathyraja lindbergi Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk, N. <strong>of</strong> Japan<br />
Ra;Sea <strong>of</strong> Okhotsk.<br />
B. MACULATA Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Whiteblotched Skate<br />
Bathyraja maculata Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; N. P ac.<br />
Ra;N. Pacific.<br />
B. MINISPINOSA Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Smallthorn Skate<br />
Bathyraja minispinosa Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; N. Pac.<br />
Ra;N. Pacific.<br />
B. NOTOROENSIS Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 Notoro Skate<br />
Bathyraja notoroensis Ishihara & Ishiyama 1977 t/l; N. Pac.<br />
Ra; N. Pacific.<br />
B. IRRASA Hureau & Ozouf-Costaz 1980 Kerguelen Sandpaper Skate<br />
Bathyraja irrasa HUREAU & OZOUF-COSTAZ 1980 t/l;Kerguelen I. S. Indian Ocean<br />
135
Ra; Kerguelen I.,South Indian Ocean.<br />
B. PERUANA McEachran & Miyake 1984 Peruvian Skate<br />
Bathyraja peruana McEACHRAN & MIYAKE 1984 t/l; Peru<br />
Ra;Peru<br />
B. cf. RICHARDSONI McEachran 1984 Pseudo-Richardson's Skate<br />
Bathyraja cf. richardsoni McEACHRAN 1984 t/l; NW Atl.<br />
Ra; NW Atlantic. <strong>of</strong>f Labrador & Newfoundland<br />
B. ANDRIASHEVI Dolganev 1985 Little-eyed Skate<br />
Bathyraja andriashevi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific<br />
Ra; Western Pacific.<br />
B. BERGI Dolganev 1985 Bottom Skate<br />
Bathyraja bergi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific<br />
Bathyraja pseudoisotrachys ISHIHARA & ISHIYAMA 1985 t/l; Japan<br />
Ra;Japan.<br />
B. FEDEROVI Dolganev 1985 Cinnamon Skate<br />
Bathyraja federovi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific<br />
Ra;Western Pacific.<br />
B. TZINOVSKII Dolganev 1985 Creamback Skate<br />
Bathyraja tzinovskii DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Western Pacific<br />
Ra;Western Pacific.<br />
B. SHUNTOVI Dolganev 1985 Narrownose Skate<br />
Bathyraja shuntovi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; SW Pacific<br />
Ra;SW. Pacific.<br />
B. PAPILIONIFERA Stehmann 1985 Butterfly Skate<br />
Bathyraja papilionifera STEHMANN 1985 t/l; Argentina<br />
Ra;Argentina.<br />
Bathyraja sp. 2 STEHMANN 1985 Antarctic.<br />
B. MERIDIONALIS Stehmann 1987 Darkbelly Skate<br />
Bathyraja sp. 1 STEHMANN 1985;1986<br />
Bathyraja meridionalis STEHMANN 1987 t/l; South Georgia I.<br />
Ra;South Georgia I.<br />
Bathyraja sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Abyssal Skate<br />
Known only from <strong>the</strong> Naturaliste Plateau, <strong>of</strong>f W. Aus. in 2300 m.<br />
FC 00 031016<br />
B. HESPERAFRICANA Stehmann 1995 Hesperafrican Skate<br />
Bathyraja sp. GOLOVAN 1978:202<br />
Bathyraja sp. STEHMANN 1991:29<br />
Bathyraja hesperafricana STEHMANN 1995 t/l;continental slope <strong>of</strong>f Senegal 15 02.5 N. 17 30W.;<br />
807 m. Holotype ISH 26-1980<br />
Range; Mauritania to Gabon 750-2000 m.<br />
136
Genus RHINORAJA Ishiyama 1952<br />
Raia (Etaraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type Raja murrayi GUNTH. 1880<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes ( Jordan 1925)<br />
Rhinoraja ISHIYAMA 1952 type Raja kujiensis TANAKA 1916<br />
R. MURRAYI (Gun<strong>the</strong>r ) 1880 Murray's<br />
Skate<br />
Raja murrayi GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Kerguelen ( known from type specimen only )<br />
Etaraia murrayi LEIGH-SHARPE 1924<br />
Range; Kerguelen<br />
R INTERRUPTA (Gill & Townsend) 1897 Bering<br />
Skate<br />
Raia interrupta GILL & TOWNSEND 1897 t/l; Bering Sea<br />
Rhinoraja interrupta DOLGANEV 1983<br />
Bathyraja interrupta STEHMANN & BURKEL 1984<br />
Bathyraja interrupta ISHIYAMA & ISHIHARA 1985<br />
Range; British Colombia to Alaska<br />
R. OBTUSA (Gill & Townsend) 1897 Blunt<br />
Skate<br />
Raia obtusa GILL & TOWNSEND 1897 t/l; Bering Sea<br />
Range; Alaskan Seas.<br />
R. ROSISPINIS (Gill & Townsend) 1897 Fla<strong>the</strong>ad<br />
Skate<br />
Raia rosispinis GILL & TOWNSEND 1897 t/l; Bering Sea<br />
Range; Alaskan Seas.<br />
R. MAGELLANICA (Philippi) 1901 Magellan<br />
Skate<br />
Raia magellanica PHILIPPI 1901 t/l; Str. <strong>of</strong> Magellan<br />
Raja magellanica STEIND. 1903 t/l;Punta Arenas (originally thought to be separate from<br />
magellanica PHILIPPI 1901)<br />
Bathyraja magellanica STEHMANN & BURKEL 1984<br />
Range; Str. <strong>of</strong> Magellan; Patagonia- Falklands Region<br />
R. KUJIENSIS (Tanaka) 1916 Dapple-bellied S<strong>of</strong>tnose<br />
Skate<br />
Raja kujiensis TANAKA 1916 t/l; Kuji, in Hitachi, Ibaranga Prefecture,NE <strong>of</strong> Tokyo<br />
Raja tobae TAN.. 1927( non TAN.1916 ) t/l; Rikuzen, Japan<br />
Raja karagea TAN. 1927( nom.nov.for tobae TAN. 1927 )<br />
Range; Deep waters <strong>of</strong>f Japan.<br />
R. ALBOMACULATA (Norman) 1937 White-dotted<br />
Skate<br />
Raja albomaculata NORMAN 1937 t/l; Patagonia -Falklands Region<br />
Range; Patagonia and <strong>the</strong> Falklands.<br />
R. MACLOVIANA (Norman) 1937 Patagonian<br />
Skate<br />
Raja macloviana NORMAN 1937 t/l; Patagonia - Falklands Region<br />
Range;Patagonia and <strong>the</strong> Falklands.<br />
R MULTISPINIS (Norman) 1937 Multispine<br />
Skate<br />
Raja multispinis NORMAN 1937 t/l; NW <strong>of</strong> Falklands<br />
137
Bathyraja multispinosa McEACHRAN & MIYAKE 1990 (emendation?)<br />
Range;NW. <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Falklands<br />
R. LONGICAUDA Ishiyama 1952 Whitebellied S<strong>of</strong>tnose<br />
Skate<br />
Rhinoraja longicauda ISHIYAMA 1952 t/l; Erimo Pen., Hokkaido, Japan<br />
Ra;Off N.Japan and <strong>the</strong> neighbouring Russian coast<br />
R ODAI Ishiyama 1958 Oda's<br />
Skate<br />
Rhinoraja odai ISHIYAMA 1958 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Izu Pen.,Japan<br />
Ra; Deep water <strong>of</strong>f Mid Honshu<br />
R. TARANETZI Dolganev 1985<br />
Mudskate<br />
Rhinoraja taranetzi DOLGANEV 1985 t/l; Bering Sea<br />
Bathyraja hubbsi ISHIHARA & ISHIYAMA 1985 t/l; Bering Sea<br />
Ra; Bering Sea<br />
R. LONGI Raschi & McEachran 1991 Aleutian Dotted<br />
Skate<br />
Rhinoraja longi RASCHI & McEACHRAN 1991 t/l; Aleutian Is.<br />
Subfamily RIORAJINAE<br />
Genus RIORAJA Whitley 1939<br />
Subgenus RIORAJA Whitley 1939<br />
Uraptera M. & H. 1837 type Uraptera agassizii M. & H. 1837<br />
(Preocc. by Uraptera BILLBERG 1820 in Lepidoptera )<br />
Rioraja WHITLEY 1939 type U. agassizii M & H (new name for Uraptera M & H )<br />
R. AGASSIZII ( M & H ) 1841 Rio<br />
Skate<br />
Uraptera agassizii M & H 1841 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<br />
Raja agassizii var. picta RIBEIRO 1903 (non LAC. 1802) t/l; Brazil<br />
Raja castelnaui RIBIERO 1907 ( non RIBIERO 1904 )<br />
Raja agassizii ribeiroi FWLR. 1910 (n.n. for R. agassizii var. picta RIBIERO)<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f E. Coast <strong>of</strong> Brazil<br />
Subgenus ATLANTORAJA Menni 1972<br />
Raia (Epsilonraia) LEIGH-SHARPE 1924, type Raja platana GUNTHER 1880 (Pseudogenus)<br />
Not valid as a subgeneric name.<br />
NB; Leigh-Sharpe's names are "pseudogenera" and are not intended as formal subgeneric names.<br />
They should be ignored for nomenclatural purposes (Jordan 1925)<br />
Raja (Atlantoraja) MENNI 1972, type Raja cyclophora RGN. 1903<br />
R. PLATANA (Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1880 La Plata Skate<br />
Raja platana GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Rio de la Plata<br />
Ra; Rio de la Plata.<br />
R. CYCLOPHORA ( Regan ) 1903 Eyespot Skate<br />
Raja cyclophora REGAN 1903 t/l; Rio de Janeiro<br />
Raja agassizii var. meta RIBEIRO 1903 t/l; Brazil<br />
Ra;<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> east coast <strong>of</strong> Brazil.<br />
138
R. CASTELNAUI ( Ribeiro ) 1904 Spotback Skate<br />
Raja castelnaui RIBEIRO 1904 t/l; Rio de Janeiro<br />
Ra;<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> east coast <strong>of</strong> Brazil.<br />
Rioraja (Atlantoraja) sp. COMPAGNO<br />
Subfamily PAVORAJINAE<br />
Genus PAVORAJA Whitley 1939<br />
Pavoraja WHITLEY 1931, type Raja nitida GUNTHER 1880<br />
Removed from <strong>the</strong> synonymy <strong>of</strong> Raja by McEachran & Fechhelm 1982; Pavoraja (Pavoraja)<br />
new subgenus and made type genus <strong>of</strong> new tribe Pavorajini.<br />
Subgenus PAVORAJA Whitley 1939<br />
Pavoraja WHITLEY 1931, type Raja nitida GUNTHER 1880<br />
P. NITIDA (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1880 Peacock Skate<br />
Raja nitida GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Tw<strong>of</strong>old Bay, NSW., Aus. 120 fms.<br />
Raja (Pavoraja) nitida WHITLEY 1939<br />
Range; NSW & Victoria, Aus<br />
FC 00 031009<br />
P. ALLENI McEachran & Fechhelm 1982 Allen's Skate<br />
Pavoraja alleni McEACHRAN & FECHHELM 1982 t/l; W. Aus.<br />
Range;Western Australia<br />
FC 00 031027<br />
Pavoraja (Pavoraja) sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Sandy Peacock Skate<br />
FC 00 031023<br />
Ra; Gt. Australian Bight between Eucla & Fowler's Bay.<br />
Pavoraja (Pavoraja) sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 False Peacock Skate<br />
FC 00 031025<br />
Ra; slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland, 210-500 m.<br />
Pavoraja (Pavoraja) sp. F Last & Stevens 1993 Dusky Skate<br />
FC 00 031026<br />
Ra; Slope <strong>of</strong>f E. Australia, C<strong>of</strong>f's Harbour ( NSW) to Moreton I., Queensland<br />
Subgenus "A" McEACHRAN 1984<br />
P. SPINIFERA (Garrick & Paul) 1974 Spiny Deepsea Skate<br />
Bathyraja spinifera GARRICK & PAUL 1974 t/l; Chatham Rise,N Z zone<br />
Ra; New Zealand Zone<br />
P. ASPERULA (Garrick & Paul) 1974 Prickly Deepsea Skate<br />
Bathyraja asperula GARRICK & PAUL 1974 t/l; Mayor I., N Z<br />
Ra; New Zealand<br />
139
Subgenus INSENTIRAJA Yearsley & Last 1992<br />
Pavoraja (Insentiraja) YEARSLEY & LAST 1992, type Pavoraja (Insentiraja) laxipella<br />
YEARSLEY & LAST 1992<br />
P. LAXIPELLA Yearsley & Last 1992 Eastern Looseskin Skate<br />
Pavoraja (Insentiraja) laxipella YEARSLEY & LAST 1992 t/l; N.E. <strong>of</strong> Diamond Islets,<br />
Queensland 16 55 S., 151 34 E. in 880 m.<br />
Holotype ; CSIRO H. 609.02<br />
Pavoraja sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
FC 00 031021<br />
Range; slope <strong>of</strong>f Cairns, Queensland<br />
Pavoraja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Western Looseskin Skate<br />
Pavoraja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 t/l; slope <strong>of</strong>f Lancelin & Ashmore Reef 610-1200 m.<br />
FC 00 031022<br />
Genus PAVORAJA Whitley 1939<br />
Unnamed Australian Species Not Subgenerically Assigned.<br />
Pavoraja sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 Mosaic Skate<br />
FC 00 031024<br />
Ra; Slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland, between Ingham & Mackay 300-400 m.<br />
Pavoraja sp. SERET New Caledonia. Sp. dub.<br />
Genus NOTORAJA Ishiyama 1958<br />
Breviraja (Notoraja ISHIYAMA 1958 ,type Raja tobitukai HIYAMA 1940<br />
Raised to generic rank by Stehmann 1989.<br />
N. TOBITUKAI (Hiyama) 1940 Leadhued Skate<br />
Raja isotrachys MATSUBARA 1936 (non GUNTHER )<br />
Raja tobitukai HIYAMA 1940 t/l; Kumano Nada , Japan<br />
Breviraja (Notoraja) tobitukai ISHIYAMA 1967<br />
Ra; Deep sea Pacific Coasts <strong>of</strong> Japan.<br />
N. SUBTILISPINOSA Stehmann 1989 Velvet Skate<br />
Notoraja subtilispinosa STEHMANN 1989 t/l; Philippines<br />
Range; Philippines<br />
N. OCHRODERMA McEachran & Last 1994 Pale Skate<br />
Notoraja sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 t/l; Off Cairns, Queensland.<br />
Notoraja ochroderma McEACHRAN & LAST 1994 t/l; Off Cairns, Queensland.<br />
Range; Queensland.<br />
00 031019<br />
Notoraja sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Blue Skate<br />
00 031018<br />
Range; temperate Aus. from SW Western Aus. to Solitary I., NSW.<br />
There are 3 regional forms perhaps representing different spp.<br />
Notoraja sp. C Last & Stevens 1993 Ghost Skate<br />
00 031015<br />
cont. slope from Shark Bay to Monte Bello Is., W. Aus.<br />
140
Notoraja sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 Blotched Skate<br />
00 031020<br />
slope <strong>of</strong>f Eucla, W. Aus.<br />
Notoraja sp. SERET Madagascar S<strong>of</strong>tnose Skate<br />
Family ANACANTHOBATIDAE<br />
(Legskates)<br />
Genus ANACANTHOBATIS Von Bonde & Swart 1923<br />
Subgenus ANACANTHOBATIS Von Bonde & Swart 1923<br />
Leiobatus Von BONDE & SWART 1922 (non KLEIN 1775 [inadm.]; non RAFINESQUE 1810;<br />
non BLAINV. 1816; non BLKR. 1854 ), type Leiobatus marmoratus VB. & S. 1922<br />
Anacanthobatis Von BONDE & SWART 1923 (new name for above, preocc.)<br />
A. MARMORATUS (VB. & S.) 1922 Spotted Legskate<br />
Leiobatis marmoratus VB. & S. 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Afr.<br />
Leiobatis dubius VB..& S. 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Afr.<br />
Anacanthobatis marmoratus VB. & S. 1923<br />
Anacanthobatis dubius VB. & S. 1923<br />
Springeria dubia BIG. & SCHR. 1951<br />
Range; E.Coast <strong>of</strong> S. Afr., Durban to S. Moz., upper slope<br />
A. LONGIROSTRIS Big & Schr. 1962 Longnose Legskate<br />
Anacanthobatis longirostris BIG & SCHR 1962 t/l; G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Subgenus SPRINGERIA Bigelow & Schroeder 1951<br />
Springeria BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1951, type Springeria folirostris B. & S. 1951<br />
A. FOLIROSTRIS (Bigelow & Schroeder) 1951 Leafnose Legskate<br />
Springeria folirostris BIG.. & SCHR. 1951 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Missippi, G. <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mississippi<br />
A. ORI (Wallace) 1968 Black Legskate<br />
Springeria ori WALLACE 1968 t/l; Bazaruto I., Mozambique Channel<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f central Mozambique & Madagascar 1000- 1275m.<br />
Subgenus SCHROEDEROBATIS Hulley 1973<br />
Anacanthobatis (Schroederobatis) HULLEY 1973, type Anacanthonbatis americanus BIG. &<br />
SCHR. 1962<br />
A. AMERICANUS Bigelow & Schroeder 1962 American Legskate<br />
Anacanthobatis americanus BIG. & SCHR. 1962 t/l; Caribbaean between Grenada &<br />
Venezuela.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Caribbaean<br />
Subgenus SINOBATIS Hulley 1973<br />
Anacanthobatis (Sinobatis ) HULLEY 1973, type Anacanthobatis borneensis CHAN 1965<br />
A. BORNEENSIS Chan 1965 Borneo Legskate<br />
Anacanthobatis borneensis CHAN 1965 t/l; Borneo<br />
Range; Borneo<br />
141
A. MELANOSOMA (Chan) 1965 Blackbodied Legskate<br />
Springeria melanosoma CHAN 1965 t/l ; S. China Sea<br />
Range; S. China Sea<br />
A. NANHAIENSIS (Meng & Li ) 1981 South China Legskate<br />
Springeria nanhaiensis MENG & LI 1981 t/l; S. China Sea<br />
Range; S. China Sea<br />
A. STENOSOMA ( Chu, Meng & Li ) 1982 Narrow Legskate<br />
Springeria stenosoma CHU,MENG & HU 1982 t/l; S. China Sea<br />
Range; S. China Sea<br />
A. DONGHAIENSIS (Deng, Xiong &Zhan) 1983 East China Legskate<br />
Springeria donghaiensis DENG, XIONG & ZHAN 1983 t/l;East China Sea<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f Eastern China<br />
UN NAMED AUSTRALIAN SPP.<br />
Anacanthobatis sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Western Legskate<br />
Range; W. Aus., Geraldton to Ashmore reef 420- 1120 m.,Aus.<br />
FC 00 033001<br />
Anacanthobatis sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Legskate<br />
Range; slope <strong>of</strong>f Queensland, Cairns to Swain Reefs 680-880 m.,Aus.<br />
FC 00 033002<br />
Anacanthobatis sp. A third undescribed species has recently been caught <strong>of</strong>f W.Australia.<br />
Anacanthobatis sp. SERET Indonesia. ? Syn. <strong>of</strong> sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Genus CRURIRAJA Bigelow & Schroeder 1948<br />
Cruriraja BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1948, type Cruriraja atlantis BIGELOW & SCHROEDER<br />
1948<br />
C. ANDAMANICA (Lloyd ) Andaman Legskate<br />
Raia andamanica LLOYD 1909 t/l; Andaman Sea, 279 fms. (type specimen only)<br />
Ra; Andaman Sea.<br />
C. PARCOMACULATA (Von Bonde & Swart ) 1922 Roughnose Legskate<br />
Raia parcomaculata VB. & S. 1922 t/l; Natal, S. Afr.<br />
Ra; Luderitz, S. Namibia to S. Mozambique 150-620 m.<br />
C. DURBANENSIS (Von Bonde & Swart) 1922 Smoothnose Legskate<br />
Raia durbanensis VB. & S. 1922 t/l; SW Coast <strong>of</strong> S. Afr.(West coast <strong>of</strong> Pt. Nulloth in 470<br />
fms.) NOT <strong>of</strong>f Durban, E. coast <strong>of</strong> S. Afr. as name would suggest.<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f S.W. <strong>of</strong> Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope. 859 m. Holotype only.<br />
C. ATLANTIS Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 Atlantic Legskate<br />
Cruriraja atlantis BIG. & SCHR. 1948 t/l; N. Central Cuba<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f North coast <strong>of</strong> central Cuba.<br />
C. POEYI Bigelow & Schroeder 1948 Cuban Legskate<br />
Cruriraja poeyi BIG. & SCHR. 1948 t/l; N. coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba & <strong>of</strong>f St. Augustine, Florida<br />
Ra; North coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba to St. Augustine. Florida.<br />
C. RUGOSA Bigelow & Schroeder 1958 Rough Legskate<br />
Cruriraja rugosa BIG. & SCHR. 1958 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
142
Ra; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
C. CADENATI Bigelow & Schroeder 1962 Broadfoot Legskate<br />
Cruiraja cadenati BIG. & SCHR. 1962 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Florida<br />
Ra; Florida.<br />
C. TRIANGULARIS J.L.B. Smith 1964 Triangular Legskskate<br />
Cruriraja triangularis J.L.B. Smith 1964 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Durban, S.Afr.<br />
Ra; E. coast <strong>of</strong> S. Afr, from Durban to S. Mozambique<br />
RAJIFORMES INCERTAE SEDIS<br />
Australian Species <strong>of</strong> Uncertain Taxa<br />
"Subgenus" SPINIRAJA Whitley 1939<br />
Raja ( Spiniraja ) WHITLEY 1939, type Raja ( Spiniraja ) ogilbyi WHITLEY 1939 = Raja whitleyi<br />
IREDALE 1938<br />
R. WHITLEYI Iredale 1938 Melbourne<br />
Skate<br />
Raja oxyrhynchus CASTELNAU 1872 (non oxyrinchus LINN. ) t/l; Victoria, Aus.<br />
Raya rostrata CASTELNAU 1873 ( non SHAW & NODDER 1795, LAC. 1802, RISSO 1810 )<br />
t/l; Melbourne, Australia.<br />
Raia scabra OGILBY 1888 (non LINN. ) t/l; NSW., Aus.<br />
Raja whitleyi IREDALE 1938 ( n.n. for R. rostrata CASTELNAU ) t/l; Melbourne, S. Aus.<br />
Raja (Spiniraja) ogilbyi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; NSW., Aus.<br />
Range ; NSW to Melbourne, S. Aus.<br />
FC 00 031006<br />
" Subgenus " DENTIRAJA Whitley 1940<br />
Raja (Dentiraja) WHITLEY 1940, type Raja (Dentiraja) dentata WHITLEY 1940 = Raja<br />
lemprieri RICHARDSON<br />
R. LEMPRIERI Richardson 1846 Australian Thornback Skate<br />
Raja lemprieri RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Port Arthur, Tasmania<br />
Raja acutidens OWEN 1853 t/l; S. Aus.<br />
Raja parvidens OWEN 1853 t/l; S. Aus.<br />
Raja molaridens OWEN 1853 t/l; S. Aus.<br />
Raja dentata KLUNZINGER 1872 t/l; Pt. Phillip, Tasmania<br />
Raja lamprieri MACLEAY 1883 t/l; Pt. Phillip, Tasmania ( mis-spelling )<br />
Range; S. Aus. to Tasmania.<br />
FC 00 031007<br />
(subgenus Okamejei?)<br />
"Subgenus" ARGORAJA Whitley 1940<br />
Raja (Argoraja) WHITLEY 1940, type Raja (Argoraja) polyommata WHITLEY 1940<br />
R. POLYOMMATA Ogilby 1910 Argus Skate<br />
Raja polyommata OGILBY 1910 t/l; Cape Moreton to North Reef, Queensland,Aus.<br />
Range; Queensland, Aus.<br />
FC 00 031042<br />
143
Unassigned to Subgenus in Genus RAJA<br />
Raja sp. D Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031030 False Argus Skate or Eye Skate<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f W. Aus. between Dampier & Pt. Hedland.<br />
Raja. sp. E Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031031 Ocellate<br />
Skate<br />
Ra; <strong>of</strong>f W. Aus. between Shark Bay & Bunbury in 200-250m.<br />
Raja sp. M Last & Stevens 1993 FC 00 031038 Pygmy Thornback<br />
Skate<br />
Ra; Continental shelf <strong>of</strong>f S. Aus. from Albany, W. Aus. to Victor Harbour, S. Aus. (subg.<br />
Okamejei?)<br />
Nom. dub. & inc. sed.<br />
Raja nigra LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen (sp. dub.)<br />
Raja apteronota LAC. 1802 t/l; Rouen (sp. dub.)<br />
Cephaleu<strong>the</strong>rus RAF. 1810 Type C. maculatus RAF. 1810 (Sicily) Name based on imperfectly<br />
formed specimen not currently assigned to species<br />
Raja brasiliensis M. & H. 1841 t/l; Brazil (sp. dub)<br />
Hieroptera FLEMING 1841 type H. abredonensis FLEMING 1841 Name based on imperfectly<br />
formed specimen not currently assigned to species<br />
Eleu<strong>the</strong>rocephalus AGASSIZ 1846 (substitute for Cephaleu<strong>the</strong>rus )<br />
Peroptera GISTEL 1848 (Misspelling <strong>of</strong> Hieroptera)<br />
Perioptera GISTEL 1848 (Misspelling <strong>of</strong> Hieroptera)<br />
Raja chinensis BASILEWSKY 1855 t/l; Peking ? (sp. dub.)<br />
Raja punctata WOODWARD 1900 t/l; Freemantle, W. Aus. ( n. nud.)<br />
Raja arctowskii DOLLO 1904 egg-cases, Antarctic<br />
Raja atriventralis FOWLER 1933 t/l; Japan (perhaps in error) (sp.<br />
dub.)<br />
Raja (Uraptera ) joberti [VAILLANT ] BERTIN 1939 Nat. Mus. Hist.<br />
Nat., Paris<br />
Raja sp.A (Kumada & Hiyama 1937) BEEBE & TEEVAN 1941 Pac. coast <strong>of</strong><br />
Mexico<br />
Raja sp. B (Kumada & Hiyama 1937)B & TV 1941 Pac. cst. <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
Raja batoides FUNDELE et al. 1985 (typographical error?)<br />
Rhinobatidae or Rajidae Incertae Sedis<br />
Genus TARSISTES Jordan 1919<br />
Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857 (non Rhynchobatus MUELLER & HENLE) No trivial name<br />
applied.<br />
Tarsistes JORDAN 1919 new mame for Rhynchobatis PHILIPPI 1857, type Tarsistes philippii<br />
JORDAN 1919 sp. n.<br />
T. PHILIPPII Jordan 1919<br />
Rhynchobatis sp. PHILIPPI 1857 t/l; Juan Fernandez, Chile.<br />
Tarsistes philippii JORDAN 1919 new name for <strong>the</strong> above which was based on <strong>the</strong> dried head <strong>of</strong> a<br />
large ray with a long thin flat snout and was not given a trivial name by <strong>the</strong> original author.<br />
FOSSIL<br />
Actinobatis AGASSIZ 1838 Type Raja (Actinobatis ) ornata AGASSIZ<br />
Senior homonym <strong>of</strong> R. ornata GARMAN 1881<br />
144
ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES<br />
Family DASYATIDAE<br />
(Stingrays)<br />
Genus DASYATIS Rafinesque 1810<br />
Dasybatus KLEIN 1775 (inadmissible work) type Raja pastinaca LINN. 1758<br />
Dasybatus WALBAUM 1792 ( inadmissible wk. ) type Raja pastinaca L. 1758<br />
Dasyatis RAF. 1810 , type Dasyatis ujo RAF . 1810 ( = R. pastinaca L. )<br />
Uroxis RAF. 1810, type Uroxis ujo RAF. 1810 ( = R. pastinaca L. )<br />
Trygonobatus BLAINV. 1816*, type Trygonobatus vulgaris BLAINV. 1816<br />
( = R. pastinaca LINN. 1758)<br />
Trygon ( ADANSON ) CUV. 1817 type R. pastinaca L.<br />
Hypanus RAF. 1818 type Raja say LeSUEUR 1817<br />
Trygonobatis BLAINV. 1825 type R. pastinaca LINN.<br />
Pastinacae NARDO 1827 type R. pastinaca LINN.<br />
Pastinacha SWAINSON 1839 (non SWAINSON 1838) type P. olivacea SWAINS. = R.<br />
pastinaca LINN.<br />
Dasibatis AGASSIZ 1843 (emendation)<br />
Pastinachus GARMAN 1913 type R. pastinachus LINN.<br />
*Trygonobatis BLAINVILLE 1816, 9 spp. were listed, as follows:-<br />
T. pastinachus<br />
T. uarnak (see Himantura)<br />
T. sephen ( see Hypolophus)<br />
T. imbricatus (see Himantura)<br />
T. vulgaris ( = pastinaca)<br />
T. longicaudatus ( = uarnak) (see Himantura)<br />
T. dorsatus (? = imbricata) (see Himantura)<br />
T.. sindrachus (? = uarnak) (see Himantura)<br />
T. russellianus (? = uarnak) (see Himantura)<br />
D. PASTINACA ( Linn. ) 1758 Shorttail Obtusenose<br />
Stingray<br />
Pastinaca marina BELON 1551 ;<br />
Raia pastinaca LINN. 1758 t/l; " Europe "<br />
Pastinaca laevis GRONOV. 1763 (Inadmiss.)<br />
Dasyatis ujo RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
Uroxis ujus RAF. 1810 t/l; Sicily<br />
? Trygonobatus vulgaris BLAINV.1816 (n.nud)<br />
Trygon vulgaris RISSO 1826 t/l; Estuary <strong>of</strong> River Var<br />
145
Pastinaca olivacea SWAINSON 1839<br />
Trygon akajei BURGER in M. & H. 1841 t/l; S.W. Japan<br />
Pastinaca laevis GRAY 1854 t/l; Atlantic Coast <strong>of</strong> Europe<br />
? Dasyatis laevigata CHU 1960 t/l; Yantai, China<br />
Dasyatis tortonesei CAPAPE 1977 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Tunis<br />
Dasyatis laosensis ROBERTS & KARNASUTA 1987 t/l; Mekong R., Laos & Thailand<br />
? Dasyatis sp. COMPAGNO & COOK 1994 t/l; China (freshwater)<br />
Range; W. Baltic (rare), Skagerrak & Sou<strong>the</strong>rn North Sea to Med. & Black Sea & adj. parts <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Atlantic to Morocco.<br />
Japan, East China Sea , Korea ? China in freshwater.<br />
D. NAVARRAE (Steindachner) 1892 Longtail Obtusenose<br />
Stingray<br />
Trygon navarrae STEINDACHNER 1892 t/l; Shanghai<br />
Dasyatis ushiei JORDAN & HUBBS 1925 t/l; Mikawa Bay, Japan<br />
Range; East China Sea and Japan.<br />
D. SAY (LeSueur) 1817 Large Bluntnose<br />
Stingray<br />
Raja say LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; New Jersey<br />
Trygon sayi M. & H. 1841 t/l; Martinique ; Sta. Domingo ; N. Y.<br />
Trygon brevis GARMAN 1879 t/l; Payta , Peru<br />
Dasyatis hawaiensis JENKINS 1904 t/l; Honolulu,Hawaii<br />
Range; Coastal Waters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western N. Atlantic, New Jersey to N. Argentina. Rare on <strong>the</strong><br />
continental coast <strong>of</strong> western Caribbaean & Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico.)<br />
Eastern Pacific; Peru; Galapagos; Hawaiian Is.<br />
D. IZUENSIS Nishida & Nakaya 1988 Izu Stingray<br />
Dasyatis izuensis NISHIDA & NAKAYA 1988 t/l; Izu Pen., Japan<br />
Range; Izu Pen., Japan<br />
Dasyatis sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Australian Dwarf Black Stingray<br />
Dasyatis sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l;<strong>of</strong>f Pt. Hedland, NW Aus.<br />
FC 00 035021<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f NW. Australia<br />
Genus AMPHOTISTIUS Garman 1913<br />
Amphotistius GARMAN 1913 type Trygon sabina LESUEUR 1824<br />
Toshia WHITLEY 1933 type Dasyatis fluviorum OGILBY 1908<br />
GUTTATUS Group<br />
GUTTATUS Subgroup<br />
A. GUTTATUS (Bl. & Schn.) 1801 Longnose Scaly-back Stingray<br />
Raia tuberculee LAC. 1800<br />
Raja tuberculata LAC. 1800 ( non BONN. 1788 ) t/l; Cayenne<br />
Raja guttata BL. & SCHN. 1801 S. America<br />
Trygon gymnura MUELLER 1835 t/l; Rio de Janeiro<br />
Trygon osteosticta MUELLER 1835 t/l; Rio de Janeiro<br />
Trygon jabelara MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Brazil<br />
Range; Inshore continental coast <strong>of</strong> S.Brazil to S.Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico; W. Indies.<br />
146
CHRYSONOTUS Subgroup<br />
A. CHRYSONOTUS (A. Smith) 1828 Blue-marbled Stingray<br />
Trygon chrysonota A. SMITH 1828 t/l; S. Africa<br />
Trygon pastinaca var. marmorata STEIND. 1892 t/l;Goree Bay, Senegambia<br />
Range; W.Africa from Senegambia to Natal, S. Africa.<br />
A. FLUVIORUM Ogilby 1908 Australian Brown Estuary Stingray<br />
Trygon pastinaca MACLEAY 1878 (non LINN.)<br />
Dasybatus fluviorum TOSH 1903 (n.nud.)<br />
Dasyatis fluviorum OGILBY 1908 t/l; Brisbane R., Queensland<br />
FC 00 035008<br />
Range;New Guinea to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terr., Aus, and to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn New South Wales<br />
A. ANNOTATUS Last 1987 Australian Plain Maskray<br />
Dasyatis sp 1 GOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984<br />
Amphotistius sp 1 SAINSBURY et al 1985<br />
Dasyatis annotatus LAST 1987 t/l; W. Aus. & N. Terr., Aus.<br />
FC 00 035012<br />
Range;W. Aus. & N.Terr., Aus.<br />
LONGUS Subgroup<br />
A. LONGUS (Garman) 1880 Longtail Diamond Stingray<br />
Trygon longa GARMAN 1880 t/l; Acapulco & Panama<br />
Dasybatus dipterurus JORDAN & GILBERT 1880 t/l; San Diego, California<br />
Dasibatus hastatus GARMAN 1883 (non DeKAY 1842 ) t/l; Rio de Janeiro<br />
Trygon sinensis STEIND. 1892 t/l; Shanghai Range; Off E. China<br />
Dasyatis americana HILDEBRAND & SCHROEDER 1928 (new name for Dasibatus hastatus<br />
GARMAN 1883, preocc. by DeKAY 1842 = centroura) t/l; Chesapeake Bay.<br />
Dasyatis scabrata FOWLER 1942 t/l; Matanzas & Havana, Cuba<br />
Range; American tropical & subtropical coastal waters from <strong>the</strong> Pacific Coast <strong>of</strong> Panama to<br />
California, possibly fur<strong>the</strong>r north. and from Florida (rarely fur<strong>the</strong>r north) to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br />
Tropical West Africa. Off Eastern China.<br />
SABINUS Group<br />
SABINUS subgroup<br />
A. SABINUS (LeSueur) 1824 American Little Pointnose Stingray<br />
Trygon sabina LESUEUR 1824 t/l; Florida<br />
?Trygon sp. dubia CHUCO 1868<br />
? Trygon sp.dubia POEY 1876 t/l; Cuba<br />
Dasyatis no. 543 POEY 1876 t/l; Cuba<br />
Range;Chesapeake Bay to Florida & Cuba . Possibly south to Surinam & Brazil. Coastal and<br />
freshwater.<br />
MARGARITA subgroup<br />
A. MARGARITA (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1870 Daisy Stingray, Greater Pearl Stingray<br />
Trygon margarita GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Old Calabar River, Gabon, W. Africa<br />
Dasyatis sp. BLACHE, CADENAT & STAUCH 1970<br />
Range; Gabon and Nigeria, Tropical West Africa<br />
A. GAROUAENSIS (Stauch & Blanc) 1962 Niger Smooth Freshwater Stingray<br />
Potamotrygon garouaensis STRAUCH & BLANC 1962 t/l; Benue River at Malape, Cameroon<br />
Dasyatis sp. KREFFT 1968<br />
147
Range; Cameroons, W. Africa<br />
A. MARGARITELLUS (Compagno & Roberts) 1984 Lesser Pearl Stingray<br />
Trygon margarita GUNTHER 1870 (part)<br />
Dasyatis margaritella COMPAGNO & ROBERTS 1984 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Cameroon, W. Africa<br />
Range; Cameroons<br />
ZUGEI group<br />
A. ZUGEI (M.& H) 1841 Pale-edged Spearnose<br />
Stingray<br />
Trygon zugei BURGER in M. & H. 1841 t/l; Japan.<br />
Trygon crozieri BLYTH 1860 t/l; Lower Bengal<br />
Dasyatis cheni TENG 1962 Taiwan<br />
Dasyatis acutirostra NISHIDA & NAKAYA 1988 t/l; S. Japan<br />
Range; Japan, India, Burma, Malaya, Indonesia, China & Indo-China.<br />
A. GEIJSKESI Boeseman 1948 Wingfin<br />
Stingray<br />
Dasyatis geijskesi BOESEMAN 1948 t/l; Surinam<br />
Range; Surinam<br />
Genus NEOTRYGON Castelnau 1873<br />
Neotrygon CASTELNAU 1873 type N. trigonoides CASTELNAU 1873 = kuhlii.<br />
Neotrygon WHITLEY 1940 type Trygon kuhlii M. & H. 1841<br />
N. KUHLI (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Blue-spotted<br />
Maskray<br />
Trygon glauconotus KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.) Java<br />
Trygon kuhlii M. & H. 1841 Vanikoro , New Hebrides<br />
Trygon glauconotus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Java<br />
Raya (Neotrygon) trigonoides CASTELNAU 1873 t/l; New Caledonia<br />
Dasybatus varidens GAR. 1885 t/l; Hong Kong<br />
Trygon kuhelii PEARSON 1918 (lapsus for kuehli)<br />
Dasyatis maculatus MIYOSI 1939 t/l; Hyuga Nada , Japan<br />
FC 00 035004<br />
Range;Throughout tropical Indo- West Pacific from E. & S. Africa to Japan, Australia, Micronesia<br />
& Polynesia.<br />
N. LEYLANDI Last 1987 Australian Painted<br />
Maskray<br />
Amphotistius sp 2 SAINSBURY et al. 1985<br />
Dasyatis leylandi LAST 1987 t/l; W. Aus.<br />
Dasyatis sp. ALLEN & SWAINSTON 1988<br />
FC 00 035013<br />
Range; Western Australia<br />
NEOTRYGON sp. Amphotistius sp. no. 3 SAINSBURY, KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Neotrygon kuhlii WHITLEY 1940 (part)<br />
Neotrygon kuhlii MONROE 1956 (part)<br />
Amphotistius sp. no. 3 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Genus HEMITRYGON M. & H. 1838<br />
Hemitrygon M. & H. 1838 type Trygon bennettii M.& H. 1841<br />
148
H. BENNETTI (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Short Subfold<br />
Stingray<br />
Trygon bennettii M. & H. 1841 t/l; East China Sea<br />
Trygon carnea RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Macao<br />
Range;China,Indo-China, Amoy, Luzon.<br />
H. PACIFICA (Beebe & Tee-Van) 1941 Costa Rican Stingray<br />
Dasyatis pacificus BEEBE & TEE-VAN 1941 t/l; Port Parker, Pacific Coast <strong>of</strong> Costa Rica.<br />
Range;Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Costa Rica.<br />
Genus BATHYTOSHIA Whitley 1933<br />
? Urolophoides SOLDATEV & LINDBERG 1930 type Urolpohoides giganteus S. & L. 1930<br />
possibly including Urolophoides which looks as though <strong>the</strong> tail truncation is a deformity or <strong>the</strong> result<br />
<strong>of</strong> an injury.<br />
Bathytoshia WHITLEY 1933 type Dasyatis <strong>the</strong>tidis (OGILBY) WAITE 1899<br />
B. CENTROURA (Mitchill ) 1815 Rough Longtailed Stingray<br />
Pastinaca aspera BELON 1551<br />
Pastinaca thalassia FABIUS COLUMNAE 1592<br />
Dasybatus marinus KLEIN 1775 (inadmiss. work)<br />
Raja centroura MITCH. 1815 t/l; Long Island, N. Y.<br />
Trygon aspera CUV. 1817 ( ref. to BELON only )<br />
Trygon aldrovandi RISSO 1826 t/l; Nice<br />
Trygon brucco BONAP. 1834 t/l; Italy<br />
Trygon thalassia M. & H. 1841 (ref. to Columna ) no loc.<br />
Pastinaca hastata DeKAY 1842 t/l; Rhode Island<br />
Pastinaca acanthura GRAY 1854 t/l; Med. & America<br />
? Trygon spinosissima DUM. 1865<br />
Dasybatus (Pastinachus) marinus GARMAN 1913<br />
Range: E.Atl. & Med. from Biscay to Madeira & Morocco south to Angola<br />
W. Atl. Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras (Coastal) ?Florida ?Uruguay<br />
B. LATA (Garman) 1880 Black Thorntail<br />
Stingray<br />
Trygon tuberculata GUNTH. 1870 ( non SLOAN 1725, non BONN.1788, non LAC. 1800)<br />
Trygon lata GARMAN 1880 t/l; Hawaiian Is.<br />
Dasyatis <strong>the</strong>tidis OGILBY in WAITE 1899 t/l; Newcastle Bight & Wata Moori, NSW.<br />
Dasyatis sciera JENKINS 1904 t/l; Honolulu<br />
? Trygon microps ANNANDALE 1908 * t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Chittagong, Bangladesh<br />
149
Dasybatis agulhensis BARNARD 1925 t/l; Agulhas Bank, South Africa<br />
Dasyatis lubricus J.L.B. SMITH 1957 t/l; Algoa Bay, South Africa<br />
Range; Hawaiian Is. ; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn half <strong>of</strong> Australia; N. Z. ; S. Africa (Cape Agulhas to<br />
Mozambique). ? India.<br />
FC 00 035002<br />
B. BREVICAUDATA (Hutton) 1875 Grey Shorttail Stingray<br />
Trygon thalassia HECTOR 1872 (non M. & H. 1841 ) t/l; N.Z.<br />
Trygon brevicaudatus HUTTON 1875 t/l; Dunedin Harbour, N. Z.<br />
Trygon schreineri GILCHRIST 1913 t/l; False Bay, Cape <strong>of</strong> Good Hope<br />
Urolophoides giganteus SOLDATEV & LINDBERGH 1930 t/l; Peter <strong>the</strong> Great Bay, E. Siberia<br />
Dasyatis matsubarai MIYOSI 1939 t/l; Hyuga Nada, Japan<br />
Urolophoides multispinosus TOKAREV in LINDBERGH & LEGHEZA 1959 t/l; Japanese<br />
Seas.<br />
Range; New Zealand; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn half <strong>of</strong> Australia; South Africa (False Bay to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Mozambique); Sea <strong>of</strong> Japan; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Costa Rica.<br />
FC 00 035001<br />
The following species is also placed here provisionally, due to general disc shape and overall<br />
roughness and <strong>the</strong> prescence <strong>of</strong> a subcaudal fold only.<br />
B. RUDIS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1870 West African Smalltooth Stingray<br />
Trygon rudis GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Old Calabar River,W. Africa<br />
Range;Tropical West Africa<br />
Genus HIMANTURA Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Raja FORSKAL 1775 ( pt.) for Raja uarnak FORSKAL 1775<br />
Trygonobatus BLAINVILLE 1816 (part) for Raja uarnak FORSKAL 1775<br />
Himantura MUELLER & HENLE 1837 type R. uarnak FORSKAL 1775<br />
Leiobatus BLKR. 1864 ( non KLEIN 1775; non RAF. 1810 ), type R. uarnak FORSK.<br />
Leiobatis BLKR. 1878 ( emend. )<br />
? Brachioptera GRATZIANOW 1906 type Brachioptera rhinoceros GRATZIANOW 1906<br />
Himanturus GARMAN 1913 type R. uarnak FORSKAEL 1775<br />
Indeterminate Names<br />
Trygoobatus longicaudatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably uarnak<br />
Trygoobatus russellianus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably uarnak<br />
Trygoobatus sindrachus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably imbricata<br />
Trygoobatus imbricatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably imbricata<br />
Trygoobatus dorsatus BLAINVILLE 1816 ( nom. nud.) probably imbricata<br />
Raia (Trygon) uarnac CUVIER 1817 (ref. only)<br />
Raia (Trygon) dorsatus CUVIER 1817 (ref. only)<br />
Trygon maculata (KUEHL & VAN HASSELT 1823) BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonymy) (Java) ?<br />
= uarnak or undulata<br />
Trygon semirugosa (KUEHL & VAN HASSELT 1823) BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonymy)<br />
(Java) ? = uarnak or undulata<br />
Trygon acuta (KUEHL & VAN HASSELT 1823) BLEEKER 1852 (name in synonymy)<br />
(Java) ? = senior syn. <strong>of</strong> oxyrhyncha<br />
Trygon uarnacoides BLEEKER 1852 (Java) ? = uarnak or undulata<br />
Trygon pastinacoides BLEEKER 1852 (Java) ? = uarnak or undulata<br />
Inadmissible Names<br />
150
Raja uarnata WALBAUM 1792 (lapsus) (on FORSKAEL)<br />
Raja tafara WALBAUM 1792 (on FORSKAEL)<br />
UARNAK group<br />
H. UARNAK ( Forskal ) 1775 Marbled<br />
Whipray<br />
Raja uarnak FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Arabia<br />
Raja arnak FORSKAL 1775 Lohaja, Red Sea<br />
Raja ommescherit FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea<br />
Raja tojara FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea<br />
Raja schoukie FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea<br />
Raja mula FORSKAL 1775 Red Sea<br />
Raja uarnata WALBAUM 1792 ( on Forskal )<br />
Raja tafara WALBAUM 1792 ( on Forskal )<br />
Tenkee Shindraki RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam<br />
Trygonobatus russellii GRAY 1832-34 (India)<br />
Trygon variegatus McCLELLAND 1841 ( Calcutta )<br />
Trygon ellioti BLYTH 1860 t/l; Lower Bengal<br />
1941<br />
Himantura sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984<br />
Range;Whole Indo-Pacific region from Red Sea south to sou<strong>the</strong>astern S. Africa;Madgascar; East to<br />
China and nor<strong>the</strong>ast as far as north <strong>of</strong> Luzon, Philippines; Indonesia; Australia south to Shark Bay,<br />
Western Australia and Brisbane, Queensland . SE New Guinea. Recorded from SE Med.(via Suez<br />
Canal)<br />
FC 00 035003<br />
H. UNDULATA (Bleeker) 1852 Honeycomb Whipray<br />
Trygon undulata BLKR. 1852 t/l;Batavia<br />
Trygon favus ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Orissa<br />
Range; India;West <strong>of</strong> Malay Pen. and Taiwan to tropical N. Australia. Favus may represent a valid<br />
subspecies with paler honeycomb markings than Indonesian undulata.<br />
FC 00 035026<br />
H. PAREH (Bleeker) 1852 Palespot Whipray<br />
Trygon pareh BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia<br />
Trygon alcockii ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; Puri, Orissa Coast. India<br />
Range; Orissa coast <strong>of</strong> India to Indonesia<br />
H. PUNCTATA ( Gun<strong>the</strong>r ) 1870 Blackspot Whipray<br />
Trygon punctata GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Nanga Buntal. N.coast <strong>of</strong> Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur,<br />
Indonesia<br />
Himantura toshi WHITLEY 1939 t/l; N.S.W., Australia.<br />
FC 00 035020<br />
Range; New Guinea & Tropical N.Australia betwen Pt. Hedland, W. Aus. & McKay, Queensaland.<br />
Possibly Indonesia.<br />
Two morphs, a dark spotted typical form & a pale-spotted rare form<br />
OXYRHYNCHA group<br />
H. OXYRHYNCHA (Sauvage) 1878 Marbled Freshwater Whipray<br />
Trygon (Himantura) oxyrhynchus SAUVAGE 1878 t/l; Saigon, Vietnam<br />
151
Dasybatus (Himanturus) krempfi CHABANAUD 1923 t/l;Pnom Penh Cambodia<br />
Range; Vietnam; Cambodia; Borneo; Banka;Java;Ternate in freshwater<br />
IMBRICATA group<br />
imbricata subgroup<br />
H. IMBRICATA (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Scaly Shorttail Whipray<br />
Raja imbricata BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Coromandel Coast <strong>of</strong> India<br />
Isacurrah tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam<br />
Trygon immunis BENNETT 1830 t/l; Sumatra<br />
? Pastinaca dorsalis SWAINSON 1839 ( on Russell )<br />
? Pastinaca brevicauda SWAINSON 1839<br />
Trygon chindrakee ( CUV. ) BLKR. 1853 (part) ( on Russell)<br />
Trygon heterurus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java<br />
Trygon dadong BLKR. 1856 t/l; Bintan I.,Kepulauan Riau, Malaysia<br />
Trygon nuda GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Singapore; India.<br />
Raja obtusa (KLUNZ. 1871) HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899 t/l; Red Sea<br />
Range;Red Sea to Seychelles & Mauritius ,India,Ceylon, Malaya, Indonesia & China.<br />
Reddish-Dark Brown and white-spotted<br />
H. WALGA (Mueller & Henle) 1841 Dwarf Scaly Whipray<br />
Walga Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam<br />
Trygon walga MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; India;Red Sea<br />
Range; Red Sea to Indonesia<br />
H. SIGNIFER Compagno & Roberts 1982 Borneo White-edge Freshwater Whipray<br />
Himantura signifer COMPAGNO & ROBERTS 1982 t/l; Sintang fish market, Kapuas River,<br />
Kalimantan Barat,Borneo.<br />
Range; Borneo (fresh water)<br />
bleekeri subgroup<br />
H. BLEEKERI (Blyth) 1860 Darkbrown Plaintail Whipray<br />
Trygon bleekeri BLYTH 1860 t/l; Bengal<br />
Range;India;Ceylon;Indo-China;Thailand.<br />
fluviatilis subgroup<br />
H. FLUVIATILIS [Hamilton-Buchanan 1822] (sensu ANNANDALE 1910 & CHAUDHURI 1911)<br />
Giant Freshwater Whipray<br />
? Raia fluviatilis HAMILTON-BUCHANAN 1822 ( nom. dub.) t/l;near Bhagalpur, Bihar, Ganges<br />
River, India.<br />
Trygon polylepis BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java<br />
Himantura fluviatilis ANNANDALE 1910 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f coast <strong>of</strong> Madras 37-55 m. (new diagnosis<br />
validating <strong>the</strong> name fluviatilis ; CHAUDHURI 1911 ( vide Compagno & Cook 1995 )<br />
Himantura sp.COMPAGNO & ROBERTS 1982<br />
Himantura chaophraya MONKOLPRASIT & ROBERTS 1990 t/l; River Chaophraya, Thailand.<br />
? Himantura sp. COMPAGNO & COOK 1994 New Guinea (freshwater) (New Guinea Freshwater<br />
Whipray.)<br />
Range;India (Lower and middle Ganges River system from near Bhagalpur possibly up to Kanpur;<br />
Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal [ marine records from <strong>of</strong>f Madras, Annandale 1910 and Bay <strong>of</strong> Bengal, Chaudhuri<br />
1911] ); Java; Thailand (freshwater); Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia (freshwater).<br />
FC 00 035023<br />
152
granulata subgroup<br />
H. GRANULATA ( Macleay ) 1883 Mangrove Whipray<br />
Trygon granulata MACLEAY 1883 t/l;New Guinea<br />
Trygon ponapensis GUNTH. 1910 t/l;Ponape I., Carolines.<br />
Dasyatis (Amphotistius ) uylenbergi GILTAY 1933 t/l; Poeloe Endoe, Aru Is. Moluccas.<br />
FC 00 035019<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New Guinea and Aru Is.,Santa Cruz Is.and N. Australia. Caroline Is. N.Java.<br />
GERRARDI group<br />
H. GERRARDI (Gray) 1851 Bandtail Fawn Whipray<br />
Trygon gerrardi GRAY 1851 t/l; India<br />
Trygon liocephalus KLUNZ. 1871 t/l; Koseir, Red Sea<br />
Range; Red Sea to S. Africa and east to Indonesia ? Japan<br />
H. MACRURA (Bleeker) 1852 Darktail Pink Whipray<br />
Trygon macrurus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Java;Sumatra<br />
Himantura fai JORD. & SEALE 1905 t/l; Apia, Samoa<br />
Range Thailand; Java; Sumatra; ? Lesser Sunda Is.; Tropical N. Australia; Samoa; Caroline Is.<br />
Possible occurrence also in <strong>the</strong> Solomon Is.and Western Indian Ocean. Sympatric with gerrardi in<br />
Indonesia<br />
FC 00 035024<br />
Himantura sp. cf. fai COMPAGNO EBERT & SMALE 1989 Indigo Roundnose Whipgray<br />
? Dasyatis purpureus WALLACE 1967 ( non SMITH in M. & H. 1841 )<br />
? Himantura sp. COMPAGNO & HEEMSTRA 1984 on Dasyatis purpureus WALLACE 1967<br />
( non M.& H.)<br />
? Himantura sp. COMPAGNO EBERT & SMALE 1989<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f East coast <strong>of</strong> S. Africa.<br />
MARGINATA group<br />
H. MARGINATA (Blyth) 1860 Bluntnose Blackedge Whipray<br />
Trygon marginatus BLYTH 1860 t/l; Lower Bengal<br />
Trygon atrocissimus BLYTH 1860 t/l; Indian Ocean<br />
Range; India;Burma<br />
JENKINSI group<br />
H. JENKINSI (Annandale ) 1909 Golden Shorttail Whipray<br />
Trygon jenkinsii ANNAN. 1909 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Ganjam Coast, India<br />
? Himantura draco COMPAGNO & HEEMSTRA 1984 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Durban, S. Africa.(Dragon Whipray)<br />
FC 00 035025<br />
Range; NW Coast <strong>of</strong> India. Malaya to New Giunea & Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia. South Africa;<br />
Mozambique. Possibly <strong>of</strong>f Arabia & East Africa.<br />
MICROPHTHALMA group<br />
H. MICROPHTHALMA ( Chen ) 1948 Taiwan Small-eyed Whipray<br />
Dasyatis microphthalmus CHEN 1948 t/l; Keelung Market, Taiwan.<br />
Range; Taiwan<br />
153
SCHMARDAE group<br />
H. SCHMARDAE (Werner ) 1904 Chuparee Whipray<br />
? Trygon sp. dub.POEY 1868 t/l; Cuba ( in Lesbia 319)<br />
? Raja sp. dub. POEY 1876<br />
Trygon schmardae WERNER 1904 t/l; Jamaica<br />
Dasybatus (Pastinachus) torrei GARMAN 1913 t/l; Cuba<br />
Range; Jamaica; Cuba. Bay <strong>of</strong> Campeche, Mexico. Trinidad. Surinam. Caribbaean coast <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
UNGROUPED<br />
Himantura sp. A [ Last & Stevens 1993 ] North Australian Brown Whipray<br />
Himantura sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
FC 00 035022<br />
Range;Darwin, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Territory to Moreton Bay, Queensland.(Marine)<br />
Genus HYPOLOPHUS M. & H. 1837<br />
Trygonobatus BLAINV. 1816 ( part) include Raja sephen FORSKAL<br />
Hypolophus M. & H. 1837 type; Raja sephen FORSK.<br />
Pastinachus RUPPELL 1838 type; Raja sephen FORSK.<br />
Pastinaca SWAINSON 1838 type; Raja sephen FORSK.<br />
H. SEPHEN ( Forskal ) 1775 Cowtail Stingray; Fea<strong>the</strong>rtail Stingray<br />
Raja sephen FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Djedda;Lohaja,Red Sea<br />
Walga tenkee RUSSELL 1803 ( Vizagapatam)<br />
Raia sancur HAMILTON-BUCHANAN 1822 t/l; Ganges<br />
Trigon forskalii RUPPELL 1828 t/l;Red Sea<br />
Trygon walga-tenkee CUV. 1829( on RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Taeniura atra MACLEAY 1883 t/l;New Guinea<br />
Taeniura mortoni MACLEAY 1883 t/l;Lower Burdakin River ,Queensland.<br />
Dasybatus (Pastinachus) gruveli CHABANAUD 1923 t/l;Gulf <strong>of</strong> Siam<br />
Pastinachus sephen ater WHITLEY 1931 t/l; Burdakin R.,Queensland<br />
Range;Indo-West Pacific region from Red Sea & S. Africa east to<br />
Taiwan, Philippines, New Britain & Nor<strong>the</strong>rn New South Wales.<br />
FC 00 035011<br />
Genus PTEROPLATYTRYGON Fowler 1910<br />
Dasyatis (Pteroplatytrygon) FOWLER 1910, type Trygon violaceum BONAP.1832.<br />
P. VIOLACEA (Bonaparte) 1832 Pelagic Stingray<br />
Trygon violaceum BONAPARTE 1832 t/l;Med., <strong>of</strong>f Italy<br />
? Trygon purpurea A. SMITH in M & H 1841 t/l;?S.Africa ( A dubious but perhaps nominally valid<br />
sp.)<br />
Dasyatis purpureus JLB SMITH SFSA No. 82 (in Smith & Heemstra 1986)<br />
? Dasyatis atratus ISHIYAMA & OKADA 1955 t/l; N. <strong>of</strong> Marianas<br />
Dasyatis guileri LAST 1979 t/l;Derwent River Estuary, Tasmania<br />
Range; Pelagic,oceanic.Probably cosmopolitan in temperata & subtropical seas.<br />
E. Atl; Between lat. 30 N. & S.;S. Africa<br />
W. Atl; Newfoundland to Gulf <strong>of</strong> Mexico. Eastern Brazil<br />
E. Pac.;Washington to Lower California. Peru. Chile. Galapagos Is. Hawaii.<br />
W.Pac.;Japan. Marshall & Mariana Is.<br />
FC 00 035010<br />
Genus TAENIURA M. & H. 1837<br />
154
Subgenus TAENIURA M. & H. 1837<br />
Trygon GEOFF. ST. HILAIRE 1817 (non CUV.) type Raja lymma FORSKAL<br />
Taeniura M & H 1837 type Trygon ornatum GRAY 1832= lymma<br />
Alexandrinum MOLIN 1861 type A. molini ZIGNO 1874 = Raja muricata VOLTA 1796<br />
Discobatis MACLAY & MACLEAY 1886 ( non GARMAN 1881) type Discobatis marginipinis<br />
MACLAY & MACLEAY 1886 = lymma<br />
Discotrygon FWLR. 1910 type Discobatis marginipinnis M.& M. 1886<br />
T. LYMMA (Forskal) 1775 Bluespot Fantail Stingray<br />
Raja lymma FORSKAL 1775 t/l; Lohaja, Red Sea<br />
Raia lymnia BONN. 1788 t/l;Red Sea<br />
Raja lymna BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Red Sea<br />
Trygon halgani LESSON 1830 t/l; Waigiu & New Ireland<br />
Trygon ornatum GRAY 1832 t/l;Singapore<br />
Trygon lymnae SWAINSON 1839<br />
Taeniura lijmma BLKR. 1852 Macassar , Indonesia<br />
Discobatis marginipinnis MACLAY & MACLEAY 1886 t/l; NSW, Aus.<br />
Range;Indo-West Pacific Region from Red Sea to Delagoa Bay,S. Africa east to Queensland &<br />
Solomon Is.<br />
FC 00 035009<br />
T. GRABATA (St. Hilaire) 1817 Round Fantail Stingray<br />
Raja muricata VOLTA 1796<br />
Trygon grabatus GEOFF. ST. HILAIRE 1809(1817) t/l;"Red Sea" = <strong>of</strong>f Alexandria, Egypt<br />
Alexandrinum molini ZIGNO 1874<br />
Taeniura grabata var. variegata ROULE 1912<br />
Range;Eastern Med.,E. Atlantic( Cape Verde Is.) & Tropical West Africa.<br />
Subgenus TAENIUROPS Garman 1913<br />
Taeniurops GARMAN 1913 type Taeniura meyeni M. & H. 1841<br />
T. MEYENI M. & H. 1841 Speckled Fantail Stingray<br />
Trygon (Taeniura) meyeni M & H 1841 t/l;Mauritius<br />
Taeniura melanospilos BLKR. 1853 t/l;Batavia<br />
Taeniura melanospila GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Red Sea<br />
? Taeniura brocki SCHULTZ 1953 t/l; Bikini Atoll<br />
Range;Red Sea to Natal, S.Africa. East to S. Japan, New Guinea & N. Queensland.? Bikini Atoll.<br />
FC 00 035017<br />
Genus UROGYMNUS M. & H. 1837<br />
Anacanthus (EHRENBERG) HOVEN 1833 (non GRAY 1831 in Teleostei, non AUDINET-<br />
SERVILLE 1832) type Raja africana BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
Gymnura M. & H. 1837 ( non KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 ) type Raja asperrima BL. & SCHN.<br />
1801<br />
Urogymnus M. & H. 1837 type Raja asperrima BL. & SCHN. 1801 ( n.n. to replace Gymnura M & H<br />
1837.)<br />
Rhachinotus CANTOR 1849 (proposed to replace Anacanthus but preocc. by GRAY 1831 and<br />
AUDINET-SERVILLE 1832 also) type Raja africana BL.& SCHN. 1801<br />
U. ASPERRIMUS (Bl. & Schn.) 1801 Porcupine Ray<br />
Raja radula SOLANDER 1777 ( non DEL. 1809 ) t/l;Queensland, Aus.<br />
Raja africana BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Guinea,W. Africa<br />
Raja asperrima BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Bombay,India<br />
Urogymnus rhombeus KLUNZ. 1871 t/l; Koseir, Red Sea<br />
Urogymnus laevior ANNAN. 1909 t/l; S. Canara, Malabar Coast, India<br />
Urogymnus asperrimus solanderi WHIT. 1939( n.n. for Raja radula SOLANDER )<br />
Urogymnus asperrimus var. krusadiensis CHACKO 1946 t/l; G. <strong>of</strong> Manaar<br />
155
Range;Red Sea to Natal,S. Africa, east to Borneo, New Guinea & Queensland.Fiji Is.,Micronesia.<br />
Off coast <strong>of</strong> tropical West Africa ( Senegal to Liberia )<br />
FC 00 035027<br />
U. UKPAM ( Smith ) 1863 Pincushion Ray ; Thorny Freshwater Stingray<br />
Hemitrygon ukpam SMITH 1863 t/l; Old Calabar River, Gabon, W. Africa<br />
Range: Tropical West Africa ( Freshwater)<br />
MALFORMED SPECIMENS<br />
Genus BRACHIOPTERA Gratzianow 1906<br />
Brachioptera GRATZIANOW, V. I. 1906, Zoologische Anzeiger, 30, 1906 p. 400 type<br />
Brachioptera rhinoceros GRATZIANOW 1906 Gen. nov. and sp. nov.<br />
B. RHNOCEROS Gratzianow 1906<br />
Brachioptera rhinoceros GRATZIANOW 1906<br />
Brachioptera rhinoptera BIGELOW & SCHROEDER 1953 (ref. only) (lapsus)<br />
Based on an embryo with anterior parts <strong>of</strong> pectorals free from sides <strong>of</strong> head, probably Himantura or<br />
Gymnura ( Bigelow & Schroeder 1953 ) because without caudal folds. According to Gratzianow <strong>the</strong><br />
original specimen from Singapore was brought to <strong>the</strong> Zoologische Museum der Kais.<br />
Moscow University (Zool.) by Dr. W. Issaew from Singapore on 18/02/1889. Fowler (1941) lists<br />
Brachioptera in <strong>the</strong> synonymy <strong>of</strong> Himantura. Bigelow & Schroeder erroneously quote <strong>the</strong> name as<br />
Brachioptera rhinoptera.in Fishes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Western North Atlantic, Sears Foundation for Marine<br />
Research, Memoir no. 1 part 2 Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Skates Rays and Chimaeras Yale University<br />
1953 p. 389.<br />
In his 1906 paper Gratzianow suggested <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> a new family Brachiopteridae for what he<br />
called a special group <strong>of</strong> rays with anterior pectorals unfused with <strong>the</strong> head. It was to include B.<br />
rhnoceros, Planerocephalus ellioti, n. spp. as well as possibly for Cephaleu<strong>the</strong>rus maculatus<br />
Rafinesque 1815 (called maculosus by Gratzianow) and Propterygia hyposticta <strong>of</strong> Otto 1821. He also<br />
indicated in a footnote that Brachioptilon hamiltoni Newman 1849 may have belonged here. It is now<br />
known that <strong>the</strong> first four are malformations <strong>of</strong> common rays although <strong>the</strong> exact species is not always<br />
certain. The last is <strong>the</strong> East Pacfic representative <strong>of</strong> Manta birostris.<br />
Family HEXATRYGONIDAE<br />
Sixgill Stingrays<br />
Genus HEXATRYGON Heemstra & Smith 1980<br />
Hexatrygon HEEMSTRA & SMITH 1980, type Hexatrygon bickelli HEEMSTRA & SMITH 1980.<br />
Hexatrematobatis CHU & MENG 1981 type Hexatrematobatis longirostris CHU & MENG 1981<br />
H. BICKELLI Heemstra & Smith 1980 Sixgill Stingray<br />
Hexatrygon bickelli HEEMSTRA & SMITH 1980 t/l; S. Africa<br />
? Hexatrematobatis longirostris CHU & MENG 1981 t/l; S. China Sea<br />
? Hexatrygon longirostra SHEN & LIU 1984 (error)<br />
? Hexatrygon yangi SHEN & LIU 1984 t/l; Taiwan<br />
? Hexatrygon brevirostra SHEN 1986 t/l; Taiwan<br />
? Hexatrygon taiwanensis SHEN 1986 t/l; Taiwan<br />
? Hexatrygon sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l; slope <strong>of</strong>f Flinders Reef, Queensland &<br />
Exmouth Plateau to Shark Bay, W. Australia. 900-1120 m.<br />
156
( FC 00 037002 )<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f S. Africa; East & South China Sea; Australia.May represent one or several species.<br />
Family UROLOPHIDAE<br />
Round Stingrays; Stingarees<br />
Genus UROLOPHUS Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Raja LAC. 1804 (part); type Raja cruciata LAC. 1804<br />
Leiobatus BLAINV.1816 (non RAF.,non WALBAUM, non KLEIN) type Leiobatus sloani<br />
BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud)<br />
Trygon CUVIER 1817 (part) for Trygon jamaicensis CUVIER<br />
Trygonobatus DESMAREST 1823, type Trygonobatus torpedinus DESMAREST<br />
Urolophus MUELLER & HENLE 1837, type Raja cruciata LAC. 1804<br />
Usolophus MUELLER & HENLE 1838 (typographical error)<br />
Urobatis GARMAN 1913 , type Urobatis sloani GAR. ( = jamaicensis )<br />
U. CRUCIATUS (Lacepede) 1804 Crossback Stingaree; Banded Stingaaree<br />
Raja cruciata LACEPEDE 1804 t/l; New Holland ( = Australia )<br />
Urolophus ephippiatus RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Tasmania<br />
Range; NSW., Victoria, S. Aus., Tasmania (shelf )<br />
Tathra, NSW to Beachport, S. Aus. (to 160 m.)<br />
FC 00 038002<br />
U. JAMAICENSIS (Cuvier) 1817 Yellow Round Stingray<br />
Pastinaca marina ferruginea, tuberculata SLOAN 1725 ( Hist. Jamaica )<br />
t/l; Jamaica<br />
? Leiobatus sloani BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud)<br />
Trygon jamaicensis CUVIER 1817 t/l; Jamaica<br />
Trygonobatus torpedinus DESMAREST 1823 t/l; Cuba<br />
Urolophus torpedinus M. & H. 1841 t/l; Santa Domingo, Cuba<br />
Urobatis sloani GARMAN 1913 t/l; Haiti<br />
Urobatis vermiculatus GAR. 1913 t/l; Progreso, Yucatan<br />
Range: ( W. Atl. ) W. Indies and continental coast fromm Texas to Colombia.<br />
U. AURANTIACUS M. & H. 1841 Sepia Stingray<br />
Urolophus aurantiacus M & H 1841 t/l; Gotto I., SW Japan.<br />
Pastinaca jeinorii BUERGER in M & H 1841 (name in synon.)<br />
Urolophus fuscus GARMAN 1885 t/l;East Coast <strong>of</strong> Japan<br />
Urolophus tullbergi NYSTROM 1887 t/l; Nagasaki<br />
Range; Japan; Korea<br />
U. ARMATUS M. & H. 1841 New Ireland Stingaree<br />
Urolophus armatus VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; New Ireland<br />
Range; New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago.<br />
U. HALLERI Cooper 1863 Pacific Little Round Stingray<br />
Urolophus halleri COOPER 1863 t/l; San Diego, California<br />
Urolophus nebulosus GARMAN 1885 t/l; Colima, Mexico<br />
Urolophus umbrifer JORD. & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico<br />
Range; S. California to Mexico<br />
157
U. BUCCULENTUS Macleay 1884 Sandyback Stingaree<br />
Urolophus bucculentus MACLEAY 1884 t/l; Pt. Jackson, NSW. 40-60 fms.<br />
Range; Stradbroke I.,Queensland to Hyppolyte Rocks, Tasmania.<br />
FC 00 038001<br />
U. MARMORATUS Philippi 1892 Marbled Round Stingray<br />
Urolophus marmoratus PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Bay <strong>of</strong> Quenteros, Peru<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Peru<br />
U. MACULATUS (Garman) 1913 Cortez Round Stingray<br />
Urobatis maculatus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
U. CONCENTRICUS (Osburn & Nicholls)1916 Reticulated Round Stingray; Bullseye<br />
Stingray<br />
Urobatis concentricus OSBURN & NICHOLLS 1916 t/l; San Esteban I.,Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
Range;G. <strong>of</strong> California to S. Mexico<br />
U. VIRIDIS McCulloch 1916 Greenback Stingaree<br />
Urolophus viridis McCULLOCH 1916 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Sandon Bluffs, NSW.<br />
Range; S. Queensland to Tasmania( 20-200 m.)<br />
FC 00 038007<br />
U. EXPANSUS McCulloch 1916 Wide<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urolophus expansus McCULLOCH 1916 t/l; Great Australian Bight 80-120 fms.<br />
Range; Perth, W. Aus. to Pt. Lincoln, S.Aus.( outer shelf and upper slope)<br />
FC 00 038008<br />
U. SUFFLAVUS Whitley 1929 Yellowback<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urolophus cruciatus WAITE 1899 (non LAC. 1804) t/l; Shoalhaven Bight,Jervis Bay,NSW.<br />
Urolophus aurantiacus McCULLOCH 1916 (non M& H 1841) t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Manning River, Pt. Kembton,<br />
NSW.<br />
Urolophus sufflavus WHITLEY 1929 (n.n. for aurantiacus McCULLOCH)<br />
Range; S. Queensland & NSW., Aus.( outer shelf )<br />
FC 00 038005<br />
U. GIGAS Scott 1954 Spotted Stingaree; Sinclair's Stingaree<br />
Urolophus gigas SCOTT 1954 t/l; Tasman Sea, S. Aus<br />
Urolophus sp. HUTCHINS & SWAINSON 1986<br />
Range; S. Coast Aus., Albany to Tasmania<br />
FC 00 038003<br />
U. CIRCULARIS McKay 1966 Circular Stingaree<br />
Urolophus circularis McKAY 1966 t/l; W. Aus. ( shelf )<br />
Range: Rottnest I. to Esperance , W. Aus.<br />
FC: 00 038020<br />
U. LOBATUS McKay 1966 Lobed Stingaree<br />
Urolophus lobatus McKAY 1966 t/l; Rottnest I., W Aus .<br />
Range: SW. Aus. Rottnest I. to Esperance, W. Aus. (Shelf )<br />
FC: 00 038021<br />
U. PAUCIMACULATUS Dixon 1969 White-spotted Stingaree; Sparsely- spotted Stingaree<br />
Urolophus paucimaculatus DIXON 1969 t/l; Westernport Bay, Victoria<br />
158
Range; Nor<strong>the</strong>rn NSW. to SW Aus. (shelf)<br />
FC 00 038004<br />
U. TUMBESENSIS Chirichigno & McEachran 1979 Tumbes Round Stingray<br />
Urolophus tumbesensis CHIRICHIGNO & McEACHRAN 1979 t/l; Tumbes, Peru<br />
Range;<strong>of</strong>f Peru<br />
U. FLAVOMOSAICUS Last & Goman 1987 Patchwork Stingaree<br />
Trygonoptera sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984<br />
Urolophus sp. 2 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Urolophus flavomosaicus LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Pt. Hedland, W. Aus.<br />
Range; N.W Aus.<br />
FC 00 038010<br />
U. MITOSIS Last & Gomon 1987 Blotched or Mitotic Stingaree<br />
Urolophus sp. 2 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984<br />
Urolophus sp. 3 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Urolophus mitosis LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Forester I., W. Aus.<br />
Range; Forester I., W. Aus.<br />
FC 00 038011<br />
U. WESTRALIENSIS Last & Gomon 1987 Brown Stingaree<br />
Urolophus sp.1 SAINSBURY,KAILOLA & LEYLAND 1985<br />
Urolophus westraliensis LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Pt. Hedland, NW Aus.<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Pt. Hedland. NW Aus.<br />
FC 00 038009<br />
U. ORARIUS Last &Gomon 1987 Coastal Stingaree<br />
Urolophus cruciatus SCOTT et. al. 1980 ( non LAC.) t/l; Investigator Str., S.Aus.<br />
Urolophus orarius LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; ?W. Aus.<br />
Range; S. Aus., between Ceduna & Beachport in 20-50 m.<br />
FC 00 038022<br />
Urolophus sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Kapala Stingaree<br />
Urolophus sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range; New South Wales, Aus. between Yamba & Jervis Bay,inshore.<br />
FC 00 038018<br />
Urolophus sp. B Last & Steven] 1993 Coral Sea Stingaree<br />
Urolophus sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993<br />
Range; N. Queensland,between Cairns & McKay in 280- 350 m.<br />
FC 00 038019<br />
Urolophus sp. 1 SERET New Caledonia<br />
Urolophus sp. 2 SERET New Caledonia<br />
Urolophus bathyphilus FOURMANOIR<br />
Urolophus bathyphilus FOURMANOIR unpublished new species.<br />
Genus TRYGONOPTERA Mueller & Henle 1837<br />
Trygonoptera M. & H. 1837, type Trygonoptera testacea BANKS in M. & H. 1841<br />
T. TESTACEA (M. & H. ) 1841 Common Stingaree<br />
Trygonoptera testacea M.& H 1841 t/l;"New Holland" = Australia (on Raja testacea BANKS)<br />
Trygon muelleri STEINDACHNER 1866 (non CASTELNAU 1866) t/l; Port Jackson, NSW.<br />
Trygon henlei STEINDACHNER 1866 (non CASTELNAU 1866) t/l; Port Jackson, NSW.<br />
Trygon australis STEINDACHNER 1866 ( non CASTELNAU 1866 ) "South Seas"<br />
159
Range; Cape Howe, NSW to Calunndra, Queensland.Estuaries & coastal shallows in less than 135 m.<br />
FC 00 038006<br />
T. JAVANICA (Martens) 1864 Java<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urolophus javanicus MARTENS 1864 t/l; Batavia, Java<br />
Range; Java.<br />
T. KAIANA (Gun<strong>the</strong>r ) 1880 Kai<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urolophus kaianus GUNTH. 1880 t/l; Kei Is., 129 fms.<br />
Range; Kei Islands, Moluccas.<br />
T. MUCOSA Whitley 1939 Western Shovelnose<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urolophus (Trygonoptera) mucosus WHITLEY 1939 t/l; W.Aus.<br />
Range; Western Aus., from Glenelg, S.Aus. to Dongara, W.Aus. down to 20 m.<br />
FC 00 038015<br />
T. OVALIS Last & Gomon 1987 Striped Stingaree<br />
Urolophus testaceus HUTCHINS 1979 (non M. & H. 1841)<br />
Urolophus sp. 1 HUTCHINS & THOMPSON 1983<br />
Urolophus sp. (part) HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986<br />
Trygonoptera ovalis LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; S. coast <strong>of</strong> Western Aus. 32 24 S., 127 30 E.<br />
Range; W. & SW. Aus. to depths <strong>of</strong> 43 m.<br />
FC 00 038016<br />
T. PERSONATA Last &Gomon 1987 Masked<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urolophus sp. 2 HUTCHINS & THOMPSON 1983<br />
Urolophus sp. (part) HUTCHINS & SWAINSTON 1986<br />
Trygonoptera personata LAST & GOMON 1987 t/l; W. Aus. 33 01 S., 115 10 E.<br />
Range;Bunbury to Shark Bay,W. Aus. inshore, down to 70 m.<br />
FC 00 038017<br />
Trygonoptera sp. A Last & Stevens 1993 Yellow Shovelnose Stingaree<br />
Trygonoptera sp. A LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l;<br />
Range;Abrolhos to Shark Bay, W.Aus. in 200 m.<br />
FC 00 038013<br />
Trygonoptera sp. B Last & Stevens 1993 Eastern Shovelnose Stingaree<br />
Urolophus testaceus SCOTT et.al. 1980 (non M. & H. 1841)<br />
Trygonoptera sp. B LAST & STEVENS 1993 t/l;<br />
Range; S.E.Aus.,Victoria & N.S.W. Not Tasmania. Down to 120 m. or more<br />
FC 00 038014<br />
Genus UROTRYGON Gill 1863<br />
Urotrygon GILL 1863, type Urotrygon mundus GILL 1863<br />
Urolophus GUNTHER 1871 (non M. & H. 1841 ), type Urolophus chilensis GUNTH. 1871<br />
U. MUNDUS Gill 1863 Shortfin Round<br />
Stingray<br />
160
Urotrygon mundus GILL 1863 t/l; Pacific Coast <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Range; Eastern Pac., Mexico to Panama<br />
U. CHILENSIS (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1871 Thorny Round<br />
Stingray<br />
Urolophus chilensis GUNTH. 1871 t/l; Chile<br />
Range; Chile<br />
U. ASPIDURUS (Jord. & Gilb.) 1883 Roughtail Round<br />
Stingray<br />
Urolophus aspidurus JORD. & GILB. 1883 t/l; Panama Bay<br />
Range;Panama Bay.<br />
U. ASTERIAS (Jord. & Gilb.) 1883 Starry Round<br />
Stingray<br />
Urolophus asterias J. & G. 1883 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico<br />
Urolophus goodei JORD. & BOLLMAN 1890 t/l;South <strong>of</strong> Pearl I.,Panama Bay.<br />
Urolophus sp. KUMADA & HIYAMA 1937 t/l; Trop. E. Pac.<br />
Urotrygon caudispinosus HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Independencia Bay, Peru<br />
Urotrygon peruanus HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Paita Bay, Peru<br />
Urotrygon serrula HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Lobos de Tieera Bay, Peru<br />
Range; Eastern Pacific;Panama to Peru.<br />
Revision <strong>of</strong> McEachran ( 1986 ) se Z/R. 1986/1987 ref: 4687<br />
U. ROGERSI (Jord. & Starks) 1895 Lined Round Stingray<br />
Urolophus rogersi JORD. & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico<br />
Urotrygon binghami BREDER 1926 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> River Colorado,Gulf <strong>of</strong> California<br />
Range; E. Pacific. West coast <strong>of</strong> Mexico.<br />
U. MICROPHTHALMUM Delsman 1941 Small-eyed Round Stingray<br />
Urotrygon microphthalmum DELSMAN 1941 t/l; Mouth <strong>of</strong> thre Amazon<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f Amazon & Surinam.<br />
U. VENEZUELAE Schultz 1949 Venezuela Round Stingray<br />
Urotrygon venezuelae SCHULTZ 1949 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Venezuela<br />
Range; G. <strong>of</strong> Venezuela.<br />
U. NANA Miyake & McEachran 1988 Dwarf Round Stingray<br />
Urotrygon sp. 1 MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1986 t/l; Chiapas coast, Mexico.<br />
Urotrygon nana MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1988 t/l; E. Pac.; Sinaloa, Mexico.<br />
Range; W. & SW. Coast <strong>of</strong> Mexico<br />
U. RETICULATA Miyake & McEachran 1988 Reticulate Round Stingray<br />
Urotrygon sp. 2 MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1986 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama<br />
Urotrygon reticulata MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1988 t/l; E.Pacific.<br />
Range; Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama.<br />
U. SIMULATRIX Miyake & McEachran 1988 Stellate Round Stingray<br />
Urotrygon sp. 3 MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1986 t/l;Panama Bay<br />
Urotrygon simulatrix MIYAKE & McEACHRAN 1988 t/l; E.Pacific.<br />
Range;Panama Bay.<br />
Family PLESIOBATIDAE<br />
161
Genus PLESIOBATIS Nishida 1991<br />
Plesiobatis NISHIDA 1991, type Urotrygon daviesi WALLACE 1967<br />
P. DAVIESI (Wallace ) 1967 Giant<br />
Stingaree<br />
Urotrygon daviesi WALLACE 1967 t/l; Mozambique Channel, <strong>of</strong>f Limpopo River.<br />
Urotrygon sp. 1 GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA 1984<br />
? Urolophus marmoratus HU, CHU & LI 1981 n. sp. (non PHILIPPI 1892 ) t/l; South China Sea.<br />
(this name is a junior homonym <strong>of</strong> Urolophus marmoratus PHILIPPI 1892 for an intended new<br />
species, not a synonym.)<br />
Range; <strong>of</strong>f East coast <strong>of</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa; N.E. & N.W. Australia; Hawaiian Is.; South <strong>of</strong> Japan to<br />
Taiwan. ? S. China Sea. In depths <strong>of</strong> 350-680 m.<br />
FC 00 038023<br />
Family POTAMOTRYGONIDAE<br />
Genus PARATRYGON Dumeril 1865<br />
Paratrygon DUMERIL 1865, type Trygon aiereba MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (non AIEREBA<br />
Marcgrave) by monotypy.<br />
Disceus GARMAN 1877, type Disceus thayeri GARMAN 1913<br />
Ellipesurus RIBEIRO 1907 (part)<br />
? Elipesurus GARMAN 1913 (part)<br />
P. AIEREBA ( Mueller & Henle ) 1841 Discusray; Raya<br />
Grande<br />
Trygon aiereba MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (non AIEREBA Marcgrave) t/l; Rio Amazon, Brazil.<br />
Trygon strogylopterus (sic) SCHOMBERGK 1843 (assumed lapsus for strongylopterus)<br />
Trygon strongyloptera GUNTHER 1870 (emendation)<br />
Disceus thayeri GARMAN 1913 t/l; Rio Para & Manaos, Brazil.<br />
Range; Widely distributed throughout <strong>the</strong> Amazon & Orinoco systems.<br />
Genus POTAMOTRYGON Garman 1877<br />
Taenura (sic) CASTELNAU 1855 (lapsus)<br />
Toenura (sic) CASTELNAU 1855 (lapsus)<br />
Potamotrygon GARMAN 1877, type Trygon histrix MUELLER & HENLE<br />
( in D'ORBIGNY 1834 ) by subsequent designation <strong>of</strong> Jordan 1919.<br />
Ellipesurus RIBEIRO 1907 (part)<br />
Potamotrigon (sic) MILES 1947 (lapsus)<br />
Potomotrygon (sic) CASTEX 1964 (lapsus)<br />
Potamotrygan (sic) CASTEX 1964 (lapsus)<br />
Potamotriygon (sic) ACHENBACH 1971 (lapsus)<br />
P. HISTRIX (Mueller & Henle in D' Orbigny)1834 Porcupine or Mottled River Stingray;<br />
Raya negra.<br />
Trygon histrix MUELLER & HENLE in D'Orbigny 1834 (illustration ) t/l;Buenos Aires, Argentina<br />
Trygon hystrix MUELLER & HENLE 1841 (text) (part) t/l;Buenos Aires (type locality restricted)<br />
non Potamotrygon nistrix (sic) McCORMICK et.al 1963 (illus.)<br />
Range; La Plata and Lower Rio Parana, Argentina<br />
162
P. MOTORO (Natterer in Mueller & Henle)1841 Ocellate or Orange-spot River Stingray;<br />
Raia motoro, boro, raya maca (vernaculars, Brazil) raya overa,raya pintada, yavevi-guazu<br />
(vernaculars,Argentina and Paraguay).<br />
Raja motoro NATTERER in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; RioCuiaba,Mato Grosso, Brazil.<br />
Trygon (Taenura) muelleri CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Crixas and Rio Araguaia, Brazil<br />
Potamotrygon laticeps GARMAN 1913 t/l; Tefe and Obidos,Rio Amazonas.<br />
Potamotrygon circularis GARMAN 1913 (part) t/l;Rio Coari.<br />
Range; Widespread in tropical & subtropical South America throughout Orinoco, Amazon and La<br />
Plata systems.<br />
P. ORBIGNYI (Castelnau) 1855 Smoothback River<br />
Stingray<br />
Trygon (Taenura) d'orbignyi CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Tocantins, Brazil<br />
Toenura orbignyi CASTELNAU 1855<br />
Trygon reticulatus GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Surinam<br />
Range; Wide distribution in Amazon, Orinoco and Guiana river systems.<br />
P. DUMERILI (Castelnau) 1855 Anglespot River<br />
Stingray<br />
Trygon (Taenura) dumerilii CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Araguaia, Brazil<br />
Range; Rio Araguaia, Brazil. Lower Parana and Paraguay rivers.<br />
P. HENLEI (Castelnau) 1855 Bigtooth River Stingray; Arraia de fogo<br />
Trygon (Taenura) henlei CASTELNAU 1855 t/l;Rio Tocantins, Brazil<br />
Range; Tocantins,Araguaia and Para systems,Brazil.<br />
P. MAGDALENAE (Valenciennes in Dumeril ) 1865 Magdalena River Stingray<br />
Taeniura magdalenae VALENCIENNES in DUMERIL 1865 t/l;Rio Magdalena, Colombia.<br />
Range;Rio Magdalena and Atrato, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Colombia.<br />
P. BRACHYURA (Gun<strong>the</strong>r) 1880 Short-tailed River Stingray; Chucho de rio<br />
(Uruguay); Yavevih, yabebi, raya bobo (Argentina and Paraguay); raya grande (Brazil).<br />
Trygon brachyurus GUNTHER 1880 t/l; Buenos Aires, Argentina<br />
Potamotrygon brumi DEVICENZI & TEAGUE 1942 t/l; Isla Queguay Grande, Rio Uruguay<br />
Potamotrygon bruni TANIUCHI 1982 (lapsus)<br />
Range; Rio Paraguay, Parana, Uruguay and La Plata.<br />
P. CONSTELLATA (Vaillant ) 1880 Thorny River Stingray<br />
Taeniura constellata VAILLANT 1880 t/l; Calderao (Calderon), Upper Amazon, Brazil.<br />
Potamotrygon circularis GARMAN 1913 (part) (Tefe,Upper Amazon, Brazil)<br />
Range; Upper Amazon from Colombia border to Manaos, Brazil. Rio Arata, Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Colombia.<br />
P. OCELLATA (Engelhardt) 1912 Redblotched River Stingray<br />
Trygon hystrix var. ocellata ENGELHARDT 1912 t/l;South coast <strong>of</strong> Mexiana I., mouth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Amazon.Brazil and Macapa, Rio Araguari mouth near Amazon mouth.<br />
Range; Known only from <strong>the</strong> type locality.<br />
P. SIGNATA Garman 1913 Parnaiba River Stingray<br />
Potamotrygon signatus GARMAN 1913 t/l;San Goncallo, Rio Parnaiba,Piaui, Brazil.<br />
Range; Rio Parnaiba,Piaui, Brazil.<br />
P. SCOBINA Garman 1913 Raspy River Stingray<br />
Potamotrygon scobina GARMAN 1913 t/l;Cameta,Rio Tocantins, Brazil.<br />
Range;Middle & Lower Amazon system from Manaos to Belem.<br />
P. HUMEROSA Garman 1913 Roughback River Stingray<br />
163
Potamotrygon humerosus GARMAN 1913 t/l;Monte Alegre,R.Amazon,Para, Brazil.<br />
Range; Lower Amazon & Para systems from Tapajos to Amazon mouth.<br />
P. SCHROEDERI Yepez 1957 Rosetted River Stingray; Raya guacamaya<br />
Potamotrygon schroederi YEPEZ 1957 t/l;Boca Apurito, Rio Apure, Brazil.<br />
Range; R.Orinoco and R.Negro from headwaters to Manaos.<br />
P. FALKNERI (Castex in) Castex and Maciel 1963 Largespot River Stingray;<br />
Raya reticulada, raya fina, raya pititi<br />
Potamotrygon vistrix CASTEX 1963 (lapsus for histrix)<br />
Potamotrygon hystrix CASTEX 1963 (non MUELLER & HENLE)<br />
Potamotrygon falkneri CASTEX 1963 t/l;Puerto de Santa Fe,Rio Parana, Argentina<br />
Potamotrygon menchacai ACHENBACH 1967 t/l;Rio Colastine, Parana system,Santa Fe,Argentina.<br />
Range; N.E. Argentina, Central Paraguay and West Brazil in La Plata system.<br />
P. SCHUEMACHERI Castex 1964 Parana River Stingray<br />
Potamotrygon schuemacheri CASTEX 1964 t/l; Rio Colastine Sur, Lower Parana, Santa Fe,<br />
Argentina<br />
Range; Known only from <strong>the</strong> holotype.<br />
P. CASTEXI Castello & Yagolkowski 1969 Vermiculate River Stingray; Raya acordonada<br />
Potamotrygon castexi CASTELLO & YAGOLKOWSKI 1969 t/l;Rosario,Rio Parana, Argentina.<br />
Potamotrygon nistrix McCORMICK, ALLEN & YOUNG 1963 (illus.) (lapsus)<br />
Range;Lower Parana and Paraguay systems. R. Guapore in Upper Amazon system. Possibly Rio<br />
Trombetas in Lower Amazon system.<br />
P. LEOPOLDI Castex & Castello 1970 Whiteblotched or Polkadot River Stingray<br />
Potamotrygon leopoldi CASTEX & CASTELLO 1970 t/l; Upper Rio Xingu, Brazil<br />
Range; Probably endemic to Xingu system.<br />
P. YEPEZI Castex & Castello 1970 Maracaibo River Stingray<br />
Potamotrygon yepezi CASTEX & CASTELLO 1970 t/l; Rio Palmar, R.Maracaibo<br />
system,Venezuela.<br />
Range; R.Maracaibo system<br />
Potamotrygon sp. A RICARDO ROSA 1985 cf. motoro Material from <strong>the</strong> Rio Solimoes (Upper<br />
Amazon) and <strong>the</strong> Ucayali from Contamana, Peru to Obidos, Brazil. May be an intraspecific variant <strong>of</strong><br />
motoro or a new species.<br />
Potamotrygon sp. B RICARDO ROSA 1985 cf. motoro / ocellata. Material from Rio Corantijn,<br />
Surinam<br />
Possible morph <strong>of</strong> motoro or ocellata.<br />
Potamotrygon sp. no. 1 MARCELO CARVALHO AMNH Holotype<br />
Genus PLESIOTRYGON Rosa,Castello & Thorsen 1987<br />
Plesiotrygon ROSA, CASTELLO & THORSEN 1987 type Plesiotrygon iwamae ROSA et. al. 1987<br />
P. IWAMAE Rosa et al 1987 Longtail River<br />
Stingray<br />
Plesiotrygon iwamae ROSA,CASTELLO & THORSEN 1987 t/l; Upper Amazon,Brazil<br />
Range; Upper and Middle Amazon <strong>of</strong> Ecuador & Brazil.<br />
POTAMOTRYGONIDAE new species ISHIHARA & TANIUCHI 1995. Unnamed genus & species<br />
164
from <strong>the</strong> Rio Orinoco, exact locality not known, taken by a local fisherman in 1990.<br />
Holotype MTUF 26895 at Tokyo University <strong>of</strong> Fisheries.<br />
INDETERMINATE SPECIES<br />
RAJA ORBICULARIS Bloch & Schneider 1801<br />
Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648 (Brazil ) Nat. Hist. <strong>of</strong> Brazil. This is not a Potamotrygonid, but an<br />
unidentifiable marine species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Dasyatis.<br />
Aiereba brasiliensibus JONSTON 1649 (on Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648).<br />
Raja ajereba WALBAUM 1792 (on Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648). (Inadmissible work in Zoology)<br />
Raja orbicularis BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Aiereba MARCGRAVE 1648).<br />
PASTINACA HUMBOLDTI Dumeril 1865<br />
Pastenague de Humboldt ROULIN 1829 (Illustration.)<br />
Pastinaca humboldtii DUMERIL 1865<br />
Trygon garrapa SCHOMBURGK 1843 Sp. indet.<br />
Elipesurus spinicauda SCHOMBURGK 1843. New genus and species but regarded by most<br />
authors as indeterminable.<br />
Potamotrygon africana ARAMBOURG 1947 Sp. indet. based on caudal spines from fossil<br />
palaeo-environments in Nanoropus ,Ethiopia.<br />
Potamotrygon labratoris CASTEX 1963 Invalid name.<br />
Potamotrygon pauckei CASTEX 1963 t/l; Rio Parana, Santa Fe, Argentina. Invalid name.<br />
Potamotrygon alba CASTEX 1963 Sp. indet. Fossil.<br />
Raja brasiliensis MUELLER & HENLE 1841. This is a nom. dub. in Rajidae which may or may<br />
not involve <strong>the</strong> indeterminate Dasyatid marine species Aiereba MARCGRAVE.<br />
165
FAMILY GYMNURIDAE<br />
(Butterfly Rays; Diamond Rays)<br />
Genus GYMNURA Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823<br />
Subgenus GYMNURA Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823<br />
Pteryplatea FABIUS COLUMNA 1616<br />
Gymnura KUHL & VAN HASSELT 1823 type Raja micrura BL. & SCHN. 1801 (Precludes<br />
LESSON 1827; Horsfield & Vigors 1827; Nuttall 1834 & Muller & Henle 1837 )<br />
Pteroplatea M. & H. 1837, type Raja altavela LINN.<br />
? Ceratoptera DAY 1878 (non M.& H.1841 = Manta BANCROFT ), type Ceratoptera ehrenbergi<br />
DAY . Probable malformed specimen <strong>of</strong> Gymnura poecilura (SHAW)<br />
Pteroplataea ALCOCK 1892 (emendation)<br />
Planerocephalus GRATZIANOW 1906 (n.n. for Ceratoptera DAY, preocc. by M.&H. 1841 = Manta<br />
BANCROFT ) type, Planerocephalus ellioti GRATZIANOW 1906<br />
Phanerocephalus GRATZIANOW 1906 (emendation).<br />
G. ALTAVELA ( Linn.) 1758 Giant Butterfly Ray; Spiny Butterfly Ray.<br />
Pastinaca marina altera [Pteryplatea] Altavela dicta FABIUS COLUMNA 1616<br />
Pastinaca marina altera WILLUGHBY 1686<br />
Raja altavela LINN. 1758 (Mediterranean)<br />
Raja pastinaca var. b altavela LINN. 1766 t/l; Oceano Europaeo<br />
Raja altavela var. b GMELIN 1789<br />
Dasyatis altavilla RAFINESQUE 1810<br />
Raja maclura LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; Newport, Rhode Island<br />
Le Pastinaque de Fabius Columnae BLAINV. 1825<br />
Pteroplatea canariensis VALENCIENNES 1843 t/l; Canary Is.<br />
Pteroplatea valenciennii DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br />
Pteroplatea binotata LUNEL 1879<br />
Pteroplatea vaillanti ROCHEBRUNE 1880 t/l; "Barre du Senegal", Cape Blanco, Senegambia.<br />
Dasyatis attavilla GARMAN 1913 (lapsus in synonymy)<br />
Range;Eastern Atlantic;Mediterranean; Madeira & Canaries south to Congo.<br />
Western Atlantic; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New England south to Rio de la Plata, Brazil<br />
G. MICRURA (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Lesser Butterfly Ray; Smooth Butterfly Ray; Shorttailed<br />
Butterfly Ray<br />
Raja micrura BL. & SCHN. 1801 t/l; Surinam.<br />
Trygonobatus microurus BLAINV. 1816 ) (n. nud.)<br />
Range; Western Atlantic; Brazil to Chesapeake Bay and occasionally to New England. Coastal.<br />
Nominally from tropical West Africa. O<strong>the</strong>r refs. doubtful.<br />
G. POECILURA ( Shaw ) 1804 Long-tailed Butterfly Ray<br />
Tenkee Kunsal or Kunsua RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India<br />
Raja poecilura SHAW 1804 (on RUSSELL 1803 ) t/l; Coromandel Coast <strong>of</strong> India.<br />
Pastinaca kunsal CUVIER 1829 (on RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Trygon kunsua CUVIER 1829<br />
Pteroplatea annulata SWAINSON 1839 (on RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Pteroplatea japonica SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l; Nagasaki, Japan.<br />
? Ceratoptera ehrenbergi DAY 1878 ( non M. & H. 1841 = Manta ) t/l; Madras.<br />
166
? Astrape dipterygia DAY 1888 (non Rhinobatus dipterygia BL.& SCHN. 1801= Narke ). Founded<br />
on same example as C. ehrenbergi DAY 1878.<br />
Planerocephalus ellioti GRATZIANOW 1906 (on Ceratoptera ehrenbergi DAY 1878, new name, as<br />
it is preocc. by M. & H. in Manta BANCROFT )<br />
Range; Red Sea to Japan , Indonesia, Philippines & Polynesia.<br />
G. HIRUNDO ( Lowe ) 1843 Madeira Butterfly Ray<br />
Pteroplatea hirundo LOWE 1843 t/l; Madeira<br />
Range; Madeira; S.Brazil. Dubious species.<br />
G. MARMORATA (Cooper) 1863 Marbled Butterfly Ray<br />
Pteroplatea marmorata COOPER 1863 t/l; San Diego, California<br />
Pteroplatea crebripunctata PETERS 1869 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Pteroplatea rava JORD. & STARKS 1895 t/l; Mazatlan, Mexico.<br />
Pteroplatea afuerae HILDEBRAND 1946 t/l; Lobos de Afuera I., Peru.<br />
Range; Eastern Pacific; San Diego to Peru.<br />
G. BIMACULATA (Norman) 1925 Twinspot Butterfly Ray<br />
Pteroplatea bimaculata NORMAN 1925 t/l; Yenting,Chekiang,China.<br />
Pteroplatea jordani CHU 1930 t/l; Ningpo Fish Market, China.From East China Sea<br />
Gymnura crooki FOWLER 1933 t/l; Kowloon, China.<br />
Range; Japan;E. & S. China; Taiwan.<br />
Subgenus AETOPLATEA<br />
Aetoplatea M.& H. 1841, type Aetoplatea tentaculata VALENCIENNES in M.& H. 1841<br />
Aetoplatia AGASSIZ 1846 (emendation )<br />
G. TENTACULATA (Valenciennes in M. & H.) 1841 Tentacled Butterfly Ray<br />
G. tentaculata tentaculata (VALENCIENNES in M.& H.) 1841<br />
Aetoplatea tentaculata VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; Red Sea & Malabar Coast, India<br />
Range; Red Sea to Malabar Coast <strong>of</strong> India.<br />
G. tentaculata australis (RAMSAY & OGILBY ) 1885 Australian Tentacled Butterfly Ray<br />
Pteroplatea australis RAMSAY & OGILBY 1885 t/l; Cape Hawke, N.S.W.<br />
Range; Tropical North Australia & Sou<strong>the</strong>rn New Guinea from Pt. Hedland, NW. Australia to<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn New South Wales.<br />
FC 00 037001<br />
G. ZONURA (Bleeker ) 1852 Zonetail Butterfly<br />
Ray<br />
Aetoplatea zonurus BLKR. 1852 t/l; Batavia, Java<br />
Range; India to Indonesia.<br />
G. NATALENSIS (Gilchrist & Thompson) 1911 Natal Butterfly Ray<br />
Pteroplatea natalensis GILCHRIST & THOMPSON 1911 t/l; Natal , S. Africa.<br />
Range; Natal, South Africa.<br />
FAMILY MYLIOBATIDAE<br />
Eagle Rays<br />
Genus MYLIOBATIS Cuvier 1817<br />
? Ictaetus RAFINESQUE 1815 (n. nud.) atypic.<br />
Myliobatis CUVIER 1817 type Raja aquila LINN. 1758<br />
Myliobates CUVIER 1822 (emendation)<br />
167
Aetobatis BLAINV. 1825 (non Aetobatus BLAINV. 1816 ) type R. aquila LINN.<br />
Pastinaca GRAY 1854 (included R.aquila LINN.)<br />
Holorhinus GILL 1862 type Rhinoptera vespertilio GIRARD 1856 (non Myliobatis vespertilio<br />
BLEEKER 1852)<br />
Aetobatus McCULLOCH 1911 (part)<br />
Leiobatus LAHILLE 1921 (non KLEIN 1775; non RAF. 1810; non BLKR. )<br />
Ptychacanthus (Ptychopleurus) AGASSIZ 1837 type Ptychacanthus (Ptychopleurus ) faujaisii<br />
AGASSIZ 1837. Fossil.<br />
Bates PROBST 1877, type Bates spectabilis PROBST 1877. Fossil.<br />
aquila group<br />
(shortnose group)<br />
aquila subgroup<br />
M. AQUILA (Linn.) 1758 Eastern Atlantic Tipsnout Brown Eagle Ray<br />
Aquila marina BELON 1553<br />
Aquila SALVIANI 1554<br />
Pastinaca marina MATTHIOLI 1565<br />
Raia sp. no. 5 ARTEDI 1738<br />
Raja aquila LINN. 1758 t/l; Mediterranean.<br />
La Mourine DUHAMEL 1782<br />
Myliobatis noctula BONAPARTE 1833 t/l; Italy<br />
Whip Ray YARRELL 1836<br />
Myliobatis cervus J.LB. SMITH 1935 t/l; Natal & Cape Agulhas, S. Africa<br />
Range; From Mediterranean (and occasionally as far north as England, Scotland and S.Norway)<br />
south to Natal, S. Africa<br />
californicus subgroup<br />
M. CALIFORNICUS Gill 1865 California Cleftnose Eagle Ray; Black Bat Ray<br />
Rhinoptera vespertilio GIRARD 1856 (non Myliobatis vespertilio BLKR. 1852 ) t/l; Tomales Bay,<br />
California<br />
Myliobatis californicus GILL 1865 (new name for above) t/l; Port San Bartholome and Santa Maria<br />
Bay, Lower California.<br />
? Rhinoptera encenadae SMITH 1886 t/l; Encenada, Baja California. Problematical form with<br />
abnormal dentition. Position dubious.<br />
Range; Cape San Mendocino, California to Magdalena Bay, Lower California. Occasionally reaches<br />
Oregon.<br />
M. GOODEI Garman 1885 Brazilian Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis goodei GARMAN 1885 t/l; Atlantic coast <strong>of</strong> central America.<br />
Range; Western Atlantic from <strong>the</strong> La Plata estuary to Panama. Possibly fur<strong>the</strong>r north.<br />
M. PERUVIANUS Garman 1913 Peruvian Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis peruvianus GARMAN 1913 t/l; Payta and Callao, Peru<br />
Range; Peru.<br />
tenuicaudatus subgroup<br />
M. TENIUCAUDATUS Hector 1877 Roundnose Crossband Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis aquila GUNTH. 1870 (non LINN.)<br />
Myliobatis tenuicaudatus HECTOR 1877 t/l; Wellington Harbour, New Zealand.<br />
Myliobatis australis MACLEAY 1881 t/l; Pt. Jackson, NSW.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn half <strong>of</strong> Australia from S. Queensland to S. W. Australia; New Zealand<br />
FC 00 039001<br />
( Garman 1913, suggested that this species may belong in Pteromylaeus )<br />
168
M. HAMLYNI Ogilby 1911 Roundnose Purple Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis hamlyni OGILBY 1911 t/l; Moreton Bay, Queensland, Aus.<br />
Range; S. Queensland and <strong>of</strong>f N.W.Aus.<br />
FC 00 039004<br />
freminvillei group<br />
(longnose group)<br />
M. FREMINVILLEI LeSueur 1824 Western Atlantic Longnose Eagle Ray<br />
? Raja bonasus MITCHILL 1815<br />
Myliobatis freminvillii LeSUEUR 1824 t/l; Rhode Island<br />
Myliobatis bispinosus STORER 1842 t/l; Holmes Hole, Massachusetts.<br />
Myliobatis acuta AYRES 1842 t/l; Long Island, New York<br />
Range; Massachusetts to mid-Brazil, on <strong>the</strong> continental coast.<br />
M. TOBIJEI Bleeker 1857 Japanese Longnose Eagle Ray; Kite Ray<br />
Myliobatis aquila SCHLEGEL 1850 ( non LINN. ) Japan<br />
Myliobatis tobijei BLEEKER 1857 t/l; Nagasaki<br />
Myliobatis cornuta GUNTHER 1870 t/l; Japan<br />
Range; Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan.<br />
M. LONGIROSTRIS Applegate & Fitch 1964 California Longnose Eagle Ray<br />
Mylibatis longirostris APPLEGATE & FITCH 1964 t/l; Baja California.<br />
Range; Baja California.<br />
UNGROUPED<br />
M. RHOMBUS Basilewsky 1855 Rhombic Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis rhombus BASILEWSKY 1855 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Peking, China. Definitely not tobijei<br />
Problematical form known only from a single specimen.<br />
M. CHILENSIS Philippi 1892 Chilean Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis chilensis PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile<br />
Range; Chile Original description based on an abnormal specimen, recently validated as a species.<br />
Genus AETOMYLAEUS Garman 1908<br />
Aetomylus GARMAN 1908 type Myliobatis maculatus GRAY 1834<br />
Aetomyleus SHARP 1908 (emendation ), type Myliobatis maculatus GRAY 1834<br />
Aetomylaeus GARMAN 1913 (emendation ,) type Myliobatis maculatus GRAY 1834<br />
A. NICHOFII (Bloch & Schneider ) 1801 Banded Unspined Eagle Ray<br />
Zee-Vlermuis NIEUHOF 1682 (Gadenk.Reiz.vol.1, p. 278) (East Indies)<br />
Raia nich<strong>of</strong>iii BLOCH & SCHNEIDER 1801 (on Nieuh<strong>of</strong> 1682)<br />
Mookarah Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India (on WILLUGHBY 1686 )<br />
Raja fasciata SHAW 1804 (on RUSSELL 1803 )<br />
Myliobatis nieuhowii CUVIER 1817 (emendation) (on WILLUGHBY 1686)<br />
Myliobatis nieuh<strong>of</strong>ii M. & H. 1841 (emendation) (Pondicherry & Malabar, India; New Holland)<br />
Raia macrocephala (PARKINSON) RICHARDSON 1846 ( Name in synonymy.)<br />
Myliobatis nieuh<strong>of</strong>i var. cornifera ANNANDALE 1909 t/l; India.<br />
169
Range; West coast <strong>of</strong> India to Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Japan & south to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Australia.<br />
FC 00 039002<br />
A. MACULATUS (Gray) 1834 Ocellate Unspined Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis cyclurus KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (n.nud.) t/l;Java.<br />
Myliobatis maculatus GRAY in HARDWICKE 1834 t/l;Penang<br />
Range; Ceylon to Western Indonesia.<br />
A. MILVUS (Valenciennes in Mueller & Henle) 1841 Plain Unspined Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis milvus VALENCIENNES in MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; Red Sea<br />
Myliobatis vultur MUELLER & HENLE 1841 t/l; China<br />
Myliobates oculeus RICHARDSON 1846 t/l; Canton, China.<br />
Range; Red Sea to China, Indonesia and Philippines<br />
A. VESPERTILIO (Bleeker) 1852 Reticulate Ornate Unspined Eagle Ray<br />
Myliobatis milvus CANTOR 1849 (non M.& H. 1841)<br />
Myliobatis vespertilio BLEEKER 1852 t/l; Batavia,Java.<br />
Range;North <strong>of</strong> Java; Penang;<strong>of</strong>f Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Terr., Aus.<br />
FC 00 039005<br />
A. HULETTI J.L.B. Smith 1965 Blackbanded Unspined Eagle Ray<br />
Aetomylus huletti J.L.B. SMITH 1965 t/l; Zululand, S. Africa.<br />
Range; Zululand (Known only from type locality) Aetomylus huletti appears to belong to<br />
Myliobatis judging by <strong>the</strong> figure in Smith 1965, but lacks tailspine. This may be a valid species.<br />
A. RETICULATUS Deng Reticulate Unspined Eagle Ray<br />
Aetomylaeus reticulatus DENG (unpublished new sp.) t/l; Taiwan<br />
Range; Taiwan.<br />
Genus PTEROMYLAEUS Garman 1913<br />
Myliobatis ST. HILAIRE 1809(but published 1817) ( non CUV. ) type Myliobatis bovina ST..<br />
HILAIRE 1817<br />
Pteromylaeus GARMAN 1913 type Myliobatis bovina ST. HILAIRE 1817<br />
P. BOVINUS (St. Hilaire )1817 Palestriped Bullray<br />
Myliobatis bovina ST.HILAIRE (1809) (1817) ( 1827) t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Alexandria, Egypt.<br />
Myliobates episcopus VALENCIENNES 1844 t/l; Canary Is., Algiers.<br />
Myliobatis bonaparti DUMERIL 1865 t/l; Mediterranean coast <strong>of</strong> Algeria; Canary Is.<br />
Range; African coast <strong>of</strong> Mediterranean & warm E. Atlantic south to east coast <strong>of</strong> S. Africa.<br />
P. PUNCTATUS (Maclay & Macleay) 1885 Spotted Bullray<br />
Myliobatis punctatus MACLAY & MACLEAY 1885 t/l; Admiralty & Lub or Hermit Island.<br />
Range; Melanesia<br />
P. ASPERRIMUS (Jordan & Evermann) 1898 Roughskin Bullray<br />
Myliobatis asperrimus GILBERT in JORD. & EV. 1898 t/; Panama Bay.<br />
Range; Panama Bay.<br />
170
Genus AETOBATUS Blainville 1816<br />
Raja EUPHRASEN 1790 (part)<br />
Raja BL. & SCHN. 1801 for Raja narinari EUPHRASEN and R. flagellum BL. & SCHN.<br />
Aetobatus BLAINV. 1816 type Raja narinari EUPHRASEN 1790<br />
Aetobatis BLAINV. 1816 (non BLAINV. 1825 )<br />
Myliobatis CUV. 1817 (part) for Raja narinari<br />
Aetobates RICHARDSON 1846 (emendation)<br />
Stoasodon CANTOR 1849 type R. narinari<br />
Aetobatys DUMERIL 1856 (emendation)<br />
Goniobatis AGASSIZ 1859 type Goniobatis meleagris AG. 1859<br />
A. NARINARI (Euphrasen) 1790 White-spotted Duckbill Ray<br />
Narinari brasiliensibus MARCGRAVE 1648 Nat. Hist. <strong>of</strong> Brazil t/l; Brazil<br />
Whip Ray BROOKES 1763<br />
Narinari BLOCH 1786 t/l; Brazil.<br />
Raja narinari EUPHRASEN 1790 (on MARCGRAVE ) t/l; St. Bartholomew's Island, W.Indies.<br />
Raie aigle LACEPEDE 1798 (part)<br />
Raie de Commerson LACEPEDE 1798 t/l; "Isle de France" (= Mauritius) & Madagascar.<br />
Raie narinari SONNINI 1802 t/l; Brazil & Guiana<br />
Raja ocellata RUSSELL 1803 (India) Specimen lacking tailspine<br />
Eel Tenkee RUSSELL 1803 Coromandel coast <strong>of</strong> India.<br />
Raja guttata SHAW 1804 (non BL. & SCHN. 1801 = Dasyatis )"Madagascar, Coromandel & Brazil.<br />
Partially spotted variant<br />
? Aetobatus sinensis BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
? Aetobatus filicaudatus BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
? Aetobatus forsteri BLAINV. 1816 (n. nud.)<br />
Raia quinqueaculeata QUOY & GAIMARD 1824<br />
Myliobatis eeltenkee RUPPELL 1835 t/l; Djedda & Massaua, Red Sea (teeth only)<br />
Aetobatis indica SWAINSON 1839 ( on RUSSELL 1803)<br />
Myliobatis macroptera McCLELLAND 1841 t/l; Bengal<br />
Raja edentula LICHTENSTEIN 1844 (non BRUNNICH 1768 ) t/l; Tanna, Tahiti.<br />
La Mourine narinari CANTOR 1849 t/l; Malay Pen.<br />
Goniobatis meleagris AGASSIZ 1859 t/l; Hawaiian Is.<br />
Aetobatis latirostris DUMERIL 1861 t/l; Gaboon. W. Africa.<br />
Aetobatus laticeps GILL 1865 t/l; California.<br />
Aetobatis guttata ANNANDALE 1909<br />
Eagle Ray MITCHELL-HEDGES 1937 (Honduras)<br />
Pteromylaeus sp. WALFORD 1937<br />
Mexican Eagle WALFORD 1937<br />
Aetobatus punctatus WHIT. 1940 (non MACLAY & MACLEAY ) Aus.<br />
Range; W. Atl.; Rio de Janeiro,Brazil to New Jersey,USA.<br />
E. Atl.; <strong>of</strong>f Trop West Africa.<br />
E. Pac. Baja California to Ecuador<br />
Indo-Pacific; Red Sea to S. Africa,Mauritius and Madagascar. East to<br />
171
Japan,Melanesia,N.S.W.,Australia; Fiji; Hawaii and Society Islands in<br />
Polynesia.Essentially cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters.<br />
FC 00 039003<br />
A. FLAGELLUS (Bloch & Schneider) 1801 Plain Duckbill Eagle Ray<br />
Raja flagellum BL.& SCHN. 1801 t/l; Coromandel<br />
Range; Red Sea to China & Indonesia. Also Senegal, West Africa & Hawaii.<br />
FAMILY RHINOPTERIDAE<br />
Cow-Nosed Rays<br />
Genus RHINOPTERA Cuvier 1829<br />
Myliobatis ST. HILAIRE 1817 (non CUVIER) type Myliobatis marginata ST. HIL. 1817<br />
Rhenoptera KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (n. nud.)<br />
Rhinoptera KUHL & Van HASSELT 1824 (n. nud.)<br />
Rhinoptera CUVIER 1829 type Myliobatis marginata ST. HILAIRE 1817<br />
Zygobatis AGASSIZ 1838 type Myliobatis jussieui CUVIER 1829<br />
Zygobates AGASSIZ 1843 (emendation)<br />
Trikeras HARLESS 1849 (no type)<br />
Mylorhina GILL 1865 type Rhinoptera lalandii M. & H. 1841<br />
Micromesus GILL 1865 type Rhinoptera adspersa M. & H. 1841<br />
Trycera DODERLEIN 1884 (Koch MS.) type Myliobatis typica (KOCH MS) = M. marginata<br />
ST. HILAIRE<br />
Rhenoptera WHITLEY 1940 type Rhinoptera neglecta OGILBY 1912<br />
R. BONASUS (Mitchill) 1815 Western Atlantic Cownose Ray<br />
Raja bonasus MITCHILL 1815 t/l; New York.<br />
Raja quadriloba LeSUEUR 1817 t/l; New Jersey.<br />
? Rhinoptera lalandii M. & H. 1841 t/l; Brazil<br />
Range; New York to Florida & N. coast <strong>of</strong> Cuba.<br />
Venezuela to Brazil if R. lalandii a synonym.<br />
R. MARGINATA (St. Hilaire) 1817 Lusitanian Cownose Ray<br />
Myliobatis marginata ST. HILAIRE 1817 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Egypt.<br />
Myliobatis typica (KOCH MS.) DODERLEIN 1884<br />
Range; Mediterranean; S. Spain to equatorial West Africa.<br />
R. BRASILIENSIS M.& H. 1841 Brazilian Cownose Ray<br />
Rhinoptera brasiliensis MULLER 1835 (n.nud.)<br />
Rhinoptera brasiliensis M. & H. 1841 t/l; Brazil<br />
Rhinoptera jussieui GUNTH. 1870 (non CUVIER) t/l;Brazil<br />
Range; Known only from Rio deJaneiro & Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.<br />
R. JAVANICA M. & H. 1841 Flapnose Ray; Javanese Cownose Ray<br />
Rhinoptera javanica M. & H. 1841 t/l; Java.<br />
Rhinoptera smithii GRAY 1851 "Antarctic Seas." ( error )<br />
Rhinoptera truncata (Van Hasselt) BLEEKER 1852 (East Indies).<br />
? Rhinoptera peli BLKR. 1863 t/l; Guinea<br />
? Rhinoptera affinis BLKR. 1863 t/l; Guinea (foetus)<br />
? Rhinoptera jayakari BOULENGER 1895 t/l; Muscat, Arabia.<br />
Range; Sou<strong>the</strong>rn China to India & Ceylon. ? Off Arabia. ? Guinea, West Africa.<br />
172
R. ADSPERSA Valenciennes in M. & H. 1841 Rough Cownose Ray<br />
Rhinoptera adspersa VALENCIENNES in M. & H. 1841 t/l; India<br />
Range; India; Malay Peninsula.<br />
R. STEINDACHNERI Evermann & Jenkins 1892 Hawkray or Pacific Cownose Ray<br />
Rhinoptera steindachneri EVERMANN & JENKINS 1892 t/l; Guayamas,Mexico.<br />
Range; Pacific coast <strong>of</strong> Mexico to Galapagos Is.<br />
R. NEGLECTA Ogilby 1912 Australian Cownose Ray<br />
Rhinoptera javanica DE VIS 1885 (non M.& H.)<br />
Rhinoptera neglecta OGILBY 1912 t/l; Moreton Bay,Queensland.<br />
Range; Central Queensland to Nor<strong>the</strong>rn New South Wales.<br />
FC 00 040001<br />
R. SEWELLI Misra 1947 Indian Cownose Ray<br />
Rhinoptera sewelli MISRA 1947 t/l; India.<br />
Range; India<br />
Species dubiae<br />
R. JUSSIEUI (Cuvier) 1829<br />
Myliobatis jussieui CUVIER 1829 (on JUSSIEU 1721 from China)<br />
R. POLYODON Gun<strong>the</strong>r 1870<br />
Rhinoptera polyodon GUNTHER 1870 t/l; not known.<br />
Problematical form with abnormal dentition.<br />
R. HAINENSIS Chu 1960<br />
Rhinoptera hainensis CHU 1960 t/l; Hainan.<br />
Range; Off Hainan.<br />
173
FAMILY MOBULIDAE<br />
(Devil Rays; Ox Rays)<br />
Genus MOBULA Rafinesque 1810<br />
? Squalus BRUNNICH 1768 type Squalus edentulus BRUNNICH 1768<br />
? Aodon BOSC 1803, type Squalus messasa BONN. 1788 = Squalus massasa FORSKAL 1775<br />
(problematical) No loc.<br />
Mobula RAFINESQUE 1810 type Mobula auriculata RAF. 1810 = Raia mobular BONN. 1788<br />
? Aodon RAF. 1810 type Aodon cornutus RAF. 1810 ( ? = Aodon cornue LAC. 1798 )<br />
Apterurus RAF. 1810 type Apterurus fabroni RAF. 1810 (emendation <strong>of</strong> Raja fabroniana LAC.<br />
1800 = Raja mobular BONNATERRE 1788 )<br />
Cephalopterus RISSO 1810 type Raja giorna LAC. 1803 = Raja mobular BONNATERRE 1788.<br />
(Preoccupied by Cephalopterus ST. HILAIRE 1809 in Aves.)<br />
Apturus RAF. 1815 (Emendation <strong>of</strong> Apterurus RAF. 1810<br />
Dicerobatus BLAINV. 1816 type Raja mobular BONN., subsequent designation by Jordan 1917.<br />
Cephaloptera CUVIER 1817 type Raja cephaloptera BL. & SCHN. 1801<br />
Dicerobatis BLAINV. 1825 type Raja mobular BONN.<br />
Cephalopteram GRIFFITH & SMITH 1834 (lapsus )<br />
Pterocephalus SWAINSON 1838 type Pterocephalus massena SWAINS. = Raia mobular BONN.<br />
Pterocephala SWAINSON 1839 type Raja giorna LAC. 1803 = Raja mobular<br />
Diarabatus JORD. & EV. 1896 (emendation <strong>of</strong> Dicerobatus BLAINV.), type Cephalopterus<br />
hypostomus BANCROFT 1831<br />
Aodon JORD. & EV. 1896 type Cephalopterus hypostomus BANCROFT 1831<br />
Ceratobatis BOULENGER 1897 type Ceratobatis robertsi BOULENGER 1897 = Mobula<br />
hypostoma.<br />
Indomanta WHITLEY 1936 type Indomanta tombazii WHIT. 1936 = Raja diabolus SHAW.<br />
NOT Anodon AGASSIZ 1846 (emendation), preoccupied by OKEN 1815<br />
M. MOBULAR (Bonnatere) 1788 Horned Ray; Ox Ray; Larger Devil Ray<br />
? Squalus edentulus BRUNNICH 1768 No locality. Probably Marseilles. (Specimen in Pisa<br />
Museum, dried head, no lower teeth.)<br />
Mobular DUHAMEL 1782<br />
Raie cornue DUHAMEL 1782 Specimen taken <strong>of</strong>f Marseilles in 1723.<br />
Divil Fish PENNANT 1787<br />
Raia mobular BONNATERRE 1788 (on Duhamel)<br />
Raie mobular LACEPEDE 1798 (on Duhamel)<br />
? L'Aodon cornue LACEPEDE 1798<br />
Raja fabroniana LACEPEDE 1800 t/l; <strong>of</strong>f Livorno, Italy.<br />
Raja cephaloptera BL. & SCHN. 1801 (on Duhamel)<br />
Raja giorna LAC. 1803 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
174
Raja diabolus SHAW 1804 (on DUHAMEL )<br />
Grande Raie GIORNA 1805 (Med.)<br />
Mobula auriculata RAF. 1810 (on Raie mobular LAC.)<br />
Apterurus fabroni RAF. 1810 ( on LAC. ) ( n.nud.)<br />
? Aodon cornutus RAF. 1810 ( ? on LAC.)<br />
Cephalopterus giorna RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Cephalopterus massena RISSO 1810 t/l; Nice, France.<br />
Dicerobatus giornanus BLAINV. 1816 (n.nud.)<br />
Cephaloptera sp. THOMPSON 1835<br />
Ox Ray COUCH 1838<br />
Dicerobatis giornae GUNTH. 1870<br />
Cephaloptera edentula GRIFFINI 1903 t/l; Italy<br />
Range; Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic; Portugal to Senegal; Azores; Canaries. Occasionally<br />
north to S.W. Ireland.<br />
M. EREGOODOOTENKEE (Cuvier) 1829 Longfin Devilray<br />
? Squalus massasa FORSKAL 1775 t/l; No loc.? Red Sea.<br />
? Squalus messasa BONN. 1788 (on FORSKAL)<br />
? Raja banksiana LAC. 1800<br />
Eregoodoo Tenkee, Raja capito lato RUSSELL 1803 t/l; Vizagapatam, India<br />
Cephaloptera tatraniana KUHL & Van HASSELT 1823 (on RUSSELL)<br />
Raia (Cephaloptera) eregoodoo-tenkee CUVIER 1829 (on RUSSELL )<br />
Cephaloptera eregoodoo BLEEKER 1852<br />
Dicerobatis monstrum KLUNZ. 1871 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Range; Red Sea to Indonesia & <strong>the</strong> Philippines,New Guinea , N. Aus. & New Hebrides. NOT East<br />
& South Africa.<br />
FC 00 041001<br />
M. HYPOSTOMA (Bancr<strong>of</strong>t) 1831 Atlantic Lesser<br />
Devilray<br />
Cephalopterus hypostomus BANCROFT 1831 t/l; Jamaica.<br />
Cephaloptera olfersii MULLER 1834 t/l; Brazil.<br />
Cephaloptera massenoidea HILL 1862 t/l;Jamaica.<br />
Ceratobatis robertsii BOULENGER 1897 t/l; Jamaica.<br />
Cephaloptera massenoides GUDGER 1912<br />
Range; Western Atlantic ( coastal) N.Carolina to Brazil (occasionally Argentina)<br />
M. JAPANICA (M.& H.) 1841 Spinetail<br />
Devilray<br />
Cephaloptera japanica M.& H 1841t/l; Japan<br />
Cephaloptera japonica SCHLEGEL 1850 t/l; Japan<br />
Mobula rancureli CADENAT 1959 t/l; Ivory Coast, W. Africa.<br />
Range; Japan to India; North Island <strong>of</strong> New Zealand; Hawaii; S. California to Ecuador;<br />
Guinea Coast <strong>of</strong> West Africa.<br />
FC 00 041002<br />
M. KUHLI (M.&H.) 1841 Shortfin<br />
Devilray<br />
Cephaloptera kuhlii VALENCIENNES in M.& H. 1841 t/l; India.<br />
Dicerobatis draco GUNTH. 1872 t/l; Misol I., Indonesia.<br />
Range; S. Africa to India & Indonesia.<br />
M. ROCHEBRUNEI (Vaillant) 1879 Blue Devilray; Lesser Guinean Devilray<br />
Cephaloptera (Dicerobatis) rochebrunei VAILLANT 1879 t/l; Senegal.<br />
Range; West Africa.<br />
175
Blue specimens allied to M. hypostoma.<br />
M. TARAPACANA (Philippi) 1892 Sicklefin<br />
Devilray<br />
Cephaloptera tarapacana PHILIPPI 1892 t/l; Chile.<br />
Mobula coilloti CADENAT & RANCUREL 1960 t/l;Ivory Coast, W. Africa.<br />
Mobula formosana TENG 1962 t/l; Taiwan.<br />
Mobula formosa WONGRATANA 1974 (lapsus for formosana)<br />
Range; Recorded from Chile; Baja California; Venezuela; S. Africa; Ivory Coast; Taiwan.<br />
M. THURSTONI (Lloyd) 1908 Bentfin Devilray; Smoothtail Devilray<br />
? Dicerobatis eregoodoo CANTOR 1849 (non CUVIER) t/l;Penang<br />
Dicerobatis thurstoni LLOYD 1908 t/l; Makran Coast, India & Oman.<br />
Mobula lucasana BEEBE & TEE-VAN 1938 t/l; Cape San Lucas, Baja California.<br />
Range; Circumtropical. Rec. from India to Gulf <strong>of</strong> Thailand; Oman; Natal, S. Africa; N. Queensland,<br />
Australia. Senegambia, W. Africa. Gulf <strong>of</strong> California to Costa Rica.<br />
FC 00 041003<br />
M. MUNKIANA Notarbartolo- Di- Sciara 1987 Pygmy Devilray<br />
Mobula munkiana NOTARBARTOLO- DI- SCIARA 1987 t/l; Baja California.<br />
Range; Baja California.<br />
MOBULA Sp. Dubia<br />
M. MANATIA (Lacepede) 1798<br />
Raia manatia LAC. 1798. Equatorial America. May be a Mobula or Manta.<br />
Raja manatia BL. & SCHN. 1801 ( on LAC. 1798)<br />
Genus MANTA Bancr<strong>of</strong>t 1828<br />
Raja WALBAUM 1792 (part) for Raja birostris WALBAUM 1792<br />
(this referred to Diabolus marinus WILLUGHBY 1686 & Devil Fish CATESBY 1731 [Carolina], but<br />
also to Divil Fish PENNANT 1787 and Raie cornue DUHAMEL 1782, which equal Mobula)<br />
Cephalopterus MITCHILL 1824 (non RISSO) type Cephalopterus vampyrus MITCHILL<br />
Cephaloptera LeSUEUR 1824 ( non CUV.) type Cephaloptera giorna LeSUEUR (non LAC.)<br />
Manta BANCROFT 1828 type Manta americana BANCROFT 1828 = Cephalopterus manta<br />
BANROFT = Raja birostris WALB.<br />
Ceratoptera M.&H. 1837 type Ceratoptera johnii M.&H. 1837 = Cephaloptera giorna<br />
LeSUEUR<br />
Brachioptilon NEWMAN 1849 type Brachioptilon hamiltoni NEWMAN 1849<br />
Diabolicthys HOLMES 1856 type Diabolicthys ellioti HOLMES 1856<br />
Deratoptera KREFFT 1868 ( error for Ceratoptera) type Deratoptera alfredi KREFFT 1868<br />
(n.nud.)<br />
Daemomanta WHITLEY 1932 type Manta alfredi STEAD 1906.Whitley considers Krefft 1868 a<br />
nomen nudum.<br />
Desmomanta FOWLER 1934 (misprint for Daemomanta)<br />
176
M. BIROSTRIS (Donndorff ) 1798 Manta Ray; Giant Devilray<br />
Diabolus marinus WILLUGHBY 1686 No loc.<br />
Devil Fish CATESBY 1731 Nat. Hist. <strong>of</strong> Carolina. t/l; Carolina.<br />
Raja birostris, rostro bifido WALBAUM 1792 (on WILLUGHBY 1686) (inadmissible work)<br />
Raja birostris DONNDORFF 1798 (on WALBAUM 1792)<br />
? La Raie manatia LAC. 1798 (Equatorial America)<br />
? Raja banksiana LAC. 1800 (East Indies)<br />
? Raja fimbriata LAC. 1802 (North Atlantic)<br />
? Raja manatia BL. & SCHN. 1801 (on LAC.)<br />
La raie frangee LAC. 1802<br />
Cephaloptera giorna LeSUEUR 1824 (non LAC.) t/l; Delaware Bay and Savannah, Georgia.<br />
Cephalopterus vampyrus MITCHILL 1824 t/l; Delaware Bay.<br />
Sea Devil LAMONT 1824<br />
Cephalopterus manta BANCROFT 1829 t/l; Jamaica<br />
Manta americana BANCROFT 1829 ( to replace Cephalopterus manta BANCROFT<br />
1829 )<br />
Ceratoptera lesueurii SWAINSON 1839 ( on LESUEUR)<br />
Ceratoptera johnii M.&H. 1841 t/l; Jamaica.<br />
Ceratoptera ehrenbergi M. & H. 1841 t/l; Red Sea.<br />
Cephaloptera vampirus DeKAY 1842 t/l; New York.<br />
Cephaloptera diabolus VALENCIENNES 1843 ( non SHAW 1804 = Mobula ) North America.<br />
Cephaloptera sp. GOSSE 1845 ( Cuba)<br />
Brachioptilon hamiltoni NEWMAN 1849 t/l; Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Cephaloptera ellioti HOLMES 1854 t/l; S. Carolina.<br />
Deratoptera alfredi KREFFT 1868 (n. nud.) t/l; Port Jackson, NSW.<br />
Ceratoptera vampyrus GUNTH. 1870 t/l; Jamaica.<br />
Cephaloptera stelligera GUNTH. 1870 (in HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG 1899)<br />
Ceratoptera STREETS 1877 (no sp. name) Gulf <strong>of</strong> California.<br />
Manta raya BAER 1899 t/l; Zorritos, Peru.<br />
Manta manatia FOWLER 1903 New Jersey.<br />
Mobula japonica JORD. & EV. 1895 (non M.&H. ) Honolulu.<br />
Ceratoptera orissa LLOYD 1908 t/l; Puri, Orissa.<br />
Manta alfredi STEAD 1908 Pt. Jackson, NSW.<br />
177
Sea Bat HOLDER 1908<br />
Pakoka PINCHOT 1930 ( Ua haka, Uaar Hat, Teuaua, Marquesas.)<br />
Dicerobatis eregoodoo TOMBAZI 1934 t/l; Cape Houza, Karachi.<br />
Indomanta tombazii WHITLEY 1936 (on TOMBAZI 1934)<br />
Manta ? banksiana WHITLEY 1936 t/l; Nauru & Solomon Islands.<br />
Manta pinchoti WHITLEY 1936 (on birostris FWLR. 1932) t/l; Marquesas.<br />
Manta fowleri WHITLEY 1936 (on birostris FWLR. 1927) t/l; Fanning I., Central Pacific.<br />
Manta pakoka WHITLEY 1936 (on PINCHOT 1930) t/l; Marquesas.<br />
Range;Eastern Atlantic; Madeira; Tropical west Africa from Senegal to Liberia. Western Atlantic; S.<br />
Carolina to Rio de Janeiro. Accidental to New England. Bermuda. Indo- Pacific; Red Sea south to<br />
Natal, east to Japan,Melanesia, NSW,Aus.,Fiji, Hawaii, Marquesas.Eastern Pacific; S. California to<br />
Peru. FC 00 041004<br />
This species is presently considered to be represented by a single worldwide species.If <strong>the</strong>re are more<br />
than one <strong>the</strong> earliest names in each major ocean area are:-<br />
Raja birostris DONNDORFF 1798 Atlantic.<br />
Ceratoptera ehrenbergi M.& H. 1841 Red Sea. Indo-Pacific.<br />
Brachioptilon hamiltoni NEWMAN 1849 Gulf <strong>of</strong> California Eastern Pacific.<br />
Deratoptera alfredi KREEFT 1868 Port Jackson , Australia. Should be dated from STEAD 1908, as<br />
KREFFT is a nomen nudum.<br />
ADDENDUM<br />
Rajidae<br />
Raja koreana JEONG & NAKABO 1997 t/l; Korea<br />
Ichthyological Research 44 ( 4) pp. 413-420<br />
178
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