Caltec Deliquification and the Revival of Oil and - ALRDC
Caltec Deliquification and the Revival of Oil and - ALRDC
Caltec Deliquification and the Revival of Oil and - ALRDC
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6 th European well de-liquefication conference, Groningen , 2011<br />
DE-LIQUEFICATION AND REVIVAL OF<br />
OIL AND GAS WELLS USING<br />
JET PUMP TECHNOLOGY<br />
Sacha Sarshar,<strong>Caltec</strong>
MAIN CAUSES OF LIQUID BUILD UP<br />
IN OIL OR GAS WELLS<br />
• LOW VELOCITY OF GAS TO CARRY THE LIQUIDS THROUGH THE WELL<br />
BORE<br />
• FWHP, DICTATED BY DOWNSTREAM PROCESS SYSTEM<br />
• MULTIPHASE FLOW THROUGH WELL BORE COULD LEAD TO FLOW<br />
REGIMES SUCH AS ANNULAR MIST, CHURN FLOW, SLUGGING<br />
ETC,WHICH AFFECT BOTH THE HYDROSTATIC HEAD AND FRICTIONAL<br />
LOSSES THROUGH WELL BORE<br />
• THE FLOWING BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE(FBHP) IS THE MAIN FACTOR<br />
AFFECTING PRODUCTION, FWHP IS A GUIDE, BUT COULD BE<br />
MISLEADING<br />
• INCLINED & HORIZONTAL PROFILE OF WELLS CONTRIBUTE TO GAS-<br />
LIQUID SEPARATION WITHIN THE WELL BORE AND GENERATION OF<br />
SLUGS<br />
• IF TRANSPORT BY PIPELINE IS INVOLVED, LIQUID BUILD UP IN<br />
PIPELINES COULD ALSO AGGRAVATE THE PROBLEM
Superficial<br />
Liquid Velocity<br />
Superficial Liquid<br />
Velocity (m/s)<br />
(m/s)<br />
Dispersed Bubble<br />
Stratified<br />
Intermittent<br />
Wave<br />
Annular Mist<br />
Superficial Gas Velocity (m/s)<br />
Bubble<br />
Slug<br />
Froth<br />
V ≥ 5 m/s<br />
Annular<br />
Mist<br />
COMPARISON<br />
OF FLOW<br />
REGIMES IN<br />
HORIZONTAL<br />
AND VERTICAL<br />
PIPES
SEVERITY AND EXTENT OF LIQUID BUILD UP<br />
AFFECT THE SOLUTION SELECTION<br />
• CASES WHEN LOWERING THE FWHP IS SUFFICIENT TO REVIVE<br />
THE WELL, THE QUESTION IS EFFECTIVENESS AT WHAT FWHP or<br />
FBHP?<br />
• CASES WHEN AN INITIAL DELIQUEFICATION IS NEEDED<br />
,FOLLOWED BY OPERATION UNDER A LOWER FWHP.<br />
• CASES WHEN A BOTTOMHOLE BOOSTING SYSTEM OR GAS LIFT IS<br />
ESSENTIAL FOR REVIVAL AND MAINTAINING PRODUCTION<br />
SEVERAL OPTIONS EXIST FOR THE INITIAL DELIQUEFICATION SUCH<br />
AS USE OF FOAMING AGENTS OR USE OF DOWNHOLE SYSTEMS.
REMEDIAL SOLUTIONS TO<br />
WELL DE-LIQUEFACTION<br />
• REGULAR GAS BLOW DOWN TO ATMOSPHERE<br />
• WELL SHUT IN INTERMITTENTLY<br />
• LOWER FLOWING WELLHEAD PRESSURE ( USE OF JET PUMP<br />
TECHNOLOGY-CONTINUOUS OPERATION)<br />
• USE OF FOAMING AGENTS<br />
• TUBING SIZE MODIFICATION/VELOCITY STRING<br />
• ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS (DOWNHOLE) INCLUDING<br />
DOWNHOLE JET PUMPS<br />
BEST SOLUTION IN EACH CASE IS DICTATED BY;<br />
WELL STATUS,RESEVOIR CHARACTERISTICS,AVAILABLE<br />
SOURCE OF ENERGY AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION
Jet Pump Technology<br />
Patented Universal Design Jet Pump<br />
Removabl<br />
e<br />
Nozzle<br />
Removable<br />
Mixing tube /Diffuser<br />
Some possible HP sources-;<br />
- HP WELLS (oil or gas wells) - COMPRESSOR GAS/ RECYCLE<br />
GAS<br />
- HP GAS FROM PROCESS SYSTEM - A SINGLE PHASE (LIQUID)<br />
PUMP<br />
- HP LIQUID(OIL,WATER)
MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE<br />
~ HP/LP PRESSURE RATIO<br />
~ HP/LP FLOW RATIO<br />
~ GAS/LIQUID RATIO(LP FLOW)<br />
(oil or gas production cases)<br />
Secondary<br />
factors;<br />
- Mol. weight<br />
- Temperature<br />
- Liquid content<br />
in gas phase
TYPES AND RANGES OF JET PUMP APPLICATIONS<br />
• <strong>Revival</strong> <strong>of</strong> dead wells (oil&gas wells) / well<br />
de-liquefication<br />
• Boost production from oil or gas wells<br />
• Boost pressure <strong>of</strong> LP gas in a process system<br />
• De-bottleneck compressors<br />
• Eliminate intermediate compressors<br />
• Prevent HP wells to impose excess back pressure on<br />
LP wells<br />
• Prevent flaring LP gas<br />
• O<strong>the</strong>rs to meet process requirements
WELL REVIVAL –SPILAMBERTO FIELD,ITALY<br />
Source <strong>of</strong> HP flow; HP gas<br />
well<br />
Benefits;<br />
Gain in gas production by<br />
23,000 sm3/d (0.812MMscfd)For<br />
almost two years
BP Inde, UKCS<br />
Problem ; Restricted production from<br />
satellite Shell wells.Pipeline also loaded<br />
Solution ; Used HP recycled gas to<br />
power jet pump, to draw-in low pressure<br />
Shell wells<br />
Benefits<br />
• Used 68 MMscfd <strong>of</strong> gas from LP<br />
Shell wells into <strong>the</strong> exiting<br />
facilities.<br />
• Production increased by 25%<br />
• Increased intake capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
compressor<br />
• De- bottlenecked exiting<br />
compressor<br />
Award winning solution<br />
Davy Line<br />
Bessemer<br />
Line<br />
Low Pressure<br />
Gas Wells<br />
Kilo<br />
Separator<br />
Compressor<br />
Dp<br />
Subsea Line<br />
( Php/Plp=17.6,Qhp/Qlp=0.82.Pd/Plp=1.44 )<br />
Jet Pump<br />
Export
Problem; Three satellite subsea wells 27miles<br />
away from production platform. Long distance<br />
transport + excessive liquid build- up in <strong>the</strong><br />
wells & <strong>the</strong> pipeline.<br />
Solution ; HP gas from <strong>the</strong> existing compressor<br />
on recycle used to power <strong>the</strong> jet pump<br />
(Php/Plp=4.9.Qhp/Qlp= 2.11,Pd/Plp=2 )<br />
Benefits<br />
Lowered arrival pressure by 200 psi<br />
• Higher gas velocities, lowered <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong><br />
liquids accumulated in <strong>the</strong> pipeline, causing a<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r 140psi drop at <strong>the</strong> wellhead (340 psi total<br />
pressure drop).<br />
• Production increased by 24% due to wellhead<br />
pressure reduction <strong>and</strong> lower pipeline loss.<br />
• 2.5 Bscf <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rwise lost reserves recovered.<br />
Chevron, USA (GOM)<br />
process<br />
200 psig<br />
7.4 MMSCFD<br />
850 psig<br />
400 psig<br />
Ejector<br />
40MMSCFD<br />
Recycle gas<br />
GEMINI<br />
Sub sea<br />
manifold<br />
Export<br />
Sales<br />
1250 psig
HP Well<br />
LP Well<br />
Groet field eductor<br />
<strong>Caltec</strong><br />
Jet Pump<br />
15 km<br />
Pipeline<br />
Compressor<br />
At eductor:<br />
Pressure ratio HP/LP = 5<br />
Flow ratio HP/LP = 3<br />
Drying<br />
unit<br />
Gas liquid ratio (m3 liquid per 1 million m3<br />
gas)<br />
HP well 65<br />
LP well 30
HP Well<br />
LP Well<br />
Bergen Drying Facility<br />
Eductor<br />
15 km<br />
Pipeline<br />
<strong>Caltec</strong><br />
Jet Pump<br />
Case 1 At eductor:<br />
Pressure ratio HP/LP = 4<br />
Flow ratio HP/LP = 2.3<br />
Case 2 At eductor:<br />
Pressure ratio HP/LP = 10<br />
Flow ratio HP/LP = 7<br />
Compressor<br />
Drying<br />
unit
Alaska, USA<br />
Problem ; Restricted production from<br />
gas well due to liquid loading in dual<br />
completion well.<br />
Solution ; Used HP gas from long-string<br />
to <strong>of</strong>f-load <strong>the</strong> well via surface jet pump<br />
Benefits<br />
• Used available wasted energy to <strong>of</strong>fload<br />
<strong>the</strong> well.<br />
• Total production from well jumped to 7<br />
MMscfd from 2.5 MMscfd. Production<br />
increased by 180%.<br />
• Liquid loading cycle was reduced,<br />
hence more sustainable production<br />
gain.<br />
HP Gas<br />
Gas Jet<br />
Pump<br />
LP Wet gas<br />
Dual<br />
Completion<br />
Well
WELL REVIVAL USING TEST SEPARATOR<br />
LP Wells<br />
Production<br />
Header<br />
Test<br />
Header<br />
HP Gas<br />
3 October, 2011 Presentation title<br />
COMMERCIAL-IN-CONFIDENCE<br />
Well <strong>Revival</strong><br />
Gas Jet Pump<br />
HP Liquid<br />
Gas<br />
M<br />
Test Separator<br />
M<br />
Well <strong>Revival</strong><br />
Liquid Jet<br />
Pump<br />
Liquid<br />
REVIVAL APPLIES TO BOTH GAS AND OIL WELLS<br />
©<strong>Caltec</strong> Limited 2010. This information contains <strong>Caltec</strong>’s proprietary intellectual property <strong>and</strong> is not to be disclosed to a third party without <strong>the</strong> prior written consent <strong>of</strong> <strong>Caltec</strong> Limited.<br />
<strong>Caltec</strong> Limited, Medway Court, Cranfield, Bedfordshir e MK43 0FQ United Kingdom : Tel: +44 (0)1234 750144 Email: info@caltec.com www.caltec.com<br />
16
USE OF TEST SEPARATOR FOR WELL REVIVAL<br />
Well<br />
Test<br />
Header<br />
Production<br />
Header<br />
Test<br />
Separator<br />
Bypass valve<br />
Booster<br />
Pump<br />
HP gas<br />
Bypass<br />
valve<br />
Jet Jet Pump Pump
OFFSHORE MALAYSIA :PREVENT NEW HP WELL<br />
RESTRICTING PRODUCTION FROM LP WELLS + WELL REVIVAL<br />
3 October, 2011 Presentation title 18
OIL PRODUCTION - WELLCOM BOOST SYSTEM<br />
HIGH PRESSURE GAS<br />
JET PUMP<br />
GAS<br />
LOW PRESSURE<br />
OIL WELLS<br />
I-SEP<br />
GAS<br />
Commingler<br />
LIQUID<br />
LIQUID<br />
LIQUID<br />
COMMINGLER<br />
BOOSTER PUMP<br />
Php/Plp=7.9<br />
Qhp/Qlp=3.2<br />
Pd/Plp=1.46<br />
TO PIPELINE
HI-SEP<br />
WELLCOM SYSTEM ; OFFSHORE MALYSIA<br />
Lift gas as <strong>the</strong> motive flow+ A booster pump to boost <strong>the</strong> liquid phase<br />
Jet pump<br />
Booster<br />
Pump<br />
I-SEP
WELLCOM APPLICATION: Cendor, Malaysia<br />
WELLCOM BOOSTING SYSTEM<br />
Wellcom oil system ; multiphase<br />
HP wells were used to bring in<br />
closed low pressure oil wells.<br />
Benefits<br />
• 20% pressure boost for LP<br />
wells.<br />
• Increased production by over<br />
35%( 150 b/d )<br />
• Improved flow regime in well<br />
bore, stabilising production.<br />
FTHP 360 psia<br />
3612 b/d<br />
I-SEP<br />
FROM LP WELL<br />
GAS<br />
LIQUID<br />
FTHP 69.6 PSIA<br />
I-SEP<br />
JET PUMP<br />
COMMINGLER<br />
450 b/d+0.138 MMSCFD<br />
TO PROCESS<br />
SYSTEM<br />
87 psia<br />
Dp FBHP; 17.4<br />
psi
Record <strong>of</strong> flowing bottomhole pressure before<br />
<strong>and</strong> after installing <strong>the</strong> jet pump system<br />
Flowing bottomhole pressure<br />
(FBHP)<br />
1200<br />
1150<br />
1100<br />
1050<br />
1000<br />
950<br />
900<br />
850<br />
800<br />
750<br />
700<br />
06:00:00<br />
06:57:00<br />
07:54:00<br />
08:51:00<br />
09:48:00<br />
10:45:00<br />
11:42:00<br />
12:39:00<br />
13:36:00<br />
14:33:00<br />
15:30:00<br />
16:27:00<br />
17:24:01<br />
18:21:02<br />
19:18:02<br />
20:15:02<br />
21:12:02<br />
22:09:02<br />
23:06:02<br />
Dp at wellhead=17.4 psi<br />
FBHP Dp =140<br />
psi<br />
<br />
00:21:00<br />
01:18:01<br />
02:15:01<br />
03:12:01<br />
04:09:01<br />
05:06:01<br />
06:03:01<br />
07:01:54<br />
07:59:32
Effectiveness <strong>of</strong> downhole jet pumps<br />
for well de-liquefication<br />
• TRADITIONALLY LIQUID HAS BEEN THE MOTIVE FLOW.<br />
EFFECTIVE MAINLY FOR MAINTAINING PRODUCTION FROM<br />
SHALLOW OIL WELLS WITH LOW GOR<br />
• EXPERIENCE IN LIFTING HEAVY OIL USING A DILUENT FLUID TO<br />
REDUCE VISCOSITY(VEGA FIELD-AGIP)<br />
• LIMITED EXPERIENCE IN USING GAS AS THE MOTIVE FLOW.<br />
• HP GAS IS NOT EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING THE BACK PRESSURE<br />
(FBHP) VIA THE JET PUMP IF LIQUIDS ARE PRODUCED<br />
• GAS CAN BE INJECTED AT BOTTOMHOLE AS LIFT GAS VIA A<br />
NUMBER OF SPECIALLY DESIGNED NOZZLES TO GENERATE A<br />
GOOD MIXTURE.
EFFECT OF LIQUIDS PRESENT IN LP GAS<br />
3 October, 2011 Presentation title 24<br />
Gas as <strong>the</strong> motive<br />
flow
Multiphase choking in Jet Pump :<br />
A critical not commonly known factor<br />
3 October, 2011 Presentation title 25
EFFECT OF GAS LIFT<br />
ON THE FBHP,<br />
AND CHANGES<br />
IN FLOW REGIME<br />
NO DOWNHOLE JET PUMP<br />
FWHP 750 psig<br />
<strong>Oil</strong> flow rate 2580 bbl/d<br />
Water flow rate 3420 bbl/d<br />
Gas flow rate 4.31 MMscfd<br />
Depth<br />
Lift Gas<br />
(ft) 0 MMscfd 2 MMscfd 4 MMscfd<br />
0 Dispersed BubbleDispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
700 Dispersed BubbleDispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
1425 Dispersed BubbleDispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
2125 Dispersed BubbleDispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
2850 Slug Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
3550 Slug Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
4275 Slug Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
4975 Slug Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
5700 Slug Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
6400 Slug Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble<br />
7125 Slug Slug Dispersed Bubble<br />
7825 Slug Slug Dispersed Bubble<br />
8546 Slug Slug Dispersed Bubble<br />
9246 Slug Slug Dispersed Bubble<br />
9971 Bubble flow Slug Dispersed Bubble<br />
10696 S.P. Turbulent Slug Dispersed Bubble<br />
BHP (psig) 4004 3604 3367
DOWNHOLE JET PUMP-GAS AS MOTIVE FLOW
ECONOMICS; USE OF SURFACE JET PUMPS<br />
• LOW CAPITAL COST<br />
• RECOVERY OF CAPITAL WITHIN A FEW WEEKS TO A FEW<br />
MONTHS<br />
• SHORT DELIVERY PERIOD ; 8 TO 14 WEEKS<br />
• PRACTICALLY NO OPERATION COST/PASSIVE OPERATION<br />
• PRACTICALLY NO MAINTENANCE COST<br />
• ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS MORE COMPLEX AND COSTLIER<br />
• RENTAL OPTION AVAILABLE TO MINIMISE CAPITAL COST<br />
• SHORT LIFE PERIOD IS ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE<br />
• COULD ENHANCE WHAT IS ACHIEVED BY OTHER DOWNHOLE<br />
DELIQUEFICATION SYSTEMS
CLOSING REMARKS<br />
• SIMPLICITY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS MAKES JET PUMP SOLUTIONS<br />
VERY ATTRACTIVE & ECONOMICAL IN MOST CASES<br />
• A GOOD TOOL FOR WELL DELIQUEFICATION BEFORE THE SITUATION<br />
WORSENS,NEEDING DOWNHOLE SYSTEMS<br />
• IN ADDITION TO ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ELIMINATING INTERMEDIATE<br />
COMPRESSORS, DEFERRING COMPRESSOR UPGRADING OR<br />
REDUCING LIQUID HOLD-UP IN PIPELINES ARE ADDITIONAL BENEFITS<br />
• THE SYSTEM CAN WORK WELL WITH GAS LIFT OR USE OF OTHER<br />
DOWNHOLE BOOSTING SYSTEMS<br />
• INSTALLING TIE-IN POINTS DURING SHUT DOWNS SIMPLIFIES<br />
INSTALLATION WHEN NEEDED<br />
• RENTAL OPTION JUSTIFIES VERY SHORT OPERATION LIFE
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