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GJIROKASTRA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2005 PAGE 38
Roma & Employment In Central and Eastern Europe, Roma unemployment is estimated to be between 50-90%. Falling victim to massive job cuts when the land they worked on, through collective farms of the socialist period, were returned to their original owners, Roma currently experience great difficulty in securing employment. National unemployment rates are telling. In 2002, Albanian unemployment was approximately 16%, whereas the unemployment rate for Roma hit 71%. This is partly due to discrimination in the formal labour market. According to self-assessments, 30% of Roma perceive that their ethnicity is the main stumbling block to employment. Moreover, evidence does suggest that some private sector businesses prefer Albanians to Roma, and in some cases, do not hire Roma. 37 The crux of this issue lies in determining when ethnic discrimination against Roma outweighs the competence and skill of Roma women and men. Commonly, Roma men and women turn to the informal labour market by engaging in casual work, musical performance, scrap collection, and panhandling. These jobs, however, supply only limited incomes and are characterized by high economic insecurity. Many approach this dilemma by focusing on Roma traditional skills (e.g., smiths, spindle-makers, horse-traders), even though several of these skills are unmarketable and largely obsolete in an industrializing society. Rather than concentrating on outdated handicrafts, the focus for the short-term might be placed on the flexibility and service-oriented nature of Roma occupations, suggesting that Roma could compete and excel in the ever-expanding service industry. As such, their advantage would stem not from the cultural distinctiveness of their skills, but from their inherent entrepreneurial nature. In the long-term, however, increases in rates of enrolment and continuation through higher levels of education will be the most important way in which to ensure improved Roma male and female employment prospects in more lucrative sectors. 38 The issue facing Roma women and men and their employment opportunities in the Gjirokastra Region 37 Hermine De Soto, Ilir Gedeshi, Sabine Beddies, & Daniel Perez, Roma and Evgjits in Albania: From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion or The Gold Coin Dilemma, Report I: Recommendations and Policy GJIROKASTRA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2005 are largely unknown. As such, it is necessary to undertake detailed analysis of this issue within the overall context of employment opportunities for all citizens of the Region. Tourism Development Strategy Tourism development in the Gjirokastra Region is one of the most effective ways of reaching the primary objective of this Development Strategy, namely reduction of poverty in the rural and urban areas. Tourism development is made possible through the abundant resources that this region offers that can support: Development of cultural tourism Development of green tourism Development of eco-tourism The Gjirokastra Region, which can be called one of the gateways to Europe, is connected with Greece, a member of European Community, through three customs points in Kakavija, Three Bridges and Sopik. This enables the entrance of tourists into all the Region’s tourist areas by using the developed road infrastructure of Greece. Part of the great Region’s tourist potential is the existence of 150 natural monuments, 4200 hectares of National Parks, 7060 hectares of scientific reservation, and 13500 hectares of protected scenic areas. A – Development of Cultural Tourism This type of tourism is the most widespread in the Region, especially in the city of Gjirokastra as the city is one of the few European cities which continue to preserve numerous medieval constructions with a rare architecture and an invaluable wealth of cultural and historical significance. The city itself is a giant amphitheater, built on five different mountainsides with a historic castle in its center from where this city has its origin. The newly constructed hotels have boosted tourism development; yet, the actual conditions of several old buildings in the city as well as the lack of investments Implications, World Bank, April 2004. 38 The Roma in Central and Eastern Europe: Avoiding the Dependency Trap – A Regional Human Development Report, UNDP, December 2002. PAGE 39
Page 1 and 2: GJIROKASTRA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ST
Page 5 and 6: List of Acronyms GJIROKASTRA REGION
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents GJIROKASTRA REGIO
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Gjirokastra Vision Sta
Page 13 and 14: Role of the Regional Council The Re
Page 15 and 16: Poverty Poverty in Albania, as expl
Page 19 and 20: unemployment and reductions in soci
Page 23 and 24: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Econom
Page 25 and 26: Living Space Poverty can also be vi
Page 29 and 30: largest proportion of families who
Page 33 and 34: holds (71,887) that receive partial
Page 37: GJIROKASTRA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ST
Page 41 and 42: ated with rural poverty can be tran
Page 45 and 46: egion. 46 Evidence also indicates t
Page 51 and 52: Regional Council data for the regio
Page 55 and 56: As between the districts, Gjirokast
Page 61 and 62: Health and Health Services The heal
Page 65 and 66: While the averages for the Gjirokas
Page 67 and 68: Since 1990, because of the lack of
Page 69 and 70: more vulnerable to the epidemic bio
Page 71 and 72: Agriculture Agriculture is the larg
Page 73 and 74: According to the map based on class
Page 79 and 80: Livestock breeding, such as cattle,
Page 81 and 82: Infrastructure While income poverty
Page 85 and 86: growing number of users. The broade
Page 87 and 88: Composition of the Region’s Fores
Page 89 and 90:
partridge hunting. Atmospheric Poll
Page 91 and 92:
Goal 1: Alleviate Poverty and Incom
Page 93 and 94:
This, in turn, has caused a regress
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GJIROKASTRA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ST
Page 97 and 98:
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issues are faced. The feasibility o
Page 103 and 104:
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health sector policies, is a major
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Goal 4: Ensure Environmental Sustai
Page 111 and 112:
Current and Forecasted Indicators:
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Goal 5: Improve Governance Aligned
Page 115 and 116:
citizen participation. 5.2. Establi
Page 117 and 118:
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Annex 2 - Indicator Description Ind
Page 121 and 122:
interaction, it is best combined wi
Page 123:
the monitoring and implementation o
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