KOSTEGIDS | COST GUIDE - VinPro

KOSTEGIDS | COST GUIDE
2011/12

Beproefde landbou meganisasie
Orchard Suppliers versprei en ondersteun reeds sedert
1922 trekkers, oesmasjiene, spuitpompe, snoeiers en
grondbewerking implemente van hoogstaande gehalte.
Ons naam is sinoniem met betroubare meganisasie
oplossings vir u die boer.

Samestelling / Composition
Gert van Wyk & Franco le Roux
VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Diens / VinPro Agro-economic Service
Tel: (023) 347 1566; Fax (023) 347 2194
vanwykg@vinpro.co.za / lerouxf@vinpro.co.za
’n Spesiale woord van dank aan ons borge wat die druk van hierdie
Kostegids, asook die gratis verspreiding daarvan aan al die VinPro-lede
en rolspelers in die wynbedryf moontlik maak.
A special word of thanks to our sponsors without whom this Cost Guide
could not have been published or distributed for free to all VinPro
members and role players in the wine industry.
1

Inhoud / Contents
..............................................................................................................5
Doel / Purpose...........................................................................................................................5
.........................................................................6
Inleiding en agtergrond / Introduction and background ........................................................6
Koste van wyndruifproduksie / Cost of wine grape production ............................................6
Kontantuitgawes / Cash expenditures ..............................................................................7
Voorsiening vir vervanging / Provision for replacement ....................................................8
Totale produksiekoste / Total production cost ..................................................................9
..................................................12
Arbeidsriglyne / Labour guidelines.........................................................................................12
Arbeidsnorme / Labour norms.............................................................................................12
Minimum loon / Minimum wage...........................................................................................12
....................................................................................15
Grondvoorbereiding / Soil preparation ................................................................................15
Koste van prieelstelsels / Cost of trellis systems.................................................................18
Besproeiing / Irrigation.........................................................................................................21
Ander vestigingsinligting / Other establishment information ...............................................23
...................................................................25
Metodiek / Methodology......................................................................................................25
Trekkers / Tractors ...............................................................................................................26
Parsmasjiene / Harvesters ...................................................................................................27
Spuitpompe / Spraypumps..................................................................................................28
Sleepwaens / Trailers...........................................................................................................29
Ander implemente / Other implements................................................................................29
Bakkies / Pick-ups...............................................................................................................30
Vragmotors / Trucks.............................................................................................................31
..........................Agterblad / Back cover
3

Die samestellers van die VinPro Kostegids
het deurgaans te goeder trou opgetree. Enige
besluit voortspruitend, of aksie gebaseer op
die inligting soos vervat in die gids, word op eie
risiko gedoen. Nie die samestellers of VinPro
kan verantwoordelik gehou word vir enige
voordeel van die gebruiker daarvan is.
4
The VinPro Cost Guide was compiled in good
faith. Any decision taken as a result of, or
actions based on information contained in the
guide is solely at the user’s own risk. Neither the
compilers nor VinPro are accountable for any

In die strewe na ’n volhoubare en deelnemende
wynprodusentegemeenskap bly die VinPro
Land bou-ekonomiese Diens verbind tot effektiewe
en waardetoegevoegde ekonomiese diens -
lewering aan VinPro se lede en ander rolspelers
in die bedryf.
Suid-Afrikaanse wyndruifprodusente gaan die
gebuk weens stygende insetkostes en dalende
winsmarges. Die VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese
wysers
wat deur die hele wynbedryf erken en
gebruik word as betroubare maatstaf. ’n Uitvloeisel
daarvan is die samestelling van hierdie
meer gedetailleerde Kostegids – wat jaarliks gedurende
Junie/Julie opgedateer en beskikbaar
gestel word – ter verdere ondersteuning van die
produsent.
VinPro Landbou-ekonomiese Dienste
Uitvoer van lewensvatbaarheidstudies, koste-
en winsgewendheidsanalises, asook ska -
debepalings.
heelplaas-
en bedryfstak-analises op plaasvlak.
Die skryf van ekonomiese en bedryfsverwante
artikels.
Ekonomiese en bedryfsverwante aanbiedings.
Versameling en verspreiding van verteenwoordigende
landbou-ekonomiese bedryfsinligting.
Die hoofdoel van hierdie Kostegids is om sekere
noodsaaklike ekonomiese aspekte in ’n
eenvoudige formaat te verpak wat as hulpmiddel
kan dien vir die opstel van begrotings deur
wyndruifprodusente. Weens dramatiese prys -
skommelinge is dit baie moeilik om sinvol en
akkuraat te begroot en kan hierdie gids as riglyn
daarvoor aangewend word.
In the strive towards a sustainable and participative
wine producer community, the VinPro
Agro-economic Service is committed to providing
effective and value-added economic services
to all members of VinPro, as well as other
role players in the industry.
South African wine producers have been un-
few years due to rising input costs, as well as
nancial
indicators that are accepted and used
throughout the industry as a trusted benchmark.
As an extension of its support to producers,
VinPro compiled this more detailed Cost
Guide, which is updated annually and available
in June/July.
VinPro Agro-economic Services
lyses, as well as damage assessments.
tion
Plan – a cost analysis system at farm
level.
Writing of economic and industry-related articles.
tions.
industry information.
Doel / Purpose
The main purpose of this Cost Guide is to pro-
indicators in a user-friendly format, which could
assist them in drawing up a budget. Due to dra-
get
that is both meaningful and accurate, and
this guide could provide useful guidelines.
5

6
Gedurende die tweede helfte van 2010 het
VinPro se Landbou-ekonomiese afdeling –
tesame met Winetech, Standard Bank, Eerste
Nasionale Bank, Nedbank, Land Bank, Absa en
die Nasionale Landboubemarkingsraad (NLBR)
– voortgebou op die voorafgaande ses jaar se
produsente
in al nege VinPro-distrikte. Die
hoofdoel van die ontledings is om beide die
produksiekoste en winsgewendheid van die
Deelname aan die 2010 Produksieplan-projek
het met 9% toegeneem, wat die totale vrywillige
deelname op 251 boerdery-eenhede te staan
bring. Altesaam 652 produsente en rolspelers in
die bedryf het die 46 studiegroep-byeenkomste
bygewoon, waartydens ekonomiese inligting
aan deelnemers verskaf is ter ondersteuning
van langtermyn volhoubare wyndruifproduksie.
Die steekproef bestaan tans uit 19 829 ha (20%
van totale Suid-Afrikaanse wingerdstand in
2009), wat 289 841 ton oplewer (23% van die
totale Suid-Afrikaanse oes in 2010). Hiervan
was 66% wit en 34% rooi wyndruiwe, en 51%
van die tonne is meganies gepars.
Die verslag is gebaseer op die 2010-oes
(Malmesbury-distrik word deurgaans apart
-
lueer. Die meeste van die boerdery-onderne-
van die plaasgrootte, kultivarsamestelling en
takke in die onderskeie streke. Syfers word bereken
deur die geweegde gemiddelde van al die
deelnemers te bepaal.
Totale produksiekoste – belasting, rente en
ondernemersloon uitgesluit – bestaan uit twee
komponente, naamlik kontantuitgawes en
voorsiening vir vervanging.
During the second half of 2010 VinPro’s Agroeconomic
division – in conjunction with Winetech,
Standard Bank, First National Bank, Nedbank,
Absa, Land Bank and the National Agricultural
Marketing Council (NAMC) – again per-
grape producers in the nine VinPro districts, as
in the previous six years. The primary objective
of these analyses is to calculate both the pro-
wine grape producer.
Participation in the 2010 Production Plan Project
increased by 9%; consequently the total
number of voluntary participants now stands
at 251 farming units. A total of 652 producers
and role players in the industry attended the 46
study group sessions, where the participants
received economic information in support of
long-term sustainable wine grape production.
The sample currently comprises 19 829 ha (20%
of total South African area planted to vines in
2009), producing 289 841 tons (23% of the total
South African crop in 2010). White grapes
constituted 66% and red grapes 34%, with mechanical
harvesting accounting for 51% of the
tonnage.
This report is based on the 2010 harvest
(Malmesbury district is consistently analysed
separately) and is not cultivar and/or block spe-
The majority of the farming enterprises that
were evaluated differ in terms of farm size, cul-
branches in the respective regions. Figures are
calculated by determining the weighted average
of all the participants.
Total production cost – excluding tax, interest
and entrepreneur remuneration – consists of
two components, namely cash expenditure and
provision for replacement.

Kontantuitgawes
Kontantuitgawes word gekategoriseer as direkte
koste, arbeid, meganisasie, vaste verbeteringe
en algemene uitgawes. Totale kontantuitgawes
toon ’n 8.5% styging vanaf 2009 na
R20 648/ha in die 2010-oesjaar. Die toename kan
toegeskryf word aan groot stygings t o v direkte
kostes – soos kunsmis en plaag-, siekte- en
onkruidbeheer, wat ’n 13.2% styging toon – en
algemene uitgawes soos elektrisiteit, waterkoste
en -belasting, bankkoste en ouditeursgelde wat
met 14.1% gestyg het sedert 2009. Arbeid, meganisasie
en vaste verbeteringe het onderskeidelik
met 7.2%, 3% en 6.2% toegeneem.
Die samestelling van kontantuitgawes het sedert
2004 grootliks onveranderd gebly, met arbeid
wat steeds die grootste komponent verteenwoordig
– 41% gedurende die 2010-oesjaar.
Meganisasie, direkte koste, algemene uitgawes
en vaste verbeteringe verteenwoordig onderskeidelik
20%, 19%, 16% en 4% van kontantuitgawes.
Alhoewel klein verskille van jaar tot jaar
voorkom, is die tendens tog dat alle komponente
relatief tot mekaar duurder geword het.
Rand / Ha
9 000
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
–
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Direkte koste /
Direct cost
2 459
2 426
2 391
2 482
2 855
3 463
3 920
Arbeid / Labour
6 317
6 590
6 878
6 949
6 956
7 905
8 477
Cash expenditures
Cash expenditures are categorised as direct
ments
and general expenditures. Total cash expenditures
increased by 8.5% from 2009 to R20
648/ha in the 2010 harvest year. The increase
may be ascribed to large increases in direct
costs – such as fertiliser and pest, disease and
weed control, which increased by 13.2% – and
general expenses such as electricity, water rates
and taxes, banking and auditing fees which increased
by 14.1% since 2009. Labour, mecha-
7.2%, 3% and 6.2% respectively.
The composition of cash expenditures has remained
largely unchanged since 2004, with
labour still representing the largest component
– 41% during the 2010 harvest year. Mechanisa-
improvements represent 20%, 19%, 16% and
4% respectively of cash expenditures. Although
small differences occur from year to year, it is a
noticeable trend that all components have become
more expensive relative to each other.
Meganisasie /
Mechanisation
2 667
2 852
3 003
3 219
3 533
4 022
4 142
Vaste verbeteringe /
Fixed improvements
635
738
715
682
627
698
741
Algemene uitgawes /
General expenditures
2 143
2 404
2 612
2 685
2 730
2 951
3 367
7

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
15%
19%
44%
17% 16% 15% 15% 17% 18% 19%
2004
Direkte koste / Direct cost
Meganisasie / Mechanisation
Algemene uitgawes / General expenditures
Voorsiening vir vervanging
Gedurende die produksieproses sal kapitaalitems
verouder en vervang moet word oor tyd.
Hierdie kapitaalitems se realistiese vervangingswaarde
word oor ’n sekere termyn afgeskryf om
die voorsiening vir vervanging te bereken. Wingerde
word oor ’n tydperk van 20 jaar afgeskryf;
trekkers, voertuie en implemente wissel tussen
5 en 15 jaar; en geboue verouder oor ’n tydperk
van 60 jaar. Voorsiening vir vervanging moet as
’n koste in berekening gebring word ten einde
te verseker dat die boerdery-onderneming ekonomies
volhoubaar is oor tyd. Totale voorsiening
vir vervanging het in die 2010-oesjaar R7 937/ha
beloop – ’n 5.3% styging sedert 2009.
Rand / Ha
9 000
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
–
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Wingerde / Vineyards
(20 jaar / years)
2 104
2 787
2 802
3 125
3 632
4 066
4 263
8
16% 17% 17% 16% 15% 16%
19% 19% 20% 21% 21% 20%
44% 44% 43% 42% 42% 41%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Losgoed / Loose assets
(5-15 jaar / years)
2 196
2 343
2 393
2 406
2 613
2 793
2 944
Arbeid / Labour
Vaste verbeteringe / Fixed improvements
Provision for replacement
During the production process, capital items
will become older and require replacement.
The realistic replacement value of such capital
is written off over a certain period in order to
calculate provision for replacement. Vineyards
are written off over a period of 20 years; tractors,
vehicles and implements range between
5 and 15 years; and buildings deteriorate over
a period of 60 years. Provision for replacement
should be taken into account as a cost in order
to ensure that the farming enterprise remains
economically sustainable over time. Total provision
for replacement amounted to R7 937/ha
in the 2010 harvest year – an increase of 5.3%
since 2009.
Geboue / Buildings
(60 jaar / years)
479
503
538
576
630
682
730
Totaal / Total
4 779
5 633
5 733
6 107
6 875
7 541
7 937

Totale produksiekoste
Die totale produksiekoste om een hektaar wyndruiwe
ekonomies volhoubaar te boer – kontantuitgawes
(R20 648/ha) plus voorsiening vir
vervanging (R7 937/ha) – het dus R28 585/ha
beloop gedurende die 2010-oesjaar. Dit is ’n totale
styging van 7.5% sedert 2009.
Rand / Ha
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
–
4 779
5 633
5 733
6 107
6 876
7 541
7 937
Voorsiening vir vervanging /
Provision for replacement
14 221
15 010
Total production cost
The total production cost required to farm one
hectare of wine grapes in an economically sustainable
manner – cash expenditure (R20 648/
ha) plus provision for replacement (R7 937/ha)
– therefore amounted to R28 585/ha during the
2010 harvest year. This represents a total increase
of 7.5% since 2009.
15 599
16 017
Kontantuitgawes /
Cash expenditures
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
16 702
19 039
20 648
19 000
20 643
21 332
22 124
23 578
26 580
28 585
Totale produksiekoste /
Total production cost
9

KOSTE AS RAND PER HEKTAAR / COST ITEMS AS RAND PER HECTARE
Malmesbury
(“Dryland”)
Gemiddeld
Average
Orange
Riv(i)er
Klein Karoo Robertson
Breedekloof
Worcester
Olifants
Riv(i)er
Paarl
Stellenbosch
DISTRIK / DISTRICT
Kostestruktuur / Cost Structure RAND PER HA
Saad / Seed 198 48 17 55 82 155 7 63 77 74
Kunsmis / Fertilizer 532 611 1 600 1 177 1 111 1 146 1 338 1 343 547
Organiese Bemesting / Organic Material 29 194 188 301 596 243 168 310 69
Plaag- & Siektebeheer / Pesticide Control 1 995 1 637 1 256 1 730 2 160 1 908 1 877 1 054 1 758 1 274
Onkruidbeheer / Herbicide Control 558 434 298 680 665 285 704 517 544 395
Herstel- & Bindmateriaal / Repair & Binding Material 410 205 212 365 377 554 175 180 70
Subtotaal / Subtotal 3 466
# Arbeid / Labour
Toesig & Bestuurshulp / Supervision 2 575 1 293 674 1 282 1 450 645 1 187 809 533
Permanente Arbeid / Permanent Labour 5 994 4 729 4 103 5 509 5 037 3 728 4 412 4 371 2 713
Seisoensarbeid & Kontrakteurs / Seasonal Labour & Contract Work 4 172 2 522 1 200 538 1 223 1 741 1 139 3 574 2 554
Subtotaal / Subtotal 8 544 5 978 6 114 6 738 8 753 8 477
Meganisasie / Mechanisation
Brandstof / Fuel 1 501 1 420 1 660 1 589 1 552 1 415 1 365 2 094 1 533 1 142
Herstel, Onderdele & Reparasies / Repair, Parts & Maintenance 2 274 1 402 2 296 2 158 2 061 1 471 2 200 1 552 1 983 1 334
Lisensies & Versekering / Licences & Insurance 414 288 515 465 439 454 365 650 419 243
Vervoer Gehuur / Transport Hired 123 390 282 162 134 235 57 374 705
Subtotaal / Subtotal 4 311 4 753 4 374 4 186 3 575 3 987
Herstel & Onderhoud / Repair & Maintenance 741 362 258 615 660 294 713 276 267
Versekering / Insurance 228 140 203 227 211 180 155 363 113
Subtotaal / Subtotal 968 871 474 868 638 741 379
Elektrisiteit / Electricity 1 008 1 152 1 583 1 371 1 661 1 181 1 646 1 022 1 339 440

Waterkoste / Water Costs 648 416 1 602 878 121 1 652 680 983 272
Grond-, Eiendoms- & Mun Belastings / Land-, Property- & Mun Taxes 272 164 201 115 147 216 144 109 177 89
* Administrasie / Administration 1 809 865 1 016 963 968 1 069 959 1 140 1 131 563
Subtotaal / Subtotal 3 736 4 118 3 367 1 365
13 397
8 132 7 009 9 148 7 798 7 761 7 663 8 117 8 252 7 937 5 603
Wingerde / Vineyards 4 179 4 259 4 091 4 349 4 293 4 337 4 353 4 381 3 493
Vaste Verbeteringe / Fixed Improvements 984 544 807 710 730 468 738 518 430
Losgoed of Produksiemiddele / Loose Assets or Production Means 2 970 2 206 4 250 2 739 2 738 2 858 3 026 3 353 1 681
100 91 50 89 87 26 82 20 79 150
84% 92% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 39%
3 Jaar & Jonger / 3 Years & Younger 9.44 10.59 9.44 13.65 10.14 10.69 14.04 10.05 5.39
Tussen 4 & 7 Jaar / Between 4 & 7 Years 16.61 19.83 18.05 23.24 24.61 20.23 23.98 17.86 31.69
Tussen 8 & 15 Jaar / Between 8 & 15 Years 45.96 48.10 40.81 33.25 37.67 44.46 36.00 48.65 41.87 49.29
Tussen 16 & 20 Jaar / Between 16 & 20 Years 10.69 9.04 15.97 12.79 14.54 15.49 15.61 10.86 6.61
Ouer as 20 Jaar / Older than 20 Years 17.30 12.44 15.73 17.07 13.03 9.13 10.38 12.57 13.88 7.02
6.44 9.47 16.44 14.89 13.33 31.46 14.73
3 956 771 1 154 1 447 661
1 139 1 587 1 941
# Ingesluit: Voorsorgfonds, WVF, medies, beskermende klere, klerasie, bonusse, rantsoene, ongevalle / vergoeding kommisaris, ens.
# Included: Provident fund, UIF, medical, protective clothes, clothing, bonus, ransom, workman’s compensation comission, etc.
* Ingesluit: Bankkoste, ouditeursgelde, lidmaatskappe, sekuriteit, rekenaaronderhoud, professionele dienste, kursusse / opleiding, posgeld, telefoon, skryfbehoeftes, besproeiingsmonitering en diverse uitgawes.
* Included: Banking costs, bookkeeping fees, membership fees, security, computer maintenance, professional fees, training / courses, postage, telephone, stationery, irrigation monitoring and sundries.
11

Dit is van uiterste belang dat produsente en
ander rolspelers in die wynbedryf weet wat
die teikeninkomste per hektaar moet wees
om te verseker dat redelike en aanvaarbare
ekonomiese opbrengste gerealiseer word. Om
die teikeninkomste te bepaal word die totale
produksiekoste, ’n aanvaarbare ondernemersloon
asook ’n realistiese opbrengs op die kapitaalbelegging
in berekening gebring. Die teikeninkomste
per hektaar moet na gelang van verskillende
produksies aangepas word om teiken-
syfers is slegs gemiddelde teikeninkomstes per
distrik t o v Produksieplan-deelnemers en die
ideaal is dat elke produsent sy eie individuele
teikeninkomste bepaal na gelang van sy plaasgrootte,
kostestruktuur, ens.
Arbeid is verreweg die grootste komponent
van die wyndruifprodusent se jaarlikse kostes;
daarom is die effektiewe bestuur van die arbeidsmag
op die plaas van kardinale belang. In
die volgende tabel is arbeidsnorme vir sekere
aksies saamgevat wat die wyndruifprodusent
sal help met die beplanning en bestuur van, en
begroting vir arbeid – beide permanent en seisoenaal
– deur die jaar.
Minimum lone sedert 1 Maart 2008 – rand per
uur en rand per maand – is saamgevat in die
It is important that producers and other role
players are informed of what their target income
per hectare should be to ensure reasonable and
acceptable economic yields. Total production
cost, an acceptable entrepreneur remuneration
and a realistic return on the capital investment
are all taken into account to determine the total
target income. The target income per hectare
should then be applied to varying levels of production
in order to determine target prices for
producers should determine their own target
income according to their own cost structure,
farm size, etc. The target income calculated in
this report represents the average for all the participants
of the Production Plan per district.
Arbeidsriglyne / Labour guidelines
Arbeidsnorme / Labour norms
Labour is by far the largest component of wine
grape producers’ annual expenditures; there-
on the farm is of utmost importance. The fol-
actions that will assist the wine grape producer
to plan, manage and budget for labour – both
permanent and seasonal – throughout the year.
Minimum wages since 1 March 2008 – rand per
hour and rand per month – are displayed in the
following charts.

Malmesbury
(“Dryland”)
Gemiddeld
Average
Orange
Riv(i)er
Klein Karoo Robertson
Breedekloof
Worcester
Olifants
Riv(i)er
Paarl
Stellenbosch
DISTRIK / DISTRICT
Plaasgrootte (ha)
Farm size (ha)
25 478 18 273 19 162 20 180 20 654 18 572 19 292 20 781 13 397
8 132 7 009 9 148 7 798 7 761 7 663 8 117 8 252 7 937 5 603
8 800 8 800 8 800 8 800 8 800 8 800 8 800 8 800 5 600
36 778 37 833 37 385
8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 4 629
Totale kontantuitgawes
Total cash expenditure
Voorsiening vir vervanging
Provision for replacement
*Rente op belegging
*Interest on investment
Ondernemersloon / Entrepreneur Remuneration
(R27,000 per maand / per month)
44 878 45 315 43 135 45 933 45 485
Target Income per ha
R / ton
4 12 628 10 546 11 303 11 220 11 329 10 784 11 077 11 483 11 371 7 307
6 8 418 7 030 7 535 7 480 7 553 7 189 7 385 7 656 7 581 4 871
5 051 4 218 4 521 4 488 4 532 4 314 4 431 4 593 4 549 2 923
15 3 367 2 812 3 014 2 992 3 021 2 876 2 954 3 062 1 949
2 526 2 109 2 261 2 244 2 266 2 157 2 215 2 297 1 461
2 020 1 687 1 808 1 795 1 813 1 725 1 772 1 837 1 819 1 169
1 684 1 406 1 507 1 496 1 511 1 438 1 477 1 531 1 516 974
13

14
Man hours per hectare
Bosstok / Bush vines 40 - 55
Opleiwingerd / Trellised vineyards 1100 - 1400
Skoonmaak van grond / Field clearing 23 - 30
Skoonmaak van grond (trekker) / Field clearing (tractor) 25 - 35
Verwyder ou stokke / Uproot old vines 23 - 30
Wegry van stokke / Remove vines from site 25 - 35
Jaar 1 / Year 1 900 - 1300
Jaar 2 / Year 2 1000 - 2400
Jaar 3 / Year 3 1000 - 1500
Pale plant / Plant posts 320 - 380
Draadspan / Strain wires 70 - 90
Besproeiing installeer / Install irrigation 170 - 200
Opleistelsel oprig (medium tot groot) / Erect trellis systems (medium to large) 1200 - 1700
Saai van dekgewas / Sow cover crop seed 3 - 5
Plant van stokke / Plant vines 160 - 185
24 - 30
Groenlootontwikkeling / Green shoot development 230 - 300
Winterloot op raamwerk / Winter cane on framework 110 - 125
Oesbeheer / Crop control 65 - 80
Voorsnoei vir oplei / Pre-prune for trellising 30 - 37
Skoonsnoei vir bosstok / Clear pruning for bush vines 86 - 160
Skoonsnoei vir oplei / Clear pruning for trellising 105 - 120
Stompsnoei vir bosstok / Blunt pruning for bush vines 45 - 55
Stompsnoei vir oplei / Blunt pruning for trellising 42 - 62
Gesamentlike snoei (skoon en stomp) / Collective pruning (blunt and clear) 90 - 145
Suier intensief / Intensive offset 45 - 80
Suier ekstensief / Extensive offset 24 - 45
Lote deursteek / Plant shoots 20 - 36
Top van lote / Top shoots 15 - 25
Blare uitbreek / Remove leaves 20 - 30
Oesbeheer / Crop control 65 - 80
Oes van bosstok (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of bush vines (man hours per ton) 7 - 9
Oes van oplei (man-ure per ton) / Harvest of trellis (man hours per ton) 7 - 11
Besproeiing in seisoen / Irrigation in season 20 - 35
Plaagbeheer (trekker) / Pest control (tractor) 60 - 75
Somerloofaksie / Summer foliage action 230 - 320
Skoffel / Hand clean 25 - 40

R 8.00
R 7.00
R 6.00
R 5.00
R 4.00
R 3.00
R 2.00
R 1.00
R -
R 1 600
R 1 400
R 1 200
R 1 000
R 800
R 600
R 400
R 200
R -
R 5.59
R 1 090
Die vestiging van wingerd is ’n langtermyn,
kapitaal-intensiewe besluit waarmee die produsent
vir meer as 20 jaar moet saamleef. Dit is
dus krities dat alle aspekte rondom so ’n besluit
deeglik besin moet word alvorens dit geneem of
uitgevoer word.
Dit is wenslik om die volgende prosedures te
volg ten einde ’n eenmalige, korrekte voorbereiding
vir die meerjarige wingerd daar te stel.
(In samewerking met Braham Oberholzer,
VinPro grondkundige).
Grondontledings
Chemiese regstellings, soos die uitstrooi van die
regte hoeveelheid kalk vir die regstel van die grond
se pH en fosforstatus, gaan gepaard met grondvoorbereiding.
In die meeste gevalle lei grond wat
bekalk is tot ’n pH van 6 tot ’n betekenisvolle verhoging
in wortelmassas van onderstokke.
nodig sodat beoordeel kan word watter bewerkingsmetode
nodig sal wees. Grondverskuiwers
en grondkundiges werk vandag baie nou saam,
in welke geval grondkundiges dikwels betrek
Rand per uur / hour
R 6.31
01/03/2008 01/03/2009 01/03/2010 01/03/2011
Rand per maand / month
R 1 232
R 6.74
R 1 317
R 1 376
01/03/2008 01/03/2009 01/03/2010 01/03/2011
R 7.04
The establishment of vineyard is a long-term,
capital-intensive decision, which will have an
effect on the producer for the next 20 years or
more. It is therefore critical that all aspects surrounding
the matter are thoroughly considered
before the decision is made or implemented.
The following procedures are recommended to
ensure once-off, correct soil preparation for the
perennial grapevine.
(In collaboration with Braham Oberholzer,
VinPro soil scientist).
Soil analyses
Chemical adjustments, such as the application
of the right amount of lime to adjust the soil’s pH
and phosphorus status, go hand in hand with
soil preparation. In most instances soil that had
increase in the root mass of rootstocks.
-
cultivation method. Nowadays there is excellent
collaboration between earthmovers and
soil scientists, the latter often being requested,
15

word om, met goedkeuring van die produsent,
dieper, is goeie aanwysers in besluitneming.
Implementkeuse
Wieltrekkers is lankal nie meer die oplossing vir
diep grondbewerking nie, omdat kontak met
die grondoppervlak te min is, genoegsame krag
op die grond ontbreek en die wielglip moontlik
grondkompaksie kan bevorder. Kruiptrekkers
is die enigste kragbron wat suksesvol gebruik
kan word. Kruiptrekkers verplaas meer krag na
die grond met minder kompaksie weens groter
kontak tussen die rusperbande en die grondoppervlak.
Tipe vermenging
Tans is die gebruik van slootgrawers, bekend
as spitdol, beslis ’n opsie om te oorweeg. Dit is
baie belangrik dat groot masjiene gebruik word
en dat die tegniek korrek toegepas word. Indien
lae weens onder andere drastiese tekstuurverskille
(dupleksgronde) voorkom, moet versigtig
omgegaan word met ’n slootgrawer wat lae vermeng,
en sal ’n skuifmengdol wat lae in posisie
hou, beter gepas wees.
’n Skeurploeg en skuifmengdol se aanvoorwydtes
– die wydte tussen die implement se
skare – moet ook voor die tyd bepaal word,
hoofsaaklik weens koste-implikasies en die
no digheid daarvan. Indien groot lense onversteurde
grond tussen die aanvoorwydtes vermy
wil word, sal hierdie keuse oordeelkundig
gemaak moet word. Die lense kan gewoonlik
met ’n kruisaksie verklein word. Indien daar tot
dieptes van 900 mm bewerk word, moet die
aanvoor wees – dus 600 mm.
Tydperk van grondvoorbereiding
Die tydperk van grondvoorbereiding is baie be-
op die oppervlakte, breek wat ’n ongewenste
situasie skep wanneer ingewerk word met dolaksies.
Die grondklimaat is byvoorbeeld geskik
vir bewerking wanneer ’n balletjie grond gerol
kan word en met geringe druk uitmekaar kan
val. Klimaat en kalkbehoefte sal dan bepaal of
die grond gekruisdol moet word of anders net
’n enkele aksie benodig. Die vorming van groot
kluite kan beperk word deur benatting van die
grond vir vier ure met sprinkelbesproeiing in
16
of 1 500 mm and deeper are very good indicators
in decision making.
Implement selection
Tractors are no longer suitable for deep soil
preparation, as their soil surface contact is insuf-
the soil and if used, slipping wheels could add to
soil compaction. Bulldozers are the only source
of power that can be used successfully, as they
displace more power to the soil with less compaction
due to the larger contact area of the caterpillar
tyres on the soil’s surface.
Type of mix
The use of digger loaders, known as “spit” delve,
is currently a favourable option to consider. It is
very important to use large machines and that
the technique is performed correctly. If layers
occur due to, inter alia, drastic differences in
texture (duplex soils), a digger loader should be
used with caution, as it mixes layers. In this case
keeps layers intact.
The furrow width (width between the ploughshares)
of a ripper needs to be determined well
in advance, mainly due to cost implications and
the necessity thereof. If you want to avoid large
lenses of undisturbed soil between the furrow
widths, this would have to be a well considered
decision. Lenses can usually be reduced with
cross action. If vines are planted up to a depth
of 900 mm, the furrow should be – in other
words 600 mm.
Period of soil preparation
The period of soil preparation is of utmost importance.
In excessively dry soils, large clods
will break, especially on the surface, which creates
an undesirable situation when the soil is
trenched. The soil climate is, for example, most
optimal for cultivation when a ball of soil can be
rolled and falls apart with the slightest pressure.
Climate and lime requirements will determine
whether the soil should be cross-delved or alternatively
require a single action. The formation
of large clods can be limited if the soil is wetted
for four hours with sprinkler irrigation at ± 25

die orde van ± 25 mm water en ’n toelating van
48 - 72 uur daarna vir uitdroging.
Opsomming
Die volgende moet altyd in gedagte gehou
word:
vernietiging en die grond, wanneer droog,
sal tot poeierstof bewerk wees.
menging
met groot onaangeraakte grondbanke/lense.
word met die oog op ondergrondse dreinering.
klimaat smeer die ondergrond.
Gereelde evaluering van grondvoorbereiding is
te maak (hou slootgrawer byderhand), sodat
vordering en kwaliteit deur kundiges beoordeel
kan word.
Koste van grondvoorbereiding
In die volgende tabel word die kostes van sekere
grondvoorbereidingsaksies opgesom. Let
wel dat hierdie slegs riglyne is en sal wissel
volgens verskillende grondtipes en aksies wat
Diep dolploeg (sonder rip): Meng & skuif
Deep delve plough (without rip): Mix & shift
Rip (maklike grond)
Rip (easy soil)
Rip (moeilike grond en terrein)
Rip en kruismeng (rip)
Rip and cross mix (rip)
Rip en kruisdol
Rip and cross delve
Spitdol vol oppervlakte (slootgrawer)
Spit delve full area (diggerloader)
Spitdol net op rye en op-erd (slootgrawer)
Spit delve only on rows and ridging (diggerloader)
Op-erd (slootgrawer)
Ridging (diggerloader)
Ontbossing (slootgrawer)
Deforestation (diggerloader)
Wingerd uitrip met vlerk
Remove vines with wing
Dieselverbruik vir stootskraper
Diesel usage for bulldozer
Dieselverbruik vir slootgrawer
Diesel usage for diggerloader
mm water, followed by a drying period of 48 - 72
hours.
Summary
The following should be kept in mind at all times:
the structure and the soil, when dry, will have
been tilled to a powdery matter.
poor mixing with large untouched soil banks/
lenses.
The cultivation row should be selected correctly
with a view to subsoil drainage.
The soil climate should be correct – a too dry
climate will form large clods and a too wet
climate will smear the subsoil.
Regular evaluation of soil preparation is es-
(keep trencher handy), so that progress and
quality may be judged by the experts.
Cost of soil preparation
The costs of certain soil preparation actions are
summarised in the accompanying table. Please
note that these are only general guidelines and
will differ according to soil types and actions that
9,500 - 13,500
6,000 - 10,000
10,000 - 14,000
14,500 - 19,000
14,500 - 19,000
14,000 - 17,000
7,000 - 9,000
4,000 - 6,000
4,000 - 6,000
2,500 - 4,500
± 45% of dry cost
± 35% of dry cost
17

Die koste van prieelstelsels word bereken
deur die nuutste pryse (BTW uitgesluit) vanaf
verskeie verskaffers van pale, draad en ander
materiaal te verkry. Die gemiddelde pryse word
in ’n teoretiese model ingevoeg om die koste
van verskillende prieelstelsels met verskillende
bly dus teoretiese bedrae en kan van werklike
kostes verskil.
Vir vertikale prieelselsels is die pale in 6m-vakke
geplant en vir die alternatiewe stelsels is die
vakke 7.5m. Kontak VinPro gerus om u unieke
prieelstelselkoste te bepaal met verskillende
vaklengtes, paallengtes en -diktes.
Stelsel
System
18
Paal
Pole
The cost of trellis systems is calculated by obtaining
the latest prices (VAT excluded) for the
poles, wire and other materials from a number
of suppliers. These prices are entered into a
theoretical model to calculate the cost of various
trellis systems with different pole lengths,
spacing, etc. These are therefore theoretical
costs and may differ from actual costs.
For vertical trellis systems a pole spacing of 6 m
is used and 7.5m for alternative trellis systems.
Feel free to contact VinPro to calculate your
unique trellis system cost with different pole
types and spacing.
3 3.3
Skuinskap 1.5 m kappaal
Slanting trellis 1.5 m slanting pole
2.4 m (50 - 75) – – 36 858 32 900 29 919
Skuinskap 1.8 m kappaal
Slanting trellis 1.8 m slanting pole
2.4 m (50 - 75) – – 37 485 34 370 31 256
Gewelstelsel
Gable system
2.1 m (75 - 100) – – 54 604 50 209 45 612
Fabrieksdak
Factory roof
2.1 m (75 - 100) – – 44 749 40 275 37 479
U-stelsel
U-system
2.1 m (75 - 100) – – – 56 067 49 593
Draadgewel
Wire gable
2.1 m (50 - 75) – – 42 464 – –
Lierstelsel
Lyre system
2.4 m (100 - 125) – – – 66 449 –
Scott Henry 2.7 m (75 - 100) 44 805 38 165 34 349 31 496 28 643
Grobbelaar 2.1 m (75 - 100) – 48 964 45 313 41 662 39 885

1.8 3 3.3
Paal
Pole
Stelsel
System
Eendraad heining
1.2 m (50 -75) 15 659 14 207 12 255 11 147 10 871 9 794 9 519 9 244 8 981 8 167
One-strand hedge
Tweedraad heining
1.2 m (50 -75) 16 584 15 082 12 970 12 372 12 066 10 870 10 565 10 259 9 966 9 063
Two-strand hedge
Driedraad heining
2.1 m (75 - 100) 43 549 39 605 34 055 32 484 31 681 28 541 27 737 26 933 26 167 23 793
Three-strand hedge
Vierdraad heining
2.1 m (75 - 100) 45 192 41 099 35 339 33 709 32 876 29 616 28 783 27 949 27 153 24 689
Four-strand hedge
Vyfdraad heining
2.4 m (100 - 125) 61 065 55 539 47 759 45 559 44 432 40 032 38 905 37 779 36 705 33 379
Five-strand hedge
Perold 1.8 m (100 - 125) 45 218 41 123 35 359 33 728 32 894 29 633 28 799 27 964 27 169 24 704
Dubbel Perold
1.8 m (100 - 125) 47 619 43 306 37 236 35 519 34 641 31 205 30 327 29 449 28 610 26 014
Double Perold
Skuifbare Perold
2.1 m (100 - 125) 53 380 48 545 41 739 39 814 38 828 34 979 33 993 33 008 32 069 29 158
Movable Perold
Vierdraad verlengde Perold
2.1 m (125 - 150) 68 303 62 117 53 403 50 942 49 678 44 755 43 492 42 228 41 031 37 306
Four-strand extended Perold
Vyfdraad verlengde Perold
2.1 m (125 - 150) 67 834 61 693 53 043 50 599 49 345 44 458 43 204 41 949 40 760 37 062
Five-strand extended Perold
Vyfdraad skuifbare verlengde Perold
2.1 m (100 - 125) 54 292 49 377 42 458 40 501 39 500 35 586 34 584 33 583 32 627 29 669
Sesdraad verlengde Perold
2.4 m (100 - 125) 60 208 54 757 47 082 44 913 43 801 39 461 38 350 37 238 36 180 32 899
Six-strand extended Perold
Vyfdraad verlengde dubbel Perold
2.1 m (100 - 125) 55 051 50 066 43 051 41 067 40 052 36 082 35 067 34 052 33 083 30 083
Five-strand extended double Perold
Sesdraad dubbel verlengde Perold
2.4 m (100 - 125) 62 680 57 004 49 015 46 755 45 599 41 079 39 923 38 766 37 663 34 247
Six-strand double extended Perold
Vyfdraad dubbel verlengde Perold
2.4 m (100 - 125) 61 037 55 511 47 731 45 531 44 404 40 004 38 877 37 751 36 677 33 351
Five-strand double extended Perold
Sesdraad verlengde dubbel Perold
2.4 m (100 - 125) 63 439 57 694 49 608 47 321 46 151 41 576 40 406 39 235 38 118 34 661
Six-strand extended double Perold
2.7 m (100 - 125) 72 651 66 070 56 809 54 189 52 849 47 609 46 268 44 928 43 649 39 688
2.7 m (100 - 125) 71 892 65 381 56 216 53 624 52 297 47 112 45 786 44 459 43 193 39 274
Sewedraad verlengde dubbel Perold
Seven-strand extended double Perold
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde Perold
Seven-strand double extended Perold
Smart Dyson 2.4 m (100 - 125) – – – 46 755 45 599 41 079 39 923 38 766 37 663 34 247
2.4 m (50 - 75) – – – 24 414 23 811 21 452 20 848 20 245 19 669 17 886
Meganiese stelsel (high wire)
Mechanical trellis (high wire)
19

Daar mag soms verwarring voorkom tussen die
benamings en konstruksies van verskillende
vertikale prieelstelsels. Ten einde enige verwarring
uit te skakel word ’n skematiese voorstelling
van die stelsels voorsien met die voor gestelde
benamings en afkortings tussen hakies
(Archer et al, 1992).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Eendraad heining (1H)
One-strand hedge (1H)
Eendraad heining (1H)
One-strand hedge (1H)
Tweedraad heining (2H)
Two-strand hedge (2H)
Tweedraad heining (2H)
Two-strand hedge (2H)
Driedraad heining (3H)
Three-strand hedge (3H)
Driedraad heining (3H)
Three-strand hedge (3H)
Driedraad heining (3H)
Three-strand hedge (3H)
Vierdraad heining (4H)
Four-strand hedge (4H)
Vierdraad heining (4H)
Four-strand hedge (4H)
Vierdraad heining (4H)
Four-strand hedge (4H)
Vierdraad heining (4H)
Four-strand hedge (4H)
Vyfdraad heining (5H)
Five-strand hedge (5H)
Vyfdraad heining (5H)
Five-strand hedge (5H)
14 Perold (P) 33
15 Perold (P) 34
16 Perold (P) 35
17 Perold (P) 36
18 Perold (P) 37
19
Skuifbare Perold (SP)
Movable Perold (MP)
There may be some confusion regarding the
names and constructions of different vertical
trellis systems. To eliminate any confusion,
a schematic representation of the systems is
provided, with their names and abbreviations in
brackets (Archer et al, 1992).
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
38
Vierdraad verlengde Perold (4VP)
Four-strand lengthened Perold (4LP)
Vierdraad verlengde Perold (4VP)
Four-strand lengthened Perold (4LP)
Omgekeerde verlengde Perold (OVP)
Inverted lengthened Perold (ILP)
Vyfdraad verlengde Perold (5VP)
Five-strand lengthened Perold (5LP)
Skuifbare vyfdraad verlengde Perold (S5VP)
Skuifbare vyfdraad verlengde Perold (S5VP)
Sesdraad verlengde Perold (6VP)
Six-strand lengthened Perold (6LP)
Vyfdraad dubbel verlengde Perold (5DVP)
Five-strand double lengthened Perold (5DLP)
Sesdraad dubbel verlengde Perold (6DVP)
Six-strand double lengthened Perold (6DLP)
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde Perold (7DVP)
Seven-strand double lengthened Perold (7DLP)
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde Perold (7DVP)
Seven-strand double lengthened Perold (7DLP)
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde Perold (7DVP)
Seven-strand double lengthened Perold (7DLP)
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde Perold (7DVP)
Seven-strand double lengthened Perold (7DLP)
Sewedraad dubbel verlengde Perold (7DVP)
Seven-strand double lengthened Perold (7DLP)
Dubbel Perold (DP)
Double Perold (DP)
Vyfdraad verlengde dubbel Perold (5VDP)
Five-strand lengthened double Perold (5LDP)
Sesdraad verlengde dubbel Perold (6VDP)
Six-strand lengthened double Perold (6LDP)
Sewedraad verlengde dubbel Perold (7VDP)
Seven-strand lengthened double Perold (7LDP)
Dubbel verlengde dubbel Perold (DVDP)
Double lengthened double Perold (DLDP)

Bron / Source: Archer E, Steenkamp J & Booysen J H, 1992.
Loofdraad / Foliage wire
Benaming van vertikale prieelstelsels (met afkortings) /Names of vertical trellising systems (with
abbreviations). Wynboer. September 1992.
Ongeveer 54% van die totale wyndruif wingerdstand
van Suid-Afrika word tans deur middel
van drupbesproeiing besproei. Ander vorme
afgeneem sedert 1996.
Die koste van verskillende besproeiingstelsels
word saamgevat in die meegaande tabel. Hierdie
algemene riglyne sluit slegs die bogrondse
materiaal en sublyne (wat sal wissel tussen verskillende
blokuitlegte) in die blok in.
%
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Kordondraad / Cordon wire
Approximately 54% of the total area under wine
grape vineyards currently receives drip irrigation.
Other forms of irrigation (dryland included)
have decreased drastically since 1996.
The cost of various irrigation systems are seen
in the accompanying table. These general
guidelines only include the material installed
above the soil, as well as sub-pipelines (which
will differ between various block layouts) in the
block.
Ander / Other Drup / Drip Geen / None Mikro / Micro Sprinkel / Sprinkler Vloed / Flood
1996 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

25 183 23 810 22 894 21 520 20 605 19 689 18 773 18 315 17 399 16 484 15 110 13 736
15 895 15 028 14 450 13 583 13 005 12 427 11 849 11 560 10 982 10 404 9 537 8 670
22 628 21 394 20 571 19 337 18 514 17 691 16 868 16 457 15 634 14 811 13 577 12 343
14 784 13 977 13 440 12 633 12 096 11 558 11 021 10 752 10 214 9 677 8 870 8 064
20 074 18 979 18 249 17 154 16 424 15 694 14 964 14 599 13 869 13 139 12 044 10 949
14 228 13 452 12 935 12 159 11 641 11 124 10 607 10 348 9 831 9 313 8 537 7 761
Stelsel
System
Drup 0.6 m (gekompenseerd)
Drip 0.6 m (compensated)
Drup 0.6 m (nie-gekompenseerd)
Drip 0.6 m (non-compensated)
Drup 0.75 m (gekompenseerd)
Drip 0.75 m (compensated)
Drup 0.75 m (nie-gekompenseerd)
Drip 0.75 m (non-compensated)
Drup 1.0 m (gekompenseerd)
Drip 1.0 m (compensated)
Drup 1.0 m (nie-gekompenseerd)
Drip 1.0 m (non-compensated)
Mikro (straalspuit) - direk op poli-pyp
Micro (jet spray) - directly on poly-pipe
Mikro (roteerder) - op pen met sagte pypie
Micro (rotated) - on pin with soft pipe
26 529 25 082 24 117 22 670 21 705 20 741 19 776 19 294 18 329 17 364 15 917 14 470
30 511 28 847 27 737 26 073 24 963 23 854 22 744 22 190 21 080 19 971 18 307 16 642
16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000 16 000
Permanente sprinkel (12 m x 12.5 m)
Permanent sprinklers (12 m x 12.5 m)

Hierdie addisionele inligting behoort u begrotingstaak
en besluitneming vir die vestiging van
wingerd te vergemaklik.
1 Meter = 3.28 Voet / Feet
This additional information will assist you in
budgeting and decision-making when considering
the establishment of new vineyards.
1 Meter = 1.0936 Yards / Jaart
1 Kilometer = 0.6214 Myl / Miles
1 Kilogram / Kilogramme = 2.2046 Pond / Pounds
1 Hektaar / Hectare = 2.47 Akker / Acres
°C = (°F - 32) X 5/9
°F = (°C X 9/5) + 32
1 Liter = 0.22 UK Gellings / Gallons
= 0.2642 US Gellings / Gallons
1 Km/h = 0.27778 m/s
1 m/s = 3.599 Km/h
1 Perdekrag / Horsepower = 0.7457 Kilowatts

AANTAL STOKKE PER HEKTAAR / VINES PER HECTARE
5 500 5 200 5 000 4 700 4 100 4 000 3 600 3 500 3 300 3 000
4 583 4 333 4 167 3 917 3 417 3 333 3 000 2 917 2 750 2 500
3 667 3 467 3 333 3 133 2 733 2 667 2 400 2 333 2 200 2 000
3 056 2 889 2 778 2 611 2 278 2 222 2 000 1 944 1 833 1 667
2 750 2 600 2 500 2 350 2 050 2 000 1 800 1 750 1 650 1 500
RYSPASIËRING / ROW SPACING (M)
1.80 55
1.90 52
2.00 50
2.10 47
2.40 41
2.50 40
2.75 36
2.80 35
3.00 33
3.30 30
Price per vine
STOKKIEPRYSE (SLEGS RIGLYNE) / VINE PRICES (ONLY GUIDELINES)
Standaard Wit en Rooi op P1103, R110 / Standard White and Red on P1103, R110 8.70
Standaard Wit en Rooi op R99, 101-14, SO4, Rug140 / Standard White and Red on R99, 101-14, S04, Rug140 9.00
Colombar, Chardonnay, Semillon, SA Riesling, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Muskadel op Ramsey, 101/14 /
10.25
Colombar, Chardonnay, Semillon, SA Riesling, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Muskadel on Ramsey, 101/14
Standaard Wit en Rooi op Ramsey, 143B / Standard White and Red on Ramsey, 143B 10.20
Standaard Wit en Rooi op US8-7 / Standard White and Red on US8-7 10.50
Sultana op Ramsey / Sultana on Ramsey 14.50
Makstok / Rooted scion 5.50

Hierdie kosteriglyne help produsente om die
loopkoste van sekere wingerdmasjinerie te
bepaal. Dit kan ook gebruik word om te bepaal
of sekere implemente vervang moet word of nie.
Die besit en gebruik van enige implement gaan
gepaard met ’n koste. Hierdie koste bestaan
uit twee komponente, naamlik veranderlike
kos te en vaste koste. Die vaste koste bly onveranderd,
of die masjien gebruik word al dan
nie. Vaste koste sluit rente (geleentheidskoste),
ring in.
Die veranderlike koste word bepaal deur die
aantal ure wat die masjien/implement gebruik
word deur die jaar. Dit sluit brandstof, herstelwerk,
onderhoud en bande in.
Dit is onmoontlik om die loopkoste 100% akkuraat
te bepaal, maar die volgende metodiek
word redelik algemeen gebruik. Dit sluit sekere
aannames in wat in samewerking met handelaars
aangepas is en die loopkoste meer toepaslik
maak tot die wynbedryf.
Waardevermindering:
Depreciation:
Versekering & Lisensie:
Licence & Insurance:
Rentekoste:
Interest Cost:
Herstel & Onderhoud:
Repair & Maintenance:
Brandstof:
Fuel:
Operateurs word nie in berekening gebring nie
en produsente moet self daardie komponent
bybring. Alle kostes is uitgedruk in rand per uur
(uitgesluit bakkies en vragmotors). Indien die
koste per hektaar benodig word, kan die volgende
formule gebruik word:
These guidelines assist producers in determining
the running cost of machinery working in the vineyards.
It can also be used to determine whether a
The ownership and use of any implement or
machine involves a cost to the producer. This
ownership of the machine, whether it is used or
not. This includes depreciation, licencing and
insurance, as well as an interest component
(opportunity cost).
The variable cost is mainly determined by the
total number of hours the implement is used
throughout the year. This includes fuel, repair,
maintenance and tyres.
It is not possible to calculate the running cost
of implements 100% accurately; however the
following methodology is commonly used. It
includes certain assumptions which have been
be more suited to the wine industry.
(Aankoopwaarde - Skrootwaarde) ÷ Leeftyd
(Purchase value - Salvage Value) ÷ Lifetime
1 % van Gemiddelde Belegging ÷ Ure per jaar
1 % of Average Investment ÷ Hours per annum
8 % van Gemiddelde Belegging
8 % of Average Investment
Bereken met dieselprys van R8.35/liter
Calculated with diesel price of R8.35/litre
Operators are not included in the running cost
– it is up to producers to include this cost. All
costs are in rand per hour (except trucks and
pick-ups). If the cost per hectare is required, the
following equation can be used:
rand per hectare =
(cost in rand per hour) ÷
(hectares per hour cultivated)

4 X 2 TREKKER / TRACTOR
Totale loopkoste
Total running cost
Totale veranderlike koste
Total variable cost
Brandstof / Fuel
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
Totale
vaste koste
Total
Rente
Interest
Versekering
& lisensie
Waardevermindering
Vol Krag
High
Power
Med
Krag
Med
Power
Lae
Krag
Low
Power
Vol Krag
High
Power
Med
Krag
Med
Power
Lae Krag
Low
Power
Vol Krag
High
Power
Med
Krag
Med
Power
Lae Krag
Low
Power
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
kW
kW
pK
hP
Licence &
insurance
Depreciation
Rand R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h
43 32 182 400 14 1 8 12 37 42 48 50 54 60 77 83
52 39 222 300 17 1 10 15 46 51 59 60 66 73 88 94
55 41 229 600 17 1 10 15 48 54 62 63 69 77 98
60 45 230 076 17 1 10 15 53 59 68 68 75 83 97
63 47 240 301 18 1 11 16 55 62 71 71 78 87 117
68 51 258 859 19 1 11 17 60 67 77 77 84 94 117
71 53 269 010 20 1 12 33.49 18 62 70 80 80 88 98 113 131
75 56 289 673 22 2 13 19 65 74 84 85 93 103
82 61 315 537 24 2 14 21 71 80 92 92 101 113 141
84 63 323 132 24 2 14 22 74 83 95 95 104 116 135 145 156
92 69 353 906 27 2 16 24 81 91 104 104 114 127 148 158 171
95 71 364 164 27 2 16 45.34 24 83 93 107 107 118 131 153 163 176

4 X 4 TREKKER / TRACTOR
Brandstof / Fuel Totale veranderlike koste Totale loopkoste
Vol Krag
High
Power
Med
Krag
Med
Lae Krag
Low
Power
Vol Krag
High
Power
Med
Krag
Med
Lae Krag
Low
Power
Vol Krag
High
Power
Med
Krag
Med
Lae Krag
Low
Power
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
Totale
vaste koste
Total
Rente
Interest
Versekering
& lisensie
Licence &
insurance
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Aankoopprys
Purchase
value
kW
kW
pK
hP
Power
Power
Power
Rand R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h
43 32 195 923 15 1 9 13 37 42 48 50 55 61 75 86
52 39 238 781 18 1 11 16 46 51 59 62 67 75 91 97
55 41 253 846 19 1 11 17 48 54 62 65 71 79 96
60 45 256 097 19 1 11 17 53 59 68 70 76 85 117
63 47 267 479 20 1 12 33 18 55 62 71 73 80 88 113
68 51 293 971 22 2 13 37 20 60 67 77 79 87 96 116 133
71 53 305 499 23 2 13 38 20 62 70 80 82 90 100 138
75 56 324 963 24 2 14 22 65 74 84 87 95 106 136 146
82 61 353 977 27 2 16 44 24 71 80 92 95 104 115 139 148 159
84 63 392 476 29 2 17 49 26 74 83 95 100 109 121 149 158
92 69 429 855 32 2 19 54 29 81 91 104 109 119 132 163 173 186
95 71 442 314 33 2 19 55 29 83 93 107 112 123 136 168 178 191
SELFAANGEDREWE PARSMASJIEN / SELF-PROPPELED HARVESTER
Aankoopprys / Purchase price: R 2,000,000
Totale
koste
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Brandstof
Fuel
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
Totale vaste
koste
Rente
Interest
Versekering
& lisensie
Waardevermindering
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Total
cost
cost
Licence &
insurance
Depreciation
Annual
usage
Tonne
gepars
Tons
harvested
Ton h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h
1 000 100 360 110 880 1 350 140 134 274 1 624
1 250 125 360 88 704 1 152 140 134 274 1 426
1 500 150 360 73 587 1 020 140 134 274 1 294
1 750 175 360 63 503 926 140 134 274 1 199
2 000 200 360 55 440 855 140 134 274 1 129
2 250 225 360 49 391 800 140 134 274 1 074
2 500 250 360 44 352 756 140 134 274 1 030
2 750 275 360 40 320 720 140 134 274 994
3 500 350 360 31 251 643 140 134 274 916
4 000 400 360 28 220 608 140 134 274 881

SLEEP PARSMASJIEN / TRAILED HARVESTER
Purchase value: R 1,000,000
Totale
koste
Totale vaste
koste
Rente
Interest
Versekering
& lisensie
Waardevermindering
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Total
cost
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
cost
Licence &
insurance
Depreciation
Annual
usage
Tonne
gepars
Tons
harvested
Ton h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h
500 56 180 99 792 1 071 70 70 1 141
750 83 180 66 528 774 70 70 844
1 000 111 180 50 396 626 70 70 696
1 250 139 180 40 317 536 70 70 606
1 500 167 180 33 264 477 70 70 547
1 750 194 180 28 226 435 70 70 505
2 000 222 180 25 198 403 70 70 473
2 200 244 180 23 180 383 70 70 453
2 400 267 180 21 165 366 70 70 436
3 000 333 180 17 132 329 70 70 399
SPUITPOMPE / SPRAYPUMPS
Totale
koste
Totale koste
sonder rente
Totale vaste
koste
Rente
Interest
Waardevermindering
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Aankoopprys
Model
Model
Total
cost
Total cost
excl. interest
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
cost
Depreciation
Annual
usage
Purchase
value
R h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h
Bankiespuit / Berm sprayer 20 000 280 12 3 15 5 17 20
Onkruidspuit / Weed sprayer 25 000 280 15 4 19 6 21 25
Blower 90 000 280 54 14 68 21 75 89
Nozzle 1 ry / row 100 000 280 60 16 76 23 83 99
Nozzle 2 ry / row 165 000 280 99 26 125 39 138 163
Nozzle 3 ry / row 185 000 280 111 29 140 43 154 183

SLEEPWAENS / TRAILERS
Totale
koste
Totale vaste
koste
Waardevermindering
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Aankoopprys
Model
Model
Total
cost
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Bande
Tyres
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
cost
Versekering &
lisensie
Licence &
insurance
Rente
Interest
Depreciation
Annual
usage
Purchase
value
R Hr R / Hr R / Hr R / Hr R / Hr R / Hr R / Hr R / Hr
2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 2 ton 35 000 500 3.15 3.08 2.57 8.80 1.40 0.35 1.75 11
2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 4 ton 38 500 500 3.47 3.39 2.64 9.50 1.54 0.57 2.11 12
2 - wiel / 2 - wheel 6 ton 41 650 500 3.75 3.67 2.71 10.12 1.67 0.57 2.23 12
4 - wiel / 4 wheel 6 ton 60 000 500 5.40 5.28 3.07 13.75 2.40 1.14 3.54 17
4 - wiel / 4 wheel 8 ton 62 000 500 5.58 5.46 3.11 14.15 2.48 1.14 3.62 18
4 - wiel / 4 wheel 10 ton 80 000 500 7.20 7.04 3.47 17.71 3.20 2.70 5.90 24
Lugremme / Air brakes 10 ton 105 000 500 9.45 9.24 3.97 22.66 4.20 3.66 7.86 31
Lugremme / Air brakes 15 ton 136 800 500 12.31 12.04 4.61 28.96 5.47 3.66 9.13 38
ANDER IMPLEMENTE / OTHER IMPLEMENTS
Totale
koste
Totale koste
sonder rente
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
Totale vaste
koste
Rente
Interest
Waardevermindering
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Aankoopprys
Model
Model
Total
cost
Total cost
excl. interest
cost
Depreciation
Annual
usage
Purchase
value
R h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h R / h
Topmasjien (1 ry) / Trimmer ( 1 row) 110 000 200 66 24 90 26 92 116
Ontblaarder / Leaf remover 95 000 200 57 21 78 22 79 100
Mulching 80 000 200 48 18 66 19 67 84
Bankieskoffel / Mechanical weeders 100 000 200 60 22 82 23 83 105
Kragploeg / Power plow 89 000 200 80 20 100 31 111 131
Bossieslaner / Slasher 15 000 200 14 3 17 5 19 22
Snoeimasjien (1 ry) / Pruner (1 row) 250 000 200 150 55 205 58 208 263
Snoeimasjien (halwe ry) / Pruner (half row) 175 000 200 105 39 144 41 146 184

BAKKIES / PICK-UPS
Totale
koste
Brandstof / Fuel
Versekering
& lisensie
Waardevermindering
Leeftyd
Lifespan
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Aankoop
prys
Total
cost
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Herstel &
onderhoud
Repair &
maintenance
Koste
Cost
Verbuik
Consumption
Totale
vaste koste
Total
Rente
Interest
Licence &
insurance
Purchase
price
Model
Model
Depreciation
Annual
usage
R Km Km R / Km R / Km R / Km R / Km Km / L R / Km R / Km R / Km R / Km
Isuzu
KB 250 Fleetside A/C 163 443 20 000 160 000 0.92 0.27 0.36 1.55 10.00 0.84 0.87 1.70 3.25
KB 250 LWB 160 949 20 000 160 000 0.91 0.27 0.35 1.52 10.00 0.84 0.86 1.69 3.22
KB 250 D-TEQ 4X4 Fleetside 183 868 20 000 160 000 1.03 0.30 0.40 1.74 10.00 0.84 0.98 1.81 3.55
KB 300 D-TEQ LE 231 340 20 000 160 000 1.30 0.38 0.51 2.19 10.00 0.84 1.23 2.06 4.26
Toyota
2.5 D-4D SRX 202 272 20 000 160 000 1.14 0.33 0.44 1.92 10.00 0.84 1.07 1.91 3.83
2.5 D-4D SRX 4X4 242 692 20 000 160 000 1.37 0.40 0.53 2.30 10.00 0.84 1.29 2.12 4.42
3.0 D-4D 239 252 20 000 160 000 1.35 0.39 0.53 2.27 10.00 0.84 1.27 2.11 4.37
3.0 D-4D 4X4 279 672 20 000 160 000 1.57 0.46 0.62 2.65 10.00 0.84 1.49 2.32 4.97
Land Cruiser 344 516 20 000 160 000 1.94 0.57 0.76 3.26 10.00 0.84 1.83 2.67 5.93
Ford
2.5D LWB 4X2 157 913 20 000 160 000 0.89 0.26 0.35 1.50 10.00 0.84 0.84 1.67 3.17
2.5TD LWB Hi Trail 4X2 173 178 20 000 160 000 0.97 0.29 0.38 1.64 10.00 0.84 0.92 1.76 3.40
2.5TD Base Safety 4X4 219 386 20 000 160 000 1.23 0.36 0.48 2.08 10.00 0.84 1.17 2.00 4.08
3.0TDCi XLT Hi-Trail 4X2 234 350 20 000 160 000 1.32 0.39 0.52 2.22 10.00 0.84 1.24 2.08 4.30
Nissan
NP300 Workhorse 2.5 TDi 4X2 158 670 20 000 160 000 0.89 0.26 0.35 1.50 10.00 0.84 0.84 1.68 3.18
NP300 Workhorse 2.5 TDi 4X4 214 742 20 000 160 000 1.21 0.35 0.47 2.03 10.00 0.84 1.14 1.98 4.01
NP300 Hi-Rider 2.5TDi 4X2 202 014 20 000 160 000 1.14 0.33 0.44 1.91 10.00 0.84 1.07 1.91 3.82
Navara 2.5dCi 4X2 K/K 252 152 20 000 160 000 1.42 0.42 0.55 2.39 10.00 0.84 1.34 2.17 4.56

VRAGMOTORS / TRUCKS
Totale
koste
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Brandstof / Fuel Herstel &
onderhoud
Verbruik Koste
Repair &
Consumption Cost maintenance
Totale
vaste koste
Total
Rente
Interest
Versekering
& lisensie
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Leeftyd
Life-span
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Aankoop
prys
Model
Model
Total
cost
Licence &
insurance
Annual
usage
Purchase
price
R km km R / km R / km R / km R / km km / L R / km R / km R / km R / km
3.5 Ton (67 kW) 262 827 300 000 300 000 0.79 0.25 0.33 1.37 6.67 1.25 0.74 2.00 3.36
5 Ton (78 kW) 362 490 300 000 300 000 1.09 0.34 0.46 1.88 6.67 1.25 1.03 2.28 4.16
6 Ton (104 kW) 395 823 350 000 350 000 1.02 0.33 0.44 1.78 4.55 1.84 0.96 2.80 4.58
8 Ton (129 kW) 480 000 350 000 350 000 1.23 0.26 0.35 1.85 3.57 2.34 1.17 3.50 5.35
10 Ton (147 kW) 540 000 350 000 350 000 1.39 0.30 0.40 2.08 3.45 2.42 1.31 3.73 5.81
14 Ton (169 kW) 1 150 000 700 000 700 000 1.48 0.54 0.72 2.74 2.00 4.18 1.40 5.57 8.32
25 Ton (400 kW) 1 530 000 700 000 700 000 1.97 0.72 0.96 3.65 2.00 4.18 1.86 6.03 9.68
31

VRAGMOTORS / TRUCKS
Totale
koste
Veranderlike
koste
Variable
cost
Brandstof / Fuel Herstel &
onderhoud
Verbruik Koste
Repair &
Consumption Cost maintenance
Totale
vaste koste
Total
Rente
Interest
Versekering
& lisensie
Waardevermindering
Depreciation
Leeftyd
Life-span
Jaarlikse
gebruik
Aankoop
prys
Model
Model
Total
cost
Licence &
insurance
Annual
usage
Purchase
price
R km km R / km R / km R / km R / km km / L R / km R / km R / km R / km
3.5 Ton (67 kW) 262 827 300 000 300 000 0.79 0.25 0.33 1.37 6.67 1.25 0.74 2.00 3.36
5 Ton (78 kW) 362 490 300 000 300 000 1.09 0.34 0.46 1.88 6.67 1.25 1.03 2.28 4.16
6 Ton (104 kW) 395 823 350 000 350 000 1.02 0.33 0.44 1.78 4.55 1.84 0.96 2.80 4.58
8 Ton (129 kW) 480 000 350 000 350 000 1.23 0.26 0.35 1.85 3.57 2.34 1.17 3.50 5.35
10 Ton (147 kW) 540 000 350 000 350 000 1.39 0.30 0.40 2.08 3.45 2.42 1.31 3.73 5.81
14 Ton (169 kW) 1 150 000 700 000 700 000 1.48 0.54 0.72 2.74 2.00 4.18 1.40 5.57 8.32
25 Ton (400 kW) 1 530 000 700 000 700 000 1.97 0.72 0.96 3.65 2.00 4.18 1.86 6.03 9.68
31

VINPRO KONTAKBESONDERHEDE / VINPRO CONTACT DETAILS
Epos
Email
Sel
Cell
Telefoon
Telephone
Streek
Region
Afdeling
Services
Persoon
Person
021 807 3303 083 309 7627 viljoenf@vinpro.co.za
Bestuurder
Manager
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Francois Viljoen
Breedekloof 023 347 1566 083 455 5194 leon@vinpro.co.za
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Leon Dippenaar
Paarl 021 807 3069 082 890 7446 viljoenj@vinpro.co.za
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Johan Viljoen
Worcester 023 347 1566 083 455 5191 pierre@vinpro.co.za
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Pierre Snyman
Robertson 023 626 3017 083 455 5193 henniev@vinpro.co.za
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Hennie Visser
Klein Karoo 023 626 3017 082 922 9547 melletj@vinpro.co.za
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Johannes Mellet
Stellenbosch 021 807 3098 082 804 0422 conrad@vinpro.co.za
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Conrad Schutte
027 213 5837 083 455 5190 joubertj@vinpro.co.za
Olifantsrivier
Olifants River
Wingerdkundige
Viticulturist
Jeff Joubert
021 807 3043 072 070 3194 brahamo@vinpro.co.za
Alle streke
All regions
Grondkundige
Soil scientist
Braham Oberholzer
021 807 3445 083 480 2686 heinrich@vinpro.co.za
Alle streke
All regions
Grondkundige / GIS
Soil scientist / GIS
Heinrich Schloms
021 807 3304 082 714 1999 johang@vinpro.co.za
Alle streke
All regions
SEB Adviesdiens
BEE Advisory Service
Johan Giliomee
023 347 1566 083 290 5479 vanwykg@vinpro.co.za
Alle streke
All regions
Landbou-ekonoom
Agro-economist
Gert van Wyk
023 347 1566 082 663 0640 lerouxf@vinpro.co.za
Alle streke
All regions
Landbou-ekonoom
Agro-economist
Franco le Roux