the vegetation types and veld condition - Maremani Nature Reserve

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Dichapetalum cymosum, Solanum incanum, Solanum panduriforme, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Acacia caffra, Opuntia ficus-indica, Senecio spp., Melia azedarach 56
CHAPTER 9 MONITORING Detecting ecological effects or ecological monitoring is the purposeful and repeated examination of the state or condition of the vegetation in relation to external stress. It is the frequent testing of differences between baseline or initial surveys and follow-up surveys. Ecological monitoring emphasizes changes in living organisms and not merely in the physical environment. A prerequisite in any monitoring programme are permanent reference sites, representative of what is considered necessary to be monitored and depending on the method adopted. A monitoring programme serves as an early warning system to detect changes or trends as a result of management actions, natural events or those areas where past mismanagement occurred with the goal to adapt management strategies where necessary. On a game ranch certain management actions are implemented and possible changes related to these actions should be monitored over time. Monitoring is important where changes are possible in the natural veld due to the application of new management programmes. The veld condition and economic capacity of all plant communities need to be monitored regularly when the number of animals increases, which could lead to overgrazing and changes in plant species composition. Aspects that need to be monitored are: 1. climate (rainfall); 2. veld condition in terms of plant species composition, species frequency, density and/or cover; 3. economic and ecological carrying capacity; 4. vegetation structure; 5. the effects of water provision; 6. the effects of bush encroachment and its control; 7. veld reclamation measures such as soil erosion control; and 8. game numbers, population growth, mortalities, game distribution, herd composition and birth rates. It was found that it is better and more cost effective to a certain extent to count the animals on a farm every three to four years, but then 2 to even 4 times during that specific year. Monitoring of veld condition is essential when adaptive management is applied on a game ranch. The aim is to determine whether a change in species composition, the ratio of decreasers, increasers and invaders 57
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Prepared by: Ekotrust CC THE VEGETA
Page 3 and 4:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of this p
Page 5:
The assignment is interpreted as fo
Page 8 and 9: ! identify, describe and map the di
Page 10 and 11: Land Types and soils Nine land type
Page 12 and 13: Approach CHAPTER 3 METHODS Stereo a
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 4 VEGETATION The area was d
Page 16 and 17: 1. Croton gratissimus - Danthoniops
Page 18 and 19: Herbaceous species in this communit
Page 20 and 21: The diagnostic species are the Carr
Page 22 and 23: Species such as Stink grass (Bothri
Page 24 and 25: Lehmann’s love grass (Eragrostis
Page 26 and 27: This vegetation type varies from a
Page 28 and 29: (Commiphora mollis). Shrubs (
Page 30 and 31: Forb species in this community cove
Page 32 and 33: Lehmann’s love grass (Eragrostis
Page 34 and 35: Shrubs (
Page 36 and 37: The diagnostic species are for exam
Page 38 and 39: Introduction CHAPTER 5 VEGETATION S
Page 41 and 42: Introduction CHAPTER 6 VELD CONDITI
Page 43 and 44: one-camp system (lack of control ov
Page 45 and 46: 6. Sclerocarya birrea - Aristida st
Page 47 and 48: has been disturbed and over-utilize
Page 49 and 50: Large Herbivore Biomass (kg/km²) =
Page 51 and 52: The present numbers of game (2000)
Page 53 and 54: Eland, Elephant, Giraffe, Impala, K
Page 55 and 56: The low grass biomass and poor spec
Page 57: apple), Datura innoxia (Downy thorn
Page 61 and 62: The BECVOL computer program is used
Page 63 and 64: REFERENCES ACOCKS, J.P.H. Veld type
Page 65 and 66: APPENDIX A PLANT SPECIES LIST The l
Page 67 and 68: Anisotes rogersii Balanites pedicel
Page 69 and 70: Aristida rhiniochloa Rough three-aw
Page 71 and 72: Aloe lutescens Aloe marlothii Cissu
Page 73 and 74: Chamaesyce inaequilatera Chamaesyce
Page 75 and 76: Indigofera torulosa Indigofera trit
Page 77 and 78: Solanum panduriforme Poison apple G
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