Congo-Role-Play

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Roleplay of DRC Negotiations 12-5-02 Belgium—ruled the DRC as a colony for hundreds of years. Belgium has taken an interest in the peace process and has pledged aid as an incentive to make the peace process work. South Africa—hosted July peace talks and put pressure on all sides to come to an agreement to end the war. African Union—Seeks to play a part in a successful peace process in order to gain international recognition for itself and stability for Africa. Other Rebel Groups RCD-ML—faction of the Congolese Democracy Rally-Mouvement de Liberation, which is backed by Uganda and resides in northern Congo. RDC-ML is led by Ernest Wamba dia Wamba. Interhamwe—generic name given to various political party militias that carried out the genocide of more than 800,000 Tutsis and 30,000 moderate Hutus. The Interahawame resides in the Great Lakes Region. Ex-FAR—former soldiers who served in the Rwanda forces, but were ousted in 1994. Ex-Far resides in the Great Lakes Region. Mayi-mayi—guerrillas drawn from local populations to fight with the Rwandan armies and the RCD against Hutu genocidaires.
Brief History of the DRC Roleplay of DRC Negotiations 12-5-02 The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) existed as a Belgian colony from late 19th century until its independence in 1960. In the late 1950’s, growing agitation for independence was fostered by two main groups: the Congolese National Movement, led by Patrice Lumumba, and the Alliance of Kongo People, under Joseph Kasavubu. In June 1960, the Belgian Congo, amidst increasing nationalist and anti-Belgian sentiment was declared independent and renamed the Republic of Congo with Joseph Kasavubu as its first President and Patrice Lumumba as its first Prime Minister. Several events destabilized the country within the first year of independence: the army mutinied; the governor of Katanga, a large and resourceful province, attempted secession; and Prime Minister Lumumba died under mysterious circumstances. Col Joseph Mobutu briefly assumed power before ceding it to Kasavubu. In 1965, Col. Joseph Mobutu (later Mobutu Sese Seko) again took over the government, centralizing power and declaring himself the president for the next five years. The Mobutu government quieted nearly all political opposition, and was elected president, unopposed, in 1970. On a campaign of cultural awareness, Mobutu renamed the country the Republic of Zaire and required citizens to assume African names. Mobutu nationalized many foreign-owned firms, forcing many European investors out of the country in 1973-74, only to invite foreign investors back a few years later without much success. In the 1980’s, Mobutu continued to enforce his one-party system of rule, despite the efforts of some groups, notably the Union pour la Democratie et le Progres Social (UDPS), to remain politically active. Mobutu’s attempts to quell opposition parties, increased domestic protests, heightened international criticism of the regime’s human rights practices and a faltering economy placed great pressure on the regime. In 1990, Mobutu agreed to end the ban on multiparty politics, to appoint a transitional government, and in principle, to hold elections and draft a constitution. These elections never occurred. In 1991, following riots in Kinshasa by unpaid soldiers, Mobutu agreed to a coalition government with opposition leaders but positioned himself to retain control of the security apparatus and important ministries. In 1992, the Sovereign National Conference (SNC) convened. The SNC included representatives from various parties and attempted to chart a democratic course for the DRC. The SNC elected a chairman, Archbishop Laurent Monsengowo and a prime minister, Etienne Tshisekedi, who formerly headed the UDPS. By the end of the year, however, Mobutu had created a rival government with its own prime minister. The competing governments merged into the High Council of Republic-Parliament of Transition in 1994 with Mobutu as head of state and Kengo Wa Dondo as prime minister. Though presidential and legislative elections were scheduled to occur within the next two years, they never took place. In May ’97, anti-Mobutu rebels backed by Rwanda and Uganda captured the capital of Kinshasa. Zaire was renamed the Democratic Republic of
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Belgium BACKGROUND TEAM SCENE SETTE
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Economics Roleplay of DRC Negotiati
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MAPS TIMELINES Appendix A Roleplay
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WOMEN Roleplay of DRC Negotiations
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Thursday, Negotiation day, 2003 “
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