beginnersguidetosanskrittranslation

A Beginner’s Guide to Sanskrit Translation/Grammar
(Ram,
Seeta/he/
she/it]
[You]
A. Verb table for in Present Tense
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(A1.1)
[ / / ]
[ व
(A2.1)
[I] (A3.1)
[
]
]
(A1.2)
[ / / ]
[ व
(A2.2)
]
व (A3.2)
[ व ]
Verbs: भव(भ )[ न ] [happen] || ( )[ न ] [Go] || ( ) (
[
/ /
)[ न ] [See]|| ( ) [Stay] || ( ) ( ) [ न ] [Give] ||
[व
(A1.3)
(A2.3)[
]
]
(A3.3)
न (न )[ न ][ || ( )( न ) || ( ) क न [ to desire]
|| न (न ) [न क क न ] || ( ) ( न ) [To read] ||

( )( न ) [To Drink] || ( ) [Wins] || न (न ) न चन
[Dance] || ( न ) [Laugh] || व (व ) ( न ) [Speak] etc
1. Noun Table of ( )
एकवचन
(Singular)
व क
ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
क (1.1.a) क (1.1.b) क (1.1.c)
क (1.2.a) क (1.2.b) क न (1.2.c)
क न (1.3.a) क
क (1.4.a) क
(1.5.a) क
(1.3.b) क (1.3.c)
(1.4.b) क (1.4.c)
(1.5.b) क (1.5.c)
क (1.6.a) क (1.6.b) क न
क (1.7.a) क ( 1.7.b) क (1.7.c)
(1.6.c)
क (1.8.a) क (1.8.b) क (1.8.c)
� Noun table of न न भ क क व भ
न क व व च नक व व व
भ etc will follow exactly same as क

2. Noun Table of , [Feminine]
एकवचन
(Singular)
ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(2.1.a) (2.1.b) (2.1.c)
(2.2.a) (2.2.b) (2.2.c)
(2.3.a)
(2.4.a)
(2.5.a)
(2.3.b)
(2.4.b)
(2.5.b)
(2.6.a) (2.6.b) न
भ (2.3.c)
(2.4.c)
(2.5.c)
(2.6.c)
(2.7.a) (2.7.b) (2.7.c)
(2. 8. a) (2.8.b) (2.8.c)
� Noun table of न क न क क
भ व क etc will follow this form.

3. Noun Table for फ [ Fruits] [Neuter
एकवचन
(Singular)
Gender]
ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
( 3.1.a) (3.1.b) न (3.1.c)
(3.2.a) (3.2.b) न (3.2.c)
न (3.3.a)
(3.4.a)
(3.5.a)
(3.3.b)
(3.4.b)
(3.5.b)
(3.6.a) (3.6.b) न
(3.3.c)
(3.4.c)
(3.5.c)
(3.6.c)
(3.7.a) (3.7.b) (3.7.b)
(3.8.a) (3.8.b) न (3.8.c)
� Noun table of words like , , , न , , क, , , ,
, etc will follow table. They all are of neuter gender.

4. Non table for [ ] [ I ]
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(4.1.a) व
(4.2.a) व
(4.3.a) व
(4.4.a) व
(4.5.a) व
(4.1.b) व
(4.1.c)
(4.2.b) न (4.2.c)
(4.3.b) भ (4.3.c)
(4.4.b)
(4.5.b)
(4.6.a) व (4.6.b) क
(4.4.c)
(4.5.c)
(4.6.c)
(4.7.a) व (4.7.b) (4.7.c)
5. Noun table for [ ] [You]
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
व
व
(5.1.a) व
(5.2.a)
व (5.3.a) व
व
(5.4.a) व
(5.5.a) व
(5.1.b)
(5.1.c)
(5.2.b) न (5.2.c)
(5.3.b) भ (5.3.c)
(5.4.b)
(5.5.b)
व (5.6.a) व (5.6.b) क
(5.4.c)
(5.5.c)
(5.6.c)
व (5.7.a) व (5.7.b) (5.7.c)

6. Noun Table for
ह [He]
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(6.1.a) (6.1.b) (6.1.c)
(6.2.a) (6.2.b) न (6.2.c)
न (6.3.a)
(6.4.a)
(6.5.a)
(6.3.b) (6.3.c)
(6.4.b) (6.4.c)
(6.5.b) (6.5.c)
(6.6.a) (6.6.b) (6.6.c)
न (6.7.a) (6.7.b) (6.7.c)
7. Noun Table for
ह [She]
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(7.1.a) (7.1.b) (7.1.c)
(7.2.a) (7.2.b) (7.2.c)
(7.3.a)
(7.4.a)
(7.5.a)
(7.3.b) भ (7.3.c)
(7.4.b) (7.4.c)
(7.5.b) (7.5.c)
(7.6.a) (7.6.b) (7.6.c)
(7.7.a) (7.7.b) (7.7.c)

Prathama Vibhakti : Who is doing the work? Always ask who? Of
course it’s the subject, the doer. So, use first form, Nominative case with the noun, i.e:
Prathama Vibhakti
� Ram goes. [ 1.1.a] [A1.1]Who goes? Rama: Hence
Nominative case & Prathama Vibhakti
� Sita goes. [2.1.a] [A1.1]
� He Goes. [6.1.a] [A1.1]
� She goes. [7.1.a] [A1.1]
� Boy goes: क [1.1.a] [A1.1]
� Two boys go. क [1.1.b] [A1.2]
� Many boys go. क [1.1.c] [A1.3]
Dwitiya Vibhakti: This is accusative case or the objective case. If you
ask what or where in the sentence, you will have to use Dwitiya Vibhakti. For example:
What does Ram see? [A book] Where does he go? [To home] What does he read? [A
book] etc
� Ram goes to home : [1.1.a] [3.2.a] [A1.1]
� Ram reads book. [1.1.a] क [3.2.a] [A1.1]
� Boy eats an apple. क [1.1.a] [3.2.a] [A1.1]
� Two boys eat an apple. क [1.1.b] [3.2.a] [A1.2]
� Many boys eat an apple. क [1.1.c] [3.2.a] [[A1.3]
� Many boys eat many apples. क [1.1.c] न[3.2.c] [A1.3]

Tritiya Vibhakti: In Tritiya Vibhakti or Dative case, always ask, how
does one do the action. For example: How does one see books? Answer: With eyes. It is
called instrumental case. It is used when the instrument that helps noun do the verb
comes into action. Like, in this case: It’s the eyes, the instrument that helps the subject,
“He” do the action:-See.
� Rama reads a book with an eye. [1.1.a] न [3.3.a] क [3.2.a] [A1.a]
� Ram reads the book with both eyes. [1.1.a] न [3.3.b] क [3.2.a]
[A1.1]
� Sita plays with ball. [2.1.a] क क न[3.3.a] [A1.1]
� He comes by airplane. [6.1.a] व न न [3.3.a] [A1.1]
� He eats with mouth. [6.1.a] न [3.3.a] [A1.1]
N.B: Alaways ask, How does Rama read? With eyes, hence न [3 rd form], How does
Sita play? With ball, hence क क न [3 rd form]. How does he come? With airplane,
hence व न न [3 rd form]. How does he eat? With mouth, hence 3 rd form न
Chaturthi Vibhakti: In Chaturthi Vibhakti, always ask the purpose.
Why does one read? What is the purpose of reading? Why is he running? So, with the
answer that you get, use Chaturthi Vibhakti.
� He reads a book for money. [6.1.a] [3.4.a] [A1.1]
� Monkey jumps for fruits. व न [1.1.a] [3.4.a] क [A1.1]
� He runs for home. [6.1.a] [3.4.a] [A1.1]
Panchami Vibhakti; In Panchami Vibhakti or Dative case, always ask,
from where? Look at the examples: Fruit falls from tree. He comes from home.
� He comes from home. [6.1.a]
[3.5.a] [A1.1]

� Fruit falls from tree.
[3.1.a] व [3.5.a] [A1.1]
Shashthi Vibhakti: In Shashthi Vibhakti or Genitive case, always ask,
“Whose”? For example, whose book is this? This is Ram’s book.
� He goes to Ram’s home. [6.1.a] [1.6.a] [3.2.a] [A1.1]
� Ram is Dasharatha’s son. [1.1.a] [1.6.a] [1.1.a] [A1.1]
Saptami Vibhakti: Saptami Vibhakti or Locative case is used for
situations where you say, “In house, on house, on the table, over the head” etc. For
example: He lives in the house. So for “in the house” we need to look for Saptami
Vibhakti of the noun table.
� He lives in the house. [6.1.a] [1.7.a] व [A1.1]
Ram lives in people’s heart. [1.1.a] न न [3.6.c] [3.7.a] व [1.1.a]

8. Noun Table for [ ह] [ ] [This/It]
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(8.1.a) ए (8.1.b) (8.1.c)
(8.2.a) (8.2.b) न (8.2.c)
न न (8.3.a)
(8.4.a)
(8.5.a)
(8.3.b) ए भ (8.3.c)
(8.4.b) ए (8.4.c)
(8.5.b) ए (8.5.c)
(8.6.a) न (8.6.b) ए (8.6.c)
न (8.7.a) न (8.7.b) ए (8.7.c)
9. Noun Table for [ ह] [ ] [ This/It] [Feminine]
एकवचन (Singular) ववचन (Dual) वचन (Plural)
(9.1.a) (9.1.b) (9.1.c)
(9.2.a) (9.2.b) (9.2.c)
न (9.3.a)
(9.4.a)
(9.5.a)
(9.3.b) भ (9.3.c)
(9.4.b) (9.4.c)
(9.5.b) (9.5.c)
(9.6.a) न (9.6.b) (9.6.c)
(9.7.a) न (9.7.b) (9.7.c)

P.S: We will add more and more sentences with more and
more examples as and when we get time. The coding system
that I have adopted is unique and cannot be found out in any
other textbooks. More about the coding system will be
updated soon. Questions are welcome. Hope you enjoy
learning Sanskrit
~Mother India Team
[Doc Prepared by Mihir]