JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual ... - Robert Guajardo

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HTML: The Barebones Structure commands. Sandwiched between brackets, these tags are instructions that tell a web browser how to display the web page. Tags are the “markup” part of the Hypertext Markup Language. The starting (opening) tag of each pair tells the browser where the instruction begins, and the ending tag tells it where the instruction ends. Ending or closing tags always include a forward slash (/) after the first bracket symbol (
As mentioned on page 5, a web page’s doctype identifies which type of HTML or XHTML you used to create the web page. The rules differ subtly depending on type: For example, unlike HTML 4.01, XHTML doesn’t let you have an unclosed tag, and requires that all tag names and attributes be lowercase ( not , for example). HTML5 includes new tags and lets you use either HTML or XHTML syntax. Because different rules apply to each variant of HTML, you should always validate your web pages. An HTML validator is a program that makes sure a web page is written correctly. It checks the page’s doctype and then analyzes the code in the page to see whether it matches the rules defined by that doctype. For example, the validator flags mistakes like a misspelled tag name or an unclosed tag. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the organization that’s responsible for many of the technologies used on the web, has a free online validator at http:// validator.w3.org. You can copy your HTML and paste it into a web form, upload a web page, or point the validator to an already existing page on the web; the validator then analyzes the HTML and reports back whether the page is valid CSS: Adding Style to Web Pages UP TO SPEED Validating Web Pages introduction CSS: Adding Style to Web Pages or not. If there are any errors, the validator tells you what the error is and on which line of the HTML file it occurs. If you use Firefox, you can download the HTML Validator plug-in from http://users.skynet.be/mgueury/mozilla. This plug-in lets you validate a page directly in your web browser; just open a page (even a page directly off of your computer) and the validator will point out any errors in your HTML. There’s a similar plug-in for Safari, called Safari Validator, which you can find at http://zappatic.net/projects/ safarivalidator. Valid HTML isn’t just good form, it also helps to make sure your JavaScript programs work correctly. A lot of JavaScript involves manipulating a web page’s HTML: identifying a particular form field, for example, or placing new HTML (like an error message) in a particular spot. In order for JavaScript to access and manipulate a web page, the HTML must be in proper working order. Forgetting to close a tag, using the same ID name more than once, or improperly nesting your HTML tags can make your JavaScript code behave erratically or not at all. At the beginning of the Web, HTML was the only language you needed to know. You could build pages with colorful text and graphics and make words jump out using different sizes, fonts, and colors. But today, web designers turn to Cascading Style Sheets to add visual sophistication to their pages. CSS is a formatting language that lets you make text look good, build complex page layouts, and generally add style to your site. Think of HTML as merely the language you use to structure a page. It helps identify the stuff you want the world to know about. Tags like and denote headlines and assign them relative importance: A heading 1 is more important than a heading 2. The tag indicates a basic paragraph of information. Other tags provide further structural clues: for example, a tag identifies a bulleted list (to make a list of recipe ingredients more intelligible, for example). CSS, on the other hand, adds design flair to well-organized HTML content, making it more beautiful and easier to read. Essentially, a CSS style is just a rule that tells a web browser how to display a particular element on a page. For example, you can www.it-ebooks.info 7
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Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents The Missing Credi
Page 9 and 10: Selecting Page Elements: The jQuery
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 9: Enhancing Web Forms . .
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 14: Going Further with Java
Page 15 and 16: The Missing Credits About the Autho
Page 17 and 18: • Facebook: The Missing Manual, T
Page 19 and 20: Introduction The Web was a pretty b
Page 21 and 22: Note: After Netscape introduced Jav
Page 23: Hey, I am the title of this web
Page 27 and 28: • Declaration Block. The code fol
Page 29 and 30: Commercial Software Commercial webs
Page 31 and 32: way: You could build a house by cut
Page 33 and 34: • Operating-system basics. This b
Page 35 and 36: Safari ® Books Online Safari® Boo
Page 37 and 38: Part One: Getting Started with Java
Page 39 and 40: Writing Your First JavaScript Progr
Page 41 and 42: !=) and full of unfamiliar words (v
Page 43 and 44: JavaScript is called a scripting la
Page 45 and 46: the closing tag—this approach ma
Page 47 and 48: In addition, you can attach externa
Page 49 and 50: 6. Click the Alert box’s OK butto
Page 51 and 52: Attaching an External JavaScript Fi
Page 53 and 54: Most web browsers are set up to sil
Page 55 and 56: • Unterminated string literal. A
Page 57 and 58: Accessing the Safari Error Console
Page 59 and 60: The Grammar of JavaScript Learning
Page 61 and 62: Programming languages usually categ
Page 63 and 64: is a Boolean value: Either the emai
Page 65 and 66: Table 2-1. Some words are reserved
Page 67 and 68: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION Spaces, T
Page 69 and 70: each line of code that uses the pri
Page 71 and 72: That feature, known as automatic ty
Page 73 and 74: The same rules apply when concatena
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Tutorial: Asking for Information In
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4. Return to your text editor. Loca
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you put the list of items between o
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Because the index number of the las
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So if each time the visitor clicks
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2. Between the first set of tags,
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5. Return to your text editor and e
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The world of JavaScript is also fil
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It’s easy to forget how a program
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The third line ends with a comment
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Adding Logic and Control to Your Pr
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Conditional Statement Basics Condit
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if (answer == 31) { alert('Correct.
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if (answer == 31) { alert('Correct.
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fridayCash >= 50 yes alert('You sho
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Note: To type a pipe character, pre
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crucial pieces of a conditional sta
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Note: Why two sets of script tags?
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Handling Repetitive Tasks with Loop
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The first time through this loop, t
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For Loops JavaScript offers another
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However, with a do/while loop, you
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ace, one or more lines of JavaScrip
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function print(message) { document.
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var formattedTotal = total.toFixed(
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var message = 'Outside the function
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the prompt() command. In addition,
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Now that the basic variables for th
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This code is just a basic if/else s
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Part Two: Getting Started with jQue
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Introducing jQuery The first chapte
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jQuery isn’t the only JavaScript
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2. Click the “Current Release”
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Tip: When using the Google CDN, you
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It may seem hard to believe, but, i
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• Remove the element. In the Netf
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Unfortunately, the major browsers h
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Element selectors jQuery also has i
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Advanced Selectors jQuery also lets
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jQuery Filters jQuery also provides
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Because looping through a collectio
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• .text() works like .html() but
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Note: jQuery also includes a functi
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• Finally, you may want to toggle
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highlight a tag (perhaps in reacti
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The attr() function returns the att
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Fifty alert dialog boxes with the m
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Creating all that HTML takes time a
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4. Click on the empty line between
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Although the text looks like it wil
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Action/Reaction: Making Pages Come
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Mouse Events Ever since Steve Jobs
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Form Events In the pre-JavaScript d
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2. Assign an event. In jQuery, most
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Tutorial: Introducing Events This t
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Now that you’ve got the basics, y
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More jQuery Event Concepts Because
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Tip: Because the ready() function i
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The toggle() Event jQuery’s toggl
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Tip: If you access the event object
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Advanced Event Management You can l
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Other Ways to Use the bind() Functi
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function is discussed on page 187).
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9 function() { 10 $(this).next('.an
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Animations and Effects In the last
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Basic Showing and Hiding jQuery pro
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Normally, when you hide an element
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The Programming 1. In a text editor
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edge of the page, changing its opac
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When using the animate() function,
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its width and height from zero to f
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Note: See the note on page 29 for i
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$(document).ready(function() { $('#
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You’ll see the div move into view
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Part Three: Building Web Page Featu
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Improving Your Images Web designers
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The key to this technique is line 1
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1 2 3 $(document).ready(function(
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Figure 7-2: The basic structure of
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Here’s the creative part: Instead
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Overview of Task The way the galler
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1. In a text editor, open the file
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New image (fade in) 1 2 3 Old i
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The Basics FancyBox is very easy to
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In addition, FancyBox can use the
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jQuery FancyBox accepts a lot of di
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and shifts the image using the back
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• Border color around pop-up imag
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The actual value you supply the rel
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Improving Navigation Links make the
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Line 1 selects all external links (
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Manually adding target=“_blank”
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open(URL, name, properties) The ope
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• toolbar sets the visibility of
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Tip: The jQuery ScrollTo plug-in pr
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1. Download the FancyBox files from
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5. Near the top of the file, click
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Gadgets Gadget Basic Gadget Stan
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margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-t
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To activate the menu, you first use
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Enhancing Web Forms Since the earli
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Mars Alpha Centauri You've never he
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$(':checked') Even better, you can
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adio buttons and checkboxes require
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This code creates a text field on t
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Like other events, you can use jQue
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they can type? Why not just place t
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Sometimes I get the same form infor
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Note: See the note on page 29 for i
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To disable the fields, all you have
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fields if they don’t have to. You
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Checking to make sure a text field
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5. Apply the validate() function to
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For example, say you have a field a
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Tip: You can combine the basic vali
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$('#signup').validate({ rules: { na
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While JavaScript validation is grea
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label.error { color: #F00; font-wei
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Congratulations—you’ve just add
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equired: true, email: true } } // e
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Don’t forget the comma on line 5.
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to place. The function receives bot
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Expanding Your Interface A web page
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Overview Specifications Shipping T
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.tabs a { display: block; text-deco
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Tabbed Panels Tutorial Now
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Line 3 hides the panels. Because ea
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9. Save the page and try it out in
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Using AnythingSlider AnythingSlider
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This is a tag (an HTML tag meant
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• Color of the navigation buttons
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• Variable size slides. If each s
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• innerWidth() returns the width
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$('#caption').css({ 'position' : 'a
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.scrollTop( ) .scrollLeft( ) Browse
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Here’s the HTML for a basic toolt
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tooltip content. If the tooltip con
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8. Inside the anonymous function yo
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Lines 7 and 8 use the outerHeight()
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Note: The example in this section p
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13 if (triggerPos.top - tipH - scro
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Part Four: Ajax: Communication with
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Introducing Ajax JavaScript is grea
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• Display new HTML content withou
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The XMLHttpRequest object was actua
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1. Create an instance of the XMLHtt
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In addition, most of the time, you
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Unless you’re using jQuery’s ba
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fine—it’ll get any visitors to
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$('#newslinks a').click(function()
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Or: $.get(url, data, callback); $.p
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You need to be careful using this m
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When the web browser sends off a re
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link behavior and prevents the web
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Tutorial: Using the get() Function
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The tag has the ID login applied t
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doesn’t remove the first error me
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Note: Another type of JSON, known a
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The same is true with a JSON object
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You pass the JSON object, and an an
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Flickr and Google Maps In the previ
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Flickr gives you a couple of ways t
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Note: You can only search for tags
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(see line 2 on page 381). Then, to
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and an anonymous function. The $.ea
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11. Save the page and preview it in
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Note: GoMap uses version 3 of the G
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In fact, you can use anything that
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mapTypeControl : false If you do li
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You can also add a marker after the
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Adding Information Windows to Marke
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8. Edit the script by adding a comm
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Part Five: Tips, Tricks, and Troubl
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Getting the Most from jQuery jQuery
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Storing a selection into a variable
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$('#main a') than this selector: $(
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• Selectors (http://api.jquery.co
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• Internals (http://api.jquery.co
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jQuery functions working in this wa
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You use .find() to select a descend
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The .siblings() function also can t
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More Functions For Manipulating HTM
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This is the contents of outer
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$('#container').delegate('selector'
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Going Further with Java Script This
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In this case, the conditional state
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The slice() method requires a numbe
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Unless you’re a super-alien from
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Character Matches | Either the char
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string, when what you really want i
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Note: For regular expressions that
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Note: The email regex listed above
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• www\. matches www.. • ) is th
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You could rewrite the code from pag
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Working with Numbers Numbers are an
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Note: You’re probably wondering w
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var cost = 10; var printCost = '$'
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The new Date() command creates a Da
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JavaScript lets you access particul
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Line 8 introduces a mathematical op
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Creating a date that’s one week f
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For example, if you have a search b
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14 ); 15 }); //end ready() Now, the
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Notice that there’s an awful lot
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eak; default: message = 'What kind
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Troubleshooting and Debugging Every
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You’ll encounter a syntax error w
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There are three basic categories of
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For example, the following code gen
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paths is the location of the web pa
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The best way to deal with errors an
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View console List of errors Using c
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Tutorial: Using the Firebug Console
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Save the page; reload it in Firefox
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More Powerful Debugging The Firebug
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After the script begins to run, as
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Add new expression chapter 15: trou
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3. Launch your text editor and open
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A red dot appears to the left of li
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16. Return to your text editor, and
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JavaScript Resources This book prov
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jQuery Much of this book covered th
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Websites • Eloquent JavaScript (h
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Index Symbols & (ampersand) && logi
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ind() function, jQuery, 177-179, 42
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dimensions of browser window, 319-3
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validating, 278-291 error messages
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post() function, 356-357, 358 seria
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examples using, 2, 23, 124 librarie
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searching selections, 365, 407, 413
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typeof operator, 72 typing errors.
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Colophon This book was composited i
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JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual ... - Robert Guajardo

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