Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity and Alternatives - Miljøstyrelsen

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The Danish Environmental Protection Agency will, when opportunity offers, publish reports and contributions relating to environmental research and development projects financed via the Danish EPA. Please note that publication does not signify that the contents of the reports necessarily reflect the views of the Danish EPA. The reports are, however, published because the Danish EPA finds that the studies represent a valuable contribution to the debate on environmental policy in Denmark.
Table of Contents PREFACE 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7 SAMMENFATNING OG KONKLUSIONER 13 1 INTRODUCTION 19 1.1 WHAT ARE SILOXANES AND SILICONES? 19 1.2 INTERNATIONAL MARKET 23 2 APPLICATION OF SILICONES IN DENMARK 26 2.1 RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTION, IMPORT AND EXPORT 26 2.2 FIELDS OF APPLICATION 26 2.2.1 Data from the Danish Product Register 26 2.2.2 Sealants used for construction 29 2.2.3 Paints, inks and coatings 30 2.2.4 Cosmetics and toiletries 32 2.2.5 Cleaning agents and maintenance agents 34 2.2.6 Mechanical fluids and heat transfer fluids 36 2.2.7 Textile applications 37 2.2.8 Process control and plastic additives 38 2.2.9 Health-care applications 39 2.2.10 Paper coating 40 2.2.11 Other uses of silicone elastomers and resins 40 2.2.12 Other uses of silicone fluids 41 2.3 SUMMARY 41 3 HEALTH EVALUATION OF SILOXANES 44 3.1 DATA ON TOXICITY OF SILOXANES 44 3.2 TOXICITY OF SILOXANES 45 3.2.1 Toxicokinetics 46 3.2.2 Acute toxicity 46 3.2.3 Irritation and sensitization 47 3.2.4 Subacute / subchronic / chronic toxicity 47 3.2.5 Genetic toxicity 48 3.2.6 Carcinogenicity 48 3.2.7 Reproductive toxicity 49 3.2.8 Endocrine disruption 49 3.3 CONCLUSION 50 4 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS 52 4.1 INITIAL SCREENING FOR DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5) 52 4.2 PBT PROFILER SCREENING 52 4.3 AQUATIC TOXICITY DATA FOR OCTAMETHYLCYCLOSILOXANE AND PDMS 53 5 ALTERNATIVES 55 5.1 ALTERNATIVES TO SILOXANES IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS 55 3
Page 1: Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity a
Page 5: Preface Siloxanes, the building blo
Page 8 and 9: 8 products, clothes, health-care pr
Page 10 and 11: 10 A possible estrogenic effect con
Page 13 and 14: Sammenfatning og konklusioner Denne
Page 15 and 16: Udledninger til miljøet Den væsen
Page 17 and 18: Prisen på alternativerne varierer
Page 19 and 20: 1 Introduction 1.1 What are siloxan
Page 21 and 22: Cyclic siloxanes with other functio
Page 23 and 24: Curing of one-component RTV silicon
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.2 Consumption of silicones
Page 27 and 28: tion and export of siloxanes regist
Page 29 and 30: CAS No. Name Import average tonnes
Page 31 and 32: • Defoamers, flow control agents
Page 33 and 34: Besides their technical properties,
Page 35 and 36: paint, coatings and waxes in total
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.5 Siloxanes in imported, ex
Page 39 and 40: Fate of the siloxanes The siloxanes
Page 41 and 42: • Mouldmaking (reproduction of co
Page 43 and 44: The main source of releases of silo
Page 45 and 46: • Immunotoxicity studies. Human c
Page 47 and 48: LD 50 following dermal application
Page 49 and 50: cinogenic hazard associated with D5
Page 51 and 52: following repeated exposures, the l
Page 53 and 54:
Table 4.1 PBT profiler results for
Page 55 and 56:
5 Alternatives The use of some type
Page 57 and 58:
Name of alternative Neopentylglycol
Page 59 and 60:
5.1.7 Summary and general experienc
Page 61 and 62:
Table 5.2 Identified alternatives t
Page 63 and 64:
References Allan, R.B., Kochs, P. &
Page 65 and 66:
EPA DCN 86970000024. 1996. Pharmaco
Page 67 and 68:
EPA, August 2003. Siloxane D5 in Dr
Page 69 and 70:
69 Annex 1 Siloxanes listed in the
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71 INCI name CAS No EINECS/ ELINCS
Page 73 and 74:
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Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Declared name CAS No. ACRYLATES / D
Page 81 and 82:
Annex 3 Siloxanes in the Danish Pro
Page 83 and 84:
Tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 91 and 92:
Annex 5 Siloxanes in cleaning and m
Page 93 and 94:
tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 95 and 96:
Annex 7 Database screening for deca
Page 97 and 98:
Inhalation No relevant data found O
Page 99 and 100:
PhysProp 2003. PHYSPROP DEMO-databa
Page 101 and 102:
10 CAS no Synonym Test Exposure rou
Page 103 and 104:
103 CAS no Synonym Test Exposure ro
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111:
111 CAS no Synonym 556-67-2, 541-02
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Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity and Alternatives - Miljøstyrelsen

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