Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity and Alternatives - Miljøstyrelsen

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4 5.1.1 Neopentylglycol heptanoate 56 5.1.2 Isodecyl neopentanoate 56 5.1.3 Glycol distearate 57 5.1.4 Dicaprylyl carbonate (vegetable oil components) 58 5.1.5 Diethylhexyl carbonate 58 5.1.6 Hydrogenated polydecen 58 5.1.7 Summary and general experience 59 5.2 ALTERNATIVES TO SILOXANES IN CLEANING AGENTS AND POLISHES 59 5.2.1 Mineral oils (tensides) 61 5.2.2 Paraffin oils and vegetable oils 61 5.2.3 Lipophilic tensides 62 5.2.4 Block polymers 62 5.2.5 Summary 62 REFERENCES 63 Annex 1 Siloxanes listed in the INCI database 69 Annex 2 Siloxanes in hair styling products on the Danish market 79 Annex 3 Siloxanes in the Danish Product Register 81 Annex 4 Siloxanes in sealants 88 Annex 5 Siloxanes in cleaning and maintenance products 91 Annex 6 Contacted companies and organisations 94 Annex 7 Database screening for decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane 95 Annex 8 Human toxicity test results for siloxanes 100
Preface Siloxanes, the building blocks for silicone products, are widely used chemicals. The siloxanes are characterised by a high stability, physiologic inertness and good release and lubricating properties. The stability of the siloxanes, desirable from a technical point of view, makes the siloxanes very persistent, and once released to the environment the siloxanes remain for many years. In recent years studies indicating that some of the siloxanes may have endocrine disrupting properties, and reproductive effects have caused concern about the possible effects of the siloxanes on humans and the environment. Until now no overview of the use of siloxanes in Denmark has been available. The purpose of the present project initiated by The Danish Environmental Protection Agency is to assess the use of siloxanes in Denmark and identify potential sources of releases of siloxanes to the environment. Besides the toxicity of siloxanes has been reviewed, and alternatives to some of the groups of siloxanes of concern have been identified. The project has been followed by a Steering Group consisting of: • Frank Jensen, Danish Environmental Protection Agency (chairman); • Annette Orloff, Danish Environmental Protection Agency; • Carsten Lassen, COWI A/S. The report has been prepared by Carsten Lassen, Charlotte Libak Hansen, Sonja Hagen Mikkelsen and Jakob Maag, COWI A/S. 5
Page 1 and 2: Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity a
Page 3: Table of Contents PREFACE 5 SUMMARY
Page 8 and 9: 8 products, clothes, health-care pr
Page 10 and 11: 10 A possible estrogenic effect con
Page 13 and 14: Sammenfatning og konklusioner Denne
Page 15 and 16: Udledninger til miljøet Den væsen
Page 17 and 18: Prisen på alternativerne varierer
Page 19 and 20: 1 Introduction 1.1 What are siloxan
Page 21 and 22: Cyclic siloxanes with other functio
Page 23 and 24: Curing of one-component RTV silicon
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.2 Consumption of silicones
Page 27 and 28: tion and export of siloxanes regist
Page 29 and 30: CAS No. Name Import average tonnes
Page 31 and 32: • Defoamers, flow control agents
Page 33 and 34: Besides their technical properties,
Page 35 and 36: paint, coatings and waxes in total
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.5 Siloxanes in imported, ex
Page 39 and 40: Fate of the siloxanes The siloxanes
Page 41 and 42: • Mouldmaking (reproduction of co
Page 43 and 44: The main source of releases of silo
Page 45 and 46: • Immunotoxicity studies. Human c
Page 47 and 48: LD 50 following dermal application
Page 49 and 50: cinogenic hazard associated with D5
Page 51 and 52: following repeated exposures, the l
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.1 PBT profiler results for
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5 Alternatives The use of some type
Page 57 and 58:
Name of alternative Neopentylglycol
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5.1.7 Summary and general experienc
Page 61 and 62:
Table 5.2 Identified alternatives t
Page 63 and 64:
References Allan, R.B., Kochs, P. &
Page 65 and 66:
EPA DCN 86970000024. 1996. Pharmaco
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EPA, August 2003. Siloxane D5 in Dr
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69 Annex 1 Siloxanes listed in the
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71 INCI name CAS No EINECS/ ELINCS
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Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Declared name CAS No. ACRYLATES / D
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Annex 3 Siloxanes in the Danish Pro
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Tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 91 and 92:
Annex 5 Siloxanes in cleaning and m
Page 93 and 94:
tonnes siloxanes Import Production
Page 95 and 96:
Annex 7 Database screening for deca
Page 97 and 98:
Inhalation No relevant data found O
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PhysProp 2003. PHYSPROP DEMO-databa
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10 CAS no Synonym Test Exposure rou
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103 CAS no Synonym Test Exposure ro
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111:
111 CAS no Synonym 556-67-2, 541-02
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Siloxanes - Consumption, Toxicity and Alternatives - Miljøstyrelsen

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