the green power of membranes - European Brewery Convention

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THE GREEN POWER OF MEMBRANES 

Reiner Gaub 

Pall Food & Beverage 

Reiner Gaub, Pall ® Food & Beverage The Green Power of Membranes © 2008, Pall Corporation 

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Agenda 

• The brewing process – a filtration process 

• Sustainability 

• Measures 

• Clarification of beer 

• Microbiological stabilization 

• Summary 

Reiner Gaub, Pall ® Food & Beverage The Green Power of Membranes © 2008, Pall Corporation

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The Brewing 

Process 

Incoming water 

treatment 

Yeast 

Management 

Beer Recovery 

from Yeast 

Milling 

Mashing 

Lautering 

Boiling 

Fermentation 

Clarification Fine 

Filtration 

Whirlpool 

Maturation 

Bright 

Beer Tank 

Final 

Filtration 

Cooling 

Cooling 

Filling 


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Membranes 

in the 

Brewing 

Process 

Incoming water 

treatment 

Yeast 

Management 

Beer Recovery 

from Yeast 

Milling 

Mashing 

Lautering 

Boiling 

Fermentation 

Clarification Fine 

Filtration 

Whirlpool 

Maturation 

Bright 

Beer Tank 

Final 

Filtration 

Cooling 

Cooling 

Filling 


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Sustainability 

• www = 32 m hits 

• Since 2007 key criteria for company ratings 

• Since 5 years increasing attention 

• Since 30 years on the agenda 

• Is experienced by each individual 


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Green 

Power 

How to describe GREEN POWER ? 

• Carbon foot print 

• Water foot print 

• Recycling & Disposal 

• Health aspects 


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CO 2 

Footprint 

Definition UNFCCC 

(United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change) 

Measure of the impact, human activities have on the 

environment in terms of the amount of green house gases 

produced. 

Standards 

Ecological foot print standards Rev 2006, released June 16th, 2006 by the Global Footprint Network 

Depending on the subject and the research question that 

is being investigated Ecological footprint studies have 

significant differences. 


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CO 2 

Footprint 

Measurement 

UK Parliamentary Office of Sciences and Technology, 2006 

Carbon foot print is expressed as a CO 2 equivalent 

(kg) which accounts to the same global warming 

effects of different green house gases. 

Methodologie 

WBCSD/WIR global green house gas protocol 

World Business Council for Sustainable Development. 

Footprint standard calculation methods 

Ecological foot print standards Rev 2006, Application standard #8 


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CO 2 

Footprint 

Raw materials 

Transport 

Reporting levels 

Ecological foot print standards Rev 2006, released June 16th, 2006 by the Global Footprint Network 

• Scope 1 

• Direct emissions resulting from product life cycle 

• Scope 2 

• Indirect emissions considering pollution from purchased 

energy and transport 

• Scope 3 

• Voluntary emissions not controlled by company, 

e.g. subsupplier, disposal 

Production 

Product use 

Distribution 

Disposal/Recycle 


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The Brewing 

Process 

Benchmarking 

DE against Membrane 


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CO 2 

Footprint 

From Source to Brewery Entry 

(example 2 Mio hl brewery) 

DE Filtration (200 t/a at 100 g/hl total consumption) 

Mining 

• Yield 20% to 80% 

• 500 – 1.000 t/a raw material 

Production 

• Sieving, Drying 

• Burning (700 1.400 °C) 

• CO 2 Footprint – est. 600.000 kg CO 2 /anno 

• Reference data for lime at 1,2 kg CO 2 for 1 kg lime at comparable 

conditions (970°C for 1h) Source BVK Sept. 2008 Handelsblatt 

• Carbon footprint 0,11 kg CO 2 /hl 

Distribution 

• 25 kg bags 

• Long distance distribution 


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CO 2 

Footprint 

From Source to Brewery Entry 

(example 2 Mio hl brewery) 

PES membrane based process 0,8 – 1,6 t/a at 50 to 80 lmh 

Mining/Raw Materials 

• Oil and Oil derivates 

• Recycling materials 

Transport 

• Oil sources Middle East, North Sea, Texas, Russia 

• From drilling to rafination (typically Europe, Texas, etc) 

Production 

• Carbon footprint PES material = 0,36 to 1,1 kg CO 2 /kg 

• Data from BASF sustainability report, section Carbon balance 2008 

• Carbon footprint 0,0004 kg CO 2 /hl incl. transport & raw materials 

Distribution 

• Big bulk polymer materials to membrane manufacturing site 

• Membranes to breweries 


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Clarification 

DE Filtration 

• Batch 

• 8 16 h batch length 

• 60 120 min downtime 

• DE powder handling 

• 5 10 kWh additional 

• High system volume 

• 85 hl vessel volume 

* 400 hl/h System at 5 hl/h*m² for DE or 80 lmh for membrane 

Membrane 

• Continuous 

• CIP, 1x in 24 h 

• Duration 60 min 

• No powder handling 

• Low system volume 

• 22 hl system volume 


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Clarification 

DE Filtration 

• Low chemical usage 

• 150 – 250 l NaOH 

@ 25 % per month 

• Medium water usage 

• 0,13 hl/hl beer 

• High pre/after runs 

• 0,3 to 1 vessel volumes 

• Medium power cons. 

• 0,30,5 kWh/hl beer* 

Membrane 

* 400 hl/h System at 5 hl/h*m² for DE or 80 lmh for membrane incl. centrifuge 

• High chemical usage 

• 20–40 hl NaOH@ 25% 

• 10–20 hl H 2 O 2 per month 

• Low water use 

• 0,08 hl/hl beer 

• No pre/after runs 

• no beer losses 

• Medium power cons. 

• 0,50,7 kWh/hl beer* 


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Clarification 

DE Filtration 

Single use of product 

• Without DE recycling 

– 660 t/a wet DE 

• @ 100 g/hl dosage 

• @ 35% solid content 

– Transport Emission 

• 39.600 kg CO 2 /a 

@ 1.200 g CO 2 /km*² 

@ 25 km distance 

– Disposal 

• Farming, landfill, waste 

water 

•* MANmm.com/en/Innovation and Competence/Environment 

* 400 hl/h System at 5 hl/h*m² for DE or 80 lmh for membrane 

Membrane 

Multiple use of product 

• > 500 filtration cycles 

– 0,4 – 0,8 t/a 

• @ 500 to 1000 cycles 

• @ 4,3 kg dry weight 

– Disposal 

• Municipal waste 

• Recycling 

– Energy recycling 

– Feedstock recycling 


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Clarification 

DE Filtration 

• Health exposure 

– TRGS 906 (01/2006) 

EU # 2724890 (European inventory registration of chemical substances) 

• Kieselguhr calcinated 0,3 mg / m³ A (dust < 12 µm) 

• Kieselguhr none calcinated 4 mg / m³ E (dust > 12 µm) 

• Cristobalit 0,15 mg / m³ A 

• Quarz 0,15 mg / m³ A 

• In June 1998 the IARC reclassified “crystalline silica” 

from group 2A “probable human carcinogen” 

to group 1 “ human carcinogen”. 

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, an organ of the WHO) 


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Clarification 

CO2 footprint 

water 

power 

cleaner 

health 

disposal 

Impact Rating 

Low Sustainability impact high 

DE 

Membrane 


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Micro 

biological 

Stabilisation 

The Technologies 

– Membrane filtration 

• Mechanical process 

• Multiple use of material 

• Small volumes 

– Pasteurizer 

• Thermal process 

• Heat & water recovery 


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Micro 

biological 

Stabilisation 

• Savings by replacing a tunnel pasteurizer 

with a Pall CFS filter system 

– Energy 

• 400.000 kWh/ month 

– Water 

• 2.000 m³/month 

– Waste water 

• 1.975 m³/month 

– COD waste water 

• 3.740 kg/month 

– Glas waste (broken bottles) 

• 13.800 kg/month 

• 350 hl/h performance/ 2 mio hl production 

Cold Sterile Filtration in a Brewery, S.Hoffman, Brauwelt 137 Nr 23, 894896 


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Summary 

THE GREEN POWER OF MEMBRANES 

• Membranes for clarification 

– lower the carbon footprint 

– reduce water footprint 

– are not hazardous 

– create no waste issue 

– allow recycling 

• Membranes for microbiological beer stabilisation 

– reduce carbon footprint 

– minimize water footprint

the green power of membranes - European Brewery Convention

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