A Study of the ITU-T G.729 Speech Coding Algorithm ...

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Open MASTER THESIS Datum - Date Rev Dokumentnr - Document no. 04-09-28 PA1 6 (78)
Open MASTER THESIS Uppgjord - Prepared Datum - Date Rev Dokumentnr - Document no. Johannes Celander 04-09-28 PA1 Godkänd - Approved Kontr - Checked Tillhör/Referens - File/Reference Contents 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Thesis Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2 Thesis Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3 Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.4 List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 Speech Coding Overview 15 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 Speech Signal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2.1 Human Speech Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2.2 Speech Sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2.3 Speech-Signal Waveform Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3 Speech Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3.1 Pitch Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3.2 Source-Filter Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.3.3 Linear Predictive Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.4 Speech Coding Performance Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.5 Speech Coding Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.5.1 Waveform Coders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.5.2 Voice Coders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.5.3 Hybrid Coders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.5.4 Analysis-by-Synthesis Coders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.5.5 Code Excited Linear Predictive Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.5.6 Speech Coding Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Description of the G.729/A Speech-Coding Algorithm 31 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.2 General Description of the Coder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.3 Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.3.1 Fixed Codebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.3.2 Adaptive Codebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.3.3 Gain Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.4 Bit Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.5 Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.6 G.729A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.6.1 Encoder Differences Between G.729 and G.729A . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.6.2 Decoder Differences Between G.729 and G.729A . . . . . . . . . . 38 4 Voice over IP Overview 39 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.1 VoIP Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.2 VoIP Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.1.3 VoIP Routing Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4.2 VoIP Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2.1 Signal System 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 (78)
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