Myanmar Protected Areas: Context, Current Status ... - Istituto Oikos

Appendices
Appendix 1 Major Myanmar Environmental Laws and Policies
Laws and policies are given in chronological order according to the date of approval.
# Legislation Year Purposes/objectives
1 Forest Rules 1856
To regulate teak harvesting (All India, including the then Province
of Burma)
2 Elephant Preservation Act 1879 To regulate the capturing of wild elephants
3 Burma Forest Act 1881
4 Indian Forest Policy 1894
To impose law enforcement in forests throughout the country (not
applicable to private land)
To ensure maintenance of adequate forest cover for the general wellbeing
of the country, meeting needs of local people and maximum
revenue collection.
5 Burma Forest Act & Rules 1902 To impose sustainable management of forests
6 Wild Birds & Animals Protection Act 1912
7 Burma Village Act 1921
8 Burma Game Rules 1927
9
10
Wild Birds and Animals Protection
Act Amendment
Wild Birds and Animals Protection
Act Amendment
11 The Wildlife Protection Act 1936
12
The Wildlife Protection Act
Amendment
To protect the fauna (birds and mammals) (applied to all of British
India)
To encourage forest conservation and teak plantation through the
establishment of forest taungya villages
To establish seasons and bag limits on game birds and mammals
(under Burma Forest Act)
1929 To increase the number of protected species
1934 To increase the number of protected species
To establish wildlife sanctuaries, to designate hunting seasons, and to
accord complete and partial protection to mammals, birds and reptiles
(except snakes)
1956 To accord protected status to additional wildlife species
13 Burma Forest Act Amendment 1956 To regulate timber harvesting
14 Forest Law 1992
To conserve and manage the forest systematically, and to control
timber extraction
15 National Environmental Policy 1994
16
Protection of Wildlife and Wild Plants
and Conservation of Natural Areas
Law
1994
17 Myanmar Forest Policy 1995
18
Forest Rules and Community
Forestry Instructions
1995
19 Myanmar Agenda 21 1997
To enhance the quality of the life of all Myanmar citizens through the
integration of environmental considerations into the development
process
To protect wild animals and plants, conserve natural areas, and fulfil
Myanmar’s obligations under international agreements
To conserve the environment and biodiversity; to promote sustainable
management of natural forests, and to establish forest plantations
To regulate sustainable forest management and forest plantations, and
promote community participation
To promote biodiversity conservation through the involvement of local
communities in designing and planning protected area management,
gathering data, consultation and decision-making.
20 National Forest Master Plan 2001 To maintain the forest and biodiversity of Myanmar.
21
22
Rules on Protection of Wildlife, and
Protected Area Conservation Law
National Sustainable Development
Strategy
2003
2009
To establish a procedural framework for the 1994 Protection of Flora
and Fauna, and Protected Area Conservation Law
Sustainable management of natural resources, integrated economic
development, sustainable social development.
International Convention Place Year
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Convention) Vienna 1988 1993 (Ac)
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal
Protocol)
Montreal 1989 1993 (Ac)
London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol London 1992 1993 (Ac)
Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Paris 1972 1994 (At)
Convention on Biological Diversity Rio de Janeiro 1992 1994 (R)
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries
Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in
Africa
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES)
Paris 1994 1997(Ac)
Bonn 1979 1997(Ac)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change New York 1992 2003 (Ac)
Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar Convention) Ramsar 1971 2005 (R)
Copenhagen Amendment to the Montreal Protocol Copenhagen 1994 2009 (Ac)
150 151
Conclusion
Appendix 2 Major International Conventions related to protected areas and
forest lands signed by Myanmar
Conventions are given in chronological order according to the date of accession (Ac), acceptance (At)
or ratification (R) by Myanmar.
Date of deposit
by Myanmar