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If nothing else, my research<br />

has suggested<br />

that savings from residential<br />

care, as an intervention,<br />

likely will not<br />

come from reductions<br />

<strong>of</strong> nursing home expenditures,<br />

but, rather, they<br />

will come from either<br />

reductions in home care<br />

expenditures or from<br />

health care utilization.<br />

Off and on over these past five years a<br />

few <strong>of</strong> us in gerontology have discussed<br />

the possibility <strong>of</strong> a long-term care administration<br />

program in nursing curricula.<br />

One <strong>of</strong> its functions would be to train licensed<br />

nursing home and residential care<br />

administrators, and mid-level executives<br />

for long-term care corporations. In pursuing<br />

these ideas we have had meetings with<br />

the major trade associations in <strong>California</strong><br />

seeking their advice and support for such<br />

an endeavor. The need for such a program<br />

and nurse expertise is there. So is the interest<br />

in collaborating.<br />

Finally, looking back on my career, as<br />

preparing this talk has required, I’m<br />

struck by the metaphor <strong>of</strong> a salmon returning<br />

to its place <strong>of</strong> origin. For me, reengagement<br />

with residential care is returning<br />

to my core involvement with longterm<br />

care. I’ve been toughened and tested<br />

by a career swimming with sharks, but<br />

these final next few years <strong>of</strong> research I<br />

trust will be my most challenging and rewarding.<br />

I recognize, and hope you do too,<br />

that consumer demand for varied forms <strong>of</strong><br />

assisted living is here and growing. There<br />

remains much to learn about how to deliver<br />

and finance appropriate levels <strong>of</strong><br />

care. The research, policy, and education<br />

questions are bountiful as are the opportunities<br />

to make a difference.<br />

References<br />

Bedney, B., Carrillo, H., Studer, L., Swan, J. &<br />

Harrington, C. (1996). 1995 State Data<br />

Book on Long Term Care Program and Market<br />

Characteristics. Baltimore, MD: Health<br />

Care Financing Administration.<br />

Hawes, C., Mor, V., Wildfire, J., Iannacchione,<br />

V., Lux, L., Green, R., Greene, A., Wilcox,<br />

V., Spore, D. & Phillips, C. (1995). An<br />

Analysis <strong>of</strong> the Effect <strong>of</strong> Regulation on the<br />

Quality <strong>of</strong> Care in Board and Care Homes:<br />

Executive Summary. Research Triangle<br />

Park, North Carolina: Research Triangle<br />

Institute.<br />

Hawes, C., Rose & Phillips, C. (1999). A national<br />

study <strong>of</strong> assisted living for the frail<br />

elderly: Executive summary. Results <strong>of</strong> a<br />

national survey <strong>of</strong> facilities. Washington,<br />

DC: Office <strong>of</strong> the Assistant Secretary for<br />

Planning and Evaluation, Department <strong>of</strong><br />

Health & Human Services.<br />

Hawes, C., Wildfire, J. & Lux, L. (1993). The regulation<br />

<strong>of</strong> board and care homes: Results <strong>of</strong> a<br />

survey in the 50 states and the District <strong>of</strong> Columbia.<br />

State summaries. Washington, DC:<br />

American Association <strong>of</strong> Retired Persons.<br />

Mollica, R. (2000). State Assisted Living Policy<br />

2000. Portland, ME: National Academy for<br />

State Health Policy. Newcomer, R., Breuer,<br />

W., & Zhang, X. (1994)<br />

Residents and the Appropriateness <strong>of</strong> Placement<br />

in Residential Care for the Elderly: A 1993<br />

Survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>California</strong> RCFE Operators and<br />

Residents. <strong>San</strong> Francisco: Institute for<br />

Health & Aging, <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>California</strong>.<br />

Newcomer, R. & Grant, L.A. (1989). Residential<br />

Care Facilities: Understanding their Role<br />

and Improving their Effectiveness. In D.<br />

Tilson (Ed.) Aging in Place: Supporting the<br />

frail elderly in residential environments<br />

(pp. 101-124). Glenview, IL: Scott,<br />

Foresman, and Company.<br />

Newcomer, R., Lee, P. & Wilson, K. (1996). Residential<br />

care for the frail elderly: State innovations<br />

in placement, financing, and governance.<br />

In R. Newcomer & A. Wilkinson<br />

(Eds.), Annual Review <strong>of</strong> Gerontology and<br />

Geriatrics, Volume 16. New York: Springer<br />

Publishing Company, pp. 162-182.<br />

Newcomer, R. & Preston, S. (1994). Relationship<br />

between acute care and nursing unit use in<br />

two continuing care retirement communities.<br />

Research on Aging, 16(3):280-300.<br />

Newcomer, R., Preston, S. & Roderick, S. (1995).<br />

Assisted living and nursing unit use among<br />

continuing care retirement community residents.<br />

Research on Aging, 17(2): 149-167<br />

Newcomer, R., Swan, J., Karon, S., Bigelow, W.,<br />

Harrington, C. & Zimmerman, D. (2001).<br />

Residential care supply and the cognitive<br />

and physical problem case mix in nursing<br />

homes. Journal <strong>of</strong> Aging and Health,<br />

13(2):217-247.<br />

Spector, W., Reschovsky, J. & Cohen, J. (1996).<br />

Appropriate placement <strong>of</strong> nursing homes<br />

residents in lower levels <strong>of</strong> care. Milbank<br />

Quarterly, 74(1) :139.<br />

Swan, J & Newcomer, R. (2000). A simulation <strong>of</strong><br />

the effects <strong>of</strong> nursing home licensing policy<br />

and residential care supply on nursing<br />

home case mix in four states. Health Care<br />

Financing Review 21(3):203-30.<br />

US General Accounting Office (US GAO).<br />

(1997) Long Term Care: Consumer Protection<br />

and Quality-<strong>of</strong>-Care Issues in Assisted<br />

Living. Washington, DC: US General Accounting<br />

Office (GAO/HEHS 97-593)<br />

US General Accounting Office, (1999) Assisted<br />

Living: Quality-<strong>of</strong>-Care and Consumer<br />

Protection Issues for Four States.<br />

April. GAO HEHS-99-27

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