Children with Disabilities

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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................. ii FOREWORD Anthony Lake, Executive Director, UNICEF .............................. iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 From exclusion to inclusion ........................................................ 1 On the numbers ............................................................................ 3 A framework for action ............................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION ................... 11 Changing attitudes ..................................................................... 12 It’s about ability .......................................................................... 13 Supporting children and their families .................................... 13 Community-based rehabilitation .............................................. 16 Assistive technology .................................................................. 18 Universal design ......................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 3 A STRONG FOUNDATION ...................................... 23 Inclusive health ........................................................................... 23 Immunization .............................................................................. 23 Nutrition ...................................................................................... 24 Water, sanitation and hygiene ................................................... 25 Sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS ........................ 26 Early detection and intervention ............................................... 26 Inclusive education .................................................................... 27 Starting early .............................................................................. 29 Working with teachers ............................................................... 32 Involving parents, communities and children ........................ 33 Lines of responsibility ................................................................ 36 iv THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2013: Children with Disabilities CHAPTER 4 ESSENTIALS OF PROTECTION ........................... 41 Abuse and violence .................................................................... 41 Institutions and inappropriate care .......................................... 42 Inclusive justice .......................................................................... 43 CHAPTER 5 HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE ............................... 49 CHAPTER 6 MEASURING CHILD DISABILITY ....................... 63 Evolving definitions ................................................................... 63 Putting disability in context ..................................................... 64 Data collection ............................................................................ 65 Questionnaire design ................................................................. 66 Purpose and consequences ....................................................... 67 A way forward ............................................................................ 68 CHAPTER 7 AN AGENDA FOR ACTION .................................... 75 Ratify and implement the Conventions ................................... 75 Fight discrimination ................................................................... 75 Dismantle barriers to inclusion ................................................. 77 End institutionalization ............................................................. 80 Support families ......................................................................... 81 Move beyond minimum standards .......................................... 81 Coordinate services to support the child ................................ 81 Involve children with disabilities in making decisions ........... 84 Global promise, local test ......................................................... 85
FOCUS Violence against children with disabilities .............................. 44 Risk, resilience and inclusive humanitarian action ................. 52 Explosive remnants of war ....................................................... 54 Lessons learned .......................................................................... 69 From screening to assessment ................................................. 70 PERSPECTIVE From pioneer to advocate for inclusion Nancy Maguire ............................................................................. 4 Living with albinism, discrimination and superstition Michael Hosea .............................................................................. 6 I want good memories Nicolae Poraico ............................................................................. 8 For deaf young people, language is the key Krishneer Sen ............................................................................. 20 My son Hanif Mohammad Absar ..................................................................... 30 The new normal Claire Halford .............................................................................. 34 Adjusting, adapting and empowering Yahia J. Elziq ............................................................................... 38 Segregation and abuse in institutions Eric Rosenthal and Laurie Ahern .............................................. 46 One bite of the elephant at a time Chaeli Mycroft ............................................................................. 60 From invisibility to inclusion for indigenous children with disabilities Olga Montufar Contreras ........................................................... 72 Open the doors to education – and employment Ivory Duncan ............................................................................... 78 End the ‘book famine’ with better technology, attitudes and copyright law Kartik Sawhney ........................................................................... 82 Children with disabilities and universal human rights Lenín Voltaire Moreno Garcés ................................................... 86 Additional Focus and Perspective essays are available online at . FIGURES Estimated rates of primary school completion ....................... 12 Community-based rehabilitation .............................................. 16 Assistive technology products .................................................. 19 Children with disabilities and secondary education .............. 42 Last to benefit ............................................................................. 43 Child casualties in countries heavily affected by mines and explosive remnants of war, 2011 ........................... 56 Child casualties in the most affected countries (1999–2011) ................................................................ 57 Child casualties by type of explosive ....................................... 59 Four case studies: Percentage of population reporting some form of disability ............................................. 64 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol: Signatures and ratifications .............. 76 REFERENCES ....................................................................... 88 STATISTICAL TABLES ................................................ 93 Overview ..................................................................................... 94 Under-five mortality rankings ................................................... 99 Table 1. Basic indicators .......................................................... 100 Table 2. Nutrition ...................................................................... 104 Table 3. Health .......................................................................... 108 Table 4. HIV/AIDS ..................................................................... 112 Table 5. Education .................................................................... 116 Table 6. Demographic indicators ............................................ 120 Table 7. Economic indicators .................................................. 124 Table 8. Women ........................................................................ 128 Table 9. Child protection .......................................................... 132 Table 10. The rate of progress ................................................ 136 Table 11. Adolescents .............................................................. 140 Table 12. Disparities by residence .......................................... 144 Table 13. Disparities by household wealth ............................ 148 Table 14. Early childhood development ................................. 152 A NOTE ON TERMS Conventions, optional protocols, signatures and ratifications ............................................................................... 154 v
Page 1 and 2: THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 3 and 4: THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN
Page 5: FOREWORD Is there a child who does
Page 9 and 10: Rather, each is a sister, brother o
Page 11 and 12: Under the Convention on the Rights
Page 13 and 14: People with disabilities are becomi
Page 15 and 16: Education is the key to stopping th
Page 17 and 18: (continued from p. 3) the right to
Page 19 and 20: FUNDAMENTALS OF INCLUSION Adopting
Page 21 and 22: hierarchy and traditional expectati
Page 23 and 24: to education and health-care servic
Page 25 and 26: An inclusive kindergarten in Nizhny
Page 27 and 28: Assistive technology products Categ
Page 29 and 30: We need to make media more accessib
Page 31 and 32: Inclusive health Under the Conventi
Page 33 and 34: Early childhood stunting, which is
Page 35 and 36: are particularly important. Develop
Page 37 and 38: the needs of all children. In an in
Page 39 and 40: Look at Hanif and you will see that
Page 41 and 42: terms for 20 schools at a time, wit
Page 43 and 44: epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is an
Page 45 and 46: Reading Braille at a school in Ugan
Page 47 and 48: Saja opened my eyes to my own abili
Page 49 and 50: Obtaining protection can be a parti
Page 51 and 52: Independent States, institutionaliz
Page 53 and 54: Children with disabilities are at g
Page 55 and 56: It is much harder to protect childr
Page 57 and 58:
Armed conflict and war affect child
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Explosive remnants of war (ERW) on
Page 61 and 62:
esist, than children without disabi
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Since monitoring began in 1999, the
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Child casualties in the most affect
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Child casualties by type of explosi
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If people with disabilities can’t
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Measuring child disability presents
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Mental Development Scale, 120 canno
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single set of questions for both gr
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FOCUS Lessons learned Since 1995, U
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A strategy for intervention on beha
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Data can be hard to gather: Indigen
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Progress has varied between and wit
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discrimination is vital in reducing
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I would like to be confident that w
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Support families The CRC states tha
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Being visually challenged, I’ve h
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Six-year-old Nemanja (far left) sit
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We [in government] must understand
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33 South African Disability Institu
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106 Mental Disability Rights Intern
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Statistical Tables Economic and soc
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under-five mortality rate (per 1,00
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TABLE 10. THE RATE OF pROGRESS The
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under-five mortality rankings The f
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Countries and areas Under-5 mortali
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Countries and areas Low birthweight
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Countries and areas Low birthweight
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Countries and areas Use of improved
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Countries and areas Use of improved
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Countries and areas Adult HIV preva
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Countries and areas Adult HIV preva
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Countries and areas Youth (15-24 ye
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Countries and areas Youth (15-24 ye
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Countries and areas TABLE 6 dEmOGRA
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Countries and areas Population (tho
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Countries GNI per capita 2011 GDP p
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Countries and areas GNI per capita
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Countries and areas Life Enrolment
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Countries and areas Life Enrolment
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Countries and areas Child labour (%
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Countries and areas Child labour (%
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Countries and areas Population aged
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Countries and areas Population aged
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Countries and areas Birth registrat
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Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Countries and areas Togo 29 27 31 1
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UNICEF Headquarters UNICEF House 3
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Children with Disabilities

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