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Innovations in English language teaching for migrants and refugees

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to generate an <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> words <strong>and</strong> provide a collaborative learn<strong>in</strong>g environment<br />

which encourages risk tak<strong>in</strong>g by EAL pupils.<br />

Valu<strong>in</strong>g home <strong>language</strong>s – Clare Wardman, Judith Bell <strong>and</strong> Emma Sharp<br />

Clare <strong>and</strong> collegues describe the journey taken by Judith <strong>and</strong> Emma, two<br />

monol<strong>in</strong>gual class-teachers <strong>in</strong> north-west Engl<strong>and</strong>, over 18 months as they complete<br />

a postgraduate-level accredited teacher tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g course <strong>and</strong> reflect on the changes<br />

it has brought to their classroom practices. In particular the chapter looks at what<br />

Judith <strong>and</strong> Emma implemented <strong>in</strong> the school as a result: a ‘<strong>language</strong>-buddies’ scheme<br />

<strong>and</strong> a ‘Pashto club’. They describe how this professional development activity<br />

has significantly raised the confidence of the EAL work<strong>for</strong>ce through <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g<br />

underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g of second <strong>language</strong> acquisition <strong>and</strong> associated strategies <strong>for</strong> work<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong> heritage <strong>language</strong>s alongside <strong>English</strong>.<br />

Secondary<br />

Teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> diverse school contexts: the journeys<br />

of three newly-arrived students – Dimitr<strong>in</strong>a Kaneva<br />

In this chapter we meet Dalmar, Toni <strong>and</strong> Rafael, three recently arrived migrant<br />

children at an <strong>in</strong>ner-city secondary school <strong>in</strong> the north-west of Engl<strong>and</strong> cater<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>for</strong> over 900 students aged 11 to 16. EAL pupils comprise nearly 80 per cent of the<br />

school population. Through a detailed account of their stories Dimitr<strong>in</strong>a describes<br />

the multiple models of support used by the school to meet the needs <strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g<br />

styles of students with EAL <strong>and</strong> discusses the impact of extreme diversity on the<br />

organisation of teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g resources at the school.<br />

In search of the highest level of learner engagement: autobiographical<br />

approaches with children <strong>and</strong> adults – D<strong>in</strong>a Mehmedbegović<br />

D<strong>in</strong>a describes her ef<strong>for</strong>ts, as a teacher new to work<strong>in</strong>g with migrant <strong>and</strong> refugee<br />

children, to develop an approach which could engage children at different levels of<br />

<strong>English</strong> proficiency, <strong>and</strong> with different levels of literacy skills <strong>in</strong> any of the <strong>language</strong>s<br />

they use. Although it is widely accepted that good teach<strong>in</strong>g takes as its start<strong>in</strong>g<br />

po<strong>in</strong>t that children <strong>and</strong> adults <strong>in</strong> any classroom are the most valuable resources,<br />

they are often overlooked <strong>and</strong> underutilised <strong>in</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g processes.<br />

All too often curriculum <strong>and</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g appear disconnected <strong>and</strong> irrelevant to<br />

children’s lives. D<strong>in</strong>a explores the use of personal narratives with a Year 7 class<br />

<strong>in</strong> a secondary school <strong>and</strong> encourages others to look <strong>for</strong> ways which will enable<br />

them to exploit autobiographical approaches <strong>for</strong> the benefits of enhanced<br />

participation, achievement <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tercultural competencies.<br />

Curriculum <strong>in</strong>novations <strong>for</strong> students learn<strong>in</strong>g EAL <strong>in</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>stream state<br />

secondary schools: a cross-curricular EAL pedagogy <strong>for</strong> teacher<br />

development – Sara Green<br />

Sara focuses on the professional development needs of teachers <strong>in</strong> secondary<br />

schools through an exploration of content-<strong>language</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegration, def<strong>in</strong>ed as teach<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g subject content <strong>and</strong> <strong>English</strong> <strong>language</strong> at the same time. She describes<br />

content-<strong>language</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegration <strong>in</strong> practice through the development of a range of<br />

content-<strong>language</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrated EAL courses <strong>and</strong> curriculum options <strong>and</strong> argues that<br />

Introduction | 7

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