Ovid, Heroides VII. 1-196

Ovid, Heroides VII. 1-196 

1-20 CD 

accipio, accipere, accipi, acceptum: to take, receive, accept, admit, let in, hear, learn 

Dardănĭdes, -ae, m.: son or descendant of Dardanus; Trojan; Aeneas 

morior, mori, mortuus sum: to die, expire, decay 

Ĕlissa, -ae, f.: = Ἔλισσα, another name (occurring only in poetry) for Dido 

carmen, carminis, n.: song, music, poem, play, prayer, incantation, ritual magic formula 

qui, quae, quod: who, that, which 

lego, legere, legi, lectum: to read, gather, collect 

a, prep. w/abl.: from, by 

nōs, nostrum/-i, nobis, nos, nobis, pers. pron.: we, us 

ultimus, -a, -um, adj.: far, farthest, last 

verbum, -i, n.: a word; plur., words, expressions, language, discourse, conversation 

lego, legere, legi, lectum: to read, gather, collect 

sic, adv.: so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner 

ubi, adv.: when 

Fata, -orum, n.: the Fates 

vŏco, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to call; to call upon, summon, invoke; to call together, convoke 

udus, -a, -um, adj.: wet, moist, damp, humid 

abiectus, -a, -um, adj.: downcast, disheartened, desponding 

in, prep. w/abl.: in, within, on, upon 

herba, -ae, f.: springing vegetation, grass, green stalks or blades 

ad, prep. w/acc.: to, toward; near to, by, at, close by 

vădum, -i, n.: a shallow place in water, a shallow, shoal, ford 

Meander, -i, m.: the Meander, a river of Ionia and Phrygia, famous for its winding course 

concĭno, -ere, -cĭnŭi: to sing; to sing prophetically, prophesy 

albus, -a, -um, adj.: white 

ŏlor, -ōris, m.: a swan 

nĕque or nec, particle: not; and not, also not. 

quĭă, particle: because 

tu, tui, tibi, te, tē, pers. pron.: you. 

noster, -stra, -strum, poss. pron.: our, our own; ours, of us. 

spēro, - āre, -āvi, -ātum: to hope, to look for, trust, expect 

prex, prĕcis, f.: a prayer, request, entreaty 

possum, posse, pŏtŭi: to be able, have power, be possible 

mŏvĕo, -ēre, mōvi, mōtum: to move, stir, set in motion; to shake, disturb 

adlŏquor, adloqui, adlocūtus sum: to speak to, to address 

adversus, -a, -um: in hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious 

mŏvĕo, movēre, mōvi, mōtum: to move, stir, set in motion; to shake, disturb 

iste, ista, istud, demonstr. pron.: that (near to you in place or thought), that of yours 

deus, -i, m.: a god, a deity 

sĕd, conj.: but, yet 

mĕrĭtum, -i, n.: that which one deserves; reward, favor 

et, conj.: and 

fāma, -ae, f.: fame, reputation 

corpus, -ŏris, n.: the body


-que, enclitic conj.: and 

ănĭmus, -i, m.: the rational soul in man, the intellect, mind 


pŭdīcus, -a, -um: modest, chaste, virtuous 

cum, conj.: when, since, although 

măle, adv.: badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly 

perdo, perdere, -dĭdi, -ditum: to destroy, ruin; to squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose 

perdo, perdere, -dĭdi, -ditum: to destroy, ruin; to squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose 

verbum, -i, n.: a word; plur., words, expressions, language, discourse, conversation 

lĕvis, -e, adj.: light in weight, not heavy; small, trivial, unimportant 

sum, esse, fŭi, futurus: to be 

certus, -a, -um: determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed 


ĕo, ire, īvi or ii, itum: to go, to walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass 

tamen, adv.: notwithstanding, nevertheless, for all that, however, yet, still 

mĭser, -ĕra, -ĕrum, adj.: wretched, unfortunate, miserable, pitiable, lamentable 

rĕlinquo, relinquere, -līqui, -lictum: to leave behind, move away from; to leave, abandon 

Dido, -ūs and -ōnis, f.: the celebrated foundress of Carthage, wife of Sichaeus 

atque, conj.: and also, and besides, and even 

īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem, pron.: the same 

ventus, -i, m.: wind 

vēlum, -i, n.: a sail 

fĭdes, -ĕi, f.: faithfulness, credibility, trustworthiness; a promise, assurance 


fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum: to bear, carry, bring 

certus, -a, -um: determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed 


Aenēas, -ae, m.: Aeneas 

cum, prep.+abl.: with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with 

foedus, -ĕris, n.: agreement, treaty, compact, marriage contract 

solvo, solvere, solvi, solūtum: to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart. 

nāvis, -is, f.: a ship, naval vessel 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.: who, what, which 


ubi, adv.: in which place, in what place, where. 

sum, esse, fŭi, futurus: to be, exist, live 

nescĭo, nescire, -īvi or -ĭi, -ītum: not to know, to be ignorant of 

Ītălus, -a, -um, adj.: Italian 

regnum, -i, n.: dominion, sovereignty, rule; kingdom 

sĕquor, sequi, sĕcūtus sum: to follow, to come or go after, to follow after, pursue. 

nĕque or nec, particle: not; and not, also not; nec…nec: neither…nor 

nŏvus, -a, -um, adj.: new, not old, young, fresh, recent 

Carthago, -inis, f.: Carthage 


tu, tui, tibi, tē, tē, pers. pron.: you


cresco, -ere, crēvi, crētum: to rise in height, to rise, grow, increase 

tango, tangere, tĕtĭgi, tactum: to touch, move, affect 

moenĭa, -ĭum, n.: defensive walls, ramparts, bulwarks, city walls 


scēptrum, -i, n.: a royal staff, a scepter; kingdom, rule, dominion, authority 

trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus: to give up, hand over, deliver, transmit, surrender, consign 

summa, -ae, f.: the sum, height, that which is the highest; amount; the whole 

tŭus, -a, -um, poss. pron.: your, yours. 

făcĭo, facere, fēci, factum: to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass 

fŭgĭo, fugere, fūgi, fŭgĭtum: to flee or fly, to take flight, run away 

făcĭo, facere, fēci, factum: to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass 

pĕto, petere, -īvi and -ĭi, -ītum: to seek, desire, entreat 

quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesitum: to look for, seek to gain any thing; to get, acquire, obtain 

per, prep. w/acc.: through, through the midst of, throughout, all over, all along 

orbis, -is, m.: the world, a ring, round surface, disk, hoop, orbit, orb, a circle 

alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj: the other of two, one of two, the other 

quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesitum: to look for, seek to gain any thing; to get, acquire, obtain 

sum, esse, fŭi, futurus: to be, exist, live 

alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: the other of two, one of two, the other 

terra, -ae, f.: earth, land, ground, soil 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pers. pron.: you 

ut, conj.: so that, how, in what way or manner. 

terra, -ae, f.: earth, land, ground, soil 

invĕnĭo, invenire, -vēni, -ventum: to find, meet with 

quis, quid, interrog. pron.: who? what? 

is, ĕa, id, demonstr. pron.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing. 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pers. pron.: you 

trado, tradere, tradidi, traditum: to give up, hand over, deliver, transmit, surrender, consign 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to hold, keep, possess, occupy, enclose, contain 

quis, quid, interrog. pron.: who? what? 

sŭus, -a, -um refl. poss. adj.: of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc 

nōn, adv.: by no means, not at all, the reverse of 

nōtus, -a, -um: known 

arva, -ae, f.: an arable field, cornfield 

tĕnĕo, tenere, tĕnŭi, tentum: to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one's power, possess 

do, dare, dĕdi, dătum: to give away, grant; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer 

alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: the other of two, one of two, the other; another 

ămor, amoris, m.: love 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pers. pron.: you 

rēsto, restare, -stĭti, -stitum: to be left, remain 


alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: the other of two, one of two, the other, another 

Dido, -ūs and -ōnis, f.: the celebrated foundress of Carthage, daughter of the Tyrian king Belus 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.: who, what, which 

-que, enclitic conj.: and


ĭtĕrum, adv.: again, a second time, once more, anew 

fallo, fallere, fĕfelli, falsum: to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint 

alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: the other of two, one of two, the other; another 

do, dare, dĕdi, dătum: to give, grant; bestow, present, confer;offer 

fĭdes, -ĕi, f.: faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief; a promise, assurance 

21-41 LD 

quando, adv. interrog.: when 

sum, esse, fui: to be 

ut, conj.: that 

condo, -ere, condidi, conditum: to build 

instar indecl. noun + gen.: to the likeness of, like 

Carthago, Carthaginis, f.: Carthage 

urbs, urbis, f.: a city 


video, -ēre, vidi, visum: to see 

populus, –i, m.: people 

altus, -a, -um adj.: high, lofty 

ab, prep.+abl.: from 

arx, arcis, f.: castle, citadel 

tuus, -a, -um, posses.adj.: your 

omnis, omne, adj.: all 

ut, conj.: that, so that 

evenio, -ire, eveni, eventum: to fall out, come to pass, happen 

nec, conj.: and not 


tuus, tua, tuum, poss. adj.: your(s) 

vōtum, -i, n.: a vow; goal, desire 

moror, -ari, moratus sum: to delay 

unde, adv.: from which place 


qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.: who 


sic, adv.: so 

amo, -are, -avi, -atum: to love 

uxor, -ōris, f.: wife 


uro, -ere, ussi, ustum: to burn, consume with passion 

ut, adv.: in what way, as, just like 

indūco, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to lead or bring in; spread over 

cēro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum,: to smear with wax 

sulpur, ŭris, n.: brimstone, sulphur 

taeda, taedae, f.: a pitch-pine torch, nuptial torch 

Aenēas, -ae, m.: Aeneas, son of Venus and Anchises, the hero of Virgil's epic poem 

ănĭmus, -i, m.: mind 

nox, noctis, f.: night 


dies, diei, m.: a day



rĕfĕro, rĕferre, rettŭli, rĕlātum: to bear or bring back 

ille, -a, -ud, pron. demonstr.: that, he, she, it, 

quidem, adv.: indeed 

măle, adv.: improperly 

grātus, a, um, adj.: thankful 


ad, prep.+acc.: to 

meus, -a, -um, possess. adj.: my 

munus, -eris, n.: a gift 

surdus, -a, -um, adj.: deaf, inattentive 


qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.: who, what 

si, conj.: if 

non, adv.: not 


stultus, -a, -um, adj.: foolish 

căreo, -ēre, -ui, -ĭtum +abl.: to be free, be without 

vŏlo, velle, volui: to wish 


tamen, conj.: yet 

Aenēas, -ae, m.: Aeneas, son of Venus and Anchises, the hero of Virgil's epic poem 

quamvis, conj.: although 

măle, adv.: badly 

cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatum: to think 

odi, ōdisse: to hate 

sed, conj.: but 

quĕror, -i, questus: to complain, lament 

infīdus, -a, -um, adj.: treacherous 

quĕror, -i, questus: to complain, lament 

pēior, peius, comp. adj.: worse; more passionately 


parco, parcere, peperci, parsum: to be sparing 

Venus, -eris, f.: Venus 

nurus, -us, f.: daughter-in-law 

dūrus, -a, -um, adj.: hard, unfeeling 

amplector, amplecti, amplexus sum: to embrace 

frāter, -tris, m.: brother 

frāter,- tris, m.: brother 

Amor, Amoris, m.: Cupid, god of Love 

castrum, -i, n.: encampment, camp 

mīlĭto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to serve 

ille, -a, -ud, pron. demonstr.: that, he, she, it 

tuus, tua, tuum, poss. pron.: your(s) 

atque, conj.: and also 

egō, mei, mihi, me, me person. pron.: I 

qui, quae, quod, rel.pron.: who 

coepĭo, -ere, coepi, coeptum: to begin 

neque, conj.: not


enim, conj.: certainly 

dēdignor, -āri, -ātus sum: to reject as unworthy, to disdain, scorn, refuse 


mātĕrĭa, -ae, f.: material, substance 

cūra, ae, f.: attention, care, affection 

praebĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to offer 

ille, -a, -ud, pron. demonstr.: that, he, she, it 

meus, -a, -um, possess. pron.,: my, mine 

fallo, -ere, fĕfelli, falsum: to deceive 


iste, ista, istud, pronon. demonstr.: that near to you (in place or thought), that of yours; such 

egō, mei, mihi, me, me, person. pron.: I 

falso, adv.: untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely 

iacto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to throw, cast, hurl; disturb, torment 

ĭmāgo, -ĭnis, f.: idea, image, vision 

māter, -tris, f.: a mother 

ab, prep. +abl..: from 

ingĕnĭum, -ii, n.: nature 

dissideo, -ēre, -ēdi: to disagree; be at variance, remote from; differ, be unlike 

ille, a, ud, pron. demonstr.: he 

suus, sua, suum, possess. adj.: his, her, its own 


lăpis, -ĭdis, m.: stone 


mons, montis, m: a mountain 

innātus, -a, -um, adj.: native 

rūpes, -is, f.: cliff 

altus, -a, -um, adj.: high 

rōbur, -oris, n.: a very hard kind of oak 


saevus, -a, -um, adj.: raging, savage 

prōgigno, -ere, -gĕnŭi, -gĕnĭtum: to beget, bear, bring forth, produce 

fĕra, -ae, f.: a wild animal, wild beast 

aut, conj.: or 

măre, -is, n.: sea 

quālis, -e, adj: of what sort, of such a sort, kind, or nature, such as, as 

video, -ēre, vidi, visum: to see 

ăgĭto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to put into motion, drive; agitate, disturb, toss about 

nunc, adv.: now 

quŏque, conj.: also, too 


quā, adv.: on which side, at or in which place, in what direction, where, by what way 

tamen, conj.: yet 

adversus, -a, -um, adj.: in hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious 

fluctus, -ūs, m.: waves 

eo, ire, ivi, itum: to go 

păro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to prepare


41-60 KH 

quo, adv.: where, whither, to or in which place 

fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum: to flee, to run away, to take flight 

obsto, obstare, obstiti, obstatum: to stand before, oppose, hinder, obstruct 

hiems (hiemps), hiemis, f.: winter, storm, cold 

hiems, hiemis, f.: winter, storm, cold 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, pers. pronoun: I, me 

gratia, -ae, f.: esteem, favor, regard, liking 

prosum, -desse, -fui: to be useful, to benefit 

adspicio, adspicire, adspexi, adspectum: to look to, to behold, to see 

ut, adv.: as, how 

everto, evertere, everti, eversum: to overturn, to turn upside down 

concito, concitare, concitavi, concatum: to excite, to shake, to move violently, to rouse, urge 

eurus, -i, m.: the southeast wind 

aqua, aquae, f.: water 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pronoun: who, which, what, that 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pers. pronoun: you 

malo, malle, malui: to choose, to prefer 

sĭno, -ere, sīvi, sĭtum,: to let, suffer, allow, permit, give leave 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, personal pronoun: I, me 

debeo, debere, debui, debitum: to have, to keep from someone, to owe 

procella, -ae, f.: storm, tempest, violent wind 

iustus, iusta, iustum, adj.: just, upright, righteous 


animus, -i, m.: soul, heart, reason 



unda, -ae, f.: wave, surge 


non, adv.: not, no 



tantum, -i, n.: so much (est tanti (gen. of price): to be worth so much) 

quamvis, adv.: however, although 

mereo, merere, merui: to earn, to serve; deserve, merit 

iniquus, iniqua, iniquum, adj.: unequal, unjust 


pereo, perire, perii, peritum: to perish, vanish, pass away 

dum, conj.: while 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, pers. pronoun: I, me 

per, prep.+ acc.: through, whereby, all over 

fretum, freti, n.: straight, sea, channel 

longus, -a, -um, adj.: long, wide 

fugio, fugire, fugi, fugitum: to flee, to run away, to take flight 

exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitum: to work, employ, keep busy


pretiosus, -a, -um: valuable, precious, costly, extravagant 

odium, odii, n.: hatred 


constans, -antis, adj.: standing firm, firm, unchangeable, constant, immovable, uniform, fixed, stable 

magnus, -a, -um, adj.: great, large; much, abundant, considerable 

si, conj.: if 



careo, carere, carui: to be without, to be free from, to want 



vilis, -e, adj.: cheap, common, base 

morior, mori, mortuus sum: to die 

iam, adv.: now, at this time; presently 


pono, ponire, posui, positum: to put, place, set, lay down; leave off, surrender; abate 

sterno, sternere, stravi, stratum: to spread out, extend 

-que, conj.: and 

aequalis, -e, adj.: equal, like 

unda, -ae, f.: wave 

caeruleus, -a, -um, adj.: dark blue, blue surface of the sea 

Triton, -onis, m.: son of Neptune 

per, prep.+acc.: through, all over 

mare, maris, n.: the sea 

curro, currere, cucurri, cursum: to run, to hasten, move quickly 

equus, equi, m.: a horse 


quoque, conj.: also, too 

cum, prep.+abl.: with 


utinam, adv.: I wish that! If only! 

mutabilis, -e, adj.: changeable, mutable 



nisi, conj.: if not, unless 

duritia, -ae, f.: hardness, harshness 

robor, roboris, n.: a very hard kind of oak tree 

vinco, -ere, vici, victum: to conquer; excell, surpass 


quis, quid, interrog. pronoun: who? which? what?; why? 

quasi, adv.: as if, just as 

nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitum: to be ignorant 

insanus, -a, -um, adj.: mad, insane, raging 

quis, quid, interrog. pronoun: who? which? what?; why? 

aeqor, -oris, n.: even, level surface, calm sea


possum, posse, potui: to be able, capable 

expertus, -a, -um: tried, proved, known by experience 

totiens, adv.: so often, so many times 

tam, adv.: so, as, so much 

malus, -a, -um, adj.: evil, wicked, bad 

credo, credire, credidi, creditum: to trust 


ut, conj.: as, that, just as 

pelagus, -i, n.: the sea 

suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasum: to advise, persuade, urge 

etiam, adv.: also, even 

retinaculum, -i, n.: a halter, rope, bond, cable 

solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum: to loose, to release 

multus, -a, -um, adj.: much, many, great 

tamen, adv.: nevertheless, however, yet 

lātus, -a, -um: broad, wide 

tristis, -e, adj.: sad, sorrowful 

pontus, -i, m.: the sea 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to hold, keep, possess 

nec, conj.: not, and not 

violo, -āre, -avi, -atum: to injure, to outrage, violate 

fides, -ei, f.: faith, belief, credence; trustworthiness, faithfulness 

tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatum: to touch, tempt, test 

aeqor, -oris, n.: even, level surface, calm sea 

prōsum, prōdesse, prōfŭi: to be useful or of use, to do good, benefit, profit 

perfida, -ae, f.: dishonesty, treachery, falsehood 

poena, -ae, f.: punishment, penalty 

exigo, exigere, exegi, exactum: to require, demand 

ille, illa, illud, demonst. pron.: that, he, she, it 

locus, -i, n.: a place, spot 

praecipiuē, adv.: particularly, especially, principally 

cum, conj.: when, as, while; after, since 

laedo, laedere, laesi, laesum: to wound, to hurt, to injure 

amor, -oris, m.: love 

quia, conj.: because 

mater, matris, f.: mother 

amor, -oris, m.: love 

nudus, -a ,-um, adj.: naked, bare 

Cytheriacus, -a, -um, adj.: of Cythera 

edo, edire, edidi, editum: to bring forth, produce 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry; to report, relate 


61-80 KL 

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum: to ruin, destroy; lose


ne conj.: that not; after v. of fearing: that 

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum: to ruin, destroy; lose 

timeo, timere, timui: to fear 

noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitum: to harm 

-ve conj.: or 

noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitum: to harm 

neu conj.: and not 

bibo, bibere, bibi: to drink 

aequoreus, aequorea, aequoreum adj.: of/connected with the sea 

naufragus, naufraga, naufragum adj.: shipwrecked 

hostis, hostis, m.: enemy 


vivo, vivere, vixi, victum: to be alive, live; survive; reside 

precor, precari, precatus sum: to beg 

sic adv.: thus 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pron.: you 

bene, melius, optime adv.: well, better, best 

quam, adv.: than 

funus, funeris, n.: burial, funeral 

perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum: to ruin, destroy 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pron: you sing. 

potius adv: rather 

letum, leti, n.: death 

causa, causae, f.: cause 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear; to report, relate, make known 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pron.: I 

fingo, fingere, finxi, fictum: to touch; to imagine, conceive, think, suppose 

ago, agere, egi, actum: to drive; come 


rapidus, rapida, rapidum adj.: rapid 

nullus, -a, -um adj.: no, none 

sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be 

in prep.+abl.: in 

omen, ominis, n.: omen 

pondus, ponderis, n.: weight 

turbo, turbinis, m.: that which whirls; whirlwind, storm 

deprendo, deprendere, deprendi, deprensum: to seize 

quis, quid, interrog. pron.: who?, which?, what? 


mens, mentis, f.: mind 


protinus adv: straight on, immediately 

occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursum: to meet 

falsus, falsa, falsum, adj: lying 

periurium, periurii, n.: false oath


lingua, linguae, f.: tongue 

et conj: and 

Phrygius, -a, -um, adj.: Trojan 

Dido, Didonis f.: Dido 

fraus, fraudis, f.: fraud, deceit; cheater, deceiver 

cogo, -ere, coegi, coactum: to compel, 

morior, mori, mortuus sum: to die 

coniunx, coniugis, f.: spouse, wife 

ante prep.+acc.: before 

oculus, oculi, m.: eye 

decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptum: to cheat, deceive, beguile 

sto, stare, steti, statum: to stand 

imago, imaginis, f.: ghost, shade; image 

tristis, triste, adj: sad 

et conj: and 

effusus, -a, -um: relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled 

sanguinolentus, sanguinolenta, sanguinolentum, adj.: bloody 

coma, comae, f.: hair 

quisquis, quicquid rel. pron: whosoever, whatever 

is, ea, id pron.: he/she/it/they 


totus, tota, totum adj.: whole, complete 

mereo, merere, merui, meritum: to earn, merit, deserve 

concedo, concedere, concessi, concessum: to depart, retire, withdraw, remove from 

dico, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say 

qui, quae, quod, pron: who, which, what 

-que enclitic conj.: and 

cado, cadere, cecidi, casum: to fall 

in prep.+acc.: into, on to, against 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pron.: you 

fulmen, fulminis, n.: lightning, thunderbolt 

mitto, mittere, misi, missum: to send 

puto, putare, putavi, putatum: to think 

do, dare, dedi, datum: to give 

brevis, breve, adj.: short, brief 

saevitia, saevitiae, f.: rage; savageness, cruelty 

spatium, spatii, n.: space 

pelagus, pelagi, n.: sea 


tuus, -a, -um, possessive adj.: your 


grandis, grande, adj: great, large 

mora, morae f: delay 

pretium, pretii n.: price; reward 

tutus, -a, -um: safe


futurus, -a, um: future 

via, viae, f.: road 


nec conj.: nor 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pron.: I 


cura, curae, f.: concern, care 

puer, pueri, m.: boy 

parco, parcere, peperci: to spare 

Iulus, Iuli, m.: Iulus 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pron: you 

satis adj.: enough 


titulus, tituli, m.: title; inscription, epitaph 

mors, mortis, f.: death 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have 

meus, mea, meum adj.: my 

quis, quid interrog. pron: who? which? what? 

puer, pueri, m.: boy 

Ascanius, Ascanii, m.: Ascanius 

quis, quid interrog. pron: who? which? what? 

deus, dei, m.: god 

mereo, merere, merui, meritus: to earn, merit, deserve 

Penates, Penatium, m.pl.: household gods 

ignis, ignis, m.: fire 

eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptum: to snatch (away) 

obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutum: to cover over, sink 

unda, undae, f.: wave 


sed conj.: but 

neque conj.: and not, nor; neque…nec: neither…nor 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bring 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pron: you 

-cum enclitic prep.+ abl.: with 

nec conj.: nor; neque…nec: neither…nor 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron: who, which, that 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pron: I 

perfidus, perfida, perfidum adj.: faithless 

iacto, -are, -avi, -atum: to say, boast of 

premo, premere, pressi, pressum: to press, bear down on 

umerus, umeri, m.: shoulder 

sacer, sacra, sacrum adj.: sacred 

pater, patris, m.: father 

tuus, -a, -um possessive adj.: your


81-100 ML 

omnia, -ium, n.pl.: all things 

mentior, -iri, -itus sum: to lie, invent, cheat 

neque, conj.: and not, nor, neither 

enim, conj.: for, namely, truly, in fact 

tuus, -a, -um, adj.: your, yours 

fallo, -ere, fefelli, falsum: to decieve, trick, cheat 

lingua, -ae, f.: the tongue, speech, language 

incipio, -ere, incepi, inceptum: to begin, start, undertake 

a, ab, prep.+abl.: from, away from; 

nos, nostri/nostrum, nobis, nos, nobis, pron.: we, us 

primus, -a, -um, adj.: first 


plecto, -ere, plexi, plexum: to twist, bend, weave (plector: I am punished, beaten) 

ego, pron.: I, me 

si, conj.: if 

quaero, -ere, -sivi, -itum: to seek, search, ask, demand 

ubi, adv.: where? 


formosus, -a, -um, adj.: beautiful, handsome, finely formed 

mater, matris, f.: mother 

Iulus, -i, m.: Iulus 

occido, -ere, -cidi, -casum: to fall, perish, die 

a, ab, prep.+abl.: by 

durus, -a, -um, adj.: hard, harsh, unfeeling 

solus, -a, -um, adj.: alone 

relinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictum: to leave behind, leave, move away from, abandon 

vir, viri, m.: man 

hic, haec, hoc, adj.: this 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, pron.: I, me 

narro, -are, -avi, -atum: to tell, relate, narrate, report 



moveo, -ere, movi, motum: to move, stir, shake 

mereo, -ere, -ui, -itum: to deserve, merit, be worthy of 

uro, urere, ussi, ustum: to burn 

minor, minus, comp. adj.: less, smaller 

culpa, -ae, f.: crime, fault, blame 


futurus, -a, -um, adj.: future 

meus, -a, -um, adj.: my, mine



nec, conj.: and not, nor, neither 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pron.: I, me 

mens, mentis, f.: the mind, disposition, the heart, soul 

dubius, -a, -um, adj.: doubting, uncertain, wavering, irresolute 


quin, rel. particle.: but that, 


tuus, -a, -um, adj.: your, yours 

numen, numinis, n.: divine will, divinity, god 

damno, -are, -avi, atum: to condemn, declare guilty, disapprove, reject 

per, prep.+acc.: through, throughout, all over 

mare, -is, n.: the sea, ocean 

per, prep.+acc.: through, throughout, all over 

terra, -ae, f.: earth, land, ground 

septimus, -a, -um, adj.: seventh 

iacto, -are, -avi, atum: to throw, cast, hurl 

hiemps, -emis, f.: the winter, winter time 

fluctus, -us, m.: a flowing, waving; wave 

eicio, -ere, ieci, iectum: to cast, thrust, throw, drive out 

tutus, -a, -um, adj.: safe, prudent, secure 

statio, -onis, f.: a standing, a standing still; a station, post, an abode, residence 

recipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum: to recover, receive, take in 

vix, adv.: with difficulty, barely, hardly, scarcely 

-que, enclitic conj: and 

bene, adv.: well 

audio, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to hear, to percieve 

nomen, -inis, n.: name 

regnum, -i, n.: kingdom, royal authority, dominion, rule, authority 



tamen, adv.: nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, yet 

officium, -ii, n.: a service, a favor, courtesy 

utinam, adv.: oh that! I wish that! If only! Would to heaven! 

contentus, -a, -um: satisfying one's self with, contented, satisfied, content 




concubitus, -us, m.: a lying together; copulation 

fama, -ae, f.: the talk of the multitude, rumor, report, saying 

sepelio, -ire, -pelivi, -pultum: to bury, inter



ille, illa, illud, pron.: that; he, she, it 

dies, -ei, f.: a day 

noceo, -ere, -cui, -citum: to do harm, inflict injury 

qui, quae, quod, pron.: who, what, which 

nos, nostrum/-i, nobis, nos, nobis, pron.: we, us 

declivis, -e, adj.: inclining downwards, sloping 

sub, prep.+acc.: under, below 

antrum, -i, n.: a cave, cavern, grotto 

caeruleus, -a, -um, adj.: dark colored, dark blue, dark green, azure 

sŭbĭtus, -a, -um: that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected 

compello, -ere, compuli, compulsum: to drive together, force, compel, round up 

imber, imbris, m.: shower, rain, storm 

aqua, -ae, f.: water 

audio, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to hear, to percieve 

vox, vocis, f.: a voice, sound, tone 

nympha, -ae, f.: a nymph, demi-goddess 

ululo, -are, -avi, -atum: to howl, yell, shriek 

puto, -are, -avi, -atum: to think 

Eumenides, -um, f.pl.: The Furies 

fatum, -i, m.: an utterance, that which is said, an oracle; fate 

signum, -i, n.: a mark, token, sign, indication 


meus, -a, -um, adj.: my, mine 

exigo, -ere, -egi, -actum: to drive out/forth, to thrust out, take out 

laedo, -ere, laesi, laesum: to hurt, wound, injure 

pudor, -oris, m.: shame, modesty, decency 


violo, -are, -avi, -atum: to treat with violence, to injure, dishonor, outrage 

Sychaeus, -i, m.: Sychaeus, husband of Dido 

ad, prep.+acc.: to, toward 

qui, quae, quod, pron.: who, what, which 

me miseram: miserable me! 

plenus, -a, -um, adj.: full of, filled 

pudor, -oris, m.: shame, modesty, decency 

eo, ire, ii, itum: to go 



marmoreus, -a, -um, adj.: made or consisting of marble 

sacro, -are, -avi, -atum: to declare or set apart as sacred, consecrate, dedicate 

in, prep.+abl.: in 

aedes, aedis, n.: temple, shrine


Sychaeus, -i, m.: Sychaeus, husband of Dido 

oppositus, -a, -um, adj.: placed or standing against or opposite, lying over against 

frons, frondis, f.: a leafy branch, foliage 

vellus, -eris, n.: wool shorn off, a fleece 

-que, enclitic conj: and 

albus, -a, -um, adj.: white 

tego, -ere, texi, tectum: to cover 

101-120 AO 

hinc, adv.: from this place 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me: I, me 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me: me, myself 

sentio, -ire, -si, -sum: to feel 

nosco, -ere, novi, notum: to come to know 

quater, adv.: four times 

os, oris, n.: mouth 

cito, citare, citavi, citatum: to summon 

ipse, -a, -um: himself, herself, itself 

sonus, -i, m.: a sound 

tenuis, -e, adj: feeble 

dico, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say 

Elissa, Elissae, f.: Dido 

venio, venire, veni, ventum: to come 

nullus, nulla, nullum, adj.: none 

mora, -ae, f.: delay 


venio, venire, veni, ventus: to come 

venio, venire, veni, ventus: to come 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te: you 

dēbĕo, -ēre, -ui-itum: to be indebted, obliged, under obligation 

coniunx, -is, n.: spouse, wife 


tamen: yet 

admissum, -i, n.: a wrong done, a trespass, fault, crime 

tardus, -a, -um: slow 

pudor, -is, m.: shame 

meus, -a, -um poss. adj.: my 


venia, -ae, f.: kindness, pardon, forgiveness 

culpa, -ae, f.: blame, crime, fault, failure 

decipio, decipere, decepi, deceptum: to deceive 

idoneus, -a, -um: proper; becoming; capable 

auctor, -is, n.: authority, author, originator, artist, performer, contriver 

invidia, -ae, f.: ill-will


noxa, noxae, f.: punishment; hurt, harm, injury 

detraho, detrahere, detraxi, detractum: to drag, take away, remove 

ille, -a, -ud: that 

meus, -a, -um: my 

divus, -a, -um: divine 

părens, -entis, m./f.: parent, mother, father 

senior, -is, comp. adj.: old, aged, advanced in years 


pater, -is, m: father 

piua, -a, -um: affectionate, tender, kind, good 

sarcina, -ae, f.: pack, weight, burden 

natus, -i, m.: son 

spes, -ei, f.: hope 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me: I, me 

maneo, manere, mansi, mansum: to remain, stay 

rite, adv.: duly, rightly 


vir, viri, m.: man, husband 

si: conj.: if 


erro, errare, erravi, erratum: to wander; err, make a mistake 

causa, -ae, f.: cause 


error, -oris, m.: error, mistake 

hŏnestus, -a, -um: honorable, respectable, worthy 

addo, addere, addidi, additum: to add 

fides, -ei, f.: faith 

nullus, -a, -um, adj.: no 

parts, partis, f.: part 

piget, pigere, pigitum est: it disgusts, shames 


duro, durare, duravi, duratum: to harden; endure, last 

in, prep+acc.: into 

extremum, -i, n.: limit, end 

vita, -ae, f.: life 


novissimus, -a, -um, adj.: utmost, latest, last 

noster, -a, -um, adj.: our 

prosequor, prosequi, prosectus sum: pursue 

fatum, -i, n: destiny 

qui, quae, quod: who, what, which 


ante adv.: before 

tenor, -is, m.: course 

occido, occidere, occidi, occasum: to fall


Herceus, -a, -um: refers to Jupiter as protector of household 

coniunx, coniugis, m.: spouse, husband 

macto, mactare, mactavi, mactatum: to sacrifice, slaughter, put to death 

ad prep. + acc.: to, at 

ara, -ae, f.: altar 


scelus, sceleris, n.: crime 

tantus, -a, -um, adj.: of such size 

praemium, -i, n.: prize 

frater, fratris, m.: brother 


exul, -is, m./f: banished person, exile 

ago, agere, egi, actum: to drive 

cinis, -eris, m.: ashes 

que, conj.: and 

vir, -i, m.: man, husband 

patria, -ae, f.: country 


relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictum: to abandon 


fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bring, carry 

in, prep.+acc.: into 

durus, -a, -um, adj.: harsh, rough, adverse 

hostis, -is, m.: enemy 

sequor, sequi, secutus sum, dep.: to follow 

via, -ae, f.: journey 

adplico, adplicare, adplicui, adplicitum: to drive, direct, steer, or bring a ship anywhere, to land 

ignotus, -a, -um: unknown 

frater, fratris, m.: brother 


elabor, elabi, elapsus sum, dep.: to escape 

fretum, -i, n.: sea 


qui, quae, quod: who, what, which 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te: you 

dono, donare, donavi, donatum: to give 

perfidus, -a, -um, adj.: faithless 

litus, litoris, n.: shore 

emo, emere, emi, emptus: to obtain, buy, purchase 

urbs, -is, f.: city 

constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutum: to set up, found, establish 

lātē, adv.: broadly, widely, extensively 


pateo, patere, patui: to extend 

figo, figere, fixi, fixum: to fix, fasten, drive or thrust in, attach, affix


moenĭa, -ĭum, n.: city walls, ramparts 

finitimus, -a, -um adj.: neighboring 

invidiosus, -a, -um, adj.: arousing envy 

locus, -i, m.: region 

121-140 MO 

bellum, -i, n.: war 

tumeo, -ere, -ui: to swell; to be excited, violent, ready to burst forth 

bellum, -i, n.: war 

peregrinus, -a, -um adj.: that comes from foreign parts, strange, foreign, exotic 


fēmĭna, -ae, f.: a female, woman 

tempto, -are, -avi, -atum: to try the strength of, make an attempt upon, i. e. to attack, assail 

vix, adv.: with difficulty 


rŭdis, e, adj.: unwrought, untilled, unformed, unused, rough, raw, wild 

porta, -ae, f.: a city-gate, a gate 

urbs, urbis, f.: a walled town, a city 


arma, -ōrum, n.: defensive armor, what is fitted to the body for its protection 

păro, -āre, -avi, -atum: to prepare, furnish, or get ready 

mille, milia, adj.: a thousand, thousands 

procus, -i, m.: a wooer, suitor 

plăcĕo, -cere, -cŭi, -cĭtum: to please, to be pleasing, or agreeable, to be acceptable 

qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pers. pron.: I, me 

coeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to go or come together; to copulate; to marry 

queror, queri, questus sum: to complain, lament, bewail 

nescĭo, -ire, -īvi, -ītum: not to know, to be ignorant 


thălămus, -i, m.: an inner room, chamber, apartment; marriage bed; marriage 

praepōno, -ponere, -pŏsui, -pŏsĭtum: to place at the head of; to set before or above, to prefer 

suus, -a, -um, reflex. possess. adj.: his own, her own, its own; their own 

quis, quid interrog. pron.: who? which? what? why? 

dŭbĭto, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to be uncertain, to be in doubt, to doubt; hesitate 

vincĭo, vincire, vinxi, vinctum: to bind; to fetter, tie, fasten; to surround, encircle 

Gaetulus, -a, -um, adj.: Gaetulian, African 

trado, -dere, -didi, -ditum: to give up, hand over, deliver, transmit, surrender, consign 

Iarba, -ae, m.: Iarbas, the king of Mauritania in North Africa 

praebĕo, -ere, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to hold forth, reach out, proffer, offer 

scĕlus, -ĕris, n.: an evil deed; a wicked, heinous, or impious action; a crime, sin, wickedness 

bracchĭum, -ii, n.: the arm, forearm


noster, -stra, -strum, adj. poss.: our, our own, ours, of us 

tuus, -a, -um adj. poss.: thy, thine, your, yours 

sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be, to exist 

etiam, conj.: and also, and furthermore, also, likewise, besides 

frāter, -tris, m.: a brother 


mănus, -ūs, f.: a hand 

impĭus, -a, -um, adj.: irreverent, ungodly, undutiful, unpatriotic, abandoned, wicked, impious 

posco, poscere, pŏposci: to ask for urgently, to beg, demand, request, desire 

rēspergo, -gere, -si, -sum: to sprinkle over, to besprinkle, bestrew 

noster, stra, strum, adj. poss.: our, our own, ours, of us 

spargo, -gere, -si, -sum: to sprinkle, spatter, wet; to bespatter, bedew, moisten 

crŭor, -ōris, m.: blood, a stream of blood 

vĭr, vĭri, m.: a male person, man, husband 

pōno, ponere, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum: to put or set down, to place or lay, set aside 

dĕus, -i, m.: a god, a deity 



tango, tangere, tĕtĭgi, tactum: to touch 

sacer, sacra, sacrum, adj.: dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred 

prōfāno, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to render unholy, deprive of sanctity, to unhallow, desecrate, profane 


bene, adv.: well 

caelestis, -e, adj.: pertaining to heaven or the heavens, celestial, heavenly; subst. pl.: the gods 

impĭus, -a, -um, adj.: irreverent, ungodly, undutiful, unpatriotic, abandoned, wicked, impious 

dextra, -ae, f.: the right hand 

cŏlo, colere, colŭi, cultum: to cultivate, till, tend; worship, honor, revere 

si, conj.: if 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pers. pron.: you, yourself 

cultor, -ōris, m.: one who bestows care or labor upon a thing, a supporter, worshipper 


ēlābor, -bi, elapsus: to slip or glide away, to fall out, get off, escape 

ignis, -is, m.: fire 


paenĭtĕo, -ere, -ui, paeniturus: to cause to repent, to displease; impers.: it grieves 

ēlābor, -bi, elapsus: to slip or glide away, to fall out, get off, escape 

ignis, -is, m.: fire 


dĕus, -i, m.: a god, a deity 

forsitan adv.: perhaps 

et, conj.: and


grăvĭdus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant, with child, with young 

Dido, -us, f.: daughter of Tyrian king Belus, and foundress and queen of Carthage 

scĕlĕrātus, -a, -um: polluted, profaned by crime. 

rĕlinquo, -linquere, -līqui, -lictum: to leave behind, move away from; to leave, abandon 


pars, partis, f.: a part, piece, portion, share 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te personal pron.: you, yourself 

lătĕo, -ere, -ŭi: to lurk, lie hid or concealed, to skulk 

corpus, -ŏris, n.: a body 

claudo, -dere, -si, -sum: to shut something that is open, to close, shut up 

mĕus, -a, -um, possess. adj.: my, mine, belonging to me, my own 

accēdo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum: to go or come to or near, to approach; enter upon, undertake 

fātum, -i, n.: a prophetic declaration, oracle, prediction, that which is ordained, fate 

māter, -tris, f.: a mother 

mĭsĕrābĭlis, -e, adj.: worthy of pity, pitiable, miserable, deplorable, lamentable, wretched, sad 

infans, -antis, m/f.: infant 


nondum, adv.: not yet 

nātus, -i, m.: son 

funus, -eris, n.: a funeral procession, funeral rites, burial, funeral 

auctor, -oris, m.: originator, author, creator, producer, leader, supporter 


cum prep.+abl.: with 


parens, -entis, m./f.: a procreator, father or mother, a parent 

suus, -a, -um, poss. adj..: of or belonging to himself, herself, his own, her own, their own 

frāter, -tris, m.: a brother 

mŏrĭor, -i, mortŭus sum: to die 

Iulus, -i, m.: son of Aeneas 

poena, -ae, f.: punishment, penalty, indemnification, compensation, satisfaction, expiation 


cōnecto, -ere, -nexŭi, -nexum: to tie, bind, fasten, join together, connect, entwine, link together 

aufĕro, auferre, abstŭli, ablātum: to take or bear off or away, to carry off, withdraw, remove 

unus, -a, -um, adj.: one, a single 

duo, -ae, -o, adj.: two, both 

sed, conj.: but, yet 

iŭbĕo, iubere, iussi, iussum: to bid, tell, command 

eo, ire, ivi: to go, walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass 

dĕus, i, m.: a god, a deity 

volo, velle, volui: to wish, to want, intend, purpose, propose, be willing, consent, will 

vĕto, -are, -ŭi, -ĭtum: not to permit, to advise against, oppose, forbid, prohibit


adeo, adire, -ivi, -itum: to go to, or approach 

Punicus, -a, -um, adj.: Punic, Carthaginian, in the Carthaginian style 

neque or nec, conj.: not; and not, also not 

Teucrus, -a, -um, adj.: Teucrian, Trojan 

prĕmo, premere, pressi, pressum: to press 


hŭmus, -i, f.: the earth, ground, the soil 

141-160 DP 


dux, ducis, m.: leader 

nempe conj.: indeed, certainly 



agito, -āre, -avi, -atum: to drive, conduct 

iniquus, -a, -um adj.: unequal, uneven, unjust; hostile, adverse 


tero, -ere, trivi, tritum: to rub, grind; exhaust 

in prep.+abl.: in 

rabidus, -a, -um adj.: raving, savage 

tempus, -oris, n.: a time 

longus, -a, -um adj.: long 

fretus, -us, n.: a strait, sound, channel; the sea 

Pergama, -orum, n.pl.: the citadel of Troy 

vix adv.: scarcely 

tantus, -a, -um adj.: so great, of such great size 

tu, tibi, tui, te, te pron.: you 


repeto, -ere, -ivi (-ii), -itum: to fall upon, to seek again; to go back to, return to, revisit 

labor, -oris m.: work; labor, toil; hardship, suffering 

Hector, -oris, m.: Hector 

si, conj.: if 

vivus, -a, -um: alive, living 

quantus, -a, -um adj.: how great 



non, adv.: not, no 

patrius, -a, -um adj.: fatherly; paternal, ancestral; belonging to one’s native country 

Simois, -entis (Simoenta- Gk. acc. s.) m.: a small river in Troas that falls into the Scamander 

peto, -ere, -ivi (-ii), -itum: to seek 

sed conj.: but 

Tĭbĕrīnis, -ĭdis, adj. Thybridis(Greek form): of or belonging to the river Tiber, Tiberine 

unda, ae, f.: a wave, surge 

nempe conj.: indeed, certainly


ut conj.: granted that, provided that 

pervenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum: to come to, reach destination 

quō adv.: where 

cupio, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to wish, desire 

hospes, -itis, m.: stranger, foreigner 


ut conj.: as, just as 


lateo, -ēre, -ui: to lurk; lie hidden, be concealed 

vito, -avim -atum: to shun, avoid 


tuus, -a, -um possess. adj.: your, yours 

abstrūsus, -a, -um: hidden, concealed 

carina, -ae, f.: the keel of a ship; ship, vessel 

vix adv.: scarcely 


contingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum: to touch, reach 

terra, -ae, f.: land 

peto, -ere, -ivi (-ii), -itum: to seek 

senex, senis, m.: old man 


potius adv.: rather 

populus, -i, m.: the people 

in prep.+acc.: in 

dos, dotis, f.: a dowry 

ambages, -is, f.: a going round, wandering; circumlocution, evasion, digression; ambiguity 

remitto, -ere, -misi, -missum: to send back; dismiss, remove 

accipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum: to accept 

et conj.: and 

advĕho, -ere, -xi, -ctum:to conduct, carry, convey, bear, bring 

Pygmalion, -onis, m.: Pygmalion, son of Belus, king of Tyre, and brother of Dido, 

ops, opis, f.: power, strength; pl.: riches, wealth, treasure 

Īlĭon, -ĭi, n.: Troy 

in prep.+acc.: in, into 

Tyrius, -a, -um: Tyrian, of the Phoenician city of Tyre: 

transfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum: to bear across; transport, transfer 

fēlix, īcis, adj.: fruitful; lucky, happy, fortunate 

urbs, urbis, f.: a city 

res, rei, f.: a matter, affair 


locus, -i, m.: place, position 

rex, regis, m.: king 

sceptrum, -i, n.: a royal staff, scepter 


sacer, sacra, sacrum adj.: holy, sacred


teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum: to hold 

si conj.: if 


mens, mentis, f.: the mind 

avidus, -a, -um adj.+gen.: longing eagerly for 


belli, bellum, n.: war 

si conj.: if 

quaero, -ere, sivi (-ii), situm: to seek, ask 

Iulus, -i, m.: son of Aeneas 

unde adv.: from which place 

suus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his own, her own, its own; their own 

pario, -ere, peperi, partum: to bring forth; accomplish; procure, acquire 

Mars, Martis, m.: Mars 

triumphus, -i, m.: triumph 

eo, -ire, -ii, itum: to go 

qui, quae, quo, rel pron.: who, what, which 

supero, -āre, -avi, -atum: to rise above; to overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish 

ne, conj.: so that...not; lest 

(ali)quis, (ali)quid indef. pron.: anyone, anything 

desum, -esse, fui: to be absent; be wanting, lacking 

praebeo, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to give, grant, furnish, supply 

hostis, is, m.: a stranger; enemy 


pax, pacis, f.: peace 

lex, lēgis, f.: law 


locus, -i, m.: place 

arma, -orum, n.: armor, weapons 

căpĭo, -ere, cēpi, captum: to take up 


modo adv.: only, merely 

per prep.+acc.: through, by, by means of: 

mater, -tris, f.: mother 

fraternus, -a, -um adj.: brotherly 

tēlum, -i, n.: a weapon, spear, javelin, dart 

sagitta, ae, f.: an arrow 

per prep.+acc.: through; by, by means of: 


fuga, ae, f.: flight 

comes, -itis, m.: a companion 

Dardănus, -a, -um, adj.: Dardanian, Trojan 

săcrum, -i, n.: something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing; pl. sacred rites, religious worship, religion 

deus, -i, m.: god 

sic adv.: thus


supero, -āre, -avi, -atum: to rise above; to overcome, survive 

quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque: whoever, whatever 


de adv.: from 

gens, gentis, f.: a race 

reporto, -āre, -avi, -atum: to bear away, carry off 

Mars, Martis, m.: Mars 

ferus, -a, -um adj.: fierce, savage 


damnum, -i, n.: hurt, damage, injury, loss 


modus, -i, m.: a measure, limit 

ille, -a, -ud pron.: that; he, she, it 


161-178_AV 

Ascanius, -i, m.: Ascanius, son of Aeneas 


suos, -a, -um possess. adj.: his own, her own, its own; their own 

fēlīcĭter adv.: luckily, happily, successfully 

inplĕo, -ēre, -ēvi, -ētum: to fill out, to make out, complete, finish, end 

annus, -i, m.: year 

et conj.: and 

senex, -is, adj.: old, aged 

Anchises, -ae, m.: Anchises, father of Aeneas 

mollĭter, adv.: softly, gently, agreeably 

ŏs, ossis, n.: a bone 

cubo, cubere, cubui, cubitum, to recline or lie (asleep) 

parco, parcere, pĕperci +dat.: to be sparing; spare 

prĕcor, -āri, -ātus sum:, to ask, beg; 

dŏmus, ūs, f.: home 

qui, quae, quod: who, which 

-sui, sibi, se, se, refl.pron. : himself, herself, itself, themselves 


trado, tradere, tradidi, traditum: to give up, hand over, surrender 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have, hold; own, possess 

qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, what, which 

crīmen, -ĭnis, n.: charge, accusation; crime 

dico, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say, tell 

praeter, adv.: except, other than, more than 

amo, amare, amavi, amatum: to love 

meus, -a, -um poss. adj.: my 


ego, mei, mihi, me, me pers. pron.: I


sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be 

Phthīa, -ae, f.: Phthia, birthplace of Achilles 

magnus, -a, -um, adj.: great/large 


ŏrĭor, oriri, ortus sum: to have one's origin or descent, to spring, descend from 

Mycēnae, -ārum, f.: Mycene, home of Agamemnon 


sto, stāre, steti, statum: to stand 

in, prep.+acc.: into, against 


vir, viri, m.: man, husband 

-que, enclitic conj.: and; -que…-que; both…and 

pater, patris, m.: father 


meus, -a, -um possess. adj.: my 

si, conj.: if 

pudet, -ēre, ŭit, or pudĭtum est: one is or feels ashamed, it causes a feeling of shame 

uxor, uxoris, f.: wife 


nūpta, -ae, f.: a married woman, bride, wife 

sed, conj.: but 

hospita, -ae, f.: she who entertains a guest, a hostess 

dico, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say, call 


tuus, -a, -um possess. adj.: your 

sum, esse, fui, futurm: to be 

Dido, -us, f.: Dido, queen of Carthage 

quīlĭbet, quaelibet, quodlibet pron. indef.: whom/what you wil, no matter who/what, any one/thing 

tuus, -a, -um possess. adj.: your 


fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to suffer, tolerate, endure 

nosco, noscere, novi, notum: to come to know 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pers. pron.: I 

fretum, freti, n.: strait/channel; the sea 


Afer, Afra, Afrum, adj.: African 

plango, plangere, planxi, planctum: to strike, beat 

litus, litoris, n.: sea-shore 

tempus, temporis, n.: time, season 

certus, a, um, adj.: determined, certain 

do, dare, dedi, datum: to allow, permit 


nego, negare, negavi, negatum: to deny 

-que, enclitic conj.: and; -que…-que; both…and


via, viae, f.: way, passage 

cum, conj.: when 

do, dare, dedi, datum: to allow, permit 

aura, -ae, f.: a breeze, a wind 

via, viae, f.: way, passage 

praebeo, prabēre, praebui, praebitum: to offer, give 

carbasum, carbusi, n.: fine linen; sail 

ventus, -i, m.: the wind 

nunc, adv.: now 

levis, leve, adj.: light, fickle 

eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectum: to drive a ship to land; to run aground, cast ashore 

contineo, continēre, continui, contentum: to hold together; surround, enclose 

alga, algae, f.: sea-weed 

ratis, ratis, f.: a raft; a bark, boat, vessel 

tempus, temporis, n.: time 


observo, observāre, observavi, observatum: to watch, take note 

mando, mandāre, mandavi, mandatum: to command, order 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pers. pron.: I 

sērus, -a, -um, adj.: late 

eo, ire, ivi, ii: to go 



si, conj.: if 

cupio, cupire, cupivi, cupitum; to desire 

ipse, ipsa, ipsum: himself, herself, itself 

maneo, manēre, mansi, mansum: to stay, remain 

sino, sinere, sivi, situm: to allow, permit 

et conj.: and 

sŏcĭus, -i, m.: comrade, companion, associate 

requies, -etis, f.: rest, relaxation 

posco, poscere, poposci: to beg, demand, desire 

lanio, lanire, lanavi, lanatum: to tear, mangle 


classis, -is, f.: the fleet 

postulo, postulāre, postulavi, postulatum: to ask, demand 

exiguus, -a,- um, adj.: small 

semirefectus, -a, -um, adj.: half-repaired 

mora, morae, f.: delay, hindrance 

pro, prep.+abl.: for, in behalf of 

mĕrĭtum, -i, n.: that which one deserves, desert; reward, recompense 

et conj.: and 

siquis, siqua, siquid: if any 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pers. pron.: you


debeo, debere, debui, debitum: to owe 

ulter,- tra, -trum, adj.: further 

pro, prep.+abl.: for, in behalf of 

spes, spei, f.: hope 

coniugium, coniugii, n.: connection by marriage, marriage, wedlock 

tempus, temporis, n.: time 

parvus, -a,- um, adj.: little, petty 

peto, petere, petivi, petitum: to seek 

179-196_AW 

dum, conj.: while, during the time in which 

fretum, -i, n.: strait, channel; the sea 

mitesco, -ere, -esci, -escum: to become mild or mellow, to grow gentle, tame 

et conj.: and 

amor, amoris m.: love 

dum, conj.: while, during the time in which 

tempus, -oris n.: a portion or period of time, time 

et conj.: and 

usus, -us m.: the use or using of anything 

fortiter adv.: strongly 

edisco, ediscere, edidici: to learn by heart 

tristis, -e adj.: sad 

possum, posse, potui: to be able to 

patior, pati, passus: to bear, support, undergo, suffer, endure 

si conj.: if 

minus, -a, -um adj.: less, smaller; si minus: otherwise 


animus, -i m.: breath, rational soul, the senses, courage 

nos, nostrum, nobis, nos, nobis pers pron: we, us 

effundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum: to pour out, pour forth, shed 

vita, -ae f.: life 

in prep.+acc.: into, against 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pers pron.: I, me 

crudelis, -e adj: morally rude or unfeeling, hard, unmerciful, cruel, severe, fierce 

non adv.: no, not 

possum, posse, potui: to be able to 


diu adv.: a long time, long while, long 

adspicio, -specere, -spexi, -spectum: to look to 

utinam adv.: oh that! I wish that! If only! Would that! 

qui, quae, quod interrog pron.: which, what, who 


scribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum: to write, draw 

imago, -inis f.: an imitation, copy, image, likeness 

scribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum: to write, draw


et conj.: and 

gremium, -ii n.: the lap, bosom 

Trōĭcus, -a, -um, adj.: of or belonging to Troy, Trojan 

ensis, -is m.: a sword, brand 

adsum, -esse, -fui, -futurum: to be at or near, to be present 

per prep.+acc.: whereby, through, throughout, all along 


gena, -ae f.: cheek 

lacrima, -ae f.: tear 

stringo, -ere, -inxi, -ictum: to draw tight, to bind or tie tight 

labor, labori, lapsus sum: to slip, slide, fall, glide down 

in prep.+acc.: onto, against 


qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: which, what, who 

iam adv.: now 

pro prep.+abl.: before, in front of, on behalf of, in place of 

lacrima, -ae f.: tear 

sanguis, -inis m.: blood 

tingo, -ere, -nxi, -nctum: to wet, moisten, bathe 


quam adv.: how 

bene adv.: well, better 

convenio, -ire, -veni- ventum: to come together, meet together, to unite, join, combine, couple 

fatum, -i m.: an utterance, that which is said; fate 

tuus, -a, -um possessive adj.: your, yours 

munus, -eris n.: gift 

noster, -stra, -strum possessive adj.: our, ours 

instruo, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to build in, to erect, construct 

inpensa, -ae, f.: outlay, cost, charge, expense 

noster, -stra, -strum possessive adj.: our, ours 

sepulcrum, -i n.: a burial-place, grave, tomb, sepulchre 

brevis, -e adj.: brief, short, little 

nec conj.: not, nor 

meus, -a, um possessive adj.: my 

nunc adv.: now 

prīmum: at first, first; for the first time 

ferio, -ire: to strike, smite, beat, knock, cut, thrust, hit 

pectus, -oris n.: the breast, the breastbone 

telum, -i n.: a bow, missile, dart, spear 

ille, -a, -ud demonstrative pronoun: that (man, woman, thing), the very, he, she, it 

locus, -i m.: place, spot 

saevus, -a, um adj.: raging, furious, savage, ferocious 

vulnus, -eris n.: wound 

amor, -oris m.: love 

habeo, -ere, ui, -itum: to have, to hold


Anna, -ae f. proper noun: Anna 

soror, -oris f.: sister 

soror , -oris f.: sister 

Anna -ae f. proper noun: Anna 


malus, -a, um adj.: bad 

conscious, -a, um adj.: that knows something in company with others 

culpa, -ae f.: fault, blame 

iam adv.: now 


in prep.+acc.: into, against 

cinis, -eris m.: ashes 

ultĭmus, -a, -um: the uttermost, extreme, last 

dōnum, i, n.:,a gift, present; ultima dona: the last honors, funeral rites, obsequies, 


nec conj.: not, nor 

consumo, -ere, -sumpsi, -sumptum: to take wholly or completely, to eat, consumed 

rogus, -i m.: a funeral pile, funeral pyre 

inscribo, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptum: to inscribe, to write in or upon anything 

Elissa, -ae f. proper name: Elissa or Dido 

Sychaeus, -i m. proper name: Sychaeus, husband of Dido 

hic, haec, hoc demonstrative pronoun: this (man, woman, thing), he, she, it 

tantum adv.: only, alone, merely, but 

in prep.+abl.: on 

tumulus, -i m.: a raised heap of earth; a sepulchral mound, barrow, tumulus 

marmor, -oris n.: marble 

carmen, -inis n.: song 


praebĕo, - ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to give, furnish, supply 

Aenēas, -ae m. proper name: Aeneas 

et conj.: and et…et: both…and 

causa, -ae f.: cause 

mors, mortis f.: death 


ipse, ipsa, ipsud demonstr. pronoun: that (man, woman, thing), he, she, it, himself, herself, itself 

suus, -a, -um possessive adj.: his, her, its own 

Dido, -us f. proper name: Dido, queen of Carthage, wife of Sichaeus 

concīdo, -ere, cīdi, cīsum: to cut down, destroy, kill 

ūtor, ūti, ūsus sum +abl.: to use 

manus, -us f.: hand

Ovid, Heroides VII. 1-196

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