Ovid, Fasti, IV.548-720

Ovid, Fasti, IV.548-720 

IV 548-564_CD 

do, dare, dedi, datum: to give 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pers. pron.: you 

cum, prep. w/abl.: with 

tepidus, -a, -um, adj.: lukewarm 

lac, lactis, n.: milk 

bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitum: to drink 

puer, pueri, m.: boy 

nox, noctis, f.: night 

sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be 

mĕdĭum, -ii, n.: the middle 

placidus, -a, -um, adj.: calm 

-que, enclitic conj.: and 

sĭlentĭum, -ii, n.: a being still or silent, noiselessness, stillness, silence 

somnus, somni, m.: sleep 

Triptŏlĕmus, -i, m.: Triptolemus, a son of Celeus, king of Eleusis and of Metanira; he was the inventor of 

agriculture, and became a judge in the infernal regions 

gremium, -ii, n.: the bosom, lap 

tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum: to lift up, raise up 

ille, illa, illud, demonstr. pron.: that, he, she, it 

suus, -a, -um, poss. pron.: his, her, its own 

ter, adv.: three times 


manus, -us, f.: hand 

pulmulceo, pulmulcere, pulmulsi, pulmulsum: to rub gently, stroke 

is, ea, id, pers. pron.: he, she, it 

tres, tria, num. adj.: three 

carmen, carminis, n.: song, spell 

dico, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say 

carmen, carminis, n.: song, spell 

mortalis, -e, adj.: mortal 

non, adv.: not 

refero, refere, rettuli, relatum: to report, relate 

sŏnus, -i, m.: sound 

in, prep. w/abl.: in, on 


focus, -i, m.: hearth, fireplace 

corpus, corporis, n.: body 

puer, pueri, m.: boy 

vivo, vivere, vixi, victum: to live 

favilla, -ae, f.: hot cinders or ashes, glowing ashes, embers 

obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutum: to cover, bury 

humanus, -a, -um, adj.: human 

purgo, purgare, purgavi, purgatum: to clean, cleanse, purify 

ut, conj.: so that


ignis, ignis, m.: fire 

onus, oneris, n.: burden 

excutio, excutere, excussi, excussum: to shake out 

somnus, -i, m.: sleep 

stultē, adv.: foolishly, sillily 

pius, -a, -um, adj.: good, conscientious, affectionate, tender, kind 

mater, matris, f.: mother 

et, conj.: and 

amens, amentis, adj.: frantic 

quis, quid, interrog. pron.: who, which, what 

facio, facere, feci, factum: to do 

exclamo, exclamare, exclamavi, exclamatum: to cry out 

membrum, -i, n.: limb 


ab, prep. w/abl.: from 

ignis, ignis, m.: fire 

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum: to snatch 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.: who, which, what 

dea, -ae, f.: goddess 

dum, conj.: while 

non, adv.: not 



scelero, scelerare, sceleravi, sceleratum: to pollute, defile 


irrĭtus (inr-), -a, -um: vain, useless, without effect, ineffectual 

maternus, -a, -um, adj.: maternal 


meus, mea, meum, poss. pron.: my, mine 

donum, -i, n.: gift 

metus, -us, m.: fear 

iste, ista, istud, demonstr. pron.: that, that (person or thing) near to you, that of yours 

quidem, adv.: indeed 

mortalis, -e, adj.: mortal 


sed, conj.: but 

primus, -a, -um, adj.: first 

aro, arare, aravi, aratum: to plough 

et, conj.: both 

sero, serere, sevi, satum: to sow 


colo, colere, colui, cultum: to cultivate 

praemium, -ii, n.: profit, reward 

tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum: to lift up; raise 

humus, -i, f.: earth, soil




egredior, egredi, egressus sum: to go beyond, to pass out of, to leave 

nubes, -is, f.: cloud 

traho, trahere, traxi, tractum: to drag along 

in, prep.+acc.: into, to, towards 


draco, dracones, m.: snake, serpent, dragon 

transeo, transere, transivi, transitum: to go over to 


aliger, aligera, aligerum, adj.: winged 

tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum: to lift up; to bear or carry away 

axis, -is, m.: chariot 

Ceres, -eris, f.: Ceres 

Sunium, -i, n.: the highly exposed promontory of Sunium in Attica 

expono, exponere, exposui, expositum: to expose 

Pīraea, -ōrum, n.: the celebrated port of Athens, 5 Roman miles from the city, connected by long walls 

tutus, -a, -um, adj.: safe, secure 

rĕcessus, -ūs, m.: departure 

linquo, linquere, linqui: to leave 


in, prep. w/abl.: on 

dexter, dextra, dextrum, adj.: the right 

qui, quae, quod, pron.: who, which, what 

iaceo, iacere, iacui, iacitum: to lie 

ōra, -ae, f.: shore, coast, seacoast 

latus, lateris, n.: the side 

565-581_LD 

hinc, adv.: from this place, hence 

ĭnĕo, inire, -īvi and ĭi, -ĭtum: to go into, to enter a place 

Aegaeum, -i, n.: Aegean sea 

quō, adv.: where 

Cȳclădes, -um, f.: the Cyclades, islands lying in a circle round Delos, in the Ægean Sea, off the coast of 

the Peloponnesus 

aspĭcĭo, aspicere, aspexi, aspectum: to look to or upon 

omnĭs, e, adj.: all, every 

Ionium, -i, n.: the Ionian Sea, in the west of Greece 


răpax, -ācis, adj.: grasping, rapacious, ravenous 

Īcărĭum, -i, n.: the Icarian Sea, the part of the Ægean Sea named after Icarus 


lĕgo, legere, lēgi, lectum: to pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place 

per, prep. with acc.: through 

-que, enclitic conj.: and


urbs, urbis, f.: a walled city 

Asia, -ae, f.: Asia 

longus, a, um, adj.: long 

pĕto, petere, īvi and ĭi, ītum: to seek 

Hellespontus, -i, m.: the Sea of Helle, the Hellespont, so named after Helle, who was drowned in it 

dīversus (-vorsus), -a, -um: different, diverse, opposite 


locus, loci, m.: a place, spot 

altus, -a, -um: high, lofty, elevated 

pĕrerro, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to wander through, ramble over 

ĭter, ĭtĭnĕris, n.: a going, walk, journey 

nam, conj.: for 

modo, adv.: only; modo ... modo: now ... now, at one moment ... at another, sometimes ... sometimes 

tūrĭlĕgus, -a, -um, adj.: incense gathering 

Ārabs, -ăbis, acc. Gr. Arabas, m.: Arab 

modo, adv.: only; modo ... modo: now ... now, at one moment ... at another, sometimes ... sometimes 

dēspĭcĭo, -ere, -exi, -ectum: to look down upon 

Indi, -ōrum, m.: the inhabitants of India, Indians 

hinc, adv.: from this place, hence; hinc ... hinc: on this side ... on that side, here ... there 

Lĭbys, -yos, adj.: Libyan 

hinc, adv.: from this place, hence; hinc ... hinc: on this side ... on that side, here ... there 

Mĕrŏē, -ēs, f.: a large celebrated island of the Nile 

siccus, -a, -um, adj.: dry 


terra, -ae, f.: land, ground 

subsum, subesse: to be under, among 

nunc, adv.: now 

ădĕo, -ere, -ĭī, -ĭtum: to go to, approach 

Hespĕrĭus, -a, -um, adj.: of or situated towards the west, western, Hesperian 

Rhēnus, -i, m.: The Rhine 

Rhŏdănus, -i, m.: The Rhone 


Pădus, -i, m.: the Po, the principal river of Italy 


tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pers. pron.: you 


fŭtūrus, -a, -um: future 

parens, parentis, m.: parent 

Thybris, -is, m.: the Tiber 

pŏtens, -entis, adj.: able, mighty, powerful, potent 

aqua, aquae, f.: water 

quō, adv.: where 

fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum: to bear, carry 

immensus, a, um, adj.: immeasurable, boundless, endless, vast, immense 

sum, esse, fui: to be


erro, errare, -āvi, -ātum: to wander 


terra, -ae, f.: land, ground 

praetĕrĕo, ire, īvi, itum: to go by, to pass by; leave out, omit, take no notice of 

Cĕrēs, ĕris, f.: the daughter of Saturn and Ops 

nullus, nulla, nullum, adj.: not any, none 

in, prep. with abl.: in, on 

orbis, is, m.: world, globe 

locus, loci, m.: a place, spot 

erro, errare, -āvi, -ātum: to wander 

et, conj.: and; even 

in, prep. with abl.: in 

caelum, caeli, n.: the sky, heavens 

līquĭdus, -a, -um, adj.: flowing 


immunis, -e, adj.+gen.: not sharing or partaking in, free from, devoid of, without any thing 

pons, ntis, m.: a bridge across the river 

adlŏquor, adlŏqui, adlŏcūtus sum: to speak, address 

gĕlĭdus, -a, -um, adj.: icy cold 

proxĭmus, -a, -um, adj.: the nearest, next 

signum, -i, n.: a sign in the heavens, a constellation 

pŏlus, -i, m.: a pole 

Parrhăsis, -ĭdis, f. adj.: Parrhasian; poet. for Arcadian 

stella, -ae, f.: a star 

namque, conj.: for indeed, for truly, for 

omnĭs, -e, adj.: all, every 

nosco, noscere, nōvi, nōtum: to become acquainted with 

possum, posse, pŏtŭi: to be able 

aequŏrĕus, -a, -um, adj.: of or pertaining to the sea 

numquam, adv.: at no time, never 

cum, conj.: since 

sŭbĕo, -īre, -ĭi, -ĭtum: to go down, sink 

ăqua, -ae, f.: water 

Persĕphŏnē, -ēs, f.: Persephone 

nāta, -ae, f.: daughter 

mĭser, -ĕra, -ĕrum, adj.: wretched, unfortunate, miserable 

monstro, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to show, point out 

părens, -entis, f.: parent, mother 

dīco, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak 

hīc, haec, hōc, pron. demonstr.: this 

Hĕlĭcē, -ēs, f.: the constellation of the Great Bear 

tālis, -e, adj.: such of a kind, nature, quality 

verbum, -i, n.: a word 

rĕfĕro, referre, rettŭli, rĕlātum: to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply 

crīmen, -ĭnis, n.: a charge, accusation, reproach; fault, blame



văcŭus, -a, -um, adj.+abl.: empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without 

sum, esse, fui: to be 

Sōl, Sōlis, m.: the Sun 

dē, prep.+abl.: down, about, concerning 

virgo, -ĭnis, f.: maiden, virgin 

răpĭo, -pere, -pŭi, -ptum: to seize, snatch, carry off, abduct 

582-598_KH 

consŭlo, -ere, -lŭi, -ltum: to consult, question 


lātē, adv,: broadly, widely, extensively 

factum, -i, n.: that which is done, a deed, act, exploit 

diurnus, -a, -um, adj.: of or belonging to the day, diurnal 

video, videre, vidi, visum: to see 

Sol, solis, m.: the sun 

ădĕo, -ire. -ĭī, -ĭtum: to go to, approach 


quero, quaere, quaesivi, quasitum: to seek 

aio, ait defective verb: to say 

ne, adv.: no, not; so that…not, lest 

vanus, -a, -um, adj.: empty, void, vacant; groundless, fruitless, vain 

lăbōro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to suffer, to labor under, to be oppressed, afflicted, or troubled with. 

nūpta, -ae, f.: a married woman, bride, wife 

Iūppĭter, Iŏvis, m.: Jove, Jupiter 

frater, -tris, m.: a brother 

tertius, -a, -um, adj.: the third 

regnum, -i, n.: kingship, dominion, kingdom, rule 

teneo, -ere, -ui, tentum: to hold, keep, have 

quĕror, queri, questus sum, dep. verb: to complain, lament, bewail 

diu adv.: a long time, long while, long 

-, sui, sibi, se, se, reflex. pron.: himself, herself, itself, themselves 

-cum, encl. prep.+abl.: with 

sīc, adv.: so/thus 


affor, -āri, -atus sum: to speak to, accost, address 

Tonans, -antis, m.: Thunderer (epithet of Jupiter) 

maximus, -a, -um, adj. sup. of magnus, -a, -um, adj.: great, large 


in, prep.+abl.: in, on 

vultus, -us, m.: the expression, countenance, visage, face 

signum, signi, n.: sign, indication


doleo, -ere, -ui, -itum: to feel pain, ache, lament, suffer 


si, conj.: if 

mĕmor, -ŏris, adj.: mindful, unforgetting 


dē, prep. + abl.: from 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.: who, what, which 

egō, mei, mihi, me, me person. pron.: I, me 


Proserpina, -ae, f.: Proserpine, daughter of Ceres and Juppiter, wife of Pluto 

nata, -ae, f.: daughter 

dīmidium, -ii, n.: the half 

cūra, -ae, f.: care, concern 

debeo, -ere, -ui, -itum: to ought, owe 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have, hold 

tuus, -a, -um possess. adj.: your 

orbis, -is, m.: the world 

pererro, -are, -avi, -atum: to wander through, to roam 

sōlus, -a, -um, adj.: alone, single, only 


iniuria, -ae, f.: wrong, injurious, unlawful, unjust conduct 

factum, -i, n.: that which is done, a deed, act 

cognosco, -ere, -nōvi, -nĭtum: to recognize that which is already known, acknowledge, identify 

commissum, -i, n.: a transgression, offence, fault, crime 

praemium, -ii, n.: profit derived from booty, rewards 

raptor, -oris, m.: a robber, plunderer, abductor 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have, hold 

at, conj.: but, yet, at least 

neque, conj.: and not, nor; neque…neque: neither…nor 

Persephone, -es, f.: Proserpine, daughter of Ceres 

dignus, -a, -um, adj.+abl.: worthy, deserving, suitable 


praedo, -onis, m.: a plunderer, robber 

mărītus, -i, m.: a married man, husband 

nec, conj.: not, and not, also not, nor 

gener, -eri, m.: son-in-law 

hīc, haec, hōc, demonstr. pron.: this 

nos, nostrum/-i, nobis, nos, nobis, pers. pron.: we, us, our 

mos, moris, m.: custom 

paro, -are, -avi, -atum: to prepare, order, furnish 

sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be


quis, quid, pron. interrog.: who? what? 

gravis, -e, adj.: heavy, weighty; grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant 

victor, -oris, m.: a conqueror, victor, vanquisher 

Gyges, -is or ae, m.: a giant with a hundred arms 

captivus, -a, -um, adj.: taken prisoner, captive 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry; to endure, suffer 

quam, adv.: than 

nunc adv.: now 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pers. pron.: you 

caelum, -i, n.: sky, heaven 

sceptrum, -i, n.: a royal staff, scepter 

teneo, -ere, -ui, tentum: to hold, keep, have 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry; to endure; to report 

vērum, adv.: but in truth, but not with standing, but yet 

impunis, -e, adj.: without punishment, safely, unpunished 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry; to carry off, take away by force, to plunder, spoil, ravage 


hīc, haec, hōc, demonstr. pron.: this 

patior, pati, passus sum: to bear, support, suffer, endure 

inultus, -a, -um, adj.: unavenged, unrevenged 

reddo, -ere, -didi, -ditum: to give back, return, restore 


emendo, -are, -avi, -atum: to correct, improve, amend 


prior, -oris, adj.: former, previous, prior 

novus, -a, -um, adj.: new, young, fresh 


hīc, haec, hōc demon. pron.: this 

lenio, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to soften, alleviate, soothe, calm 



excuso, -are, -avi, -atum: to excuse 

amor, -is, m.: love 

nec, conj.: not, and not, also not, nor 

gener, -eri, m.: son-in-law 



ille, -a, -ud, demonstr. pron.: that, he, she, it 

pudendus, -a, -um, adj.: of which one ought to be ashamed, shameful, scandalous, disgraceful 

aio, ait defective verb: to say


599-615 KL 

non adv.: not 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me pron.: I 

nōbĭlis, -e adj.: noble, well born, aristocratic; high-born, of noble birth 

pono, ponere, posui, positum: to put, place 

sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be 


regia, regiae f.: palace, court, residence 

caelum, caeli, n.: sky, heaven 

possido, possidēre, -sēdi, -sessum: to seize, to hold, to be master of, to possess 

alter, altera, alterum adj.: one (of two), second 

aqua, aquae f.: water; sea 

alter, altera, alterum adj.: one (of two), second 

inane, inanis n.: empty space of structure, hollow, void 

Chaos, abl. Chao (other cases not used) n.: Chaos, pit of Hell, underworld 

sed, conj.: but, yet 

si conj.: if 

forte adv.: by chance; perhaps 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pron.: you 

non adv.: not 


mutabilis, mutabilis, mutabile adj.: changeable, inconstant 

pectus, pectoris, n.: the heart, breast 

sto, stare, stĕti, stătum: to stand 

-que enclitic conj.: and 

semel indec.: once 

iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctum: to join, unite, connect 

rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptum: to break, to destroy 

vinclum, vincli n.: chain, bond 

torus, tori m.: couch, bed; marriage 

hic, haec, hoc pron.: this, these 

quoque adv.: likewise, also, too 

tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatum: to test, to try, to urge 

siquidem conj.: accordingly, if indeed 

ieiunus, ieiuna, ieiunum adj.: fasting, abstinent, hungry 

remaneo, remanere, remansi, remansum: to stay behind, continue, remain 

si conj.: if 

minus adv.: less, not so well, not quite 

infernus, inferna, infernum adj.: lower, infernal, of the Lower Regions 

coniunx, coniugis m.: husband, spouse 

uxor, uxoris f.: wife 


Tartăra, -ōrum, n.: the underworld, Tartarus 

iŭbĕo, ēre, iussi, jussum: to order, command, decree


adeo, -ire, -ii, -itum: to go to, to approach 

sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptum: to take up 

caducifer, caducifera, caduciferum adj.: bearing a herald's staff, an epithet of Mercury 

ala, alae f.: wing 

spes, spei n.: hope 


redeo, redire, redivii, reditum: to return, to go back 

cito, comp.citius, sup.citissime adv.: quickly, with speed, soon 



certus, certa -um adj.: fixed, settled, certain 

refero, refere, rettuli, relatum: to return, bring back; to report, recount, relate 

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum: to drag off, to snatch, to seize, abduct 

tres, trĭa, num. adj.: 3 


solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum: to end, remove 

ieiunium, ieiunii n.: fasting, hunger 

granum, grani, n.: grain 

Punicus, Punica, Punicum adj.: Carthaginian, Punic; of the Phœnician color, purple-red 

qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, what, which 

lentus, lenta -um adj .: clinging, tough 

cortex, corticis n.: bark, cork, skin, rind 

pomum, pomi n.: fruit; Punicum pomum = pomegranate 

tego, tegere, texi, tectum: to cover, protect 

non adv.: not 

secus adv.: otherwise; differently 

indolesco, indolescere, indolui: to feel pain of mind, grieve 

quam, adv.: than 

si conj.: if 

modo, adv.: recently, just 

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum: to drag off, to snatch, to seize, abduct 

maestus, maesta, maestum adj.: sad, unhappy 

parens, parentis, f.: mother 

longus, longa, longum adj.: long 

vix adv.: hardly, scarcely, barely 


reficio, reficere, refeci, refectum: to restore, recover, refresh 

mora, morae f.: delay, pause 


atque conj.: and too; and also, and besides, and even, and 

ita adv.: thus, so, therefore, accordingly, in this manner 

nec conj.: nor; and not 

nos, nostrum/-i, nobis, nos, nobis pron.: we, us 

caelum, caeli, n.: sky, heaven



habitabilis, habitabilis, habitabile adj.: habitable 


Taenarius, -a, -um: of or belonging to Tænarus, a town in Laconia, with cavern nearby, the fabled 

entrance to the infernal regions; Taenarian 

recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum: to accept, receive, admit 


quoque adv.: likewise, also, too 

vallis, vallis, f.: valley, vale, hollow 

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum: to order 

et conj.: and 

facio, facere, feci, factum: to do 


paciscor, pacisci, pactus sum: to make a bargain or agreement 

nisi conj.: if not, except, unless 



bis, indecl. adv.: twice 

tres, trĭa, num. adj.: 3 

ut conj.: that 

caelum, caeli, n.: sky, heaven 

mensis, mensis m.: month 

ille, illa, illud pron.: that, those 


tum adv.: then, at that time 

demum adv.: finally, at last 

voltus, voltus m: face, expression 


Ceres, Cereris, f.: Ceres 

animus, -i, m.: soul, heart, mind, reason 


recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum: to recover 

616-632_ML 

impono, -ere, -posui, -positum +dat.: to place, put, set or lay into/upon/in 


suus, sua, suum, possess. adj.: his, her its (own) 

spiceus, -a, -um, adj.: consisting of ears of corn 

serta, -ōrum, n.: wreaths (of flowers), garlands 

coma, comae f.: hair 

largus, -a, -um, adj.: abundant, copious, plentiful, large 


provenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum: to come forth, be brought forth, be born 

cesso, -are, -avi, -atum: to delay, loiter; to be inactive, idle; to lie uncultivated, fallow


messis, -is, f.: the harvested crops; harvest 

in, prep. w/abl.: in, on 

arvum, -i, n.: an arable field, cultivated land, a field, ploughed land 


vix, adv.: with difficulty, hardly, scarcely 

congero, -ere, -gessi, -gestum: to bear, carry, bring together, collect 

area, -ae, f.: a piece of level ground, a vacant place; a threshing floor 

capio, -ere, cepi, captum: to capture, seize, take 

ops, ŏpis, f.: riches, wealth 

albus, -a, -um, adj.: white 

decet, -ere, -cuit: it is becoming, suitable, proper, fitting; it suits, looks good on 

Ceres, -eris, f.: goddess of agriculture (corn, fruits) 

vestis, -is, f.: clothing 

Cĕrĕālĭa, -ium, n.: the festival of Ceres, celebrated on the 10th of April, 


sumo, -ere, sumpsi, sumptum: to take up, lay hold of, assume, put on, wear 


pullus, -a, -um, adj.: dark-colored, blackish-gray, dusky, dark gray 

vellus, -eris, n.: wool shorn off, fleece, wool 

ūsus, -ūs, m.: the use or using of any thing 

absum, abesse, afui, afuturum: to be away, to be absent; not to be suitable, proper, or fit for 

G= the seventh nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 

EID= Eidus, -ŭum, f.: one of the three days in each month from which the other days were reckoned in 

the Roman calendar, the Ides; it fell upon the fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October; upon the 

thirteenth day in the remaining months 

NP= nefastus piaculum dies: a day on which judgment could not be pronounced, or assemblies of the 

people be held; may refer to special religious rite piaculum (denotes religious status of day) 

occupo, -are, -avi, -atum: to take possession of, seize, occupy 

Āprīlis, -is, m.: the month of April 

Idus, -uum, f.: one of the three days in each month from which the other days were reckoned in the 

Roman calendar, the Ides 

cognomen, -inis, n.: a name added to the nomen, a Roman surname, family name, epithet 

Victor, -oris, m.: a conqueror, victor 


hic, haec, hoc, demonstr. pron.: this 

ille, illa, illud, demonstr. pron.: that, he, she, it 

sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be 


templum, -i, n.: a temple 

dies, -ei, f.: day 


quoque conj.: likewise, also 

ni, adv.: not, that not; if…not 

fallo, -ere, fĕfelli, falsum: to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint 

populus, -i, m.: the people


dignus, -a, -um, adj.: deserving, worthy, suitable, fitting 

noster, nostra, nostrum, poss. adj.: our, our own, of us 

atrium, -ii, n.: fore-court, hall, entrance room, entry 

Libertas, -atis, f.: the goddess of Liberty, whose temple on the Aventine Hill was founded by the father of 

Tiberius Gracchus in the second Punic war; in the atrium of this temple the census-tables were preserved 

coepĭo, -ere, coepi, coeptum: to begin 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have 


H= the eighth nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 

N= nefastus dies: a day on which judgment could not be pronounced, or assemblies of the people be held 

(denotes religious status of day) 

lux, lucis, f.: light, daylight, dawn 

sequor, sequi, sĕcūtus sum: to follow 

tūtus, -a, -um: well seen to or guarded; safe, secure, out of danger 

peto, petere, petivi, petitum: to seek 

nauita, -ae, m.: sailor, seaman 

portus, -us, m.: a harbor, port 

ventus, -i, m.: wind 

ăb, ā, prep.+abl.: from, away from, by 

occasus, -us, m.: a falling, a going down 

grando, -inis, f.: hail; a hailstorm 

miscĕo, miscere, miscŭi, mixtum +abl.: to mix, blend, intermingle 


scilicet, adv. it is evident; of course, certainly 

ut, adv.: as, just as 


tamen, conj.: yet, nevertheless 


Mutinensis, -e, adj.: of or belonging to Mutina, a city in Cispaline Gaul; refers to battle between Antony 

and Octavian 

Caesar, -ăris, m.: Caesar (Augustus) 

grando, -inis, f.: hail; a hailstorm 

militia, -ae, f.: military service, warfare, war; the soldiery, military 

percello, -ere, -culi, -culsum: to beat down, throw down; to overturn, upset 

arma, -ōrum, n.: defensive armour, shield, arms 


A= the first nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 

FORD= fordis caedendis, i.e. Fordĭcīdĭa, the sacrifice of a cow that is with calf, which (accd. to Varro) 

was performed on the 16th of April, in honor of Tellus 



B= the second nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 



tertius, -a, -um, num. adj.: the third


post, prep. +acc.: after 

Venus, Veneris, f.: Venus, goddess of love. 

cum, adv.: when 

lux, lucis, f.: light 

surgo, -ere, surrexi, surrectum: to lift or raise up, erect, elevate; rise, ascend 


Roman calendar, the Ides 

pontifex, -ficis, m.: a Roman high-priest, pontiff, pontifex 

fordus, -a, -um, adj.: with young, pregnant 

săcrum, -i, n.: something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing; a sacrifice 

lito, -are, -avi, -atum: to make an offering, sacrifice under favorable auspices, to obtain favorable omens 

bos, bovis, f.: cow 

forda, -ae, f.: a cow that is with calf 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry; report, say 

bos, bovis, m./f.: ox, bull, cow 


fecundus, -a, -um, adj.: fruitful, fertile 


dico, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say, tell 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry; report, say 

hinc, adv.: from this place, hence 

etiam conj.: and also 

fetus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant, breeding, fruitful, productive 

nomen, nominis, n.: name 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have 

puto, putare, putavi, putatum: to think 

633-649_AO 


gravidus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant, with child, with young 

pecus, pecudis, m.: a single head of cattle, a beast, animal 


gravidus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant, with child, with young 

quoque, adv. indecl.: also, too 

semen, seminis, n.: seed 

terra, -ae, f.: the earth 

tellus, telluris, f.: the earth, the globe 

plenus, plena, plenum adj.: full; big, with child, pregnant 

victima, -ae, f.: a beast for sacrifice, a sacrifice, victim 

plenus, plena, plenum adj.: full; big, with child, pregnant 


pars, -tis, f.: a part, some 

cado, cadere, cecidi, casum: to be driven or carried by one’s weight from a higher to a lower point, fall 

down, sink, fall


arx, arcis, f.: a stronghold, castle, citadel 

Iūppĭter, Iovis, m.: Juppiter, Jove 

ter, adv.: three times 

denae, -arum, f.pl.: ten each, ten at a time 

curia, -ae, f.: a curia or court, one of the thirty parts into which Romulus divided the Roman people, ten 

for each of the three tribes 

vacca, -ae, f.: a cow 

accipio, accipere, accipi, acceptum: to take, receive, accept, admit 

ĕt, conj.: and 

largus, -a, -um, adj.: abundant, plentiful, large, much 

spargo, -ere, -si, -sum: to strew, throw here and there, cast about, scatter, sprinkle 

cruor, cruoris, m.: blood, a stream of blood 

madeo, madere, madui: to be wet, drip, flow 

ast, conj.: but, yet 

ubi, adv.: in which place, where; when, whenever, as soon as, as 

viscer, visceris, n.: innermost part of the body, heart, vitals 

vitulus, -i, m.: a calf 

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum: to seize and carry off, snatch, tear, drag away 

minister, ministri, m.: a priest’s attendant 

seco, secare, secui, sectum: to cut, cut off or out, amputate, operate on 


fumosus, -a, -um, adj.: full of smoke, smoking, smoky 

exta, extorum, n, pl.: the most prominent of the internal organs: heart, lungs, liver 


focus, -i m.: fire-place, hearth 

ignis, -is, m.: fire 

cremo, cremare, cremavi, crematum: to burn, consume by fire 

vitulus, -i, m.: a calf 

qui, quae, quod, rel.pron.: who, what, which 

natus, -us, m.: a growing, growth, (esp. reference to age, birth, age, years) 

maximus, -a, -um, adj.: greatest, largest 

Virgo, Virginis, f.: a maid, maiden, virgin; Vestal Virgin 


lux, lucis, m.: light; the light of day, daylight, day 

Pales, Palis, f.: goddess of shepherds 

populus, -i, m.: the people 

purgo, purgare, purgavi, purgatum: to make clean or pure, cleanse, purify 

ut, conj.: so that 

ille, -a, -ud, demonstr. pron.: that; he, she, it 

cinis, cineris, m.: ashes 

rex, regis, m.: a ruler, king 

Numa, -ae, f.: Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome 

fructus, -us, m.: proceeds, produce, product, fruit 

non, adv.: not


respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsum: to offer/present in return, promise a thing in return for 

something else 

lăbor, -ōris, m.: labor, toil, exertion 

inritus, -a, -um, adj.: ineffective, useless 

decipio, decipere, dicepi, deceptum: to catch, ensnare, deceive, cheat 

votum, -i, n.: a solemn promise made to some deity, a vow 

colo, colere, colui, cultum: to cultivate, till, tend 



modo adv.: only, recently 

siccus, -a, -um, adj.: dry 


gelidus, -a, -um, adj.: icy cold, frosty 

Aquilo, Aquilonis, m.: the North Wind 

annus, -i, m.: a year 

nunc adv.: now; then 

ager, agri, m.: territory, field 

assiduus, -a, -um, adj.: constant, regular, incessant 

luxurio, luxurare, luxuravi, luxuratum: to be rank, luxuriant 

aqua, aquae, f.: water 

saepe, adv.: often 

Ceres, -eris, f.: goddess of agriculture (corn, fruits) 

primus, -a, -um, adj.: the first, foremost, conspicuous 

dominus, -i, m.: a master, ruler, owner 

fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum: to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat 

in, prep.w/abl.: in, on 

herba, herbae, f.: herb, grass; springing vegetation 


levis, -e: light, thin, slight, smooth; easy 

obsesso, obsidere, obsedi, obsessus: to blockade, besiege, invest, take possession of 

sto, stare, steti, statum: to stand, remain standing, stand still 

avena, -ae, f.: wild oats (a weed) 

solum, -i, n.: ground, soil 


pecus, pecudis, m.: a single head of cattle, a beast, animal 

ante prep.+acc.: before 

dies, -ei, f.: day 

partus, -us, m.: a bearing, birth 

edo, edere, edidi, editum: to give out, put forth, bring forth 

acerbus, -a, -um, adj.: unripe, crude, not yet ready, unfinished, premature 

agna, -ae, f.: a ewe lamb 


nascor, nasci, natus sum: to be born 

saepe, adv.: often 

neco, necare, necavi, necatum: to kill, slay, put to death, destroy


ovis, -is, f.: a sheep, ewe 

silva, -ae, f.: a wood, forest, woodland 

vetus, veteris, adj.: old, aged, ancient, of long standing 

nullus, nulla, nullum adj.: no, none 


diu, adv.: a long time, long while, long 

violo, violare, violavi, violatum: to treat with violence, injure, dishonor, outrage, violate 

securis, -is, f.: an axe or hatchet 

650-666_MO 

sto, stare, stĕti, stătum: to stand, to stand upright 

Maenălĭus, -a, -um, adj.: of or belonging to Mænalus (a range of mountains in Arcadia, extending from 

Megalopolis to Tegea, and sacred to Pan), Mænalian 

sacer, sacra, sacrum, adj.: holy, sacred 

rĕlinquo, -ere, -līqui, -lictum: to leave behind; let remain, leave, pass.: to be left, to remain 

dĕus, -i, m.: a god 

ille, -a, -ud demonstrative pron.: that, he, she, it 

do, dăre, dĕdi, dătum: to give 

tăcĭtus, -a, -um: silent, noiseless, quiet 

ănĭmus, -i, m.: the rational soul, mind 

rēsponsum, -i, n.: an answer, response, oracle 

quĭētus, -a, -um: at rest, calm, quiet, tranquil; resting, sleeping 


hīc, adv,: in this place, here, on this occasion, at this time 

gĕmĭnus, -a, -um, adj.: born at the same time, twin-born, twin 

rex, rēgis, m.: a ruler, a king 

Numa, -ae, m.: Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome 

macto, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to offer, sacrifice, immolate 

ŏvis, -is, f.: a sheep 

prīmus, a, -um, adj.: the first, first 

cădo, cadere, cĕcĭdi, cāsum: to fall down, to die 

Faunus, -i, m.: a mythic son of Picus, grandson of Saturn and father of Latinus, king of Latium; he 

instituted tillage and grazing and after death was the protecting deity of agriculture and of shepherds 

lēnis, e, adj.: soft, smooth, mild, gentle, easy, calm 

cădo, cadere, cĕcĭdi, cāsum: to fall down, die 

alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: the other of the two, the other, one of the two 

Somnus, -i, m.: Sleep 

sterno, sternere, strāvi, strātum: to spread out, stretch out, extend 

in prep.: in, within 

dūrus, -a, -um, adj.: hard 

vellus, -ĕris, n.: wool shorn off, a fleece 

ŭterque, utrăque, utrumque: each (of two), either, each one, one as well as the other, both 

sŏlum, -i, n.: the lowest part, the bottom, ground, base, foundation 

bis, adv.: twice 

căpŭt, -ĭtis, n.: the head


intonsus, -a, -um: unshorn 

fontānus, -a, -um, adj.: of or from a spring or fountain 

spargo, -gere, -si, -sum: to sprinkle, spatter, moisten 

unda, -ae, f.: water 

bis, adv.: twice 

suus, -a, -um, poss. pron.: his own, her own, its, theirs 

fāgĭnĕus, -a, -um, adj.: of beech, breechen 

tempŏra, -um, n. pl.: the temples of the head 

frons, -dis, f.: a leafy branch, foliage 

prĕmo, -emere, -essi, -essum: to press 

ūsus, -ūs, m.: the use or using, a practice or exercise 

absum, abesse, āfui, āfŭtārus: to be away from, be absent 

Venus, Veneris, f.: the goddess of love, sex 

neque, adv.: not, and not, also not neque…nec: neither…nor 

fas, indecl. n.: right, proper, allowable, lawful, fit, permitted 

ănĭmāl, - ālis, n..: animal 

mensa, -ae, f.: a table 

pōno, ponere, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum: to put or set down, to put, place, lay 

neque, adv.: not, and not, also not neque…nec: neither…nor 

dĭgĭtus, -i, m.: a finger 

ānŭlus, -i, m.: a ring for the finger or a seal-ring 

ullus, -a, -um, dim. adj.: any, any one 

insum, -esse, -fui +dat.: to be in or upon 

vestis, -is, f.: covering for the body, clothes, clothing, attire, vesture 

rŭdis, e, adj.: unwrought, rough, raw 

tĕgo, -gere, -xi, -ctum: to cover 

supra, prep.+acc.: above, over. 

nŏvus, -a, -um, adj.: new, fresh, recent 


corpus, -ŏris, n.: the body 

pōno, ponere, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum: to put or set down, to put, place, lay 

ădōro, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to speak to or accost, to address; to beseech, supplicate, implore 

per, prep. w/ acc.: through, by, by means of 

suus, -a, -um, poss. pron.: his own, her own, its, theirs 

verbum, -i, n.: a word, language, discourse, conversation 

dĕus, -i, m.: a god 

intĕrĕā, adv.: meanwhile, in the meantime, in the interim 

plăcĭdus, -a, -um, adj.: gentle, quiet, still, calm, mild, peaceful 

redimio, -ire, -ii, -itum: to crown, wreath; to surround, encircle 

păpāver, -ĕris, n.: the poppy 

frons, frontis, f.: the forehead, brow, front 


venio, venire, veni, ventum: to come 


-sui, sibi, se, se, reflex. pron.: himself, herself, itself, themselves


-cum, encl. prep.+abl.: with 

somnĭum, -ii, n.: a dream, sleep 

nĭger, -gra, -grum, adj.: black, sable, dark, dusky 

trăho, -here, -xi, -ctum: to draw, drag or haul, to drag along, draw forth 

Faunus, -i, m.: a mythic son of Picus, grandson of Saturn and father of Latinus, king of Latium; he 

instituted tillage and grazing and after death was the protecting deity of agriculture and of shepherds 

adsum, -esse, -fui, -futurus: to be at or near something, to be present 

ŏvis, -is, f.: a sheep 


prĕmo, -emere, -essi, -essum: to press 

pēs, pĕdis, m.: a foot of man or beast 


dūrus, -a, -um, adj.: hard 

ēdo, -dere, -dĭdi, -dĭtum: to give out, put forth, bring forth 

a, ab, prep. w/ abl.: from 

dexter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: to the right, on the ride side, right 

tālis, e, adj.: such, of such a kind, nature or quality 

verbum, -i, n.: a word, language, discourse, conversation 

tŏrus, -i, m.: couch, bed 

mors, -tis, f.: death 

bōs, bŏvis, m.: an ox, bull 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te pers. pron.: you 

rex, rēgis, m.: a ruler, a king 

Tellus, -uris, f.: Earth 

plāco, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to reconcile, placate 

dŭŏ, -ae, -ŏ, num. adj.: two 

do, dăre, dĕdi, dătum: to give 

săcra, -orum, n. pl.: sacred rites, religious worship, religion 

ănĭma, -ae, f.: soul, life 

unus, -a, -um, num. adj.: one, a single 

iŭvenca, -ae, f.: a young cow, heifer 

dŭŏ, -ae, -ŏ, num. adj.: two 

667-684_DP 

excutio, -cussare, -cussi, -cussum: to shake out or off, to cast out, drive out 

terror, -ōris, m.: great fear, affright, dread, alarm, terror 

quĭes, -ētis, f.: quiet, rest, repose, sleep 

Numa, -ae, m.: Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome 


revolvo, -volvere, volvi, volutum: to brood or reflect upon 


-, sui, sibi, se, se, reflex. pron.: himself, herself, itself, themselves 

-cum, prep. + abl.: with 

ambages, is, f.: a going round; obscurity, ambiguity 

caecus , -a, -um: blind, obscure, uncertain, vague



iussum, -i, n.: an order, command 

refero, refere, rettuli, relatum: to repeat to one's self, call to mind 

expedio, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to extricate, set free; help, help through, set right 

erro, errare, -avi, -atum: to wander 

nemus, nemoris, n.: wood, forest 

grātus, -a, -um: beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable 

coniunx, -is, f.: spouse, wife 


dico, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, call 

gravidus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant with child 

posco, poscere, poposci: to beg, demand, request; pass.: to be asked for something 

exta, extorum, n., pl.: the most prominent of the internal organs, heart, lungs, liver 


exta, extorum, n., pl.: the most prominent of the internal organs, heart, lungs, liver 


gravidus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant with child 


fecundus, -a, -um, adj.: fruitful, fertile 

annus, –i, m.: a year 

provenio, -venire, -veni, -ventum: to come forth, appear 


fructus, -us, m.: produce, product, fruit 

terra, -ae, f.: earth, land, ground, soil 

pecus, pecudis, f.: sheep, animal 


fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring 

hic, haec, hoc, pron. demonstr.: this, these 

quondam, adv.: at one time, once 

Cythĕrēa, -ae, f.: Venus 

dies, diei, f.: a day 

prŏpĕranter, adv.: hastily, speedily, quickly 

eo, ire, ivi, ii: to go 

iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussum: to order 


admitto, admittere, admisi, admissum: to let go or run, to give loose reins to 

praecipito, -are, -avi, -atum: to hasten, hurry 

equus, equi, m.: a horse 


titulus, tituli, m.: title; 

imperium, -ii, n.: a command, order titulum imperii = imperator 

cum, conj.: since, when 

prīmum, adv.: at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning cum primum: as soon as ever, as soon as 

lux, lucis, f.: light 

sĕquens, entis, adj.: next, next following in order


Augustus, -i, m.: Augustus 

iuvenis, -is, adj.: young, youthful 

prosperus, -a, -um, adj.: favorable, fortunate, prosperous 

belli, bellum, n.: war 


C= the third nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 



D= the fourth nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 




iam, adv.: now 

praetĕrĭtus, -a, -um: gone by, past, past and gone, departed 

quartus, -a, -um, num. adj.: fourth 

tu, tui, tibi, te, te, pers. pronoun: you 

Lucifer, -feri, m.: the morning-star 


Roman calendar, the Ides; it fell upon the fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October; upon the 

thirteenth day in the remaining months 

respicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum: to look back or behind, to look back upon, to see behind 

hic, haec, hoc, adj.: this 

Hyades, -um, f.: the Hyades, a group of seven stars in the head of Taurus. They were fabled as daughters 

of Atlas and sisters of Hyas and of the Pleiades 

Dōris, ĭdis, f.: a daughter of Oceanus, wife of Nereus, and mother of fifty sea nymphs; the sea 


teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum: to have, hold; occupy 

E= the fifth nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 

CER= Cerialia, the festival of Ceres, celebrated on the 19th of April 



tertius, -a, -um, adj.: the third 

post, prep +acc.: behind, after 

Hyades, -um, f.: the Hyades, a group of seven stars in the head of Taurus. They were fabled as daughters 

of Atlas and sisters of Hyas and of the Pleiades 

cum, conj.: when 

lux, lucis, f.: light, daylight, dawn 

sum, esse, fŭi, futurus: to be 

orior, oriri, ortus sum: to rise, appear, become visible; get up 

rĕmōtus, -a, -um: removed, i. e. far off, distant, remote 

carcer, -eris, m.: an enclosed place; the barrier or starting-place in the race-course 

partītus, -a, -um: shared, parted, divided, distributed 

Circus, -i, m.: Circus Maximus, the oval circus built by Tarquinius Priscus between the Palatine and 

Aventine hills, which could contain more than one hundred thousand spectators. 

habeo, habere, habui, habitum: to have, to hold


equus, equi, m.: a horse 

cur, adv.: why 

igitur, conj.: therefore 

mitto, mittere, misi, missum: to send (out) 

vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctum: to bind, tie, fasten 

ardens, -entis, adj.: on fire, burning 

taeda, taedae, f.: a pitchpine torch, a torch 

tergum, -i, n.: the back, rear 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, bring, carry 

vulpes, is, f.: a fox 

causa, -ae, f.: a cause, reason, motive, inducement 

doceo, docere, docui, doctus: to teach, show, point out 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, pers. pronoun: I, me 

sum, esse, fŭi, futurus: to be 

frīgĭdus, -a, -um: cold, cool 

Carsĕŏli, -ōrum, m.: a town of the Æqui, in Latium, now Carsoli 

nec adv.: nor; and not 

oliva, -ae, f.: an olive 

aptus, -a, -um +dat.: fitted to something; suited, suitable, proper, fit, appropriate, adapted 

fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to bear, produce 

terra, -ae, f.: earth, land, ground, soil 


ad, prep.+acc.: to, toward 

seges, -etis, f.: a cornfield 

ingĕnĭōsus, -a, -um: adapted to, apt, fit for 

ager, -gri, m.: territory, farm, the fields, the open country, the country, the soil 

685-702_AV 

hīc, haec, hōc demonstrative pron.: this 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, pers. pron.: I, me 

Paeligni, -ōrum, m.: a people of Central Italy, contiguous to the Frentani and Marrucini, descendants of 

the Sabines, in the mod. Abruzzo; the country of the Paeligni 

nātālis, -e, adj.: of or belonging to one's birth, birth-, natal: 

rūs, rūris, n.: the country, lands, field 

pĕto,-are,- īvi,- ītum, to fall upon 

parvus, -a, -um, adj.: little, small 


assĭdŭus, -a, -um: continual, unremitting, incessant, perpetual, constant 

obvĭus, -a, -um: in the way, so as to meet, meeting, to meet, encounter 

semper, adv.: always 

ăqua, -ae, f.: water 

hospĕs,- ĭtis, m.: host 

antīquus, -a, -um, adj.: old/ancient 

sŏlĭtus, a, um: wonted, accustomed, usual, habitual, ordinary 

intro, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to enter


aedēs, -ium, f.pl.: a dwelling for men, a house, habitation, abode 

dēmo, -ere, -mpsi, - mptum: to withdraw 

emeritus, -a, -um: that has become unfit for service, worn out 

iam, adv.: at this time, now 

iŭgum, -i, n.: yoke 

Phoebus,- i, m.: appellation of Apollo 

ĕquus, -i, m.: horse 

is, ea, id, pers. pron.: he, she, it 

ego, mei, mihi, me, me, pers. pron.: I, me 

multus, -a, -um: much, great, many 

quĭdem, adv.: indeed 


et conj.: and; also, even 


narro, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to tell, relate 

sŏlĕo, -ere, -ĭtus sum: to be accustomed to 

undĕ, adv. from which place, whence 

mĕus, -a, -um, possess. pron.: my 

praesens, -entis, adj.: that is before one, in sight or at hand, present 

instrŭo, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to provide with information, to teach, instruct 

ŏpus, -ĕris, n.: work, labor 


āio, ait defective verb: to say (yes), to affirm 

in prep.: in/within 

campus, -i, m.: plain, flat place, field 

campus, -i, m.: plain, flat place, field 


ostendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to show, to point out 

hăbĕo, -ere, -ŭi,- ĭtum: to have 

rūs, rūris, n.: the country, lands, field; farm 

brĕvis, -e, adj.: short, small 

cum prep w/ abl.: with 

dūrus, -a, -um: rough, rude, uncultivated; hardy, sturdy 

parcus, -a, -um, adj.: thrifty, sparing 

cŏlōna, -ae, f.: countrywoman 

vĭr, vĭri, m.: man, husband 


sŭus, -a, -um possessive adj.: his, her, its own 

pĕrăgo,-ere, -ēgi, -actum: to work, till, cultivate 

hŭmus, -i, f.: the earth, soil 

sīve, conj.: or if; sīve…seu: whether…or 

ūsus, -ūs, m.: the use 

ărātrum, -i, n.: a plough 

seu, conj.: or if; or 

curvus,- a, -um, adj.: crooked, bent, curved


falx, falcis, f.: sickle 

sīve, conj.: or if; or 

bĭdens, -entis, m.: a heavy hoe or mattock with two crooked iron teeth 



mŏdŏ, adv.: just, now; modo…nunc: now ... now, at one moment ... at another, sometimes ... sometimes 

verro, verrere, verri, versum: to sweep, brush, scour; to sweep out, sweep up or together, clean out 

sto, stare, stĕti, stătum: to stand 

tībīcen, -ĭnis, m.: a kind of pillar, support, or prop of a building 

villa, -ae, f.: country-house 

nunc, adv.: now; modo…nunc: now ... now, at one moment ... at another, sometimes ... sometimes 

māter, -tris, f.: mother 

plūma, -ae, f.: small, soft feather, down 

ōvum, -i, n.: an egg 

fŏvĕo, fovere, fōvi, fōtum: to warm, keep warm 

do, dare, dĕdi, dătum: to give 

aut . . . aut, conj.: either . . . or 

vĭrĭdis, -e, adj.: green 

malva, -ae, f.: mallows 

aut, conj.: or 

fungus, -i, m.: mushroom 

collĭgo, -ere, -lēgi, -lectum: to gather, collect 


aut, conj.: or 

hŭmĭlis, -e, adj.: low, small, humble 

grātus, -a, -um, adj.: pleasing, agreeable 

calfăcĭo, -ere, -fēci, -factum: to make warm or hot, to warm, heat 


fŏcus, -i, m.: hearth, fireplace 


tămen, adv.: however, nevertheless 

assĭdŭus, -a, -um: continual, constant; busy or occupied 

exercĕo, -ere, -ŭi, -itum: to engage busily, to occupy, employ, exercise a person or thing in some action. 

brachium, -ii, n.: the arm, forearm 

tēla, -ae, f.: web 

adversus, prep.+ acc.: toward, against 


mĭnae, -ārum, f. pl.: threats, menaces 

frīgor, -ōris, m.: cold 

arma, -ōrum, n.: means of protection, defense 

păro, -are, -āvi, -ātum: to prepare 

fīlĭus, -ii, m.: son 



prīmus,- a, -um, adj.: first, early


lascīvus, -a, -um, adj.: playful, mischievous 

in prep.+abl.: in, at 

aevum, -i, n.: age 

addo, -ere, -dĭdi, -dĭtum: to add 


annus, -i, m.: year 

ad, prep. w/acc.: to, toward 

dŭŏ, -ae,- ŏ, adj.: two 

lustrum, -i, n.: a period of five years, a lustrum (because every five years a lustrum was performed). 

dŭŏ, -ae,- ŏ, adj.: two 

is, ea, id, demonstr. pron.: he, she, it 

căpĭo, capere, cēpi, captum, to take, seize, catch 

extrēmus,- a, -um, adj.: the outermost, farthest, most remote 

volpes, -is, f.: a fox 

convallis, -is, f.: valley, a valley enclosed on all sides 

sălictum, -i, n.: thicket of willows 

aufĕro, abstŭli, ablātum, auferre, to take, carry off or away, to destroy, consume, kill, slay 

multus, -a, -um: much, great, many 


cŏhors, -rtis, f.: a place enclosed around, a court, enclosure, yard, pen, etc., esp. for cattle, poultry, etc. 

ăvis, -is, f.: bird 

703-720_AW 

is, ea, id demonstr. pron.: he, she, it, this or that 

capio, -ere, cepi, captum: to capture, seize, take, catch 

extremus, -a, -um: farthest, extreme, most remote 

volpes, -is, f.: a fox, vixen 

convallis, -is, f.: a valley enclosed on all sides 

salictum, -i, n.: a plantation or thicket of willows 

aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatum: to bear off, to carry away; to destroy, consume, kill, slay 

multus, -a, -um, adj.: much, great, many 


cohors, cohortis, f.: a place enclosed around, a court, enclosure, yard, pen, esp. for cattle, poultry 

avis, -is, f.: bird 

captivus, -a, -um: taken prisoner, captive; of animals, caught or taken 

stipula, -ae, f.: a stalk, stem, blade 

fenum, -i n.: hay 


involve, -ere, -vi, -utum: to roll about, wrap up, envelop, to cover, surround 



admoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum: to move, to bring, apply; to bring one thing near to another 

uro, urere, ussi, ustum: to burn


effugio, -ire, -fugi: to flee from, escape, avoid, shun 


manus, manus, f.: hand 

quā, adv.: on which side, at or in which place, in what direction, where 

fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum: to flee, run away 

incendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to set fire, to kindle, to burn 

vestio, -ire, -ivi or –ii, -itum: to cover with a garment, to dress, to clothe 

messis, -is, f.: a reaping and gathering of the fruits of the earth, a harvest 

ager, -gri, m.: land, field 

damnosus, -a, -um: full of injury, injurious, destructive, pernicious 

vīs, vis, f.: stregth, force, vigor, power, energy 


aura, -ae f.: a gentle breeze, a breath of air 

do, dare, dĕdi, dătum: to give 

factum, i, n.: that which is done, a deed, act 

abeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to go from a place, to go away, depart 

mŏnĭmentum, -i, n.: a memorial, a mark, token, or means of recognition 

maneo, manere, mansi, mansum: to remain 


dico, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say, tell, call, name 

certus, -a, -um, adj.: determined; established, settled, fixed, particular, specified 

nunc, adv.: now 

quoque conj.: likewise, also 

lex, legis f.: a law, a bill 

volpes, -is, f.: a fox, vixen 

Carseolanus, -a, -um adj.: of Carseoli, a town of the Æqui, in Latium; Carseolanian 

veto, -are, ui, -itum: not to suffer, not to permit, to oppose, forbid, to outlaw 



lŭo, luere, lui: to pay a debt or penalty; with poenas: to suffer as a punishment, undergo 

poena, -ae, f.: penalty, punishment 

gens, gentis, f.: a race, clan 


Cerialia, -ae f.: festival to Ceres 

ardeo, -ere, -risi, -rsum: to be on fire, to kindle, to blaze 



mŏdus, -i, m.: way, manner 

seges, -etis f.: a cornfield 

perdo, -dere, -dĭdi, -ditum: to destroy, to ruin 

ipse, -a, -um, pron. demonstr.: him/her/itself


pereo, perire, perivii, peritum: to die, to pass away, to go to waste 

F= the sixth nundinal day (Romans had a market week of 8 days, labeled A-H) 



proximus, -a, -um, adj.: the nearest, next 

cum, conj: when 

venio, venire, veni, ventum: to come 

terra, -ae, f.: the earth, land, ground, soil 


pateo, -ere, -ui: to stand open, lie open; be evident, obvious; to stretch out, extend 

Memnon, -onis m.: Memnon, son of Tithonus and Aurora, and king of the Ethiopians; he went to the aid 

of the Trojans, and was slain by Achilles 

in prep.+abl.: in, on 

roseus, -a, -um adj,: of roses, rosy, rose colored 

luteus, -a, -um: golden-yellow, saffron-yellow, orange-yellow; rose-colored 

mater, -tris f.: mother 

equus, -i, m.: horse, steed 

de prep.+abl: from, away from, down from 

dux, ducis, m.: leader 

laniger, -gera, -gerum: wool-bearing, fleecy 

pecus, pecudis, f.: sheep, flock, herd 


prodo, -ere, -did, -ditum: to betray 

Hellē, -ēs f.: daughter of Athamas and Nephele, sister of Phrixus; she fled with the latter from her stepmother 

Ino on a ram with a golden fleece to Colchis, but was drowned in the strait called, after her 

sol, solis m.: the sun 

abeo, -ire, -ivi, -itum: to go from a place, to go away, depart 

egredior, -ire, -gressus sum: to go out, leave, depart 

victima, -ae f.: a beast for sacrifice 

maior, maius comp. adj.: greater, larger 

adsum, adesse, affui, affuturum: to be near, to be present 

vacca, -ae f.: cow 

sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be, exist 

an, conj.: or; whether…or 

taurus, -i, m.: a bull, ox 

non adv.: not 


cognosco, -ere, -nōvi, -nĭtum: to recognize that which is already known, acknowledge, identify 

promptus, -a, -um: clear, plain, evident 

pars, -tis, f.: a part 

prĭor, prĭus, comp. adj.: former, previous, prior, first, former, front 

apparet, -ere, -ui, -itum: to come in sight, to appear, become visible, make one’s appearance


postĕrĭor, postĕrĭus, comp. adj.: that comes or follows after, next, latter, later, posterior 

lateo, -ere, -ui: to lurk, lie hid, concealed, skulk 

seu conj.: or, seu…sive: whether…or 

tamen, adv.: yet, nevertheless 


taurus, -i, m.: a bull, ox 

sive conj.: or, whether 



femina, -ae, f.: a female, a cow 

signum, signi n.: sign; constellation 

Iūno, ōnis, f.: the goddess Juno, daughter of Saturn, sister and wife of Jupiter, guardian deity of women 

invītus, -a, -um: against one's will, unwilling 

munus, -eris, n.: gift 

amor, amoris, m.: love 

habeo, habēre, habui, habitum: to have, to hold

Ovid, Fasti, IV.548-720

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