ISSN ………… - International Network for Bamboo and Rattan

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Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi – 680 653, Kerala, India This report forms part of the Consultancy project “Preparation of State of the Art Reviews (STARs) along with Annotated Bibliographies on selected topics of Bamboos and Rattans”. Project Co-ordinator : K. Sankara Pillai Project Leader Bamboo Information Centre – India OTHER STARs 1. Dendrocalamus strictus 2. Bambusa bambos 3. Management of Natural Sympodial Bamboo Stands and Plantations. 4. Collection, Conservation, Evaluation and Utilization of Rattan Germplasm. 5. Bamboos in Agroforestry Systems. This work was carried out with the financial support from the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR)
PREFACE Bamboo is regarded as a major resource that meets the need of common people and also as a poverty alleviator due to its multi purpose uses. As a result of this, bamboo resources are of great importance in the rural socio-economy of several tropical countries. As pulp and paper being the major commercial bamboo consuming sector, it is very necessary to have an updated information on the state of art related to its pulping processes and technologies for the optimal utilization of this valuable resource. It is in this context, for the proper management and utilization of bamboo for paper and pulp, the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) assigned KFRI to prepare a State of the Art Review (STAR) on Bamboos for Pulp and Paper. The report consists of three parts. In Part I, a brief highlights of pulp and paper making principles are dealt with, which is very essential to follow the Part II, Bamboo for Pulp and Paper. An annotated bibliography, arranged alphabetically by Author’s name is given in Part III. I sincerely thank INBAR for providing financial support for preparing the report. Dr. T.K. Dhamodaran, Scientist (Wood Science), Dr. R. Gnanaharan, Research Coordinator and Shri. K. Sankara Pillai, Librarian, KFRI, authors of this report deserve special mention for preparing an excellent report. I hope this report will equally be useful to researchers, wood, pulp and paper technologists and pulp industry and all concerned with the promotion of sustainable utilization of bamboo for pulp and paper. Peechi J.K.Sharma Ph.D March 2003 Director
Page 1: BAMBOO FOR PULP AND PAPER A State o
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTENTS P
Page 7 and 8: Anatomy and Chemical Constituents 3
Page 9 and 10: 2. EARLY HISTORY OF PULP AND PAPER
Page 11 and 12: 3. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND FIBRE
Page 13 and 14: mechanical and chemical processing)
Page 15 and 16: 4. PROCESSES AND PRINCIPLES 4.1. Me
Page 17 and 18: 4.2.1. Alkaline pulping processes T
Page 19 and 20: By addition of 0.05 per cent AQ, th
Page 21 and 22: In the kraft semichemical process,
Page 23 and 24: cellulose derivative must first be
Page 25 and 26: 4.2.4.3. Nitric acid pulping The ni
Page 27 and 28: commune (Ramaswami and Ramanathan 1
Page 29 and 30: Pulp bleaching chemicals can be cla
Page 31 and 32: Hypochlorite can be used in a singl
Page 33 and 34: pH. The use of bio-catalysts can ac
Page 35 and 36: continuously. The second major type
Page 37 and 38: which they are manufactured. An ext
Page 39 and 40: 5.3. History of pulp production fro
Page 41 and 42: El Bassam and Jakob (1996) 146 repo
Page 43 and 44: Prophylactic treatment with a mixtu
Page 45 and 46: making with bamboo(Singh 1989) 77 p
Page 47 and 48: var. pubescens; Razzaque et al. (19
Page 49 and 50: The difference in the lignin conten
Page 51 and 52: Within a culm, the proportion of di
Page 53 and 54:
indicates its suitability for pulp
Page 55 and 56:
High-yield and good quality pulp, e
Page 57 and 58:
9.2. Chemical pulping Bamboo pulp h
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therefore, not only beneficial at l
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carefully chosen cooking conditions
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and burst index by about 15 per cen
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digestion with hot water (150 0 C)
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obtained at an impregnation tempera
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percentage of hardwoods in the mixt
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(Ku and Pan 1975) 224 . Chang and D
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hardwoods (50:50 mixture) was descr
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adverse effects are not much (Suman
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11. BEATING As bamboo fibres are he
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12. PULP AND SHEET CHARACTERISTICS
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conditions, from 41-47 per cent (Ch
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Scandinavian birch (0.66) and eucal
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14. TYPES OF PAPER Experiments cond
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effective cooking is not the length
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and knotter (nodes) rejects in a ba
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7. Bambusa bambos (Syn. Bambusa aru
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15. Bambusa oldhamii Mechanical pul
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Fibre morphology; effect of age on
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30. Dendrocalamus latiflorus Indust
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34. Gigantochloa aspera Chemical co
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48. Ochlandra scriptoria (Syn. Ochl
Page 103 and 104:
57. Phyllostachys pubescens Mechani
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71. Teinostachyum dullooa (Syn. Neo
Page 107 and 108:
APPENDIX - 2 A. Proximate chemical
Page 109 and 110:
A. Survey of pulping processes APPE
Page 111 and 112:
B. Non-conventional pulping procedu
Page 113 and 114:
C. Characteristics of rayon grade p
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C. The symbols used to describe the
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APPENDIX - 7 Mean values of strengt
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A. Grades of paper Sl No. APPENDIX
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3 Wrapping or bag papers - Kraft pa
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7 Bristol 8 Paperboards - Boxboards
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either ply. Board with three or mor
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PART - III ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
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December 1951, Dehra Dun. 1956. Vol
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Strength properties of the standard
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ellirica and 2.5 - 5 per cent each
Page 135 and 136:
62. Pande, G.C. 1970. A modified te
Page 137 and 138:
80. Stevens, R.H. 1958. Bamboo or w
Page 139 and 140:
94. Gamble, J.S. 1896. The bambusea
Page 141 and 142:
The suitability of bamboo species f
Page 143 and 144:
123. Surendran, P.N. Status paper o
Page 145 and 146:
Part I gives an account of investig
Page 147 and 148:
154. Guha, S.R.D. 1961. Bamboo as a
Page 149 and 150:
173. Maheshwari, S; Satpathy, K.C.
Page 151 and 152:
A brief review of pre-and post-war
Page 153 and 154:
206. Virtucio, F.D; Uriate, M.T; Ur
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Gives the results of chemical analy
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237. Singh, S.V; Rai, A.K; Singh, S
Page 159 and 160:
degree of delignification. ABCP 18t
Page 161 and 162:
With a view to possible utilization
Page 163 and 164:
276. Bist, D.P.S; Singh, S.V; Singh
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292. Idei, T. 1981. D.P [degree of
Page 167 and 168:
Acidolysis products of milled wood
Page 169 and 170:
lignin content fell from 36.5 to 29
Page 171 and 172:
follow a similar pattern. A conside
Page 173 and 174:
351. Shanmughavel, P; Francis, K. 1
Page 175 and 176:
362. Eberhardt, L. 1968. Hi-yield a
Page 177 and 178:
Conventional soda pulping results i
Page 179 and 180:
391. Gremler, E.R; McGorovern, J.N.
Page 181 and 182:
407. Karim, M.S; Islam, M.A; Khalid
Page 183 and 184:
indica and Ulmus [Pinus] wallichian
Page 185 and 186:
Kraft Pulping 443. Alam, M.R; Barua
Page 187 and 188:
457a. Guha, S.R.D; Singh, M.M; Shar
Page 189 and 190:
Bamboo pulps with the best physical
Page 191 and 192:
491. Ghosh, S.R; Saikia, C.N. 1996.
Page 193 and 194:
506. Grant, J. 1964. Beating charac
Page 195 and 196:
530. Roy, T.K; Bist, V; Pant, R. Bl
Page 197 and 198:
544. Chandra, A; Guha, S.R.D. 1981.
Page 199 and 200:
555. Kumar, S; Singh, M.M; Guha, S.
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566. Singh, M.M. 1977. Summary of F
Page 203 and 204:
Das, S.C 233 Deb, D.B 90 Deb, U.K 2
Page 205 and 206:
Lakshmana, A.C 106 Lakshmi Sharma 3
Page 207 and 208:
Seethalakshmi, K.K 118 Sekhar, T 25
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ISSN ………… - International Network for Bamboo and Rattan

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