Luc Racaut PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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seulement de quatorze ans trois jours, moyennant la sage conduite de la tres vertueuse Royne Blanche sa mere'. 29 Repeating what he had done with Francois II in 1560 after the tumult of Amboise, du Tillet emphasised the comparison between Louis IX and Charles IX who was close to celebrating his twelfth birthday at that time. This analogy was as much intended for Catherine de Medicis, since during the minority of Louis IX (1226-1230), Blanche de Castille had faced the rebellion of the counts of Bretagne, Champagne and la Marche." Du Tillet pressed the point that the Catholic Church and the Crown had been in a symbiotic relationship for so long that challenging the one necessarily implied armed rebellion against the other. Furthermore, he observed that the rebellion of the nobles had been encouraged by the young age of the King during the regency of Blanche de Castille: Ledit Roy sainct Loys son fils aisne, & aage seulement de premier Decembre 1226. (qu'il flit courronne & sacre) de unze ans sept mois six jours, soubs la regence de la Royne Blanche sa mere, le Comte de Tholoze, mesprisant la jeunesse du Roy & la domination de la Royne, leur commencea la guerre.31 The whole book could be conceived as a warning to the Protestant nobility, and the Prince de Conde in particular, using the fate of comte Raymond de Toulouse as a deterrent against rebellion: 'La lecture des piteuses cheutes de grandes maisons, autres calamitez & miseres de plus puissans qu'eux possibles les retiendra'. 32 In this statement we find the repetition of part of Jean Gay's title: `plusieurs grands princes, 29 Jean du Tillet, Sommaire de l'histoire de la guerre faicte contre les heretiques Albigeois, extraicte du Tresor des Chartres du Roy par feu Jehan du Tillet Prothenotaire & Secretaire de la maison & Couronne de France, Greffier du Parlement de Paris, sieur de la Bussiere (Paris, Robert Nivelle, 1590), sig. d7r. 30 Polydori Vergilii, Urbinatis Anglicae historiae libri vigintifex (Basel, 1546), p. 297. 31 Du Tillet, Sommaire de l'histoire de la guerre, sig. D5r. 32 Du Tillet, Sommaire de l'histoire de la guerre, sig. V". 87
& seigneurs sont tombez en extremes desolations & ruynes, pour avoir favorise aux heretiques'. 33 Henceforth, the comparison with the Albigensian Crusade went from strength to strength, with implications for both Protestants and Catholics. For if the comparison with Albigensians was designed to hurt the Protestants, it also carried a clear political message to young King Charles EX to lead a crusade against them. * * * Charles IX reached his majority in August 1563 at the age of 13, in Rouen, as part of an initiative orchestrated by Catherine de Medicis, to have the Peace of Amboise registered by the reluctant Parlements. 34 The Edict of Amboise of March 1563 was greeted with as much resistance from the Parlement of Paris as the Edict of January 1562, and the regional Parlements followed suit. The declaration of the King's majority took the shape of a lit de justice, which was unprecedented outside Paris, forcing the reluctant Parlement of Rouen to register the Edict. Mack Holt argues that this event was designed to chastise the Parlement of Paris which had made the majority of the King a condition of its registering the edict. 35 On 15 February 1563, shortly before the controversy, Jean du Tillet signed the privilege enabling the publication of a Response aux blasphemateurs de la saincte messe which made a further call to the eradication of heresy. Its author, Esprit Rotier, was an inquisitor and Dean of the University of Toulouse, which had been founded by Pope Innocent III in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade. It reproduced the points that had been made regarding the King's majority, in evoking the forebears of Charles IX who had started their reign in their teens: Et pouvons estimer que la divine providence a pertnis ces monstres & perverses sectes entrer en vostre Royaume, afin que vous ayez le los & gloire a tout jamais les avoir en ce vostre jeune aage chassez 33 Gay, Histoire des scismes. 34 Janine Garrisson, A History of Sixteenth-Century France, 1483-1598: Renaissance, Reformation and Rebellion (London, 1995), p. 263. 35 M. P. Holt, The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 (Cambridge, 1995), PP. 57-8. 88
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2,
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Abstract: 'Aspects of Anti-Protesta
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Table of contents: Declarations ii
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Editorial note: The spelling of six
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introduction to the Flugschriften g
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Introduction. The historiography of
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eligious message. Consequently, the
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number of forbidden books resulted
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who had not been appointed from the
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of a usable bibliography of sixteen
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Chapter 1: The problem of violence
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for the first time to the ritual si
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A more recent contender for the exp
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avoir dessine ses premiers contours
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approach is problematic at best as
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C'est parce que J. Garrisson-Estêb
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fabric, even symbolic or imaginary,
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heretic. The theatre of execution b
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'a collective memory of prophetic w
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might, in the end, provide a more c
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Mark Greengrass has offered a balan
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applied unashamedly to Protestants.
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The crisis of the French Wars of Re
Page 48 and 49: aware of the presence of clandestin
Page 50 and 51: esponse to the comparison with the
Page 52 and 53: the rumour that they had assembled
Page 54 and 55: De Mouchy was the most senior membe
Page 56 and 57: to be enjoyed after the candles wer
Page 58 and 59: le croire'. 15 St Augustine (354-43
Page 60 and 61: groups had branched off from the 'm
Page 62 and 63: persecutory mechanism specific to m
Page 64 and 65: (1522) and Alphonso de Castro's Adv
Page 66 and 67: contre luy au treiziesme Chapitre.
Page 68 and 69: propos le Satyrique.38 Finally, lep
Page 70 and 71: cuydans rompre ce desseing de sa ma
Page 72 and 73: spirituelles. Et apres que ilz ont
Page 74 and 75: Mouchy was ill at ease with this ar
Page 76 and 77: mention that their mother forced th
Page 78 and 79: Damoyselles, qui favorisoient ceux
Page 80 and 81: plot to take over the kingdom. Even
Page 82 and 83: The defeat of St Quentin would have
Page 84 and 85: & Allemaigne. Ce qu'ils s'efforcent
Page 86 and 87: Catholic authors attempted to dehum
Page 88 and 89: crucial to the understanding of its
Page 90 and 91: a variety of heretical groups, rang
Page 92 and 93: also accused Guise of wanting to us
Page 94 and 95: Chancellor and applied conciliatory
Page 96 and 97: estrangier... qui chacun jour chang
Page 100 and 101: & extirpez de tout vostre Royaume..
Page 102 and 103: L'HOpital along with his conciliato
Page 104 and 105: Montfort. But Simon de Montfort was
Page 106 and 107: Crusade was the influence it had, n
Page 108 and 109: these associations by name reveal t
Page 110 and 111: eceu la benediction des Evesques, &
Page 112 and 113: were moderate or radical dualists,
Page 114 and 115: may explain the confusion that emer
Page 116 and 117: Otherwise it is to be thoug,hte, an
Page 118 and 119: factor was that the Albigensians ha
Page 120 and 121: doctrine peu differente A celle des
Page 122 and 123: At last, a Protestant history of th
Page 124 and 125: florissantes, come a Castres d'Albi
Page 126 and 127: Nicolas Vignier, author of the Recu
Page 128 and 129: - huc illuc ab eo tempore dispersi
Page 130 and 131: The progress of Jean-Paul Perrin, w
Page 132 and 133: l'eau, comme un fleuve, de sa gueul
Page 134 and 135: pals circonvoisins sont comme la mo
Page 136 and 137: culture as in Rabelais, Erasmus, or
Page 138 and 139: the Reformation was a manifestation
Page 140 and 141: membres. In it hath he placed the e
Page 142 and 143: sentiment & un mesme jugement: tene
Page 144 and 145: econciliation with Lutheranism were
Page 146 and 147: Evil', and it is only because the K
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constante en son inconstance: mais
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Mendicant Orders, and it is the Fra
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y men of the Church, was all summed
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had an emancipating effect on women
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de verite' 56; a turn of phrase als
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scavans, seuls saincts, seuls enfan
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Vous deviez considerer, mes amyes,
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Women's contribution to congregatio
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declared them to be unconstant, var
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les serviteurs contre le maistre'.
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accusations in mind. Women represen
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The Catholic borrowed from this tra
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avec les flues des hommes, encores
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Mais toute leur tragedie, & ce gran
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monstrer leurs paillardises, il fau
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of the century, and the 'world turn
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needed Protestant response was limi
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stemming of the flow of books which
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pamphlets. All these men were in th
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personal hatred of the Guise family
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attitude to persecution and martyrd
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Si la terre tremble. S'il y a famin
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Although these accusations are a fa
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divulger ses menteries & desloyaute
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trahison qui contraignit feu de bon
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elittle the impact of his ideas: Ii
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But as we have seen, Conrad Badius
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comme d'un personnage sur un eschaf
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Marot had been a court poet at the
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argues that Cointa would have defen
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l'apparence de femmes de bien en le
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Histoire Ecclesiastique (1580). But
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the Vaudois to Geneva also plays a
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were used by Nicolas Vignier in the
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terre, tans 6s choses spirituelles
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Alb igeois.92 Ironically, it seems
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eaching the wider audience of those
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persecution of the Antichrist. The
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etc.), touj ours prets a troubler l
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person", while deriving from the Gr
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Frangaise (1549). 16 Theodore de Be
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After the dramatic outcome of the P
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observed by Francis Higman, heralds
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sermon was probably to the sixteent
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L'hesitation entre oral et &tit, re
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material really had on the populati
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through print alone.50 This example
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debat theologique, la critique et l
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commitments or actions63 By definit
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spread by the Catholics as responsi
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eligion. The nationalistic argument
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discerned from the sample collected
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pour n'offencer les oreilles Chrest
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media can carry the bacilli through
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semer faux bruits, & abbreuver le m
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the assassination of Mary Queen of
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the vernacular were creating. As I
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estre cy apres: A la Royne mere du
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Bordier, H. L. ed., Le Chansonnier
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Nicolas Chesneau, 1561). [Des Galla
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Flacius Illyricus, Matthias, Catalo
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foy catholique (Paris, Vascosan, 15
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Ruby, Claude de, Discours sur la co
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l'excommunication en toutes religio
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Berea, Yves-Marie, Fête et Rev°lt
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Dompnier, Bernard, 'Les Marques de
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dans l'Europe de la Renaissance: Ac
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Le Clech-Charton, Sylvie, 'Le senti
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Pettegree, Andrew, 'Religious Print
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in France', Zion, 28 (1963), 70-85.
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Luc Racaut PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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