OSINT Nuggets Newsletter Vol 1 Issue 5 - Allsource Global ...

INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
The End of Privacy 1
Border Patrol 3
IEDs/EFPs 4
Arizona/Southwest Border 5
Northern Border 12
Drones 13
OSINT
Syria 16
Kurdistan 17
Mongolia 17
Drug Smuggling 20
Money Laundering 22
Terrorism 26
The Stans 28
Russia 29
Exploiting Open Source 31
News For Parents 31
Open Source Intelligence
(OSINT): Open source
intelligence refers to intelligence
based on information gathered
from open sources, i.e.
information available to the
general public. This includes
newspapers, the internet, books,
phone books, scientific journals,
radio broadcasts, television, and
others. Collection of information
in OSINT format is a very
different process in comparison
to the collection of other
intelligence disciplines because,
by definition, the information
sources are publicly available
versus covertly collected.
So what’s the beef?
Americans have always been
under constant surveillance.
Whether as motorists or
pedestrians; as visitors to
convenience stores, banks,
ATM machines or the post
office; as shoppers with credit
cards or telephone users;
even at leisure, in parks,
playgrounds and golf
courses, we're constantly on
candid camera. 1 We can also
look back to the time of
McCarthy and the 1 st and 2 nd
Red Scares of 1917-1920
and 1950-1954 respectively,
and the time of J. Edgar
Hoover in the 50s and 60s.
So why is it now that it
infuriates us when it comes to
surveillance? Back then it
was not about peeking into
our bedrooms, and if I wasn’t
a communist why should I
mind the surveillance. The
real issue now is the stealthy
high tech that goes with the
surveillance. Drones the size
of insects can very easily fly
into our homes, land on the
wall, and collect all sorts of
information. They are
capable of IMINT, SIGINT,
and I would venture to say
OSINT Nuggets
Volume 1, Issue 5 Tuesday, September 4, 2012
The End of Privacy: Americans Under Surveillance
quite possibly MASINT.
Then there are the drones
at great heights that we
cannot observe, peeking
into our backyards, and I
can say with certain
accuracy there is room for
abuse. We are repulsed
because of the sneakiness
behind it all in the name of
countering terrorism or
some other somethingism.
Let’s face it that full-time
surveillance is to be the
reality of modern life and if
improperly used that
equipment can easily see
into our homes and offices.
Our expectations of privacy
are dependent of where we
are in public, on our own
property or someone else's.
Large portions of our lives
can easily be reconstructed
just by using cameras and
other equipment at banks
and office buildings, on
street corners and
highways, in parking
garages, subways and
buses. 2 Those are the
systems we know about
and are used to but it is the
unknowns that concern us
about our privacy.
Publisher & Layout Design: Mr. E. Ben Benavides, bbenavides@agmaz.com
Chief Editor: Mr. Brad Branderhorst, bbranderhorst@agmaz.com
The NYPD just recently
unveiled what they refer to
as the “Domain Awareness
System” capable of going
backwards in time to track
where a person has been
in the past few days, weeks
or months.
The Martians, if they do
exist, aren’t too happy
either I suppose. They are
34 million miles away at
their closest point to Earth
and we are spying on them
with curiosity/Curiosity.
Sorry, I just had to throw
that one in there.
…and just when we think
our privacy is somewhat
secure when we’re out in
public, someone decides
they would like to know just
a little bit more about us as
this video shows.
http://www.cnn.com/video/?
hpt=hp_c2#/video/us/2012/
08/08/man-takes-photo-upwomans-skirt.kprc
If someone is brave
enough as to be so blatant
in public think of what they
will do when they know no
one is watching them with
their sophisticated and
stealthy systems.
The views expressed in this Newsletter are those of the authors and do not reflect policy or
position of AllSource Global Management.
All input is based on open source harvesting and should not be considered open source
intelligence, but more specifically should not be considered as actionable intelligence.
Anyone wishing to contribute an item for publication is highly encouraged and should contact Mr.
Benavides at the above email.

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Page 2 of 33
November 20, 2002, Pentagon's "Total Information Awareness" database is step toward police state, Libertarians say.
WASHINGTON, DC -- A massive public surveillance system under development by the Pentagon - called "Total
Information Awareness" - could help lay the framework for a police state in America and should be halted immediately,
Libertarians say.
"This is Big Brother on steroids," said George Getz, Libertarian Party communications director. "The government of
a free country shouldn't want surveillance powers like these. And the fact that the government wants them is proof that it
shouldn't have them."
The goal of the program, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), is to construct a
"virtual, centralized, grand database" containing every Americans' electronic transactions, such as credit card purchases,
bank and medical records, travel data, e-mails and phone calls. That information is to be linked with biometric data such as
face recognition technology and digital fingerprints, and provided instantly to law enforcement to detect patterns of terrorist
activity, the government says.
Spearheading the initiative is former Navy Rear Adm. John Poindexter, a Reagan administration official who was
implicated in the illegal sale of arms to the Nicaraguan Contras.
As the anti-privacy aspects of the project have become clear, civil liberties groups and editorial pages around the
USA have urged Congress to torpedo the program.
"This project sends a message that every American should find repugnant," Getz said. "Namely, that politicians and
bureaucrats view America as a sea of criminal suspects whose private behavior must be tracked, catalogued and analyzed,
just in case they commit a crime.
"So much for the presumption of innocence and the right to privacy. Just as in totalitarian states, your rights
disappear at the whim of a shadowy government employee intent on spawning another database.
"Unless this Orwellian project is dismantled, innocent Americans will suffer under the kind of high-tech, 24-hour
surveillance that the Stasi and the KGB would have envied."
Like most counterterrorism measures, Total Information Awareness is based on a myth, Libertarians say - the myth
that the only way to prevent terrorism is to erode Americans' freedom.
"But there's already an effective, constitutional way to gather evidence against any criminal suspect: Go to court and
get a warrant," Getz said. "Call it Total Constitutional Awareness.
"The fact that terrorists destroyed thousands of lives on September 11 doesn't give politicians the right to destroy
the privacy of millions of other innocent individuals. It's time to tell the government: We are citizens, not criminal suspects.
Pull the plug on this un-American spy scheme."
Comment/Analysis: The only reason I posted the above article is to show how far back the thinking goes on this type of
surveillance system. It appears to have matured from Total Information Awareness to Domain Awareness System. The time
lag between the two is 10 years, so one can only imagine how sophisticated it could actually be. However, I do have a
question. Are we becoming what we used to abhor about the Soviet Union and how it treated its citizens during the Cold
War? That is a hard question to answer since there is a bit of merit to some type of surveillance. Would a countless number
of missing persons have benefited from something like this? Think of all the missing persons that were actually abducted
and not just simply decided to run away from home and are safe.
August 6, 2012, License-plate scanners let gov't track your travels. When you drive the
highways of Southern Arizona, the government may be taking a picture of your license plate,
recording where you were and when.
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has installed automatic license-plate
readers along Interstate 19 and uses them along other highways, like Arizona 86. Some
local agencies in Arizona, such as Tucson police, also sometimes use readers in patrol cars.
The agencies using the devices say they are largely for detecting stolen cars and
drug loads, and that information on innocent vehicles goes nowhere. But some people worry
that the readers are ripe for abuse.
"They take pictures of everyone who goes past the camera," said Anjali Abraham, public policy director for the
American Civil Liberties Union in Arizona "Everybody's sharing in this pool of information about us, about how we move
around in our day. It's being accessed at all levels of government, perhaps quite easily."
For residents of the border area, the readers are just the latest element of surveillance added to daily life, along with
checkpoints on the highways, sensors in the ground and drones in the air.

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Last week, the ACLU filed public-records requests in 38 states seeking
detailed information about how law enforcement agencies are using the
license-plate readers and the data they collect. In Arizona, the group filed
requests with the Tucson, Chandler and Phoenix police departments, as well
as the Pinal County Sheriff's Office and the Arizona Department of Public
Safety.
However, the DEA may be the most visible user of the readers. The
agency has installed one set of equipment along southbound Interstate 19,
just south of the Border Patrol's checkpoint at kilometer 40. It's a set of a
dozen devices that look like cameras and lights on stands, powered by a
generator attached to a trailer.
"We cannot provide specific locations of the scanners, only that they
are located in the Southwest border states including Arizona; doing so can potentially
compromise ongoing investigations and threaten the safety of our agents and the
public," a DEA spokeswoman, Special Agent Ramona Sanchez, said in an email.
License-plate readers "are used to monitor and target vehicles commonly used to transport bulk cash and illegal
contraband along U.S. interstates," she wrote. "They promote information sharing and coordination" through a mechanism
that notifies authorities when common links between investigations are identified.
The DEA has also used clusters of readers along Arizona 86 and other highways on the Tohono O'odham Nation,
an area frequented by smugglers.
Last year, Tohono O'odham Police Chief Joseph Delgado told The Runner newspaper that the devices also were
being used in two places along Federal Route 15 and along Federal Route 42 in the northern part of the reservation.
A Tohono O'odham spokesman did not return emails seeking comment.
The DEA has reduced the length of time that it keeps the information collected from two years to 180 days, an
agency spokesman told the California Watch news agency last month.
Tucson police don't retain any of the information collected by the readers they use, said Sgt. Maria Hawke. They
use readers as part of an auto-theft task force operated by Arizona DPS, often by driving through apartment-complex
parking lots and checking for stolen cars.
"What essentially happens is the reader is a mechanism used to do those queries. The reader doesn't retain the
information," she said.
Members of a group that raised concerns about the Border Patrol's checkpoint on I-19 were not especially worried
about the privacy considerations involved in license-plate checks, said Rich Bohman, president of the Santa Cruz Valley
Citizens Council. They were more concerned about the lights used with the scanners at night, because they can distract
drivers, especially elderly ones, Bohman said.
"From my own personal standpoint, if this is effective in helping stop money and guns from traveling into Mexico, I
think our citizens would support it," he said.
There is some public resistance to license-plate readers. In June, public protests forced the DEA to drop a proposal
to install readers along Interstate 15 in southwestern Utah.
But things like this are just the way of the future, said David Shirk, director of the Trans-Border Institute at the
University of San Diego.
"Governments and law enforcement have so much capacity today, thanks to technology, to monitor our every day
movement," Shirk said. "To me, license plate readers on freeways is the least of our problems.
http://azstarnet.com/news/local/border/license-plate-scanners-let-gov-t-track-your-travels/article_a3ee4b9c-a154-5da1-9a5fe9f0ef490b32.html
Border Patrol News
August 11, 2012, 2 former Border Patrol agents convicted of human smuggling. SAN DIEGO — Two
former U.S. Border Patrol agents who fled to Mexico while under investigation for smuggling hundreds
of illegal immigrants into the country were found guilty Friday of multiple counts of conspiracy, bribery
and human smuggling.

OSINT Nuggets
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The conviction ends a long-running case that became an example of the pernicious reach of corruption into Border
Patrol ranks. Raul Villarreal, 42, was once the face of the agency in the San Diego area, making frequent appearances on
Spanish-language television newscasts as a media liaison.
He once played the role of a cold-hearted Mexican smuggler in a public service announcement meant to discourage
immigrants from making dangerous border crossings.
In the field, Raul and his brother, Fidel Villarreal, 44, partnered with Mexican smugglers who guided immigrants on
foot across the border in the rugged backcountry east of San Diego. The brothers picked up the immigrants and transported
them farther into the country in their official government vehicles, according to prosecutors.
Two smugglers who partnered with the brothers were also convicted of taking part in the scheme, which ran from
2005 to 2006. Over the two-year period, dozens of smuggling runs brought about 500 immigrants into the country,
generating up to $4 million in profits, according to investigators from Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
Some of the immigrants were drug traffickers and other criminals, investigators said. More than a dozen witnesses
during the one-month trial were immigrants helped into the country by the brothers.
The federal investigation took an embarrassing turn in 2006 when Raul and Fidel fled from their home in a San
Diego suburb after being tipped off to the probe. Two years later, Mexican federal agents arrested the Villarreals in a gated
apartment complex near the U.S. Consulate in Tijuana. One of the brothers tried to run away but was captured.
The conviction highlights a surge of corruption cases along the Southwest border as U.S. Customs and Border
Protection expands its ranks. Since October 2004, at least 134 Border Patrol agents and Customs officers have been
indicted or convicted on corruption-related charges.
Each brother faces a maximum of 50 years in prison at a sentencing hearing in November.
http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-border-corrupt-20120811,0,6028209.story
Related links:
Border Patrol Smuggling Case: Federal Jury Finds Raul And Fidel Villarreal Guilty In High-Profile Corruption Case.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/border-patrol-smuggling-guilty_n_1766512.html
Comment/Analysis: The numbers speak for themselves. The lure of high-paying easy money is just too great to pass up
even for those trusted in law enforcement. I suppose what really bothers me is that they were involved in human smuggling
which is the same as human trafficking, a multibillion dollar a year dealing. I was going to refer to it as a business but the
truth is it is not a business, it is a sin (see article on human trafficking in this issue). Those are the ones who were caught
and no telling how many are active while they are on duty.
IEDs/EFPs
What is an Improvised Explosive Device (IED)? An IED is an improvised system to deliver an explosive charge. It includes
nearly any common object from a pipe to a vehicle, an empty coke can or light bulb. The types of IEDs are only limited by
the imagination of the bomber.
August 1, 2012, Pentagon to recruit bomb-sniffing rats. A pet rat that can sniff out explosives could become standard gear
for future American soldiers. The Pentagon is conducting research into teaching rats to detect mines and explosives, in
hopes of saving lives and reducing military expenditures.
Scientists at the US Army Research Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and
engineers at the Counter Explosive Hazards Center busy studying rat psychology, reported army.mil, the US Army’s official
website.
These researchers are working with Barron Associates, Inc., a defense contractor that has won a bid to produce a
cheap and reliable training program for rats that can detect explosives in hostile environment.
The Rugged Automated Training System’s (RATS) chief aims are low cost and ease of production. The program,
managed by the Life Sciences Division of the Army Research Office, is expected to “solve an immediate Army need for
safer and lower-cost mine removal," said William Gressick, senior research engineer at Barron.
Despite being at least as intelligent and scent-savvy as bomb-sniffing dogs, rats are also much more mobile, easier
to transport and consume much less food. They can also infiltrate hard-to-reach openings.

OSINT Nuggets
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Animals remain the most reliable explosives detection system, capable of identifying bombs at much higher rates
than mechanical systems. RATS could also be used for non-military purposes. In the future, rats might be deployed by
emergency teams on search-and-rescue operations.
The program “would also create new opportunities for using animals to detect anything from mines to humans
buried in earthquake rubble," said Micheline Strand, chief of Army Research’s Life Sciences Division.
"Training dogs is very expensive. If we can significantly reduce the cost of a trained animal, then we could provide
more animals to protect soldiers," Strand said.
The US is not the first country to consider using rodents to sniff out explosives. Several media outlets reported last
year that Israel was training mice to detect bombs and drugs at airports. A report was released earlier this year detailing
how Colombian police are training lab rats to detect hidden explosives.
Between 15,000 and 20,000 people die annually worldwide because of landmines, which sometimes stay active for
decades. Rats could become an indispensable tool for clearing minefields, making them safe for civilian use.
https://rt.com/usa/news/rat-de-miner-us-army-588/
Comment/Analysis: As you can see by the following article, this has actually been going on for a while.
November 10, 2010, These Rats Are The World’s Cutest Bomb Squad.
This is a baby rat in a minuscule harness somewhere in Tanzania. He’s got his
nose in the air, but he’s not looking for cheese. He’s actually sniffing out deadly
landmines.
It takes a pair of trained humans a full day to clear a 186sqm square foot
minefield. But if they work with a pair of rats, they can do it in just two hours. That’s
why APOPO, a Dutch organisation working in Tanzania, is training baby rats to
become mine-sniffers that are as effective as they are adorable. They’re more efficient
to train than dogs, and they’ve already proven their stuff in neighbouring Mozambique,
where they’ve successfully cleared patches of land.
The rats start their training when they’re just four weeks old, early enough for them to overcome their natural fear of
humans. They’re conditioned to associate a clicking sound with a food treat, and then trained to distinguish the scent of
TNT. When they correctly identify explosives in tests, the click is sounded and they’re rewarded with a bit of banana. After
some nine months of rigorous daily training, the sniffer rats are ready for work in the field.
The rodents are also being used to help screen samples for tuberculosis in Tanzanian hospitals, where lab tests are
often only 60 percent accurate. In the future, members of APOPO explain, rats could be used to sniff out narcotics or locate
people trapped after catastrophes. It’s just like that old book If You Give a Mouse a Cookie: If you train a mouse save lives
by sniffing out mines, he’ll want to learn how to save lives in a whole bunch of other really impressive and adorable ways
too. http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2010/11/these-rats-are-the-worlds-cutest-bomb-squad/
GlobalIncidentMap.Com Open Source IED Report. IED Explosions, Bomb Threats, Scares, Hoaxes, Thefts Of Explosives,
And Other Explosive Plots 07-21-2012 – 08-03-2012. (Now sorted by Country And Date by popular request)
http://stapleton-group.com/pdf/GIMIEDREPORT08032012.pdf
Arizona, The Southwest Border and Beyond
August 12, 2012, The Pentagon Mission: to Catch El Chapo. . . . or to Kill Him. Military sources
in Mexico and the United States confirmed the existence of a plan to catch "Or Kill" El Chapo Guzman,
prepared by the Pentagon and the Mexican government, proposed and accepted in principle by
President Calderon. Virtually the same plan that led to the killing of Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan, the
plan would be carried out exclusively by members of the United States Navy, with no intervention of the
Mexican military or Mexican police. Only outright rejection from the high command of the Mexican
military has denied the operation....But the Pentagon remains hopeful that the next administration will
be open to accept it.
Given how difficult it's been to catch Joaquin 'El Chapo' Guzman, the U.S. government has prepared a plan to
capture the drug kingpin, in an operation similar to that held in Pakistan last year in the assassination of Osama Bin Laden.

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Military sources in Mexico and the U.S. confirm the existence of the plan, which was developed by the Pentagon
several months ago and now is being held back because it is an operation that was designed with only Americans in mind,
an idea that is not viewed with pleasure by their Mexican counterparts.
The plan was introduced to Felipe Calderon who promoted it among the armed forces. And although there was a
sharp rejection by the Mexican Army and Navy, Washington has not thrown away the plan and propose to show it to the
next Mexican president, Enrique Pena.
The plan exists upon an order from the Department of Defense and the U.S. Northern Command who have it
considered as a priority mission, said a senior Mexican Army source, who by agreement is kept anonymous.
The Pentagon is frustrated that the Mexican government has not been able to recapture Guzman Loera since his
escape from the maximum security prison Puente Grande, in Jalisco, on January 2001 during the presidency of Vicente
Fox. El Chapo has escaped at least six times from being captured, military sources have confirmed.
The most recent occurred last February in a seaside mansion in Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, one day after U.S.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was on an official visit to Mexico. The information needed to capture
the drug lord has been provided by U.S. agencies, primarily the DEA, so Mexico's "failed attempt" at
capturing El Chapo has angered Washington.
For Mexico, the eventual U.S. military intervention of detaining El Chapo on Mexican land is
"Very Risky," because in addition to a clear violation of Mexico's Constitution could also lead to all sorts
of problems, said the military official. The proposed operation is in accordance with Mexico and was
designed by military strategists of the special forces of the Department of Defense of the United States
(the Pentagon).
The execution of the operation would be run by the Navy SEALs, a specially trained group
consisting of navy commandos trained for covert actions in enemy territory by sea, air or land. The
operation would be similar to the one accomplished in Pakistan (Capture or kill) Bin Laden, who was killed in his hideout in
May 2011.
Special Forces helicopters reached the Muslim leader's bunker on the outskirts of Islamabad, near the Pakistani
military academy. From the success of the Bin Laden operation, Calderon explained that the plan to stop El Chapo would be
"simple, quick and precise".
In the mountains of Sinaloa, where Guzman Loera is known to go in and out at will, the plan states that capturing
him would require a special SEAL team with the support of three digital high-tech drones operated by remote control and
armed with missiles. Special Forces would move in from Sinaloa and Durango in armed helicopters. On reaching the target,
two of the teams would remain with one on the ground and another in the air, backed by drones, to prevent any retaliation
from Chapo's soldiers.
In 10 or 15 minutes both teams would catch the target and complete the objective, according to the proposed
operation. The Special Forces would eliminate any of Chapo's security on the spot (shoot to kill) as they did with the 'Bin
Laden' operation and in case El Chapo were killed, the SEALs team would have to recover the body.
The operation against El Chapo would be observed and addressed in "Real Time" from the headquarters of the
Pentagon's Northern Command, and also from the offices of the National Security Council of the White House.
In the operation against bin Laden, President Barack Obama followed step by step from the White House (the work
of the Navy SEALs), but in the Mexican operation, the Pentagon commanders would be responsible for monitoring the
operation.
The plan does not include the Mexican military, Army or Navy. Mexican soldiers will enter only to present the results
of the operation.
According to the military commander who consulted with PROCESO, it is clear that the U.S. has the capacity to
capture Chapo in Mexico, but in order to do it, the U.S. soldiers would have to disguise themselves by wearing the uniforms
of some kind of Mexican Law Enforcement, for example, the Mexican Federal Police.
The U.S. Northern Command was created in 2002 by the Pentagon after the attacks of Al Qaeda in order to perform
"delicate" missions and to protect the security of Canada, the U.S. and Mexico," so capturing El Chapo is considered as a
mission.
Washington equates the Mexican drug cartels with terrorists and therefore are considered a threat to national
security. Consequently, the Northern Command takes an obligation to act against drug traffickers, the military chief added.
http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2012/08/the-pentagon-mission-to-catch-el-chapo.html
Comment/Analysis: I’m wondering if POTUS isn’t trying for another Osama Bin Laden adventure in a political year.
A coup against Chapo Guzman would definitely ensure another four years. So what brings up this drug cartel threat to
national security stuff? Well that gives us a solid excuse to go after Guzman. But wait! Was it not in 1984 that President

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Page 7 of 33
Reagan declared that illicit drugs were a threat to national security? We can go back even further to 1971 when President
Richard Nixon declared a war on drugs strategy. Nixon told Congress that drug addiction had assumed the dimensions of a
national emergency and it is assumed because of the addiction among soldiers fighting in Vietnam. In my view national
emergency is the same as threat to national security. Look at it this way, soldiers protect our country and if they are not
capable of doing that because of drug use then our security is at risk so in reality drugs are a threat to national security.
Only problem back then was that no one cartel really had the market on drugs as it happens to be now next door to the
USA; back then it was waaaaay south in South America. So now we decide that Mexican drug cartels are a threat to
national security. Besides, according to the article further down in this section, in 2011 Ecuador’s military warned that drug
trafficking posed a threat to national security, pointing out that Mexico’s Sinaloa cartel and other transnational criminal
groups operate in Ecuador because of its proximity to Colombia and other coca-producing countries. Ecuador is also
considered a good location from which to ship large loads of drugs north toward Mexico and the United States, or northeast
toward Europe. Good enough, let’s go after Chapo! I believe that Ecuador and the USA will form an alliance strictly to go
after Chapo.
U.S. special operations forces are engaged in "more than 100 countries world-wide, said Adm. William H. McRaven,
commander of U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM), in testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee
yesterday. In the past, Special Forces have been involved in counter narcotics operations in the Andean Ridge countries of
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The goal was not just to stop the flow of drugs into the United States, but
to stem the violence that resulted from the drug trade in those countries.
Sources: https://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2012_hr/030612mcraven.pdf and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Special_Forces_Group_%28United_States%29
August 7, 2012, DEA Reports Zetas in Northern and Southern Sinaloa. The presence
of Los Zetas Cartel in northern Sinaloa is so obvious that the DEA points to a map on how the
organization has expanded not only throughout Mexico but also in Sinaloa state where they have
succeeded with the help of Beltran Leyva cartel, former members of the group led by Chapo
Guzman and Ismael Zambada.
That coalition has caused an unprecedented war in the municipalities of Sinaloa de Leyva, El
Fuerte, Choix, Salvador Alvarado and Guasave, where clashes have occurred not only between government and cartel
hitmen from these allies, but between those criminal organizations that are fighting for the territories, the report reveals Drug
trafficking organizations in Mexico, sources and trends that increase violence.
"There are routes that go through that part of Sinaloa and Sonora extend to, and are
fought by both organizations and subcartels, and endless violence seems to exist", reports the
study conducted by The Congressional Research Service, as released last month.
An example of the above statement can be seen in early May this year, when there was
a clash between gunmen and elements of the Mexican army in the mountainous area of the
municipality of Sinaloa and Guasave, leaving dozens dead, including three soldiers.
The research also reports that violence is on the rise since the beginning of the
administration of President Felipe Calderon, from 2010 to date the trend is lower but then
returns with force. It also states that from 2010 onwards there are targets that were previously
almost untouchable, such as politicians, journalists, Americans and Central American migrants
who cross Mexican territory illegally.
"Violence is not only associated with disputes over territory or to maintain discipline
within an organization. But it seems that in every place where the Zetas advance, they do not
discriminate when targeting their violence, including applying it to media workers, or even the
Government " observes the paper.
The map of death
According to the draft prepared by the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA),
the Zetas have gained control of nearly half the nations territory. Everything that drains into the
Gulf of Mexico, including states such as Chiapas, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, and parts of
Durango and Guanajuato.
According to Jim Creechan, a Canadian academic who has researched drug
trafficking for several decades, the opening of the new bridge on the Durango-Mazatlán highway can benefit the Zetas,
allowing them easy access to build up forces in Sinaloa.
"If they are there or not, that ability to get to Mazatlan can be crucial in the short and medium term, everything
depends on how the Army monitors the area," noted Creechan by telephone.

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The DEA map ranks the Sinaloa cartel as the second most powerful cartel, which controls the entire Pacific area,
except for the area of Michoacan and Guerrero, which is controlled by the Knights Templar, and the Beltran Leyva cartel.
Precisely the latter cartel, which is led by Hector Beltran Leyva, is present in several areas controlled by Joaquin
Guzman and Ismael Zambada, and these areas pass through Sinaloa and Sonora, and extend to the border with the USA.
The remainder of the map depicts the state of Chihuahua, mainly dominated by the Juarez cartel, and to a lesser
extent by the Sinaloa cartel. while the Gulf cartel has presence in the area of Reynosa and Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Noted is the presence of different groups in cities like Mexico City, Mazatlan, Culiacan, where the DEA also
identifies the presence of groups operating in the area such as Beltran Leyva.
According to the DEA, the map was completed in January this year and took six months to produce.
Windfall
According to Michele Leonhart, DEA policy expert, in 2011 drug trafficking
organizations throughout the world had earnings of between 200 and 400 billion dollars, with
profits coming from producing, transporting and selling drugs.
"We're talking about an extremely profitable business, superior to human trafficking,
arms trafficking and smuggling of diamonds, together," Leonhart explained in a statement
sent to Ríodoce.
The DEA administrator added, "what we are doing now is damage to criminal
organizations in their financial systems as a way to deny resources to keep producing,
acquiring, transporting and distributing such substances.".
DEA's strategy includes impairing money laundering, and therefore have redoubled
their efforts with the Department of the Treasury for the implementation of
the Kingpin Act, and the projection is that the effort has produced favorable
results.
In this respect, a recent case is that of Juan Jose Esparragoza
Moreno, Blu, including a portion of his family. They are included in the list of
people persecuted by the U.S. Government Treasury.
"There are organisms that suggest that legalization or regulating
drugs will alleviate the problem, but common sense and history has taught
us that this does not happen because then the criminals would focus its efforts and migrate to
other equally illegal activity", stated Leonhart.
Kingpin Act; zero results
However, the U.S. government claims that freezing the assets of drug barons in the
US and his citizens avoid establishing business relations with people identified as drug dealers is part of the solution to the
problem, some feel otherwise.
June S. Beittel, international affairs analyst at the Congressional Research Service, and author of the report on
criminal organizations in Mexico, mentioned in her report that this law, is more than ten years subsequent to
implementation, at this time has not yet yielded results.
"That strategy worked very well to dismantle the cartels of Cali and Medellin in the nineties, but clearly has not been
as successful here in Mexico," said Beittel.
Other analysts agree that the strategy has created more Kingpin violence in the country, and that has caused the
fragmentation of several organizations, and therefore the violence has spread.
"When Calderon came to power there were four key cartels: the Tijuana, Sinaloa, Juarez and the Gulf. Now we see
the Zetas, the Beltran Leyva, the Knights Templar, and it has influenced the strategy Kingpin, but the results are obvious,
"said Beittel.
The DEA maintains a close relationship with Mexican authorities in their fight to eradicate drug trafficking networks
that exist in Sinaloa and the remainder of the country.
The collaboration continues, not only as far as arrests are concerned, as we have collaborated in the arrest of
several leaders of various organizations, but, for once have extradited several in our territory to be
prosecuted to the full weight of the law, "said Leonhart.
However the sentences of Benjamin Arellano Felix and Osiel Cardenas Guillen, far from
signifying "the full weight of the law." Both were seized with a combined $ 150 million, and both were
sentenced to 25 years in prison with the possibility of leaving in twelve years.
"The United States, with the help of Mexico will succeed in its fight against drugs," he said
Leonhart, but not dwell in the sentences above lords.
According to Justice Department data, between 2010 and 2011, Mexico extradited 187 drug traffickers, including
high-profile drug lords. http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2012/08/dea-reports-zetas-in-northern-and.html

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Comment/Analysis: One thing I have to bring up are the numerous books that have been written about the drug
cartels in the last few months that become obsolete almost as soon as you get through reading them, except for the history
about the cartels and how they got started. If you are interested in the history and the leadership as it was in the beginning
then the books are fine because they do go into nice detail, however, if you want to keep track of the ever changing
landscape because of the fluidity of the drug cartels you would be wise to save your money and rely on reports such as this
from the DEA and others. Don’t forget though that at times these books do provide information that is used by DEA and
others in their reporting, and don’t get me wrong, I am not knocking the books because they do bring information together
into a neat little package and saves a lot of research hours.
July 30, 2012, Ecuador Seizes Submarine, Speedboat, Airplane Belonging to ‘El Chapo’. The transnational criminal
organization led by Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán has suffered a series of losses in Ecuador in recent months.
In June, Ecuadorean authorities seized a submarine that was under construction, a light airplane, a speedboat and
two tons of cocaine. The sea vessels, the airplane and the drugs probably belonged to El Chapo, said local security analyst
Ricardo Camacho Zeas, who noted that El Chapo has been operating in Ecuador for years.
“There is no doubt” the vessels were used in drug trafficking, he said, and that they “would be directly related to a
Mexican drug cartel which would operate with Ecuadorean and Mexican nationals,” he noted — since it’s El Chapo’s pattern
to form alliances with organized crime in whatever country outside Mexico he’s operating in.
For example, in April, Ecuador’s National Police arrested El Chapo’s primary enforcer in the
country, César Demar Vernaza Quiñonez, known as “The Entrepreneur.” He led a gang of criminal
operatives known as “The Courageous.” The gang transported and guarded drug shipments for El
Chapo that went through Ecuador, authorities said.
El Chapo’s long list of activities
The recent seizures of vessels, aircraft and cocaine all appear to be connected to El Chapo:
• On June 24, Ecuador’s Coast Guard discovered a submarine hidden beneath mud and shrubs on an islet between
the Verdes and Escalante islands, in the Gulf of Guayaquil. The sub was 15 meters long and four meters wide, with the
capacity to haul up to 15 tons of drugs. The sub was under construction and was 70 percent complete, authorities said.
• On June 23, the Ecuadorian Navy intercepted a speedboat 12 miles from the coast of Canoa, in Manabí province.
The boat was powered by three outboard engines of 350-horsepower each and carried 2,000 gallons of fuel. The vessel,
which left Chiapas on June 7, was equipped with modern communications equipment, a high-frequency transmitter and food
for several days. Three Mexican nationals were detained.
• On June 22, the Ecuadorian Navy found a ton of cocaine the rocks at San Clemente Beach, a few miles from
where the speedboat was captured. The cocaine was probably supposed to be picked up by the men on the captured
speedboat, authorities said.
• On June 5, police found a light aircraft with a Mexican license plate abandoned inside a hangar in San Pablo, in
the coastal province of Santa Elena. The aircraft was probably used for drug trafficking, authorities said.
There have been other indications El Chapo is operating extensively in Ecuador. On May 13, a light plane crashed
in Manabí. Authorities found $1.4 million in cash on the plane, which was from Mexico. The pilot and co-pilot, who both died
in the crash, were from El Chapo’s stronghold of Sinaloa.
Drug vessels popping up everywhere. In recent years, Ecuadorian
authorities have discovered several seafaring vessels that were used for
drug trafficking. In June 2010, authorities captured a speedboat in El
Guabo, in the province of El Oro. The boat was going to be used to
transport four tons of cocaine to Mexico. The following month, soldiers
found a submarine in San Lorenzo, in Esmeraldas province, near the
Colombian border. The fiberglass vessel was empty but operational.
And in January 2012, a submarine was spotted in the Gulf of
Guayaquil. It was sunk by its crew before Coast Guard boats could arrive to
seize it; the Coast Guard helped rescue its crewmen.
In 2011, Ecuador’s military warned that drug trafficking posed a threat to national security, pointing
out that Mexico’s Sinaloa cartel and other transnational criminal groups operate in Ecuador because of its
proximity to Colombia and other coca-producing countries. Ecuador is also considered a good location from
which to ship large loads of drugs north toward Mexico and the United States, or northeast toward Europe.
Both Mexico and the United States are cooperating in the battle against organized crime groups. The
two countries share information about the operations of El Chapo and other violent cartels, such as Los

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Zetas, which is led by Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano, known as “The Executioner,” and the Gulf cartel, led by Jorge Eduardo
Castillo Sanchez, known as “El Coss.”
That kind of alliance is also crucial in the fight against organized crime groups in Ecuador and throughout Latin
America, a security analyst said.
“Regional cooperation can always be broadened so organized crime can be faced in a more efficient manner,” said
Sonja Wolf of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. “Since it is a transnational threat, it is obvious that (nations)
have to cooperate.” http://www.dialogo-americas.com/en_GB/articles/rmisa/features/regional_news/2012/07/30/ecuadorsubmarine
Comment/Analysis: Chapo appears to be deeply drug-entrenched in Ecuador and this may be the right country to conduct
an operation to capture him without embarrassing Mexico if in fact his presence is in Ecuador. There is also the possibility
the U.S. may provide intelligence and other non direct support to help Ecuador with the capture but not take any credit for it
as was the case with Pablo Escobar.
July 31, 2012, The Routes and Methods of Peru's Cocaine Traffickers. In the fourth part of its series on drug
trafficking in Peru, IDL-Reporteros looks at the methods used to move some 200 tons of cocaine a year out of the VRAE
region, and maps out the routes employed by traffickers.
The Apurimac and Ene River Valley (VRAE) is Peru's biggest drug-producing region -- about a third of the country's
coca is cultivated there -- and much of its output is transported to Bolivia as less refined cocaine paste for processing. The
Shining Path guerrilla group are active there, though the extent of their involvement with the cocaine trade is unclear. This
report shows that although they play an important role, they are not the only players in the valley's cocaine business.
Instead, the group is employed to protect cocaine shipments on the routes it controls. The trafficking clans of the
VRAE hide their shipments in the bodies of trucks, some of which are chosen to blend in with the vehicles of the local
mining and construction companies.
The following is InSight Crime's translation of extracts from the fourth installment in IDL-Reporteros' series on
Peru's drug trade, "The Cocaine Clans":
A caravan of seven four-door pickup trucks leaves Kimbiri, in Cusco, headed for Desaguadero, in Puno. Hidden in
the bodies of the vehicles is about half a ton of washed cocaine paste, which in the valley is worth about $400,000.
Some of the drug is hidden in stashes inside the beds of the trucks, and some in the gas tanks, in plastic bottles.
Each truck can carry a hidden load of up to 150 kilograms of drugs: 100 in the bed and 50 in the tank.
Five of the seven trucks entered Cielo Punku in the morning, after passing through Lobo. Soon after, the drivers
had to stop short in a blocked section of the road.
Nine anti-drug agents, who were hiding behind a bush, surrounded the trucks and captured the drivers. While they
searched the trucks, the two remaining vehicles that had been delayed got past the roadblock before they could be stopped.
They were heading to Cusco.
The agents followed the vehicles and stopped them in Cusco. It was April of 2010, and the Anti-Drug Squad
(Dirandro) seized about half a ton of drugs in this operation.
As sources familiar with the issue confirmed to IDL-Reporteros, more than 80 percent of the drugsthat leave the
VRAE through Cusco go in pickup trucks, cargo trucks and transport vehicles. Double-cab pickup trucks, especially Toyota
Hiluxes, make a good disguise because this is the type of vehicle used by mining and construction companies.
Heavy cargo trucks are also in high demand. They transport an average of half a ton of drugs, hidden in stashes in
the bed, in sacks or cases of fruits and vegetables, and groceries.
Union Mantaro, Llochegua. A group of 20 backpackers or
"cargachos" prepare their backpacks and supplies. Between them they
will carry around 200 kilograms of washed cocaine paste.
The "cargachos" had been recruited in Puerto Cocos and
Puerto Ene, where drug trafficking trade fairs are held on weekends. In
greatest supply are precursor chemicals, washed and simple cocaine
paste, gasoline, and (one has to eat) groceries.
The backpackers are used in the "ant trafficking" method, which
is one of the most common and secure forms of taking drugs out of the
valley. If the "cargachos" are ambushed or captured by the police, the
loss is not great.
But if an important shipment of drugs is going to be transported,
more than a half a ton, some traffickers contract the services of the

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Shining Path's VRAE faction so they can take charge of the transport, using routes they control.
As we also saw in the first installment: "The Shining Path
and Drug Trafficking in the VRAE," the Quispe Palomino brothers
charge between $50 and $60 per kilo, whether it is cocaine paste or
hydrochloride.
At four in the morning, while the "cargachos" were sleeping
in two large rooms in a house in the center of Union Mantaro, a
group of 30 police officers entered in silence and suprised them
before they could wake up. They were caught in their underwear,
with backpacks of cocaine close at hand.
As often happens, the people of Union Mantaro tried to stop
the arrest, but ultimately they could not do so.
Since the operation, in 2008, there has not been any other
such large capture of backpackers. The fact that a detention of such
magnitude has not been repeated indicates the limitations of interdiction operations in the VRAE.
But the methods are changing. According to well-placed sources, the shipment of drugs by cargachos has been
reduced significantly, while the smuggling of drugs hidden in vehicles has increased in the valley.
Through these routes -- in backpacks and stashes in the bodies of vehicles -- around 200 tons of cocaine is
exported from the VRAE each year, the majority washed cocaine paste, and a smaller proportion cocaine hydrochloride.
[See IDL-Reporteros' maps of the land and river routes for trafficking drugs out of the VRAE, below.]
When it starts its journey to the consumer markets, cocaine in the VRAE (using quantities and prices from 2010) is
worth about $200 million.
This is a small sum compared to what the same amount of drugs, partially adulterated, would cost at its destination.
But it is sufficient to mobilize the energies and the cunning of thousands of people who work in the drug trafficking chain in
the VRAE, and to disrupt lives and corrupt people and institutions in the valley. http://www.insightcrime.org/insight-latestnews/item/2968-the-routes-and-methods-of-perus-cocaine-traffickers
August 10, 2012, Mexico's Sinaloa Cartel Planned Expansion To Spain, Police Say. MADRID — Spanish police
working with the FBI have halted an attempt by a major Mexican drug smuggling and distribution ring to establish a
European operation, authorities said Friday. Four suspected Sinaloa cartel members, including an alleged cousin of the
group's notorious leader, have been arrested in Madrid.
The Interior Ministry said the cartel wanted to make Spain a gateway for operations in Europe, even carrying out
test runs using shipping containers without drugs. But investigators managed to monitor many of the group's activities and
intercepted a container carrying 373 kilos (822 pounds) of cocaine in late July before moving in to make the arrests.
The ministry statement said Jesus Gutierrez Guzman, Rafael
Humberto Celaya Valenzuela, Samuel Zazueta Valenzuela and Jesus
Gonzalo Palazuelos Soto were arrested near their hotels in the Spanish
capital. The statement did not say precisely when the arrests were made,
and ministry officials reached by phone could not immediately give exact
details of the dates.
The investigation was initiated by the Boston unit of the FBI's Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force in
2009, said Greg Comcowich, a spokesman for the Boston FBI. Comcowich said the FBI later worked with the Spanish
national police.
Jesus Gutierrez Guzman is alleged to be the cousin of Joaquin Guzman, known as "El Chapo," the leader of the
cartel and among the world's most wanted fugitives. Since escaping prison in 2001, Joaquin Guzman has run the Sinaloa
cartel, one of Mexico's two most powerful drug-organizations, from a series of hideouts and safe houses across Mexico.
Law-enforcement officials say he has earned billions of dollars moving tons of cocaine and other drugs north to the
United States. In recent months, the Sinaloa cartel and its allies have been waging a brutal war against the paramilitary
Zetas cartel across Mexico, often carrying out mass killings that have left hundreds of dismembered bodies dumped in
public places.
Along with the alleged link to the cartel leader, the arrests in Spain have attracted a great deal of media interest in
Mexico because a Facebook page in Celaya Valenzuela's name appears to show a photograph of him alongside Enrique
Pena Nieto, the man who won the July 1 presidential elections. The photo was posted on Feb. 11.
Pena Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party, the PRI, appeared to acknowledge he was a member, as Celaya
Valenzuela claimed, but said he had not participated in Pena Nieto's campaign.

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The PRI noted in a statement that "during his presidential campaign, Enrique Pena Nieto took hundreds of
thousands of photos with party members and sympathizers, without that implying any commitment or close relationship."
In early 2012, Celaya Valenzuela applied to be the party's candidate for a congressional seat in northern Sonora
state. The PRI refused to allow his candidacy, arguing he did not have enough support among party members, according to
court documents of an appeal he filed against that decision.
The issue is a sensitive one, given that President Felipe Calderon has accused some members of the PRI of
wanting to make deals with drug cartels in exchange for peace. Pena Nieto has hotly denied he will make any deals with the
gangs.
The operation against the Sinaloa cartel was made possible thanks to agents using "the most modern research
techniques," which had at all times been supervised by judges and prosecutors, the Interior Ministry statement said. It noted
that "the bulk" of the investigation was carried out in the United States.
U.S. agents had learned that cartel members were planning to travel to Spain and were later able to confirm the trip,
which took place in March 2011, the statement said. Thanks to the information provided by the FBI's Boston division,
Spanish police located the suspects and monitored them closely "to ensure their full identification," the statement said.
The statement said FBI investigators had determined that the gang intended to begin large cocaine shipments by
sea with the drugs concealed in cargo containers. The cartel used stringent security measures to try to ensure the success
of the operation and did several test runs, initially shipping containers without any drugs in them.
When they sent a first drugs shipment to Spain on board a ship from Brazil in late July, officers intercepted it, the
statement said.
Comcowich declined to say how the investigation began or whether anyone from the area was involved in the
cartel. The Boston division of the FBI covers Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
"There was investigative activity in the United States, but at this time the details of that activity and how it was
related to the Spanish arrests are not being released," Comcowich said.
The arrest of Guzman's alleged cousin could potentially lead to information about the whereabouts of the fugitive
Mexican drug lord. Investigators working to bust Sinaloa's operations thought in June that they had nabbed a son of Joaquin
Guzman, but it turned out they got the wrong man. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/10/mexico-sinaloaspain_n_1765136.html
Comment/Analysis: While the most modern research techniques are
not being made known, one can assume that open source harvesting played a
role in this operation because of the mentioned supervision by the judges and
prosecutors. It appears the intention was to make sure no laws were being
violated that would have the case thrown out of court. I’m wondering what type
of open source tradecraft was employed in the operation.
It was back in June when it was discovered that the drug cartels (no
specific group) were joining forces with the Italian Mafia to supply cocaine to
Europe (http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2012/06/21/mexico-drug-cartelssupply-italian-mafia-with-cocaine-for-europe/
). Assuming the Italian connection
would meet the same fate as the Spanish connection then other areas the cartels could consider are the west-coast
countries bordering the Adriatic Sea. These areas are known to be hubs for weapons, drugs and human trafficking.
The Northern Border and Beyond
January 20, 2012, A Strategy to Reduce Drug Trafficking along our Northern Border. Ecstasy and marijuana are
common drug threats to the United States from Canada, and the United States remains the
primary transit country for cocaine from South America entering into Canada. The National
Northern Border Counternarcotics Strategy provides an overview of current counterdrug efforts
and identifies supporting actions aimed at disrupting this two-way flow of illegal drugs.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/01/20/strategy-reduce-drug-trafficking-along-ournorthern-border

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July 31, 2012, Drug Ring Moved Cocaine, Ecstasy Across Northern Border. U.S. and Canadian authorities said
Monday that a smuggling ring used the remote northern border to move more than 1,000 kilograms of cocaine into Canada
and 1.3 million tablets of the designer drug Ecstasy into the United States over more than two years.
http://www.flatheadbeacon.com/articles/article/drug_ring_moved_cocaine_ecstasy_across_northern_border/29006
Mexican Drug Cartel Investigations (Canadian Emphasis).
Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations are impacting every state in America. Recent intelligence has revealed that
the Cartels trafficking large quantities of llegal narcotics into Canadian Provinces. This problem can no longer be viewed as
a "U.S./Mexican Border Issue." The majority of the drugs distributed and consumed in North America originate in Mexico.
The Cartel leaders have strategically formed relationships with Hispanic Street Gangs to distribute narcotics all over the
world.
The smuggling routes utilized by the Cartels do not stop once the drugs make it across the U.S./Mexican Border.
That is simply the first step. It is important for Canadian law enforcement officers to understand that large shipments of
narcotics entering the U.S. from Mexico are destined for Canada. Once the narcotics are distributed in Canada, currency is
then smuggled across the U.S./Canadian Border headed for Mexico. The United States Border Patrol has reported record
seizures of currency crossing the U.S./Canadian border in recent years. This is a direct result of the Mexican Drug Cartels
strong presence in Canada. It is paramount that Canadian law enforcement officers need to learn to identify the methods
used by the cartels to distribute drugs in their Provinces.
In an effort to aggressively target drug trafficking organizations, Canadian law enforcement officers need to gain a
better understanding of the true structure and operational components of the Cartels and how the Mexican Drug War
impacts narcotic distribution across the world.
The violence perpetrated by the Cartels has reached an unprecedented level in the United States. Kidnappings,
home invasions, murders, and attacks on local law enforcement officers are occurring on a daily basis. The level of violence
perpetrated by Mexican Drug Cartels was unheard of a few years ago. It's inevitable that this violence will continue to flow
north into Canada in due time. Aggressive tactics will be presented to help to combat this violence.
This course does not focus on statistical data or other information easily obtained through online searches
regarding Mexican Drug Cartels. The information presented is based on the instructor's unique experience in conducting
long-term undercover operations, wire tap intercepts, and debriefings of suspects directly linked to various Mexican Drug
Cartels.
This training course will teach Canadian law enforcement officers how to identify, target, infiltrate, and prosecute
Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations operating in their Provinces. All levels of Canadian Law Enforcement Officers will
benefit from this training. Gaining a true understanding of the Mexican Drug Cartel Operations will lead to more arrests as
well as larger seizures of drugs, currency, and assets. http://www.pletraining.com/courses/mexican-drug-cartelinvestigations-1/
Comment/Analysis: This should be an indicator of how concerned Canadian law enforcement is about the drug
cartels establishing a foothold north of the U.S/Canadian border.
Could That Musca Domestica Be A Drone?
July 13, 2012, Tiny 2-Foot Bomb Could Be ‘Months’ Away From Drone War. The drone war could be shrinking
faster than anyone expected. Raytheon’s teeny, tiny drone bomb might be ready to arm a small drone within months, the
defense giant says.
Since 2009, Raytheon has been experimenting with what it understatedly calls a Small Tactical Munition. It’s a
laser-guided bomb less than two feet long and barely a 10th the weight of the Hellfire missiles that the iconic Predators and
Reapers pack. And the wait for it may be almost over: “We’re just tweaking the software and running some environmental
tests,” a business manager for Raytheon’s missile division told AIN Online.
That would open new worlds of possibility for the U.S. drone arsenal. There are a lot more small drones than there
are Preds and Reapers. The small-fry robots are used as flying spies, since they’re too lightweight to arm — until now. The
Small Tactical Munition is supposed to arm the Shadow, a drone that’s only 12 feet long. The U.S. fleet of killer drones

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would significantly increase. Alternatively, the existing, large killer drone fleet could carry far more weapons than they
currently do.
There are two ways to look at that development. The straightforward way is to consider it a kind of deadly Moore’s
Law. That’s certainly commensurate with the miniaturization of killer drones, like the kamikaze mash-up of missile and robot
called the Switchblade.
A less intuitive interpretation, not mutually exclusive with the other one, is that a smaller drone war might not be a
deadlier one. A smaller munition, with a smaller warhead, kills fewer people than a larger munition. That’s certainly how
Raytheon sees it: “This is relevant to the strict rules of engagement,” said J.R. Smith from its missile shop.
That’s probably cold comfort if the armed robot fleet expands from hundreds to thousands before a single new ‘bot is
purchased. But not all drones are equal: The Shadow has a loiter time of about four hours aloft before it runs out of gas; a
Predator can hover for the better part of a day. But having an armed Shadow to launch would be a big asset to a commando
team in, say, East Africa. Smaller also means cheaper, and easier to deploy.
Update, 7:10 a.m.: There’s some confusion about the Small Tactical Munition; Raytheon has alternatively characterized it as
a missile and a bomb. But spokesman Dave Desilets sets the record straight: it’s a bomb. We’ve changed this post
accordingly. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/07/small-drone-missile-soon/
Comment/Analysis: But wait a minute, why stop at this stage. Let’s go into further miniaturization to make it less
messy and cut down on collateral damage when all we’re after is one individual. Go back to 1978 when Writer Georgi
Markov became the most famous victim of the Cold War when he was assassinated on the Waterloo Bridge with an
umbrella. The tip of the umbrella had been modified to hold a small 1.52mm platinum pellet with two small holes drilled
through it. Inside the pellet was the poison ricin which is extracted from the castor bean. Do you see where I’m headed with
this? http://www.murdermap.co.uk/pages/cases/case.asp?CID=490612156&VID=391&Case=Cold-War-Assassination:-The-
Umbrella-Murder-of-Georgi-Markov Technology in the mini-UAV arena is moving at light speed and if I can think of
something this sinister so can our leadership. Strict rules of engagement? Come on, now, who you kidding?
August 2, 2012, Drone warfare: a new generation of deadly unmanned weapons. The electronic cavern is dark,
save for the glow of consoles, and Lt Col Mike Weaver surveys his apprentice warriors with satisfaction as they project
American might halfway around the world. One crew – two young men in flight suits seated before half a dozen screens –
prepares to fire missiles from a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) at a boatload of suspected insurgents in Afghanistan.
Another crew circles a suspicious bulge by a roadside in Iraq and feeds co-ordinates to ground troops. Another tracks what
appears to be a vehicle in Yemen.
"There's not a lot of time for emotion here. There's a war going on and we have a job to do," says Weaver, a
veteran F15 fighter pilot.
The only sound is the whirr from multiple computers, their entrails exposed, and the occasional murmur from a pilot
into an earpiece.
"I've flown manned aircraft and believe me this, in terms of combat, is more up close and personal."
Weaver is speaking from Holloman air force base in New Mexico, about 8,000 miles from the scenes depicted on
the screens, but he and the crews embody not only the "war on terror" but the future of US military force.
The missions, in fact, are simulations. The crews are students yet to earn their wings. But this vast base, covering
24,000 hectares of scorched desert, is fast becoming a type of Top Gun academy for a new generation of airmen and
women who operate not from cockpits but trailers wedged in the sand.
A fleet of F-22 Raptors, state-of-the-art, manned fighter jets, are to be moved to another base to let Holloman focus
on training crews for unmanned MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers – drones, in common parlance.
The base has rapidly expanded and accelerated training to meet booming Pentagon demand. This year it will
graduate 360 crews, products of a new, drone-specialised syllabus that has halved the year-long period to train
conventional fighter pilots. A crew comprises a pilot, a sensory operator and, in some cases, a mission co-ordinator. Around
95% stay in the US.
"We're getting the best and brightest," says Major Jason, 35, an instructor pilot who, like several colleagues,
withheld his surname for security reasons. "There's a bright future for RPAs so we're getting motivated, sharp guys."
Also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), not so long ago they were scorned by many in the military. "It
wasn't the sexy thing to be seated in a ground control station. But we're changing a lot of minds," says Captain Chad, 29,
another instructor. "People are seeing our capabilities and what we're doing."
What the burgeoning RPA fleet is doing, above all, is enabling the Obama administration's tracking and lethal
targeting of Islamist radicals in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen, a campaign estimated to have killed at least
2,000 people.

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To critics including the former president Jimmy Carter, legal scholars and human rights groups, the strikes are
extrajudicial executions that violate nations' sovereignty, stain US moral standing and fuel extremism.
Such critics may consider it apt that Holloman straddles the Jornada del Muerto – Journey of the Dead Man – the
macabre Spanish name for the perilous, water-less shortcut through the wilderness once used by Billy the Kid. Situated on
a high desert plain, the base bakes by day, shivers by night and witnesses spectacular lightning storms. It has evocative
neighbours. To the east, Roswell, which the conspiratorially minded already associate with human-less aircraft; to the west,
Truth or Consequences, a town named after a 1950s radio quiz show.
At a time of cutbacks, Barack Obama has set aside around $5bn for Predators and Reapers, signalling their
growing importance and ubiquity as a policy instrument. The air force has struggled to supply enough crews for the
multiplying hardware.
Hence Holloman's transition to running a dedicated RPA-only training programme that supplements military
instructors with civilian contractors such as Keith Vraa, a retired air force lieutenant colonel, nicknamed Hoo, who runs
simulations at the 16th training squadron.
"So many pilots are on operations there aren't always enough left to instruct. We're here to fill the gap."
The course strips away the need for mastering cockpits and G-forces. Instead, trainees, after basic flight training,
plunge straight into nuances such as multi-spectral targeting systems that integrate infrared sensors, enhanced TV cameras
and laser designators and illuminators into single packages.
They learn that a Predator's relatively slow cruising speed – 84mph – is an advantage while "loitering" over targets.
And that the much faster and larger Reaper, armed with Paveway II and GBU-38 joint direct attack munitions in addition to
Hellfire missiles, "provides a unique capability to autonomously execute the kill chain against high-value, fleeting, and timesensitive
targets".
They train in simulators inside windowless, one-storey buildings as well as ground control stations, camouflagepainted
trailers from which they control real RPAs over New Mexico's skies.
An increasing number of students are teenagers straight from high school. Others are veteran flyers of fighters,
bombers and cargo planes who have been reassigned or are here by choice because of the dwindling number of available
cockpits. "F16 pilots used to say they were coming from a Ferrari to a Ford Festiva but you hear less of that now," says
Chris, a sensory operator instructor.
"A lot of the higher-up ranks are here because they know this is the future. And who wouldn't want to be at the
forefront of that?" He indicated a Predator on a runway.
Instructors are keen to correct two misconceptions. They are not all good at video games. And it is incorrect to call
the aircraft drones – the word makes teeth grind – because they are at all times controlled by humans. Crews prefer the
term RPA to UAV because "unmanned" diminishes their input.
All agree that RPAs are vital to protecting the US. Many say their primary task is protecting comrades by sharing
real-time information about boobytraps or hidden gunmen, or preventing attacks by disrupting terror networks.
Doing so can require greater skill than being in a cockpit, they say, because they must multitask and hold multiple
conversations through different media, in some cases while senior officers, intelligence analysts and military lawyers peer
over their shoulders. They must stay focused for long stretches of surveillance, when not much happens, and be ready for
sudden engagements.
"It's real. Sometimes you can hear gunfire and stress in the voice of the guys on the ground. There's no video game
in the world that makes the difference between life and death," says Chad, the pilot, who used to fly missions from Creech
air force base outside Las Vegas.
"On the drive home I would decompress. Listen to music, take a deep breath, compartmentalise so I could make the
transition to husband, father, family man."
A certain defensiveness mingles with the pride. Asked about accusations that
drone strikes are extrajudicial executions, or assassinations, Weaver stiffens.
"That's for the politicians to consider. We follow the orders of our civilian leaders."
All bristle at any suggestion that waging war by remote control requires
less bravery than traditional combat.
"There are different types of courage," says Jon, a lieutenant colonel,
standing in an officers' bar adorned with a replica medieval suit of armour, a framed
tomahawk and oil paintings of John Wayne and Clint Eastwood. "Ours requires moral
courage. We take moral and legal risks. If I pull the trigger and I'm wrong I have to live with the
consequences." http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/aug/02/drone-warfare-unmanned-weapons

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August 16, 2012, Police chiefs adopt drone code of conduct. The nation’s police chiefs have adopted a code of
conduct for their use of drones, including letting any images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs, be open to
inspection by the public, and that the images not be stored unless they are evidence of a crime or part of an ongoing
investigation.
The chiefs also said that if they plan to fly drones over an area where they are likely to spot criminal activity and
where they would be intruding on someone’s “reasonable expectations of privacy,” they should seek to get a search warrant
first.
In their three-page document, the chiefs said they are aware of privacy issues that have arisen with the prospect of
an explosion in both governmental and private use of drone technology.
“Privacy concerns are an issue that must be dealt with effectively if a law enforcement agency expects the public to
support the use of UAV by their police,” the chiefs said.
The Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International, the industry trade group, applauded the new rules,
saying they struck a good balance.
Here are the eight operational rules the chiefs recommended:
1. UAV operations require a Certificate of Authorization (CAO) from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). A
law enforcement agency contemplating the use of UAV should contact the FAA early in the planning process to determine
the requirements for obtaining a COA.
2. UAVs will only be operated by personnel, both pilots and crew members, who have been trained and certified in
the operation of the system. All agency personnel with UAV responsibilities, including command officers, will be provided
training in the policies and procedures governing their use.
3. All flights will be approved by a supervisor and must be for a legitimate public safety mission, training, or
demonstration purposes.
4. All flights will be documented on a form designed for that purpose and all flight time shall be accounted for on the
form. The reason for the flight and name of the supervisor approving will also be documented.
5. An authorized supervisor/administrator will audit flight documentation at regular intervals. The results of the audit
will be documented. Any changes to the flight time counter will be documented.
6. Unauthorized use of a UAV will result in strict accountability.
7. Except for those instances where officer safety could be jeopardized, the agency should consider using a
“Reverse 911” telephone system to alert those living and working in the vicinity of aircraft operations (if such a system is
available). If such a system is not available, the use of patrol car public address systems should be considered. This will not
only provide a level of safety should the aircraft make an uncontrolled landing, but citizens may also be able to assist with
the incident.
8. Where there are specific and articulable grounds to believe that the UA will collect evidence of criminal
wrongdoing and if the UAV will intrude upon reasonable expectations of privacy, the agency will secure a search warrant
prior to conducting the flight.
OSINT Syria
The Director of National Intelligence’s Open Source Center produced a report in June 2012 to help representatives
of the U.S. government communicate with the Syrian people more effectively and better analyze
their motivations. The report, part of the Master Narratives series produced in conjunction with a
private consulting firm called Monitor 360 and other “partners across the U.S. government”, is
focused on “surfacing and articulating master narratives across a range of important geographies.
These insights can be used to better understand critical audience segments and key influencers,
build analytic capabilities, and develop actionable messaging and counter-messaging strategies.”
https://publicintelligence.net/u-s-governments-guide-to-the-syrian-people/
Related links:
https://publicintelligence.net/syrian-rebelfree-syrian-army-photos/
https://publicintelligence.net/osc-syrian-uprising-may-2012/
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sy.html
Understanding the Situation in Syria
http://www.meforum.org/3288/syria-minorities
Syrian Armed Forces
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces

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Equipment of the Syrian Army
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipment_of_the_Syrian_Army
Syria Military Strength
http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria
Comparison of Syria and USA
http://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-comparison-detail.asp
Comment/Analysis: With so much going on in Syria perhaps a background is in order. To download a copy of the
country report on Syria click on the image or follow the first active link above. Reports like this play a very active role in open
source intelligence. A simple comment or photo may trigger a thought in some analyst’s mind that can lead to a safe
operation like humanitarian assistance, noncombatant evacuations, or even military involvement.
The photos in the related links above show the type of weapons that are being employed which is good intelligence
for our military in case of involvement. The more we know about the weapon systems the more effectively we can engage
the enemy. If the effective range of a particular weapon, as an example, is 2000 meters we certainly wouldn’t want to get
into that range. We would use a weapon with a range greater than 2000 meters to negate the opposition. In my way of
thinking wars/fights were never meant to be fought fair. If he pulls a knife then you pull a gun; if he pulls a gun then you pull
a howitzer; and if he pulls a tank then you pull an A-10. Problem solved! I remember a fight I had in junior high because of
bullying. I was getting beaten up pretty bad until I pulled a Mike Tyson. Problem solved!
There are also several rumors, I repeat rumors, about SOF teams from the US, UK, France, Jordan, and Turkey
already on the ground focused on reconnaissance missions and training opposition forces. They have supposedly been
there since December 2011. Source: http://www.military.com/news/article/leaked-memo-says-us-sof-in-syria.html
OSINT Kurdistan
Kurdistan: The Next Flashpoint Between Turkey, Iraq, and the Syrian Revolt. In the
wake of the steady disintegration of the Assad regime, Syrian opposition activists reported
that several towns, such as Amouda and Qabani in Syria’s Kurdish northeast, had passed in
mid-July 2012 without a fight into the local hands of a group called the Free Kurdish Army.
Thus emerged for the first time in modern Kurdish history the nucleus of an
exclusively Kurdish-controlled enclave bordering the predominantly Kurdish
areas of Turkey. After largely sitting on the sidelines of the Syrian revolution,
political groups from Syria’s Kurdish minority in the northeastern region appear
to have moved decisively to claim control of the Kurdish-populated towns. http://jcpa.org/article/the-future-of-kurdistanbetween-turkey-the-iraq-war-and-the-syrian-revolt/
http://jcpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Kurdistan-Neriah.pdf
Related links:
The Kurds (Iraqi Kurdistan)
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/k/kurds/index.html
Who Are the Kurds?
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/feb99/kurdprofile.htm
OSINT Mongolia
DefenseNews. August 6, 2012, West Eyes Strengthened Ties with Mongolia.
Mongolia continues its rapid ascent in the strategic playbook of the United States.

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In July, during a visit to Mongolia, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton praised Ulan Bator as a model democracy
in a region flush with kleptocratic regimes. Clinton lauded Mongolia’s development, noting that the Central Asian country’s
progress bolsters the case to “dispel the myth that democracy is a Westernvalue.”
Clinton also used pointed language aimed at China, claiming that prosperity was interlinked with a free democratic
system and the promotion of human rights.
Mongolia presents the U.S. with a unique geopolitical opportunity to manage the renaissance of Chinese primacy in
Central Asia. Mongolia’s history and geography bind it to China and Russia, and this makes it an essential strategic partner
for those wanting to hedge against the influence of either or both.
Mongolia’s eastern border with China is less than 1,000 kilometers from North Korea, which makes it an intriguing
partner on security and defense issues with the U.S., Japan and South Korea.
According to Jane’s Information Group, Mongolia has no aspiration — or capacity — to develop a strategic weapon
system, but this cannot be entirely dismissed if developments surrounding North Korea’s latent nuclear weapon program
take a drastic turn.
Ulan Bator has long been part of Washington’s strategic calculus in Central Asia and its importance has been
magnified by the war in Afghanistan. More than 100 members of the Mongolian Armed Forces are serving in Afghanistan as
part of the International Security Assistance Force. Mongolian troops have helped to train the Afghan National Army in
mobile field artillery techniques and continue to provide security at Kabul International airport.
Mongolia also committed troops to the NATO mission in Kosovo from 2005 to 2007 and contributed peacekeepers
to South Sudan last year. NATO has commended Mongolia’s enhanced role overseas and indicated that it shows
“Mongolia’s intent and capability to contribute to international security.”
These deployments also built on the U.S. goodwill Mongolia secured through its troop contributions to the Iraq War,
which prompted visits by then-U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and then-President George W. Bush, the first
sitting U.S. president to visit the nation. With this bolstered strategic relationship, Mongolia hopes to improve its
interoperability with Western militaries and enhance its capacity in counterterrorism, cybersecurity and peacekeeping.
Ulan Bator’s cooperation with NATO was formalized this year when it signed an Individual Partnership and
Cooperation Programme, which is expected to focus on building up Mongolia’s military capacity, as well as improving
interoperability with NATO troops.
In a statement, NATO applauded the announcement and said it “attaches great importance to [its] partnership with
Mongolia.” The program is symbolically important because it is the first official partnership approved since NATO amended
its policies on external partnerships in 2011.
But it’s not just the United States that has been paying attention to Mongolia. Shortly after the first Khaan Quest
exercise in 2004, senior party officials in China began pushing for increased engagement with their northern neighbor on
security and defense issues. The two countries meet annually for China-Mongolia Defence Consultations, aimed at
promoting regional defense and bilateral defense cooperation.
In June, the leaders of Mongolia and China met in Beijing on the sidelines of the 12th Heads of State summit for the
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Chinese President Hu Jintao stressed the relationship, noting, “Mongolia and
China should continue deepening mutual trust and grasp the overall direction of the ties from a strategic height and a longterm
angle.”
Mongolia has observer status in the SCO, which continues to provide Ulan Bator with a convenient avenue to
pursue its short- and medium-term strategic goals in the region — improving its market share and attracting foreign
investment.
Mongolia also plays host to an annual gathering of militaries for Khaan Quest, which is broad in scope (China and
India are invited) but narrow in intent (essentially another mechanism for military cooperation with the U.S.).
What is the end game? The U.S. views Mongolia through an integrated lens balancing its economic interests with
strategic concerns. As the world’s fastest-growing economy (GDP growth at 17.3 percent in 2011), Mongolia is an appealing
target for foreign investors in sectors such as mining, nuclear power and technology. For Washington, though, security still
trumps in Mongolia. The U.S. continues to view Mongolia as a credible partner in an uncertain area filled with truculent
neighbors.
With the wide array of defense concerns around the Asia-Pacific region, it will be important for the U.S. to maintain
attention to its bilateral relationship with Mongolia. The Pentagon should continue supporting Khaan Quest and enhance
country-to-country military exercises and training.
Furthermore, Washington should take advantage of Mongolia’s unprecedented partnership with NATO to further
integrate Ulan Bator into its security architecture in Central Asia. The time for Mongolia is now.
http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120805/DEFFEAT05/308050003/West-Eyes-Strengthened-Ties-
Mongolia?odyssey=nav|head

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Comment/Analysis: Another reason for the interest in Mongolia may be the rare earth metals. Today, almost 97%
of the world’s rare earth supply comes from China, and China in 2011 introduced export quotas causing prices to soar
almost sevenfold. Japan has already reached out to Mongolia for their supply and the U.S. will more than likely do so if in
fact it already hasn’t. China will soon realize that the rare earth minerals are not so rare after all; there are 4 large deposits
of rare earth elements in Mongolia known to date. The largest of these is the Mushgia Khudag deposit, located in the
Umnugobi province. It is estimated to hold around 200 million tons of rare earth oxide ore with an average grade of 1.5%,
which is comparable in size to the Bayan-Obo deposit in Inner Mongolia (source:
http://english.esdalanzurgaa.mn/2011/07/29/rare-earth-elements-not-so-rare-especially-in-mongolia/ ).
May 21, 2012
Mongolia, the land of Genghis Khan and nomadic herders, is in the midst of a remarkable transition. Rich in coal,
gold and copper, this country of fewer than 3 million people in Central Asia is riding a mineral boom that is expected to more
than double its GDP within a decade. The rapid changes simultaneously excite and unnerve many Mongolians, who hope
mining can help pull many out of poverty, but worry it will ravage the environment and further erode the nation's distinctive,
nomadic identity.
What country had the world's fastest-growing economy last year?
If you guessed China or India, you'd be wrong.
In fact, it's Mongolia: Its economy grew at more than 17 percent in 2011, according to estimates. That's nearly twice
as fast as China's.
The reason — in a word — is mining.
Mongolia is rich in copper, coal and gold, and it's in the midst of a mineral boom. This marks a profound change for
a country where two out of every five people make their living herding livestock. Extractive industry has become so
pervasive, some Mongolians now refer to their homeland as "Minegolia."
For the poor, landlocked nation of fewer than 3 million people, mining represents a remarkable opportunity, but one
that's also loaded with risks.
Doubling GDP In A Decade
Much of the focus these days is on Oyu Tolgoi, a mega-mine in Mongolia's South Gobi province, about 50 miles
north of the Chinese border.
The mine — owned by international mining giant Rio Tinto, Canada's Ivanhoe Mines and the Mongolian government
— is scheduled to produce its first copper ore in June and grow dramatically over the next five years.
Cameron McCrae, Oyu Tolgoi's Australian chief executive, estimates that the mine will be the world's third-largest
copper and gold mine.
The mine is playing a substantial economic role even before it is operational, McCrae notes.
"At the moment, during construction, we probably make up 30 percent of the GDP of the country," he says.
Tuvshintugs Batdelger, who runs an economic think tank at the National University of Mongolia, says mining is
helping to drive the economy of this Central Asian nation at an incredible pace.
"In the coming 10 years, average GDP growth will be 12 percent," he says. Even when you factor in inflation, "GDP
in real terms more than doubles in 10 years' time."
Opportunity In The Gobi
Mining's impacts are visible throughout much of Mongolia, which is wedged between China and Russia and is
nearly the size of Alaska. Hummers roll past the Louis Vuitton store and columned Soviet facades in Ulan Bator, the capital.
Thousands of young Mongolians have moved to the middle of the Gobi to work at Oyu Tolgoi, which means "Turquoise Hill"
in Mongolian, a name that's derived from the color copper turns when exposed to oxygen.
The mining camp, a mix of prefab housing and gers, or yurts, feels like a cross between a boomtown and a college
fraternity.
The Mongolian workers are mostly in their 20s. At a recent birthday celebration, they sing Mongolian pop songs at
the camp bar.
Solongo Namjil is a self-described country girl from the Mongolian steppe. The 22-year-old came to Oyu Tolgoi six
months ago to work as a clerk and sees the mine as a crucial opportunity for her country.
"Every Mongolian here is doing their best for this project, which is enormous to Mongolia's future," she says
between sips of beer. "We all understand the significance of the project. We do hope that every Mongolian can benefit."
But Solongo — Mongolians go by their first names — worries about mining's broader impact, particularly in South
Gobi province, and on the thousands of herders who live there. Many are struggling with water-supply issues, and the mines
need huge amounts to operate.
"I'm really concerned about that," she says, "that there won't be enough water for our children and children's
children."

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Avoiding 'Dutch Disease'
Building an economy on minerals presents other problems as well. For one thing, the economy becomes dependent
on commodity prices that fluctuate. When the price of copper crashed in late 2008 during the global financial crisis,
Mongolia's government had to call in the International Monetary Fund for help.
When prices for natural resources are high, they can cause other problems and strangle important domestic
industries. Heavy demand drives up the value of a country's currency, which makes its exports more expensive and harder
to sell.
Rogier van den Brink of the World Bank says that's what happened after the Netherlands discovered huge natural
gas reserves in late 1959. The syndrome became known as "Dutch Disease." Van den Brink, who is Dutch himself,
remembers the damage.
"As a boy growing up in Holland, the impact of this was very stark to me," he says. "Sectors of the economy that we
long had pride in, like the shipbuilding industry, we had to close them down."
Today, van den Brink is the World Bank's lead economist in the East Asia and Pacific region. He has worked closely
with the Mongolian government to enact a law to enforce government savings and control spending and borrowing so it
might avoid what happened in the Netherlands.
Threat To Traditional Industry
Landlocked Mongolia doesn't build ships, but it has other businesses that the mining boom could hurt. The Gobi
cashmere company in Ulan Bator is already feeling the side effects. The firm turns raw cashmere from Mongolian goats into
sweaters, jackets and shawls, and exports them to more than 40 countries.
Mongolia's new mineral wealth drove inflation to more than 12 percent last year, forcing Gobi to raise workers'
wages by one-third. Naranbaatar Davva, the company's 30-year-old chief operating officer, says raw material prices are up,
too.
"Three years ago, we used to buy 3 kilograms of raw cashmere for $20," he says. "Today, this figure is $60."
Higher prices are good for Mongolian herders, but they cut into Gobi's profits. Naranbaatar says a special
government policy is also undermining herders' incentive to work. This year — an election year — the government is giving
citizens up to $770 each in one-time cash payments. It's essentially a mining dividend and, for many Mongolians, a lot of
money.
"Livestock herding is almost a 16-hour-a-day job. It's a hard job, so you don't see many young herders anymore," he
says. "Plus, the government gives out free cash."
Naranbaatar says mining brings many benefits to Mongolia. He just hopes people don't lose sight of an old, reliable
industry like his.
"Mining resources are not renewable. Depending on the reserves, it may last 20, 50 or 100 years," he says. "If we
use the right policies and preserve our nomadic herding traditions, many people will be employed in the Mongolian
cashmere industry for hundreds and thousands of years."
Question Of Distributing The Wealth
Back at the bar at Oyu Tolgoi, it's closing time. Workers pour outside and continue to drink beneath street lights.
Many Mongolians worry that mineral companies and politicians will be the greatest beneficiaries of the mining
boom. Solongo, the clerk, hopes some of her nation's new riches are used to improve the hard lives many Mongolians face.
"There is lots of poverty in Mongolia, almost 40 percent, which is unbelievable with this natural resource," she says.
"We should find the right way to distribute the benefit of this resource to everyone. They deserve it."
https://www.npr.org/2012/05/21/152683549/mineral-rich-mongolia-rapidly-becoming-minegolia
Comment/Analysis: Think the Chinese are concerned about all the activity, especially with the U.S. reaching out
cultivating an economic friendship. The Russians must be going nuts.
Drug Smuggling Methods
July 31, 2012, Advanced drug smuggling methods. It’s not a problem to make a jacket or a suit out of cocaine with
the development of the chemical industry and the fantasy of drug barons who, according to Interpol, are getting more and
more profits. It seems that the transportation of heavy drugs in briquettes from Latin America is an outdated technology.

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A new technology makes it possible to make a product from cocaine for any department of a supermarket, including
paper, clothes or plastic. The culprits have learned to process cocaine powder so that it cannot be detected and hide it in
the most secret corners of a postal parcel and large consignments of food.
The development of technology has presented new possibilities. Consequently, at present, cocaine can be turned
into any product, say paper, oil, adhesive, sealants, alcohol or plastic. These products are transported in large
consignments or in parcels by mail to leading companies which are simply unable to check each and every parcel to find
whether it contains drugs or not. The more successful the efforts made by anti-drug services, the better the fantasy of the
adventurous culprits, says fellow at the Institute of World Economics and International Relations, Igor Khokhlov in an
interview with the Voice of Russia.
“The paradox in the fight against drug trafficking and drug sale is that the more effective the fight against drug
trafficking by special services, the more advantageous becomes this business. Russian special service is one of the most
effective, if not the most effective service in fighting drug trafficking. This is the real situation. It’s very difficult to buy drugs in
rich and big cities in Russia. It is very dangerous, and it’s difficult to find suppliers because police regularly arrest them. In
these circumstances, the price of drugs is consistently growing. As a result, the conclusion is that the more effective the
fight against drug business by law enforcement agencies, the more the income of the drug business,” Igor Khokhlov said.
Drug barons invest some of their income from the illegal business in storing and transporting drugs. This money is
sufficient to buy, for example, submarines to store a consignment of cocaine, Igor Khokhlov said.
“Several years ago, two submarines that were used to transport cocaine to the U.S. were discovered in Colombia.
In short, drug curtails in Latin America have large sums of money. Their task is to promote drugs on the new markets such
as South-East Asia, China, Russia and European countries. In short, they are targeting countries with large populations,
where there is a potential market of rich young people. In these circumstances, the invention of new and unusual methods
of transportation of cocaine is natural,” Igor Khokhlov added.
Cocaine is the oldest and the most dangerous drug. In the middle of the 19th century, physicians and public figures
actively advertised it and even included in courses of treatments and popular soft drinks. Mankind understood the
destructive effect of coca leaves in the early 20th century. Afterwards, the drug was officially banned. Cocaine addicts
belong to the medium or high class because it is an expensive drug and every next dose should be increased. Experts
agree that fighting against drugs should be started from the other end of the link by treating drug addicted people and by
intercepting their interest in drugs before its possible appearance. This should be carried out while fighting against drug
business, of course. In fact, no matter that drug barons use advanced technology for their revival, law is one for all, and they
are severely punished for violating it. In short, the Nobel Prize will not be awarded for inventing a cocaine suit, but jail terms
including life sentence are guaranteed. http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_07_31/Advanced-drug-smuggling-methods/
August 1, 2012, Surge in Cocaine Mail Trafficking Triggers Concerns. Growing online trade has encouraged drug
traffickers to increasingly use mail services to deliver cocaine to their customers, a top Russian police official in charge of
fighting drug trafficking said.
“According to the latest information from Interpol, there is a trend towards a stable growth in cocaine deliveries
using mail services,” Sergei Tikhonenko told RIA Novosti in an interview.
The number of such cases has increased “hundredfold, if not thousandfold" over the past few years, and drug
traffickers have benefitted from the fact that it is impossible to check each package or letter, he said.
In particular, dealers have been actively using international mailing services such as DHL, FedEX, TNT Express
and UPS to deliver drugs to their customers.
“This is an enormous headache for the entire world,” Tikhonenko said.
Russian drug control officials have actively cooperated with their foreign colleagues in fighting the growing trend, he
said.
“There are several centers of international mail exchange where correspondence is accumulated before being sent
to its intended country,” he said, adding that all correspondence sent to Russia from Latin America and Asia first goes to
Frankfurt, Germany, where it undergoes checks.
“The Germans work very systematically not only with correspondence intended for their domestic market, but also
with all mail that is transited through Germany,” Tikhonenko said. “They often discover cocaine in dispatches with doses
sometimes up to a dozen kilograms.”
Drug dealers have also been increasingly making use of modern chemical technologies to increase the safety of
cocaine deliveries, the official said.
“Progress achieved in the chemical industry allows making anything you want from cocaine: paper, clothes, plastic,
and even imitation leather fabrics… you can also dilute cocaine with any liquid: oil, glue, caulk, or alcoholic drinks,” he said.

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There was a case when drug dealers diluted a kilogram of cocaine with a bottle of whisky - "its weight changed, but
the volume [of liquid] remained the same," he added.
Delivering Latin American cocaine to Russia in bricks is already considered “primitive,” Tikhonenko said.
“There were cases when drug dealers hid large doses of cocaine in ore cargoes, in frozen fish, fruit puree and
concentrates…[they used] huge 200-liter barrels full of vacuum packs which cannot be inspected using the equipment that
we possess,” he added.
Some 2.5 million Russians are addicted to drugs, according to government statistics, and 90 percent of them use
heroin, which is trafficked from Afghanistan via former Soviet Central Asian republics. Russians consume some 70 tons of
Afghan heroin annually.
Cocaine is less widespread in Russia, with three to five tons of the drug originating from South America being
consumed in the country every year, according to the Russian Federal Drug Control Service.
About 30,000-40,000 Russians die annually from drug-related instances, compared to some 200,000 such deaths
worldwide, according to UN estimates. http://en.rian.ru/crime/20120730/174855647.html
How Is Drug Money Laundered?
March 15, 2012, How does money laundering work, and what is being done about it?
Drug funds have allegedly financed hotels, car dealerships, bus companies, airlines,
casinos, beauty salons, skyscrapers and restaurants, as well as the lavish lifestyles of
individual cartel members who acquire gold jewelry, expensive cars, vehicles, yachts and
planes.
“Trade-based laundering” is on the rise. Drug cartels are reported to be
increasingly using regular cross-border trade to launder their ill-gotten gains. Profits from the
sale of drugs in the USA and elsewhere are used to purchase truckloads of goods such as fruit, toys and fabric, which are
then sent south to Mexico to be sold for pesos. This cross-border trade effectively changes US dollars into pesos with few
questions being asked.
In a variation on the theme, the dollars are used to buy things such as toys or fabric from a third country such as
China. The goods are then exported to Mexico and resold. The net effect is the same: dollars become pesos, ready to help
pay for the next shipments of drugs. Trade-based laundering is hidden in the massive regular trade-flows between Mexico
and the USA which total almost 400 billion dollars a year. Authorities always seem to be one step behind the cartels, partly
because, as this LA Times article points out, cartel bosses are “among the world’s most expert transnational
entrepreneurs”. Indeed, the sheer scale of the drug money flows threatens to overwhelm Mexico’s police and security
forces.
Drug money is being transferred via a variety of means, from cash transfers (formal or informal) and deposits in
bank accounts to the purchase of goods and services (including pirated merchandise).
How can money laundering be reduced?
In recent years, Mexican authorities have focused more attention on chasing the money involved in the drugs
trade. Government officials claim that more than $50 billion in drugs money is laundered each year, more than the value of
Mexico’s oil exports and equivalent to 3% of GDP. Mexico’s laws are barely keeping up with the ingenuity of money
launderers, and convictions for money-laundering are rare.
What has Mexico done to try and prevent money laundering? There are now strict limits on the use of US dollars in
Mexico, and on cash deposits into bank accounts. The latest tightening of the rules extends the reporting of higher value US
dollar transactions to all real estate offices, car dealerships, betting parlors, art galleries and public notaries. Any purchases
using cash for items such as vehicles costing over about $14,000, and for real estate over about $70,000 are now
automatically reported to federal authorities.
As Mexico tightens its accountancy rules, drug gangs may have to keep more of their funds in the USA or go
elsewhere. Mexico is becoming a much less friendly place for the drug cartels’ informal
“retirement funds”. http://geo-mexico.com/?p=6009
How Money Laundering Works. In October 2005, U.S. congressman Tom
DeLay was indicted on money laundering charges, forcing him to step down as House
Majority Leader. Money laundering is a serious charge -- in 2001, U.S. prosecutors

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obtained almost 900 money-laundering convictions with an average prison sentence of six years. The rise of global financial
markets makes money laundering easier than ever -- countries with bank-secrecy laws are directly connected to countries
with bank-reporting laws, making it possible to anonymously deposit "dirty" money in one country and then have it
transferred to any other country for use.
Money laundering happens in almost every country in the world, and a single scheme typically involves transferring
money through several countries in order to obscure its origins. In this article, we'll learn exactly what money laundering is
and why it's necessary, who launders money and how they do it and what steps the authorities are taking to try to foil
money-laundering operations.
Money laundering, at its simplest, is the act of making money that comes from Source A look like it comes from
Source B. In practice, criminals are trying to disguise the origins of money obtained through illegal activities so it looks like it
was obtained from legal sources. Otherwise, they can't use the money because it would connect them to the criminal
activity, and law-enforcement officials would seize it.
The most common types of criminals who need to launder money are drug traffickers, embezzlers, corrupt
politicians and public officials, mobsters, terrorists and con artists. Drug traffickers are in serious need of good laundering
systems because they deal almost exclusively in cash, which causes all sorts of logistics problems. Not only does cash
draw the attention of law-enforcement officials, but it's also really heavy. Cocaine that's worth $1 million on the street weighs
about 44 pounds (20 kg), while a stash of U.S. dollars worth $1 million weighs about 256 pounds (116 kg).
The basic money laundering process has three steps:
Placement - At this stage, the launderer inserts the dirty money into a legitimate financial institution. This is often in
the form of cash bank deposits. This is the riskiest stage of the laundering process because large amounts of cash are
pretty conspicuous, and banks are required to report high-value transactions.
Layering - Layering involves sending the money through various financial transactions to change its form and make
it difficult to follow. Layering may consist of several bank-to-bank transfers, wire transfers between different accounts in
different names in different countries, making deposits and withdrawals to continually vary the amount of money in the
accounts, changing the money's currency, and purchasing high-value items (boats, houses, cars, diamonds) to change the
form of the money. This is the most complex step in any laundering scheme, and it's all about making the original dirty
money as hard to trace as possible.
Integration - At the integration stage, the money re-enters the mainstream economy in legitimate-looking form -- it
appears to come from a legal transaction. This may involve a final bank transfer into the account of a local business in
which the launderer is "investing" in exchange for a cut of the profits, the sale of a yacht bought during the layering stage or
the purchase of a $10 million screwdriver from a company owned by the launderer. At this point, the criminal can use the
money without getting caught. It's very difficult to catch a launderer during the integration stage if there is no documentation
during the previous stages.
Money laundering is a crucial step in the success of drug trafficking and terrorist activities, not to mention white
collar crime, and there are countless organizations trying to get a handle on the problem. In the United States, the
Department of Justice, the State Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service and the
Drug Enforcement Agency all have divisions investigating money laundering and the underlying financial structures that
make it work. State and local police also investigate cases that fall under their jurisdiction. Because global financial systems
play a major role in most high-level laundering schemes, the international community is fighting money laundering through
various means, including the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), which as of 2005 has 33 member
states and organizations. The United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund also have anti-moneylaundering
divisions.
Money-laundering Methods. In 1996, Harvard-educated economist Franklin Jurado went to prison for cleaning $36
million for Colombian drug lord Jose Santacruz-Londono. People with a whole lot of dirty money typically hire financial
experts to handle the laundering process. It's complex by necessity: The whole idea is to make it impossible for authorities
to trace the dirty money while it's cleaned.
There are lots of money-laundering techniques that authorities know about and probably countless others that have
yet to be uncovered. Here are some of the more popular ones:
Black Market Colombian Peso Exchange This system, which the DEA calls the "largest drug money-laundering
mechanism in the Western Hemisphere" [ref], came to light in the 1990s. A Colombian official sat down with people in the
U.S. Treasury Department to discuss the problem of U.S. goods being illegally imported into Colombia using the black
market. When they considered the issue alongside the drug-money-laundering problem, U.S. and Columbian officials put
two and two together and discovered that the same mechanism was achieving both ends. This complex setup relies on the
fact that there are businesspeople in Colombia -- typically importers of international goods -- who need U.S. dollars in order
to conduct business. To avoid the Colombian government's taxes on the money exchange from pesos to dollars and the
tariffs on imported goods, these businessmen can go to black market "peso brokers" who charge a lower fee to conduct the

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transaction outside of government intervention. That's the illegal importing side of the scheme. The money-laundering side
goes like this: A drug trafficker turns over dirty U.S. dollars to a peso broker in Colombia. The peso broker then uses those
drug dollars to purchase goods in the United States for Colombian importers. When the importers receive those goods
(below government radar) and sell them for pesos in Colombia, they pay back the peso broker from the proceeds. The peso
broker then gives the drug trafficker the equivalent in pesos (minus a commission) of the original, dirty U.S. dollars that
began the process.
Structuring deposits Also known as smurfing, this method entails breaking up large amounts of money into smaller,
less-suspicious amounts. In the United States, this smaller amount has to be below $10,000 -- the dollar amount at which
U.S. banks have to report the transaction to the government. The money is then deposited into one or more bank accounts
either by multiple people (smurfs) or by a single person over an extended period of time.
Overseas banks Money launderers often send money through various "offshore accounts" in countries that have
bank secrecy laws, meaning that for all intents and purposes, these countries allow anonymous banking. A complex
scheme can involve hundreds of bank transfers to and from offshore banks. According to the International Monetary Fund,
"major offshore centers" include the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, Antilles, Panama and Singapore.
Underground/alternative banking Some countries in Asia have well-established, legal alternative banking systems
that allow for undocumented deposits, withdrawals and transfers. These are trust-based systems, often with ancient roots,
that leave no paper trail and operate outside of government control. This includes the hawala system in Pakistan and India
and the fie chen system in China.
Shell companies These are fake companies that exist for no other reason than to launder money. They take in dirty
money as "payment" for supposed goods or services but actually provide no goods or services; they simply create the
appearance of legitimate transactions through fake invoices and balance sheets.
Investing in legitimate businesses Launderers sometimes place dirty money in otherwise legitimate businesses to
clean it. They may use large businesses like brokerage firms or casinos that deal in so much money it's easy for the dirty
stuff to blend in, or they may use small, cash-intensive businesses like bars, car washes, strip clubs or check-cashing
stores. These businesses may be "front companies" that actually do provide a good or service but whose real purpose is to
clean the launderer's money. This method typically works in one of two ways: The launderer can combine his dirty money
with the company's clean revenues -- in this case, the company reports higher revenues from its legitimate business than
it's really earning; or the launderer can simply hide his dirty money in the company's legitimate bank accounts in the hopes
that authorities won't compare the bank balance to the company's financial statements.
Most money-laundering schemes involve some combination of these methods, although the Black Market Peso
Exchange is pretty much a one-stop-shopping system once someone smuggles the cash to the peso broker. The variety of
tools available to launderers makes this a difficult crime to stop, but authorities do catch the bad guys every now and then.
In the next section, we'll take a look at two busted money-laundering operations.
White-collar laundering: Eddie Antar. In the 1980s, Eddie Antar, the owner of Crazy Eddie's Electronics, skimmed
millions of dollars from the company to hide it from the IRS. That was the original plan, anyway, but he and his coconspirators
eventually decided they could make better use of the money if they sent it back to the company disguised as
revenue. This would inflate the company's reported assets in preparation for its IPO. In a series of trips to Israel, Antar
carried millions of dollars strapped to his body and in his suitcase. Here's a basic recounting of how the scheme worked:
Placement: Antar made a series of separate deposits to a bank in Israel. On one trip, he made 12 deposits in a
single day. Layering: Before U.S. or Israeli authorities had a chance to notice the suddenly huge balance in the account,
Antar had the Israeli bank wire transfer everything to Panama, where bank secrecy laws are in effect. From that account,
Antar could make anonymous transfers to various offshore accounts. Integration: Antar then slowly wired the money from
those accounts to the legitimate Crazy Eddie's Electronics bank account, where the money got mixed in with legitimate
dollars and documented as revenue.
Overall, Crazy Eddie laundered more than $8 million. His scheme boosted the initial offering stock price so that the
company ended up worth $40 million more than it would have been without the added revenue. Antar sold his stock and left
with $30 million in profit. Authorities found him in Israel in 1992, and Israel extradited him to the United States to stand trial.
He received an eight-year prison sentence.
Drug-money laundering: Franklin Jurado
In the late 1980s and early '90s, Harvard-educated economist Franklin Jurado ran an operation to launder money
for Colombian drug lord Jose Santacruz-Londono. His was a very complex scheme. In its simplest form, the operation went
something like this:
Placement: Jurado deposited cash from U.S. drug sales in Panama bank accounts. Layering: He then transferred
the money from Panama to more than 100 bank accounts in 68 banks in nine countries in Europe, always in transactions
under $10,000 to avoid suspicion. The bank accounts were in made-up names and names of Santacruz-Londono's
mistresses and family members. Jurado then set up shell companies in Europe in order to document the money as

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legitimate income. Integration: The plan was to send the money to Colombia, where Santacruz-Londono would use it to fund
his numerous legitimate business there. But Jurado got caught.
In total, Jurado funneled $36 million in drug money through legitimate financial institutions. Jurado's scheme came
to light when a Monaco bank collapsed, and a subsequent audit revealed numerous accounts that could be traced back to
Jurado. At the same time, Jurado's neighbor in Luxembourg filed a noise complaint because Jurado had a money-counting
machine running all night. Local authorities investigated, and a Luxembourg court ultimately found him guilty of money
laundering. When he'd finished serving his time in Luxembourg, a U.S. court found him guilty, too, and sentenced him to
seven-and-a-half years in prison.
When authorities are able to interrupt a laundering scheme, it can pay off tremendously, leading to arrests, dirty
money and property seizures and sometimes the dismantling of a criminal operation. However, most money-laundering
schemes go unnoticed, and large operations have serious effects on social and economic health.
The Effects of Money Laundering. Depending on which international agency you ask, criminals launder anywhere
between $500 billion and $1 trillion worldwide every year. The global effect is staggering in social, economic and security
terms.
On the socio-cultural end of the spectrum, successfully laundering money means that criminal activity actually does
pay off. This success encourages criminals to continue their illicit schemes because they get to spend the profit with no
repercussions. This means more fraud, more corporate embezzling (which means more workers losing their pensions when
the corporation collapses), more drugs on the streets, more drug-related crime, law-enforcement resources stretched
beyond their means and a general loss of morale on the part of legitimate business people who don't break the law and
don't make nearly the profits that the criminals do.
The economic effects are on a broader scale. Developing countries often bear the brunt of modern money
laundering because the governments are still in the process of establishing regulations for their newly privatized financial
sectors. This makes them a prime target. In the 1990s, numerous banks in the developing Baltic states ended up with huge,
widely rumored deposits of dirty money. Bank patrons proceeded to withdraw their own clean money for fear of losing it if
the banks came under investigation and lost their insurance. The banks collapsed as a result. Other major issues facing the
world's economies include errors in economic policy resulting from artificially inflated financial sectors. Massive influxes of
dirty cash into particular areas of the economy that are desirable to money launderers create false demand, and officials act
on this new demand by adjusting economic policy. When the laundering process reaches a certain point or if lawenforcement
officials start to show interest, all of that money that will suddenly disappear without any predictable economic
cause, and that financial sector falls apart.
Some problems on a more local scale relate to taxation and small-business competition. Laundered money is
usually untaxed, meaning the rest of us ultimately have to make up the loss in tax revenue. Also, legitimate small
businesses can't compete with money-laundering front businesses that can afford to sell a product for cheaper because
their primary purpose is to clean money, not turn a profit. They have so much cash coming in that they might even sell a
product or service below cost.
The majority of global investigations focus on two prime money-laundering industries: Drug trafficking and terrorist
organizations. The effect of successfully cleaning drug money is clear: More drugs, more crime, more violence. The
connection between money laundering and terrorism may be a bit more complex, but it plays a crucial role in the
sustainability of terrorist organizations. Most people who financially support terrorist organizations do not simply write a
personal check and hand it over to a member of the terrorist group. They send the money in roundabout ways that allow
them to fund terrorism while maintaining anonymity. And on the other end, terrorists do not use credit cards and checks to
purchase the weapons, plane tickets and civilian assistance they need to carry out a plot. They launder the money so
authorities can't trace it back to them and foil their planned attack. Interrupting the laundering process can cut off funding
and resources to terrorist groups.
So the next question is: What are authorities doing to prevent money laundering?
Fighting Money Laundering
It's a daunting task to trace the origins of any deposit when there are about 700,000 global wire transfers occurring
every day [ref]. Which is the dirty money and which is the clean stuff? Within the United States, there are two primary
methods employed by the government to detect and combat money laundering: legislation and law enforcement.
The United States addresses the crime of money laundering in countless legislative acts. Here are just a few of
them:
The Bank Secrecy Act (1970) basically eliminates all anonymous banking in the United States. It gives the Treasury
Department the ability to force banks to keep records that make it easier to spot a laundering operation. This includes
reporting all single transactions above $10,000 and multiple transactions totaling more than $10,000 to or from a single
account in one day. A banker who consistently violates this rule can serve up to 10 years in prison.

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The 1986 Money Laundering Control Act makes money laundering a crime in itself instead of just an element of
another crime, and the 1994 Money Laundering Suppression Act orders banks to establish their own money-laundering task
forces to weed out suspicious activity in their institutions. The 2001 U.S. Patriot Act sets up mandatory identity checks for
U.S. bank patrons and provides resources toward tracking transactions in the underground/alternative banking systems
frequented by terrorist money handlers. For a more complete list of U.S. anti-money-laundering legislation, see FDIC: Bank
Secrecy Act and Anti-Money Laundering.
In addition to legislation intended to detect a money-laundering operation, undercover stings are also a component
of the fight. The DEA's Operation Juno, which ended in 1999, is a prime example. The DEA out of Atlanta conducted a sting
operation that involved providing resources to drug traffickers to launder money. The undercover DEA agents made deals
with the traffickers to turn drug money from dollars to pesos using the Colombian Black Market Peso Exchange. The
operation ended with 40 arrests and the seizure of $10 million in drug proceeds and 3,600 kilograms of cocaine.
Despite these victories, the truth is that no individual nation has the power to stop money laundering -- if one
country is hostile to laundering, criminals simply look elsewhere for a place to clean their money. Global cooperation is
essential. The most prominent international organization in this respect is probably the Financial Action Task Force (FATF),
which has 33 member states and international organizations on its roster list as of 2005. The FATF issued the "40
Recommendations" for banks (there are actually 49 now, but the moniker hasn't changed) that have become the antimoney-laundering
standard. These recommendations include:
Identify and do background checks on depositors.
Report all suspicious activity. (For example, if a background check revealed that depositor A works in a steel
factory, and he typically deposits $2,000 every two weeks, a series of 10 $9,000 deposits over the course of two weeks
should raise a red flag.)
Build an internal taskforce to identify laundering clues.
The "recommendations" are really more like rules than friendly tips. The FATF keeps a list of "uncooperative
countries" -- those who have not enacted the recommendations. The FATF encourages its member states not to deal with
those countries in financial matters.
Other global organizations fighting money laundering include the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund,
the World Bank, and smaller groups like the Caribbean FATF and the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering.
While increased worldwide efforts are making a small dent in the money-laundering industry, the problem is huge,
and the money launderers are winning overall. Countries with bank-secrecy rules, which arguably have legitimate benefits
to the honest depositor, make it extremely hard to track money once it's transferred overseas. Still, the FATF's
uncooperative list has gone from 15 countries in 2000 to two countries (Myanmar and Nigeria) in 2005. By most accounts,
this is a significant sign of progress. Only increased global awareness and cooperation can curb the success of the moneylaundering
industry. http://money.howstuffworks.com/money-laundering.htm/printable
Comment/Analysis: This article is very lengthy but it does explain in great detail how money laundering takes place. It has
also been around a while but it still has utility. My interest in it grew from the fact that drug trafficking brings in enormous
amounts of cash and I knew that you just don’t simply walk across the border (although some do try it) with pockets full of
money. For more information, yes, there’s more, see https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/moneylaundering/index.html?ref=menuside
(UNODC on money-laundering and countering the financing of terrorism)
Terrorism
August 1, 2012, The ‘lone wolf’ terrorist. A mounting global threat is of terrorists who act as “lone
wolves”. Locating and preventing such terrorist activity is more complicated than organizational terror
threats. A new study conducted by Prof. Gabriel Weimann of the University of Haifa, reveals that
these “lone wolves” are not in fact so isolated and belong to virtual terrorist communities on the
Internet. “We may be able to better prevent ‘lone wolf’ terrorist attacks by following the radicalization
of opinions being expressed online and by tracking the enlistment and training processes that are
happening in that sphere,” noted Prof. Weimann.In recent years the number of “lone wolf” terrorists has
been on the rise. They act alone, influenced by radical ideologies, and are not members of any organization or
subjects of any organizational hierarchy, making it particularly difficult and almost impossible to locate them before they

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carry out attacks. Making it even more difficult to locate such individuals is the fact that they do not belong to any specific
sector of the population and could in fact be “the guy next door”. According to Prof. Weimann, intelligence organizations are
aware that much of the terrorist activity is shifting from the known terrorist organizations to “lone wolf” activity, and even
President of the United States Barack Obama commented in 2011 that this type of attack has become the most likely to
cause harm in the Western world.
In his new study, Prof. Weimann shows that these wolves are probably not so ‘lonely’. As part of a long-term study
that he launched over ten years ago, Prof. Weimann has been surveying encoded and public international terror
organization websites, as well as sites supporting these organizations, forums, video clips, and whatever information there
is on the net relating to global terrorism. According to Prof. Weimann, most of the “lonely wolves” make contact, share
information, and acquire training through the Internet, whether from sites that are linked with terror organizations, from
forums supporting such organizations, or from other platforms. In addition to this sort of “regular” activity on the web, social
networks provide these individuals with their virtual wolfpack: a virtual community of people who think like them, who share
their ideals, and with whom they can consult and share advice. “The virtual community gives the ‘lone wolf’ social
environment, support, and moral encouragement,” Prof. Weimann notes.
The researcher presents a number of examples of such terrorists who supposedly acted alone. It was revealed that
American officer Nidal Hasan, who shot and killed thirteen American soldiers, had communicated with a known terrorist
through the Internet. Arif Uka, a young Bosnian who shot and killed American soldiers in Frankfurt, was a Facebook friend
of various known Islamist radicals.
Another known example is the Internet activity that followed Mohamed Merah’s attack killing four Jews in Toulouse a
number of months ago. Monitoring the web, Prof. Weimann has observed that immediately after Merah was killed in a police
siege, members of Jihadist online forums began praising Merah’s act and encouraged additional acts like it. A Facebook
page praising the killings was promptly created and by the time it was closed down with the involvement of the French
government, 500 Facebook users had joined it. According to Prof. Weimann, it is these types of forums and activity that
must be monitored to locate and identify the next “lone wolf”.
“Enlistment, confidence building, explanations as well as social support for the ‘lone wolves’ are all becoming
available on the Internet. These sites can be monitored. Depending on how deeply the law will get involved in this sort of
Internet activity is what will determine the time it takes to sound the alarm on an individualist’s intended act of terror. Clearly,
undercover agents will be able to penetrate the terrorists’ social networks by becoming more familiar with this sort of
activity,” concludes Prof. Weimann. http://newmedia-eng.haifa.ac.il/?p=5941
Comment/Analysis: According to the FBI there are thousands of lone wolves across America. They almost always
leave behind signals about what they intend to do but spotting a lone wolf before they strike is highly unlikely. Their
clandestine activities are difficult to detect, increasing the challenge for law enforcement interdiction efforts. One other
problem that has to be addressed is that of our returning Soldiers/Marines/Sailors/Airmen from war zones. Like it or not we
have to face the fact that some of them may not be in the best of mental health upon their return and we have to be there to
help them adjust. Our health providers/counselors need to identify those individuals that may be prone to hurting
themselves or others. As much as I hate to say it, there may be a lone wolf in the group. Let’s help them before they do
harm.
Country Reports on Terrorism 2011.U.S. law requires the Secretary of State to provide
Congress, by April 30 of each year, a full and complete report on terrorism with regard to those
countries and groups meeting criteria set forth in the legislation. This annual report is entitled Country
Reports on Terrorism. Beginning with the report for 2004, it replaced the previously published
Patterns of Global Terrorism. http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2011/index.htm
Periodic Table of Terrorist Organizations [infographic] using groups designated by the United States Department of
State. Drawing on other data we have added several associated characteristics, including geographic location, approximate
level of attacks (total), approximate size of organization by members, status of activity, and the age of the group.
Printable.pdf version at http://navantigroup.com/sites/navantigroup.com/files/resources/2012-
03/NAVANTI_INFOGRAPHIC_1-3_0.pdf

The Stans
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August 1, 2012, Uzbekistan Refrains from Joining Military Blocs – Foreign Policy Strategy. Uzbekistan’s lower
house of Parliament on Wednesday passed President Islam Karimov's new foreign policy strategy, which rules out
Tashkent’s membership in any military alliances and bans foreign military bases on Uzbek territory, Central Asian Fergana
News Agency reported.
Uzbekistan, which didn’t have a specific foreign policy document until recently, rejects any membership in military
alliances and “reserves its right to quit an interstate coalition if it turns into a military alliance,” Fergana quoted the foreign
policy strategy as saying.
According to the document, Uzbekistan would not host foreign military bases on its territory, a fact that would
alleviate the concerns Russia has had over Tashkent’s possible cooperation with NATO ever since Uzbekistan suspended
membership in the Russia-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in late June.
On June 29, Tashkent announced it would suspend its membership in the CSTO, a move Moscow perceived as an
attempt to clear the way for military cooperation with the United States.
The Uzbek foreign policy strategy also states that the country will not participate in any military campaigns abroad,
according to Fergana news.
The document will be sent to the country’s upper house of Parliament, the Senate, where it is expected to be
reviewed by the end of August. http://en.ria.ru/world/20120801/174905989.html
Comment/Analysis: In my last newsletter I mentioned that any U.S. basing in Uzbekistan was sure to inflame President
Putin, not to mention China. My guess is that Putin paid a visit to President Karimov.

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Russia
August 14, 2012, Silent Running. Russian attack submarine sailed in Gulf of Mexico
undetected for weeks, U.S. officials say.
A Russian nuclear-powered attack submarine armed with long-range cruise
missiles operated undetected in the Gulf of Mexico for several weeks and its travel in
strategic U.S. waters was only confirmed after it left the region, the Washington Free
Beacon has learned.
It is only the second time since 2009 that a Russian attack submarine has patrolled
so close to U.S. shores.
The stealth underwater incursion in the Gulf took place at the same time Russian strategic bombers made
incursions into restricted U.S. airspace near Alaska and California in June and July, and highlights a growing military
assertiveness by Moscow.
The submarine patrol also exposed what U.S. officials said were deficiencies in U.S. anti-submarine warfare
capabilities—forces that are facing cuts under the Obama administration’s plan to reduce defense spending by $487 billion
over the next 10 years.
The Navy is in charge of detecting submarines, especially those that sail near U.S. nuclear missile submarines, and
uses undersea sensors and satellites to locate and track them.
The fact that the Akula was not detected in the Gulf is cause for concern, U.S. officials said.
The officials who are familiar with reports of the submarine patrol in the Gulf of Mexico said the vessel was a
nuclear-powered Akula-class attack submarine, one of Russia’s quietest submarines.
A Navy spokeswoman declined to comment.
One official said the Akula operated without being detected for a month.
“The Akula was built for one reason and one reason only: To kill U.S. Navy ballistic missile submarines and their
crews,” said a second U.S. official.
“It’s a very stealthy boat so it can sneak around and avoid detection and hope to get past any protective screen a
boomer might have in place,” the official said, referring to the Navy nickname for strategic missile submarines.
The U.S. Navy operates a strategic nuclear submarine base at Kings Bay, Georgia. The base is homeport to eight
missile-firing submarines, six of them equipped with nuclear-tipped missiles, and two armed with conventional warhead
missiles.
“Sending a nuclear-propelled submarine into the Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean region is another manifestation of
President Putin demonstrating that Russia is still a player on the world’s political-military stage,” said naval analyst and
submarine warfare specialist Norman Polmar.
“Like the recent deployment of a task force led by a nuclear cruiser into the Caribbean, the Russian Navy provides
him with a means of ‘showing the flag’ that is not possible with Russian air and ground forces,” Polmar said in an email.
The last time an Akula submarine was known to be close to U.S. shores was 2009, when two Akulas were spotted
patrolling off the east coast of the United States.
Those submarine patrols raised concerns at the time about a new Russian military assertiveness toward the United
States, according to the New York Times, which first reported the 2009 Akula submarine activity.
The latest submarine incursion in the Gulf further highlights the failure of the Obama administration’s “reset” policy
of conciliatory actions designed to develop closer ties with Moscow.
Instead of closer ties, Russia under President Vladimir Putin, an ex-KGB intelligence officer who has said he wants
to restore elements of Russia’s Soviet communist past, has adopted growing hardline policies against the United States.
Of the submarine activity, Sen. John Cornyn (R., Texas), member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said,
“It’s a confounding situation arising from a lack of leadership in our dealings with Moscow. While the president is touting our
supposed ‘reset’ in relations with Russia, Vladimir Putin is actively working against American interests, whether it’s in Syria
or here in our own backyard.”
The Navy is facing sharp cuts in forces needed to detect and counter such submarine activity.
The Obama administration’s defense budget proposal in February cut $1.3 billion from Navy shipbuilding projects,
which will result in scrapping plans to build 16 new warships through 2017.
The budget also called for cutting plans to buy 10 advanced P-8 anti-submarine warfare jets needed for submarine
detection.

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In June, Russian strategic nuclear bombers and support aircraft conducted a large-scale nuclear bomber exercise
in the arctic. The exercise included simulated strikes on “enemy” strategic sites that defense officials say likely included
notional attacks on U.S. missile defenses in Alaska.
Under the terms of the 2010 New START arms accord, such exercises require 14-day advanced notice of strategic
bomber drills, and notification after the drills end. No such notification was given.
A second, alarming air incursion took place July 4 on the West Coast when a Bear H strategic bomber flew into U.S.
airspace near California and was met by U.S. interceptor jets.
That incursion was said to have been a bomber incursion that has not been seen since before the Soviet Union
collapsed in 1991.
It could not be learned whether the submarine in the Gulf of Mexico was an Akula 1 type submarine or a more
advanced Akula 2.
It is also not known why the submarine conducted the operation. Theories among U.S. analysts include the notion
that submarine incursion was designed to further signal Russian displeasure at U.S. and NATO plans to deploy missile
defenses in Europe.
Russia’s chief of the general staff, Gen. Nikolai Makarov, said in May that Russian forces would consider
preemptive attacks on U.S. and allied missile defenses in Europe, and claimed the defenses are destabilizing in a crisis.
Makarov met with Army Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in July. Dempsey questioned
him about the Russian strategic bomber flights near U.S. territory.
The voyage of the submarine also could be part of Russian efforts to export the Akula.
Russia delivered one of its Akula-2 submarines to India in 2009. The submarine is distinctive for its large tail fin.
Brazil’s O Estado de Sao Paoli reported Aug. 2 that Russia plans to sell Venezuela up to 11 new submarines,
including one Akula.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Moscow’s military is working to set up naval replenishment facilities in
Vietnam and Cuba, but denied there were plans to base naval forces in those states.
Asked if Russia planned a naval base in Cuba, Lavrov said July 28: “We are not speaking of any bases. The
Russian navy ships serve exercise cruises and training in the same regions. To harbor, resupply, and enable the crew to
rest are absolutely natural needs. We have spoken of such opportunities with our Cuban friends.” The comment was posted
in the Russian Foreign Ministry website.
Russian warships and support vessels were sent to Venezuela in 2008 to take part in naval exercises in a show of
Russian support for the leftist regime of Hugo Chavez. The ships also stopped in Cuba.
Russian Deputy Premier Dmitri Rogozin announced in February that Russia was
working on a plan to build 10 new attack submarines and 10 new missile submarines through
2030, along with new aircraft carriers.
Submarine warfare specialists say the Akula remains the core of the Russian attack
submarine force.
The submarines can fire both cruise missiles and torpedoes, and are equipped with
the SSN-21 and SSN-27 submarine-launched cruise missiles, as well as SSN-15 antisubmarine-warfare
missiles. The submarines also can lay mines.
The SSN-21 has a range of up to 1,860 miles. http://freebeacon.com/silent-running/
Comment/Analysis: The bear continues to display its teeth. This took place at the same time Russian strategic
bombers made incursions into restricted U.S. airspace near Alaska and California in June and July, and highlights a growing
military assertiveness by Moscow (see issue 4 of OSINT Nuggets). Soon after taking office President Putin took in the
Victory Day parade where he showcased Russia’s military strength (see next posting under OSINT).
Now let me insert a bit of analysis to this being the suspicious analyst that I am. First of all I am very surprised the
sub was able to operate for that length of time and not be detected by our sophisticated Navy. Could it be that our navy did
know and was able to track the sub but kept it quiet for two reasons (I have several but
will only point out two). First off, the Navy has been cut big time dollars which included
anti-submarine projects. Maybe, just maybe, the Senate Armed Services Committee
will now have a good excuse to fight and get those dollars back. We can’t have those
pesky Russians playing in our swimming hole. Remember President Reagan and his
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) of 1984 when congress was somewhat misled after a
supposedly successful SDI test involving two missiles over the Pacific? Congress
poured money into the SDI program. Second reason could be a disinformation
campaign targeted at the Russians. Again, the Navy was able to track the sub but did
not fess up to it in an attempt to get the Russians to think they have a superb and

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stealthy sub. Let me throw in something else. The strategic bomber incursion could have been a ploy to divert attention from
the submarine as it operated to get into the gulf. However, if in fact the Russians are able to operate without being detected
you can bet the Chinese will be after the technology. Think about it, they were in the Gulf of Mexico?
Exploiting Open Source
May 9, 2012, Russia’s might up close: Victory parade arms galore (FULL VIDEO, PHOTOS). RT takes a closer look
at the Victory Day military parade in Moscow. It involved some 14 thousand troops as well as the best hardware the Russian
defense ministry has to offer.
Celebrating Victory Day with a military parade on Red Square is a long standing tradition. The first such event was
held in 1945 on June 24, more than a month after the defeat of Nazi Germany. Troops who had just returned from the front
took part in the mass celebration.
The initial plan included an aircraft fly-over and military columns with civilians following in tow.
But as the day started with heavy rain, organizers were forced to make last-minute changes. One of the key parts of
the parade was the demonstration of the Nazi banners captured by the Soviets. A documentary of the event was one of the
first Russian movies made in color.
Soon thereafter, parades were held on May 9 to mark jubilee years of the victory – in 1965, 1985, 1990 and 1995.
The consequent events were annual, although not every occasion was used to show off the country’s military hardware. The
jubilee 2005 parade included an aerial component, but no ground military vehicles. Tanks and missiles became a part of
every Victory Day parade after 2008.
The most massive parade in Moscow was in 2010 during the 65 year anniversary celebration of the war’s end. It
included 161 vehicles and 127 aircraft, as well as 11,135 troops. It was also the first parade to have foreign troops march
alongside Russians soldiers.
This year’s hardware demonstration included T-90 tanks, BTR 80 armored personnel carriers, Tigr armored
reconnaissance vehicles, Buk-2M2 air defense missile systems, Topol-M ballistic missile launchers, S-PU 400 long-range
air defense missile systems, Iskander tactical missile launchers and MSTA-S self-propelled howitzers. Mi-8 helicopters flew
over Red Square carrying military flags. https://rt.com/news/victory-parade-photos-moscow-822/
Comment/Analysis: This is open source information, not yet open source intelligence, at its finest. The equipment
is impressive, but that’s what a parade is all about, isn’t it. Either way you can bet our intelligence analysts may still be
analyzing this parade. Everything from President Putin’s speech, to the equipment and interview of Russian soldiers is full of
information that can be exploited for our military’s benefit. I found interesting one interview of a Russian soldier who was
asked what he thought about a specific piece of equipment. His answer was that it was very uncomfortable with little room
inside. Simple answers like those are of great interest to our intelligence community.
News for Parents: Protecting Our Children
DRUG GUIDE FOR PARENTS: LEARN THE FACTS TO KEEP YOUR TEEN SAFE.
http://www.drugfree.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/drug_chart_10.25.10_opt.pdf
Note: The following article on human trafficking I felt belongs under the “news
for parents” title. Our kids are sometimes the first indicators of what’s taking place in
our community. They see and hear things but may not know, or may be afraid, of how
to discuss a particular subject.

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Page 32 of 33
July 19, 2012, Human trafficking: organized crime and the multibillion dollar sale of
people. The exploitation of human beings is a highly lucrative business for organized criminal
groups. As a new UNODC campaign launched this week highlights, it is an illicit market which
affects millions of victims worldwide every year. With traffickers making an estimated $32 billion
annually, human trafficking is one of the world's most shameful crimes and one which robs
people of their dignity and basic rights.
Developed to raise awareness around transnational organized crime, the campaign
highlights some of the key threats being faced today - with human trafficking one of the leading
concerns. The campaign, which can be seen on www.unodc.org/toc, includes a new video which
is being rolled out online ( www.youtube.com/unodc) and through international broadcasters and
illustrates the key financial and social costs of this international issue.
While the best-known form of human trafficking is for the purpose of sexual exploitation, hundreds of thousands of
victims are also trafficked for forced labour, domestic servitude, child begging or the removal of their organs. The many
different types of human trafficking means that there is no single, typical victim profile. Cases are
seen in all parts of the world and victims are targeted irrespective of gender, age or background.
Children, for example, might be trafficked from Eastern to Western Europe for the purpose of
begging or as pickpockets; while young girls from Africa could be deceived with promises of
modelling or au pair jobs only to find themselves trapped in a world of sexual and pornographic
exploitation.
A central component of the campaign is driving action against transnational organized
crime. It calls not just on Government authorities to act, but also highlights the role of communities and individuals.
Some of the steps that the campaign suggests in tackling human trafficking include:
• Being alert: if you see anything that you think might be related to trafficking, tell the police or telephone your local
anti-trafficking helpline, if one is available.
• Being involved: find out what is being done to prevent human trafficking in your community, see what you can do
and encourage your friends, family and neighbours to be more aware about human trafficking.
• Being aware: join the UNODC-led Blue Heart Campaign against human trafficking by visiting
www.unodc.org/blueheart. Help spread the word through your social media networks or make a donation to the UN
Trust Fund for Victims of Human Trafficking.
• Being responsible: make sure that your consumer choices and actions are ethical ones, e.g. choose not to
purchase goods and services that could be linked directly or indirectly with sexual exploitation, forced labour or
other forms of forced subjugation.
As the guardian of the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing Convention, UNODC has
been at the forefront in tackling human trafficking. UNODC offers practical help to Member States, not only by helping to
draft laws and create comprehensive national anti-trafficking strategies but also assisting with resources to implement them.
At the national level, countries continue to implement the Protocol and work towards integrating anti-human trafficking
legislation into their domestic laws.
Towards the end of 2012, UNODC will be publishing a new global report on trafficking in persons. Based on data
collected from Member States, the report will provide a basis for evaluating how trends have changed since the last global
UNODC data collection exercise in 2009 and will provide guidance as to what remains to be done.
UNODC also manages the United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Human Trafficking (especially women
and children). Officially launched in 2010 by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, the Trust Fund supports the provision of onthe-ground
humanitarian, legal and financial aid to victims of trafficking and provides members of the public an avenue
through which they can donate to this important cause.
Comment/Analysis: Human trafficking comes in all colors and is not relegated to undeveloped or developing countries.
It’s happening all around the globe and sometimes right under our noses. The shameful part is that it is also taking place in
the most developed country on earth – the United States, and the sad thing is that even when it is recognized we choose to
turn the other way and make believe it isn’t happening. Look at the pictures above of those kids. How do you feel now?

OSINT Nuggets
Page 33 of 33
Related links:
Department of Homeland Security Human Trafficking Report
http://bhtc.us/resources.html
Transnational Organized Crime Campaign website
Transnational Organized Crime Video
UNODC and human trafficking
Blue Heart Campaign against Human Trafficking
UN Voluntary Trust Fund for Victims of Human Trafficking
http://human.globalincidentmap.com/
1. Americans Under Surveillance - Almost Constantly
http://web.archive.org/web/20110627224937/http://nucnews.net/nucnews/2000nn/0011nn/001130nn.htm#30\
2. Americans Unknowingly Under Almost Constant Surveillance
http://web.archive.org/web/20110728154544/http://www.jvim.com/ib/2001/01/beast.html
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