or*¾ pmpOf - burmastar records and references
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{NyDv - 2007<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> <strong>pmpOf</strong>

© 88 ESpf - jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; a&;om;í? <strong>or*¾</strong><strong>pmpOf</strong>rS<br />

2007 ckESpf {NyDvwGif xkwfa0onf/<br />

{NyDv - 2007 yxrtBudrf tkyfa& - 500<br />

wefzdk; - $ 30 US<br />

pmpDpm½dkuf - &efEdkif? jrifhaZmf? Zifarmif? rsKd;rif; 'DZdkif;^tjyiftqif - ausmf0if;<br />

tzHk;tjyiftqif - ausmf0if;<br />

yHkESdyfwdkuf - Edkbl&DyHkESdyfwdkuf? csif;rdkif<br />

e-mail: abfsu@abfsu.net, bakatha@loxinfo.co.th URL: http://www.abfsu.net<br />

The Union Publishing<br />

P.O Box (102), Mae Ping Post Office, Chiang Mai (50301) Thail<strong>and</strong><br />

© rlydkif - <strong>or*¾</strong><strong>pmpOf</strong><br />

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{&m0wDnDaemifpmay? &JabmfoHk;usdyf? a'gufwmodef;vGif? &efukefwuúodkvfordkif;? wdkhArmtpnf;t½Hk;ordkif; (y^'k)?<br />

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rl&if;&SmazGr&aom "gwfyHkrsm;/<br />

© pmvHk;- 0if;tif;0? yifeD? wdkif;e,l;½dkref? aumf&D&me,l;<br />

(Auo)rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDrS<br />

Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s & Open Society Institute wdkh\<br />

axmufyHUulnDrIjzifU xkwfa0onf/<br />

ISBN 9 7 8 - 9 7 4 - 7 1 7 8 - 0 1 - 2

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ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzJGYcsKyf (EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD) rS xkwfa0onf

THE UNION PUBLISHING<br />

P.O Box (102), Mae Ping P.O, Chiang Mai (50301) Thail<strong>and</strong>

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rDSjirf;cJU&aom tcsuftvufrsm;? "gwfyHkrsm;ESifUywfoufaom jynfwGif;jynfyxkwf pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;?<br />

tifwmewfpmrsufESmrsm;? owif;Xmersm;? ,ckpmtkyfESifU ywfoufNyD; vkyfaqmifay;cJUMuaom tjcm;<br />

trnfrazmfjyEdkifaom olrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf;aumif; tav;teuf rSwfwrf;wif*kPfjyKtyfygonf??<br />

We also extend thanks to the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> the<br />

Open Society Institute for the financial support which made the printing of this document<br />

possible.<br />

- 1 -<br />

aus;Zl;wifvTm<br />

EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzJGYcsKyf<br />

rwfv (13) &uf? 2007

FOR MY FATHER

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1948-49? 1963-69? 1988-90 umvrsm;twGif; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwcsKdYeJh wuf

6/ udkrsKd;xGef; (ac:) udkcGefqdkif; (aq;-1? 1971-76 rdIif;&mjynfU)<br />

7/ udkatmifxGef; (pufrIwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? 1988)<br />

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14/ OD;baumif; (wuo 'k-OuúX 1958-59)<br />

15/ OD;aomfaumif; (&efukefwuúodkvf? pmMunfUwdkufrSL;)<br />

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&Jabmftaygif;udk (udkatmifxGef;? udkÓmPf0if;? udkxGef;vSwdkh udk,fpm;) þpmtkyfjzifh av;pm;pGmOD;ñTwf<br />

*kPfjyKtyfygw,f/<br />

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1/ udkatmifxGef; (pmtkyfjyKpkol) axmifusqJ<br />

2/ udkÓmPf0if; axmifusqJ<br />

- 7 -<br />

cGefqdkif;<br />

atmufwdkbmv (29) &uf? 2006

3/ udkxGef;vS axmifusqJ<br />

4/ OD;rif;ol axmifwGif;üuG,fvGef<br />

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12/ OD;tkef;jrifU (a&SYae)<br />

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21/ rpkpk0if;<br />

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- 8 -

ordkif;a&;oGm;wJU ordkif;<br />

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olzmomvkyfaqmifr,fvdkh qHk;jzwfvdkufwJU vkyfief;wdkif;udk rjzpfrae&atmif taumiftxnfazmfwwfwJU<br />

- 9 -

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olu usaemfUxuf &ufydkif;apmNyD; om,m0wDaxmifu vGwfygw,f/ 1994 tukefydkif;jzpfr,f/<br />

usaemf rHk&Gmaxmifu jyefvGwfNyD; tdrfa&mufvdkh em&Dydkif;yJ&dSwkef; ola&mufvmw,f/ axmifuvGwfvdkh ol<br />

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wOD;csif;pDuae NyD;cJUwJU vIyf&Sm;rIeJh axmifwGif;jzwfoef;rI oHk;oyfcsuftpD&ifcHpm wapmifpD awmif;ygw,f/<br />

usaemf a&;ay;vdkufygw,f/ 'gawGjyefaygif;NyD; olYtaeeJh jyefoHk;oyfcsufwck xkwfcsifw,fvdkh qdkygw,f/<br />

- 10 -

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rzwfjzpfcJUygbl;/<br />

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jynfya&mufrS ola&;xm;wmawGudk taotcsm jyefzwfMunfUygw,f/ jyefzwfMunfUrS wefzdk;BuD;BuD;<br />

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jrefrmUwyfrawmf&JYordkif; tcef;u@udk ajymr,fqdk&ifawmif ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI&JYtqufvdkh wifpm;Muygw,f/<br />

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wifjyEkdifwm r&dScJUygbl;/ onfuGufvyfudk oljznfUoGm;ygw,f/ ausmif;om;ordkif;udk uGif;quf&dS&dS tcdkiftrm<br />

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jrJjrHpGm&yfwnf&if; ausmif;om;ordkif;udk pdkufxlaeqJ jzpfygw,f/<br />

- 11 -<br />

om;ñGehfOD;<br />

(12) Mo*kwf? 2005

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pufrIwuúodkvfrS ausmif;NyD;cJUonf/<br />

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1998 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvtwGif; ¤if;pmtkyf vQKdY0SufjzefhcsdrIaMumifU axmif'Pf<br />

(17) ESpf cscH&onf/ ,cktcg tif;pdefaxmiftwGif; ½Sdaeonf/<br />

udkatmifxGef;udk urÇmhw0Srf; EdkifiHa&;t& zdESdyfjcif;cHae&aom pma&;q&mrsm;<br />

tm; ay;tyfaom [,fref? [ef;rwf*&efhqk (Hellman/Hammett Grant) udk<br />

1999 ckESpfwGif csD;jr§ifUcJUonf/ urÇmhpma&;q&mrsm;toif; tifwmae&Sife,fyef<br />

tzJGY0ifrsm;jzpfaom aemfa0? uifbm&m? uae'g&Sd yefpifwmrsm;u udkatmifxGef;tm;<br />

¤if;wdkhtzJGYrsm;\ *kPfxl;aqmiftzJGY0ifwOD;tjzpf aMunm*kPfjyKcJUonf/<br />

- 12 -

1991 ck? azazmf0g&Dvqef;ydkif;avmufu jzpfr,fxifygonff/ tif;pdefaxmif (3) aqmifwGif?<br />

bk&m;av;bufjcrf;wGif aumf&pf'gwck&Sdygonf/ xdkaumf&pf'gwGif reufydkif;qdkvQif vrf;avQmufavU<br />

&Sdygonf/ xkdaumf&pf'gonf ay (440) &Sdí pum;ajym&if; vrf;avQmuf&onfrSm uRefawmfwdkhtzdkh<br />

vkyfaeMu tvkyfwckvdk jzpfaeayonf/ uRefawmfUudk oD;oefhaxmifrS (3) aqmifodkh ydkhvdkufNyD;aemuf<br />

rMumrDtaqmifudk tbOD;tkef;jrifU a&mufvmygonf/ oleJhuRefawmf aumf&pf'gwGif vrf;avQmuf&if;<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyfa&;&ef tMuHÓmPf &&SdcJUygonf/<br />

1994 ck? pufwifbmv (23) &uf om,m0wDaxmifrS vGwfvmNyD;aemuf xdkpmtkyfa&;&ef<br />

rSwfwrf;rSwf&mESifU ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;udk pwifpkaqmif;cJUygonf/ xdkhodkhpkaqmif;&mwGif<br />

vwfwavmtajctaet& tcuftcJrsm;awGY&Sd&ouJUodkh wcsKdYyk*¾dKvfrsm;xHrS &&SdcJUaomfvnf; wcsKdY<br />

yk*¾dKvfrsm;rSmrl tb,fodkhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;aMumifUrod? uRefawmfr&&SdcJUyg/ þodkhjzifU uRefawmf<br />

&&SdcJUaom rSwfwrf;rSwf&m ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;udkom pkpnf;ía&;om;cJU&m jynfUpHkvHkavmufrI<br />

&Sdrnfr[kwfay/ pmtkyfrSmrl arQmfrSef;xm;onfxuf ydkrdkxloGm;í yxrwGJ (1903-1942) xd xkwfa0<br />

vdkufygonf/ usefESpfrsm;udkvnf; twGJrsm;cGJí xkwfa0oGm;ygrnf/ (88) ESpf (1903-1991) ausmif;om;<br />

vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyftjzpf a&;om;&ef &nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJYqefhusifa&;? vGwfvyfa&;<br />

BudK;yrf;rI? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? vlYtcGifUta&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif ausmif;om;wdkh\ BuD;us,fjrifUjrwfvSaom<br />

trsKd;om;a&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;udk a&;om;xm;ygonf/<br />

xdkpmtkyfjzifU 'Drdkua&pDESifU vlYtcGifUta&;wdkufyGJ tqifUqifUwGif usqHk;oGm;olrsm;tm;vnf;<br />

aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;twGif;ü (3) ESpft&G,f cav;i,fav;rStp touf (100)<br />

ausmf tzdk;tzGm;rsm;tqHk; ¤if;wkdhyg0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudkvnf;aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;tm;<br />

vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfeJhtwlaxmiftwGif;ü opöm&SdpGmaexdkifcJUNyD; axmifwGif;wkdufyGJrsm;tm; opöm&Sd<br />

pGmyg0ifcJholrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? 1988 rS 1990 txd uRefawmfyg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJhaom &efukefpufrI<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? ausmufwHwm;NrdKYe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;<br />

vli,frsm;tiftm;pk (&efukefwdkif;)? ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (atmufArmjynf)?<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH)? trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;wyfaygif;pk<br />

(NDRF) wdkhtm; *kPfjyKOD;ñTwfvdkufygonf/<br />

uRefawmftm; i,fpOfuyif avUvm&ef EdkifiHa&;pmayESifU rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; ay;tyfcJUaom<br />

bBuD;t&if; ocifa

NAdwdoQe,fcsJYqefusifUa&;<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&;<br />

zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;<br />

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&;<br />

vlYtcGifUta&;BudK;yrf;rIESifU<br />

(88) ESpf<br />

(1903 - 1991)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;

pmtkyfxkwfa0&jcif; trSm<br />

EdkifiHwpfck\ordkif;onf ,if;EdkifiHwGif;&Sd ordkif;acwfumvudk rodrrSDvdkufonfh vli,frsKd;qufrsm;<br />

twGuf ta&;BuD;ygonf/ vli,frsKd;qufrsm;taejzifU rdrdEdkifiH\ordkif;udk tjzpftrSeftwdkif; od&SdEdkif&ef<br />

vdktyfygonf/ od&Sd½kHwifru rdrdEdkifiH\ ordkif;jzpf&yfrsm;twGif;rS tm;aumif;csufrsm;udk vufqifhurf;<br />

qufcHEdkif&efESifh tm;enf;csufrsm;udk oifcef;pmxkwf,lwwf&ef ydkíta&;BuD;ygonf/ odkhrSom rdrdEdkifiHtwGuf<br />

rdrdykckH;ay:&Sd vuf&SdypöKyÜefumv wm0efrsm;twGufa&m tem*wfwm0efrsm;twGufyg wm0efausyGefEdkifrnf<br />

jzpfygonf/<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHtaejzifU acwfumvtqufquf ordkif;jzpf&yfrSefrsm; pkpnf;azmfxkwfEdkifrI tm;enf;<br />

cJUygonf/ txl;ojzifU Adkvfae0if;ppftmPm&SiftkyfpkrS 1962ckESpf ppftmPmodrf;NyD;aemufydkif; ordkif;tarSmif<br />

acwfudk usa&mufcJU&ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif ta&;ygonfU tcef;u@wGifyg0ifcJUonfU ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf"mwfESifU ausmif;om;pdwf"mwfudktajccHonfU ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vIyf&Sm;rI? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;<br />

udk taMumufBuD;aMumuf&GHY cJUaom ppftmPm&SiftkyfpkrS ppftmPmodrf;NyD;NyD;csif; ausmif;y&0PftwGif;<br />

aoG;pGef;apcJUonfU (7) &uf Zlvdkifausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIESifh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODtm; &ufpuf½kdif;jypGm<br />

rdkif;jzifUNzdKcGJcJUjcif;jzifU jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI ordkif;udk tpazsmufvufpwkH;ypf&ef BudK;pm;cJUMuygonf/<br />

rnfonfU tkyfcsKyfolrqdk ordkif;trSefudk azsmufzsufvdrfnmí r&Edkifyg/ jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;<br />

vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;udkvnf; ppftmPm&SiftqufqufrS rnfodkhyifvdrfnmazsmufzsufapcsifumrl azsmufzsufypfí<br />

&rnfr[kwfyg/ rsKd;qufqdkonfum azsmufzsufypfvdkhr&ovdk jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;rsKd;qufa[mif;rsm;rS<br />

ausmif;om;rsKd;qufopftoD;oD;odkh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> pdwf"mwfESifh ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI ordkif;tqufqufudk<br />

tpOftquf vufqifhurf;tarGay;cJhonfom jzpfygonf/ xdkhtwGufvnf; &ufpufMurf;MuKyfvSonfU<br />

ppftmPm&SifpepfatmufwGif ppftmPm&Sifqefhusifa&; ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; qufwdkufqdkovdk ay:aygufcJU<br />

&onfom jzpfygonf/<br />

,ck jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ordkif;udk a&;om;jyKpkcJhonfU udkatmifxGef;onf 1988<br />

ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIumvESifh &Spfav;vkH;ta&;awmfykHBuD;twGif; &efukefpufrIwuúodkvfausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfygonf/ 1990 ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;twGif; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>acgif;aqmifwOD;<br />

tjzpf ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; tusOf;uscHcJh&ygonf/ ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; olMuHKqkHcJh&onfh e,fcsJY<br />

qefhusifa&;umvrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsKd;qufrsm; rSonf acwftqufquf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif<br />

rsKd;qufrsm;xHrS od&SdcJh&onfU ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rItawGYtMuHK? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;rsm;rS jrefrmEdkifiH<br />

orkdif;twGuf vdktyfaeonfU uGufvyfjzpfaeonfh jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;tm; jyKpk&ef<br />

pdwful;ay:aygufcJUygonf/ ppftusOf;axmiftwGif;rS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmonfU tcsdefrSpwifí ,ck<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyftm; tywfwukwfBudK;pm;tm;xkwf a&;om;jyKpkcJUygonf/ pmtkyfa&;<br />

om;jyKpkNyD;cJUaomfvnf; ppftmPm&Sifpepfatmufü us,fjyefhpGm xkwfa0&efrjzpfEdkifcJhyg/ rdwÅLyGm;onfU<br />

tqifUrQom wwfEdkifcJUygonf/ ,if;pmtkyf jyKpka&;om;cJUonfUudpöjzpfyif udkatmifxGef;tygt0if pmtkyfjzpf<br />

ajrmufa&;twGuf ulnDyHUydk;ay;cJUonfh rsKd;quftoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ppftmPm&Sif<br />

rsm;rS tnd§K;taw;BuD;pGmjzifU zrf;qD;tusOf;cscJUygonf/ wcsKdYausmif;om;acgif;aqmif rsKd;qufrsm;um ppf<br />

tusOf;axmiftwGif; usqkH;uG,fvGefoGm;cJUygNyD/ wcsKdYum tusOf;axmifrS vGwfajrmufNyD;rMumrD usqkH;uG,f<br />

vGef oGm;&&Smonf/ wcsKdYum jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmcJUNyD jzpfonf/ udkatmifxGef;rSmum ,aehwdkif<br />

ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonf/<br />

- 15 -

udkatmifxGef;a&;om;jyKpkcJhonfU jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&SmrIordkif;pmtkyfonf 1903 ckESpfrSpwif<br />

í 1991 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\vIyf&Sm;rI? ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrSwfwrf;rsm;?<br />

,if;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif udk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifcJUolrsm;\ rSwfwrf;rsm;udktajccHí jyKpka&;om;cJUjcif; jzpfyg<br />

onf/ ,ckrdrdwdkh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf-EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDrS xkwfa0onfU<br />

udkatmifxGef;\ jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;pmtkyfwGifrl rdrdwdkhvufcH&&Sdxm;onfU 1903 ckESpfrS<br />

1962 ckESpfxd pmrlrdwÅLudkom azmfjyxkwfa0Edkifygonf/ rdrdwdkhvufcH&&SdonfU pmrlrdwÅLrsm;rSmvnf; tqifUqifU<br />

rdwÅLyGm;,lxm;&jcif;jzpfonfUtavsmuf pmvkH;? pmaMumif;? pmydk'frsm; rxif&Sm;jcif;? jywfawmufjcif;rsm;<br />

&SdaeygojzifU tm;enf;csufrsm; &SdaeEdkifygonf/ rdrdwdkhtaejzifUvnf; udkatmifxGef;\ ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

ordkif;pmtkyftm; taumif;rGef tjynfUpkHqkH;jzpfatmif BudK;pm;jyifqifcJU&onfUtwGuf xGuf&SdoifUonfUumvxuf<br />

aemufusrS xkwfa0EdkifcJU&jcif;udkvnf; cGifUvTwfem;vnfay;yg&ef awmif;yeftyfygonf/<br />

rdrdwdkh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf-EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDtaejzifU udkatmifxGef;<br />

\,ckpmtkyftm; xkwfa0EdkifcJUjcif;twGuf vuf&SdrsKd;qufausmif;om;vli,frsm;twGif; jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;<br />

vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; uGif;quftm; vufqifUurf;ay;Edkif&ef? jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;tm; avUvmaeol<br />

rsm;twGuf qufpyfay;Edkif&efESifU aemiftem*wf jrefrmEkdifiHordkif;jzpf&yfrSefrsm; jyefvnfa&;om;jyKpkonfU<br />

tcg taxmuftuljyKEdkif&eftwGuf tusKd;jzpfxGef;vdrfUrnf[k ,kHMunfygonf/<br />

,ckpmtkyftm; a&;om;jyKpkcJUol? ,ckpmtkyfa&;om;jyKpkcJUonfU udpö&yfaMumifU ,aehxufwdkif<br />

ppftusOf;axmiftwGif; tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonfh (88) rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkatmifxGef;tm;<br />

vnf;aumif;? e,fcsJYqefhusifa&;umvrSonf ,aehppftmPmqefhusifa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;wdkufyGJumvtxdwdkif<br />

wkdufyGJtqufqufü usqkH;cJU&aom? udk,fusKd;pGefhtepfemcHcJUMuaom ausmif;om;rsKd;quftoD;oD;tm;<br />

rdrdwdkh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf - EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwDrS av;pm;pGm OD;ñTwf*kPfjyK<br />

tyfygonf/<br />

- 16 -<br />

EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD<br />

ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

rwfv (9) &uf? 2007 ckESpf

mwdum<br />

yxrwGJ (1903 - 1942)<br />

- aus;Zl;wifvTm (1)<br />

- udkatmifapmOD;\ trSm (5)<br />

- nDawmfaemifawmf <strong>or*¾</strong>ausmif;om;&Jabmftaygif;odkh OD;ñTwfjcif; (7)<br />

- ordkif;a&;oGm;wJU ordkif; (9)<br />

- udkatmifxGef; (pma&;oludk,fa&;tusOf;) (12)<br />

- pma&;ol\ trSm - yxrwJG (13)<br />

- pmtkyfxkwfa0&jcif; trSm (15)<br />

- rmwdum - yxrwGJ (1903-1942) (17-21)<br />

- pma&;ol\ trSm - 'kwd,wJG (23)<br />

- rmwdum - 'kwd,wGJ (1945-1962) (25-32)<br />

tcef; (1) udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1903 rS 1906) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1903-ckESpf &Sdcdk;jyóemESifh ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 0dkiftrfbDat (Y.M.B.A) tpausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

tcef; (2) udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1918 rS 1921) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf<br />

(u) aumvdyfoydwfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf jzpfay:vm&jcif;taMumif;t&if; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) oydwftwGufjyifqifMujcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) oydwfarSmufpOfjrifuGif;ESifh ausmif;om;wdkY\ckdifrmaompdwf"gwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) pdefayg[kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifvmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) rEÅav;NrKdUoydwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) oydwft&Sdefwufvmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) awmif;qkdcsufay;ydkYjcif;ESifh ausmif;rwuf&efqHk;jzwfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) trsKd;om;ausmif;? trsKd;om;aumvdyfwnfaxmifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf trsKd;om;a&;atmifjrifrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;rsm;odkY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;rdefYMum;csuf . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- trsKd;om;ynma&; aumifpDOuú| OD;armifBuD; (trfat) rdefYMum;csuf . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) trsKd;om;aeYowfrSwfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (9? 16? 22-34)<br />

tcef; (3) udkvdkeDacwfv,fydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1922 rS 1930) ausmif;om;vli,frsm; vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1922-23 wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) vli,frsm;BuD;yGm;a&;toif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,ftzGJUcsKyfESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) EdkifiHjcm;jzpfpD;u&ufraomufa&;vIHYaqmfrIESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) EdkifiHjcm;jzpft0wftxnfqefYusifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- 17 -<br />

1<br />

2<br />

4<br />

4<br />

5<br />

8<br />

11<br />

13<br />

14<br />

14<br />

15<br />

16<br />

17<br />

19<br />

20<br />

20<br />

35<br />

35<br />

36<br />

36<br />

36

(p) e,fcsJUtpdk;&qefYusifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;tp ausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) cGyfa'gif;tp &Jwyfu? wyfrawmftp ausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 1925 ckESpf rEÅav;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;\ trsKd;om;a&;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (38)<br />

tcef; (4) udkvdkeDacwfv,fydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&; BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1930 rS 1931) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1930 ckESpfESifh ¤if;ESpfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

(c) wuo zGJUpnf;jzpf&eftajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

(*) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODjzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

(C) wuo pwifjzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />

(i) pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;tzGJU\ oabmxm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

(p) 1931 ck wu<strong>or*¾</strong>Zif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

(q) 1931 ck aemufydkif; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

(Z) udkApdefESifh wuúodkvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />

(ps) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vIyf&Sm;rIESifh wdkYArmoDcsif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />

(n) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>yxrqHk;Ouú| udkxGef;pdef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />

(#) udkxGef;pdefESifh trsKd;om;pdwf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46<br />

(X) udkxGef;pdefESifh wuoa½G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />

(!) 1931-32 wuoyxrOD;qHk;trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />

À wuojzpfajrmufa&; Ouú| OD;ausmfcif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />

À yxrqHk; wuoOuú| OD;xGef;pdef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (42)<br />

tcef; (5) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1932 rS 1935) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1932-33 wuúodkvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />

(c) udkApdefESifh wuúodkvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />

- 1932-33 wuotrIaqmiftzJGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />

(*) 1933-34 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />

(C) 1934-35 wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh udkausmfNidrf;? udkEk? udkodef;az . . . . . . . . . . 55<br />

(i) 1934-35 wuotrIaqmiftzJGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55<br />

(p) 1935 ausmif;om; (11)a,muf ausmif;xkwfcH&onfhudpö . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56<br />

À 1931-32 Ouú| OD;bdk;ul; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57<br />

À 1932-33 Ouú| OD;pHazmfatmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br />

À 1933-34 Ouú| OD;odrf;armif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br />

À 1934-35 Ouú| OD;zdk;at; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59<br />

tcef; (6) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1935 rS 1936) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) udkodef;az? q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60<br />

(c) 1935-36 wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60<br />

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(*) udkEk? udkatmifqef;? udkausmfNidrf;? ukdodef;az? udktkef;ESifh wuo (1935) . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) 1935-36 wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh xdkig;OD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) <strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) r*¾Zif; ESpfapmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) udkatmifqef;? udkndKjrESifh tdk;a0r*¾Zif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg udkatmifqef;\ t,f'Dwmhtmabmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 1936 tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;om;avmu oHk;oyfcsufaqmif;yg; . . . . . .<br />

(n) q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh a'gif;tkd;a0r*¾Zif;bGJU tvuFmr*Fvm av;csKd;BuD;<br />

(#) 1936 ‘'kwd,wuúodkvfausmif;om;oydwfjzpfyGm;apaom taMumif;&if;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(1) udkEka[majymrI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(2) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;ESifh i&JacG;BuD;aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(3) xdkav;a,mufaMumifh oydwfay:aygufyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(4) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyDaqmif;yg; *,ufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) oydwfpwifjzpfay:vmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- udkodef;az\ ewftdk;uGJpmwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) oydwfjrifuGif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) oydwft&Sdefwufvmjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(P) awmif;qdkcsuf (10) csuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(w) 1936 ref;Oypmaumvdyf? udkA[def;ESifh ppfudkif;0kdif;pOfu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(x) oydwfwm;xGufMujcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(') oydwfarSmufaphpyfjcif;ESifh oydwfvSefjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(") 1936 oydwf\tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(e) trsKd;om;wuúodkvfjzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(y) trsKd;om;wuúodkvfzGifhyGJ qmOD;oGifrdefYcGef;tESpfcsKyf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(z) 1936 yxrtBudrf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (Auo) nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(A) e*g;eD pmtkyftoif;tp ausmif;om;u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(b) AuotzGJU\ r[mAsL[mESifh enf;AsK[m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1935-36 Ouú| OD;Ek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (82? 87? 91-97)<br />

tcef; (7) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1937 rS 1938) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) &Srf;-ArmaoG;pnf;a&;tp wuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1936-37 AuoESifh wuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) twGif;pnf; (Inner Circle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; (Auo? wuo) ESifh ‘wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;qufoG,frI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) ‘'kwd,tBudrf Auo nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i-1) udkA[def;rS udkpdefcdkodkYay;ydkYaompm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i-2) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdodkYay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i-3) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdxHay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i-4) ukdjrpdefokdY ukdatmifqef;rS ay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i-5) ukdjrpdefokdY ukdatmifqef;ay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i-6) ukdjrpdefokdY ukdatmifqef;rS ay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

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(i-7) Auo nDvmcH usif;yjcif; jrifuGif; (arv (9)? (10) &uf 1937) . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- udkA[def;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) ‘'kwd,tBudrf Auo nDvmcH qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) 1937-38 wuoESifh AuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) 'kwd,tBudrf ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> uGefz&ifhrS wwd,uGefz&ifhrwdkifrD tpD&ifcHpm<br />

(Z-1) jrbl;aumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-2) rSwfwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-3) 1937-38 Auo\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) wwd,tBudrf AuouGefz&ifhusif;y&ef jyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) Auo wwd,uGefz&ifhodkY zdwfMum;olrsm;pm&if; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) wwd,tBudrf AuonDvmcHusif;yjcif; jrifuGif; ({NyD 24-25 1938) . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) 1938-39 AuoESifh wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) ykodrfuGefz&ifhrS aEG&moDpcef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!-1) ZD;csKdifhc&D; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) wwd,tBudrf ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif Ouú| udkatmifqef; ajymMum;aom tzGifhrdefYcGef; . . . . . .<br />

(P) rsKd;ñGefYr*¾Zif;aqmif;yg;tcsKdU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(P-1) "r®ESifht"r® (a&;ol-okyPÖu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(P-2) aoG;pnf;Muavmh (a&;ol- &J&Jawmufoef;wif- NrKdUrausmif; &efukef) . . . . . . .<br />

(P-3) qif;&Jom;ypönf;rJhrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; (a&;ol- armifA[def;) . . . . . . . .<br />

(w) Auo? wuo OuúX udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;ydwf&ufvkyfief;wm0ef vufrSwfygrl . . .<br />

(x) cGyfa'gif;tvHteDatmufcH? a½T0ga&mifcGyfa'gif;oHk;pGJyHk (1938? twGJtrSwf 1) tkd;a0 . . . .<br />

(') 1938 &efukefwuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf (rlMurf;) udpö . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(") wuúodkvfOya'Murf;udk tb,faMumifh pGefYy,fvdkuf&oenf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

("-1) pufwifbm (5) &ufaeY owif;pmrsm;wGif Ouú| ukdatmifqef;\ rsKd;cspftrwfwkdYtm;<br />

wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfcsuf<br />

("-2) AuoESifh wuo trIaqmifwkdY\ jyefwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

("-3) 1938 ck? pufwifbmv? (6) &ufaeY wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>"r®m½kHwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tpnf;ta0;wGif Ouú| udkatmifqef;ajymaom rdefYcGef;<br />

("-4) Auo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ukdA[def;\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1936-37 Ouú| OD;&m&Spf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1937-38 Ouú| OD;b*srf; (yk*H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1938-39 Ouú| AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (100? 129)<br />

tcef; (8) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1938 rS 1939) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) &efukefwuúokdvf ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf; . . . . . . . . . . . 154<br />

(c) 1939-40 AuoESifh wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170<br />

(*) yxrtBudrfausmif;om;vTwfawmftwGuf jyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170<br />

(C) yxrtBudrfausmif;om;vTwfawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171<br />

- udkA[def;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172<br />

(i) 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176<br />

(p) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwftwGuf jyifqifMujcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179<br />

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(q) yxre,fcsJUtmPmzDqefrI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwfBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwf*,uf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) udkatmifausmfpmay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) udkatmifausmfpsmye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- AdkvfatmifausmfewfoH (rif;ok0Pf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) 'kdYausmif;om;oDcsif; ESpfyk'f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; ta&;awmfyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; psmyetcrf;tem; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- armfuGef;0ifoDcsif;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- rEÅav;acgif;aqmif udkarmifudkrdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- AuoOuú|rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(P) tmZmenfrsm;aeY t"d|mefjyKpmwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1938-39 Ouú| OD;A[def; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1939-40 Ouú| a'gufwmvSa½T (tmPm&Sif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (178? 184? 186? 193? 199? 200? 212-221)<br />

À twGif;0ef½Hk;ü jzpfyGg;cJhaom t"du½kPf;ESihf ywfoufí pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm (0-41)<br />

tcef; (9) udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1939 rS 1940) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1300 jynfh taxGaxGoydwfaemufydkif;umv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264<br />

(c) udkatmifausmfusqHk;NyD;aemuf ausmif;om;oydwf t&Sdefjrifhwufjcif;ESifh taxGaxGoydwf . . . 265<br />

(*) 'kwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266<br />

(C) ausmif;om;rsm;tpmiwfcHqE´jyjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266<br />

(i) qifhqdkjcif;ESpf&yf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267<br />

(p) a'gufwmbarmfjyKwfusjcif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;aphpyfjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268<br />

(q) ausmif;om;rsm; ESpftkyfpkuGJjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270<br />

(Z) wwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271<br />

(ps) 'kwd,urÇmppfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272<br />

(n) oHrPdwyfrsm;zGJUpnf;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273<br />

(#) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273<br />

(X) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278<br />

(!) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283<br />

(¡) oHrPdtzGJUBuD; trdefYtrSwf (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290<br />

(P) ajratmufvIyf&Sm;rIESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291<br />

(w) 'kwd,tBudrfausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifhaMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292<br />

(x) udkA[def;ESifh ta&;awmfyHkpmapmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292<br />

(') AuoESpf0uftpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293<br />

(") wuúodkvftufOya' tqifhqifhjyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296<br />

À 1940-41 Ouú| OD;AaqG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299<br />

À 1941-42 Ouú| OD;vSarmif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (268? 293)<br />

- 21 -<br />

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33 YEARS<br />

MY BIRTHDAY<br />

REMEMBERING<br />

ordkif;onf<br />

vufawGY tawGYtMuHK<br />

jzpfonf/

uRefawmf 'kwd,wGJ (1945-62) ckESpftxd a&;om;&mwGif vrf;aMumif;wckay:wGifom<br />

a&G;cs,fa&;om;cJUygonf/ xdkacwfu&SdcJUaom tpdk;&rsm; (zqyv) (tdrfapmifUtpdk;&) (yxptpdk;&) wdkhESifU<br />

twdkuftcHtzJGYtpnf;rsm; (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD) (tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD) (yrnw) ponfwdkhESifh ausmif;om;<br />

rsm; qufpyfrSlrsm;udk ra&;om;rdap&ef txl;owdxm;cJUonf/ zqyvtpdk;& rSm;onf? rSefonf/ tdrfapmifhtpdk;&<br />

rSm;onf? rSefonf/ yxptpdk;& rSm;onf? rSefonf/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD rSm;onf? rSefonf/ qdk&S,fvpfygwD<br />

rSm;onf? rSefonf ponfwdkhudka&;om;xm;onf r[kwfyg/ qdk&S,fvpf0g'? uGefjrLepf0g'? t&if;&Sif0g'<br />

aumif;onf? qdk;onfwdkhudkvnf; a0zefa&;om;xm;onf r[kwfyg/<br />

xdktcsdefumvu jzpfay:aeaom ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ qE´ESifUwxyfwnf;? teD;pyfqHk;jzpfonfU<br />

ausmif;om;vSKyf&Sm;rIudkom &SmazGBudK;yrf;a&;om; xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm rnfonfUacwf<br />

tcsdefwGif&Sd&Sd? rnfonfUacwf tcsdefwGifMunfUMunfU ½dk;om;pGm trSeftwdkif; jrifrIrsm;udkom azmfxkwfzGifU[<br />

vIyf&Sm;rI jyKvkyfMuygonf/ xdktcsdefu tpdk;&ESifU oabmxm;wdkufqdkifonfvnf; &Sdrnf? rwdkufqdkifonfvnf;<br />

&Sdrnf/ ausmif;om;wdkh\tcGifUta&;udk umuG,f&mü ¤if;tpdk;&ESifU oabmxm;rwdkufqdkif&mwGif ¤if;ausmif;om;<br />

vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ jynfolvlxk\toHrsm; om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yJUwif½dkufcwf<br />

vmaomtcg ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; ydkrdkjyif;xefvmrnfom jzpfonf/ xdkhaMumifU uRefawmfonf xdkvrf;aMumif;<br />

rsKd;udkom a&G;cs,fa&;om;xm;ygonf/<br />

xkdpmtkyfjzifU 'Drdkua&pDESifUvltcGifha&; wdkufyGJtqifUqifUwGif usqHk;oGm;olrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?<br />

yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJUolrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;twGif;ü (3) ESpft&G,f cav;i,frStp<br />

touf (100) ausmf tzdk;tzGm;rsm;tqHk; ¤if;wdkhyg0ifvIyf&Sm;rIudkvnf;aumif;? &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;<br />

tm;vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfeJhtwl axmiftwGif;ü opöm&SdpGmaexdkifcJUNyD; axmifwGif;wdkufyGJrsm;tm; opöm&SdpGm<br />

yg0ifcJUolrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? 1988 rS 1990 txd uRefawmfyg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJUaom &efukefpufrIwuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? ausmufwHwm;NrdKYe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;vli,frsm;tiftm;pk<br />

(&efukefwdkif;)? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (atmufArmjynf)? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH)? trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;wyfaygif;pk (NDRF) wdkhtm; *kPfjyKOD;ñTwf<br />

vdkufygonf/<br />

uRefawmftm; i,fpOfuyifavUvm&ef EdkifiHa&;pmayESifU rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; ay;cJUaom bBuD;t&if;<br />

ocifa

DEDICATION TO<br />

MY FATHER<br />

AND MOTHER WHO HAVE<br />

HELPED ME BECAUSE<br />

EVERYTHING I CAN BE,<br />

I CAN DO. THANKS.

mwdum<br />

'kwd,wGJ (1945 - 1962)<br />

tcef; (10) vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1945 rS 1947) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1945 Mo*kwfvrS atmufwkdbmv ta&;ay:wuúokdvf oifwef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- ,m,D wuotrIaqmifaumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(u-1) 1945-46 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1946-47 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-1) wuo 1946-47 \ vkyfaqmifrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-2) wuo pnf;rsOf;jyifqifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-3) 1946-47ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) AuoESifh wuo yl;aygif;xm;aom ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&moydwfaumifpD (1947) . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) ta&G;cH&aom Auo trIaqmiftzGJU ( 1946-47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C-1) Auo nDvmcH (1946-47) rS awmif;qdkcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) oxkHrD;yGm; eH&Huyfpmapmif (1946-47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) oxkHrD;yGm; qkwfjzJcH&jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) oHrPdwyfESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD; (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) twGif;0ef½kH;0kdif;pOfu (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) AuoESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD; nDvmcH (1947) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) trsKd;orD;XmetwGuf ñTefMum;vTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1945-46 Ouú| OD;oef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1946-47 Ouú| OD;oef;armif (ol&d,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (313)<br />

tcef; (11) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif (1948 rS 1949)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1947-48 AuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1947-48 ynmoifESpf a[majymyGJrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) 1948-49 Auo tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) 1947-48 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C-1) 1947-48 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C-2) 1947-48 tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- acwfqef; (ndK0if;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- &JabmfcsD;usL;ygonf (0if;OD;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- urÇmhausmif;om;tzJGUtpnf;rsm; (armifarmifausmf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- cGyfa'gif; (rif;ndKOD;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) 1948-49 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) 1948-49 &uo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) &efukeftpkd;&acwf wuúokdvftajcaeESifh vlrsKd;a&;jyóem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) 1948 taqmiftajctae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 1948 ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1947-48 Ouú| OD;pdefvS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- 25 -<br />

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À 1948-49 Ouú| OD;&efa0; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

tcef; (12) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1949 rS 1950)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) &efukefc½kdifausmif;om;rsm; pnf;½kH;a&; jyóem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) &uo pnf;½kH;a&;aumfrwD (1949) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) axmiftwGif;rS 0ufom;ykyfta&;tcif;ESifh tjyifrSausmif;om;rsm;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) 1949 ckESpf &uoukd w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;jcif;ESihf trsKd;om;aeYusif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) 1949-50 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) ausmif;om;aeYusif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) Aef;armfausmif;om; ajcmufOD;udpö . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) urÇmhjidrf;csrf;a&; qE´jyvufrSwfaumufcHjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) wuúokdvfnaeoifwef; zGifhvSpfcJhjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) 1949 ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) 1949 tkd;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- cGyfa'gif; (a0vif;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- <strong>or*¾</strong> (udkudkav;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) 1945 rS 1949 xd Auo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1949-50 Ouú| a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

tcef; (13) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh trsKdom;a&;toGif (1950 rS 1951) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) pifjydKif &uorsm; zGJUpnf;&ef MudK;yrf;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) &uo jyefvnfzGJUpnf;jcif; (1950-51) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-1) 1950 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-2) 1950-51 wuo trIaqmiftzJGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwf½kdufESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) wuotrIaqmifwpfzGJUvkH; jyKwfusjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) wuo a½G;aumufyGJ topfjyKvkyfjcif; (1950) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) Auo jyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&; pnf;½kH;a&;aumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) ukdk&D;,m;ppfyGJESifh wuúokdvfausmif;om;tiftm;pktay: *,uf½kdufrI wkd;wuftiftm;pkay:vmjcif;<br />

- Stop! Ye Koreans, Yet There Is Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;? oefY&Sif;trIaqmifrsm;ESifh wkd;wuftiftm;pk . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 1950-51 wuo tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1950-51 Ouú| OD;udkudkav; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

tcef; (14) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsdK;om;a&;toGif (1951 rS 1952) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf ay:aygufvmjcif; (1951-52) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347<br />

(c) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh AuotzJGUtrIaqmifrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348<br />

(c-1) wdk;wufwdkY\ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (A.B.F.S.U) trIaqmifrsm;rSm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348<br />

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(c-2) 1951-52 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-3) oefY½Sif; AuotrIaqmiftzGJUrsm; (A.B.S.U) 1951-52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf vkyfaqmifcsufrSm;,Gif;rIrsm; ( 1951-52 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) 1952 tkd;a0r*¾Zif;yg q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;\ uAsm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) 1951-52 wuo tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH ( 1952-53 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU (aysmuf)<br />

(ps) wuowGif wkd;wufwkdY ta½G;cH&jcif; ( 1952-53 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) 1952-53 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) 1952 tkd;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk (ukdb[def;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- urÇmYausmif;om;tzJGUcsKyf (udkvS0if;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- ppfudkrkef;onf (rif;vSñGefYMuL;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1951-52 Ouú| OD;pdefbef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (349? 351? 357)<br />

tcef; (15) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1952 rS 1953)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 'Dtufpftkd arG;zGm;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1952-53 ynmoifESpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) 1952 ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;wkdufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) 1952 Zlvkdifv ausmif;aqmifvufcHa&;wkdufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) 1953-54 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) a½G;aumufyGJaeYjrifuGif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) ref;wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tajctaeESihf zqyv qkd&S,fvpfwkdY\ tMuH,kwf . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) yJhwif½kdufcwfoHrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(1) o[m,ESifU pmzwftoif;aygif;pHk\ arwåm&yfcHcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(2) ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD xkwfjyefaMunmcsuftrSwf (1) . . . . . .<br />

(3) w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf n§dEIdif;MupdkY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(4) &efukefwuúodkvf wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 1953 atmufwkdbmta&;tcif; jzpfay:ykH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) 1953 atmufwkdbmta&;awmfyHk jzpfyGm;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) ausmif;xJodkY0ifpD;jcif;ESihf t&Sdefjr§ifhwufjcif; vlzrf;yGJrsm;usif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#-1) atmufwkdbmv (2) &ufaeY &efukefwuúokdvfe,fajrü xkwfjyefcJhaomyk'fr ( 144 ) . . .<br />

(#-2) tif;0wHcg;rS aoG;pufrsm;odkY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) Ekd0ifbmausmif;zGifhcsdef ausmif;xkwfyGJESifh wkdufyGJt&SdefjrifhykH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;wdkufyJG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) atmufwkdbmom;orD;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(P) trskKd;om;aeY usif;yjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(w) w&m;½kH;wGif &ifqkdifa&;udpö . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(x) 1952-53 wuo ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- 27 -<br />

348<br />

348<br />

349<br />

350<br />

350<br />

352<br />

357<br />

358<br />

358<br />

358<br />

359<br />

359<br />

363<br />

366<br />

370<br />

371<br />

371<br />

372<br />

373<br />

373<br />

374<br />

376<br />

377<br />

378<br />

379<br />

380<br />

381<br />

382<br />

387<br />

396<br />

397<br />

398<br />

403<br />

407<br />

409<br />

410<br />

410<br />

410

À 1952-53 Ouú| OD;udkudkBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ -<br />

(392? 393? 394? 396? 399? 400? 401? 402? 403? 405-406? 408? 416? 419-425)<br />

tcef; (16) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1954 rS 1955) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426<br />

(c) 1954-55 Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427<br />

(*) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHwGif wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpmrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428<br />

(C) ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aumfrwDrS &efukefwuúokdvfaumifpDokdY 433<br />

ay;ykdYaompm<br />

(i) &efukefwuúokdvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435<br />

À "gwfyHku@ - wwd,tBudrf Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD; - (439-442)<br />

À "gwfyHku@ - ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;wGif yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJholrsm; - (443-446)<br />

tcef; (17) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1954 rS 1955)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1954-55 wuoa½G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1954-55 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) wuo aiG&wkobif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) pwkw¬tMudrf ausmif;q&mrsm;toif; (&efukef) ESpfywfvnfnDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>aeY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) oHk;cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfjyóem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;ppftiftm;pk (S.O.F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) [,f&Dwefta&;awmfykHESihf uefYuGufyGJrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-1) <strong>or*¾</strong> (3) ck yl;wGJaMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-2) Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf ñTefMum;vTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-3) EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfxHay;pm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-4) ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-5) ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z-6) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme trIwGJtrSwf (156-[p) (56)<br />

aumufEkwfcsuf<br />

(Z-7) t"d|mefpmwrf; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) wuo\ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; awmif;qkdcsufrsm;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) 34 Mudrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aeYtwGuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\tqkdrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) 35 Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYtqkdrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pwkw¬tMudrfnDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ukdaZmf0if; (Auorsm;tzGGJUcsKyf) wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1954-55 Ouú| OD;wifxGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- 28 -<br />

419<br />

447<br />

447<br />

448<br />

448<br />

448<br />

448<br />

453<br />

454<br />

455<br />

455<br />

456<br />

457<br />

457<br />

459<br />

460<br />

461<br />

467<br />

468<br />

471<br />

471<br />

474<br />

481

tcef; (18) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1955 rS 1956)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) ausmif;jyefvnf0ifcGifh&a&;vIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) 1955-56 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) wuo OuúXopf udkwifxGef; usrf;opömusdefqkdyGJ (1955-56) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) urÇmYausmif;om;aeY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) 1955-56 ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) ukdvS0if;ESifh ukdbaumif;aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) yxrtMudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 'kwd,tMudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; yefMum;vTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- wuúodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) ukdwifat;udpö uefYuGufvTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) 1955-56 wuo tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1954-55 Ouú| OD;wifxGef; (ewfarmuf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (505)<br />

tcef; (19) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&;? ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsdK;om;a&;toGif (1956 rS 1957)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) wwd,tMudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) 1956-57 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) rjyD;jywfao;aom oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfwkdufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; zsufodrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufaom ynma&;0efMuD;Xme\ trdefYjyefwrf; . . .<br />

(i) 1956 ck? atmufwkdbm 16 &uf? n 8 em&D ocifwif\ rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) ausmif;omrsm;0efcH*wdvTmyHkpH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ausmif;om;b0a&;cJhaomaqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) 1956-57 tkd;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsmrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;ü awGU&Sd&aom jyóemrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(n) &JacgifudkarG;zGm;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) 1956-57 wuo 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(X) wuu Ouú|opf podef;[ef usrf;opömusdefqdkyJGtcrf;tem;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) wuo aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) 1956-57 wuotpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1956-57 Ouú| OD;podef;[ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (507? 530-531)<br />

tcef; (20) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1957 rS 1958) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1957-58 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532<br />

(c) wuo trIaqmiftzGJU (1957-58) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533<br />

- 29 -<br />

482<br />

482<br />

482<br />

483<br />

484<br />

485<br />

486<br />

489<br />

490<br />

490<br />

491<br />

496<br />

497<br />

504<br />

506<br />

506<br />

507<br />

507<br />

508<br />

510<br />

510<br />

512<br />

514<br />

516<br />

516<br />

519<br />

521<br />

524<br />

531

(*) wuo ukdpkd;odef; usrf;opömudsefqkdyGJtcrf;tem; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) 1957-58 wuo vIyf½Sm;rIESifh pwkw¬tBudrf wuúokdvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJMuD; . . .<br />

(i) rEÅav;wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf yÍörtBudrfajrmuf jynfvHk;uRwfnDvmcHBuD;rS<br />

qHk;jzwftwnfjyK awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

(q) 1958 OD;EkESifh ausmif;om;qufqHa&; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) Ek-wif^aqGNidrf;tuJGtjyJESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(ps) 1958 ck? 'DZifbmv (2) &ufaeY bGJUESif;obifcef;rü rdefYMum;aom wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf<br />

0efMuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfae0if;\ rdefYcGef;tESpfcsKyf<br />

(n) 1957-58 tkd;a0r*¾Zif;yg aqmif;yg; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- wuúodkvfe,fajrrS ajcukwfpcef; (armifoD[) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(#) ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usif;yonfh 38 Mudrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyJGaeY csDwuf&efEId;aqmfpm . . .<br />

(X) oD;jcm;rEÅav;wuúokdvf txdrf;trSwfyGJawmf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(!) 1957-58 wuotpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(¡) pmMunfhwdkufvkyfief;XmetpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À 1957-58 Ouú| OD;pdk;odef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (532? 547? 564-568)<br />

tcef; (21) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1958 rS 1959) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . 569<br />

- 'k-0efBuD;csKyfocifwifo0PfvTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570<br />

- ynma&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfZH\rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571<br />

- ynmrif;BuD; pnfola'gufwmOD;b\rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573<br />

- A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuoOuú| udkpdk;odef;\rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574<br />

- ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif wifjycJhaompmwrf;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576<br />

- ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuo\wifjycsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577<br />

- ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ ay:aygufvmyHkESifhtajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcHpm 581<br />

- A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582<br />

- ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhpmwrf; (aumfr½Sif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585<br />

- jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf 588<br />

(c) EdkifiHjcm;c&D;pOfrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591<br />

(*) 1958-59 ck wuoa&G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592<br />

(C) yÍörtBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592<br />

(i) cGJxGufcGifhESifh ½Srf;ausmif;om;rsm;aMunmcsuf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594<br />

(p) wuúodkvftufOya'udkjyifqifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597<br />

À OD;cifarmiftkef; (1958-59) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (569? 582? 591? 599-601)<br />

tcef; (22) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(1959 rS 1960) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1959-60 wuoa½G;aumufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- 30 -<br />

533<br />

534<br />

542<br />

543<br />

546<br />

546<br />

548<br />

548<br />

548<br />

550<br />

551<br />

552<br />

562<br />

564<br />

602

(c) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;twGuf &efukefwuúodkvfrGefausmif;om;rsm; oabmxm; . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) jrefrm&mZ0ifta&; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYOD;pD;usif;yaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;tqdkrsm; . .<br />

(p) q|rtBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ o0PfvTm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- obmywd udkaZmf0if;rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1959-60 trIaqmiftzGJUtpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À OD;vSwif (1959-60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (630)<br />

À "gwfyHku@ - AdkvfcsKyfBuD;tpdk;&acwf wuo (17) vc&D; (631-641)<br />

tcef; (23) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1960 rS 1961)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1960-61 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (1960-61) Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) 1960-61 ck ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-1) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudpö . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-2) tar&duefoH½Hk;qE´jyyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-3) ygarmu©csKyftm; qefYusifrI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-4) ref;aq;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-5) [oFmwausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-6) ref;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-7) wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&; ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*-8) udkvdkeDpHepfqefYusifa&;aeYvIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) &efukefwuúodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (1960-61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- jyifqifa&;aumfrwD Ouú| apmatrdk;vdk rdefYcGef; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIwGifyg0ifcJhaom vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) 1960-61 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À OD;wifat; (1960-61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (666)<br />

tcef; (24) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1961 rS 1962)<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1961-62). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-1) jzpfay:vmyHk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-2) vIyf½Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-3) yxptpdk;&wkefYjyefrI? ausmif;om;wefjyefvIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-4) yHkpHajymif;vJjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c-5) uarmufurynma&; wdkufyGJumvwGifusif;yaom Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyfuGefz&ifh . . . . . .<br />

- 31 -<br />

603<br />

604<br />

605<br />

605<br />

606<br />

606<br />

606<br />

611<br />

629<br />

642<br />

642<br />

645<br />

645<br />

645<br />

645<br />

647<br />

647<br />

648<br />

648<br />

648<br />

648<br />

649<br />

651<br />

652<br />

666<br />

667<br />

667<br />

667<br />

668<br />

668<br />

670<br />

671

(c-6) ig;c½dkifqE´jyyGJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) wuúodkvftwGif;rS *,ufrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) rEÅav;vIyf&Sm;rI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) wyfOD;wdkY rlrrSefrIrsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À OD;AaqGav; (1961-62) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (671? 673)<br />

tcef; (25) Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ppftmPm&Sifqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1962) ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkBuD; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(c) jzpfay:vmyHk tajccHtaMumif;t&if;rsm; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(*) rjzpfyGm;rD ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfrIrsm; (arv 9 &uf xkwfjyefcsuf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(C) wuúodkvfaumifpDukd zsufodrf;jcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- zsufodrf;cH wuúodkvfaumifpDtzJGU 1961-62 ynmoifESpf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- wuúodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGUpnf;jcif; trdefYtrSwf (30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(i) Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkpwifjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(p) tMurf;zdESdyfrIpwifNyD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(q) aoqHk;ol? 'Pf&m&ol? aysmufqHk;ol? zrf;qD;cH&olrsm;pm&if; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

(Z) wuotaqmiftODBuD; NzdKcGJjcif; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

- a'gif;&moDjynfawmfvSefa&; (atmifxGef;) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|rsm; (1930-1962) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

À "gwfyHku@ (683? 685? 686? 689-690? 690? 696)<br />

aemufqufwJG - All Burma Student's Conference (1936) (1)<br />

aemufqufwJG (24) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tkyfcsKyfa&; - pnf;rsOf;Oya' (2-13)<br />

aemufqufwJG (26) INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS (14)<br />

aemufqufwJG (28) tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;½Sdaom AuotzGJUrsm;\ Ouú|pm&if; (1945-1958) (15)<br />

aemufqufwJG (30) Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya' (1960? atmufwdkbm) (16-27)<br />

aemufqufwJG (30) t"dywdrsm;? tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;? armfuGef;xdef;rsm; (1920-62) (27-28)<br />

aemufqufwGJ (31) ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> ('Dtufpftdk) (29-43)<br />

zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

À ordkif;0ifpm½Gufpmwrf;rsm; - ( 1 - 107 )<br />

À rSDjirf;pmtkyfrsm; - ( u - i )<br />

- 32 -<br />

672<br />

674<br />

674<br />

675<br />

676<br />

677<br />

677<br />

679<br />

680<br />

680<br />

681<br />

682<br />

684<br />

686<br />

688<br />

691<br />

697

yxrwGJ<br />

(1903 - 1942)

jzwfoef;rIrsm;ay:wGif<br />

pdwf&SnfpGmjzifU<br />

tbufbufu<br />

tm;ay;ulnDcJUaom<br />

]rr (EG,f)} tm;<br />

txl;aus;Zl;wifrIjzifU

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1903 rS 1906 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tcef; (1)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1903 rS 1906)<br />

usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIordkif;udk e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsdK;om;a&;wdkufyGJwcktjzpf avhvmMunfhrnfqdkvQif-<br />

NAdwdoQe,fcsJUonf 1885? Ekd0ifbmv (29) &ufaeY Armbk&ifoDaygrif;udk zrf;qD;í rEÅav;aejynfawmfudk<br />

odrf;ydkufcJhNyD;aemuf? 1886 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufaeYwGif ArmEkdifiHudk NAdwdoQtifyg,mtwGif; vufatmufoGwfoGif;í<br />

udkvdkeDtjzpf owfrSwftkyfcsKyfonfh tcsdefrSpí wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tiftm;pkrsm;onf rdrdwdkY xrf;aqmifEdkifonfh<br />

twdkif;twmjzifh qefYusifwdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/ xdkodkY qefYusifrIaMumifh NAdwdoQwdkYonf (15) ESpfausmf ArmEkdifiH<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;udk aumif;rGefEkdifeif;pGm rtkyfcsKyfEkdifcJhay/ xdkodkYqefYusifrIrsm;? ckcHrIrsm;? rauseyfrIrsm;? olYuRefrcHvdkaom<br />

ZmwdaoG;? Zmwdrmef wuf

2<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

awG rsufESmjzKtpdk;&eJY t&m½SdawGudk ½Sdcdk;&r,fwJhvm;? olwdkYu bmawGrdkYvJ? 'dkYvlrsKd;udk wrifzdESdyfcsKyfcs,fxm;wJh<br />

e,fcsJUawGbJ? 'gudk 'dkYu bmjzpfvdkY ½Sdcdk;&rSmvJ/}}<br />

(pum;csyf/ / xdkacwfu q&mrsm;? ynma&;XmerS t&m½Sdrsm; tm;vHk;onf t*FvdyfvlrsKd;rsm;ESifh tdE´d,vlrsKd;<br />

rsm;rSm tm;vHk;eD;yg; jzpfMuonf/)<br />

]][dk;wkef;u q&mawGudk wynfhausmif;om;awGu ½Sdcdk;Muw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY ½Sdcdk;&ovJqkdawmh q&mawGu<br />

tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u wynfhawGudk ynmvnf;oifay;&w,f? aemufqHk; orD;yg ay;Muw,fuG? 'Dawmh [kdwkef;u q&m<br />

awGu wu,fh aus;Zl;½SifawG? tckacwfu wynfhausmif;om;awGqDu aiGn§pf,lMuw,f/ aiG&rS ynmoifay;Mu<br />

w,f? tck q&mu ausmif;om;awG&JU taptyg;yJ? 'gaMumifh r½Sdcdk;xdkufbl;uG}}<br />

a½SUaeav; OD;yk\ ajymcsufudk aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u [kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jyefajymjyí<br />

½Sdcdk;trdefUudk uefYuGufMu&ef vIHUaqmfay;onf/ xdktcge*dku rausreyfjzpfaeaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf wd&pämefO,smOf<br />

(,cifu wd&pämefO,smOfrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;? ,ck &efukefaq;½HkBuD;ae&mwGif jzpfonf) wGif pka0;í aqG;aEG;<br />

Muonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS-<br />

]]&efukef[dkufpul;ausmif;om;rsm;onf ynm0ef rpöwmaumh\ trdefYtwdkif; q&mrsm;ESihf ynma&;t&m½Sd<br />

rsm;tm; ½Sdrcdk;bJae&ef? oufqdkif&m ynma&;t&m½Sd wOD;OD; vma&mufcJhvQif ½Sdckd;enf; (3) enf;½Sdonfh teuf<br />

rnfonfhenf;jzifh ½Sdckd;&rnfudk ar;&ef}} qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/<br />

aemuf&ufwGif ynm0efaxmufrif; OD;a0vif;onf &efukef[kdufpul;ausmif;odkY a&mufvmcJhaomtcg<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u atmufygtwdkif; ar;cJhonf/<br />

]]usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;u q&mrsm;udk ½Sdckd;&r,fvdkY trdefYxkwfcJhw,f? 'Dvdk½Sdckd;jcif; ae&mrSm ½Sdckd;jcif;<br />

trsKd;rsKd;½Sdw,f? vufESpfzufudk,Suf ezl;eJYxdNyD; ½Sdckd;jcif;? vufESpfzuf,Suf &ifbwfa½SUrSmxm; ½Sdcdk;jcif;? vufESpf<br />

zuf,Suf &ifbwfab;apmif; em;rSmxm; ½Sdcdk;jcif;&,fvkdY (3) rsKd;½Sdw,f? b,fenf;eJY ½Sdcdk;&rSmygvJ}}<br />

xdktcg ynm0efaxmufrif; OD;a0vif;u atmufygtwdkif;jyefajymcJhonf/<br />

]]rif;wdkY ajymwJh ½Sdcdk;jcif; (3) rsKd; teuf vufESpfzufudk,Suf ezl;eJYxdNyD; OD;cs ½Sdcdk;enf;eJY ½Sdcdk;&r,f}}<br />

,if;udpöESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;rsm;? rdbrsm;ESifh ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;jzpfol ArmvlrsKd;rsm; tay: cifrif<br />

&if;ESD; oHa,mZOfwG,faeaom t*FvdyftrsKd;om; rpöwma0;vf&pfyif rausreyfjzpfí ynm0ef rpöwmaumhxH uefYuGwf<br />

cJhavonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh rdbrsm;wdkYonf 0dwdk&d,a[mvf (ac:) avQmfwef;½Hk (,ck*vkyf½Hk) ae&mwGif<br />

tpnf;ta0;usif;yNyD; ynm0ef rpöwmaumh tqdkudk uefYuGufaMumif; wcJeuf qHk;jzwfcsufcsMuonf/<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufrSm -<br />

]ynm0ef rpöwmaumUonf Ó PfopfxGifum taumufÓ PfaESmí ausmif;om;rsm;ESifU rdbrsm; oabmrusatmif<br />

ausmif;om;u q&mESifU t&m½Sdrsm;udk ½Sdckd;&ef trdefhxkwfjcif;onf roifUavsmf? xdkhaMumifU þtpnf;ta0;BuD;rS<br />

tjypfqdk uefhuGwfaMumif;}<br />

þodkY ausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;rdbrsm; pkaygif;uefYuGwfjcif;aMumifh ¤if; ynm0ef rpöwmaumhonf<br />

xdktrdefYudk twnfrjyKbJ zsufodrf;cJh&onf/<br />

(c) 0dkiftrfbDat (Y.M.B.A) tp ausmif;om;u<br />

jrefrmhordkif;ESifh NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rlordkif;wdkYwGif yxrOD;qHk;ay:aygufcJhonfh<br />

toif;BuD;jzpfaom 0kdiftrfbDat (Y.M.B.A= Young Men’s Buddhist Association) toif;BuD;udk pwif xlaxmif<br />

cJholrsm;rSmvJ &efukefaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm; jzpfonf/<br />

&efukefaumvdyf ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;jzpfaom armifbab? armifarmifBuD;? armifvSaz? armifpdefvSatmif?<br />

armifb,Of? armifb'Gef;paom ausmif;om;vli,frsm;onf jrefrmouú&mZf 1265 ck? yxr0gqdkvqef; (15) &uf?<br />

t*Fvdyfouú&mZf 1904 ckESpf? ZGefv (26) &uf we*FaEGaeYü &efukefwuúodkvf Ak'¨bmomtoif; (Rangoon<br />

College Buddhist Association) udk pwifwnfaxmifcJhonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf &efukefNrdKU 'gv[kdZDvrf; (,ck r[mAE¨Kvvrf;) ü vrf;avQmuf&if;ESifh ¤if;\ ausmif;om;<br />

oli,fcsif;rsm;jzpfaom armifarmifBuD;? armifvSazwdkYtm; armifbabu EkdifiHa&;tjrifjzifh xlaxmifaom Y.M.C.A<br />

uJhodkY toif;BuD;rsKd; wnfaqmuf&ef Y.M.C.A taqmuftODBuD;tm; ñTefjyíaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1903 rS 1906 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

xdkYaemuf armifbab? armifarmifBuD;? armifb,Of? armifb'Gef;wkdYuyif jrefrmouú&mZff 1267 ckESpf?<br />

wydkYwGJvqkwf (4) &uf? t*Fvdyfouú&mZf 1906 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (11) &uf? we*FaEGaeYü &efukefNrdKU Ak'¨bmom<br />

uvsmP,k0toif;udk pwif wnfaxmifcJhMu avonf/<br />

þonfum; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;toGifudk azmfaqmifrnfh ausmif;om;rsm; pwifwnfaxmif<br />

cJhaom Y.M.B.A toif;BuD;\ tpyifjzpfavonf/<br />

3

4<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (2)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfOD;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf<br />

(1918 rS 1921)<br />

(u) aumvdyfoydwfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae<br />

NAdwdoQe,fcsJUwdkYonf e,fcsJ<br />

Upepfudk &if0,fydkufí jrefrmjynfudk 0ifa&muf odrf;ykdufaomtcg ,if;wdkY\ pD;yGm;<br />

a&; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfrIESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;,EÅ&m;vG,fulpGm vnfywfacsmarGUap&ef tkyfcsKyfa&; t&m½Sduav;rsm;? pma&;<br />

pmcsDrsm;? ukefonf yGJpm;i,frsm;yg0ifaom wdkif;&if;om; vlvwfwef;pm;w&yf arG;xkwf&ef vdktyfvmayonf/<br />

,if;vlvwfwef;pm;udk e,fcsJUwdkYonf a½S;ya'o&mZfydkif½Sifrsm;? ukefonfaygufprsm;ESifh vlvwfwef;pm;wdkYrS qGJ,l<br />

pnf;½Hk; odrf;oGif;cJhavonf/ xkdvlvwfwef;pm;wdkYudk t*FvdyfpmayESifh acwfynm tenf;i,f oifMum;ay;jcif;tm;<br />

jzifh olwdkYtvdk½Sdaom EkdifiHa&;t,ltq tawG;tac:? vlwef;pm; tjrifESifh ynma&;pepfudk tvdktavsmuf yHk½dkuf<br />

oGif;NyD;om; jzpfatmif &nf½G,fMuHaqmifayonf/<br />

ArmjynfwGif aumvdyfynma&;udk 1878 uyif tpjyKcJhonf/ xdkpOfu aumvdyfynmudk oifMum;EdkifolrSm<br />

1891 wGif ausmif;om;OD;a& (44) OD;om½Sdonf/ aumvdyfynm oifMum;Edkifol OD;a&enf;&jcif;rSm ynma&;p&dwf<br />

jrifhrm;NyD; NAdwdoQwdkYu wrifjr§ifhxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ awmifolv,form; qif;&Jom; trsm;pkrSm txufwef;ynmudk<br />

oifMum;zdkY tem;roDEkdifaom tajctaersdK;aMumifh aumvdyfynmudk oifMum;&ef wwfEdkifolrSm vGefpGm enf;yg;&jcif;<br />

aMumifh jzpfonf/<br />

1912 wGif aumvdyfynmoifMum;ol (300) rQ ½Sdvmonf/ tpdk;&rif;wkdY\ vufa0cH t&mxrf;? trIxrf;<br />

rsm;u ydkí tm½HkpkdufvmMuonfrSm txufwef; ynmwwfvQif ydkíBuD;rm;aom &mxl;rsm;udk &½Sd&ef arQmfrSef;Mujcif;<br />

aMumifh jzpfonf/ odkYaomf NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtpdk;&rSm odyÜHynm? aq;ynm? tif*sifeD,mynm tm;ay;rI tvGefenf;yg;<br />

onf/ 1914 ck txd odyÜHbGJU&ol wOD;rQr½Sday/ odyÜHynmvdkufpm;rI r½Sdap&ef t*Fvdyfpmudk ydkítav;ay;NyD;<br />

pmar;yGJrsm;wGif ESdyfuGyfí ppfaq;cJhonf/

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(c) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf jzpfay:vm&jcif; taMumif;t&if;<br />

&efukefaumvdyfordkif;<br />

uvuwåm;wuúodkvf rufx&pfulav;½Sif; pmar;yGJudk 1877 wGif ArmjynfrS atmifjrifol (2) OD;um;<br />

&efukef tpdk;&txufwef; ausmif;om;rsm; jzpf\/ ,if;ausmif;udk 1879? Zefe0g&D (1) &ufaeYwGif &efukefaumvdyfrS<br />

uvuwåm;wuúokdvfu todtrSwfjyKcJhonf/ ausmif;om; (4) a,mufjzifh pwif zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ 1883 wGif bDat<br />

wef; zGihfEkdifaom tajctaea&muf\/ 1885 wGif Armwdkif;&if;om;xJrS armifwl armifwl* armifwl yxrOD;pGm 0dZÆmbGJU<br />

qGwfcl;avonf/ ,k'oefaumvdyf 1894 wGif wnfaxmifonf/ 1894 wGif &efukefaumvdyfü ausmif;om; (69)<br />

a,muf? ,k'oefaum vdyfü (5) a,muf ½Sdonf/ 1900 jynfh &efukefaumvdyfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;ESifh<br />

a½Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;axmifhwGif ae&mopf wnfaqmufcJhonf/ 1909 wGif jrefrmjynf wuúodkvftufOya'Murf;<br />

a&;qGJ&ef ynma&;pif'Dudwfu cefYxm;aom aumfrwD (txl;) udk zGJUonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif &efukefaumvdyfü ausmif;om; (208) a,muf? ,k'oefaumvdyfü (36) a,mufrQom ½Sdí wuúodkvf<br />

xlaxmifay;Ekdif&ef ausmif;om;tiftm; rBuD;rm;[k ,if;aumfrwDu qHk;jzwf\/ 1916 wGif &efukefaumvdyfü (567)<br />

a,muf? ,k'oefaumvdyfü (7) OD;½Sdí jrefrmbk&ifcH jrefrmjynfwGif wuúodkvfwck zGJUay;&ef? Oya'Murf;wck jyKvkyfí<br />

tdE´d,tpdk;&xH wifjycJhonf/ ,if;txl;aumfrwDonf 1919 rwf (27) &ufwGifyif wuúodkvfzGJUpnf;yHk pepftwGuf<br />

tpD&ifcHpmudk ynmrif;BuD;xH ydkYay;cdkif;cJhonf/ 1920 jynfh Zlvdkifv (31) Y.M.B.A uefYuGufí 1922 txd qdkif;<br />

xm;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

Mo*kwfv (28) &uf ruf[ef;wm; Oya'jyKtzGJUonf 1920 &efukefwuúodkvfOya'udk trsm;oabmwl<br />

jy|mef; twnfjyKcJhonf/ bk&ifcHu pufwifbmv (26) &ufwGif oabmwlaMumif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD; atmufwdkbmv<br />

(24) &ufwGif tdE´d,bk&ifcHcsKyfu ,if;Oya'udk vufcH twnfjyKcJhonf/<br />

1920 Zlvdkifv (12) &ufaeY bk&ifcH qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'guf (Sir Reginal Craddock) aetdrfü<br />

rif;wdkifyiftpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;rSm ArmjynfwGif wuúodkvfwnfaxmif&ef tpnf;ta0;jzpf<br />

onf/ wuúodkvftufOya'Murf; a&;qJGaumfrwD tpD&ifcHpmudk rpöwmruf[ef;wm;u wifjyonf/<br />

¤if;tzGJUwGif-<br />

(1) rpöwm ruf[efwm; (Mr. Mark Hunter**, Director of Public Instruction-Vice-Chairman)<br />

(2) OD;aratmif<br />

(3) rpöwm *Gwfvpf<br />

(4) rpöwm bdkY*a& ADvD<br />

(5) rpöwm *smrm;<br />

(6) OD;bdk;om<br />

(7) rpöwm a[mbmwef<br />

(8) rpöwm &ufvpf<br />

(9) rpöwm ruúepfwdkYjzpfonf/<br />

rpöwmruf[ef;wm;u wifoGif;onfhtqdkudk OD;aratmifu axmufcHaomfvnf; OD;bdk;omu vufrcH<br />

OD;bdk;omESifh OD;ñGefYrSm OD;aratmifudk a'goxGufMuonf/ ArmjynfESifh rnfodkYrQ rtyfpyfaom Oya'udk Armwa,muf<br />

u csD;usL;axmyemjyKí Munfhr& jzpfaeonf/ OD;bkd;omESifh OD;ñGefYrSm uefYuGufcJhMuonf/<br />

1920 ckESpf txd jrefrmjynfwGif wuúodkvfwckrQ r½Sdao;acs/ &efukefwuúodkvfESifh ,k'oefaumvdyfausmif;<br />

rsm;rSm tdEd´,EkdifiH uvuwåm;wuúodkvf\ vufatmufcH aumvdyfausmif;rsm; jzpfonf/<br />

xdkwuúodkvfrS jyXmef;aom ynm&yfrsm;udk oifMum;&NyD; xdkwuúodkvfrS ppfaom pmar;yGJrsm;udk ajzqdkMu<br />

&\/ xdkYaemuf Y.M.B.A toif;BuD;u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif oD;jcm;wuúodkvfwck ½Sd&rnf[k vIHYaqmfa

6<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(1) OD;bab (bDat)<br />

(2) OD;armifBuD; (trfat)<br />

(3) 0wfvHkawmf& OD;aratmif<br />

(4) OD;bvIdif (bDat)<br />

(5) OD;uGrf; (bDat)<br />

(6) OD;trftHk;cdkif wkdY (6) OD;om jrefrmtrsKd;om;rsm; yg0ifcJhonf/ OD;bab? OD;xGef;½Sdef? 0wfvHkOD;odef;armif<br />

wkdYu owif;pmxJrS uefYuGufcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh 1920? Zlvdkifv (4) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;<br />

0dkiftrfbDattoif;csKyf½Hk; tpnf;ta0;cef;rü A[dktoif;csKyf (*sife&,faumifq,f) tpnf;ta0;usif;y&m OD;cspf<br />

vIdifu obmywdaqmif½GufNyD; atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; yg0ifchJonf/<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuftrSwf (3) wGif-<br />

3/ ,cktcg &efukefNrdKUü,leDAmpDwD (wuúodkvf) ausmif;BuD; zGifhvSpfpDrHa&;udpöESifh yufoufí ynmrif;BuD;<br />

ruf[ef;wm;u Oya'Murf;a&;qGJNyD;? 'kwd,bk&ifcH twkdifyifcHtzGJUodkY wifoGif;jy|mef;&ef pDpOfaeMuonf[k Mum;od&<br />

aMumif;? &efukef,leDAmpDwD ausmif;awmfBuD;onf jrefrmwkdif;&if;om;w&yfvHk;ESifh oufqkdifaom ausmif;awmfBuD;<br />

jzpfojzifh xdkausmif;awmfBuD;twGuf Oya'Murf;a&;qGJ twnfjyKjy|mef;jcif;udpöudk jrefrmEkdifiHtkyfcsKyfa&; jyKjyifajymif;<br />

vJNyD;onftxd qkdif;ihHxm;&efESifh xdkausmif;awmfBuD;qkdif&m pDrHrI t&yf&yfwkdYudkvnf; wdkif;oljynfom;wkdYu a½G;aumuf<br />

wifajr§mufvdkufaom trwfrsm;tm; vTJtyf&eftqdkukdk OD;vSazu wifoGif;í tm;vHk;oabmwl qHk;jzwfMuonf/<br />

0dkiftrfbDat NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;rsm;uvnf; Oya'Murf; qkdif;iHhxm;&ef tpkd;&odkY tMuHay;awmif;qkdcJhonf/<br />

xdktMuHay;awmif;qkdonfh twGif;rSmyif 1920 ck? Zlvdkifv (12) &ufwGif 'kwd,bk&ifcHu ol\ twkdifyifcHtpnf;t<br />

a0;udk ac:,lNyD; ynmrif;BuD;ruf[ef;wm; wifoGif;aom ],leDAmpDwDtufOya'} udkvufcHNyD;vQif pdppfí aemufwBudrf<br />

tpnf;ta0;ü twnfjyKa&;twGuf wifoGif;&ef aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;vTJtyfvdkufonf/ ¤if;Oya'Murf;udk OD;ar<br />

atmif tygt0if tpkd;&bufawmfom;rsm;u axmufcHonf/ xdkYaemuf t*FvdyfAsL½dku&uf tpdk;&onf wdkif;jynfrS<br />

a0zefEdkif&ef aMunm\/ ¤if;Oya'Murf;rSm jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh oifhawmfonf[k bk&ifcHu ajymqkdcJhonf/<br />

¤if;Oya'wGif AsL½dku&uf e,fcsJUtpdk;&u jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; txufwef;ynm roifMum;Ekdifap&ef csKyfcs,f<br />

onfh atmufygtcsufrsm;yg0ifcJhonf/<br />

(1) jrefrmjynfwGif wuúodkvf wckwnf;om ½Sd&rnf/<br />

(2) xkdwuúodkvfvufatmufwGif aumvdyfausmif; wausmif;wnf;om ½Sd&rnf/<br />

(3) xdkwausmif;wnf;aom aumvdyfonf &efukefNrdKUü ½Sd&rnf/<br />

(4) xdkaumvdyfausmif;wGif pmoifvkdaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;tdyf ausmif;pm; jzpf&rnf/<br />

(5) rufx&Dulav;½Sif; (ac:) wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrxm;bJ tpdk;&ujyKvkyfaom [dkufpul;zdkife,f q,fwef;<br />

pmar;yGJudk atmif&rnf/<br />

(6) odkY&mwGif atmifolrsm;onf t*FvdyfbmomESifh tjcmbmomwck xl;cRefpGmwwfajrmufí atmifjrif<br />

&rnf/<br />

(7) q,fwef;atmifí wuúokdvf0ifcGifh&aomfvnf; wuúodkvfynm&yfrsm;udk wcgwnf;pí roif&bJ<br />

xdkwuúodkvfynm&yfrsm;udk aumif;pGm vdkufEkdif&eftwGuf (Preliminary Class) ac: jyifqifrItwef;<br />

wGif wESpf ae&OD;rnf/<br />

(8) xdkjyifqifrItwef;wGif wESpfaeaomfvnf; ESpfukefonfhtcg wuúodkvfynm&yfrsm;udk vkdufEkdif&ef<br />

t&nftcsif; r½Sdao;[k ,lqvQif wuúodkvfynmudk qufvufoifcGifh&OD;rnf r[kwf/<br />

(9) a&;ajz pmar;yGJtjyif EIwfwdkuf ajzqkd&rnfh pmar;yGJrsm;vnf; ½Sdao;\/<br />

(10) odyÜHwef;atmifNyD; 0dZÆmwef;udk *kPfxl;ESifh atmifaomolrSomvQif r[m0dZÆmbGJUpmar;yGJudk 0ifa&muf<br />

ajzqkdEdkifcGifh ½Sdrnf/ 0dZÆmbGJU½dk;½dk;atmifjrif½HkrQESifh r[m0dZÆmbJGUpmar;yGJ r0ifEkdif/<br />

(11) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh 0dZÆmbGJUwef; pmar;yGJudk odyÜHwef;atmifNyD; (3) ESpfMumrS 0if&rnf/<br />

(12) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh 0dZÆmbGJUwef;udk wcgwnf; 0ifa&mufajzqkdí ratmifvQif aemufxyfr0ifEkdifawmhacs/<br />

¤if;tcsufrsm;udk avhvmMunfhvQif aumvdyfausmif; wausmif;wnf;ESifh jrefrmvlrsKd; tajrmuftjrm;udk<br />

txufwef;ynm oifray;Ekdifay/ xdkwausmif;wnf;rS tmPmydkifrsm;u pDrHcsifovkd pDrHí ausmif;om;OD;a&udk<br />

uefYowfEkdif\/ rnfonfhynm&yfonf jrefrmrsm;ESifh oifhawmfonf ¤if;wkdYu owfrSwfEdkifonf/ jrefrmrsm;ESifh

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

oifhawmfaom ynm&yfjzpfaeaomfvnf; xdkynm&yfudk roifMum;&[k ydwfyifEkdifonf/ pmar;yGJrsm;udkvnf; Muyfwnf;<br />

atmif vkyfEkdif\/ csKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udkvJ vkyfEkdifonf/<br />

xdkacwftcgu jrefrmEkdifiH vlOD;a& (85) &mcdkifEIef;ausmfrSm awm½Gmrsm;wGifaeaom awmifolv,form;<br />

qif;&Jom;rsm; jzpf\/ NrdKUae jrefrmukefonf pma&;pmcsDrsm;rSmvnf; rsm;aomtm;jzifh 0ifaiG tenf;i,fom½Sd\/<br />

rdrdwkdY NrdKUwGifaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYaus;½Gmrsm;ESifh eD;uyfaom NrdKUrsm;wGifaomfvnf;aumif;? (7) wef;? (10)<br />

wef;ausmif;rsm;wGif awmausmif;om;rsm;tjzpff ausmif;rxm;Ekdifay/ &efukefNrdKUodkY ynmoifMum;&efvJ rapvTwfEdkifay/<br />

xdktcgu aumvdyfausmif;wGif ynmoifp&dwfrSm tenf;qHk; wvvQif (60) usyfjzpfNyD; wv (60) usyfrQom<br />

0ifaiG½Sdaom (85) &mckdifEIef;jzpfonfh awmifolv,form; qif;&Jom;wkdYrSm rdrdwdkY om;orD;rsm;udk txufwef;ynm<br />

oifMum;ap&ef pdwfrul; EkdifMuay/ xdkaMumifh wuúodkvfOya'Murf;t& jrefrmwkdYrSm txufwef;ynm roifEkdifay/<br />

t*Fvdyf0g'twdkif; jrefrmrsm;udk olwdkYckdif;í aumif;atmif xif;ckwf? a&cyfwwf½Hkavmufom &nf½G,faom ynma&;<br />

pepfjzpfonf/ xdktcsdefu &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;wOD;\ wESpfukefusaiGrSm (378) usyf½Sdonf/ þtcsdefwGif<br />

atmufpzdkYESifh uif;b&pfwuúodkvf ausmif;om;wa,muf\ wESpfukefusaiGrSm (3500) usyfrQom jzpf\/ q,fyHk<br />

wyHkomvQif ½Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif xdkrQaom aiGudk jrefrmrsm; rwwfEkdifay/ (10) wef;atmif&ef (10) ESpfvHk;vHk; aiG<br />

tajrmuftjrm; tukeftuscHNyD; aumvdyfynm&yfrsm;udk wqufwnf; roifEkdifbJ &efukefNrdKUü jyifqifrItwef;wGif<br />

wESpfxyfrH ae&OD;rnfqkdvQif aiGtukeftus ydkrsm;rnfjzpffonf/ (10) wef;udk (10) ESpfESifh atmif&ef tbufbufrS<br />

taMumif;nDñGwfrnfjzpfNyD; wESpfwwef; rSefrSefatmif&rnf jzpfonf/ xdktcsdefydk? xdkp&dwfudk trsm;tm;jzifh qif;&J<br />

aom Armrsm; rwwfEkdifay/<br />

¤if;tjyif jyifqifrItwef;ü wESpfaeNyD; aumvdyfausmif; tmPmydkifrsm;u aumvdyfynm&yfrsm;udk qufí<br />

oifMum;Ekdif&ef t&nftcsif;rjynfhpHk[k owfrSwfvQif qufvufí oifcGifhr&awmhay/ [kdufpul;zkdife,fac: (10) wef;<br />

atmif&mwGif t*Fvdyfbmomü xl;cRefpGmwwfaMumif; xif½Sm;ap&rnf[k qkd&mü rnfrQtqifhtwef;[k uefYowfrI<br />

rxm;½Sdonfhtjyif rsm;aomtm;jzifh jrefrmausmif;om;rsm; twGuf tcsKyftcs,fwck jzpfonf[k qdkEkdif\/ rnfrQcsKyf<br />

cs,foenf;qdkaomf wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk oD;jcm;rxm;jcif;udk odEkdif\/<br />

¤if;tcsufrsm; tm;vHk;rSm jrefrmrsm;udk? txufwef;ynm wwfajrmufa&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;csKyfcs,frIrsm;<br />

om jzpfonf/ tdE´d,EkdifiH uvuwåm;wuúodkvfESifh tjcm;wuúodkvfrsm;wGif þuJhodkYaom Oya'rsm; csKyfcs,fjy|mef;<br />

jcif; r½Sday/ jrefrmrsm;udk txufwef;ynm rwwf&ef t*FvdyfAsL½dku&uf tpkd;&u pDrHjyKvkyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/<br />

ArmjynfESifh tdE´d,jynfonf NAdwdoQwdkY\ aer0iftifyg,mtwGif;ü rukef;crf;Edkifaom o,HZmw ayg

8<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(2) OD;om owfrSwfxm;onf/ þodkYArmwdkif;&if;om;rsm; vHkavmufpGm yg0ifapjcif;r½Sdjcif;rSm roifhavsmf<br />

ay/ xdkYaMumifh ,leDAmpDwDtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUESifh qD;edwftzGJUwdkYwGif Armwkdif;&if;om;rsm; vHkavmufpGm yg0ifap<br />

oifhaMumif; tqkdukd OD;wkwfBuD;u wifoGif;í OD;bvIdifu axmufcHNyD; trsm;oabmwl qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

4/ wuúodkvfOya'Murf;t& q,fwef;atmifNyD;aemuf ,leDAmpDwD0ifcGifh&&ef aemufxyf wESpfxyfrH oifMum;&<br />

OD;rnf[k qdkonfudk vHk;0vufoifh rcHoifhay/ [kdufpul;zdkife,f (10) wef; atmifjrifNyD;olwdkif; ,leDAmpDwD<br />

odkY 0ifcGifhjyKoifhaMumif; tqkdudk om,m0wDOD;yku wifoGif;í OD;oif;armifu axmufcHNyD; trsm;oabmwl<br />

qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

5/ ynmrif;BuD;\ Oya'wGif bDat? bDtufpDudk *kPfxl;ESifh atmifjrifrSom trfat? trftufpfpD oifvdku<br />

oifMum;EkdifcGifh ½Sdaprnfqkdaom tcsufudk y,fzsufí bDat? bDtufpD atmifjrifolwdkif; trfat? trftufpD<br />

oifMum;EdkifcGifh ½Sdap&rnf[laom tqkdudk OD;pdefvSatmifu wifoGif;í OD;odef;armifu axmufcHNyD; trsm;<br />

oabmwl qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

6/ rpöwmruf[ef;wm;udk ynmrif;BuD;tjzpf cefYtyfaqmif½Gufaponfh tcsdefrSpí ArmEkdifiH ynmoifMum;a&;<br />

wGif wdk;wufaumif;rGef aqmif½Gufonfudk rawGU&/ qkwf,kwfysufjym;atmif jyKvkyfaejcif;omjzpfonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh rpöwmruf[ef;wm;udk ynmrif;BuD;tjzpfrS z,f½Sm;ajymif;a½TU ypfoifhaMumif; tqkdudk vufyHwef;<br />

NrdKU OD;vlBuD;u wifoGif;í anmifav;yifNrdKU OD;bdk;awu axmufcHNyD; trsm;oabmwl qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

txufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk 'kwd,bk&ifcH? ArmEdkifiHtpdk;& ynma&;0efBuD;csKyfESifh tdEd´,EkdifiH A[dktpdk;&<br />

tzJGJUodkY qHk;jzwfcsuf tjynfhtpHkudk wifydkYawmif;qkdMuonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif xdktcg oHvufoD;[kac:aom vufaxmufbk&ifcH qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'guf acgif;aqmifonfh<br />

NAdwdoQe,fcsJU AsL½dku&uftpdk;&u ]rif;wkdhArmawG ynma&;udk bmem;vnfvdkhvJ} [kqdkum wkdif;jynfrS uefYuGufcsuf<br />

rsm;udk *½krpdkufbJ vspfvsL½Ium 1920 'DZifbmv (1) &ufaeYwGif xdkwuúodkvfOya'Murf;udk twnfjyKNyD;[k<br />

aMunmvkdufonf/ 'DZifbm (7) &ufaeYrS pwifusifhoHk;rnf[k owif;xGufvmonf/<br />

(*) oydwftwGufjyifqifMujcif;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf Oya'onf 'DZifbmv (1) &ufaeYü twnfjzpfvmcJhayonf/ odkY&mwGif<br />

wuúodkvfzGifhvSpfyGJ tcrf;tem;udk w&m;0if rusif;y&ao;acs/<br />

jrefrmEkdifiH\ 'kwd,bk&ifcH qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'gufonf Oya't& wuúodkvft"dywdBuD; tjzpf 'DZifbm<br />

v (7) &ufaeYwGif ]&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;awmfBuD;} udk zGifhvSpf&ef aMunmxm;avonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;awmfom;rsm; jzpfvmMurnfh &efukefaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;wdkYtaejzifhum;<br />

wuúodkvf Oya'onf wuúodkvfynma&;udk ysufpD;aponfomru trsKd;om;a&;*kPfodu©mESifh jrefrmvlrsKd;wdkY\<br />

a,bk,stqifhtwef;udkyif ,kwfavsmhvmvdrfhrnf[k oabm&½Sdxm;NyD; jzpfonf/<br />

xdkYtjyif wuúodkvfOya'onf trsKd;om;wdkYtm; aESmifBuKd;jzifhtpOfcsKyfaESmifxm;&ef<br />

NAdwdoQtpdk;&u zefwD;<br />

xm;onfh vufeufaumif;wck jzpfonf[lívnf; rrSdwfrokef ,HkMunfMuonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh &efukefaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;BuD;wkdYonf wuúodkvfOya' ysufpD;oGm;&ef vnf;aumif;? ,if;<br />

Oya't& wuúodkvfrzGifhjzpf&ef vnf;aumif;? jrefrmtrsKd;om;wdkY\ tpDtrHjzifh trsKd;om;wuúodkvf wnfaxmif&ef<br />

vnf;aumif; pdwftm;xufoefpGmawG;awm MuHqcJhMuavonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf Oya'ysufjym;&efESifh wuúodkvfausmif; rzGifhvSpfEkdif&ef ta&;rsm;udk BudKwifawG;awm<br />

MuHqvsuf ½SdaeMuaom &efukefaumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;wdkYu Oya'yif½Sdaevifhupm; ausmif;om;r½Sdaom ausmif;<br />

onf tcsnf;ESD;yifjzpfí ausmif;udk oydwfarSmufMu&ef aemufqkHk; tMuH&Muavonf/<br />

,if;uJhodkY tMuH&onfhtwdkif; 1282 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef; vqkwf (8) &uf ('DZifbmv 3 &ufaeU)<br />

aeYv,fwGif &efukefaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD;wdkYonf a½Twd*kH ukef;awmfay: paeaxmifhwGif wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

udk oydwfarSmufa&;wGuf vQKdU0Sufpnf;a0; wdkifyifMuonf/<br />

tqkdyg ausmif;om; (11) OD;rSm-–<br />

1/ udkbOD; (bDat txufwef;) (aemif ta&;ydkif OD;bOD;? oHwGJ)<br />

2/ udkzdk;uGef; (bDtufpD txufwef;) (aemif ocifAdkvfzdk;uGef;)

Source: RU History (Diamond Jubilee)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om;BuD;rsm; opömt"d|mefjyK&m a½Twd*HkapwD taemufawmifaxmifUwGif pdkufxlxm;aom txdrf;trSwfausmufwdkif<br />

3/ udkb½Sif (bDtufpD txufwef;) (aemif tif*sifeD,m) (&efukef)<br />

4/ udkb½Sif (tkdifat txufwef;)<br />

5/ udkxGef;0if; (tkdifat txufwef;)<br />

6/ udkazodef; (tdkifat txufwef;)<br />

7/ udknDydwf (bDtufpD txufwef;) (aemif puf½Sifw&m;olBuD;) (&efukef)<br />

8/ udkat; (bDat txufwef;) (aemif ,pfrsdK;rif;BuD;)<br />

9/ udkvSwif (bDat txufwef;) (aemif vTwfawmfa½SUae)<br />

10/ udkatmif'if (tdkifat txufwef;) (aemif yifpif½Hk;tkyf)<br />

11/ udkbcif (tkdifat txufwef;) (rEÅav;) wkdU jzpfonf/<br />

þaumvdyfausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD;wdkYonf (2) em&DeD;yg;Mumatmif tzufzufrS av;eufpGm qifjcifpOf;pm;<br />

NyD;aemuf trdEkdifiH\ *kPfodu©mudk u,fwifa&;twGuf aumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/<br />

,if;udpöudk rnfuJhodkY xajrmufatmifjrif&ef jyKvkyfMurnfudk wdkifyifESD;aESmMuNyD;vQif –<br />

(1) tjcm; ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufaomfvnf; xdk (11) OD;wdkYonf ausmif;udk rysufruGuf oydwfarSmuf<br />

NyD;vQif wdkif;jynf qlylx

10<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;\ vQKdU0SufpGm vIyf½Sm;aeyHkudk tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; &dyfrdwefoavmuf &dyfrdMu<br />

avonf/ ],leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk wwdkif;jynfvHk;u uefhuGufaeygvsuf tpdk;&u yrmrcefhjyKonfUtwGuf oydwf<br />

arSmuf&ef MuHpnfMuonf} [lí tcsif;csif; odem;vnfaecJhMuonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (4) &ufaeY? eHeufydkif;wGif &efukefaumvdyfESifh ,k'oefaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;\ pum;tajc<br />

twifajymyGJ tNyD; nae (3) em&D rdepf (30) wGif A[ef;&yf OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkufodkY ausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;<br />

qufvuf wufa&muf&ef zdwfMum;Muavonf/<br />

xdkaeYnae (3) em&DcGJwGif aumvdyfESpf&yfvHk;rS ausmif;om;aygif; (600) cefY pka0;a&muf½SdvmMuonf/<br />

&efukefaumvdyfrS acgif;aqmif (11) OD;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tjyif ,k'oefaumvdyfrS udkzdk;usm;? udkkjrifh? udkzdk;vwf<br />

tp½Sdaom acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; wufa&mufvmMuonf/<br />

tpnf;ta0;wGif &efukefaumvdyf tdkiftufpfpD atmufwef;rS udkvSpdefudk Ouú|wifajr§mufí udkbOD;u<br />

tpnf;ta0; ac:,l&jcif; taMumif;rsm;udk tus,fw0ifh ½Sif;vif;ajymjyonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf aumvdyfESpf&yfpvkH;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf oydwfarSmufa&; udpöudk jyif;jyif;xefxef aqG;aEG;Mu<br />

onf/ t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd;udkvnf; aumvdyfESpf&yfpvHk;rS ausmif;om;rsm;u wifjyMuonf/<br />

aqG;aEG;nd§EIdif;Mu&mwGif wuúodkvfOya'udk wdkufzsufa&;twGuf oydwfarSmuf&efudkum; a,bk,stm;jzifh<br />

oabmwlMu\/<br />

odkY&mwGif (1) wuúodkvfOya'udk jyifqifay;&ef bk&ifcHxH avQmufxm;í vdkufavsmjcif; rjyKorQ oydwf<br />

arSmuf&efESifh? (2) rauseyfrIrsm;udk xdxda&mufa&muf jyonfhtaeESifh oydwfarSmufNyD;rS vdkvm;csuf awmif;qdkvTmudk<br />

wif&ef[laom enf;vrf;ESpf&yf uGJvGJMuavonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh ,if;udpöudk rJqE´,l&ef pDrHMuonf/ qE´r,lrD ½IH;aomzufrS EkdifaomzufodkY razmufjyef<br />

vdkufyg&ef ESpfOD;ESpfzuf uwday;Muonf/ xdkYaemuf qE´rJ tqHk;tjzwf,l&mwGif OD;pGm oydwfarSmufNyD; aemufrS<br />

vdkvm;csufrsm;udk ta&;qdkaom awmif;qdkvTmwif&efzufrS tEkdif&½Sdavonf/ xdkpOftcgu udkzdk;usm;ESifh tjcm;acgif;<br />

aqmifrsm;rSm rJqE´½IH;Muaomfvnf; oydwfarSmuf vIyf½Sm;rIwavQmufvHk;ESifh trsKd;om;ynma&; c&D;pOfwavQmufvHk;<br />

wGif razmufrjyef vdkufygcJhMuonf/<br />

,if;tpnf;ta0;rS-<br />

(1) 1920 jynfhESpf? 'DZifbmv (7) &uf? t*FgaeYwGif jrefrmEkdifiH 'kwd,bk&ifcH &efukefaumvdyfausmif;odkY<br />

vma&mufNyD; ]jrefrmEkdifiHwGif &efukefwuúodkvf zGifUvSpfaMumif;} aMunmaomtcg aumvdyfausmif;<br />

ESpfausmif;½Sd ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;onf rdrdwdkYpmtkyfrsm;udk ydkufí ]&efukefwuúodkvfudk oydwfarSmufNyD}[k<br />

atmf[pfum ausmif;rsm;rS xGufvm&ef?<br />

(2) oydwfarSmufNyD;rS xdk&efukefwuúodkvfOya'onf jrefrmrsm; txufwef;ynm oifMum;a&;twGuf<br />

epfematmif csKyfcs,fonfhOya'rsm;jzpfí ,if;wkdYudk jyKjyifay;&ef t*FvdyfAsL½kdu&uftpdk;&odkY ta&;<br />

qdk&ef?<br />

(3) jyKjyifay;&ef awmif;qdkaom tcsufrsm;udk jyKjyifíray;orQ umvywfvHk; ausmif;jyefí rwuf&ef<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfMuonf/<br />

xdkYtjyif oydwfarSmuf udpöESifhywfoufí udpöt00udk aqmif½GufoGm;&ef ausmif;ESpfausmif;rS udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm; yg0ifonfh 26 OD;aumfrDwD (Council of Twenty-six) udk a½G;cs,fcefYtyfum wm0eft&yf&yf vTJtyfavonf/<br />

,if; 26 OD;aumfrDwDwdkYum;-<br />

(pwifOD;aqmifcJUaom ausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD; tygt0if)<br />

&efukefaumvdyfrS<br />

12/ udkvSpdef (Oya'ynm) (aemif NrdKUrq&ma[mif;)<br />

13/ udkbwif (Oya'ynm) (aemif Oya'jyK vTwfawmftrwf? uefeD0efBuD;\ ajr;)<br />

14/ udkpkd;0if; (bDat txufwef;) (aemif ynma&;txl;t&m½Sd)<br />

15/ udkxGef;az (tdkifat txufwef;) (aemif xGef;aeUpOf t,f'DwmcsKyf)<br />

16/ udkb[ef (bDatwef;) (aemif [dkufukwfpmawmfjyef)<br />

17/ udkvlaz0if; (bDDat txufwef;) (aemif a½S;a[mif;okawoe? ausmufpm0ef)<br />

18/ udkbausmf (tdkifat txufwef;) (aemif tpdk;&yHkESdyfwdkufnTefMum;a&;0ef)

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

19/ rpöwm tifpDqif; (bDat txufwef;) (aemif w&m;½Hk;csKyfa½SUae)<br />

20/ rpöwm tD;armifpdef (bDat txufwef;)<br />

*syfqifaumvdyfrS (,k'oefaumvdyf)<br />

21/ udkjrifh (aemif ae½Sife,f OD;jrifh)<br />

22/ udkjr (bDtufpfpD txufwef;) (aemif 'k-0efBuD;csKyf ocifjr)<br />

23/ udkzdk;usm; (bDat atmufwef;) (aemif trsKd;om;ynm0ef)<br />

24/ udkzdk;vwf (bDat txufwef;) (aemif ,Ofaus;rI twGif;0efa[mif;)<br />

25/ udkarmifudk (bDat txufwef;) (aemif xDrif;BuD;)<br />

26/ rpöwm bkdYpf wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

pwifoydwfarSmufjcif;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf ,leDAmpDwDOya'ESifh xkdOya't& wnfaxmifrnfh wuúodkvfausmif;BuD;udkyg oydwf<br />

arSmufMu&ef qHk;jzwfonfqdkaom wpHkwpfa,muf\ owif;ay;csuft& &efukefaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwm<br />

rwfo,l;[efwm; (Mr. Matthew Hunter***) od½SdoGm;avonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;onf owif;&vQif&jcif; ausmif;<br />

q&mrsm;? t&m½Sdrsm;? rdbrsm;rSwqifh ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfrarSmufjzpfatmif zsufavonf/ tpdk;&trIxrf;jzpfonfh<br />

ausmif;om; rdbwdkYtm; om;orD;rsm; oydwfarSmufvQif oifwdkYtvkyfrS xkwfypfcH&rnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufonf/<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD;ESifh q&mrdbrsm;u oydwfrarSmufjzpfatmif zsufaeonfhowif;rsm;udk csufjcif;Mum;od&í<br />

1282 ck? wefaqmifrkef; vjynfhausmf (10) &uf? 1920 'DZifbmv (5) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (2) em&DwGif udkbOD;tdrfü<br />

tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfcg ausmif;om;BuD; (11) OD;onf rlvowfrSwfxm;aom 'DZifbmv (7) &ufudk rapmifhawmhbJ<br />

,aeY 'DZifbm (5) &uf (wefaqmifrkef; vjynfhausmf 10 &uf) üyif oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfMuonf/ xdkYaemuf<br />

naewGif A[ef;a½Tusif&yf ausmif;wkduf wkdifw&mausmif;ü ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; &efukefaumvdyfESifh ,k'oef<br />

aumvdyfrS ausmif;om; (50) ausmfonf pkpnf;NyD;vQif ynmrif;BuD;ruf[ef;wm;\ Oya'ESifh xdkOya't& zGifhvSpfrnfh<br />

wuúokdvfausmif;awmfBuD;udk pwif oydwfarSmufcJhMuonf/<br />

(C) oydwfarSmufpOf jrifuGif;ESifh ausmif;om;wkdY cdkifrmaompdwf"gwf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; xdkodkY oydwfarSmufjcif;rSm ynmqufvufoif&ef ysif;&d<br />

í r[kwf? ArmjynfESifh ArmwrsdK;om;vHk; tem*wf aumif;pm;a&;twGuf ¤if;wkdY<br />

ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh aemifa&;udk tqHk;½IH;cHum? tepfemcHum xGufvmcJhjcif;jzpf<br />

onf/ t*FvdyfAsL½dku&uf e,fcsJUtpdk;&u pDrHvkyfukdifoa½GU vnf;aumif;? rw&m;<br />

zdESdyfrIrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? iHkYrcHbJ xdxda&mufa&muf wHkYjyefwdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

t*Fvdyftpdk;&udk BuD;us,faom yxrOD;qHk; qefYusifrIBuD; jzpfonf/<br />

ArmawG txufwef;ynmrwwfvQif wdk;wufrI r½Sd? wkd;wufrI r½SdvQif<br />

olYuRef? olYvufatmufwGif olwdkYvkyfoí iHkYcHum ArmawGu t½dk;pm;? olwdkYu<br />

tqDtESpfudk xm0pOf oHk;pGJoGm;&ef jzpfonf/ ynmrwwfvQif atmufwef;pm;<br />

tvkyftudkifESifhom a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfNyD; olwdkY tkyfcsKyfa&; 0ifa&muf rpGufzufEkdifay/<br />

ynmrwwfí wdk;wufrIr½SdvQif olwdkYvufatmuf uRefoabmufrS b,fawmhrQ<br />

Ouú| udkbOD;<br />

BudK;pm;awmhrnf r[kwfay/<br />

ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk; tdrfrjyefawmhbJ A[ef;a½Tusifausmif;wkdufESifh<br />

OD;t&d,ausmif;wkduf twGif;½Sd Z&yfrsm;wGif oydwfarSmufpcef;rsm; jyKvkyfaexdkifMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwf<br />

arSmufonfudk Mum;odvQif odcsif; q&mBuD;OD;bESifh OD;bvdIifwdkYu yxrtBudrfoydwf rarSmuf&ef ajymqdkonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; vufoifhrcHí jyefoGm;Muonf/<br />

aemufwBudrfwGif q&mBuD;rwf[ef;wm;ESifh OD;jrifh (rif;wkdifyiftrwf) wdkYvma&mufNyD; trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk<br />

aoG;aqmif ac:iifMuonf/ trsm;pku acgif;aqmifwifajr§mufxm;aom Ouú| udkbOD;ESifh udkjrifhwdkYu rauseyfonfh<br />

tcsufrsm;udk ajymjyaomfvnf; q&mrwf[ef;wm;u vufrcHbJ aoG;aqmif ac:iifvsufyif½Sdonf/<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)<br />

11

12<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xkdtcg udkazodef;u<br />

]],Ofaus;onfqdkaom q&mBuD;wkdY\ t*FvdyfjynfESifh taemufwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif jynfolrsm; oabmrwl<br />

onfh Oya'rsm;udk Oya'jyKtzGJUu twnfjyKygoavm}} ar;&m<br />

q&mBuD;rwf[ef;wm;u<br />

]]rjyKaMumif;}} jyefajz\/<br />

]]odkYjzpfvQif usaemfwkdYrESpfNrdKUaom ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk q&mBuD;wkdY t*Fvdyftpdk;&onf twnfjyKí<br />

oHk;pGJapjcif;rSm ,Ofaus;ygoavm? w&m;ygoavm? usaemfwdkYu vufatmufcH EkdifiHom;awGrdkY oif;wkdYqDrSm xifovkd<br />

vkyfrnfqdkaom oabmESifh vkyfygovm;}} ar;&m q&m[ef;wm; rnfodkYrQ rajzEkdifbJ tm;avsmhum xGufcGmoGm;\/<br />

udkvdkeDacwfOD;wGif yxrqHk;ay:aygufcJhaom oydwfjzpfí pdwf"mwfa&;&mt& MuHUcdkifrIr½Sd? pnf;urf;bufvJ<br />

avsmhwdavsmh&J pnf;½Hk;rIüvJ ysufjy,fvdrfhrnf[k wGufqp&m ½Sdonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;oydwfu xkdodkYr[kwf/<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ aMunmcsufudk MunfhvQif-<br />

]usaemfwkdhonf wwdkif;jynfvHk; uReftwGif;u rnfonfUtcgrQ rvGwfuif;aponfU AsL½dku&uf\ odyÜHausmif;<br />

Oya'udk xkacszsufqD;&efESifU ckcHjcif;rSwyg; tjcm;aomenf;jzifU wdkif;jynfudk u,fq,fzdkh&m enf;vrf;r½Sd[k ,HkMunfygonf/<br />

usaemfwdkhonf *kPfoa&apmifUa½SmufonfU ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfonfU tm;avsmfpGm wu,fta&;MuHKvmvQif wdkif;jynftwGuf<br />

toufpGefh&ef toifU½SdMuygonf/ usaemfwdkh ckcHwdkuf&if;om aoygap/ aemufqHk;txd ckcHygrnf[k pdwfydkif;jzwfxm;olrsm;<br />

jzpfygonf/}<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om; Ouú|udkbOD;u<br />

]AsL½dkua&pDtpdk;&onf ArmvlrsdK;rsm;udk b,faomtcg tavsmUay;bl;ygovJ/ b,fawmUrS ray;yg/ b,feHa&m<br />

tcgrSvJ ay;vdrfUrnfr[kwf/ usaemfwdkhudk qlylaom vl½l;wpk[k t,l½SdMuonf/ e,fcsJYwdkhonf usaemfwdkhudk touf<br />

r½Sdaom opfwHk;rsm;[k atmufarUMu\/ usaemfwdkh ajymwmawG bmrS tav;rjyK? *½krjyKonfU tjyif 'DZifbm (23)<br />

&ufwGif ausmif;jyef rwufaomtcg ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk xkwfypfrnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufygao;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ausmif;jyef0ifí Oya'udkzsuf&ef BudK;pm;tyfonfqkdaom t,ltqvufcHolwkdhrSm &dyfrdMu[ef rwlao;ay/ tusdK;<br />

taMumif; jyoí ajymqdkawmif;yefvQifvnf; ta&;r,l? tvGefaESmifUaES;pGm tcsdefqGJ xm;wwfonf/ rnfonfUtcgrQ<br />

NyD;qHk;atmif rvkyf? [kd[kd'D'D ajymqkdí MuufOwvHk;uGm vkyfxm;jcif;rQom jzpfacsonf/ pOfpm;vsuf½Sdao;onfqkdaom<br />

pum;udk tjrJoHk;vsuf½Sdonf/ tkdif,mveftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifU ywfoufí vGefcJhaom ESpf (300) rS ,cktxd pOf;pm;vsuf<br />

½Sdonf/ tdEd´,ta&;ESihf ywfoufí tESpf (30) ausmf ,cktxd pOf;pm;vsuf ½Sdonf/ a½Twd*Hkbk&m;ajrudk cHwyfukyf<br />

xm;&m ajymif;a½TY&ef ,ckwdkif pOf;pm;vsuf½Sdonf/ þonfwdkhudk axmufaomf wuúokdvfOya'Murf; jyifqifa&;udpö<br />

rSmvJ {uefrkcs tqHk;r½Sdoavmuf pOf;pm;tHk;rnfrSm ajrBuD;vufcwfrvGJ jzpfawmUonf/ 0dkiftrfbDatESifU ArmwjynfvHk;u<br />

tvDvDtvmvmrsm;pGm Oya'udk zsuf&efBudK;pm;cJUMuonf r[kwfygavm? em;axmifyg\avm? ta&;,lyg\avm}<br />

þuJhodkU xufjrufjywfom;aom tjrifrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;oydwfonf vlxk\ tm;ay;rIudk&cJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; tdrfrjyefawmhbJ oydwfarSmufMu&m &efukefNrdKUrdNrdKUztaygif;ESifh tdrfjyeftdrfpm;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;odap&ef armfawmfum;ESifh wNrKdUvHk;vSnfhvnfaMunm\/ odrfBuD;aps; aps;ol? aps;om;rsm;ESifh NrdKUa&m<br />

e,fyg jynfolwdkYu qef? qD? ig;yd? ig;ajcmufrSpí aiGaMu;ygrusef tultnDay;Mu\/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

bkef;BuD;rsm;u nwGif;csif; tdyf&m? acgif;tHk; xkwfay;\/ NrKdUrdNrKdUzESifhvlBuD;rsm;u apmif? arGU&mydkYay;\/ txl;ojzifh<br />

odrfBuD;aps; jrefrmh[dwukr®m&Dtoif;rS uGrf;½GJBuD; a':a':odef;onf tvGefpdwftm;xufoefpGm oludk,fwkdif aqmfMoí<br />

qeftdwf? qDyHk;wdkYudk vufwGef;vSnf;ay:txd wifay;onf/<br />

]'dkY Armausmif;om;awG xGufvmMuukefNyD? wkdif;jynftusdK;udkomonf onfydk;aqmif½Gufrnf/}<br />

]AmpDwD? AmpDwD}<br />

]oydwfarSmuf oydwfarSmuf}<br />

]jrefcGifrSm wdkif;a,mufsm; [JUvkdh? rcHcsif½Sm bGdKif;aumufom;awGrjzifU pGefhpm;cg? ½kef;nmwef;cJUordkh}<br />

þuJhodkY &efukefNrdKU e,l;bm;rm;yHkESdyfwdkufrS ½dkufESdyfay;onfh ydkpwmrsm;udk vefcsm;rsm;wGif uyfí vnf;<br />

aumif;? tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;om;awG ]]oydwfarSmufMuyg}} ]] trsdK;om;ynma&;udk tm;ay;Muyg}} [laom<br />

ydkpwmrsm; vdyf,lum "mwf&xm;pD;Muonf/ "mwf&xm;ay:a&mufrS ydkpwmrsm;udk jzefYa0Muonf/ odrfBuD;aps;rS<br />

OD;armifuav;? a':odef;wdkYu OD;aqmifí aps;olaps;om;rsm;u ig;ydaMumf? a*G;oD;rsm;udk A[ef;oydwfpcef;odkY<br />

ydkYMuavonf/ A[ef;&yfuGufrSm MuufysHruspnfum;aom a½TNrdKUav; jzpfvmcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udkbOD;\ BudK;yrf;rIaMumifh oydwfrSm wqifhwufvmEkdifayonf/ e,l;bm;rm;owif;pm t,f'DwmOD;bvdIif? vufyH<br />

wef; OD;vlBuD;? OD;xGef;oef;paom jrefrmowif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í oydwfarSmufausmif;om;aumifpDtzGJU½Hk;<br />

wnf½Sd&m A[ef;Z&yfrsufESmpmwGif ],leDAmpDwDoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY jyefMum;a&;Xme}[laom puúLqkdif;bkwf<br />

wcsyf csdwfqGJxm;onf/ oydwfarSmufaumifpD jyefMum;a&;XmezGifhí e,l;bm;rm;owif;pm? &efukefwdkif;owif;pm?<br />

&efukefa*Zufowif;pmrsm;wGif oydwfarSmufowif;ESifh tcef;rsm;yg½Sdvm&m t*Fvdyfpmwwf Armausmif;om;rsm;\<br />

ta&;tom;udk tHhMocsD;usL; rqHk;jzpfonf/<br />

(i) pdefayg [kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifvmjcif;<br />

&efukefaumvdyf aemifawmfBuD;rsm;onf ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk oydwfarSmufvdkufaom owif;onf<br />

wr[kwfcsif; pdefaygausmif;odkY owif;a&muf½Sdvmonf/ xdktcg udkwifhonf udkarmifarmif? udkav;armifwkdYESifh<br />

oGm;a&muf wkdifyifum ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;tm;vHk; tusÐ (2) xnf? vHkcsnf (2) xnfpD ,lí ausmif;*dwfaygufrS<br />

wqifh a½Twd*Hkbk&m;odkY csDwuf&ef jyifqifMuonf/ 6? 12? 1920 ckESpfwGif armif*dkrm&D ql;avbk&m;vrf;rS o&ufckESpf<br />

yifvrf; twdkif; A[ef;vrf;rBuD;rS a½Twd*HkapwDawmfodkY (2) a,mufwGJ csDwufMuonf/ xdkYaemuf pdefaygausmif;om;<br />

(150) ausmfonf "r®okcausmif;wkdufa½SU OD;em*dEáusmif;odkY 0ifMuavonf/ ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; aemifawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh<br />

ajymqdkaqG;aEG; Mo0g'cH,lMuonf/<br />

pdefaygausmif;om;rsm; udkwifh (acgif;aqmif)<br />

udkwif (tusdK;aqmif)<br />

tzGJU0ifrsm; udkarmifarmifBuD;<br />

udkeD<br />

udkav;armif<br />

tm;ay;ulnDolrsm; apmcGefwdkif (usKdif;wHkapmfbGm;om;)<br />

apmbkef;vl (usKdif;wHkapmfbGm;om;)<br />

(7) wef;? (10) wef;ausmif;om;rsm; vdkufyg oydwfarSmufjcif;<br />

aumvdyfausmif; (2) ausmif;rS ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;\ oydwfudk ArmwjynfvHk;½Sd [kdufpul; (7) wef;? (10)<br />

wef; ausmif;om;rsm;u olwdkYausmif;rsm;udk oydwfarSmufí xGufvmMu\/ olwdkY t,ltqrSm ,leDAmpDwDtuf<br />

Oya'onf aumvdyfausmif;rsm;odkY a&mufvmNyD; ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;udk rnfodkYrQ xdcdkufp&mr½Sday/ xdkausmif;om;BuD;<br />

wkdY\ oydwfarSmufjcif;onf olwdkY ausmif;om;i,frsm;ESifhwuG aemifvmaemufom; Armrsm;tzdkYomjzpf\/ olwdkYvnf;<br />

0ifa&muf ulnD&ef0wå&m;½Sd\/ olwdkY,lqrIrSm rSefonf/ &efukefaumvdyfESifh ,k'oefaumvdyf ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;<br />

tzdkYqdkvQif ,leDAmpDwDOya'onf rsm;pGmxdcdkufp&m r½Sd? bDat? bDtufpD (ac:) 0dZÆmtxufwef; ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;<br />

twGuf pmar;yGJusif;y&ef (3) vom vkdawmhonf/ pmar;yGJatmifvQif olwdkY ynmoifMum;a&; NyD;awmhrnf/ tjcm;<br />

ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;twGufvJ &efukefwuúodkvfOya' twnfjzpfaomfvJ ¤if;wuúokdvfOya'wGif yg0ifaom jy|mef;<br />

csufrsm;udk ½kwfw&uf wu,fwef; raqmif½GufEkdifao;ay/ aumvdyfausmif; wausmif;wnf; ½Sd&rnf[k qkd&mwGif<br />

,k'oefaumvdyfausmif;udk zsufypf&efESifh tm;vHk;aom aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;tjzpf aeEkdif&ef<br />

taqmuftOD aqmufvkyf&ef tvG,fwul rNyD;Ekdifao;ay/ tenf;qHk; (5) ESpfavmuf MumOD;rnfjzpfonf/ xdktcg<br />

aumvdyfausmif;rsm;wGif atmufqHk;wef;jzpfonfh odyÜHatmufwef; ausmif;om;rsm;rSm aemif (3) ESpfwGif 0dZÆmwef;udk<br />

atmifMuawmhrnf/ [dkufpul;zdkife,fac: (10) wef;atmifí t*FvdyfbmomESifh tjcm;bmomw&yfwGif xl;cRefpGm<br />

atmifjrif&rnfqdkaom jy|mef;csuf? (10) wef;txd atmifNyD; aumvdyfjyifqifrIwef;wGif wESpfae&rnfqdkaom jy|mef;<br />

csufwdkYrSm oydwfarSmufausmif;om;BuD;rsm;udk vHk;0rxdcdkufay/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;BuD;rsm;rSm wu,fh trsKd;cspf<br />

pdwfESifh wkdif;jynfvlrsKd;twGuf olwdkYynmoifMum;a&;ESifh aemifa&;udkyg tepfemcHMuonfrSm ,HkrSm;p&mr½Sday/<br />

olwdkY oydwfarSmufvkdufí Armrsm;\ pdwfxJwGifudef;atmif;aeaom rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwfrsm; tHk

14<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wGif a,mufsm; ntdyf (2000) ausmf½SdvmMuonf/ ausmif;olrsm;rSm oydwfarSmuf&mwGif yg0ifaomfvJ oydwfpcef;wGif<br />

vmraeay/ xdkYtwl rEÅav;? armfvNrdKif? ykodrf? jynfponfh tNrdKUNrdKUrS t*Fvdyfausmif;om;rsm;vnf; vkdufí<br />

oydwfarSmuf Muavonf/<br />

(p) rEåav;NrdKUoydwf<br />

rEÅav;NrdKUoydwfudk 'DZifbmv (10) &ufaeYrS pí armifbaomif; (aemif ocifbaomif;) acgif;aqmifí<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufap&ef vdkkufvHpnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfwuf

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z) awmif;qkdcsufay;ydkYjcif;ESifh ausmif;rwuf&efqHk;jzwfjcif;<br />

'DZifbmv (17-19) &ufaeYwGif oydwfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUu 'DZifbmv (4) &ufaeY tpnf;ta0;<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuf (2) t& tcsuf (16) csufyg awmif;qkdcsuf pmwapmifudk 'kwd,bk&ifcHxHokdY ydkYvdkuf&m atmufyg<br />

twkdif;jzpfonf/<br />

1/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm;vHk; ausmif;tdyf? ausmif;pm;jzpf&rnf[k owfrSwfxm;onfh<br />

twGuf qif;&Jaomausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tcuftcJjzpfojzifh xdktcsufudk y,fzsuf&ef/<br />

2/ wuúodkvfausmif;aecGifh&½SdEdkif&ef t*FvdyfbmomESifh tjcm;bmomw&yf xl;cRefpGm wwfajrmuf&rnf<br />

[laomtcsufrSm t*Fvdyfbmomonf rdrdtrsKd;om;bmom r[kwfonfh Armwkdif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh tdE´d,<br />

trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf cufcJrI½Sdojzifh xdktcsufudk y,fzsuf&ef/<br />

3/ wuúodkvfwGif tBudKoifwef; wESpfxm;½Sdjcif;rSm pmoifESpfydkrdkNyD; p&dwfydkrdkrsm;jym; vmrnfjzpfí xdk<br />

tcsufudk y,fzsuf&ef/<br />

4/ EIwfwdkufpmar;yGJxm;&ef rvdkívnf; xdktcsufudk y,fzsuf&ef/<br />

5/ bDat? bDtufpD*kPfxl;ESifhatmifrS trfat? trftufpDoifcGifh&rnf qkdaomtcsufudk y,fzsuf&ef/<br />

6/ *kPfxl;wef;oif,lvdkolrsm;onf pmar;yGJwBudrfwnf;om ajzqkdcGifhjyKxm;onfrSm Muyfwnf;vGef;<br />

ojzifh jyifqif owfrSwf&ef/<br />

7/ tdkifatatmifNyD; (3) ESpftwGif; *kPfxl;wef; ajzqdk&rnfqkdaom tcsufrSm Muyfwnf;vGef;vSí jyif<br />

qif&ef/<br />

8/ xdkenf;wl trfat? trftufpD*kPfxl;wef;rsm;twGuf tcsdefuefYowfay;xm;jcif;rSmvnf; roifh<br />

avsmfí y,fzsuf&ef/<br />

9/ trfat? trftufpD*kPfxl;wef;rsm;ü ESpfBudrf (odkY) aemufrSatmifjrifvQif xkdausmif;om;udk twef;vdkuf<br />

cGJjcm;í tatmifay;&ef/<br />

10/ bDtufpD½dk;½dk;bGJUESifh*kPfxl;wef;rsm;twGuf t*Fvdyfpm pmpDpmuHk;ajz&ef rvdktyf[k,lqonf/<br />

11/ wuúodkvfaumifpDESifh ygarmu©rsm;tzGJU? wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;ü vlrsKd; vlwef;pm;aygif;pHkESihf<br />

ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifEkdifa&;twGuf pnf;rsOf;Oya'jyifqif&ef/<br />

12/ trsm;pkqE´t& qHk;jzwfaqmif½Gufonfh pepfusifhoHk;aom þtcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif wuúodkvf ausmif;q&m<br />

rsm; cefYtyf&mü wOD;wnf;oabmrjzpfapbJ q&mrsm;tzGJUu a½G;cs,fcefYxm;&ef/ ('k-t"dywdudk,fpm;?<br />

t"dywdESifh wuúodkvfygarmu©rsm;udk t"dywdu rcefYbJ ygarmu©tzGJUuom a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef)<br />

13/ tjcm;wuúodkvfrsm;rSmuJhodkY pmar;yGJukd tpdwftydkif;xm;í ajzqdkcGifh&½Sd&ef/<br />

14/ Oya'twef;rsm;udk eHeufydkif;wGif oifMum;a&;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef/<br />

15/ wuúokdvfpmar;yGJrsm;wGif jyifyESifh tvGwfynmoif ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ajzqkdcGifhay;&ef/<br />

16/ txufyg awmif;qkdcsufrsm;udk ajyvnfatmif ajz½Sif;ray;orQ umvywfvHk; ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef<br />

wufrnf r[kwfygaMumif;/<br />

bOD;<br />

(Boycotters)<br />

(trIaqmiftzGJY)<br />

(oydwfarSmufausmif;om;? olrsm;udk,fpm;)<br />

xdkawmif;qkdcsufudk bOD;u vufrSwfa&;xdk;íbk&ifcHxHydkYvkdufonf/ xdkodkYydkY&jcif;rSm ynmrif;BuD; rpöwm<br />

ruf[ef;wm;u 'DZifbm? (23) &uf ausmif;jyefwuf&ef &mZoHay;jcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ txuf-atmuf Armjynf<br />

vHk;qkdif&m oydwfarSmufausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpnf;ta0;u ausmif;om;trnfrsm;udk ausmif;pm&if;rS<br />

y,fxkwf&ef pdefac:vdkufNyD; xkdawmif;qdkcsufudk ay;ydkYjcif;jzpfonf/ xdktcg 1921? Zefe0g&DvwGif aemufqHk;xm;<br />

í ausmif;jyefwuf&ef &mZoH xyfay;avonf/ xdkaeYrSmyif ausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;ta0; usif;yí &moufyef<br />

oydwfarSmufvdkufonf/ 1921? Zefe0g&Dv? (14) &ufaeYwGif tpdk;&u vdkufavsmay;onfjzpfap? ray;onfjzpfap<br />

15

16<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf vufatmufcH aumvdyfausmif;rsm;odkY b,fawmhrS jyefrwuf[k qHk;jzwfaMunmvkdufonf/ 'DZifbm<br />

v? (19) &ufaeY awmif;qkdcsuf (16) csufudk rvdkufavsmí 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif tpnf;ta0; usif;yum<br />

qHk;jzwfí 'DZifbmv (21) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; vufrSwfa&;xdk;í rdrdwkdY trnfrsm;udk ausmif;<br />

pm&if;rS y,fzsuf&ef wefjyefta&;qdkvdkufonf/ þqHk;jzwfcsuft& bDatwef;rS udkbOD;? ukdvlaz0if;? udk&mZwf<br />

tygt0if ausmif;om; (8) OD;? bDtufpDtxufwef;rS udkbdk;uGef; tygt0if ausmif;om; (30) OD;? bDatatmufwef;rS<br />

(28) OD;? bDtufpDatmufwef;rS (13) OD;? bDtufpDtxufwef;rS (86) OD;? tdkifatatmufwef;rS (37) OD;? tdkiftufpD<br />

atmufwef;rS (100) ausmfwdkYESifh wjynfvHk;½Sd (7) wef;? (10) wef;ausmif;rsm;rSvnf; tpdk;&ESifh tpdk;&taxmuftyhH<br />

cHausmif;rsm;udk &moufyef oydwfarSmufvdkufonf/<br />

xkdqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; t*Fvdyfvufxuf &efukefwuúodkvf vufatmufcHausmif;rsm;odkY ausmif;jyefrwuf<br />

aom ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;rSm (300) avmuf½Sd\/ (7) wef;? (10) wef; oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf;<br />

tajrmuftjrm;½Sdí oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkbOD;\ bDatbGJUrSm 1921 ck? Mo*kwfvwGif Armjynf<br />

trsKd;om;ynma&;aumifpDrS usif;yaom bDatpmar;yGJudk 0ifa&mufajzqkd atmifjrifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ xdktrsKd;om;<br />

ynma&;aumifpDrS&aom bDatbGJUudk vGwfvyfa&;&½SdNyD; 1952 wGif &efukefwuúodkvfu vufcH todtrSwfjyKcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdkcsufudk Armrsm;udk tvGeftxifao;aom bk&ifcHu wm0efrJh ausmif;om;wOD;<br />

wa,muf vufrSwfxkd;í wifoGif;aompmvTmudk vufcHpOf;pm;&ef jiif;qkdvkdufonf/ aemufrMumrD vufaxmufbk&if<br />

cH\ wdwfwqdwfpDpOfrIaMumifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qkdcsuftwdkif; armfvNrKdifNrKdUrS 0wfvHkawmf&<br />

OD;cspfvS tp½Sdaom yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;u vufrSwfxdk;NyD; epfemcsufrsm;udkjyKjyif&ef toem;cHpmwapmif wifoGif;\/<br />

xdktoem;cHpmudk vufaxmufbk&ifcHu vufcHpOf;pm;\/ odkh&mwGif taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum bmwckrQ rjyifay;acs/<br />

(ps) trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; trsKd;om;aumvdyfwnfaxmifMujcif;<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;aumifpDu 1921 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (11) &ufaeYü ]uREkfyfwkdhonf rsKd;apUcsxm;<br />

aomolrsm;} jzpfonf/ "We are the Sowers" [k acgif;pOfwyfum xkwfjyefaMujimcsufxJwGif trsKd;om;ynma&;<br />

aemufqHk; &nf½G,fcsufonf trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;ESifh ArmvlrsKd;wkdY\ t*FvdyfvufatmufrS vGwfajrmufa&;yifwnf;<br />

[k xkwfazmfxm;avonf/<br />

xYdktwl oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;aumifpD (University Boycotters Council) rS 1920 ck? 'DZifbm<br />

(24) &ufaeYü (National Education in Bahan) [k trsKd;om;ynma&; acgif;pOfwyfNyD; xkwfjyefvdkufonfh<br />

aMunmcsufwGif-<br />

1920 oydwf\ toD;tyGifUrsm;tjzpf jrefrmjynft&yf&yfwGif trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;ay:aygufcJU&m tBuD;qHk;jzpfaom &efukefNrdKY½Sd NrdKYrausmif;<br />

BuD;yHk<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

]trdArmjynfudkcspf&ef vlrsKd;\ ydkrdkt&ma&mufaom ta&;udpörsm;wGif udk,fusKd;ukdkjzKwfypfEkdif&efESifU aoaomf<br />

vnf; rdrdtrsKd;udk cspfaompdwfESifU aoEkdif&efwkdhonf A[ef;½Sd trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;\ [kef;[kef;awmuf &nf½G,f<br />

csufrsm;jzpfonf} [k xkwfazmfxm;cJhavonf/<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;aumifpDonf ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk jyifqifay;&ef qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;xH<br />

xdkodkU wifjyawmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; r&½Sdojzifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;tzdkY trsKd;om;aumvdyfESifh trsKd;om;<br />

ausmif;rsm; xlaxmif&efom ½Sdawmhonf/<br />

1920? 'DZifbmv (29) &ufaeYwGifjyKvkyfaom *sDpDbDattoif;csKyfBuD;u tpnf;ta0;w&yf jyKvkyfum<br />

wuúodkvfoydwfudpöudk wifjyaqG;aEG;í atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

1/ ArmEkdifiHt&yf&yfü trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpf&ef/<br />

2/ &efukefNrdKUü trsKd;om;wuúodkvfausmif;BuD; wausmif; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpf&ef/<br />

3/ toif;csKyfBuD;ESifh qufoG,fxm;aom toif;cGJrsm;u wnfaxmifxm;aom pmoifausmif;rsm;udkvnf;<br />

trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ&ef/<br />

4/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; pkaygif;tkyfcsKyf&ef vdktyfaom pDpOfñTefMum;csuf ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfEkdif&ef<br />

trsKd;om;ynma&;tzGJU zGJUpnf;&efwdkY ygavonf/<br />

¤if;qHk;jzwfcsuft& wcsdefwnf;rSmyif trsKd;om;ausmif;tjrKawrsm;udk tNrdKUNrdKUüyif oydwfarSmuf ausmif;<br />

om;BuD;rsm;\ apwemh0efxrf; tm;ay;jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? tNrKdUNrKdU½Sd 0HomEkBuD;rsm;\ apwemo'¨gw&m;rsm;udk<br />

cH,l&&SdrI taMumif;jyKí vnf;aumif; wr[kwfcsif; ysHUESHYay:xGufvmonf/ aEG&moDpmar;yGJrsm;trD ausmif;om;<br />

vli,frsm; qufvufynmoifMum;cGifh &½Sdvmonf/<br />

xdktrsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif aumvdyfoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;ESifh (7) wef;? (10) wef;rS oydwfarSmuf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u 0ifa&mufí q&mvkyfMu\/ xkdoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;onf rsKd;cspfpdwf tvGefjyif;xefí<br />

rnfonfht&yfrqdk jiif;y,fjcif;r½SdbJ xkdt&yf½SdtrsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif tenf;i,frQaom vcESifh q&m0ifvkyfMu\/<br />

NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;uvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk wwfEkdifonfh enf;jzifh ulnDonf/<br />

(n) 1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwf trsKd;om;a&;atmifjrifrIrsm;¨<br />

1/ G.C.B.A (*sDpDbDat) rS vlBuD;rsm;ESihf oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm; yl;aygif;í trsKd;om;ynma&;<br />

aumifpDudk atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

trsKd;om;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJY<br />

(1) OD;armifBuD; Ouú|<br />

(2) OD;armifarmiftkef;cdkif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(3) udkzdk;uGef; wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) udkbOD;<br />

(5) udkpdk;0if;<br />

(6) udkzdk;vwf<br />

(7) udkjrifh<br />

(8) udkzdk;usm;<br />

(9) udkjr (om,m0wD)<br />

(10) udkbcif<br />

(11) udkbdk;wuf<br />

(12) udkbvdIif (e,l;bm;rm;)<br />

(13) udkbav;<br />

(14) udkpdefb<br />

(15) udkoma½T (ykodrf)<br />

(16) udkyk (om,m0wD)<br />

(17) OD;bab<br />

17

18<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(18) OD;yk (a½Tusif)<br />

(19) OD;xGef;atmif<br />

(20) udkzdk;cdkif<br />

2/ 1921 ck? rwfvwGif ¤if;trsKd;om;ynma&;aumifpDu Muyfrwfí (7) wef;? (10) wef; pmar;yGJrsm;<br />

jyKvkyfay;onf/<br />

3/ Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif trsKd;om;ausmif;aygif; (150) zGifhvSpfEkdifcJhonf/ &efukefNrdKUwGif NrdKUrtrsKd;om;<br />

ausmif; xlaxmifa&;uddk OD;bdk;vwfu pwifwm0ef,lvkyfudkifcJhonf/<br />

4/ A[ef;? vdyfuefajrmufbuf Z&yfMum;wGif trsKd;om;ausmif;udk pwifzGifhvSpfay;cJhonf/ ¤if;aemuf<br />

ydktqifajyap&ef vrf;rawmf o&ufawmausmif;odkY ajymif;a½TUzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ ykZGefawmifESifh Munfhjrifwkdif trsKd;om;<br />

ausmif;rsm; qufvufzGifhvSpfí MunfhjrifwkdifwGif ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;zGifhcJhjyefonf/<br />

5/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; zGifhvSpf&mwGif ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\omrefynma&;udk t"duxm;cJhonf<br />

r[kwf/ t*FvdyfvufatmufuRefoabmuftjzpfrS vGwfajrmuf&ef &nf½G,fcJhonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;<br />

aumifpD (University Boycotters Council) rS (We are the Sowers) aMunmcsufudk MunfhvQifodEkdifonf/<br />

6/ ArmhrsKd;cspfpdwfay:vGifapaom ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;udk q&mvGef;? OD;zdk;usm;? OD;boef; (armfvNrdKif)<br />

wdkYu jyKpkjzefYcsdEdkifcJhonf/<br />

7/ t*FvdyfpmrSty tjcm;bmom&yfrsm;udk jrefrmbmomodkY jyefqdkí jzefYcsdEdkifcJhonf/<br />

8/ a½Twd*Hkbk&m;odkY wufa&mufolwdkif; zdeyfcRwf&rnfqdkaom pnf;urf;udk Armjynf½Sdt*Fvdyfrsm;u<br />

rvkdufemcJhacs/ odkYaomf yxraumvdyf ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfvmcsdefrSpí &efukefNrdKUodkYvmaom t*FvdyfygvDreftrwf<br />

rpöwm0uf*s0k'fwdkY ZeD;armifESHu ArmhxHk;pHudk av;pm;pGm zdeyfcRwfcJhonf/ a½Twd*Hkbk&m; zdeyfcRwfa&;jyóemrSm<br />

xdkZeD;armifESH\ erlemaMumifh ajyvnfNyD;pD;oGm;onf/<br />

9/ 1920 aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm; oydwfrwdkifrD ArmwdkYrSm t*FvdyfAsL½dku&uftpdk;&u pDrHjyKvkyfonfudk<br />

acgif;iHkYcHcJhMu&onf/ EkdifiHa&;Ekd;Mum;rIr½SdonfhtwGuf t*Fvdyftpdk;&ESifh,SOfNydKifum xdxda&mufa&muf ajymqdkcGifh<br />

½SdrSef; rodMuay/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufí xGufvmum t*Fvdyftpdk;&\ tjypftemtqmrsm;udk yGifhyGifh<br />

vif;vif; azmfxkwfí &J&Jawmuf qefYusif a[majymMuaomtcgrS aMomf- t*Fvdyftpdk;&udk þodkY ajymcGifh½Sdygvm;[k<br />

odvmMu\/ xkdodkY odvmMuonfESifh wNydKifeuf rsKd;cspfpdwfrsm; jyif;xefpGm aygufuGJvm\/<br />

10/ 1917 tdE´d,jynf½Sd b*Fvm;? bHkbdkif? r'&yf? yef*syfe,frsm;udk 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&; ay;aomtcg<br />

ArmjynfrSm tdEd´,ydkifjynfe,frsm;twGif; 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh rwefao;yg[kqkdNyD; ajymonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf<br />

bDatatmifol (400) rQ r½Sdao;íjzpfonf/ ,kwfnHhaom u&ufa'gufpDrHudef; (ac:) vufaxmufbk&ifcHa&;qGJonfh<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;udk ay;&ef&nf½G,fonf/ ArmwdkY vef'efodkU udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwfí 'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;ay;&ef awmif;qkd<br />

onfhtwGuf u&ufa'guf pDrHudef;tkyfcsKyfa&;udk qdkif;iHhxm;onf/ aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufí EdkifiHa&;<br />

Ekd;Mum;rI jzpfvmaomtcg 'dkiftmcDtvdkr½Sd? [kr®½l; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udkom tvdk½Sdonf[k [pfa

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

jzifh oifcGifh&Mu\/ aemufydkif;wGif trsKd;om;ausmif; (145) ausmif; jzpfvm\/<br />

13/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; ay:vmonfhtwGuf tcsdefwdkwdkESifh p&dwfusOf;usOf;? qif;&Jcsrf;omra½G; ynm<br />

oifMum;cGifh &\/<br />

14/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif Ak'¨bmomudk oifMum;cGifh&&m Ak'¨omoemrSmvnf; ydkrdkxGef;um;vm\/<br />

15/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;ü ausmif;om;rsm;udk Zmwdrmef? ZmwdaoG; wuf

20<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

NyD; ususee pkduf&ifawmh o&ufyif[m oD;rSmyJ/ 'Dawmh 'dkYtarG&xm;wJh owådudk jyKpkysdK;axmifzdkY vdkw,f/ tJ'Dowåd<br />

rsKd;aphrS ocifvkyfief; opfyifBuD; aygufap&r,f/ 'Dvkyffief;BuD;u (0g) 'Dvkyfief;BuD;wnf;[laom o&ufyifBuD;rS<br />

vGwfvyfa&;? ocifvlrsKd;jzpfa&;wnf;[laom o&ufoD;rsm; oD;ap&r,f/ tck q&mwdkY vkyfief;[m o&ufyifpdkufMu<br />

wJhvkyfief;? o&ufyifpdkufzdkY jzpfajrmufzdkY&m wdkYwm0efbJ wynfhwdkY/ wynfhwdkY[m Armrsm;jzpfí a½S;bdk;ab;? rdbrsm;xHrS<br />

owådpGrf;tm;udk tarG&xm;w,f/ 'DowådpGrf;&nfudk tvGJoHk;pm;rjyKMueJY/ q&mwdkY ArmjynfwGif yxrOD;qHk;aom<br />

omuD0ifrif;rsKd;rsm;u wdkif;jynfvlrsKd;udk wnfaxmifcJhMuw,f/ Armtp waumif;u qdkwJhpum;udk MunfhvQif<br />

odEkdifw,f/ waumif;rSm rif;quf (50)? oa&acwå&mrSm rif;quf (27)? yk*HwGif rif;aygif; (55) quf? yif;,wGif<br />

(6) quf? tif;0wGif (29) quf? awmifilwGif (35) quf? jynfwGif (17) quf? ukef;abmifwGif (13) qufrQ<br />

tqufrjywf wdkYArmbk&ifawG tkyfpkd;cJhw,f? ocFg&"r® urÇmYoabm avmu"Hw&m;t&? udef;cef;tvdkuf tcdkuftcg<br />

uHMur®mtavsmuf t*FvdyfwdkY&JU tvHatmufa&mufMu&aom acwfwGif 'dkYbdk;bGm;rdb vufxufu &cJhaom Armhowåd?<br />

ArmpGrf;&nfudk xufonfxuf xufatmif BuD;onfxuf BuD;atmif aqmif½GufMuyg}} [kajym&if; q&mBuD; rsufESm<br />

onf eDjref;vm\/ q&monf q&mudk,fq&m arhavNyD/ q&mYpdwfrS tqD;twm;r½Sdaom owåd? awmfvSefvdkpdwfrsm;<br />

xGufvm\/<br />

]]wynfhwdkY Zmwdrmefonf? tawmfyifn§Kd;EGrf;cJh\ igwdkYudk pdk;rdk;onfh rif;u igwdkY\ rsKd;cspf tñGefYuav;rsm;<br />

udk a&aEG;ylylESifh avmif;onf? uyfaus;ESifh n§yfonf? igwkdYtrsKd;onf uRefb0ü Mum½Snf ae&avatmif ¤if;wdkY<br />

MuHpnfBudK;ukwfaeonf/ onfvdktvkyfudk wm;qD;&ef igwdkYtm;vHk; wm0efjzpfw,f}}<br />

paom rdefY>rufaom pum;rsm;udk trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; Mum;emcJh&onf/<br />

trsKd;om;ynma&;aumifpDtzGJY Ouú| OD;armifBuD; (trfat) rdefhMum;csufudk MunfUrnfqdkvQifvJ<br />

]]Armjynftpdk;&eJY bdvyftpkdk;&u Armjynfudk olwdkYay;xm;wJh ynm[m uRefynmr[kwfbl;vkdY ajymw,f/<br />

ajAmifvdrf&m rusbl;vm; (y&dowf ausmif;om;rsm;u ½SufzG,f? ½SufzG,f ysuf&,fjyKMuonf/) olwdkY qifajcay;yHkudk<br />

em;axmifMuygtkH;/ olwdkYay;wJh ynm[m uRefynmqdk&if cifAsm;wdkYvdk wdkif;jynfacgif;aqmifr,fholawG ArmawG<br />

ocifawG ay:vmyghrvm;wJh/ ArmjynfrSm½SdwJh tckacgif;aqmifawG[m uREkfyfwdkYay;xm;wJh t*Fvdyfynm? txufwef;<br />

ynmwwfawG csnf;yJ r[kwfovm;? enf;vrf;usovm; (y&dowfESifh ausmif;om;rsm;u Ekd;Edk;[k atmfMujyefonf)/<br />

vHk;vHk;rusbl;? 'Dawmh usaemfwdkY jyefajymw,f? ig;uav;awG a&xJuq,fNyD; ukef;ay:wif&if trsm;aom ig;awG<br />

aor,f/ wcsKdU toufjyif;wJh ig;awGuawmh ½Sifaewmaygh/ 'DwcsKdU ig;awG ½Sifaeao;wmaMumifh a&xJu ig;rsm;udk<br />

ukef;ay:wif&if ig;awG touf½Sifw,fvdkY qdkwJh enf;vrf;rSefw,fvdkY qdk&rSmvm;/ toufjyif;wJhig;udkom csD;rGrf;zdkY<br />

aumif;ygw,f/ ig;awGudk a&xJuwifwm enf;rSefw,fvdkY rqdk&ygbl;/ 'DvdkyJ rsm;pGmaom ArmawG uRefjzpfatmif<br />

vkyfay;wJh ynma&;pepfudk enf;rSefw,fvdkY rqdk&ygbl;? uRefynm&aomfvnf; ArmawG ocifjzpfatmif aqmif½Gufae<br />

wJh acgif;aqmifawGudkom toufjyif;wJh ig;vkdyJ ¤if;wkdYtm; csD;rGrf;&r,fvdkY}} ajymcJhonf/<br />

(#) trsKd;om;aeYowfrSwfjcif;<br />

1922 ck? ZGefv (17) &uf (1282 ck? e,kefvjynfhausmf 8 &uf) wGif &efukefNrdKU a½Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;<br />

*sLAvDa[m½HkBuD;ü G.C.B.A (*sDpDbDat) A[kdtoif;csKyf tpnf;ta0; xyfrHjyKvkyfonf/ xdkaeYü 1924 ck?<br />

atmufwkdbm (24) &uf rEÅav;ü jyKvkyfaom G.C.B.A e0rajrmuf uGefz&ifhBuD;u trsKd;om;aeY (National<br />

Day) &uf w&uf owfrSwf&efudk aqG;aEG;&mwGif qHk;jzwfxm;onfudk qufvufaqG;aEG;Muonf/<br />

(1) oDaygrif;udk t*FvdyfwkdY ac:aqmifoGm;aom&uf?<br />

(2) t½SifOD;Owårudk,fawmfBuD; axmifusaom&uf?<br />

(3) aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufaom&uf?<br />

þ (3) &ufudk tjrJwrf;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifaomolwdkYu rdrdqE´½Sd&m toD;oD; n§dEdIif;Mu&m rNyD;rjywf<br />

jzpfaeonf/ uefBuD;a'gifhNrdKUrS OD;baomif; wifoGif;í OD;bpdefu axmufcHNyD; acgif;aqmifrsm;uvnf; vdkvm;onfh<br />

rnfonhfaeYudk owfrSwfMurnfudk wkdifyifaqG;aEG;&m oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif OD;jrifhu ygawmfrlaomaeY<br />

ESifh axmifusaomaeYrSm tusudpö? tpkefudpöjzpfonf/ ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk oydwfarSmufaomaeYrSm twufudpö

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tqefudpöjzpfí 'DaeYudk trsKd;om;aeY owfrSwfoifhaMumif; tqdkwifoGif;vdkufonf/ þtcsdef rwdkifrDuyif oydwf<br />

arSmuf aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm;onf pwifoydwfarSmufaom 1282? wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10) &ufudk<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;aeY[k owfrSwfNyD; jzpfonf/<br />

xdkodkY rNyD;rjywfí tjrJwrf;aumfrwDonf trsm;pkoabmxm;udk &,lpkpnf;NyD; A[dktoif;csKyf tpnf;ta0;<br />

odkY atmufygtwdkif; wifjyonf/<br />

(u) trsKd;om;aeYudk w&ufwnf; owfrSwfvkdygu aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufaomaeY<br />

wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf (10) &ufudk owfrSwf&ef/<br />

(c) trsKd;om;aeYudk w&ufxufydkí owfrSwfvkdygu oDaygrif;udk t*FvdyfwkdY ac:aqmifoGm;onfh<br />

wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (8) &ufrS vjynfhausmf (10) &uftxd (3) &uf owfrSwf&ef/<br />

xdktpnf;ta0;wGif OD;jrifh (ae½Sife,f OD;jrifh) u trsKd;om;aeYudk aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufaeY<br />

udk owfrSwf&ef tqdkwifoGif;í uGrf;jcHukef;ESifh ewfwvif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u axmufcH aqG;aEG;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh<br />

wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf (10) &ufudk trsKd;om;aeYtjzpf *sDpDbDat 0HomEkA[dktoif;csKyfBuD;u jyXmef;owfrSwfvdkuf<br />

onf/ þaeYonfyifvQif ausmif;om;rsm; NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtkyfcsKyfa&;udk NAdwdoQwdkYvufatmuf a&mufcJhNyD;aemuf<br />

ArmEkdifiHwGif yxrqHk;BuD;rm;pGm wGef;vSefqefYusifcJhaomaMumifh ausmif;om;wdkY\ owdå? pGrf;&nf? trsKd;om;Zmwd<br />

rmefudk &J0Hhxkwfazmfí NAdwdoQwdkY wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;cJh&aom aeYBuD;waeU jzpfonf/ ArmwrsKd;om;vHk; ausmif;om;wdkY<br />

OD;aqmif qefYusifrIaMumifh EkdifiHa&;Ekd;Mum;rI? olYuRefrcHpdwf"mwfrsm; jyefvnfay:xGef;vmaom aeYwaeYjzpfonf/<br />

þaeYudk NAdwdoQwdkY\ pdwfykwf? pdwf,kwf? pdwfrdkuf? pdwfysif;wdkYudk csKd;zJhESdrfeif; atmifjrifaomaeY tjzpf ]trsKd;om;<br />

atmifyGJaeh}[k ac:Muavonf/<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)<br />

OD;bOD;\ 1920 oydwfESifh trsKd;om;aehjzpfay:vmyHktusOf; vufa&;rlMurf;<br />

21

(tay:) 1920<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;<br />

wnf;cdkaeMuaom<br />

A[ef;Mum;awm&vrf;<br />

OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkuf twGif;½Sd<br />

Z&yfwck<br />

(tv,f) 1282 ckESpf (1920)<br />

ausmif;om;oydwfwGif toHk;jyKcJUaom<br />

a'gif;tvH (ua'gif;)<br />

(atmuf)<br />

1920 jynfUESpf aumvdyf<br />

oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

aumifpDXmecsKyf jyKvkyfcJU&m<br />

a':MuKwfZ&yf<br />

22<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)<br />

'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd<br />

trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;<br />

jrefrmpmuxdu<br />

1920 udkvdkeDacwfOD; oydwfarSmufaumifpD0if - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(yxrwef;- 0JrS,m)<br />

OD;bOD;<br />

OD;aunDydwf<br />

OD;zdk;uGef;<br />

OD;atmif'if<br />

('kwd,wef;- 0JrS,m)<br />

ocifjr<br />

trsKd;om;ynm0ef OD;zdk;usm;<br />

OD;bausmf<br />

(wwd,wef;- 0JrS,m)<br />

OD;at;<br />

rpöwmqif;<br />

OD;vlaz0if; (jrefrmpmygarmu©)<br />

(pwkw¦wef;- 0JrS,m)<br />

ae½Sife,fOD;jrifh<br />

OD;zdk;vwf<br />

ol&d,OD;xGef;az<br />

1920 jynfUESpf ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;udk<br />

acgif;aqmifcJUMuaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif<br />

(26) OD; teufrS pkaqmif;&½SdorQaom<br />

"gwfyHk½Sif (13) OD;\ yHkrsm;udk txufwGif<br />

azmfjyxm;ygonf/<br />

OD;bOD;- jynfNrdKY trsKd;om;ausmif;? ausmif;tkyfBuD;/<br />

ae½Sife,fOD;jrifU- trsKd;om;aehjzpfajrmufa&; tqdkwifoGif;ol/<br />

OD;zdk;vwf- &efukeftrsKd;om;ausmif;udk xlaxmif&ef wm0ef,lcJhol/<br />

OD;zdk;uGef;- AdkvfrSL;zdk;uGef;/<br />

ocifjr- trsKd;om;ausmif;q&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJUNyD;? wdkhArmtpnf;t½Hk;<br />

wnfaxmifaomtcg ocifjrjzpfvmonf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;? 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd<br />

wdkhESifhtwl 19? 7? 1947 wGif vkyfBuHcH&onf/<br />

23

24<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufNyD;aemuf oHk;&uftMum 1920 'DZifbm (8) &ufaehwGif wdkif;jynfodkh<br />

xkwfjyefcJUonfU oydwfarSmufaumifpD\ aMunmcsuf (jrefrmjyefqdkcsuf wzufpmrsufESmwGif MunfUyg/)<br />

Source: RU History (Diamond Jubilee)

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;odkh<br />

1920 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (8) &uf<br />

]]&efukefaumvdyfESifh ,k'oefaumvdyf½Sd uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;<br />

tm;vHk;wdkYonf tqkH;ü b,fvdkjzpfrnfudk aocsmrod&aom udpöwck<br />

udk pwifjyKvkyfMuygonf/ odkY&mwGif uRefawmfwdkYonf w&m;enf;<br />

vrf; rSefuefaMumif;udk aumif;rGefcdkifjrJpGm od½Sd&ygonf/ uRefawmf<br />

wdkYonf wwdkif;jynfvHk; uRefwGif;u rnfonfhtcgrS rvGwfruif;rnfh<br />

AsL½kdu&ufwdkY\ odyÜHausmif;Oya'udk xkacszsufqD;&ef tMuH½Sdyg<br />

onf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf wdkif;oljynfom;wkdY\ pdwftm;xufoefaom<br />

tultnDtm;jzifh vli,frsm;wdkYu ckcHNzdKzsufjcif;rsm;rSwyg; tjcm;<br />

aomenf;jzifh wdkif;jynfudk u,fq,fzdkY&m enf;vrf; r½SdNyD[k ,HkMunf<br />

yg\/ uRefawmfwdkYonf jrefrmEkdifiH½Sd vltrsm;wdkY\ ynmtqD<br />

tESpfESifh jynfhpHkaom ausmif;om;rsm; jzpfrnfudk &nfoefí ulnD<br />

apmifrzdkY&ef awmif;yefajymMum;ygonf/ uRefawmfwdkY pdwfxJJü pGJjrJpGm<br />

,HkMunfaom þvkyf&yfBuD;onf wdkif;jynfü vdktyfaom tcsufBuD;<br />

wckudk xkwfazmf ajymqdkjcif;yif rnfygonf/ (þum;tjcm;r[kwf<br />

trsKd;om;odyÜHBuD; aywnf;/) xdkausmif;BuD;rSm jrefrmEkdifiH\<br />

om;orD;rsm;ESifh oifhavsmfaom ynm&yfrsm;udk &Ekdifay&monf/<br />

tdEd´,EkdifiHü trsKd;om;ausmif;awG tvdktavsmuf ay:aygufvm<br />

Muay&m jrefrmEkdifiHuvnf; aemufrus&atmif jrefrmwdkYonf<br />

EkdifiHom;ppfí cspfcJhygvQif b,feHa&mtcgrQ rwnfaxmifEkdifyJ ½Sdvdrfh<br />

rnf r[kwfyg/ pdwfygvufygvkyfvQif rkcsjzpfygvdrfhrnf/}}<br />

25

26<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;oydwfukd axmufcHa&;om;cJUaom 1920 jynfUESpf? 'DZifbmv (11) &ufaehxkwf ynUmtvif;owif;pm acgif;BuD;ydkif;<br />

(wzufpmrsufESmwGif jyefvnf azmfjyay;xm;onf/)<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &efukef,leDAmpDwD odyÜHausmif;awmfBuD;udk MuOfa½Smifjcif;taMumif;<br />

BOYCOTT OF UNIVERSITY<br />

vGefcJhaom rsm;rMumrDtcgu? uRefyfwdkY jrefrmjynfbGm; wdkif;&if;om;taygif;wdkYu tpnf;ta0;BuD;rsm;<br />

jyKvkyfusif;yí &efukef,leDAmpDwD odyÜHausmif;awmfBuD;\ Oya'rsm;udk oabmrus rESpfoufEkdifaMumif;udk<br />

uefYuGufajymqdkMuonfhtjyif OD;vSazpaom rif;wdkifyif trwfrsm;uvnf; twnfhtvif; xkwfazmfajymqdk<br />

uefYuGufcJhMuonf jzpfaMumif;/<br />

xdkuJhodkU uRefyfwdkY jrefrmjynfbGm; wdkif;&if;om;wdkYu uefYuGufMuaomfvnf; tpdk;&rif;wdkYonf ta&;,lí<br />

jyKjyifajymif;vJay;jcif;udk rjyKvkyfbJ ,ck 'DZifbmv (1) &ufaeYu ¤if;,leDAmpDDwD odyÜHausmif;awmfBuD;\<br />

trsKd;om;wdkY rESpfoufaom Oya'udk twnfjyKvdkufaMumif;udk xkwfjyefaMujimcJh&m wdkif;oljynfom;taygif;wdkY<br />

onf rsm;pGmyif 0rf;enf;aMuuGJvsuf aeMuonfh twGif;rSm &efukefaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh *syfqifaumvdyf<br />

ausmif;om;taygif;onfvnf; ¤if;Oya' twnfjyKvkyfvmonfhtwGuf wnDwñGwfwnf; pnf;a0;wdkifyif<br />

MuNyD;vQif ,ck Oya'twdkif; twnfjzpfoGm;cJhygvQif odyÜHausmif;awmfMuD;ü ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhwuG trsKd;om;<br />

wdkY\ tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;onf vGefpGmepfemjcif;rsm;udk rjzpfMuap&ef vGefcJhaom wevFmaeYu pí ausmif;om;<br />

aygif;rsm;pGmwdkYonf ausmif;rwufbJ aecJhMuavonf/<br />

xdkuJhodkY &efukef,leDAmpDwD odyÜHausmif;awmfBuD;\ Oya'twdkif; ausmif;om;rsm;aomfrS vdkufemoifMum;<br />

vdkaompdwf tvsOf;uif;rJhaMumif;udk tpdk;&rif;wdkYonf ,cktcg aumif;pGmxif½Sm; odomvmNyD jzpfaMumif;<br />

odkYjzpfí jrefrmtrsKd;om;taygif;wdkY rESpfoufaom Oya'rsm;udk twnfjyK&mü tcsnf;ESD; tv[ó jzpfaom<br />

aMumifh ESpfoufí vdkufemaqmif½GufMurnfjzpfaom Oya'udk topfwzef jyKjyifpDrHay;vdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunf<br />

ayaMumif;/<br />

,cktcg &efukef,leDAmpDwD Oya'udkyif rBudKufrESpfoufMuonfhtwGuf ,ckuJhodkU tjzpftysufrsm;udk<br />

vufiif;'d|awGUMuHKae&NyDudk axmufqaomtm;jzifh xdkYxufrsm;pGm ta&;BuD;aom jrefrmjynf jyKjyifajymif;vJ<br />

a&;udk ay;&mü tu,fí jrefrmtrsKd;om;taygif;wdkY rESpfoufaom qm&,f*sDe,fu&ufa'guf puif;udk<br />

twnfrsm;jyKcJhygvQif 0rf;enf;aMuuGJp&mBuD;rsm;ESifh awGUMuHKMu&vdrfhtkef;rnfvm; [lí awG;awm pdk;&drfvsufyif<br />

½Sd&ayonf/ odkYjzpfí uRefyfwdkY udk,fpm;vS,fBuD;rsm; awmif;qdkonfhtwdkif; txuftpdk;&BuD;rsm;u tu,fí<br />

ay;vmcJhygrl? atmuftpdk;&wdkYu uefYuGufaESmuf,Sufjcif; jyKvkyf&ef tvsOf;yif roifhravQmf jzpfayaMumif;/<br />

¤if;&efukefaumvdyfESifh *syfqifaumvdyf ausmif;om;taygif;wdkY ausmif;rwufbJ raeMujyD;tcg tvHkul½Sif<br />

[dkufpul;ausmif; Ak'¨bmom jrefrmtrsKd;om; ausmif;om;uav;wdkY\ pdwfysuf&yHk taMumif;t&mrsm;udk<br />

aocsmpGm awG;awmMunfhvdkuf jyefyguvnf; wrsKd; 0rf;enf;bG,fBuD;yif jzpf&jyefaMumif;/<br />

¤if;ul½Sif [kdufpul;ausmif;om;rsm; ynmoifMum;&onfrSmvnf; t*Fvdyfpmudkom oifMum;&onf r[kwfbJ<br />

Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmfBuD;ESifh qefYusifonfh c&pf,mefusrf;pmudk oifapjcif; c&pf,mefw&m;udk em&jcif;rsm;udk<br />

jyKvkyfMu&onfhtwGuf ynmEke,fi,f½G,faom uav;vli,frsm;udk rdrdwdkYbmom ouf0if,HkMunf&ef?<br />

zsm;a,mif; aoG;aqmifjcif; jzpfonf[k qdk&ayvdrfhrnf/ xdkuJhodkY aoG;aqmif jyKvkyfojzifhvnf; ynmEke,faom<br />

uav;tcsKdUonf c&pf,mef t,l0g'bufodkY vdkufygoGm;MuonfrSmvnf; rsm;pGmyif 0rf;enf;bG,fBuD; wck<br />

jzpfayawmhonf/<br />

xdkuJhodkY jzpf&jcif;taMumif;rsm;udk aocsmpGmpOf;pm;ygu Ak'¨bmom jrefrmtrsKd;om;uav;wdkY\ bmoma&;ü<br />

qHk;½IH;&onfh tcsufrsm;udk uGufuGufuGif;uGif; xif½Sm;pGm od½SdMuayjyD/ xdkuJhodkY trsKd;om;rsm; epfem&jcif;<br />

taMumif;&if;udk pdppfvdkufvQifvnf; jrefrmtrsKd;om; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfxm;aom Ak'¨bmom [dkufpul;<br />

ausmif;rsm; r½Sdjcif;aMumifhyif jzpf&onf[kqdkvQif vGJEkdifrnf r[kwfacs/<br />

odkYjzpfí ,ckta&;onf &efukefjrdKU&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;taygif;wdkYESifhwuG toif;BuD; toif;i,fwdkY\<br />

tay:odkY txl;ojzifh wm0efusa&mufvmNyD jzpfaomaMumifh &efukefNrdKUwGif Ak'¨bmom [dkufpul;ausmif;BuD;<br />

waqmif tjrefjzpfajrmufatmif tm;xkwfoifhMuygaMumif;/<br />

27

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(0J) 1282 ckESpf xkwfa0aom trsKd;om;ynma&;r*¾Zif;ü wuúodkvfOya'udk ½kyfajymifjzifU<br />

þodkh ceJhcJUonf<br />

(,m) 1922 ck? ZGefvwGif &efukefNrdKY ü usif;yaom *sDpDbDat tpnf;ta0;BuD;u 1920<br />

ausmif;om;oydwf jzpfyGm;cJhonfUaeh wefaqmifrkef;vjynfUausmf (10) &ufaehudk<br />

trsKd;om;atmifyJGaehtjzpf owfrSwfvdkufonfU owif;udkazmfjyay;aom jrefrmUtvif;<br />

owif;pm tcsyfydk<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)<br />

28

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(tay:) 1921 ckESpfu ygarmu© q&mrIdif;? uxdu 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdwdkh yg0ifxlaxmifaom A[ef;aumvdyf tzJGY0ifrsm;? q&mrsm;<br />

(atmuf) OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkufrS trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif; 1924 ckESpf aemufqHk;usef½Sdaom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifU q&mrsm;<br />

'kwd,wef; xdkifvsuf? 0JrS,m- 'D;'kwfOD;bcsdK (5 a,mufajrmuf)? rpöwmarmifrIdif; (ac:) q&mvGef; (6 a,mufajrmuf)<br />

29

(tay: 0J) trsKd;om;aumvdyfrS<br />

apwemU0efxrf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

ygarmu©q&mBuD;OD;vGef;<br />

(ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;)<br />

(tay: ,m) 19? 12? 1923 u<br />

zGifhvSpfcJhaom<br />

A[ef;Mum;awm&vrf;<br />

OD;t&d,ausmif;wdkufrS<br />

trsKd;om;aumvdyfausmif;ae&m<br />

(atmuf) NrdKYr trsKd;orD;<br />

txufwef;ausmif; q&mrrsm;<br />

(1921 ckESpf)<br />

30<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: File photo; National Day (Golden Jubilee)

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1282 ckESpf (1920) oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif OD;bOD;\ vufa&;rl rSwfwrf;<br />

31

32<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(21) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aehtwGuf trsKd;om;aehaumfrwDu a

udkvdkeDacwfOD; - 1918 rS 1921 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1971 ckESp?f (50) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh a½T&wkobif txdrf;trSwf awGYqHkyJGodkhwufa&mufcJUMuaom 1920 ausmif;om;oydwf ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;<br />

a½SYwef;^xdkifvsuf (0JrS,m)- Ouú| OD;vlaz0if;? OD;odrf;armif? em,u OD;bab? qmarmifBuD;? OD;atmifZHa0<br />

33<br />

Source: National Day (Golden Jubilee)

34<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(50) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh a½T&wkobif txdrf;trSwf jyu©'def<br />

Source: Unknown

udkvdkeDacwfv,f - 1922 rS 1930 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) 1922-23 wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tajctae<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;BuD;\ taxGaxGtajctaerSm wdk;wufrIbmrQr½Sd? xkdif;xkdif;rIdif;rIdif;ESifh usqif;&efbufodkY<br />

,drf;,dkifpjyKaeonf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkif; tvGefpdwfyg0ifpm;pGm tm;ay;onfh abmvHk;toif;rSmyif tvGef<br />

qkkwf,kwfpjyKaeonf/ ausmif;om;ausmif;olwkdY\ pdwf"mwfrSmvnf; wufwuf

36<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

¤if;toif; rSm 1931 ckESpf txd BuD;yGm;a&;r*¾Zif;udk xkwfa0cJhonf/ tjcm; pmtkyftoif;rsm;ESihfvnf; qufoG,frIjyK<br />

um pmzwfcef;rsm; wnfaxmifcJhonf/<br />

(*) ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mvli,ftzGJUcsKyfESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

1930 ckESpf tapmydkif;umvrsm;ü trsKd;om;a&;wGif [dkufpul;ESifh wuúodkvf? aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

pdwftm;xufoefpGm yg0ifvmMuonf/ ]ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mvli,frsm;tzGJYcsKyf} (ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mvli,frsm;toif;[k<br />

tp yxrydkif;wGif ac:onf) wnfaxmif&mwGif ausmif;om;trsm;pk yg0ifvmMuonf/<br />

¤if;tzGJUudk 1930 tapmydkif;ü wnfaxmifcJh&m-<br />

(1) q&mwif - Ouú| (NrdKUrtrsdK;om;ausmif;tkyfBuD;)<br />

(2) udkxGef;xGef; - 'k-Ouú| (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(3) udkbaomif; - 'k-Ouú| (aumvdyfausmif;om;) (wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk; pwifwnfaxmifol)<br />

(4) udkEk - tusKd;aqmifwGJbuf (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(5) udkApdef - tusKd;aqmif wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL; (,k'oefaumvdyfausmif;om;) (ocifApdef)<br />

(6) udkcefY - pm&if;ppf(aumvdyfausmif;om; OD;oefYtudk)<br />

(7) udkpdef - aiGxdef; (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(8) udktkef; (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(9) udkav;armif (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(10) udkbwif (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(11) udkkoD[ef (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(12) udkpHodrf; (aumvdyfausmif;om;)<br />

(13) q&m[def (NrdKUrtrsdK;om;ausmif;q&m)<br />

-wkdY yg0ifzGJYpnf;cJhonf/<br />

¤if;toif;BuD;onf 1931 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (29) &uf? 1293 ckESpf? 0gqkdvqef; (15) &ufaeYwGif a½Twd*Hk<br />

bk&m; pwk'domZ&yfü pkpnf;í EkdifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&ufraomufa&;udk vdkufvHpnf;½Hk;cJhonf/<br />

¤if;wkdYrSm 1931 ZGefvwGif a½Twd*Hkbk&m;½Sd pwk'domZ&yfüjyKvkyfaom tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsuft& EkdifiH\<br />

pD;yGm;a&;? EkdifiHa&;udpö&yfrsm;wGif trsKd;om;a&;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; jzpfay:&ef vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

(C) EkdifiHjcm;jzpfpD;u&ufraomufa&;vIHUaqmfrIESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

¤if;toif;onf Zlvdkifv (29) &ufü a½Twd*Hkbk&m;apwDawmfodkY wufí &ifjyifatmufü aq;vdyfaomuf<br />

olrsm;tm; tvSLcHí EdkifiHjcm;jzpf aq;vdyfraomuf&efudk vnf;aumif;? vufbuf&nfqdkifrsm;ü ArmtrsKd;om;rsm;<br />

aq;vdyfaomufaeonfudk 0ifa&muf awmif;yefívnf;aumif;? ArmvlrsKd;rsm; EkdifiHjcm;pD;u&uf raomufa&;twGuf<br />

awmif;yefí tvSLcHMuonf/ xdktcg ArmtrsKd;om;^orD;rsm;uvnf; 0rf;omtm;&vdkvm;pGm EdkifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&uf<br />

raomuf&ef tvSLcHrIudk vufcHMuonf/ xdkodkY vdkufvHawmif;yefMuolrsm;wGif Ouú| OD;wif? udkApdef? udkwifvwf?<br />

udkvSaz? (tm;vHk;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;) ESifh udkxGef;pdef? udkwifOD;? udkwifñGefY? udkcspfwD; (xGef;vDa&mif)?<br />

udkarmifodef;ESihf tjcm; (2) OD; yg0ifcJhavonf/ þuJhodkY ZlvdkifvrS pufwifbmvtxd EkdifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&uf<br />

raomufa&; twGuf ausmif;om;rsm;u vli,frsm;ESifh vufwGJí vIyf½Sm;cJhMuonf/ þonfum; ArmEkdifiHordkif;\<br />

ausmif;om;? vli,f yl;aygif;vIyf½Sm;rI yxrOD;qHk; jzpfonf/<br />

(i) EkdifiHjcm;jzpft0wftxnfqefYusifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

1930-31 pmoifESpfwGif aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;\ e,fcsJUtarGcH 0wfpm;qif,ifrIjzpfonfh ydk;tusÐ?<br />

rmzvm? t*Fvdyfbdeyf? a½Tem&D? wkwfaumufESifh aq;wHwdkYudk trsKd;om;a&;toGifjzifh ajymif;vJ0wfqif&ef<br />

aumvdyfausmif;om; udkEk? udkxGef;pdef? udk[defwdkYtkyfpkonf vdkufvHEdI;aqmfvmMuonf/ EkdifiHjcm;jzpf pD;u&ufvHk;0

udkvdkeDacwfv,f - 1922 rS 1930 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

raomufa&;? EkdifiHjcm;jzpfydk;zJ? uwåDygt0wfrsm;tm;vHk; oydwfarSmufNyD; yifeDESifh a,mvHkcsnfudk OD;pm;ay;0wfqif&ef<br />

acgif;u bkdauudk uwHk;wHk;NyD; ¤if;wdkY udk,fwkdifu yifeDwkdufyHktusÐESifh a,mykqdk;om 0wfqifMuonf/<br />

trsKd;orD;rsm; tusÐyg; r0wfa&;? aygif'grsufESmacs roHk;&efESifh yifeDtusÐ0wfí n§yfbdeyfpD;Mu&ef?<br />

ykodrfxD; aqmif;Mu&efwdkYudk udkEk? udkxGef;pdef? udkApdef? udk[defwdkY tkyfpku vdkufvHEdI;aqmfavonf/ þodkYjzifh Arm<br />

jzpf toHkk;taqmifudkom tm;ay;&ef tm;oGefcGefpkduf vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh vnf;aumif;? EkdifiHjcm;jzpf oydwfarSmufa&;rSm<br />

ausmif;om; vli,fxk\ wuf

38<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

t"du½kPf; (ukvm;-Arm t"du½kPf;) udk taMumif;jyKí wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk; aMujimcsufudk xkwfa0vdkufonf/<br />

¤if;aMujimcsufwGif aoqHk;aomolrsm;pm&if;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;ESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;pdwf"mwfrsm; jyefvnf½Sifoefvm<br />

ap&eftwGuf &nf½G,fí xdkaeY 1930 arv (30) &ufaeYrSmyif ]wdkhArmtpnf;t½Hk;} udk wnfaxmifcJhonf/ xdkaMunm<br />

pmwrf;wGif ocifbaomif;? wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;? jcHtrSwf (33)? a&wm½Snfvrf;? A[ef;NrdKUe,f[k azmfjyxm;onf/<br />

¤if;aMujimcsufüwkdYArmpmwrf;<br />

Armjynfonf - 'kdYjynf<br />

Armpmonf - 'dkYpm<br />

Armpmonf - 'dkYpum;<br />

Armjynfudk - cspfyg<br />

Armpmudk - csD;jr§ifhyg<br />

Armpum;udk - av;pm;yg<br />

-[kazmfjyxm;onf/<br />

wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;[k qkd&mü wdkYArmjynfxJü½Sdaom vlrsKd;tm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh t"dyÜg,f azmfaqmif<br />

jcif; txdrf;trSwf jzpfonf/ jrefrm[laom pum;rSm ]jrefonf? rmonf}[laom t"dyÜg,faqmifaomfvnf; ESmoHygí<br />

abmifusOf;onf/ tm;enf;onf/ ½Srf;? u&if? ucsif? rGef? &cdkif? yavmif? awmifol? qvHk? em*? jrefrmpaom Arm<br />

wkdif;&if;om; tm;vHk;udk jcHKiHkrdap&ef Arm[laom pum;vHk;udk a½G;onf/ bukef;ESifh ]brm} [kra&;bJ ]A} vcsKduf<br />

ESifh a&;jcif;rSmvnf; ]b}onf &Hzef&Hcg ]A}oHxGufojzifh pdwfrcs&í ]A}vcsKdufESifh ]Arm}[k a&;jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m wdkhArmtpnf;½Hk; trIaqmifrsm;tpnf;ta0;yJG rSwfwrf;"gwfyHk (ckESpf rod&)<br />

Source: Tamadaw History (Vol-1)

udkvdkeDacwfv,f - 1922 rS 1930 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z) cGyfa'gif;tp &Jwyfu? wyfrawmftp ausmif;om;u<br />

1930 jynfh? ZGefv (15) &ufwGif wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;rS udkvSabmf (ocifvSabmf) OD;aqmifNyD; ausmif;om;<br />

vli,f (25) OD;onf-<br />

&efrvdkvsif &efydkonf<br />

&efvdkrS &efNydKonf<br />

-[laom pmwrf;aMunmcsuf trSwf (1) xGufNyD;aemuf wdkYArmocifrsm;\ 'dkYArm&Jwyf zGJUpnf;&efvdkvm;<br />

aom qE´jyyGJudk a½Twd*HkapwDawmf awmifbufrk'frS qif; a'gif;tvHBuD;a½SUqHk;rS vTifhxlum AdkvfwaxmifuGif;odkY<br />

ppfa&;jy csDwufouJhodkY csDwufNyD; ]'dkhArm&Jwyf} (Yetat) udk pwifzGJUpnf;cJhonf/ csDwuf&m vrf;aMumif;wavQmufwGif<br />

wOD;u ]'dkhArm} [k toHwkdifay;vkdufvQif usefvlrsm;u ]'dkhArma[h 'dkhArm} [k oHNydKifa

40<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&efukefwuúokdvfrS AsL½dku&uf rsufESmjzLq&mBuD;rsm;uvnf; rpöwmpavmh ausmif;ydwfrnfh tqkdudk oabmwlMu<br />

onf/<br />

ref;Oypmaumvdyfudk tNyD;tydkifydwfypfrnf[k qHk;jzwfcsufaMumifh 1928 wGif ref;Oypmaumvdyfü 1920<br />

yxrausmif;om;oydwfuJhodkY oydwfarSmufvkrcef; jzpfoGm;onf/<br />

rEÅav;NrdKU rif;wkdifyiftrwf A[kdpnf OD;bOD;onf &efukefü½SdaepOf ref;Oypmaumvdyfydwf&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

csvdkufaom qD;edwftpnf;ta0;NyD;qHk;onfESifh wNydKifeuf OD;bOD;onf &efukef ol&d,owif;pmrSaeí ref;Oypm<br />

aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; NidrfraebJ oydwfarSmufMu&ef EdI;aqmfvdkufonf/ xdktcsdef ref;Oypmaumvdyfü ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>vnf; r½Sdao;ay/ EkdifiHa&; pdwf0ifpm;jcif;vnf; r½Sdao;ay/ trnfrazmfbJ OD;bOD;\ vIHYaqmfrIaMumifh<br />

&efukef qD;edwftpnf;ta0;NyD;qHk;onfh aemufwaeYrSmyif OypmaumvdyfrSausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkY zmodzmomaeí<br />

rjzpfrSef; odvmMuNyD; pk½Hk;pk½Hk;jzpfvmMuonf/ rD;cJjymzHk;yrm olwkdY&ifwGif; udef;atmif;aeaom ZmwdrmefwkdY yGifhxGuf<br />

vmMuonf/ xdktcgausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmat'Drm½S,fu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfol udkcifarmifuav;<br />

(aemif zqyv0efBuD; Adkvfcifarmifuav;) tm; ]q&mu wuúodkvftrIxrf;jzpfvdkh 'DudpörSmygvdkh rjzpfbl;/ rif;wkdhudpö<br />

jzpfw,f/ tvsOf;oifUovdk MunfUaqmif½GufMu/ ref;Oypmaumvdyfydwf&if q&m &efukefrjyefawmUbl;/ q&mU NrdKYudkbJ<br />

q&mjyefawmUr,f} [k ajymonf/<br />

ref;Oypmaumvdyfü q&mBuD;rpöwmrm½S,f cGifhoGm;wkdif; udk,fpm;vS,f ausmif;tkyfBuD; vkyfaom ocFsm<br />

uxdu q&mBuD; OD;vSazmfOD;uvnf; aemufuG,fuae tultnDay;rnf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ ygVdq&m OD;vSatmif<br />

uvnf; xdkodkY ajymonf/ ausmif;q&mtm;vHk; ausmif;om;rsm;vkyfrnfh tpDtpOfudk taESmuft,Sufray;acs/<br />

xkdYaemuf q&mBuD; OD;vSazmfOD;onf pufbD;wpD;ESifh NrdKUrd? NrdKUz? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xHoGm;í tultnD<br />

ay;&ef wdkufwGef;onf/ trsKd;om;ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD; OD;&mZwftdrfodkY oGm;a&mufívnf; q&mBuD; (2) OD; ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; ta&; aqG;aEG;Muonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;ta0; usif;yaomtcg tqdkwifoGif;&ef t*Fvdyfpmjzifh<br />

q&m (2) OD; a&;om;oDuHk; ay;onf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; q&mrdbrsm;ESifhwuG rEÅav;NrdKUrS &[ef;awmft½Sifjrwfrsm;xH csOf;uyfMuonf/<br />

xdktcg rEÅav;NrdKU? tdrfawmf&m (14) cef; Z&yfBuD;ü NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ ref;Oypmaumvdyf<br />

rydwfa&; tqkdudk ausmif;om;rsm;u &J&JawmufwifoGif;NyD; ¤if;tqdkudk &efukefwuúodkvf rvdkufavsmvsif a½SUodkY<br />

wvSrf;wufrnf[k &mZoHay;vdkufonf/<br />

e,fcsJUNAdwdoQ AsL½dku&uftpkd;&onf 1920 ausmif;om;rsm;oydwfuJhodkY jzpfoGm;rnfpkd;í ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

vdkvm;csufudk tjrefqHk; vdkufavsmcJhonf/ þodkY ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm; qE´jy&m (14) cef;? tdrfawmf&m<br />

Z&yfBuD;rSm aemifwGif OD;ausmfNidrf;? Adkvfcifarmifuav;? OD;vSarmif? OD;odef;azjrifh? OD;odef;atmifwkdY\ EkdifiHa&;<br />

oaE¨wnf&m XmeBuD; wckjzpfcJhonf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tcef; (4)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1930 rS 1931)<br />

(u) 1930 ckESpfESifh ¤if;ESpfrwkdifrD ausmif;om;rsm;tajctae<br />

1930 rwkdifrD tajctaewGif ausmif;om;trsm;pkonf aumvdyfausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif yg0ifcJhMuaomf<br />

vnf; wuúokdvftmPmydkifrsm;\ tajctaeudk aumif;pGm owdxm;ae&onf/ ausmif;om;topf (z&uf½Sm) rsm;udk<br />

ygarmu©ESifh q&mrsm;\ enf;y&d,m,fudk aumif;pGmem;rvnf? wuúodkvftajctaeudkvnf; oabmraygufaom<br />

aMumifh q&mrsm;ESifh XmerSL;rsm; csay;aomyHkpHxJokdY a&muf½SdMuonfu rsm;\/ ygarmu¨tcsdKUESifh q&mrsm;onf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk pmoifcef;ESifh rnfodkY qGJaqmif&rnfudk aumif;pGmem;vnfMuonf/ ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSmvnf;<br />

q&mrsm;udk twkcdk;í q&mrsm;tay: pdwf0ifpm;MuNyD; ausmif;om;b0udk ydkrdkwyfrufvmMuonf/ q&mwdkY\ xl;<br />

jcm;aom pdwfaepdwfxm;? t,ltq? pOf;pm;yHkpOf;pm;enf;rsm;udk tzGJUrsm; tpkrsm;zGJUí avhvmMuonf/ odkYaomf<br />

ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSm trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;ü Ak'¨bmomESifh Armh,Ofaus;rI xHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm; xdawGUvmaomaMumifh<br />

wuúodkvfa&mufaomtcg trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;rS atmifvmonfjzpfap? rpf½Sif[kdufpul;ausmif;rsm;rS atmifvmonf<br />

jzpfap? Ak'¨bmomtoif;rsm; zGJUpnf;í Ak'¨bmomESifh vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf yHkrSeftm;jzifh<br />

a½Twd*Hkbk&m;odkY oGm;a&mufí wHjrufvSnf;jcif;? 0wfjyKjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfayonf/ ausmif;om;tm;vHk;u xkdvkyfief;udk<br />

wuf

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om; b0jynfhpHkaeonf[k ,lqaeMuonf/ bGJU'D*&D&NyD;vQif tpdk;&tvkyf 0ifvkyf&efom pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/<br />

odkYaomf trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwfrsm;onf wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; twGif;odkY wkdif;jynfrS enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh 0ifa&mufvm<br />

Muonf/ ¤if;wdkYxJrS trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"mwfxufoefaom udkEk? udkApdef? udkav;armifwkdYonf wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;<br />

pwif wnfaxmifcJh&mü ocifbaomif; (udkbaomif;) ESifhtwl vnf;aumif;? ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mvli,frsm;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

zGJUpnf;&müvnf;aumif; qufoG,fyg0ifcJhMuNyD; ¤if;wkdYrSm trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wuúodkvfrS EkdifiHa&;<br />

jyifqifrItaejzifh tzGJUtpnf;wck zGJUpnf;vdkMuonf/<br />

(*) &efukefwuúokdvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODjzpfay:vmyHk<br />

1926 ckESpftxd &efukefwuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU r½Sdao;acs/ xdktcsdefu wuúodkvft"dywd<br />

qm[mukwfbwfwvm (Sir Harcourt Butler G.C.I.E., I.C.S) \ arwåm&yfcHcsuft& qefukefonfESifh qefpufydkif<br />

½Sif OD;ndKonf wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf aiGusyf wodef;ckESpfaomif; (170000) udk 1926<br />

wGif vSL'gef;cJhonf/ 1929 ckESpfwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODudk pwifaqmifvkyfcJh&m 1930 ckESpf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uf<br />

rprD (3) vcefYtvdkwGif aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;oGm;onf/ ¤if;taqmuftODBuD;onf aemifwcsdefwGif e,fcsJUtpdk;& qefYusif<br />

a&;XmecsKyfjzpfcJhvQif e,fcsJUu aqmufcGifhay;rnfr[kwf/ OD;ndKvnf; a'gufwmbGJU r&awmhay/ <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD<br />

aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;aomtcg ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmh (D.J Sloss) onf ,leDAmpDwDuRrf;bm; tm;upm;½Hkab;em;<br />

½Sd jrufcif;jyifü vufbuf&nfyGJjzifh{nfhcHNyD; OD;ndKtm; *kPfxl;aqmifa'gufwmbGJUtyfESif;onfh tcrf;tem;[kajymvdkuf<br />

onf/ OD;ndKrSm aiGt½Sdeft0gjzifh a'gufwmbGJU &oGm;onf/ a'gufwmOD;ndK (K.S.M, L.L.D) jzpfoGm;avonf/<br />

1930 ckESpfwGif NyD;pD;onfU olaX;OD;ndK vSL'gef;cJhaom &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftOD<br />

(C) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) pwifjzpfay:vmjcif;<br />

wuúodkvft"dywd a'gufwma*spavmhrSm NAdwdoQMoZm vTrf;rdk;cH&qHk; olwOD;jzpfonf/ ¤if;\oabmxm;rSm<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; pmoifí bGJU ('D*&D) &NyD;aomtcg NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ Xmetvkyfrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;?<br />

tdEd´,tpkd;&\ Xmetvkyfrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? NAdwdoQtifyg,m\ &JwyfzGJUwGif vnf;aumif;? tdEd´,tpdk;&\<br />

opfawmESifh ynma&;XmewGif vnf;aumif; paom tvkyfrsm;üom 0ifvkyf&ef vdkvm;onf/ odkYaomf xdkae&mrsm;ü<br />

ArmtrsKd;om;rsm; twGuf ae&mtenf;i,fom &½SdNyD; tvkyfvkyf&ef pdwfxufoefaom vli,frsm; NydKifqdkifaeMu<br />

rSwfcsuf- <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODudk a'gufwmOD;ndK (K.S.M., L.L.D.) u vSL'gef;NyD; 1927 ck? 'DZifbm (5) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvft"dywd<br />

42 Armjynfbk&ifcH qm[mukwfbwfwvm (G.C.I.E., K.C.S., I.C.S.) u tkwfjrpfcsonf/<br />

Photo: Kyaw Zaw (OwaY)

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

&onf/ xdktajctaeaMumifh ArmtrsKd;om;rsm;rSm aus;½Gmrsm;ü q&mtvkyfom&½Sdonf/<br />

xdkodkYtajctaersm;ü trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"mwfjyif;xefaom udkEk? udkApdef? udkav;armifwkdY\ vIyf½Sm;rIaMumifh<br />

vnf;aumif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUjzpfay:ap&ef <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODNyD;onfhaemuf 1930 pufwifbmvqef;wGif wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;NyD; ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;?<br />

aeYausmif;om;rsm; NrdKUxJwGif tpnf;ta0;usif;yum ¤if;tpnf;ta0;rsm;\ wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcsuft&<br />

1930 pufwifbmv? (12) &uf? aomMumaeYü udkausmfcif (0dZÆmodyÜH)? udkwifhaqG (0dZÆm)? udkb*srf; (*syfqif) wkdY<br />

onf wuúodkvft"dywdudk,fpm; w&m;olBuD; OD;btm; oGm;a&mufawGUqHkí <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUpnf;&ef? zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;a&;<br />

qGJa&; twGuf aumfrwDzGJUcGifh&&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf AmpDwDESifh ,k'oefausmif;om;rsm;pkaygif;NyD; 1930 pufwifbmv (20) &uf? paeaeYwGif<br />

ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;BuD;udk wuúodkvf tm;upm;½HkopfBuD;wGif usif;ycJhonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;rS &efukef<br />

wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwD zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ udkausmfcif (0dZÆmodyÜH) u obmywdtjzpf<br />

aqmif½Gufonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf 1930 pufwifbmv (20) &uf? paeaeYwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; qHkk;jzwfcsuft&-<br />

(1) ausmif;om;xkqE´jzifh trIaqmifaumfrwD a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef<br />

(2) wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'a&;qGJ&ef<br />

(3) trIaqmifaumfrwD a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&efwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDtzGJYrSm<br />

(1) udkausmfcif Ouú|<br />

(2) udkb*srf; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(3) udkausmfodef;<br />

(4) udkwifhaqG<br />

(5) udkxGef;wif<br />

(6) udkbodef;<br />

(7) udk&m½Spf<br />

(8) udkarmiftkef;<br />

(9) rpöwm yumqif<br />

(10) udkpHazmfatmif<br />

(11) udkbaz<br />

(12) udkarmifñGefY wdkYyg0ifavonf/<br />

¤if;tzGJUonf Ekd0ifbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJNyD;í tpD&ifcHpmudk ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;odkY<br />

rwifjyrD wuúodkvfaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;xHrS rSwfcsufESifh a0zefcsufrsm; awmif;cHcJhonf/<br />

1930 'DZifbm (17) &ufwGif qmb*srif tdyfcsf [Dvf (Sir Benjamin H. Heald Kt, M.A., I.C.S) u<br />

aumfrwDudk,fpm;vS,fESifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;rsm;tm; tpnf;ta0;w&yfjyKvkyfí ajymif;vJ&ef wifjyavonf/ wuúodkvf<br />

tmPmydkifrsm;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;udk atmufpzdkYpf <strong>or*¾</strong>twkdif; jzpfvdkonf/ 1931 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (9) &ufwGif<br />

ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;ü udkodef;armif (*syfqif) u obmywdtjzpf aqmif½Gufí rlMurf;udk oabmwlnDcJhonf/<br />

¤if;tzGJUtpnf;u (9) OD;ygaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk a½G;cs,fwifajrmufcJhonf/ ¤if;wkdYrSm-<br />

(1) udkausmfcif<br />

(2) udk&m½Spf<br />

(3) udkxGef;wif<br />

(4) udkbaz<br />

(5) rpöwm yumqif<br />

(6) udkausmf'if<br />

(7) udkodef;armif<br />

(8) udkpHazmfatmif<br />

(9) udkApdef wkdYjzpfonf/<br />

43

44<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

¤if;trIaqmifaumfrwDonf <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODESifh yufoufaomudpö&yfrsm;? <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;aqmif½GufcGifh?<br />

pnf;rsOf;Oya' rlacsma&;qGJa&;ESifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;&ef tcGifhtmPm½Sdvmonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhwuúodkvftmPmydkifMum; oabmxm;uGJvGJaom t"dutcsufrSm wuúodkvfausmif;om;a[mif;<br />

rsm;ESifh bJGU&ausmif;om;rsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU0iftjzpf vufcH&ef udpöjzpfonf/ wuúodkvftmPmydkif wuúokdkvfaumifpDrS<br />

wifjyaom ¤if;tcsufrSm <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifh qefYusifaMumif; <strong>or*¾</strong>u wifjyaomfvnf; wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;<br />

u oabmrwlay/ okdYaomf tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm aqG;aEG;í 0wfvHkawmf& OD;pkd;ñGefY (M.A, M.L.C) ESifh wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpD trIaqmifvlBuD;tcsKdU tultnDay;í 'k-t"dywdu vufcHNyD; zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf; tacsmudpörSm ajyvnfoGm;<br />

avonf/<br />

1931 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D (27) &ufwGif usif;yaom <strong>or*¾</strong>tvkyftrIaqmifESifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkY<br />

oabmwlnDcsuf jyifqifcsufrsm;udk vufcHtwnfjyKvkdufonf/ azazmf0g&Dv (28) &uf? eHeuf (11) em&DwGif pnf;rsOf;<br />

tm; twnfjyKvdkufaomtcg zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'onf twnfjzpfvmonf/ wuo taqmuftODudk q&mBuD;<br />

ygarmu© OD;azarmifwifu &efukefwuúokdvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkausmfcifxH vTJtyfay;vkdufonf/<br />

(i) pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;tzGJU\ oabmxm;<br />

pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;tzGJU\ ajymMum;csufrSm-<br />

]ausmif;om;rsm;tay: vHk;0BudK;udkifydkifcGifUonf pnf;rsOf;Oya'\ aomUcsufyifjzpfaMumif;? tem*wf Arm<br />

EkdifiHom;wkdh\ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonfESifUtnD wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; EkdifiHawmftusKd; xrf;½Gufap&ef? vGwfvyfa&;<br />

pdwf"mwf oGif;ay;&efESifh wm0efodpdwf"mwfrsm; zefwD;ay;&ef BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm; pDpOfay;jcif;? rdwfqufawGYqHkyGJrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;?<br />

pm;aomufqkdifrsm; xm;½Sdjcif;? upm;ckefpm; pnf;½Hk;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifí pnf;½Hk;jcif;? ydkíta&;BuD;aom trsKd;om;a&;<br />

pdwf"mwfoGif;ay;jcif;ESifU vlYavmu0ifa&mufaomtcg udk,fa&;udk,fwmqkdif&m b0wavQmufvHk;twGuf jynfUpHkap&ef<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>wckonf vGwfvyfpGm awG;awmMuHqjcif;ESifU vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqdka&;om;a&;twGuf &yfwnf<br />

aeNyD; ausmif;om;vli,fwkdhonf EkdifiH\tem*wfudk ydkifqkdifaeonfomru ¤if;wdkh\ pdwf"mwfonf trsKd;om;a&;ESifU<br />

rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf tajccHyifjzpfonf} [k yg&Sdonf/<br />

(p) 1931 wu<strong>or*¾</strong>Zif;<br />

1931 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvwGif EkdifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rI OD;aqmifyg0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm;OD;aqmifí ]wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;r*¾Zif;} wapmifxkwfa0cJhonf/ xkdr*¾Zif;onf EkdifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf wkdufyGJ0if<br />

vufeufaumif; wck jzpfvmonf/<br />

]"m;oGm;xuf? uavmifoGm;xufonf} [laom aqmifyk'fudk trdt&,lí uavmifwkdufyGJ 0ifcJhMuonf/<br />

(q) 1931 ck aemufydkif; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

1931 ck aemufydkif;wGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;aqmifí ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü o[m,ESifh<br />

pmzwftoif; a[majymyGJrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuonf/ ¤if;a[majymyGJrsm;ü wdkYArmoDcsif; oDqkd&ef vIHYaqmfvmjcif;ESifh<br />

NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf pnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfrIrsm; jzpfvmMuaomtcg wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD;onf xkda[majymyGJrsm;udk ydwfyifvkdonf/<br />

yxrOD;pGm q&mrsm;tm; ausmif;om;rsm;\ tpnf;ta0;ESifh a[majymyGJrsm; rwufa&muf&efESifh 0ifa&muf<br />

a[majymjcif; rjyKvkyf&ef wm;jrpfcJhonf/ xkdtcg bmomjyefq&m udkbaomif; (ocifbaomif;) rSm qufvufyg0ifaeí<br />

udkbaomif;udk tcsdefydkif; enf;jyq&mtjzpf uefx½dkuf wESpfjynfhaomtcg q&mtjzpfrS &yfpJvkdufavonf/

Photo: Year 1300<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z) udkApdefESifh wuúokdvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI<br />

ocifApdef<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om; udkApdefonf ausmif;pmoifcef;rsm;ü q&mrsm; trnf<br />

ac:vQif ]y&JqifUqm} "Present Sir" [k ausmif;om;tm;vHk;u xl;íaeMuonfudk<br />

udkApdefu xkdodkYrxl;bJ ]a&mufygNyDcifAsm;}[k udkApdefu yxrOD;qHk; xl;cJhonf/<br />

taqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;wGifvnf; udkApdefonf tjcm;aom udkb<br />

aomif; (enf;jy) wdkYESifh wGJí trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; w&m;<br />

rsm;a[mí &efukefwuúokdvfrS ,k'oefaumvdyfodkY ajymif;a½TUcH&onf/ q&m OD;az<br />

armifwifonf udkApdefESifh udkbaomif;wkdY\ EkdifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rIudk tm;ay;cJhonf/<br />

odkYaomf udkApdefonf ,k'oefaumvdyfodkY a&mufaomfvnf; q&mpH<br />

awmfvSefa&;ESifh yufoufaom axmufcHcsufrsm;? rSefuefaMumif; aMunmcsufrsm;?<br />

t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUtm; qufvufawmfvSef&ef vkyfaqmif&rnf[k aMunmcsufrsm;udk<br />

jzefYcsdcJhjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúokdvfrS ajymif;a½TUvdkufaom udkApdef<br />

udk ,k'oefaumvdyfrS ausmif;xkwfypf vdkufonf/<br />

(ps) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vIyf&Sm;rIESifh wdkYArmoDcsif;<br />

wuúokdvfausmif;(enf;jy) ocifbaomif;onf wdkYArmoDcsif;udk wuúodkvfajrwGif ysHUESHY&eftwGufvnf;<br />

aumif;? wuúokdvfajr wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;ESifh ocifvli,frsm; MoZmysHUESHY&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ocFsmenf;jy (aemif<br />

Oya'? yxrESpf) ausmif;om; udkxGef;pdef? oxHkaqmifrSausmif;q&m jrefrmpm r[m0dZÆmbGJU& OD;ñGefY? Oya'ausmif;om;<br />

udkEkwkdYESifh wkdifyifí 1930 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (19) &uf? paeaeYnü oxHkaqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwfcef;ü yxrqHk;<br />

oDqdkMuonf/ yJcl;aqmifrS udkav;armif? yk*HaqmifrS ausmif;om; udkApdefESifh ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;? oxHkaqmifrS<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; cef;vHk;jynfh wufa&mufMuonf/ taqmifrSL; ygarmu© OD;azarmifwifuvnf; oDqkdcGifhjyKvdkufonf/<br />

xkdoDcsif; udpöjzpfNyD; rMumrD udkav;armifESifh udkApdefwdkYrSm ausmif;om;b0xJrS yxrOD;qHk;aom ocifbJGUudk cH,loGm;<br />

aom vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI ocifacgif;aqmifrsm; jzpfvmonf/ ¤if;wdkYArmoDcsif; wuúodkvfausmif;rS xkwfa0aom<br />

wuúokdvfr*¾Zif;wGif t*FvdyfArm (2) bmomjzifh azmfjycJhonf/ wkdYArmoDcsif;udk 0dkiftrfbDat ocifwifu a&;pyfí<br />

ocifvSabmfESifh ocifbaomif;wkdYu ulnDcJhonf/<br />

wkdhArmoDcsif; (0g) wdkhArmur®0g<br />

waumif;tbd&mZm? 'dkYArm omuDrsKd;[mrdkY rnd§K;*kPfawZm? ,dk;',m;eJY ukvm;udkyg? wkdufcdkufum<br />

atmifcJhwm 'dkYArm? pdefrSefuif;tppf tjzpfBuD;jzpfvsuf xif;wvSnfhMuHK&? xHk;ESifhraoG?<br />

avmu"r®wmay- igwdkYuHac? jzpf&jyefoav? odkYaomf t&if;udkppfvQif Armajy? ig'dkY ig'dkYajy/<br />

aemifO'gef; b,fraMup&m &mZ0ifwifxm;? rsKd;½dk;EG,fvm? urÇmwcGifrSmjzifh Armtxift½Sm;?<br />

'dkYacwfwGifrS nHhMuawmhrSmvm;? 'dkYArm/<br />

'dkYArm r[kwfavovm;/ ('dkhArm? ig'kdUArm) ('dkhArm? ig'kdYArm) ('g-ig'kdYArm) ('g-ig'kdYArm)<br />

(tm; . . . . . vHk; . . . . nDnD? a,musfm;bom; 'kdhArm aemufvmaemufom; &J&JArmyDyD Armajy?<br />

'dkhArmbdkhyg? ocifusifUudkusifUMuyg? ocifrsKd;a[U 'dkhArm? rdk;atmufajrjyifrSm txufwef;pdwfeJh?<br />

Zmr&DaoG; . . . . . 'kdhArm/)<br />

(oHNydKif) urÇmraMu . . . . . ArmwawG ('g 'dkhajy? 'g 'dkhajr? 'g ig'dkhajy) 3 ('dkhArm) 2 ajy . . . . . udk<br />

wdkif;&if;om; tukeftpif 'dkYajy? 'dkYrSwfxif? 'dkY0wå&m;yif 'dkYArmocif/<br />

trsKd;om;a&; BudK;yrf;Muyg? 'dkYArm a[h 'dkYArm/ aMomftrsKd;om;a&; BudK;yrf;Muyg? 'dkYArma[h 'dkYArm/<br />

ta½SYuae0ef;xGufonfhyrmy- 'kdYacwfudk a&muf&rnfrSm rvGJyg- 'dkYArm-a[h 'kdYArm/ Armjynfw0Srf;<br />

tukef? 'dkYtdrfrSwfyg? wdkY,mrSwfyg? tJ'g 'kdYArm/<br />

(oHNydKif jyefaumuf)<br />

45

46<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(n) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> yxrOD;qHk;OuúX udkxGef;pdef<br />

1931 Zefe0g&D (9) &ufaeY ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& ,m,D<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|tjzpf<br />

udkausmfcifudk a½G;aumufwifajr§mufí trIaqmifa½G;aumufyGJBuD;Muyf&efESifh ,m,DtrIaqmif tzGJUi,fav;rsm;<br />

zGJYpnf;ay;vkdufonf/ xkdtzGJUi,fav;rsm;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;Oya'a&;qGJNyD; xkwfa0&efESifh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

a½G;aumufyGJBuD;Muyf&efyg wm0ef vTJay;vkdufonf/ xdktzGJUav;\ oufwrf;rSm av;vausmfomMumcJhonf/<br />

1931-32 pmoifESpf <strong>or*¾</strong>tpnf;ta0;rS wuúokdvfocFsmXmerS EkwfxGufí yxrESpf Oya'oifwef;<br />

wufa&muf oifMum;aeaom ausmif;om; udkxGef;pdef\ ajymyHkqdkyHk? owdå½SdyHkrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm; txifBuD;Mu\/<br />

udkxGef;pdeftm; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| tqifhtwef;ESifh oifhawmfoljzpfí udkApdefu udkxGef;pdeftm; Ouú| tqdk<br />

wifoGif;vkdufonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif a½G;aumufyGJBuD;Muyfa&;aumfrwD Ouú| udkausmfcifu a½G;aumufyGJ usif;yrnfh<br />

aeY&ufudk wvcefYcGmí owfrSwfvdkufonf/ a&;qGJNyD;jzpfaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ukd wifBudKa0iSNyD;aemuf<br />

,m,DtrIaqmifaumfrwDonf <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODü tpnf;ta0; ac:,lcJhjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

(#) udkxGef;pdefESifh trsKd;om;pdwf<br />

udkxGef;pdefrSm 1924 wGif (10) wef; pmar;yGJatmifNyD; &cdkifjynfe,f oHwGJNrdKUrS<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfodkY ynmoifMum;&ef oabFmjzifhxGufvmonf/ atmufzuf<br />

ukef;ywfwGif wkdif;&if;om;c&D;onfrsm; jynfhESufaeí ]Oa&mywdkufom;rsm;<br />

twGufom} [k a&;xm;aom txufwef;ukef;ywfwGif avaumif;avoefY&&ef<br />

udkxGef;pdef wufoGm;onf/ pdwfxJüvnf; ]vlacsmifwJh txufwef;ukef;ywfrSm<br />

'if;wdkYawGu ZdrfcHNyD; pD;eif;vdkufyg Muw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;awGuawmh atmufrSm<br />

ig;yd? ig;csOfodyfxm;ovkdeJY vkdufyg&w,f}} awmufwcsufacgufNyD;rS ]]'if;wkdh<br />

Armjynfudk tjrwfxkwf½Hkru wdkif;&if;om;awG tñGefhyg csdK;Muao;w,f?<br />

olwdkheJh rwlrwefovdk xm;Muw,f? bm&rvJ 'DoabFmtay:u rsufESmjzLawGudk<br />

ightaMumif; jy&ao;wmaygh} ukdxGef;pdefonf Oa&mywkdufom;rsm;om[kqkdaom<br />

ukef;ywfwGif tdyf,mvdyfudk cyfwnfwnfESifh jzefYcif;NyD; vJavsmif;vdkufygvm<br />

onf/ xdktcg rsufESmjzL yxrt&m½Sd (Chief Officer) a&mufvmNyD; ]]rif;wkdY<br />

udkxGef;pdef<br />

Armwdkif;&if;om;awG jzpfw,f? rif;rodbl;vm; 'Dae&mu csufjcif; qif;prf;}}[k<br />

udkxGef;pdefudk ESifcsonf/ udkxGef;pdefu ]]Armwkdif;&if;om;awGeJY Oa&mywkdufom;awGu vlawGcsnf; r[kwfvm;?<br />

olwdkY ydkufqHay;pD;ovkd usaemfwkdYvnf; ydkufqH ay;pD;wmyJ}} xdktcgrsufESmjzKu ]]rif;½Snf½Snfa0;a0; ajymraeeJY<br />

rqif;&if 'Duaeiguefcsvdkufr,f}} [k a'golykefxNyD; tdyf,may:vSJaeaom udkxGef;pdefudk nmajcjzifhuef&ef [efjyif<br />

vkdufaomtcg udkxGef;pdefu ½kwfw&ufrwfwyf&yfNyD; &ifbwfxJrS (6) vufr armif;cs"m;udk xkwfum ]]udkif; rif;uef<br />

wmeJY rif;udkig"m;eJY xkd;r,f? uef&J&if uefMunfhav}} rsufESmjzLt&m½Sd aMumufvefYpGm xGufoGm;NyD; cPMumaomtcg<br />

oabFmuyÜwdef aoewfjzifh vkduffvmonf/<br />

]]rif;rqif;&if aoewfeJYypfr,f/ bmrSwfvdkYvJ ig'DoabFmrSm ypfowfEkdifwJh tmPm½Sdw,f}} xdktcg<br />

udkxGef;pdef u ]]ypfowfEkdifwJh tmPm½Sd&ifvJ ypfav? cifAsm;ypfwmeJY usKyf"m;eJYxkd;r,f? olaoudk,faoaygh? usKyfwkdY<br />

wkdif;&if;om;awGrSm Zmwdrmef½Sdw,f? cifAsm;wdkYqDrSmyJ ½Sdwmr[kwfbl;}} oabFmtxufwef; ukef;ywfwGif qlqlnHnH<br />

jzpfaeí atmufwef;rS wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; "m;rsm;udkifum wufvmMuí rsufESmjzLt&m½Sd (2) OD;rSm vufavQmh<br />

oGm;onf/<br />

ukdxGef;pdefonf 1926 tdkiftufpDpmar;yGJatmifNyD;aomtcg 1926-27 wGif jynfaqmifESifh yk*HaqmifodkY<br />

ajymif;a½TUoGm;onf/ udkxGef;pdefu ocifpkd;tm; t*Fvdyfpmjzifh a&;om;xm;aom EdkifiHa&;pmayrsm;udk oHvsiftdrfrS<br />

,lvmí jcifaxmifxJwGif twl EkdifiHa&;pmayrsm; avhvmMuonf/ 1928-29 wGif wuúodkvf ocFsmXmerS vufaxmuf<br />

uxdu OD;um\ apwemt& ocsFmXmeenf;jyESifh taqmifenf;jy 0ifvkyfonf/ 1931 ckESpfwGif jynfaqmifESifh<br />

waumif;aqmif a½SUbuf½Sd bDtkdpD tif*sifeD,maumvdyfq&mrsm; tyef;ajzpcef;wGif wuúokdvfocFsmXme ,m,D<br />

ygarmu© rpöwmvl;0pf trdefYt& ocFsmenf;jyudkxGef;pdefESifh rpöwmrwfwdkYonf tif*sifeD,maumvdyfwGif enf;jywm0ef<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

xrf;aqmif&ef a&muf½Sdvmonf/ ¤if;tcef;rSm q&mrsm;tyef;ajz tcef;jzpfí vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aexdkifEkdifNyD;<br />

wOD;udkwOD; av;av;pm;pm; ae&may;&ef rvdkay/ uxdu? ygarmu©ESifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;wkdYonf BudKufonfh<br />

tcef;wGGif BudKufovkd aexdkifí &if;ESD;pGm pum;ajymEkdifonf/ ¤if;tcef;xJodkY tif*sifeD,mausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmcs,f&D<br />

0ifa&mufvmonfudk udkxGef;pdefESifh rpöwmrwfwdkYrSm *½krpdkufbJ pum;qufajymaeMuonf/<br />

xkdtcg rpöwmcs,f&Du ]]rif;wdkY b,fuaumifawGvJ}} [k par;aomtcg udkxGef;pdefu]]usaemfwdkY ,leDAmpDwD<br />

ocFsmXmeuyg? 'DaumvdyfrSm ocFsm tcsdefydkif;enf;jywm0ef xrf;aqmifzdkY ygarmu¨vl;0pf vTwfwmyg}} [k<br />

&nfrGefpGm jyefajymvdkufonf/ xdktcg rsufESmjzL ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]]rif;wkdY w,f½kdif;wJhaumifawGyJ? ig tif*sifeD,m<br />

aumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD;yJ? rpöwmcs,f&Dqdkwm igyJ? 'Davmufawmif½kdif;NyD; t½kdtaoay;&rSef; rodwJhaumifawG<br />

'Dtcef;xJu tckcsufjcif; xGufoGm;Mu}} udkxGef;pdefwkdY ESpfa,muf wkefvIyfroGm;ay/ udkxGef;pdefwdkY ESpfa,muf<br />

rwkefrvIyf xkdifaeonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;udkvnf; t½dktao ray;acs/ xkdtcgausmif;tkyfBuD;onf pdwfqkd;vmNyD;<br />

olYvufESpfzufjzifh q&mESpfa,muf\ tusÐudk *kwfrSqGJudkifNyD; tjyifodkY qGJxkwfaomtcg udkxGef;pdefonf nmvuf<br />

oD;udk uspfuspfygatmif qkwfí ]]'g cifAsm; tarhvifaumvdyf r[kwfbl;? ArmEkdifiHaumvdyf? vmNyD;rapmfum;eJY}} [k<br />

qkdum rpöwmcs,f&D\ em;xifudk xkd;csvdkufonf/ xkdtcg rpöwmcs,f&D csmvywfvnfí tcef;xJrS xGufajy;oGm;onf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf bGJUESif;obif taqmuftOD wnfaqmufaeaomtcg udkxGef;pdefu ]]taqmuftODBuD;u<br />

awmfawmfBuD;rm; cdkifcefYwmbJ? xkxnfBuD;u aumif;vkdufwm? aumif;rSmaygh? oHxnfawGBuD; oHk;xm;wmav?<br />

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aqmufvkyfa&; aumfrwDrSm rauseyfcsufudk ar;jref;&ef udkxGef;pdefudk zdwfac:&avonf/ xkdYaemuf cs,f,mrif<br />

rpöwm'D*vif;AD;vf onf udkxGef;pdef\ tMuHay;csuft& ¤if;bGJYESif;obiftaqmuftODBuD;udk ArmjcaoFh½kyf (4)<br />

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taqmuftODBuD; jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; MunfndKav;pm;aom udkxGef;pdefonf naebufü tv,fausmif;aqmifrsm;\ tpnf;<br />

ta0;udk xrif;pm;aqmifü jyKvkyf&ef½Sd&m tpnf;ta0; rprD NAdwdoQtrsKd;om;oDcsif; oDqkdMu&onf/ oDcsif;\<br />

t"dyÜg,frSm ]bk&m;ocif? usaemfwdkh bk&ifrif;jrwfudk apmifUa½Smufu,fwifyg} xdkoDcsif;oDqkdrIESifh yufoufí<br />

udkxGef;pdefu ]]usaemfwdkY Armwdkif;&if;om;awG jzpfw,f/ t*FvefuvmNyD; ynmoifaeolwOD; wa,mufrQr½Sdyg?<br />

rsufESmjzLbk&ifudk bk&m;ocif u,frygapvdkY qkawmif;ay;&wm usaemfwdkYtwGuf t"dyÜg,fr½Sdyg/ usaemfwdkY<br />

Armjynfudk vufeufeJY tEkdifusifh,lxm;wJh t*Fvdyf½Sifbk&ifudk bk&m;ocifu,frygapvdkY qkawmif;ae&wm ½SufzdkY<br />

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qefYusifawmfvSef cJhMuw,f/ usaemfwkdY aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm;&JU ajc&mudkeif;EkdifzkdYa0;pG? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fwJh t*Fvdyf<br />

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aom ausmif;om;BuD;tm;vHk;u pNyD; vufckyfwtm; ½kdufNyD;wD;&m vufckyfoHrsm; wcef;vHk; yJhwifxyfoGm;onf/<br />

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ta0;rS e,fcsJYtrsKdom;oDcsif;udk ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ü oDqdkjcif; vHk;0rjyKvkyf&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkufonf/<br />

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47

48<br />

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usaemfeJh usaemfU&Jabmfrsm; usifUoHk;r,fU t"du0g'uawmh wuúokdvfe,fajrrSm½SdwJU ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

trsKd;om;pdwf Ekd;Mum;xufoefvmap&ef jzpfygw,f/ wuúokkdvfe,fajr <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODuvnf; ,cktcgrSm ay:vmygNyD/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD[m ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;udk pk½Hk;NyD; EkdifiHESifh trs Kd;om;a&; BudK;yrf;&ef A[dktcsuftcsmae&m<br />

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udk ay;csifonfhbufudk ay;Ekdifw,f/ 'gaMumifh usaemf (udkausmfcif) Ouú|taeeJY þudpöudk tvsifpvdk tqHk;tjzwf<br />

ray;yg/ a½G;aumufyGJBuD;Muyfa&;aumfrwD tm;vHk;ESifh av;eufpGm wkdifyif&tkef;r,f/ w&m;rQwap&ef twGuf<br />

jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh reuf (8) em&DwGif tqHk;tjzwf ay;ygr,f}} [k aMunmcJhonf/<br />

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udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

owif;ajy;aeaomfvnf; udktdefbufrSolrsm; bmoma&;taMumif;jy rJqG,fí udktdefudk oabmrusaomolrsm;yifvQif<br />

bmoma&; cvkwf'Pf rcHEdkifí udktdefbuf a&mufukefMu\/ xdkYaMumifh udkxGef;pdefESifh udktdefwdkY rJqE´wlnDoGm;<br />

avonf/ udkxGef;pdefwdkYacwfu <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| a½G;aumufyGJrSm tar&duefor®w a½G;aumufyGJESifh cyfqifqifwlonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU0if ausmif;om;rsm;u vQKdU0SufrJpepfjzifh Ouú|udk wdkuf½dkufa½G;cs,fwifajr§mufonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifrsm;udk<br />

vnf; þpepfjzihf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufMuonf/<br />

reuf (8) em&Dü a½G;aumufyGJaumfr½SifOuú| udkausmfcifonf a½G;aumufyGJrSm w&m;rQwrI ½Sd r½Sd? ]]a½G;<br />

aumufyGJ pnf;rsOf; Oya'twkdif; aumfrwDu aqmif½Gufay;onf [kwf r[kwf? a½G;aumufyGJaumfrwD aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

auseyfrI ½Sd r½Sd}} ar;jref;onf/ a½G;aumufyGJaumfrwDonf w&m;rQwpGm aqmif½Gufygonf/ tm;vHk;uyif auseyf<br />

ygonf/ aumfrwDu wdusrSefuefpGm tqHk;tjzwfay;rnf[k ajymMum;onf/ a½G;aumufyGJaumfrwD\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk<br />

udkausmfcifu wifjyavonf/<br />

]](2) OD;pvHk;\ t&nftcsif;udk ,Hk;rSm; oHo,r½Sdyg/ (2) OD;pvHk;yif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\<br />

Ouú| wm0efrsm;udk ausyGefpGmaqmif½GufNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk OD;aqmifEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f/ Ouú|ae&m<br />

topf a½G;aumufyGJtopf xyfrHusif;yay;&rnfvm;? usaemfuyJ tEkdifrJudk rnfolYudk ay;&rvJ? xkdudpö (2) &yfudk tcsdef<br />

MumjrifhpGm tcsdef,lNyD; pOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg ,ckNyD;pD;aom a½G;aumufyGJrSm w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJ jzpfonf[k<br />

(2) OD; (2) bufrS twdtvif; zGifh[ajymqkdonf/ odkYjzpfí usaemf ay;ydkifcGifh½Sdaom tEdkifrJudk toHk;jyKí tqHk;tjzwf<br />

ay;ygrnf/ udkxGef;pdefESifh udktdefwdkYrSm t&nftcsif; wlnDMuaomfvnf; udkxGef;pdefonf olYaumvdyfoufwrf;<br />

wavQmufü rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf tvGefxufoefvSNyD; AsL½dku&ufrsm;ESifh ,SOfNydKifcJh&mwGif owdåajymifajrmufvSonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf omru wwdkif;jynfvHk;rS wdkif;&if;om;rsm; tusKd;twGufyg arQmfudk;NyD; trsKd;<br />

om;a&; udpörsm;wGifvnf; 0ifa&muf aqmif½Gufvdkaom pdwfqE´jyif;jypGm½Sdonfudk awGU&w,f/ odkYjzpfí aumfrwD<br />

cs,f,mrif usaemfonf &efukef Oya'yxrESpfwGif wufa&mufoifMum;aeol udkxGef;pdefbufokdY tEkdifrJ ay;vkdufNyD<br />

jzpfaMumif; þae&mrS ausmif;om;xktm; aMujimvdkufygw,f}}<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODwckvHk; vufckyfoHrsm; qlnHoGm;aponf/<br />

]usaemf þae&m z,fay;ygawmUr,f/ rJqE´eJhta½G;cH&aom udkxGef;pdefcifAsm;? Ouú|ukvm;xkdifay:okdh<br />

vma&muf xkdifyg&ef zdwfac:ygw,f} [k udkausmfcifu ajymMum;NyD; pifjrifhay:rS qif;oGm;avonf/ udkxGef;pdefonf<br />

pifjrifhay:wufvmNyD; &efukefwuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) Ouú| ukvm;xkdif 0ifa&muf xkdifvdkufNyD;aemuf<br />

]&Jabmfwkdh usaemfUudk rJqEáy;MuwJUtwGuf tvGefaus;Zl;wifygw,f/ þ<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifaumfrwD Ouú|a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

[m wuúokdvfordkif;rSm yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf ay:aygufvmwJU a½G;aumufyGJjzpfygw,f/ a½S;uwBudrfrQ 'DvkdtaqmuftOD<br />

rsKd;? 'Dvdk <strong>or*¾</strong>rsKd; ray:ao;ygbl;/ ,ckausmif;om;xkeJh ArmEkdifiHol? EdkifiHom; tm;vHk;twGuf trsKd;om;a&; BudK;yrf;<br />

vIyf½Sm;&ef ajcukwf&r,fU A[kdtcsuftjcmae&mBuD; ay:vmwm 0rf;omp&myJ/ usaemfuawmh þausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

BuD;uae waehusvQif ArmEkdifiHBuD;udk vGwfvyfa&;&atmif OD;aqmifEkdifr,fU om;aumif;&wemrsm; ay:xGuf vmvdrfUr,fvdkh<br />

cdkifrmpGm,HkMunfygw,f/ 'Dvkday:xGufvmEkdifa&;twGuf ,ckupNyD; usaemfwkdhtm;vHk; pkaygif;NyD; BudK;yrf;oGm;&ygr,f/<br />

vGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdif a&mufatmifoGm;&r,fUc&D;u ½Snfa0;vSygw,f/ c&D;wavsmufrSm tEå&m,ftaESmifUt,SufawG?<br />

ql;anSmifUcvkwfawG? &efolawG trsm;&ifqkdif&r,fqkdwm odxm;zdkhvdkygw,f/ ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJY[m<br />

wuúokdvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYeJh ausmif;tkyfBuD;vufatmufrSm r½Sdao;ygbl;/<br />

,cktcsdefupNyD;awmh <strong>or*¾</strong>tcrf;tem;awGeJh taqmuftODawGrSm vTifUavU½SdwJU t*Fvdyfe,fcsJYawG&JY<br />

,leD,H*suftvHudk wuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODrSm rvTifUbJ usaemfwdkh&JY ArmtvHjzpfwJU a'gif;tvH (cGyfa'gif;tvH<br />

r[kwf) udkom vTifUxlygr,f/ usaemfwkdh todtrSwfjyKwJU tvH[m a'gif;tvHjzpfw,f/ a½S;ArmtvHvnf; jzpfw,f/<br />

usaemfwkdhwawG a'gif;tvHudkom tav;jyK&r,f/ ,leD,H*suftvHudk tav;rjyKMu&awmUbl;/ ,cifu usaemfwdkh<br />

tqkdwifoGif;cJUwJUtwdkif; wuúodkvfausmif;zGifUyGJ tcsdefupNyD; a[majymyGJawG tpnf;ta0;awG usif;ywJhtcg Arm<br />

trsKd;om;oDcsif;udkom oDqkdNyD; ArmtrsKd;om; a'gif;tvHudkom tav;jyKí NAdwdoQe,fcsJY trsKd;om;oDcsif;eJh NAdwdoQ<br />

e,fcsJY&JY ,leD,H*suftvHudk z,fxkwfvdkufygw,f/}<br />

udkxGef;pdefrdefYcGef;qHk;aomtcg <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODwckvHk; vufckyfoHrsm; [def;nHoGm;onf/<br />

][kdt&ifwkef;u NAdwdoQ[m usaemfwdkh Armwkdif;&if;om;awG pnf;vHk;nDñGwfoGm;rSm odyfpkd;&drfw,f/ wkdif;<br />

&if;om;awGudkvnf; vlrsKd;a&;&m? 0g'a&;&m? bmoma&;&mawGeJh tjrJaoG;cGJ? jyóemtjrJ zefwD;aew,f/ tJ'grsKd;aoG;cGJrS<br />

olwdkhtkyfcsKyfa&; vG,fr,f/ usaemfwdkh udkApdefwdkh[m rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfxufoefwJU ausmif;om;awG pnf;vHk;nDñGwfatmif<br />

49

50<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jyKvkyfcJUw,f/ EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwf e,fcsJYqefhusifa&;pdwf"mwf Ekd;Mum;vmatmif pnf;½Hk;cJUw,f/ rpöwmpavmUuodawmU<br />

usaemfwkdh pnf;½Hk;rIysufatmif olhtvdkawmf&dawGudk ajr§mufay;NyD; a½G;aumufyGJ 0ifckdif;wmyJ/} vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf<br />

udkxGef;pdefu þokkdYajymMum;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

udkxGef;pdefESifh ra½S;raESmif;yif olYudkaxmufcHaom trIaqmifaumfrwD0if trsm;tjym; ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

wa,mufESpfa,mufu vGJí tm;vHk;eD;yg;rSm ausmif;tkyfBuD; tvkdawmf&drsm; r[kwfay/<br />

1931 &efukefNrdKUü (10) ESpfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY usif;y&m ausmif;om;vli,frsm;? q&mrsm;?<br />

0HomEkrsm;? ,leDAmpDwDausmif;om;rsm;? wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;rS ocifrsm;? udkApdef (ocifApdef)? ocifav;armif? udkxGef;<br />

pdefwkdY pkpnf;í yg0ifcJhonf/<br />

(!) 1931 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> yxrOD;qHk; trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

udkxGef;pdef Ouú|<br />

udkb*srf; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

ukdxGef;wif<br />

udkcspfwif<br />

udkApdef<br />

udkOD;wkwf<br />

udkwifarmif<br />

udkxGef;wif<br />

q&mOD;vlaz0if; aiGxdef;<br />

rSwfcsuf- wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;udk a&;om;&mwGif ]]wdkY}} ESifh ]]'dkY}} ESpfrsKd;vHk; oHk;onfudk awGU&onf/ odkYaomf rl&if;wHqdyfESifh<br />

acgif;pD;pmwrf;wGif wdkYArm[k oHk;xm;onf/<br />

ocifAwif\ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkrSwfwrf; (jr0wDyHkESdyfwdkuf)? pmrsufESm (15) atmufajcrSwfpkwGif<br />

]]wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk; ay:pwGif 'dkYArm[k ra&;om;bJ? wdkYArm[koma&;onf/}} [k azmfjyxm;onf/<br />

,ckpmtkyfwGif wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;udk a&;om;vsif ]]wdkY}} [k oHk;oGm;rnf/ a

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1930 rS 1931 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wuo jzpfajrmufa&; ,m,DOuú|<br />

OD;ausmfcif B.Sc., B.L. (1930-31)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (,m,D) yxrqHk; Ouú|jzpfonf/ &ckdiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfí oHwGJNrdKUwGif<br />

zGm;jrifcJh\/ oHwGJNrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif owårwef;txd ynmavhvm qnf;yl;cJhonf/ &efukefNrdKU<br />

A[kdtpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;odk ajymif;a½TUynmqnf;yl;NyD;? 1925 ckESpfwGif (10) wef; pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifcJh<br />

onf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif qufvuf ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1929 ckESpfwGif olaX;OD;ndKu <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD<br />

aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;&m? 1930 ckESpfwGif NyD;pD;cJh\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD ½Sdaomfvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf; r½Sdjzpfae<br />

ojzifh OD;ausmfcifonf <strong>or*¾</strong> jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;rIwGif acgif;aqmifcJhol wOD;jzpfonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf; ray:aygufap&ef acsmh? ajr§muf? Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;udk cHcJh&\/ wuúodkvfausmif;om; ynmwwf<br />

rsm;\ ]]rufvHk;}} jzpfaom tdEd´, y#dnmOfcH0efxrf; tkdifpDtufpf &mxl;jzifh acsmhjrLjzm;a,mif;jcif; cHcJh&\/<br />

OD;ausmfcifum; r,drf;,dkif? <strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf acgif;rmpGm BuKd;yrf;cJholom jzpfonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfajrmufap&ef<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf½Sd ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;onf yxrqHk; aqG;aEG;wkdifyifcJh\/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif OD;ausmfcifonf<br />

obmywdjzpf\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDzGJUpnf;&ef wuúodkvfudk,fpm; t"dywdESifh aqG;aEG;yGJwGif<br />

udk,fpm;vS,foHk;OD;teuf yg0ifolwOD;vnf; jzpfayonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDzGJUpnf;aomtcg OD;ausmfcifonf obmywdtjzpf wm0ef,l vkyfaqmif<br />

cJh\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf; a&;qGJNyD;aemuf wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif udk,fpm;vS,f tjzpfjzifh<br />

yg0ifcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;udk twnfjyKaom 1931 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (9) &ufaeUwGif usif;yonfh<br />

ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;rS? wuotrIaqmif (9) OD; a½G;cs,faomtcg OD;ausmfcifonf wuo Ouú|<br />

jzpfvmcJhayonf/<br />

1931 ckESpfwGif Oya'oifwef;rsm;udk atmifjrifcJhonf/ rdrdZmwdNrdKUjzpfaom oHwGJNrdKUwGif a½SUaetjzpf vkyfaqmif&if;?<br />

jrLeDpDy,ftzGJU0if? jrLeDpDy,fOuú|tjzpf NrdKUjya&;&mrsm;udk aqmif½GufcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwf 1951 ckwGif<br />

jynfolUvTwfawmftrwftjzpf &efatmifrJqEé,frS a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif; cH&NyD;? qGpfZmvefjynf bef;NrdKUü<br />

usif;yaom urÇmhvTwfawmfrsm; nDvmcHokdY jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUudk acgif;aqmifum wufa&mufcJhzl;<br />

avonf/ OD;ausmfcifonf ,ck &efukefNrKdUwGif vTwfawmfa½SUaetjzpf vkyfaqmifvsuf½Sdayonf/<br />

51

52<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

yxrqHk; wuoOuú|<br />

OD;xGef;pdef B.Sc., B.L. (1931-32)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ yxrOD;qHk; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&aom Ouú|jzpfonf/ &ckdifjynf<br />

oHwGJNrdKU Zmwd jzpfonf/ 1924 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfwGif pwifynmqnf;yl;í 1928 ckwGif 0dZÆmodyÜH<br />

bGJUxl;udk qGwfcl;cJhavonf/ 1931-32 ckESpfwGif Oya'ynmrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;aepOf wuoOuú|tjzpf<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cHcJh&oljzpfonf/<br />

t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm; bkef;rD;aevawmufyonfh umvjzpfí tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;wGif? a*smhbk&ifrif;jrwf\<br />

bkef;awmfbGJUrsm;udk oDqdkum tpnf;ta0; zGihfvSpfcJhMu&\/ OD;xGef;pdef wuoOuú| jzpfvmaomtcg? a*smhbk&if<br />

bkef;awmfbGJUtpm; wdkYArmtrsdK;om;oDcsif;jzifh zGifhvSpfcJhavonf/<br />

wuúodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;ronf jrefrmrqef? w½kwfbk&m;ausmif;ESifh wlaeí jrefrmtrsKd;om; o½kyfay:ap&ef<br />

jcaoFh½kyfrsm; xm;&ef awmif;qkdcJh\/ wuúodkvftaqmuftODrsm;wGif t*Fvefjynfvkyf oHwHcg;rsm;udk oHk;rnfh<br />

tpm;? jrefrmjynfjzpf opfom;wHcg;rsm;ukd toHk;jyK&efvnf; awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

1931 ckESpfwGif trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeU pwifusif;y&m trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeUwGif a'gif;tvH (cGyfa'gif;tvHr[kwf)<br />

udk <strong>or*¾</strong>rS pwiftoHk;jyKcJh\/ pD;u&ufoydwfarSmufa&;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>onf ArmEdkifiHvli,frsm;tpnf;t½Hk; (,ck<br />

Avp r[kwf)? wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;wdkYESifh yl;wGJ vkyfaqmifcJhonf/<br />

OD;xGef;pdefonf <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|tjzpf oufwrf;rukefrD EkwfxGufoGm;cJhonf/<br />

wuorS xGufNyD;aemuf ausmif;q&mtjzpf vnf;aumif;? Oya'pmar;yGJ atmifjrifNyD;aemuf a½SUaetjzpf<br />

vnf;aumif; vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ *syefacwfwGif c½dkif0eftjzpf EkdifiHhwm0efukd xrf;aqmifcJh\/ 'kwd,urÇmppftNyD;<br />

t*Fvdyfrsm; jyef0ifvmaomtcg OD;xGefpdeftm; axmif'Pf (25) ESpf tjypfay;cJh\/ (9) v ESifh (4) &uf<br />

tMumwGif vGwfajrmufcJhonf/ ,ck &efukefNrdKUwGif vTwfawmfa½SUaeBuD; wOD;tjzpf aqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdonf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1932 rS 1935 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tcef; (5)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) 1932-33 wuúokdvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI<br />

(1932 rS 1935)<br />

1931-32 <strong>or*¾</strong>rS udkxGef;pdef EkwfxGufoGm;í udkbdk;ul;rSm Ouú|tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolr½SdbJ ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

xdktcsdefu udkvdkeD0g'usifhoHk;aom wuúodkvftmPmydkif rsufESmjzLrsm;onf wuúodkvfynma&;udk wwfEkdiforQ<br />

oabmw&m;e,fy,frSm ydwfavSmifxm;NyD; vufawGU tvSrf;a0;aponf/ wuúodkvfynm? wuúodkvfq&m? wuúokdvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk wuúokdvfy&0PfxJwGif jzpfEkdiforQuefYowfxm;NyD; jyifyvlxkESifh uif;EkdiforQ tqufjzwfxm;&ef<br />

BudK;pm;ygonf/<br />

wuúokdvfynmwwfrsm;udk vufa½G;pifwpk? rdk;usa½Tudk,ftjzpf zefwD;NyD; jynfoltxuf tjrifhBuD;rSm<br />

xm;&ef &nf½G,fonf/ 1932 rS 1934 txd <strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) Ouú|rsm;onfvnf; wuorS wqifh trsKd;om;a&;<br />

vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; aqmif½GufEkdifonf[k r,HkMunfMubJ ½SdaeMuonf/ udkatmifjrifh (oHwGJ)onf ]qm} rxl;í ausmif;xkwf<br />

cH&aom 'kwd,ajrmufausmif;om; jzpfvmonf/ ¤if;onf ¤if;epfemcsufrsm;twGuf a½SUaersm;xH tMuHÓPf oGm;<br />

awmif;í w&m;½Hk;rS ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif; epfemrItwGuf &½Sd&ef awmif;qkdrI tay:wGifvnf; NAdwdoQe,fcsJU tpdk;&onf<br />

¤if;tm; Oya't& xyfrH0efcHuwd jyKckdif;vdkufavonf/<br />

odkYaomf ausmif;om;trsm;pkESifh jynfolwdkYrSm udkvdkeD0g'\ tqdkyg wuúodkvfynma&;ay:vpDudk qefYusifí<br />

wuúodkvfynma&;wGif oabmw&m;ESifh vufawGUaygif;pyfrdatmif vufawGUtoHk;cs&atmif vIHYaqmfawmif;qkdae<br />

Muonf/<br />

q&mpHudk (ao'Pf) BudK;rdefYay;vdkufaomtcg q&mpHawmfvSefa&;udk axmufcHaom &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;ac:,lNyD; uefYuGufcJhonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;wGif NAdwdoQ<br />

e,fcsJUtpdkd;&tm; jypfwif½IwfcsNyD; acgif;aqmifBuD;q&mpHtm; (2) rdepf rwfwyf&yfítav;jyKcJhonf/<br />

odkYaomf 1932 ESpfukefydkif;wGif wuúokdvfü trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&; 'Da&usqif;aeonf/ trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;<br />

wGif tdEd´,ESifh wGJa&;cGJa&;jyóemrsm; vTrf;rdk;aeonf/ bdvyfudk rsufESmpHknDtpnf;ta0;wufjcif;jzifh awmfvSef<br />

53

54<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aom vlxkEkdifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rIudk tpm;xkd;aeonf/ wuúodkvfy&0PfxJwGifvnf; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk tvdkawmf&d<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u acgif;aqmifaeonf/ rsufESmjzLtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh twkduftcHjyKaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSm ab;a&muf<br />

aeonf/<br />

(c) udkApdefESifh wuúokdvfajrvIyf&Sm;rI<br />

udkApdef EkdifiHa&;t,ltq ydkrdkjyif;xefvmaomtcg wuowGif 1932-33 ü taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

wm0efxrf;aqmif&onf/<br />

1932-33 wuotrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ udkpHazmfatmif Ouú‘|<br />

2/ udkApdef taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

3/ udkatmifoef;<br />

4/ udkxGef;atmif<br />

5/ udk&m½Spf<br />

6/ udkcspf<br />

7/ udkoufwif (udkodef;armif)<br />

8/ udk[efaomf<br />

9/ udkbwif wkdYjzpfonf/<br />

udkpHazmfatmifESifh udkApdefwkdYonf wuorSaeí e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; pum;&nfvkyGJrsm; jyKvkyfay;onf/<br />

tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;rsm;xuf udkApdefonf ykdrdkí <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;ukd tav;xm;vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ &J&ifhaom<br />

udkApdefonf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; udpörsm;wGif a½SUokdYwvSrf;NyD; wvSrf;wufvmonf/ wuúokdvf ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;\<br />

MoZmrSm BuD;vSonf/ ausmif;om;wa,mufudk woufvHk; aumif;pm;oGm;&ef vkyfay;Ekdifonf/ þodkY e,fcsJUvufudkif<br />

wkwfrsm; udk;uG,faecsdefwGif xkdtxJü udkApdef rygay/<br />

udkApdefu<br />

]tpOftvmtwkdif; oGm;ae&ifawmU Armjynf[m b,fawmUrQ uRefb0u vGwfrSmr[kwfbl;As}<br />

EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwf jyif;xefaom udkApdefudk *ED´pdef[k olY&Jabmfrsm;u ac:onf/ udkApdefonf *ED´BuD;udk<br />

av;pm;jrwfEkd;í acgif;ay:rS qHyifudk ajymifatmif ½Sif;vkdufonf/ wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;odkY yxrqHk;0ifa&mufcJhaom<br />

wuúokdvfausmif;om; jzpfNyD; aemif wuúodkvfausmif;om; rSwfyHkwifpm&if;üvnf; ocifApdef[k ajymif;vJvdkufonf/<br />

ausmif;ac:csdef udkApdef tvSnfha&mufaomtcg q&mu ocifApdef[k ac:aomtcg ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;u<br />

0kdif;&,fMuonf/ xkdtcg ocifApdefu ]y&JZifUqm} [k rxl;? ArmoH Arm[efjzifh ]a&mufygNyD cifAsm;} [kcyfus,fus,f<br />

atmfxl;vkdufonf/ ocifApdefudkk EkdifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rIjzifh e,fcsJUpHkaxmufrsm;u vlqdk;pm&if;0ifatmif vkyfxm;NyD;<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmhonf udkApdefudk &efukefwuúokdvfrS ausmif;xkwfvkdufonf/ wuúokkdvfwGif EkdifiHa&;<br />

vIyf½Sm;rIjzifh yxrqHk; ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;wOD; jzpfonf/ taygif;toif;rsm;\ Munfh½IapmifrrIjzifh<br />

,k'oefaumvdyfwGif ausmif;jyefwufcGifh&onf/ 1934 ,k'oefaumvdyfwGif pmoifMum;pOf ynmoifMum;zdkYxuf<br />

vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJ0if&ef pdwfvTrf;rdk;aeí ausmif;rS xkwfcH&jyefonf/ q&mpHawmfvSefa&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; udkApdef<br />

ESifhtwl udk&m½SpfvJ wuúokdvfü vlodrsm;cJhonf/<br />

(*) 1933-34 wuo trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ udkodef;armif Ouú|<br />

2/ ukdausmfxGef; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

3/ udkOD;wkwf 'k-Ouú|<br />

4/ udkvSarmif <strong>or*¾</strong>r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm<br />

5/ udkatmifwif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

6/ Mr. Zorn Swingh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL;

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1932 rS 1935 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

7/ udkvSarmif tm;upm;rSL;<br />

8/ udkarmiftkef;<br />

9/ udkcsrf;jr<br />

10/ udkapmpdefuDG wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

xdkckESpfrsm;ü wuúodkvf tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;rS wqifh wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk<br />

trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;ESifh uif;uGmatmif vkyfxm;Ekdifayonf/ urm½Gwfe,fajrudk 'kp½dkufe,fajr[k owfrSwfNyD;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf (Out of Bound) wm;jrpfe,fajr vkyfxm;onf/ odkYaomftajctaeu wm½SnfwnfwHhí<br />

r&ay/ wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;\ rD;yGm;onf awmrD;BuD;tjzpf ul;ajymif;vmaomtcg rD;'kwfudkif ociftzGJUtpnf;rSwqifh<br />

vlxktzGJUtpnf;odkY ajymif;vJvmonf/ tdEd´,ESifh cGJa&;wJGa&;? bdvyfrsufESmpHknD EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;rsm; arS;rSdefvmNyD;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? vlxkvIHYaqmfa&;? vlxkpnf;a0;yGJ? vlxkqE´jyyGJrsm; a½SUa&mufvmonf/ wuúodkvfy&0Pfüvnf;<br />

ocifaygufp? axmifajcmufv ausmif;om;<br />

rD;'kwf ausmif;om;<br />

zsif? yifeD ausmif;om;<br />

-rsm; ay:xGef;vmonf/ udkatmifqef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkoD[ef? udkxGef;tkef;? udkvSaz? udkodef;az (odef;az<br />

jrifh) wkdY tvdkawmf&drsm; vTrf;rdk;aeaom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS acgif;aqmifrsm;udk qefYusifwdkufcdkufMuonf/ udkausmf<br />

Nidrf;ESifh udkodef;azwdkYrSm ref;OypmaumvdyfrS a&mufvmonf/ udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;azwdkYonf ref;Oypmaumvdyf<br />

üaepOf ref;Oypmaumvdyf ydwfypf&ef qHk;jzwfcsufudk twlvufwGJqefYusifcJholrsm; jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdYESifhtwl udkcifarmif<br />

uav; (aemif 0efBuD;)? udkxGef;tHk? udkvSarmif (aemif oHtrwfBuD;) wkdYvnf; yg0ifonf/<br />

(C) 1934-35 wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh udkausmfNidrf;? udkEk? ukdodef;az<br />

trsKd;om;a&;Ekd;Mum;rIESifh EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwf½Sdaom ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfonfh udkausmfNidrf;? ukdoD[ef? udkEk?<br />

udktkef;? ukdodef;azwdkYonf 1934-35 wuo trIaqmifa½G;yGJ0ifa&mufí tvdkawmf&dausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ,SOfNydKif<br />

ta½G;cHonf/ udkausmfNidrf;ESifh udkodef;azEdkifí udkatmifqef;ESifh udkoD[ef½HI;oGm;onf/ udkausmfNidrf;rSm 0g'jzefYcsda&;udkif<br />

í <strong>or*¾</strong>jyefwrf;udk xkwfa0onf/ usefvlrsm;rSm tvkdawmf&drsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;<strong>or*¾</strong>jyefwrf;wGif q&mBuD;trnfjzifh<br />

q&mjzpfoifaumvdyf wDwDpD oifwef;om; udkoef;xGef; (aemif ocifoef;xGef;) onf uavmif0ifa&;onf/ udk<br />

ausmfNidrf;ESifh udkoef;xGef;rSm ausmif;om;b0xJu oduRrf;cifrifNyD; aemufydkif;wGif udkoef;xGef;ESifh udkEk? udkatmifqef;<br />

wkdY tuRrf;0ifoGm;onf/<br />

wuoxJwGif ukdausmfNidrf;ESifh udkatmifqef;wkdY twdkuftcHvkyfrIaMumifh vnf;aumif;? trIaqmiftzGJUxJ<br />

tjyif ausmif;om;xkMum;üyg vGefpGmpnf;½Hk;a&; ajcoGufí vnf;aumif;? tvdkawmf&drsm;ESifh udkausmfNidrf;wkdY rsm;pGm<br />

wif;rmvmonf/ 'k-Ouú| udkausmfxGef; tvkyf&í ausmif;xGufoGm;aomtcg udkEkrSm 'k-Ouú|tjzpf ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

udkatmifjrifhESifhudkpdk;jrifhwdkYudk (Sir) rxl;í ausmif;xkwfjcif;udpötwGuf uefYuGuf&ef udkEku udkausmfNidrf;udk ausmif;<br />

tkyfBuD;ESifh awGU&efvTwfvkdufonf/<br />

(i) 1934-35 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

1/ udkzdk;at; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkausmfxGef; (aemif ukdEk) 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkomxif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ udkodef;az (pmMunfhwkdufrSL;? odef;azjrifh)<br />

5/ udkausmfNidrf; (vlxkqufqHa&;ESifh 0g'jzefYcsda&;)<br />

6/ udkeef;EG,f (t,f'Dwm? <strong>or*¾</strong>r*¾Zif;)<br />

7/ udkboef; (aiGxdef;)<br />

55

56<br />

8/ udk0if; (tm;upm;rSL;)<br />

9/ udkodrf;armif (pnf;½Hk;a&;)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(p) 1935 ausmif;om; (11) a,muf ausmif;xkwfcH&onfhudpö<br />

1935 'DZifbm ausmif;ydwf&ufrwdkifrD ausmif;om; (11) a,muf pmar;yGJusí rpöwmpavmh (ausmif;tkyfBuD;)<br />

u ausmif;xkwfvkdufonf/ r[kwfrcH ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfaom udkEk? udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;az? udkb½Srf;wkdYu<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmhESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkNyD;? ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJus½HkESifh ausmif;xkwfonfrSm rw&m;<br />

aMumif;? ¤if;wkdYrSm tusifhpm&dwå aumif;rGefí ausmif;pnf;urf; ½kdaoaMumif;? ausmif;tkyfBuD;tm; ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

jyefvnf vufcH&ef ½Sif;jyaomfvnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;u vufrcHay/ wuotaeESifh ta&;,l&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf;<br />

udkausmfNidrf;? udkEk? udkodef;az (3) a,mufom½SdNyD; useftrsm;pkrSm tvkdawmf&drsm;jzpfaeí ratmifjrifay/ udkausmfNidrf;rSm<br />

acgif;iHkYrcHbJ &efukefNrdKU½Sd qmOD;oGifESifh EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk a½Twd*HkapwD &ifjyifodkY zdwfac:í ausmif;om;<br />

ta&;ESifh wuúokdvfq&mrsm;\ AsL½dku&uf tusifhqkd;rsm;udk bk&m;ukdwkdifwnf opömqkd ½Sif;jyonf/ wuúokdvftmPm<br />

ydkifrsm; ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI tpjyKvmonfudk owdjyKrdí raxhrJhjrifrjyK&JMuawmhbJ &moufyef ausmif;xkwfxm;<br />

aom (11) a,mufukd (1) ESpfom y,fí aemifESpfrsm;wGif ausmif;qufwufcGifhay;onf/ þonfum; 1936 'kwd,ausmif;<br />

om;oydwf oaE¨wnfjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

wuonf aemufydkif;ü e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ausmif;om;rsm; vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/ tjyifu awmfvSefa&;<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm;udk wuúodkvfacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awGUxd&ef wuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong> pifjrifhay:odkY zdwfac:onf/ ocifudk,f<br />

awmfrIdif;udk wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif a[majym&ef zdwfMum;rnf[k udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;azwkdY tqkdjyKaomtcg tvdkawmf&d<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u uefYuGufMuonf/ OD;Owårudk w&m;a[m&ef zdwfMum;&mwGifvJ tvdkawmf&drsm;u twkduftcH<br />

jyKMuonf/<br />

OD;Owåru<br />

]rif;wkdh wuúokdvfynma&;u bmtoHk;usvkdhvJ? rD;jcpfqHwacsmif;? qyfjymwcJ vkyfEkdifzdkh twwfynmay;wJh?<br />

ArmawG udk,fUtm;udk,fudk;jzpfatmif vkyfay;wJU pepfr[kwfbl;} [k a[majymcJhonf/<br />

þokkdYjzifh EkdifiHa&;Edk;Mum;rI r½Sdaom wuúokdvfausmif;ESifh q&mrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ukd oD;oefYy&0PfxJ<br />

aexkdifvdkrIrS trsKd;om;awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkrsm;jzpfvm&ef udkEk? udkausmfNidrf;? ukdodef;azwkdYu BudK;pm;Mu\/<br />

Armpmayudk tokH;jyKí e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;twGuf 0g'jzefYonf/ ArmpmaywGif e,fcsJUqefUusif<br />

a&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJrsm; xif[yf&ef BudK;yrf;onf/ wuúokkdvfy&d0kPftwGif; wuúodkvfr*¾Zif;? *E¦avmu<br />

pmapmifrsm;jzifh usufpm;½HkrubJ jyifypme,fZif;rsm;wGifyg uavmifjzefYcJhMuonf/ '*kefr*¾Zif;u wuúokdvfu@<br />

w&yfzGifhvSpfay;NyD; jyifyavmuESifh tquftoG,f ausmif;om;rsm;\ wHcg;aygufjzpfvmonf/ us,fjyefYaom<br />

vlxky&dowfESifh &ifqkdifawGUMuHKvm&onf/<br />

þkodkYjzifh wuúokdvfynma&;pepfESifh wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;onf y&d0Pfudkausmfí jynfolvlxkxH<br />

ta&muf csDwufrnf[k tcsufay;c&m rIwfvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1932 rS 1935 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;bdk;ul;<br />

(1931-32)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| OD;xGef;pdef oufwrf;rukefrD EkwfxGufoGm;ojzifh? Ouú|ae&mtwGuf Mum;jzwf a½G;aumufyGJ usif;y<br />

ay;&onf/ Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJwGif OD;bdk;ul;onf ta½G;cHcJh&jcif; jzpf\/<br />

vufyHwef;NrKdU? ewfpifukef;½GmwGif zGm;jrifí ewfpifukef;½Gm bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;? vufyHwef;NrKdU tpdk;&<br />

txufwef;ausmif;? vufyHwef;NrKdU trsKd;om;ausmif;? oHk;cGNrKdU rufo'pfausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/<br />

(10) wef; pmar;yGJudk 1927 ckESpfwGif &efukefNrKdU ul½Sifausmif;rS ocFsm*kPfxl;ESifh atmifjrifcJhonf/ wuúodkvfwGif<br />

qufvufynmoifMum;&m? Oypmtxufwef;udk wkduf½dkufwufa&muf oifMum;cGifh &½Sdoljzpf\/<br />

1931 ckESpfwGif v,form;olykefacgif;aqmifBuD; q&mpHtm; NAdwdoQtpdk;&u ao'PftrdefYay;cJh&m? wuorS<br />

ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;ac:NyD; uefYuGufcJhonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif NAdwdoQtpdk;&tm; jypfwif½IwfcsNyD;? acgif;<br />

aqmifBuD;q&mpHtm; (2) rdepf rwfwwf&yf tav;jyKcJhMuavonf/<br />

tdEd´,ESifh jrefrm cGJa&;-wGJa&;ESifh yufoufí wuorS EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;udk zdwfac:um pum;&nfvkyGJ<br />

usif;yay;cJh\/ cGJa&;bufrS OD;bab? OD;bpD? OD;xGef;0if;wdkYu ajymí? wGJa&;bufrS a'gufwmbarmf? a'gufwm<br />

b[ef? OD;ay:xGef;wdkYu ajymqdk acsyMuavonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½GufaepOf OD;bdk;ul;tm; ausmif;xm;vQif aiGaMu;ukefus½Hkomjzpfí ausmif;rS<br />

EkwfoifhaMumif;jzifh wuúodkvfausmif;tkyfBuD;u OD;bdk;ul;zcifxH pma&;Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif; cHcJh&\/<br />

OD;bdk;ul;onf wuúodkvfrSxGufNyD; wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;wGif yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhonf/ ,ck ppfbufukefpnf jzefYcsd<br />

a&;Xme trSwf (3) wGif refae*smtjzpf aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdonf/<br />

rSwfcsuf - 1952 ckESpfxkwf? tkd;a0r*¾Zif; 'órwGJ? trSwf (5) wGif? OD;bkd;ul; Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½GufpOf<br />

t,HktMunfr½Sd tqkdwifoGif;í? OD;xGef;pdef Ouú|tjzpf qufvufaqmif½Gufonf[k azmfjy<br />

xm;jcif;rSm? rSm;,Gif;vsuf½Sdonf/ 1931-32 ck Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhol um,uH½Sifrsm;ESifhwuG<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfcJhol ocifApdefwdkYtm; awGUqHkar;jref;&m? OD;xGef;pdef EkwfxGufNyD;? OD;bdk;ul;tm;<br />

Ouú|tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolr½Sd a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;om jzpfaMumif;? t,HktMunfr½Sd tqdk<br />

wifoGif;jcif; r½SdaMumif; ajymjyMuygonf/<br />

57

58<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;pHazmfatmif M. A., B. L.<br />

(1932-33)<br />

&ckdifjynf? ppfawGNrKdUZmwdjzpfí rdbESpfyg;rSm OD;csefxGef;atmifESifh a':vSjrOD;jzpfonf/ 1924 ckESpfwGif<br />

q,fwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifí? wuúodkvfwGif ynmqufvufqnf;yl;cJhonf/ wuo pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;<br />

aumfrwD tzGJU0ifwOD;jzpfí 1932-33 ckwGif wuoOuú|tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&jcif; jzpf\/<br />

EkdifiHa&;todynm&ap&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm; pdwf"gwfwuf

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1932 rS 1935 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;zdk;at;<br />

B. Sc., (Hons/ Rgn.), B. L., (Rgn.), Ph D., (Lond.)<br />

D. I. C., F. R. Met. Soe. (Lond.)<br />

(1934-35)<br />

om,m0wDc½dkif oHk;q,fNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ yef;waemfNrKdU Ak'¨bmomausmif;rS owÅrwef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifí<br />

om,m0wDNrKdU atbDtrfausmif;rS (10) wef; atmifjrifcJhonf/ wuúodkvfynm qufvufqnf;yl;í 1931<br />

ckESpfwGif 0dZÆmodyHÜpmar;yGJ ½lyaA'*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifavonf/<br />

1933-34 ckwGif Oya'wef; ynmoifMum;vsuf½SdpOf wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&í<br />

1934-35 ckwGif wuoOuú| jzpfvmonf/<br />

1937 ckESpfwGif rkd;av0o ynmawmfoiftjzpf a½G;cs,fjcif;cH&NyD;? vef'ef,leDAmpDwDü ynmoifMum; &onf/<br />

rkd;av0oynm&yfwGif yg&*lbGJU &½SdcJhonf/ oD&dysHcsD a'gufwmzdk;at;onf ,ckrdk;av0oXme ñTefMum;a&;0ef<br />

tjzpf EkdifiHawmfwm0efudk xrf;aqmifvsuf½Sdonf/<br />

(OD;odef;armifrS)<br />

rSwfcsuf- xdkaiGrsm;udk 1934-35 ck wuotrIaqmifwOD;jzpfol OD;odef;azjrifhu wuúodkvf"r®m½Hk<br />

aqmuf&mwGif oHk;pGJ&ef tqdkwifoGif;zl;onf[k 1955 ckESpfxkwf aiG&wkobifpmapmif<br />

wGif OD;odef;azjrifh azmfjyzl;onf/ ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;twGuf [Hom0wDukrÜPD<br />

ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;cJh\/ OD;odef;armifonf pwD;b&m;om;ukrÜPDvDrdwufwGif xif½Sm;<br />

aom tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;wa,muftjzpf vkyfaqmifvsuf½Sdonf/<br />

59

60<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (6)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1935 rS 1936)<br />

(u) udkodef;az?q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;<br />

1296 ckESpf? waygif;vqkwf (12) &uf? 1935 ck? rwfv (30) &uf<br />

aeYvnf (2) em&Dü a&eHacsmif;NrdKUv,f wefaqmif;BuD;ü usif;yaom wdkYArmtpnf;<br />

t½Hk;uGefz&ifhodkY wuúodkvfausmif;om; udkodef;azonf &efukefNrdKUrS rpöwmarmifrdIif;<br />

trnfcH rsKd;cspfpma&;q&mBuD; ygarmu©OD;vGef;tm; yifhaqmifvmNyD; ¤if;uGefz&ifhü<br />

ociftrnfcHum wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;0if wOD;tjzpf aMunmvdkufonf/<br />

xdktcsdefrSpí q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;\ tm;ay;rI? vli,frsm;ESifh<br />

udk,fwdkif tyifyef; tqif;&JcHum yg0ifvkyfaqmifrIaMumifh wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;rSm<br />

w[kefxdk; wdk;wufvmNyD; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI t½Sdeft[kef jrifhwufvmonf/<br />

(c) 1935-36 wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tajctae<br />

q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;<br />

wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfrIudk ckcH&ef pl;prf;½SmazG&if; EdkifiHa&;abm*aA'tygt0if rmhufpfpmayrsm;udk<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; awGU½Sdzwf½Ivmjcif;ESifh wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif; Armjynfpmtkyftoif;? e*g;eDpmtkyf<br />

toif;wdkYrSwqifh awmfvSefa&;pmayrsm; ydkrdk0ifa&mufvmonf/ wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;BuD;tcsKdUonf wdkYArm<br />

tpnf;t½Hk;ESifh ydkrdk&if;ESD;vmonf/<br />

1935-36 ckESpfwGif udkatmifqef;? udkodef;az? udkwifarmifwdkY ocifjzpfvmNyD; 1935-36 wuo<br />

a½G;aumufyGJü udkEk Ouú|tjzpf ta½G;cH&aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;ESifh ydkrdkqufoG,frIrsm; ½Sdvmum<br />

ocifrsm;ESifh ydk&if;ESD;vmonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI pdwf"mwfrsm;? awmfvSefa&; pdwf"mwf<br />

rsm; ydkrdkjrifhrm;vmonf/<br />

Source: File Photo

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(*) udkEk? udkatmifqef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udktkef;ESifh wuo (1935)<br />

Oya'ausmif;om;a[mif; udkEkonf oHk;cG? yef;waemfwGif trsKd;om;ausmif;q&m oGm;vkyf&mrS Oya'wef;<br />

jyefwufcsdefwGif oxHkaqmif usLwm ukdtkef;onf udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;az? udkatmifqef;wdkY oHk;a,mufudk udkEkESifh<br />

rdwfqufay;NyD; ¤if;tcef;xJwGif EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfMuonf/ udkausmfNidrf;rSm pum;awmfawmf ajymí<br />

t½Tef;tazmufvnf; ygonf/ udkodef;azuvnf; pum;awmfawmf ajymonf/ udkatmifqef;u pum;enf;NyD; olwdkY<br />

oHk;a,mufvHk; ÓPfxufjrufMuonf[k udkEku oHk;oyfrdonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;½Hk;cef;ESifh wudkufavmuftuGm<br />

nbufrsm;wGif ¤if;wdkY ig;OD; rMumcPawGUqHkNyD; EdkifiHa&;tpnf;ta0;rsm; jyKvkyfMuonf/<br />

atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwfcgeD;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong> 'k-Ouú| udkausmfxGef; ausmif;xGufoGm;í Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJ<br />

jyKvkyfonf/ ig;OD;tzGJU\ wdkufwGef;csuft& udkEk 'k-Ouú|ae&m 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif&m ,SOfNydKifolr½SdbJ<br />

ta½G;cH&avonf/ 'DZifbm ausmif;ydwfcgeD;wGif ausmif;tkyfBuD;vufrSwfESifh ta&;BuD;EdkYwpfwapmif xGufvmonf/<br />

¤if;wGif ,leDAmpDwD aumvdyfwGif tprf;pmar;yGJrsm; usif;yrnf/ xkdpmar;yGJatmifrSom pmar;yGJBuD; ajzqdkcGifhay;rnf[k<br />

yg½Sdonf/ xdkEdkYwpfpm xGufvmaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; tHk

62<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(2) OD;tm; ausmif;xkwfvQif ausmif;ü qlylrIrsm; xyfrHjzpfay:vmrnf[k qdkNyD; ausmif;tkyfBuD; tqdkudk uefYuGufonf/<br />

Mum;jzefajzonfhtaeESifh t"dywd a'gufwmqufonf udkEkESifh udkausmfNidrf;udk qlylvHIYaqmfrI rvkyfygbl;[k 0efcHcsuf<br />

vufrSwfa&;xdk;ckdif;&m udkEkESifh udkausmfNidrf;wdkYu rxdk;ay;ay/<br />

(C) 1935-36 wuo trIaqmiftzGJUESifh xdkig;OD;<br />

1935-36 wuotrIaqmifa½G;yGJ udkEkESifh xdk (5) OD;wdkY\ pnf;½Hk;rI? EdkifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rI toGifoP²mefrsm;<br />

jzpfay:vmí wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrS vdkvm;aom tvdkawmf&drsm; ½HI;edrfhoGm;NyD; ocifaygufp axmif (6) v<br />

olykefav;rsm; tEdkif&½Sd oGm;onf/<br />

1935-36 wuo trIaqmiftzGJYY<br />

1/ udkEk Ouú| (OD;pD;acgif;aqmif[kac:onf) (aemif 0efBuD;csKyf)<br />

2/ udk&m½Spf 'k-Ouú| (aemif 0efBuD;)<br />

3/ udkoD[ef twGif;a&;rSL; (aemif 0efBuD;)<br />

4/ udkatmifqef; tdk;a0pmwnf; t,f'Dwm (aemif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;)<br />

5/ udktkef; aiGxdef; (aemif oHtrwf)<br />

6/ ukdxGef;tkH pmMunfhwdkufrSL; (aemif &effukefjrLeDpDy,frif;BuD;)<br />

7/ udkomvS EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL; (aemif &efukefwuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;)<br />

8/ udkbquf tm;upm;rSL; (aemif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme)<br />

9/ udkxGef;wif aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL; (aemif vQyfppftkyftzGJUOuú|)<br />

udkEkrSm ,SOfNydKifolr½SdbJ ta½G;cH&avonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;udk aocsmpGm rzwfaom udkEkonf trIaqmifrsm;ESifh jyóem<br />

wufavonf/ wuo oif;vHk;uRwftpnf;ta0; usif;ycsdefü Ouú|rSm usrf;<br />

opöm usdefqdk&onf/ Ouú| 0ifvmaomtcg tm;vHk;u rwfwyf&yfNyD; t½dktao<br />

jyKavonf/ xdktcg udkEkonf acgif;aygif;udk qGJcRwfí pm;yGJay:ypfwifvdkufNyD;<br />

]aemifusaemf tcef;xJ0ifvm&if b,folrSrx&bl;} vdkY ajymvdkufonf/ ¤if;<br />

oif;vHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;NyD;aemuf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;csufjcif; ac:,lNyD;<br />

trIaqmifrsm;u ]Ouú|vdkh aMunmvdkuf&if ausmif;om;tm;vHk; rwfwyf&yf&<br />

w,f/ Ouú|xdkifNyD;rS xdkif&w,f/ tJ'g <strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;rSm ygw,f/ udkEkudk<br />

Ouú| udkEk<br />

Source: Internet<br />

t½dktaoay;wm r[kwfbl;/ Ouú|udk tm;vHk;u t½dktaoay;wm} vdkY ajym<br />

awmhrS udkEk oabmaygufoGm;onf/<br />

1935-36 wGif udkEkwdkYtkyfpk wuowGif a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&aom<br />

tcsdefwGif EdkifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rIudk taqmifrsm;wGif ysHUESHYatmif vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/<br />

xdkESpf <strong>or*¾</strong>ESpfywfvnf tpnf;ta0;wGif tpOftvmt& udkEk\ nmzufwGif a'gufwmbarmf? a'gufwmb[ef?<br />

b,fbufwGif OD;babESifh *VKefOD;apm xdkifonf/ xdkaeYu <strong>or*¾</strong>tpnf;ta0;wGif Ouú| udkEku trsKd;om;a&;<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm; aqmif½GufoGm;rnf[k ajymMum;oGm;onf/ atmufpzdkY,leD,H Ouú|rsm;onf aemifwcsdefwGif<br />

0efBuD;csKyfrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/ xdkESpfxJü udkEkwdkY (5) OD;tkyfpkrSm EdkifiHa&;vIyf½Sm; &efom pdwfyg0ifpm;cJhMuonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;om;rsm;ESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>tcGifhta&; ydk&&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ pmMunfhwdkufvnf; wnfaqmufcJhonf/<br />

yef;waemfausmif;om;wOD; e,fjyef&ef ausmif;tkyfBuD;qD cGifhpmoGm;wifaomtcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;u<br />

pmxJwGif ausmif;om; tpfr vufrSwfxdk;xm;NyD; taz? tar vufrSwfrxdk;xm;í cGifhrjyKEdkif[k ajymonf/ xdktcg<br />

udkEkonf ausmif;tkyfBuD;xH oGm;awGU&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/<br />

]atmufpzdkheJh udef;b&pfwuúodkvfrSm ausmif;om;awG&JY pmudk q&mu awmif;MunfU0HUwm r[kwfbl;/ 'g<br />

igwdkh Armjynf vmapmfum;wmyJ} [k awG;NyD;<br />

]usaemf tdrfjyefcsifw,f? cGifUay;yg/}<br />

xdktcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]bmudpöjyefcsifwmvJ}<br />

udkEku ]tdrfu pm&w,f}

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]at; aumif;NyD? jyefEdkifw,f} vdkYajymvdkuf&m udkEkonf ausmif;tkyfBuD;tm; ai;aMumif<br />

Munfhaerdonf/<br />

aemuf jyóemwck xyfjzpfvmonf/ ppfudkif;aqmif taqmifrSL;onf nbufwGif {nfhonfrsm;jzifh<br />

w&ufjcm;? ESpf&ufjcm; atmf[pfaomif;usef;aeonf/ xdktcg ppfudkif;aqmifrS ausmif;om; udkausmfjrifhonf nbuf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; pmMunfhaeí qlqlnHnHrvkyf&ef oGm;awmif;yefaomtcg taqmifrSL;u udkausmfjrifhudk atmfvTwf<br />

vdkufonf/ xdkaemuf waeYn taqmifrSL;udk tHwkonfhtaeESifh oHyHk;rsm; wtm;wD;Muavonf/ xdktcg taqmifrSL;<br />

vmMunfhNyD; ausmif;tkyfBuD;udk wdkifvdkufonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;u udkausmfjrifhudk wESpf ausmif;xkwfvdkufonf/<br />

Ouú| udkEk odoGm;aomtcg NrdKUxJrS 0wfvHkwOD;udk ac:NyD; udkausmfjrihfudk ½Hk;awmfrSwqifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;xHodkY<br />

wESpfausmif;xkwfcH&í avsmfaMu;ay;&ef epfemaMu;awmif; EdkYwpfpm wifNyD; ½Hk;awmfodkY avQmufxm;avonf/<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD; EdkYwpfpm&NyD; aemufwaeYwGif csufjcif; udkausmfjrihfudk ausmif;jyefwufcGiffh ay;vdkufonf/<br />

(i) udkatmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0<br />

udkatmifqef;onf t½dkif;cGpm ausmif;om;wOD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf "There<br />

is method in his madness." qdkovdk olYt½dkif;b0onf &nf½G,fcsufESifhjzpf<br />

onf/ a&eHacsmif;trsKd;om;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmif jzpfcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tcsif;csif; nDñGwfrI½Sdap&ef trsKd;om;ausmif;0wfpHkudk ol\trI<br />

aqmifrsm;ESifh wdkifyifum wDxGifcJhonf/ olwDxGifcJhaom trsKd;om;ausmif;0wfpHkrSm<br />

a½Tawmifydk;vHkjcnfESifh yifeDtusÐteDjzpfonf/ olonf pum;tajymtqdk EIwfenf;<br />

rI? t0wftpm;taetxdkif cGusrIaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; aemufajymifjcif; cH&aomf<br />

vnf; *½krpdkufay/ t0wftpm;udk jzpfuwwfqef; 0wfavh½Sdonf/ tajymtqdk<br />

rSm wdusjywfom;onf/ ar;cGef;ajz&mwGif tydktvdkr½Sd/ taMumif;&if; wdkwdkESifh<br />

xdxdrdrdajzwwfonf/ avmuGwfvkyfjcif;udkvnf; rkef;oljzpfonf/ 1931 ckESpf?<br />

t|rwef;wGif ynmoifMum;pOf arv (18) &uf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufü zcif<br />

OD;zm rusef;rmíuG,fvGefcJhonf/ udkatmifqef;ESihf olYtpfudkudkb0if;wdkY ewf<br />

udkatmifqef;<br />

armufwGif zcifoN*ØK[fNyD;rS a&eHacsmif;odkY jyefckdif;í ausmif;wuf aemufusonf/<br />

ausmif;odkY a&mufaomtcg q&mwa,mufu ]rif;wdkh bmvdkhaemufuswmvJ}<br />

udkatmifqef;u ]tazrrmvdkh}<br />

q&mu ]tck rmoGm;NyDvm;}<br />

udkatmifqef;u ]qHk;NyD} [k wHk;wdwdjyefajzcJhonf/<br />

a&eHacsmif;wGif usif;yaom pum;&nfvkyGJwGifvnf; 0ifa&mufajymavh½Sdonf/<br />

]awmrSmaexdkifjcif;onf NrdKYrSmaexdkifjcif;xuf omvGefaumif;rGefonf} [laomtqdkudk tajctwif<br />

jyKvkyf&m udkatmifqef;onf tqdkbufrS 0ifa&muf ajymqdkcJhonf/ rD;&xm;pwif wDxGifol? oabFmpwif wDxGifol<br />

*sdrf;pf0yf? EdkifiHacgif;aqmif a'gufwmrm'if? tDA&m[ifvifuGef;wdkYonf awmom;rsm;jzpfaMumif; ajymqdkcJhonf/<br />

trsKd;om;ausmif;wGif pmapmifxkwfa0&müvnf; t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

Source: Bogoke's Works (Mya Han)<br />

(p) <strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) r*¾Zif; ESpfapmif<br />

xdktcsdefwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü r*¾Zif;ESpfapmif½SdcJhonf/ aumvdyfr*¾Zif;ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>r*¾Zif;wdkY jzpfonf/ aumvdyfr*¾Zif;rsm; aiGtm;ydkaumif;NyD; wausmif;vHk;ESifh qdkifovdk jzpfaeum apmifa&<br />

(3000) xkwfa0onf/ t,f'Dwmudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;rpöwmpavmhu a½G;cefYNyD; tvdkawmf&dr*¾Zif;jzpfonf/<br />

wu<strong>or*¾</strong>Zif;rSm toif;0if½Sdoavmufom xkwfa0NyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUxJodkY wausmif;vHk; 0ifavhr½Sday/ t,f'D<br />

wmudk <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJUu cefYtyfonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>qdkonfrSm vlqdk;awG? cGpmawG pk½Hk;&mt&yfjzpfonf/ tvdkawmf&d<br />

rsm;u owfrSwfonf/ xdkYaMumifh twdkuftcHtmabmf[k qdkEdkifonf/ ,cifESpfrsm;udk tw¬KyÜwdårsm;udkom wuo<br />

r*¾Zif;wGif OD;pm;ay;xnfhaomfvnf; udkatmifqef; (t,f'Dwm) ESifh udkndKjr (twGif;a&;rSL;) jzpfvmaomtcg<br />

63

64<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuúokdvfe,fajrrS av;pm;xdkufaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;qdkonfh acgif;pOfjzifh-<br />

(1) jruf&dwfonfh rmvDukvm;BuD;yHk?<br />

(2) <strong>or*¾</strong>'&0rf OD;odef;yHkawG <strong>or*¾</strong>pmapmifrSm OD;xdyfxm;xnfhcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh <strong>or*¾</strong>r*¾Zif;onf<br />

tpdk;&tmrcHaiG awmif;onfh twdkuftcHpme,fZif;pm&if;wGif tjrJyg0ifonf/<br />

(q) udkatmifqef;? udkndKjrESifh tdk;a0r*¾Zif;<br />

udkatmifqef; (t,f'Dwm) u ]&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>r*¾Zif;} qdkwm tvGef½SnfwJh emrnfyJ/<br />

emrnftopfay;&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdwfac:vkdufonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u emrnftrsKd;rsKd; 0dkif;NyD;ay;Muaomfvnf;<br />

udkatmifqef; rBudKufay/ aemufqHk;udkndKjru ]tdk;a0} [k emrnfay;vdkufaomtcg udkatmifqef; vufcHvdkufonf/<br />

tdk;a0[laomtrnfESihf ywfoufí udkndKjr½Sif;jyonfrSm-<br />

]]'DrSm udkatmifqef;? rEÅav;rSm usaemfausmif;aewkef;u a'gif;,mOfysHqdkwJh Zmwfrif;orD;wa,mufudk<br />

oabmuszl;w,f? olu usaemfwdkYeJY ½G,fwlavmufyJ? avbmwDrjr&ifvdk trBuD;t½G,fr[kwfbl;? tJ'D a'gif;,mOfysH<br />

u oDcsif;qdkwJhtcgrSm<br />

]tdk;a0} ]tdk;a0}<br />

tJ'D tdk;a0udkyJ ckESpfoHajymif;vJNyD; em;axmifvdkY rNiD;bl;? aemiftcgrSm usaemf pme,fZif;avmua&muf&if<br />

tdk;a0qkdwJhemrnfeJY r*¾Zif;xkwfzdkY pdwful;xm;w,f}}<br />

]Armjynfonf Oa'gif;EdkifiH<br />

tdk;a0onf Oa'gif;toH}<br />

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65

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atmifaZ,wk >rufrqHk;EdkifrJh jyif<br />

wufzkef;BuD;q&m ]odef;az} uav;wdkYudkjzifh?<br />

,drf;raoG udef;aoa½G;vdkufuJh?<br />

ta&;½SdvQif t&may:Mua&mh?<br />

q&mtausmftarmf a,m*Du0d&,fu?<br />

urÇmrSmaomf ta[m nD\rnD\ awmqDu<br />

Munfhvdkufawmh/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

jrefrmraemf aumvDrdcsdefrdkY?<br />

aZmf0Dxd wuGufrrSdef arSmifrn§dKUrlí?<br />

aumvD\ jyu©'defrSm ajymif;ordkYomy?<br />

]tdk azarmifwif&JU} atmifrQKdYtvJSY txuf[dk,cifuJhodkY<br />

ueufy[dk&f ajymif;&rSmu?<br />

aemifodkYwuJh? atmifbdkY wyJhawGeJY?<br />

(aMomf) . . armifwdkY&JY wuúodkvf ocifausmif;/<br />

ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; (vufa½G;pifav;csKd;w&m? pm-308? 73? Zlvdkif)<br />

(#) 1936 'kwd,wuúodkvfausmif;om;oydwfjzpfyGm;apaom taMumif;&if;rsm;<br />

(1) ukdEka[majymrIrsm;<br />

(91) XmetkyfcsKyfa&;\ enf;y&d,m,fudk wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; &dyfpm;em;vnfvmMuonf/ txl;<br />

ojzifh wuorS wdk;wufaom vli,facgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh udkEk? udktkef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;az? udkatmifqef;<br />

wdkYonf wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;rS wdk;wufaom vli,facgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh tquftoG,fjyKí vufa0cH ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&<br />

tm; vnf;aumif;? NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtpdk;&tm; vnf;aumif; qefYusifí twdkuftcHjyKaeMuonf/<br />

1936 Zefe0g&D (30) &uf? nae (7) em&DwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;\ aemufqHk;pum;&nfvkyGJ<br />

usif;yavonf/ xdkpum;&nfvkyGJwGif wuoOuú| udkEkonf obmywdvkyfonf/ pum;&nfvkyGJ ed*Hk;csKyfwGif<br />

udkEku wuúodkvf ausmif;q&mtcsKdUonf 0ifa&mufpGufzuf? taESmifht,Sufay;aeMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf<br />

uRefpdwfarG;vmMuvsuf tvdkawmf&d vrf;pOfudk vdkufaeMuonf[k a0zefvdkufonf/<br />

xdkYjyif udkEkonf vuf½Sdtpdk;&\ oabmxm;udk tpnf;ta0;wckwGif ½Sif;vif;wifjyavonf/ tpdk;&onf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tm; vnf;aumif;? rsKd;cspfpdwf½Sdaom wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;<br />

tjypfr½Sd tjypf½Sm NzdKcGJvdrhfrnf? wuoESifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;udk rvdkvm;? enf;y&d,m,f<br />

trsKd;rsKd;oHk;í NzdKcJGrnfhtEÅ&m,fudk txl;owdjyK&rnf[k a[majymcJhayonf/<br />

xdkYjyif ausmif;tkyfBuD; 'Da*spavmh (D.J Sloss) ESifh tmPmydkifrsm;udkvnf; a0zefcJhavonf/ ¤if;a0zefaom<br />

udpörsm;rSm pmar;yGJwcgusaom ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJwESpfajzcGifh r&onfhudpö? twef;xJwGif a&mufra&muf<br />

trnfac:onfhtcg "Present" ]a&mufygonf} [k ausmif;om;u ajz&onf/ xdktajzwGif "Sir" ]vlBuD;rif;}<br />

[k xnfhrajzrdojzifh ausmif;om;rSm (udkpdk;jrifh) twef;wufcGifhr& jzpfonfhudpö? ausmif;aqmifwGif uyfxm;aom<br />

ausmif;aMumfjimpm? trdefYpmukd &ufvGefNyDxifí ausmif;om;u qkwfrdojzifh (udkatmifjrihf) ausmif;xkwfcH&onfhudpö<br />

ponfwdkYudk xpfceJqdkvQif tjypf'PfESifh avsmfnDatmif tjypfay;jcif; r[kwfbJ ocifESifh uRefyrm ausmif;tmPmydkif<br />

rsm;u wzufpD;eif; jyKvkyfcJhonf[k udkEku a0zefcJhavonf/ xdkudpörsm;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;avmurSm<br />

rcHcsdrcHom jzpfaeonf/ tvdkawmf&d ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcGifhta&;ay;NyD; ½dk;½dk;rSefrSefaeolrsm; tESdrfcH&? 'Pf½dkufcH&<br />

qdkwJh udpörsKd;awG rcHcsifp&m rMumcP ay:aygufaeavonf/ tjyifavmuwGif ocifaygufp axmif (6) vqdkwJh<br />

zdESdyfrIrsKd;awG awGUaecsdefrSm wuúodkvfe,fajr tmPmydkifrsm;onf wuoudk rsufrkef;usKd; aecsdefjzpfonf/<br />

1936 Zefe0g&Dv? (1) &ufaeY wuo taqmuftODü a[majymyGJusif;y&m udkEku ,ckvuf½Sd ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;onf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; &½Sdonfh tcGihfta&;ukdomru EdkifiHhvGwfvyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg? e,fcsJU<br />

qefYusifa&;wdkufyGJwGifyg yg0ifoihfaMumifh ajymMum;oGm;avonf/ 1935 ckESpf ukefcgeD;wGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ESpfywf<br />

vnf tpnf;ta0; usif;y&m ¤if;tcrf;tem;wGif eef;&if;0efBuD;? tcsKdU0wfvHkawmf&ESifh trwfwcsKdUyg wufa&muf<br />

onf/ udkEku xdktcrf;tem;wGif ]rdrdcGifUwifonfUtcsdefwkef;u pmudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;uawmif;vQif ½Hk;cef;rSuefxkwf<br />

ypfrnf} [k rdefYcGef;xJwGif ygoGm;onf/<br />

(2) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;udpöESifU i&JacG;BuD;aqmif;yg;<br />

xdkESpfwGif ausmif;om;r@dKifjzpfaom tdk;a0r*¾Zif; 1936 Zefe0g&Dvxkwf? twGJ-5? trSwf-1 t*Fvdyf<br />

u@wGif azazmf0g&D yxrywfwGif xGufvmonfü "Hell Hound at large" ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD} [laom<br />

aqmif;yg; ygvmonf/<br />

69

70<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

The Hell-Hound at Large<br />

Escaped from Awizi, a devil in the form of a balck dog. Had been during his<br />

brief span on earth a base object of Universal odium <strong>and</strong> execration, - sentenced to<br />

Eternal Damnation for Treachery, Theft, Presumption, Intrague, Pettifogging, Sadism,<br />

Churlishness, Vulgarity, etc. A pimping knave with avuncular pretensions to some<br />

cheap wiggling wenches from a well-known Hostel, he was also a hectic popularityhunter,<br />

shamming interest in Games, Concerts, Association etc., menacing the public<br />

placed with his unwanted presence though generally welcomed to everywhere as<br />

small-pox. His only distinguishing marks have been the abominable V.D. ulcers on<br />

his neck <strong>and</strong> buboes due to copulation with his own wife.<br />

Will finder please, kick him back to Hell?<br />

Yamamin<br />

From: "Oway" or The Voice of the Peacock, Voice of the RUSU, Jan. 1936; Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 56.<br />

¤if;aqmif;yg;wGif wuúodkvftmPmydkifwOD;\ csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? tjypftemtqmrsm;? rw&m;rIrsm;udk<br />

yGifhyGifhvif;vif; a0zefa&;om;xm;avonf/ i&JacG;BuD;ESifh EdIif;,SOfcH&aom tmPmydkifemrnfudk azmfxkwfrxm;apumrl<br />

xdkolrSm rnfoljzpfonfudk ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol? q&m? q&mr odNyD;jzpfonf/ taMumif;rodolrsm;u ar;Muonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u wuúodkvftmPmydkifwOD;udk oa&mfvdkufonfhtwGuf auseyfaeMuonf/<br />

xdkaqmif;yg;½Sif\ &nfñTef;csufu 91-Xme tkyfcsKyfa&;t&wufaeonfh vuf½SdñGefYaygif;tpdk;&udk 0g;vHk;<br />

½Snfjzifh odrf;&rf;&if; jynfolw&yfvHk;udk owday;xm;onf/ ,if;aqmif;yg;udk vuf½Sdtpdk;&u qwfqwfcg<br />

emusnf;um ,if;jyóemudk jywfjywfom;om; ta&;,l&ef ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&u &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;tkyfBuD;xH<br />

trdefYay;vdkuf onf/ xdktcg &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;tkyfBuD;u &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifESifh<br />

tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;tm; aqmif;yg;½Sifudk azmfxkwf&rnf[k ta&;qdkavonf/ udkatmifqef;u<br />

t,f'Dwm usifh0wf odu©mESifhtnD xdef;odrf;&rnfh 0wå&m;½Sdonfhtwdkif; aqmif;yg;½Siftm; xkwfazmfrajymEdkif?<br />

xdkaqmif;yg;ESifh pyfvsOf;í ta&;,lvQif rdrdtm; ta&;,lEdkifaMumif; ajymonf/ xdkaqmif;yg;½Sifudk udkatmifqef;<br />

yg;pyfrS xkwfazmfrajymrcsif; aqmif;yg;½Siftm; zrf;qD;ta&;,lEdkifjcif; rjyKEdkifay/ xdktcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;pavmhu<br />

udkatmifqef;tm;-<br />

]rif;[m awmfvSefa&;orm;av;bJ} "You are a revolutionary." [k ceJYvdkuf&m?<br />

udkatmifqef;u ]usaemf[m awmfvSefa&;orm;vdkhqdk&if usaemfu Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkvm;aom awmfvSefa&;orm;<br />

jzpfvdrfhr,f} "I am a peaceful revolutionary." [k pmwapmifa&;í wkefYjyefcJhonf/<br />

udkatmifqef; zGifhrajymbJ a&iHkydwfcJhaom udpöudk 1322 vjynfhaeYxkwf tkd;a0*sme,fwGif o0PfvTmwck<br />

ygvmavonf/<br />

¤if;o0PfvTmrSm-<br />

nDav;ndKjr (udkodef;wif)<br />

ausmif;om;b0 "Hell Hound at large" qdkwJh aqmif;yg;wdkav;wckxJeJh wuúodkvfavmurSm<br />

tnMwb0uae ausmfapmcJhwJhb0 rif;a&mufcJhw,f/<br />

yHk<br />

armifEk<br />

1? 10? 60<br />

udkatmifqef; zGifhrajymcJhonfh udpöudk udkEku 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfcsdefrSm tdk;a0r*¾Zif;udk csD;jr§ifhaqmif;yg;jzifh<br />

azmfxkwfcJhavonf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(3) xdkav;a,mufaMumifh oydwfay:aygufyHk<br />

taMumif;&if; (1)- udkEku ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;udpöwGifru ausmif;wGif;rSm EdkifiHa&; rdefYcGef;awGajym?<br />

jyifyqE´jyyGJawG yg0if&r,f? udkEku 'gvGwfvyfa&; vdkcsifvdkY[k a[majymcJhonfh udpö/<br />

taMumif;&if; (2)- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rSm ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD} aqmif;yg;ygvmonf/ tJ'Daqmif;yg; bmjzpfvdkYyg&vJqdkNyD;<br />

udkEkudk ausmif;xkwf ypfonfhudpö/<br />

taMumif;&if; (3)- aqmif;yg;½Sifudk rpöwmpavmhu tdk;a0wm0efcHt,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;tm; azmfxkwf&rnf[k<br />

ajymaom tcg udkatmifqef;u rajzí udkatmifqef;tm; ausmif;xkwf&ef jyifqifjcif;udpö/<br />

taMumif;&if; (4)- udkEk? udkatmifqef;? ausmif;xkwfcH&NyD; udk&m½Spfu Ouú|wm0efcH,lNyD; ausmif;om;xktpnf;<br />

ta0;usif;y? oydwfarSmuf&ef vHIYaqmfNyD; ½Gwf½GwfcRHcRH acgif;aqmifrI ay;cJhonf/<br />

tJ'D (4)a,muf 'kwd,wuúodkvfausmif;om; oydwfBuD;\ vQrf;vQrf;awmuf acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonf/<br />

Source: Internet<br />

Source: Portraits (DTY)<br />

Source: Bogoke's Works (Mya Han)<br />

(0JrS,m)<br />

udkEk<br />

udkndKjr<br />

udkatmifqef;<br />

udk&m½Spf<br />

(4) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD} aqmif;yg; *,ufrsm;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;ü cyfat;at; pmusuf? pmoif? pdwf&if;aumif;eJY vmolrsm;onf q&mh0wf? wynfh0wf<br />

ausyGefonfh &if;&if;ESD;ESD; arwåmapwemavmursKd; rawGU&bJ ocifESifh uRefyrmqufqHa&;rsm; rarQmfvifhbJ<br />

uoduatmufrsm; awGUMuHKvm&onf/ wuúodkvftmPmydkiftzGJU tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDwGifyg0ifaom Armrsm;onfvnf;<br />

ajyvnfa&;udk tm;ray;? udk,fhtrsKd;om; wynfhvli,frsm;udk &efvkyf&ef? ta&;,l&ef? acsmufwGef;&ef pdwfxm;rsKd;om<br />

tHhMop&m awGUMuHK&onf/ wuúodkvfe,fajronf wuúoDvm at;&dyfomrsKd;r[kwfbJ zkwfNydwåmrsm;BuD;pdk;&m wapä½Gm?<br />

Muyf½Gmvdk jzpfvmonf/ a½S;a[mif; *&djynfu jyZmwfa&;q&mBuD; ,l&DyD'D;&JUtqdkrSm ewfa'0grsm;[m olwdkY tvdk<br />

r½Sdolrsm;udk zsufqD;csifaomtcg yxrtqifh taeESifh xdkolrsm;ukd ½l;atmifvkyf\/<br />

wuúodkvf tmPmydkifrsm;udk wefjyefwkdufyGJ0if&ef udkndKjronf txufyg xdk;ESufenf;udk owd&í xdkaqmif;<br />

yg;udk a&;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ tmPmydkifrsm; a'goxGufNyD; tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmf vkyfrdatmif? tdk;eif;cGufeif; jzpfatmif<br />

cyf½dkif;½dkif; pmayrsKd; tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wGif a&;NyD;xnfh&ef oabmaygufí i&JacG;aqmif;yg; xnfhvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

i&JacG;aqmif;yg;udk t*Fvdyfvdk a&;xnfhjcif;rSmvnf; taMumif;½Sdonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif yg0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf tjyifavmuwGif ocifawGu e,fcsJUu owfrSwfonfh *sydk;qef<br />

qef owÅ0gawGvdk txifao;? udkbDat NrdKUtkyfavmif;rsm;om txifBuD;onfhacwfwGif pmar;yGJwzkef;zkef;usol<br />

rsm;om <strong>or*¾</strong>wGif pka0;NyD; qlvm;ylvm; vkyfwwfw,f xifMuonfholrsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU0ifrsm; t*Fvdyfvdk a&;wwf<br />

ygw,f? r,HkvQif ausmif;tkyfBuD;pavmhudk,fwdkif zwfMunfhygqdkonfh &nf½G,fcsufESifh udkndKjr a&;vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

Zefe0g&DwGif tdk;a0r*¾Zif; yHkESdyfNyD;pD;í <strong>or*¾</strong>rS trawmfaiG 50d^- ay;&onf/ xdkaiGudk wESpfvHk; zlvHkatmif<br />

oHk;pGJEdkifygonf/ udkatmifqef;ESifh udkndKjrwdkYonf i&JacG;aqmif;yg;yg pmapmifrsm;udk wuúodkvfxJodkY rMumrD<br />

aygufuGJaprnfh rdkif;AHk;rsm;vdk o,faqmifvmNyD; jzefYa0vdkonf/ 1936 aumvdyfoydwfBuD;onf BudKwifMuHpnfjcif;<br />

r½SdbJ taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm jzpfay:vmNyD; pnf;vHk;nDnm? atmifaMumif;jzm qdkouJhodkY nDñGwfpGm &yfwnfrIaMumifh<br />

&mcdkifEIef;jynfh atmifjrifoGm;onfh udpöjzpfonf/<br />

udkndKjronf i&JacG;aqmif;yg;ESifh tmPmydkifrsm; aysmhuGufudk xdk;ESufvdkufaomtcg b,folYudkrS aoazmf<br />

rn§dcJhay/ 'Dudpö[m tEÅ&m,f½SdNyD; ausmif;xkwfcH&&efrsm;í t,f'Dwmudkatmifqef;uvJGNyD; rnfolrQ todray;<br />

cJhacs/<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

71

72<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkatmifqef;uvJ ]udk,fUvl at;at;aeyg} vdkY udkndKjrudk wcGef;xJ ajymzl;onf/ &ifqdkifp&mudpö<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD;eJY qdk&if olwa,mufxJ vkyfoGm;r,f? udkEkuvJ ausmif;xkwfwm b,folYrS tultnD rawmif;cJhbl;?<br />

u,fyg u,fygvdkY rajymcJhbl;? <strong>or*¾</strong>jyefMum;a&;Xmeukdvnf; bmrS ta&;,lrcdkif;cJhacs? qE´jy&ef ausmif;om;rsm;udk<br />

rvHIYaqmfcJhacs? NidrfNidrfuav; cH,lcJhayonf/<br />

i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD aqmif;yg;onf-<br />

(1) npfnrf;csufyg½Sdapumrl vuf½SdtajctaeESifU udkufnDí a&;wmenf;ao;onf[k oydwfarSmuf tif;vsm;olrsm;u<br />

rSwfcsufcsonf/<br />

(2) ¤if;aqmif;yg;udk &efukefESifU rEåav;ausmif;om;rsm;u tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u tEå&m,fuif;*gxm wckvdk usuf<br />

rSwf½GwfqdkcJUolrsm; ½Sdonf/<br />

(3) tJ'Daqmif;yg;yg½Sdaom tdk;a0r*¾Zif;onf apmifa& (500) om xkwfa0cJUonfrSm ravmufriS jzpfcJUonf/<br />

wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u xdkaqmif;yg;½Sif\ usL;vGefyHkudk tpdk;&XmetoD;oD;odomMu&ef 0g'jzefh&ef vufESdyf<br />

pufESifU apmifa&rsm;pGm jzefhjzL;cJUonf/ 'kwd,tBudrf yHkESdyfjcif;jzpfí wjynfvHk;odkh jyefhoGm;onf/<br />

(X) oydwfpwifjzpfay:vmjcif;<br />

þodkYjzifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;onf udkEka0zefcsufudk rausreyfjzpfaepOf tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg i&JacG;BuD;<br />

aqmif;yg;ESifh ywfoufí udkatmifqef;u trnfrazmfxkwfojzifh pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufí ajz½Sif;&ef<br />

ajymaomtcg pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDonf olYtm; trSm;udkjyKvkyfcJhonf[k xifjrif,lqcJhaomf olonf<br />

trSm;ukd 0efcH&ef toifh½SdaMumif;? odkYaomf i&JacG;aqmif;yg;½Siftrnfudk razmfxkwfEdkif[k pmjyefvdkufonf/ pnf;urf;<br />

xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDESifh udkatmifqef;oGm;awGUpOf olYtm; >cif;csufr½Sd awmif;yef0efcs&rnf[k wnhfwdk; ajAmifus<br />

ar;cGef; rawmif;qdkcJhay/<br />

1936 azazmf0g&D (21) &ufwGif ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmhonf udkEktm; ausmif;rS xkwfy,fonfhpm<br />

ydkYvdkufonf/ udkEkonf xdktaMumif;ukd rnfolYudkrQ todray;/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;pavmhodkY pmwapmifa&;om;í<br />

jyefvdkufonf/ ¤if;pmwGif udkEku ausmif;Oya'ynm&yfrsm;ukd qnf;yl;&ef jyefvnfwufa&muf ynmoifMum;aejcif;rSm<br />

EdkifiHa&; vkyf&mwGif vG,fulap&eftwGuf jzpfaMumif;? ausmif;rS ,ckuJhodkY xkwfvdkufí aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om<br />

aMumif;? taMumif;um; EdkifiHa&;wGif tcsdefjynfh 0ifa&muf vkyfudkifEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfaMumif;? ArmjynfwGif þvdk<br />

r[kwfrcH raMumufr½GHUyk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf; ½Sdaeao;aMumif;ukd rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh qHkpnf;rdygu rpöwmpavmh ajymjyap<br />

vdkaMumif;jzifh ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmhxH pmwkHYjyefcJhonf/ xdkYjyif ukdEkonf ¤if;\ B.A. bJGUudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

xH jyeftyfvdkufavonf/<br />

udkausmfNidrf;onf udkEk ausmif;xkwfcH&NyD;aemuf ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmhESifh oGm;a&muf aphpyfaomf<br />

vnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]rif;wdkhvkyfcsif&mvkyf? igavQmhray;Ekdifbl;} [k ajymí wif;rmrI avsmhroGm;ay/ xdkESpf<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUonf wuúodkvfü jzpfyGm;onfh ta&;tcif;rsm;udk wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;ESifh at;at;csrf;csrf;?<br />

aphpyfajz½Sif;&ef rlcsxm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh udkEk ausmif;xkwfcH&onfh udpöudk ol\udk,fa&;udk,fwm[k oabmxm;vsuf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ukd todray;bJxm;avonf/<br />

azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufaeY? nae (4) em&DwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| udkEktm; ausmif;xkwfcH&onfh udpöESifhywfoufí<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftpnf;ta0; usif;yavonf/ udkEku olYtwGuf usefolrsm; tepfemcH&rnfudk rvdkvm;? olausmif;<br />

xkwfcHrnf[k ajymonf/ udkxGef;tkHu udkEkudk ausmif;xkwfvdkufjcif;onf udkEk wOD;wnf;twGuf r[kwf? <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

trIaqmifwzGJUvHk;ESifh ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udpö jzpfonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|udk ausmif;xkwfjcif;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>udk apmfum;&m<br />

usonf/ usaemfwdkY oydwfarSmuf (udk,fcsif;pmoydwf) rnf/<br />

udkoD[efu 0ifaxmufcHonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf udkEku wOD;pD oabmxm;rsm; par;onf/<br />

udkatmifqef;u apmifhMunfhcsifao;onf [kajymonf/<br />

udkxGef;tkHu udkatmifqef;udk ]cifAsm;udkvnf; (29) &ufaehpmar;yGJajzwJUaeh waehrSm cifAsm;udk ausmif;xkwfwJU<br />

taMumif;Mum;pmay;r,fvdkh twdtus odxm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fU cifAsm;udpöudk xm;yg/ udkEkudk ausmif;xkwfvdkufwmeJh<br />

ywfoufNyD; usaemfwdkh udk,fcsif;pm oydwfvkyf&r,f} [kajymonf/ xdktcg udkatmifqef; oabmwlonf/ udk&m½SpfESifh

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udktkef;wdkYuvnf; oabmwlonf/ udkomvS? udkxGef;wif? udkbqufwdkYuvnf; ]trsm;vkyf&if usaemfwdkh vkyfrSm<br />

ayghAsm} [kajymonf/ xdkYaMumifh usef½Sdaom trIaqmif (8) OD;onf ukd,fcsif;pmoydwf vkyf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/<br />

azazmf0g&Dv (25) &uf ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;ü trIaqmiftzGJUonf pmar;yGJrajzbJ oydwfarSmufrnfjzpfaMumif;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm; today;&efESifh 'k-Ouú| udk&m½Spf obmywdvkyf&ef trIaqmiftzGJUu qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (8) OD;onf pmar;yGJrajzbJ oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfxGufcGmvm&m<br />

1920 'DZifbm? (5) &uf yxraumvdyfoydwf tNyD;ü ordkif;wGif&pfcJhonfh 'kwd,wuúodkvf ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;<br />

pwif jzpfay:vmcJhayonf/<br />

azazmf0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYxkwf jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmwGif pmvHk;rJBuD;jzifh <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| udkEk ausmif;xkwf<br />

cH&onfhowif; ygvmavonf/ udkatmifqef;udkvnf; i&JacG;BuD; aqmif;yg;aMumifh ausmif;xkwfcH&rnf[k owif;<br />

xGufaeonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDtkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUu qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD;NyD[k owif;xGufvmayonf/ (udkatmifqef;udk<br />

oydwfarSmufNyD; wvMumrSom aMumfjimoifykef;wGif ausmif;xkwfrdefY xkwfjyefcJhavonf/) wausmif;vHk; ajcmufjcm;<br />

oGm;onf/ vIyfvIyf½G½G jzpfvmonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; pk½Hk;pk½Hk;ESifh aqG;aEG;vmMuonf/ ]udkEkudk ausmif;xkwfwm<br />

igwdkh ausmif;om;awGudk apmfum;wmyJ? tEdkifusifUwmyJ? wzufowfusvGef;onf} [k ajymvmMuonf/ ausmif;udk<br />

oydwfarSmufMurnf[k wD;wdk;pum;oHrsm; xGufvmonf/ oydwfarSmuf&ef tcsif;csif; qG,fMuonf/<br />

azazmf0g&Dv (14) &uf aeYcif;ü oxHkausmif;aqmifwGif udkMunf (aemif opfawmrif;BuD;) \ tcef;ü<br />

udkarmifarmif (udkMunf\ tudk)? udkodef;atmif (1300 jynfh ausmif;om;oydwfacgif;aqmif)? udkbaomf (aemif<br />

&efukefjrLeDpDy,f twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;)? udk0if; (armfvNrdKif)? ukd[kwfuef (ocsFm*kPfxl;)? udkcifarmifuav; (aemif<br />

0efBuD;) wdkYonf udkEkudpöudk aqG;aEG;í oydwfarSmuf&ef pnf;0g;½dkufMuonf/ xdktcsdef ukdxGef;tkHa&mufvmNyD;<br />

azazmf0g&Dv 25 &ufaeYü wifoGif;rnfh tqdk 2 ckudk zwfjyonf/ xdktcg udkcifarmifav;u ]cifAsm;wdkh ajymwJYtwdkif;<br />

wuúodkvfOya'udk wdkufzsufzdkh &nf½G,f&if oydwfarSmufrSjzpfrSmaygh/ onfawmU <strong>or*¾</strong>taeeJh wuúodkkvfOya'udk<br />

a[monfvdk? a[monfvdk jyifay;yg? jyifray;&if oydwfarSmufr,fvdkh &mZoHay;&r,f/} udkMunfu ]cifAsm;wdkh<br />

tqkdawGu w,faysmhwmudk? vkyfr,fUvkyf oydwfarSmufzdkh tqdkwifoGif;NyD; wcgwnf; oydwfarSmufvdkuf Muygvm;?<br />

usaemfuawmh oydwfarSmufwJUbufuyJ}<br />

udkxGef;tkH tm;vHk;udkMunfhí 0rf;omoGm;onf/ ukdxGef;tkHu udkcifarmifuav;tm;<br />

]reufjzef (25) &uf tpnf;ta0;rSm cifAsm;pum;ajym&J&JYvm;} [k ar;onf/<br />

]usaemf bmvdkhrajym&J&rSmvJ? bmajym&rSmvJ}} [k jyefar;aomtcg<br />

]tqdkwif&r,f} [k udkxGef;tkHu udkcifarmifuav;tm; pm½Gufay;onf/ xdkYaemuf udkxGef;tkHu ]udkcif<br />

armifuav;? cifAsm;&xm;wJU qif;&Jom;axmufyHUaMu;awmU jyKwfrSmaocsmNyDAsKdY} [kajym&if; tcef;xJrS xGufoGm;<br />

onf/ udkxGef;tkH wm0ef,laom tqdkESpfckudkaxmufcH&ef udkvSaz (aemif Adkvfvusfm)? udkOD;ausmfZH (aemif bDyDtdkif<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;a[mif;)? udkb[ef (aemif AdkvfrSL;BuD;) wdkYudk a½G;cs,fcJhonf/ udkOD;ausmfZH a½SUwef;rxGufvdkí<br />

udkpdefwdk; (aemif vl0ifvlxGufXme vufaxmifñTefMum;a&;0ef) udk wm0efay;onf/ udkxGef;tkHESifh udkvSazonf<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm;odkY oGm;í ausmif;om;rsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>tpnf;ta0;wuf&ef vdkufvHEdI;aqmfavonf/ yJcl;aqmifodkY<br />

a&mufaomtcg rsufESmjzLujym;onf pum;wvHk;rS rajymbJ udkxGef;tkHudk pdkufMunfhNyD;vQif ]xGD} ueJ wHaxG;axG;NyD;<br />

pmqufzwfaeonf/<br />

rsufESmjzLujym;wdkif; r[kwfay/ yk*HaqmifrS [ife&Dprkduf (ac:) udkvSatmif (aemif AdkvfrSL;BuD;vSatmif?<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ajrwdkif;Xme? ñTefMum;a&;0efESifh &efukef wd&pämefO,smOfBuD;Muyfa&;tzGJU Ouú|)? tif;0ausmif;aqmifrS<br />

udk[m'D (aemif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;a[mif;)? oxHkausmif;aqmifrS udkwDuvpf (aemif AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;? wyfrawmfav)<br />

wdkYonf rsufESmjzLujym;rsm; jzpfaomfvnf; oydwfarSmufudpöwGif wufwuf

74<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

nü 1934-35 <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmif udkodef;aza&;om;aom ]ewftdk;uGJ} pmwrf;rSm ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü rdk;usa½Tudk,fuJhodkY<br />

yvlysH vmayonf/<br />

Source: Portraits (DTY)<br />

ewftdk;uGJ<br />

Armqdkwm ocifrsKd;? uRefrsKd;r[kwf<br />

odkYtwGuf ocifusifh usihf? ocifMuH MuH?<br />

'l;rwkefbl;? &ifrckefbl;/<br />

rnfolYtapmfum;rS rcH/<br />

apmfum;wJholudk 'l;eJYwdkufr,f/<br />

udkodef;az (odef;azjrifh)<br />

jrif;pD;í txD;rSef; trrSef;rodvQif vltvle[k ac:Muonf/ odkYjzpfvQif igwdkYwawGonf igwdkY oifMum;<br />

aeaom ynmonf ynmwkavm? ynmppfavm[k a0zefrodvQif igwdkYtm; urÇmu vltvleawG[k ac:qdkavrnf/<br />

o[mu Oóz,m;avm? pdefppfavm? vlt? vle? vlnHh? vlYrEl;reyf? vlpdrf;pyf tjzpfrsKd; ra&muf&ef igwdkY<br />

ckoifaeaom ynmvnf; tb,ftajctaeqdkonfudk igwdkY odzdkYvdkavonf/ a½S;u wuúodkvfynmukd uRefynm[k<br />

vnf;aumif;? NrdKUtkyfynm[k vnf;aumif; trsKd;rsKd; ac:Muayonf/ xdkpum;onf igwdkY ckacwfü rrSefawmh/<br />

tck igwdkY ynmonf ewftdk;uGJynmomwnf;? ewftdk;uGJwdkY rnfonf tb,fae&mrQ oHk;í raumif;ay/<br />

ewftdk;uGJynm [kwfyg\avm? rSefyg\avm? uJ jy½kyfxkwfMupdkY/<br />

bDtufpfpD atmifvQif bmvkyfwwfygoenf;/ tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;ü pufbufuqdkygvQif em&D? armfawmfum;?<br />

av,mOfysH ponfwdkYudk vkyfwwfonf/ qyfjym? acgif;vdrf;qDrSpí txnftvdyf? ouúvyf? ydk;? zJ ponfwdkYudk<br />

vkyfEdkifonf/ a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&;wwfjcif;? tysif;ajy pmzwfwwfjcif;? pdwfEl;nHhí uRefoabm jzpfcsifjcif;rS wyg; tjcm;taMumif;udk rwwfacs/<br />

onfpum;ESifh ywfoufí jrefrmpmñGefYaygif; ed'gef;usrf;wGif<br />

I hope this work will furnish ample materials to write text books in Burmese for use in all<br />

schools <strong>and</strong> colleges in Burma with a view to inculcating imperial idea as it is intended.<br />

ponfjzifh pmwnf;ua&;cJhonf/ xdkYtwl txufygq&mBuD;rsm; pmudkoifay;aeonfrSm tifyD&D,,f<br />

&xm;BuD; rSefrSefNidrfNidrf armif;Edkif&efjzpfonf/<br />

Political Science udk oif&müvnf; Political Science vdkY bmhaMumifhac:&yHk/ State qdkonfum;<br />

b,fvdkb,f0g? Constitution qdkonfum; onfuJhodkY ponfjzifhom oif&if; tcsdefukefcJhonf/ ,HkrSm OD;csKdr½Sd?<br />

a>rrSm ajcrayguf qdkoavmufom ½SdcJhonf/<br />

odkYjzpfí 0dZÆm? odyÜHynmonf þenf;twdkif;qdkvQif ysm;&nfr½Sdaom ysm;tHk? tqHr½Sdaom opfMum;oD;?<br />

teHYr½Sdaom aygufaygufyef;ESifhom wlbdonf/ K.S.M, A.T.M ponfhbGJUrsm;udk igwdkYausmif;om;rsm;onf uJh&JUcJh<br />

Mu\/ igwdkY B.A, B.Sc. wdkYESifh xdkbGJUrsm;rSm rsm;pGmruGmvSonfudk owdjyKrdyg\avm/ a½S;url xdkpmar;yGJrsm;<br />

atmifvQif tpdk;&xHü tvkyf&ao;\/ olaX;wdkYxHü tvkyf&Muao;\/<br />

,ckrl tpdk;&u tvkyfaemufxyf rcefYonfhtjyif vuf½Sdrsm;udkvnf; jzKwfypfaeacsNyD/ olaX;wdkufrsm;wGif<br />

vnf; B.A, B.Sc., awG B.L., awG nyfaeNyD/ igwdkY ae&mr&Muawmh? acG;ae&mr&awmhonfESifh rjcm;awmhNyD/<br />

Armav;awG arQmfvifhjcif;uif;í xif&mr&rf;Mu&ef I.C.S., B.Sc., tpdk;&ynmoifponfrsm;u ½Sdygao;\/<br />

odkYaomf w&mwa,mufrQ r½Sd&um; aygufyifudk armhMunfhum aygufyGifhudk trJom;rSwfí ajrmfrdrSm;aom acG;yrm<br />

igwdkY 'ku©ESifhawGUzdkYom ½Sdawmhonf/<br />

aemif- onfxuf Armrsm; cufawmhrnf/ wGJzuftpD&ifcHpmwGif igwdkYawGU&onfrSm rD;&xm;? taumuf½Hk;<br />

paom ae&mrsm;udk t*Fvdyfujym;rsm;twGuf tvkyfoD;oefYxm;&ef jzpfojzifh aejrifhav t½l;&ifhav qdkouJhodkY<br />

MumavnHhav jzpfcJhNyD/ abmvHk;uefwwfonfh wdkifatmif taumuf½Hk;ü tvkyf&csifrS &awmhrnf/ igwdkYESifhwuG<br />

igwdkYwrsKd;vHk; epfemacsNyD/ aumif;EdkifMuygao;\avm/<br />

þodkY tESpfr½Sd tumtwdjzpfaom ynm&yfrsm;udkyifvQif igwdkYArmuav;rsm;rSm aiGukef? tcsdefukefcHí<br />

oifMum; aeonfomru ausmif;wGif aeonfhtcgvnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD; paom q&mrsm;\ trsKd;rsKd; csKyfcs,fjcif;udk<br />

uRJ? EGm;rsm;yrm cHMuapvdkao;\/<br />

tdk- ausmif;awmfom;wdkY? igwdkY vlBuD; rdbwdkYonf om;orD;rsm;udk vljzpf&ef þausmif;odkY xm;jcif;<br />

jzpfonf r[kwfygavm/ odkYjzpfvQif b,ftwGuf vlYtcGifhta&;udk em;rvnfoa,mif? aMumifawmifawmif vkyfí<br />

aeMubdoenf;/ rdrdwdkY tcGifhta&;½SdorQ ajyma&;qdkcGifh[lorQwdkYudk ]qdka&;½Sdu qdkwwfpG} qdkouJhodkY ajymMu?<br />

jyMu? vkyfMurS oifhayrnf/ odkYr[kwfygu igwdkYomru wrsKd;vHk;ESihfwuG aemiftqufquf þausmif;odkY a&muf½Sd<br />

rnfh igwdkY\ trsKd;tEG,frsm;\ *kPfusufoa&udkyg xdckdufysufjym;rnfudk ,cku igwdkYu q,fwif&ef 0wå&m;½Sd<br />

ayonf r[kwfwHkavm/ oifwdkY vkyf&nfudkif&nftwGuf aemifvmaemufom;wdkY tusKd;cHpm;&vQif toifwdkY emrnfonf<br />

aemif &mZ0ifwGif O'gef;wGif&pf Muayvdrfhrnf/ toifwdkY\ 0wå&m;ukd toifwdkYraqmif½Gufu aemifvmaemufom;<br />

wdkY\ wHawG;cGufwGif tarmifwdkY emrnfawG yufvufajrmMuvdrfhrnf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh igwdkYab;udk igwdkYumuG,f&efrSm ]rnfolrjyK rdrdrI} qdkouJhodkY igwdkYBudK;pm;um aqmif½GufMu&<br />

vdrfhrnf/ igwdkY 'ku©rsm;rSm þnHhzsif;pkwfcsmaom ynma&;pepfaMumifhjzpfonf/ tdrfa[mif;udk zsufí tdrfopf<br />

aqmufouJhodkY igwdkY ynma&;pepf pkwfBuD;udk zsufí igwdkY tdrfopfaqmufMu ukefthH/ igwdkY ArmvlrsKd;ESihf<br />

wefaom igwdkY&xdkufaom ynmudk&atmif BudK;pm;MuukeftHh/ igwdkYonf 0dZÆm? odyÜHatmifvQif tvkyfvufrJhjzpfapaom<br />

pepfudkrvdk? igwdkYtm; xdkab;rS u,fq,frnfh ynmudk&apygonf/ pdeftppfudkay;rS auseyfMurnf/ Oóz,m;<br />

udkay;rl vm;vm;rQ r,lvdk/<br />

tdk- a½SUa&; aemufa&;udk arQmfawG;wwfMuaom wuúodkvfausmif;om;wdkY? ]vdkvQifMuHq enf;vrf;&}? ]BudK;pm;u<br />

bk&m;jzpf} ponfwdkYudk a½SUaqmifxm;í nDnDnmnm BudK;pm;Muygukef/<br />

tdrfaqmuf&mü opf½Sm? 0g;ckwf? vTwdkuf? aqmufxGif;? yJcGyfudkif ponfjzifh toD;oD; 0wå&m;½SdorQudk<br />

aqmif½GufMurS igwdkYESifhwuG aemifvmaemufom;rsm; vltjzpf wnfEdkifMurnf jzpfownf;/<br />

odef;az<br />

¤if;pmudk ausmif;om;rsm; atmfBuD;[pfus,f zwfMuonf? oabmawGUMuonf/<br />

1936 azazmf0g&Dv (25) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (2) em&DausmfrSpí wuúodkvfe,fajr vIyfvIyf½G½G jzpfvmonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODü ausmif;om;rsm; [dkwpk? 'Dwpk pkpk½Hk;½Hk;jzpfaeonf/ xdkaeYeHeufxkwf jrefrmowif;pmrsm;<br />

75

76<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wGifvnf; ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; nae (4) em&DwGif jyKvkyfrnfhtaMumif; ygvmonf/ udkatmifqef;udkvJ<br />

ausmif;xkwfvdrhfrnf[k owif;xGufaeonf/ xdkowif;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; ydkírauseyfMuay/ ]igwdkh tepfemcH<br />

MurS aemifvmrnfU ausmif;om;rsm; aumif;pm;rnf} [k ausmif;om;rsm; oabmaygufvmMuonf/ ,HkMunfvmMuonf/<br />

rcHcsifpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:vmonf/ pdwftm;xufoefonfxuf xufoefvmonf/ qE´jya&;xuf oydwf<br />

arSmufa&;yg pdwf0ifpm;vmMuonf/ nae (4) em&D tpnf;ta0; rwdkifrDtcsdef oydwfonf rdk;csKef;ouJhodkY jrnf[D;í<br />

ay:vmayonf/<br />

nae (4) em&D? <strong>or*¾</strong>tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;wGif ausmif;om; 700 ausmf½Sdonf/ trmcH ausmif;om;tcsKdU<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>a½SU jrufcif;jyifü pk½Hk;aeMuonf/ tpnf;ta0;cef;r Ouú|\ ukvm;xdkif aemufausmbufwGif o&JatmifvHukd<br />

tvsm;vdkuf csxm;onf/<br />

Ouú|udkEk 0ifvmaomtcg ausmif;om;tm;vHk; vufckyf em;uGJvkrwwf wD;Muonf/ udk&m½Spf 0ifvmaom<br />

tcg yxrenf;wl tm;ay;Muonf/ udkEkonf ausmif;xkwfcH&NyD; ausmif;om;r[kwfawmhí tpnf;ta0; obmywd<br />

rvkyfbJ owif;axmufrsm;\ a½SUqHk;tv,fwef;ü xdkifonf/ udkEk\ nmbufü udkatmifqef;xdkifonf/ udk&m½Spfu<br />

obmywd? udkoD[efu twGif;a&;rSL;vkyfonf/ ukd&m½Spfonf tpnf;ta0;ac:&onfh taMumif;&if;udk t*Fvdyfvdk<br />

tus,fw0ifh ½Sif;jyonf/<br />

udk&m½Spfu ]udkEk ausmif;xkwfcH&onfU udpöESifUywfoufí tm;vHk;odNyD;jzpfaMumif;? udkatmifqef;udkvnf;<br />

pmar;yGJrvkyfrD rwfvavmufü ausmif;xkwfrnf[k tcdkiftvHk od½Sdxm;aMumif;? aemif <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmif 3? 4 OD;<br />

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rdrdtrIaqmiftzGJYonf pmar;yGJrajzMu&ef qHk;jzwfaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; wdkufwGef;vdkaMumif;? odkhaomf<br />

þtpnf;ta0;rS qHk;jzwfcsufudk vufcHrnfjzpfaMumif;} ajymMum;oGm;onf/<br />

udkcifarmifuav;u ]ausmif;tkyfBuD;rpöwmpavmh jyKrlcsufrsm;onf tvGefyif emusnf;p&maumif;onf/<br />

usaemfwdkhonf vlnHUawGr[kwf? oHrPdrsm;jzpfonf/ oHrPdpdwf"mwf½SdaMumif; ,ckjy&rnf} [kajym&m MobmoHBuD;rsm;<br />

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tqdkwifoGif;onf/ udkoD[efu axmufcHonf/<br />

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a&mufonf/ ausmif;qufaeí tusKd;r½Sd? oydwfarSmufMuyg} [k tqdkwifoGif;onf/ udkatmifjrifhu axmufcHvdkuf<br />

onf/<br />

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toHrsm; tpnf;ta0;wcef;vHk; qlnHaeonf/<br />

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ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;rSxGuf&ef} tqdkjyKvkdufonf/ udkvSazu axmufcHonf/ tpnf;ta0;wckvHk; oydwfarSmuf?<br />

oydwfarSmuftoHrsm; qlnHvmonf/<br />

udkvSazu ]azazmf0g&Dv (23) &ufaehuyif <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifrsm;? tzGJY0ifrsm;ESifUtwl pmar;yGJrajzbJ<br />

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udkomvSu ]olonf tvGefqif;&J\/ olhOD;av;u ausmif;xm;í ausmif;ae&onf/ ausmif;rS axmufyHUMu;<br />

awmif;cHae&onf/ ol\b0&nfrSef;csufudk pGefhvTwfí pmar;yGJudk oloydwfarSmufvdkufNyD} [kajymonf/ udkpdk;jrifh<br />

(rdk;ndK) u ],aeh 'kwd,trsKd;om;aeh} [kajymonf/<br />

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wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDu ausmif;om;tcsKdUudk ac:,lESpfodrfhjzm;a,mif;um uwdrwnfrIrsm; jyKcJhavonfrSm<br />

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rsm;udk urm½Gwf*wfwJteD;rS <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODa½SUodkY armif;0ifvmaponf/<br />

obmywd udk&m½Spfu oydwfarSmufwifoGif;xm;onfhtqdkudk jyefpOf;pm;&ef (3) Budrfajymonf/<br />

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]pw½dkuf? pw½dkuf? oydwfarSmuf? oydwfarSmuf} [k jyefatmfMuonf/ udk&m½Spfu oydwfarSmuftqdkudk jyefpOf;pm;&ef<br />

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ay;jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

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aygufudk vufn§dK;xdk;í tif;vsm;aqmifrS ausmif;ol<strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,frsm; (15) OD;cefY - rcifjr (aemif uxdu?<br />

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ausmif;olrsm;onfvnf;-<br />

Rightly or Wrongly<br />

My Country is My Country<br />

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BudKqdkMuonf/<br />

oydwf oydwf? arSmuf arSmuf<br />

pavmU pavmU? xGuf xGuf<br />

udkatmifqef;udk ausmif;rxkwfeJh<br />

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uRefynma&;pepf? zsufypf zsufypf<br />

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a

78<br />

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vGefcJhaom (15) ESpfu aemifawmfBuD;rsm;\ ajc&mudkeif;í wnDwnmwnf; a

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4/ a':ESif;jr wdkY acgif;aqmifyg0ifonf/<br />

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udk&m½Spfu OD;aqmifa&;qGJavonf/<br />

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(¡) oydwft&Sdefwufvmjcif;<br />

ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;xJwGif tdEd´,wdkif;&if;om;rsm;? t*Fvdyfujym;rsm; yg0ifcJhonf/ ajcwzufjywf<br />

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t½Sdefjrifhvmonf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; pdwfxJwGif rdrdwdkYoifMum;&ef,lxm;aom bmom&yfrsm;ukd jyefvnfpOf;<br />

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ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wm0efcHrsm;u ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xH rdrdom;orD;rsm;udk oydwfpcef;rS ausmif;odkYjyefydkY&ef<br />

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axmufcH tm;ay;cJhonf/<br />

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csdefjzpfonf/ a'gufwmbarmfESifh rEÅav;OD;bOD;wdkYonf trsKd;om;wuf

80<br />

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atmif tiftm;jyoMuonf/<br />

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ta&;rsm; AGufaygufatmif vIyf½Sm;aecsdefjzpfonf/<br />

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jyKvkyfavonf/<br />

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¤if; (10) csufrSm-<br />

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6/ ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;\ vufwGif;ü ausmif;om;rsm;udk xkwfy,fEdkifaom tcGifhtmPmudk ½kyfodrf;í<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUüom xdktmPmxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

7/ tpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;u rEÅav;aumvdyfudk rzsufyg[k wm0efcHcsufay;&ef?<br />

8/ ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkYpmar;yGJtajzpmtkyfudk MunfhcGifhay;&ef?<br />

9/ oydwfarSmuf&yfpJaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; pmusufcsdef&&eftwGuf pmar;yGJudktenf;qkH; wva½TU<br />

qdkif;&ef?

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

10/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;tm; wdkuf½kdufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufíjzpfap ppfaMumar;jref;jcif;? tjypfay;<br />

jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfrnfr[kwf[k 0efcHcsufay;&ef?<br />

-ponfwdkYjzpf\/<br />

txufygawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk 'dkiftmcDtpdk;&? ,leDAmpDwDausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU ponfwdkYudk ay;ydkYawmif;qdk<br />

aomfvnf; ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUu usif;yaeMupmar;yGJudkom tcsdefrSefusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhonf/ wuúodkvftkyffcsKyfa&;<br />

aumifpDonf azazmf0g&Dv (28) &ufwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk ta&;,lcH&rnf jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/ xdkpOfu<br />

0efBuD;csKyf (2) OD;jzpfaom OD;babESifh a'gufwmbarmfu wwfEdkiforQ vkyfaqmifay;rnf[kajymaomfvnf; Oya'<br />

aumifpDwGif *VKefOD;apm\ uefYuGufrIjzifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm; r&½Sday/<br />

(w) 1936 ref;Oypmaumvdyf? udkA[def;ESifh ppfudkif;0dkif;pOfu<br />

1936 &efukefwuúodkvfrS udkEk? udk&m½Spf? udkatmifqef;wdkY OD;pD;NyD; oydwfarSmufaomtcg ref;Oypmaumvdyf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf azazmf0g&Dv (27) &ufwGif aemifawmfwuúodkvf ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;udk ulnDonfhtaeESifh<br />

0dkif;0ef; oydwfarSmufMuonf/ 1934 ckwGif ref;Oypmaumvdyfü ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> zGJUpnf;NyD;jzpfonf/ Ouú|rSm<br />

udkA[def;jzpfí? twGif;a&;rSL;rSm udkcifarmifwif jzpfonf/ udkA[def;ESifh udkcifarmifwifwdkYonf ta&;awmfykHtwGif;<br />

rEÅav;NrdKUay:rS ausmif;rsm;odkY vSnfhvnfNyD; oydwfarSmuf&ef vIHYaqmfonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;udk Oypm<br />

aumvdyfausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u OD;aqmifí xdef;ay;Muonf/ txufwef;ausmif;rS ausmif;om;aygif; (2000)<br />

ausmf yg0ifcJhonf/ oydwfpcef;rSm ousoD[bk&m;twGif;? taemufawmifaxmifh tkwfZ&yfBuD;jzpfonf/ xdktcsdef<br />

rEÅav;NrdKU ESifh teD;qHk;jzpfaom ppfudkif;txufwef;ausmif;rSm oydwfrarSmufao;ay/ ref;OypmaumvdyfwGif<br />

ppfudkif;rS ausmif; om; (10) OD;cefY½Sdaomfvnf; ppfudkif;ausmif; oydwfarSmuf&ef rBudK;pm;Edkifay/<br />

ppfudkif;ausmif;wGif aeYausmif;om;rsm;rSm (350) cefY? (120) cefYrSm taqmifausmif;om;rsm;jzpfonf/<br />

aeYausmif; om;rsm;om pnf;½Hk;í&ojzifh aeYausmif;om;rsm;u ref;Oypmaumvdyf½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tultnDESifh<br />

oydwfarSmufMu onf/ pmar;yGJrsm;jyKvkyfí rEÅav;wGifoydwfwm;&m ppfudkif;wGifvnf; oydwfwm;&ef vdkvmayonf/<br />

xdktcg ref;oydwfodkY tultnDawmif;&m udkA[def;ESifh udkcifarmifwif acgif;aqmifí oydwfausmif;om;<br />

(100) cefYonf ppfudkif;odkY oGm;a&muf oydwfwm;Muonf/ ppfudkif;ausmif;0if;twGif; ydwfqdkY½HkrQrvHkavmufbJ<br />

pmoifcef;rsm; ukdyg ydwfqdkY&ef vdkvmonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ppfudkif;ausmif;0if;rSm oGwfeef;BudK;<br />

av;wef;umxm;íjzpfonf/ ausmif;xJudk udkodef;armif (aemif AdkvfrSL;odef;armif) ESifh udkjrifhu<br />

tvHudkifí0ifoGm;onf/ xdkYaemuf q&mrsm;ESifh pum;ajym&ef udkjrihfESifh udkA[def; ae&mvJvdkufonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

rpöwma'gif;u udkA[def;wdkYudk oydwfrwm;&efESifh ausmif; ayguf0udk ½Sif;vif;ay;&ef<br />

]rif;wdkh xGufoGm;} [kajymqdkaomtcg udkA[def;u<br />

]usaemfrxGufEdkifaMumif;? oydwfarSmufaumifpD\ trdefht& vma&mufjcif;jzpfygaMumif;? xGufroGm;Edkifyg<br />

cifAsm;? tu,fí usaemfwdkh usL;vGefonfxifygu ykvdyfudk taMumif;Mum;ay;yg} [kajymonf/<br />

xdktcg ausmif;tkyfBuD;u<br />

]ig ykvdyfudk *½krpdkuf} [kajymNyD; olYnmvufz0g;jzifh udkA[def;yg;udk ½dkufcsvdkuf&m udkA[def;rSm þae&mü<br />

acGusoGm;onf/ oydwfwm;ausmif;om;rsm; ½kwf½kwfoJoJjzpfaepOf rpöwma'gif;onf tcsdefqGJraebJ ausmif;aqmif<br />

twGif;ü toifhapmifhaeaom ol\tvdkawmf&d abmf'gausmif;om;rsm; bufodkYvSnfhNyD;<br />

]wynfUwdkh? csMua[h? csMua[U} [k xyfrHatmf[pfum trdefYay;vdkufonf/<br />

abmf'gaqmiftwGif;rS uif;axmuf ausmif;om; (50) cefYonf cavmufwkwfBuD;rsm; qGJudkifum ajy;xGuf<br />

vmNyD; oydwfwm;ausmif;om;rsm; tm;vHk;udk odrf;usHK;NyD; ½dkufESufMuonf/ oydwfwm;ausmif;om;rsm;onf oydwf<br />

aumifpD tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsuft& bmrS jyefrvkyfMuay/ ausmif;om; (12) OD;cefY 'Pf&mtjyif;txef&½SdNyD;?<br />

udkA[def;tygt0if ausmif;om;trsm;pk 'Pf&m&½SdMuonf/ tjyif;xefqHk; 'Pf&m&olrsm;rSm udkwif (aemif AdkvfrSL;BuD;<br />

wifpdk;) ESifh udkyk (xdkpOfu 0ufpvD,ef ausmif;om;) wdkU jzpfonf/ ppfudkif;aq;½HkwGif aq;0g;uko&m roufomí<br />

rEÅav;aq;½HkodkY ydkYíuko&avonf/ oydwfwm; ref;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om; udkcifndK (aemif 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;)<br />

rSmvnf; t½dkufcH&ol ausmif;om;rsm;tm; umuG,f&ef vltkyfxJodkY ajy;0ifoGm;í ppfudkif;tpdk;& ausmif;om;<br />

uif;axmufrsm;\ wkwfpmjzpfoGm;onf/<br />

81

82<br />

(x) oydwfwm;xGufMujcif;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ukd&m½Spfacgif;aqmifaom oydwfarSmufausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkYpdwf"mwfrSm tjrifhqHk; a&mufaecsdef<br />

jzpfonf/ oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ pm;0wfaea&;udk acgif;aqmiftoD;oD;u wm0ef,l aqmif½Guf<br />

aeMuonf/ oydwfvkyfief;ay:vpD wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifa&;udpöwGif oydwfarSmufaumifpD0if (Inner<br />

Circle) ü tjrJaqG;aEG; wdkifyifaeMuonf/ oydwfarSmufolrsm;xJwGif tvdkawmf&d owif;ay;avmufaumifrsm;<br />

½Sdwef&monf/ rnfolrnf0g[k cGJjcm;odEdkif&ef udkausmfNidrf; acgif;xJwGif axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJUzGJU&ef pdwful;ay:vmNyD;<br />

oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;tm; udkausmfNidrf;\ axmufvSrf;a&;tzGJUrsm;u ½SJ'dk;vkyfonf/<br />

rwfvpmar;yGJudk wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u rjzpfjzpfatmif usif;y&ef qHk;jzwfNyD;jzpfonf/ xdkpmar;yGJ<br />

0ifa&mufajzqdk&ef A[kdausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; pkaqmif;aexdkifaponf[k udkausmfNidrf;\ axmufvSrf;<br />

a&;tzGJUrS oydwfowif; &½Sdonf/ xdktcsdefu ,leDAmpDwDausmif;om; OD;a&rSm (800) ausmf½Sdí aeYausmif;om;OD;a&<br />

(300) ausmf ½Sdonf/ ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;OD;a& (700) ausmf bk&m;ay:odkY a&muf½Sdaeonf/ ,if;tcsdefwGif<br />

rnfonhfudpöESifhjzpfap oGm;a&mufaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tmPmydkifwdkYu A[dkausmif;aqmifrsm;twGif; aeYa&mnyg<br />

ac:xm;onf/udkausmfNidrf; owif;rSm A[dkausmif;aqmifrsm;twGif; a&muf½Sdaeaom pmar;yGJ0ifajzvdkolrsm;qDu<br />

r[kwfay/ bk&m;&ifjyif oydwfpcef;odkY a&mufvmaom olrsm;qDu jzpfonf/<br />

xdkausmif;xJodkY a&mufvmolrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;u ppfaq;NyD; ausmif;aqmifwdkYwGif cGJí oD;jcm;xm;&m<br />

pm;a&;? aomufa&; usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;aeonf/ ,if;udpöESifhywfoufí oydwfarSmufaumifpD\ qHk;jzwfcsuft&<br />

pm;a&;? aomufa&; usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;olwdkYtwGuf tpm;taomuf aeYpOfoGm;ydkY&ef bk&m;&ifjyifoydwfpcef;odkY<br />

vmvdkolrsm;tm; nt½kPfwufcsdef ra&mufcif A[kdausmif;aqmifrsm; 0if;eHab;rS avSum;axmif xGufvmEdkifap&efwdkY<br />

jyKvkyfay;onf/ udkomvSESifh udkndKxGef;wdkYu tpm;taomuf ydkYMuavonf/ xdktcg ygarmu©rufudkif;u<br />

0if;wHcg;wGif ydwfapmifhaeonf/ oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfí 0ifcGifhrûy[kajymonf/ udkomvSESifh udkndKxGef;u<br />

tpm;taomuf rsm;udk oHwdkifMum;rS ausmif;om;rsm; tm;ay;rnf[k ajymaomtcg rpöwmrufudkif;u ]rif;wdkhodxm;zdkhu<br />

rif;wdkh oydwfarSmufwm ightaeeJh vkH;0oabmrwlbl;? 'gayr,fU rif;wdkh&JY vkyf&nfudkif&nf? pnf;urf;½SdrIeJh wnfMunfrIudk<br />

csD;usL;w,f} [k ajym&if; udkomvSESifh udkndKxGef; oHwdkifMum;rS tpm;taomufydkYonfudk bmrSrajymay/<br />

wzef 1936 ck? azazmf0g&Dv? 26 &uf? eHeuf (5) em&DwGif wuúodkvfausmif;odkY ausmif;om;tiftm;<br />

(300) cefYonf armfawmfum;jzifh oydwfwm;&ef xGufcJhMuonf/ oydwfaumifpD0if o&Jbat;u acgif;aqmifonf/<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>½kH;ü tpkcGJí ae&mcsavonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;ü oydwfwm;Mu&mwGif tif;0ausmif;aqmif oHwHcg;0ü vJStdyfaeMuaom oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;<br />

Source: Unknown

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(1) tif;0ausmif;aqmif a½SUwHcg;ayguf<br />

(2) tif;vsm;aqmif aemufzufwHcg;ayguf<br />

(3) *syfqifaumvdyfoGm;aom awmifzufvrf;rsm;ay:wGif jzpfonf/ wzufrSvnf; ¤if;aeY oydwfwm;<br />

onfudk wdkif;jynfrS odap&ef at0rf;ac: jrefrmtaqGukrÜPDrS udkwifarmifudk bdkifpukyf½kdufapjcif;? owif;axmuf<br />

rsm;udk "gwfykH½kdufapjcif; jyKvkyfonf/ tif;0ausmif;aqmifzuf ausmif;om;tenf;i,fESifh q&mrsm; acgif;aqmifí<br />

ausmif;wuf&ef xGufvmMu&m ausmif;om;rsm; txyfxyf ajrBuD;ay: tdyfjcif;? ausmif;rwuf&ef arwåm&yfcHjcif;rsm;<br />

jyKvkyf&m aemufqkH;rnfolrQ ausmif;rwuf0HhawmhbJ jyefoGm;Muonf/ aeYvnf (2) em&DtcsdefwGif ausmif;wufrnfhol<br />

r½Sdaomtcg tm;vkH;<strong>or*¾</strong>½kH;wGif pk½kH;um a½Twd*kHbk&m;odkY jyefvmMuonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; uwå&map;vrf;ay:wGif vSJtdyfNyD; aeylusJusJü oydwfwm;Mu&m olawmif;pm;ESifh rjcm;<br />

qE´jycJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ausmif;olrsm;xJu rtkH;? rtrm? rcifjr? rrBuD;wdkY yg0ifcJhavonf/ ausmif;olrsm;\<br />

]uRefpdwfarG;wJU wuúodkvfyg? raevdkh xGufcJUwm? wdkhwawG nDnmpk½kH;um? a½Twd*kHay:rSm}<br />

q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;uvnf; qdwfESifhacG; taqGcifyGef;zGJUNyD; tpm½SmxGufouJhodkY &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

rSm t½kdif;atmifqef;eJY ausmuf½kyfndKjrwdkYawGUNyD; tdk;a0r*¾Zif;vkyf&mu ig;yg;arSmuf (0g) oydwfarSmufukefwmyJ[k<br />

ajymayonf/ þodkY (5) &ufquf oydwfwm;cJh&m rwfv (1) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDu pmar;<br />

yGJrsm; udk ZGefv (10) &ufaeYodkY a½TUvdkufonf/<br />

oydwfarSmufpOfumvtwGif;ü oydwfr*¾Zif; (The Striken Number) udk xkwfa0onf/ i&JacG;BuD;vGwf<br />

aeNyD aqmif;yg; ygvmavonf/ udkodef;azonf t*Fvdyftydkif;udk t,f'Dwmvkyfonf/ udkndKxGef;onf jzefYa0a&;<br />

vkyfief;udk vkyfonf/ pmar;yGJa½TUqdkif;vdkufí ausmif;aqmifrsm;rS ausmif;om;tcsKdU tdrfjyefoGm;NyD; oydwfpcef;rS<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; oydwfpcef;wGif pmusufMuonf/ oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;u oydwfudpöqufvkyfonf/<br />

(') oydwfarSmufaphpyfjcif;ESifh oydwfvSefjcif;<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDonf tpnf;ta0;ü OD;apmESifh EdkifiHa&;tkyfpkrsm;onf pkHprf;a&;aumfr½Sif<br />

zGJUpnf;&ef BudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/ {NyDvtxd oydwfrvSefMuojzifh e,fcsJUtpdk;&onf [dkufukwfrS w&m;olBuD; OD;jrbl;udk<br />

Ouú|tjzpf xm;í pkHprf;a&;tzGJU zGJUonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDü ¤if;tzGJU½kH;xdkifí oydwfarSmufausmif;om;<br />

r[kwfaomolrsm;udk pkHprf;ar;jref;cJhavonf/ eef;&if;0ef a'gufwmbarmfonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;í<br />

xdkaumfrwDxJwGif ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifapvdkonf/ xdktcsdefwGif oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;onf<br />

[dkufpul;ausmif;om;rsm; tm;vkH; pnf;½kH;apNyD; oydwfarSmufaumifpDwGif ¤if;txufwef;ausmif;om;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifapavonf/<br />

arvwGif tpdk;&ESifh oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm; aphpyf&m toifhtwifhom ajyvnfonf/ wuúodkvfaumif<br />

pDwGif ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefwufa&;udpöwdkY ajyvnfonf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;udk tjypfray;&/<br />

pmar;yGJ0if&ef pmusufcsdefvkHavmufpGm &½Sda&;? ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;qufwnfjrJa&;udpöwdkY ajyvnf\/ odkYaomf<br />

jyifyrS wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ ajzcGifhudk a'gufwmbarmf\ ynma&;Xmeu oabmrwl? ausmif;vc taqmifvcvnf;<br />

ravsmhay;? wuúodkvftufOya'udk jyifqifay;&efudpöudk ½kwfw&uf raqmif½GufEdkifao;í w&m;olBuD; (OD;jrbl;)<br />

BuD;rSL;aom aumfrwDodkY vTJtyfvdkufonf/ xdktcg ajyvnfaom tcsufrsm;tay:rlwnfí oydwfpcef;ü tkyfpk<br />

(2) pk uGJoGm;onf/ udktkef;? udk&m½SpfwdkYu oydwfvSef&ef oabmwlnDNyD; udkvSaz? udkndKxGef;wdkYu oydwfqufvdkonf/<br />

aemufqkH;oydwf&yf&ef oydwfaumifpDu oabmwlNyD; 1936 ck arv (10) &ufwGif oydwfvSef vdkufonf/<br />

(") oydwf\ tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;<br />

1/ rwfv tv,fwGif ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwmpavmh ae&mwGif ygarmu©OD;azarmifwifudk ausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

tjzpf cefYvdkufonf/<br />

2/ 1920 jynfh ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;xuf 1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;\<br />

Edk;Mum;rI pdwf"gwf ododomom xifxif½Sm;½Sm; wdk;wufjynfh0rI ½Sdvmonf/<br />

3/ 1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;onf tcsdef,lBudKwifjyifqifí oydwfarSmufvdkufaom oydwfBuD;<br />

83

84<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

r[kwf/ e,fcsJUtpdk;&\ ESdyfuGyfvGef;rIaMumifhom jzpfcJh&aom oydwfBuD;jzpfí oydwfarSmufausmif;om;xk<br />

BuD;onf wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;ESifhwuG e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; EdkifiHa&; tiftm;pkrsm;twGuf BuD;rm;aom<br />

EdkifiHa&; tiftm;opfBuD;w&yf jzpfay:cJhonf/<br />

4/ aemiftem*wfwGif e,fcsJUudkwGef;vSefí vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rnf[k ocifatmifqef;? ocifEk?<br />

ocifodef;az (odef;azjrifh)? ocifvSaz? ocifA[def;? ocifAaqG? ocifoef;xGef;wdkY ay:vm&onf/<br />

5/ ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;rSm aemufqHk; oydwfvSefcJhaomfvnf; vli,fobm0udk azmfjyo½kyfaqmifaom<br />

jiif;cHkrIrsm; ay:aygufjcif;ESifh t,ltqjyif;xefolwdkYu wuúodkvfudk &moufyefpGefYvTwfoGm;Muonf/<br />

udkEk? udkvSaz? udkodef;az? ukdxGef;tkHESifh ausmif;om;tcsKdU ausmif;jyefrwufMuawmhay/ udkodef;azESifh<br />

udkxGef;tkHonf owif;axmufESifh aus;½Gmjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; ynmawmfoifqk&aomfvnf; pGefYvTwfNyD;<br />

EdkifiHjcm;odkY roGm;cJhacs/<br />

6/ oydwfacgif;aqmifudkEk\ ]NAdwdoQtpdk;&uzGifUay;wJU wuúodkvfrsm;[m vcpm;uRefuav;awG arG;xkwf<br />

ay;&ef uRefxkwfukefvkyfief;puf½HkawGjzpfw,f} [laom pum;onf ausmif;om;rsm;pdwfxJwGif pGJusef<br />

&pfcJhonf/<br />

7/ wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;xkpnf;½Hk;vIyf½Sm;rI ydkrdkodyfonf;ckdifrmvmNyD; ]ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> (Auo)} "All Burma Students' Union- ABSU" trnfjzifh azmfxkwfEdkifcJhonf/ Auoonf<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ordkif;pOfwGif yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf zGJUpnf;vdkufaom wjynfvHk;ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

8/ wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;\MoZm ausmif;om;xktwGif; us,fjyefYpGm xdk;ESuf0ifa&mufoGm;NyD; wdkYArmtpnf;<br />

t½Hk;ESifh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; ydkrdkcdkifrmpGm yl;aygif;rdvmonf/<br />

9/ 'kwd,tBudrf jynfvHk;uRwf ausmif;om;oydwfwdkufyGJBuD;onf awmif;qdkcsufrsm; vufiif;tm;jzifh<br />

tjynfht0 r&aomfvnf; EdkifiHa&;atmifjrifcsufrsm;rSmum; ½HI;edrhf&jcif;rsm;xuf omvGefum ordkif;wGif<br />

&pfrnfh atmifjrifcsufrsm; &½SdcJhonf/<br />

10/ 1920 jynfhwGif tufOya'udk jyifqifcsuf oydwfwdkufyGJrS r&½Sdaom ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'udk 'kwd,<br />

ausmif;om;oydwfu atmifjrifpGmjyifqifEdkifcJhonf/<br />

11/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf a'gufwmbarmf? wuúodkvfaumifpD0ifrsm;? EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;<br />

ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;rIaMumifh todÓPfrsm; zGHUNzdK;vmNyD;? rdrdudk,frdrd ,HkMunfvmum tpkd;&ESifh ygvDref<br />

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; em;vnfvmonf/ EdkifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rI? wGef;vSefrIESifU awGYqHkaqG;aEG;a&;udk em;vnfvm<br />

onf/ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rnfodkhuefhowf&rnf? wdk;csJY&rnfudk em;vnfvmonf/ tcsdefuefhowfrI?<br />

vlxkaxmufcHrI\ tquftoG,f? udk,fUudk,fudkxdef;csKyfjcif;ESifh NidrfoufpGmvdkvm;csufrsm; qGJqefhwifjyEdkifyHk<br />

udk oabmaygufvmayonf/<br />

12/ trsKd;om;wuúodkvf ay:aygufvmayonf/<br />

(e) trsKd;om;wuúodkvfjzpfay:vmyHk<br />

oydwfudktaMumif;jyKí trsKd;om;wuúodkvfwnfaqmuf&ef udkEktMuHxGufvmonf/ xdkYaemuf udkatmif<br />

qef;? 0wfvHkOD;odrf;armif? olaX;OD;oGif? ausmif;tkyfBuD;OD;bvGif? 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd? 0wfvHkOD;ausmfjrifhwdkY vufcHMuonf/<br />

trsKd;om;wuúodkvf wnfaxmifoifhNyD[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ 1937 wGif ArmEdkifiHudk tdEd´,EdkifiHrS cGJxkwfvdkufonf/<br />

'dkiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;ae&mwGif 91-XmetkyfcsKyfa&; a&mufawmhrnf/ xdktajctaeudk &ifqdkifEdkif&ef Arm ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;onf 0dZÆm? odyÜHynmrsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY wwfodzdkYvdkvmonf/ ¤if;ynmrsm;udk ArmpmjzifhydkYcsvQif vsifjrefpGm<br />

wwfp&m½Sdonf/ þodkYajrmfjrifí acgif;aqmifrsm;u trsKd;om;wuúodkvf wnfaxmif&ef MuH½G,fonf/ trsKd;om;<br />

wuúodkvf &HyHkaiG½Sm&mwGif NrdKUrausmif;ü tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf&m rsKd;cspfyk*¾dKvfrsm; wufa&mufMuonf/<br />

olaX;OD;oGif em,uvkyfNyD; &efyHkaiGOD;OD;zsm;zsm; 1000d^- usyf xnfhonf/ OD;oGiftvSLaiGudk udkatmif<br />

qef;u rauseyfacs/ &efyHkaiG odef;aygif;rsm;pGmvdkonf/ olaX;BuD;wa,muf\ aiGwaxmifrSm qifyg;pyfESrf;yufo<br />

vdkom jzpfonf/ xdkoabmtwdkif; udkatmifqef;u wHk;wdwdajymonf/ tpnf;ta0;rSm a½SUrwdk;? aemufrqkwf<br />

jzpfaeonf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

trsKd;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm;u xí<br />

]trsKd;om;wuúodkvfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf aiGodef;csD vdkw,fqdkwm rSefygw,f/ odkhayr,fU OD;oGifvdk<br />

yk*¾dKvfBuD;u aiG 1000d^- xnfUwm enf;w,fvdkh rqdkEdkifygbl;/ bmaMumifUvJqdkawmU avmavmq,frSm olhapwem<br />

o'¨gw&m;tavsmuf xnfUjcif;om jzpfw,f/ aemuf wuúodkvf jzpfajrmufwJUtcg apwemawG ydkvmNyD; xnfUvdrfUr,fvdkh<br />

arQmfvifUygw,f/ aemufNyD; 'Davmuftzdk;wefwJU yk*¾dKvfBuD;u wuúodkvfjzpfajrmufa&; tpnf;ta0;ukd tcsdefukef<br />

vlyef;cHNyD; em,uvmaqmif½GufwJUtwGuf wefzdk;[m rqHk;jzwfEdkifatmif BuD;rm;vSygw,f}<br />

xdktcgrS OD;oGif? udkatmifqef;ESifh y&dowfrsm; jyHK;Edkifonf/<br />

Mo*kwfvwGif trsKd;om;wuúodkvf naeydkif;oifwef;rsm;udk NrdKUrausmif;ü zGifhvSpfcJhonf/<br />

xdkoifwef;rsm;ü-<br />

(1) jrefrmhtvif;OD;pdef - owif;pmynm<br />

(2) ol&d,OD;vSaz - abm*aA'<br />

(3) a'gufwmxifatmif - t*FvdyfpmESifh EdkifiHa&;&mZ0if<br />

(4) ygarmu©OD;atmifvS - ocsFm<br />

(5) OD;xGef;ndK - yx0D0if<br />

(6) 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd - udk;cef;ysKdU<br />

(7) ynm0efaxmufa[mif; OD;zdk;pdef - jrefrmo'´g<br />

(8) OD;zdk;usm;ESifh OD;oufwif - &mZ0if<br />

ausmif;pmtkyfrsm;udk OD;zdk;usm; yHkESdyfwdkufrS udk,fydkif½kdufESdyf jzefYa0cJhonf/ OD;zdk;usm;onf aemufydkif;wGif<br />

wdk;wufa&;r*¾Zif;odkY vpOfaqmif;yg;rsm;a&;NyD; ¤if;aqmif;yg;rsm;udk ¤if;yHkESdyfwdkufrS vHk;csif;tjzpf xkwfa0cJh&m<br />

wdkif;jynftESHY tusKd;rsm;cJhonf/<br />

(y) trsKd;om;wuúodkvfzGifhyGJ qmOD;oGifrdefYcGef;tESpfcsKyf<br />

1/ trsKd;om;wuúodkvfonf rnfonfhwuúodkvfESifhrQ *kPfwk*kPfNydKif ESdrfcsvdkí wnfaxmifjcif;r[kwf?<br />

2/ ,leDAmpDwDü roifMum;Edkifaom toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yfrsm; oifMum;ay;&efESifh txufwef;ynmrsm;udk<br />

jrefrmbmomjzifh oifMum;ay;&ef?<br />

(jrefrmjynfwGifxGuf½Sdaom ukefMurf;rsm;udk ukefacsmzefwD;ay;onfh (College Industries) rsm; jzpfay:vmap&ef?)<br />

3/ ArmvlrsKd;rsm; MuHqwDxGif vmwwfap&ef?<br />

4/ pufrIvufrIaomfvnf;aumif;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;aomfvnf;aumif; usepGmvkyfudkifí wdkif;jynftusKd;<br />

aqmif½Gufwwfap&ef?<br />

5/ twwfynm tajccHA[kokw½Sdí ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfNyD;? 0D&d,vHkYvjzifh ÓPfynm tm;xkwfNyD; vkyfudkifjcif;jzifh<br />

BuD;yGm;wdk;wufap&ef?<br />

6/ Armjynfonf tdEd´,jynfESifh cGJcGmNyD;aemuf pufrIvufrIwdk;wufa&;twGuf a&aomufjrpfozG,fjzpfaom trsKd;om;<br />

wuúodkvfBuD; tqifhoifhwnf½Sdap&efESifh wdkif;jynfBuD;yGm;wdk;wuf&eftwGuf trsKd;om;wuúodkvf vdktyfaMumif;?<br />

7/ tm;BudK;rmefwufjzifh trsKd;om;wuúodkvfwnfaxmifí wuf

86<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(z) 1936 yxrtBudrf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (Auo) nDvmcH<br />

(arv 8 &uf? 1936)<br />

oydwfarSmufumv (3) vMumaomtcg &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) onf<br />

trsKd;om;a&; us,fjyefYaomvIyf½Sm;rIodkY ajymif;vJa&muf½SdvmNyD; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf trsKd;om;vli,frsm;udk<br />

acgif;aqmifvmum tusKd;aus;Zl;taeESifh Auoay:vmayonf/<br />

yxrqHk;tBudrf AuonDvmcHukd 1936 arv (8) &ufaeYwGif oydwf<br />

arSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;yg0ifNyD; *sLAvDa[mü usif;y&m yxrqHk; Ouú|taeESifU<br />

udk&m½Spfudk cefhtyfNyD;? udkatmifqef;udk 'k-Ouú|tjzpf cefYtyfvdkufonf/ udkA[def;<br />

(txufArmjynf udk,fpm;vS,f)? udkjyefY (aemif ocifjyefY? ucsifjynfe,f)? udkxGef;<br />

½Sdef (aemif Adkvf&efEdkif)? udkAaqG (aemif 0efBuD;csKyf)? udkvSa½T (aemif tmPm½SifvSa½T)?<br />

udkodef;atmif (aemif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif)? udkvSarmif? udkxGef;tHkwdkY wuf<br />

a&mufcJhMuonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;rS trsKd;om;a&;tzGJUcsKyf tpnf;ta0; us,fjyefY<br />

ap&efESifh trsKd;om;wuúodkvf wnfaxmif&ef? wkdif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh<br />

yxrqHkk; Auo<br />

Ouú| udk&m½Spf<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jynfwGif;ae vlrsKd;jcm;ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;pnf;&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhonf/<br />

1936 oydwfumvwGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf xifjrifcsuf<br />

rsm; uGJjym;onf½SdaomfvJ trsm;qEúdk vkdufemcJhMuonf/ aoG;pnf;nDñGwfpGmjzifh<br />

atmifjrifrIudk a½S;½IcJhonf/ udkEkonf pHjyacgif;aqmif wa,mufjzpfcJhonf/ ¤if;\<br />

Oya'oifwef;rS &½Sdaom tawGUtMuHKrsm;jzifh udk,fusihfw&m;? tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;<br />

rI? pkpnf;rIrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhonf/ nbufrsm;wGif rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&mü oydwfarSmuf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdudk,frdrd ,HkMunfrI½Sdap&efESifh wm0efrsm; ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmif&ef a[majymonf/ ukd&m½Spf?<br />

udkatmif qef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkxGef;tkHwdkY tjcm;udpörsm; tvkyfrsm;aepOf udkEkonf oydwfpcef;udk aumif;rGefpGm<br />

tkyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ oydwfNyD;aemuf ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk;onf trdajr vGwfvyfa&;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/<br />

rMumrDumvwGif wuúodkvfajrrS aeí vGwfvyfa&;twGuf tpDtpOfBudK;yrf;rIudk yHkMurf;azmfEdkifchJayonf/<br />

þodkYjzifh Auoonf awmfvSefa&;vrf;aMumif; (NAdwdoQe,fcsJUvufatmufrS vGwfajrmufa&;) vrf;aMumif;<br />

odkY csOf;uyfcJhonf/ wuouJhodkY udk,fydkif zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;udk a&;qGJEdkifcJhonf/ e,fcsJUvufa0cH ynma&;ukd<br />

pGefYvTwfí ausmif;om;rsm;onf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJxJodkY a&muf½SdcJhMuonf/ 1937 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om; oydwf<br />

acgif;aqmif udkEk? ausmif;q&m udkoef;xGef;wdkYonf jrefrmvGwfvyfa&;twGuf taxmuftul&ap&ef e*g;eD<br />

pmtkyftoif;udk xlaxmifcJhonf/ ¤if;toif;rS udkodef;az\ q&mvGef;tw¦KyÜwÅd? udkEk\ qdk½S,fvpf0g'? NrdKUr<br />

q&m[def\ bdk&pfta&;awmfyHk ponfh pmtkyfrsm; qufwdkuf xkwfa0cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tzdkY xdkpmayrsm;uvnf;<br />

aemufrS aphaqmfcJhonf/ zdESdyfrIawG? vlrIa&; tqifrajyrIawGvnf; wckNyD;wck MuHKawGUae&onf/ e,fcsJUtpdk;&qefY<br />

usifa&; pdwf"mwft[kefonf ydkí

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vTwfawmf zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/ (7) wef;rS (10) wef;xd tajccHausmif;rsm;wGifvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;<br />

ay:xGef;vmcJhayonf/ ¤if;wdkYpdwfwGifvnf; awmfvSefa&;pdwf"mwfrsm; pdrfh0ifysHUESHYvmonf/ e,fcsJUAsL½dkua&pD ynma&;<br />

pepfudk Ncdrf; ajcmufvmcJhonf/ AuotzGJUacgif;aqmifrsm;onf tvkyform;rsm;? awmifolv,form;rsm;? e,fcsJU<br />

pepfqdk;atmuf 'ku©a&mufaeolrsm;udk aumif;pGmpkpnf;EdkifcJhonf/ Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;onf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;<br />

rsm; &½Sda&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;twGuf trsKd;om;a&;vIyf½Sm;rI acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wGJzufEdkifcJhonf/ ordkif;pmrsufESmopf<br />

zGifhEdkifcJhonf/<br />

(A) e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;tp ausmif;om;u<br />

udkEkonf wuúodkvfrSxGufNyD;aemuf 'D;'kwf*sme,fwGif 0ifvkyfavonf/ jrefrmhtvif;<br />

owif;pmudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ udkvSazu wnfaxmifcJhonf/ The New Burma t*Fvdyfowif;pmudk<br />

aeYpOfxkwfrS wywf (3) Budrfxkwftjzpf ajymif;vJxkwfa0cJhonf/ ¤if;owif;pmudk a'gufwmodef;<br />

armifu ydkifonf/<br />

1937 wGif ¤if;owif;pmrsm;onf trsKd;om;a&;BudK;yrf;rI rvHkavmufí udkEk? udkvSaz?<br />

udkodef;azwdkYonf e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;udk wnfaxmifcJhavonf/ udkxGef;at;u aiGaMu;<br />

ulnDaxmufyHh ay;cJhavonf/<br />

1936 oydwftusKd;taeESifh ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSm EdkifiHa&;pmayrsm; avhvm&ef pdwftm;<br />

xufoefvmMuonf/ rmhufpf0g'ESifh vuf0Jpmayrsm; (wuúodkvfwGif r½Sdaom) udk e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;rS<br />

avhvmcGifh &vmMuonf/ udkbaomif;ESifh udkEkwdkY a&;om;aom 0w¬KESifh jyZmwfrsm;udk ausmif;om;trsm;pk tav;xm;<br />

avhvmzwf½IvmMuonf/ ¤if;pmtkyftoif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ wdk;wufrIpGrf;&nfudk ay;vmEdkifavonf/<br />

(b) Auorsm;tzGJU\ r[mAsL[mESifh enf;AsL[m<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUonf vlwef;pm;cGJjcm;jcif; r½Sdaom e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ tzGJUjzpfonf/<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUonf trsKd;om;a&;vIyf½Sm;rIudk qefYusifonfhtzGJUrsm;udk ,SOfjydKifwdkufcdkufrnf jzpfonf/<br />

xdkYtwl vlrsKd;ESifh bmoma&; cGJjcm;rIudkvnf; &ifqdkifwdkufckdufoGm;rnf/ ¤if;qefYusifrIrsm;udk vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;? rdefYcGef;rsm;?<br />

pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;jzifh qefYusifoGm;rnf/<br />

aemufvufwbufjzifh vlrsKd;EG,frsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm; AuotzGJUodkY pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm yg0ifvmEdkifa&;twGuf<br />

aumfrwDrsm;wGif yg0ifvmEdkifa&;twGuf tjrJowdBuD;pGm aqmif½GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;uJhodkY tiftm;awmifhwif;<br />

aom? xufjrufaom t½Sdeft[kefjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;odkY ysHUESHUpGm pdrfh0ifapNyD; ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk owif;<br />

odap&ef BudK;yrf;aprnf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk; yg0ifvm&ap&ef BudK;yrf;NyD; ryg0ifao;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; tpnf;ta0;<br />

rsm;udk zdwfMum;NyD; wufa&muf&ef BudK;yrf;rnfjzpfonf/<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUESifh tjcm;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUrsm; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifvnf; Auorsm;tzGJU\ atmifjrifrIrsm;udk<br />

wifjyrnf/ tm;upm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m pnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGifvnf; Auo\ tajctaersm;udk wifjyrnfjzpfonf/<br />

AuotzGJUonf ausmif;om;trsm;pkqEúdk av;pm;vdkufemNyD; ausmif;om;tenf;pkqEúdk tav;xm;um<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;\ qE´ESifh ar;cGef;rsm;udk vsifjrefpGm ajzMum;aqmif½Gufrnf jzpfonf/<br />

AuotzGJUonf 'Drkdua&pDvrf;aMumif;ay:ü tajccHwnfaqmufNyD; ausmif;om;trsm;pkqEúdk vsifjrefpGm<br />

taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½Gufrnfjzpfonf/<br />

tajccHynmESifh wuúodkvfausmif;rsm; tm;vHk;ü ausmif;om;rsm; aeYpOfvIyf½Sm;rIrsm;udk acgif;aqmifae&mü<br />

&½Sdap&ef BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ toif;tm;vHk;onf toif;tpnf;ta0;udk yHkrSef usif;yaqG;aEG;NyD; aus;vufrsm;txd<br />

pnf;½Hk;a&;qif; aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; yHkrSefjyKvkyf&rnf jzpfonf/ ¤if;a'orS ausmif;om;rsm; pdwfyg0ifpm;&efESifh vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;<br />

yg0ifvmap&ef BudK;yrf;&rnfjzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;? NrdKUe,f? aus;½Gm acgif;aqmifrsm;taeESifh tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\<br />

Source: Unknown<br />

87

88<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk yHkrSefowif;vTmrsm; jzefYcsdí ausmif;rsm;wGif vdkufemap&ef aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJrsm;udk usif;yNyD; AuonDvmcH qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk rvdkufemaom? yg0ifvkyfaqmifrI<br />

r½Sdaom <strong>or*¾</strong> tzGJUcGJrsm;udk ta&;,lpdppf&rnf/<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUonf tzGJU0ifwOD;OD;u trsKd;om;a&;vIyf½Sm;rIudk qefYusifvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>udk<br />

qefYusifvQifaomf vnf;aumif; ¤if;udk vsifjrefpGm pHkprf;ar;jref;í <strong>or*¾</strong>rS trsm;pkjzifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsum ¤if;udk<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rS xkwfy,fEdkifonf/<br />

-ponfwdkY jzpfonf/

Source: Internet<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;Ek<br />

(1935-36)<br />

jynfaxmifpktzJGUcsKyf Ouú|? EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ekyif jzpfonf/ ajrmif;jrc½kdif? 0g;c,frNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;NyD;<br />

zGm;ouú&mZfrSm 1907 ck? arv (25) &uf jzpfonf/ 0g;c,frNrKd h t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ESpfbmomoifausmif;?<br />

trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhNyD; &efukefNrKdU NrKdUrwkdif;&if;om; txufwef;ausmif;okdY ajymif;a½TU<br />

ynmoifMum;cJh\/ (10) wef;pmar;yJGukd NrKdUrwkdif;&if;om; txufwef;ausmif;rS atmifjrifcJhNyD;? wuúokdvfwGif<br />

ynmqufvufoifMum;cJh\/ 0dZÆmbGJUukd 1939 ckESpfwGif qGwfcl;cJhonf/<br />

yef;waemfESifh okH;cGNrKdU trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;tkyfBuD;tjzpf aqmif½GufNyD;aemuf 1934-<br />

35 wGif Oya'ynmqnf;yl;&ef wuúokdvfokdY jyefvnfa&muf½SdcJh\/ vpfvyfaeaom <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| ae&mwGif<br />

0ifa&muf,SOfNyKdif&m tEkdif&½SdcJhonf/ 1935-36 ckwGif wuo Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&onf/<br />

1936 ck ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykH ay:aygufcJhonf/ OD;Ekonf 1936 ck ta&;awmfykHtrSwftom; jzpf\/<br />

1936 ckESpfum; e,fcsJUorm;wefckd;xGm;aomESpf jzpfayonf/ e,fcsJUorm;rsm;onf wkdif;jynf t½Sifociftjzpfjzifh<br />

b0ifjrifhMuayonf/ t½kdtaoay;rIonf ¤if;wdkYtwGuf om,mrufarmzG,f jzpfvm\/ pum;ajymvQif “SIR”<br />

[laom pum;vHk;ukd xnfhajymrS raemckduf? oabmBuKdufcJhonf/ wuúokdvfausmif;om; wOD;u pmoifcef;wGif<br />

q&mbOD;tm; “SIR” pum;vkH;rokH;? ikH;wdwd ajymojzifh ta&;,ljcif; cH&avonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>onf ta&;,lcH&aom ausmif;om;bufrS &yfwnfcJh\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| udkEkESifh wuúokdvfausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

rpöwmpavmhwkdY tjyeftvSef pma&;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;bufrS &yfwnfum pma&;cJhaom <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|ukd<br />

ausmif;rS xkwfypfvkdufonf/<br />

wzef tkd;a0r*¾Zif;wGif ygaom “Hell hound at large” [laom aqmif;yg;ESifh ywfoufí wm0efcHt,f'Dwm<br />

ukdatmifqef; (AkdvfcsKyf) tm; ausmif;xkwfjyefonf/ “Hell hound at large” ]i&JacG;BuD;vGwfaeNyD} [l<br />

aom aqmif;yg;onf wuúokdvftmPmykdifwkdY\*kPfodu©mudk xdckdufonf? aqmif;yg;a&;olukd xkwfazmf&ef<br />

awmif;qkdonf/ wm0efcHt,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;u xkwfazmfrajymojzifh ausmif;xkwfjcif;jzpf\/ aqmif;yg;<br />

a&;olrSm ukdodef;wif ,ck tkd;a0 OD;nKdjr jzpfonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|ESifh trIaqmifwOD;tm; ausmif;xkwfojzifh? ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHBuD; ay:aygufvmavonf/<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykHonf wjynfvkH;okd ysHUESHYcJh\/ wuúodkvfrSpí txufwef;ausmif;rsm;txd oydwf<br />

arSmufcJhMuonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| ukdEku bDat0dZÆmbGJUukd jyeftyf qE´jycJhonf/ ykvdyf½kH;BuD;a½SUwGif t*Fvdyf<br />

,leD,H*suftvHukd rD;½IdUum qE´jycJhonf/<br />

89

90<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

oydwfpHkprf;a&;aumfrwDzJGUjcif;? qmjrbl; acgif;aqmifaom pkHprf;a&;aumfrwDzGJUjcif;jzifh oydwfta&;awmfykHudk<br />

NyD;jywfapcJhonf/ ta&;awmfykHonf (3) vrQMumcJh\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| ukdEkonf ausmif;om;rsm;\ cspfMunfav;pm;<br />

rIukd cH&onf/ ukdBuD;Ek[lí xif½Sm;cJhí ,ckwdkifyif ac:vsuf ½SdMuao;onf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| oufwrf;ukefqkH;í<br />

wuúokdvfrS xGufoGm;aomfvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>wGif jyóemay:vmonfhtcg a½SUaqmifajz½Sif;jcif; jyKcJh&avonf/<br />

ukdEkonf wuúokdvfrS xGufNyD; wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;okdY 0ifa&mufaqmif½Gufonf/ ppfrjzpfrDu wkdif;jynftm;<br />

ynmay;&mwGif ausmfMum;cJhaom e*g;eDpmtkyftoif;ukd xlaxmifcJh\/ t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;rsm; zrf;qD;jcif;cH&NyD;?<br />

*syef0ifvmaomtcgrS vGwfajrmufcJhavonf/<br />

*syefacwfwGif tpkd;&tzGJYü EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;tjzpf wm0efcH,lcJhonf/ ppftNyD;wGif zqyvtzGJYü 'k-Ouú|tjzpf<br />

aqmif½GufcJhNyD;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdYusqkH;aomtcg zqyv Ouú|ESifh 0efBuD;csKyf jzpfvmcJhavonf/ 1956<br />

ckepf ZGefvwGif 0efBuD;csKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufcJhjyD; 1957 ckESpfrwfvwGif 0efBuD;csKyf jyefjzpfcJhonf/<br />

zqyv uGJaomtcg oefY½Sif;zqyv Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½Gufí Ekdifawmf0efBuD;csKyfyif jzpfjyefonf/ 1958 ck?<br />

atmufwkdbmvwGif AkdvfcsKyfae0if;tm; tpkd;&tmPm vTJajymif;ay;cJhjyD;? 1960 ckESpfwGif usif;yaom taxGaxG<br />

a½G;aumufyGJBuD; jyD;aomtcg EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf tjzpfyif jyeffvnfwifajrmufjcif; cH&jyefavonf/ (tdk;a0)<br />

1962 ck? rwfv (2) &ufaeY AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; OD;aqmiftmPmodrf;csdef txd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyftjzpf<br />

aqmif½GufcJhonf/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; OD;aqmiftmPmodrf;cJhaom awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&rS OD;Ektm; 1966<br />

ckESpf txd xdrf;odrf;xm;cJonf/ 1968 ckESpf 'DZifbm (2) &ufaeUwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDuzJGUaom (33)OD;<br />

jynfwGif;nDñGwfa&;tMuHay;tzJGUwGif yg0ifonf/<br />

1969 ckESpf xdkif;EdkifiHodkU xGufvmNyD; ygvDref'Drdkua&pDygwD xlaxmifNyD; rqvtpdk;&tm; vufeufudkif<br />

awmfvSefcJhonf/ 1980 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (29) &ufwGif vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifh jrefrmEdkifiHodkY jyefoGm;cJhonf/<br />

1988 ckESpf? pufwifbm (9) &ufaeY 8888 vIyf½Sm;rIumtwGif; Mum;jzwftpdk;&zGJYpnf;NyD; EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf<br />

tjzpf aMunmonf/ OD;atmifBuD;ESifh a':atmifqef;pkMunfwdkYtm; ¤if;Mum;jzwftpdk;&wGif yg0if&ef<br />

zdwfac:cJhaomfvnf; uefYuGufcJhí Mum;jzwftpdk;&zJGYpnf;rI ratmifjrifcJhay/<br />

1988 pufwifbm (18) &uf ppfwyf (e0w) rS tmPmodrf;tNyD; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; zJGYcGifhay;aomtcg tapmqHk;<br />

wnfaxmifonfh 'Drdkua&pDESifhNidrf;csrf;a&;tzJGYcsKyfudk OD;pD;wnfaxmifonf/ Mum;jzwftpdk;&zJGYpnf;rIudk jzwfodrf;&ef<br />

jiif;qefojzifh OD;Ektm; e0wtpdk;&rS 1989 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (29) &ufaeYwGif tus,fcsKyfcs zrf;qD;cJhonf/<br />

1992 ckESpf? {NyDv (23) &ufaeYwGif aetdrftus,fcsKyfrS jyefvTwfay;cJhonf/<br />

1995 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (14) &ufaeUwGif &efukefNrdKUü uG,fvGefonf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- pmvHk;tapmif;ESifh azmfjycsufrsm;onf aemufqHk;vuf½Sd tajctaetxd qufvufpkaqmif; a&;om;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

tifwmeuf- 0DuDyD'D,m^ {&m0wDtifwmeufpmrsufESm^ 'DADbDowif;Xme/ OD;Ek\ ig;ESpf&moDArmjynf? 1941-45?<br />

{&m0wDpmaywdkuf/ wyfrawmfordkif;-yÍörwJG? 1962-1974? pm-108/

Source: Unknown; Portraits (DTY); Unknown;<br />

ASO's 50 Years; Portraits (DTY); Portraits (DTY);<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1936 'kwd,ausmif;om;oydwfumv ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;<br />

0JrS,m- udkndKjr? udkEk (vufnd§K;axmifí pum;ajymaeol)? udkxGef;wif? trnfrod? udkxGef;tHk? udkbat;? udktkef;? trnfrod? udkndKxGef;<br />

pm;yJGwzufjcrf;wGif xdkifaeolrsm; (0JrS,m)- udkcifarmifuav;? trnfrod? udkvSaz (AdkvfvuFsm)<br />

oydwfarSmufaumifpD twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkausmfNidrf; (aemif 0efBuD;)<br />

oydwfarSmufaumifpD0if rtrm<br />

(vlxka':trm)<br />

oydwfarSmufaumifpD0if udkvSaz<br />

(AdkvfvusFm)<br />

oydwfarSmufaumifpD0if udktkef;<br />

(aemif oHtrwfBuD;)<br />

udkcifarmifuav;<br />

(aemif 0efBuD; Adkvfcifarmifuav;)<br />

91

92<br />

1935-36 ckESpf tdk;a0r*¾Zif; wm0efcHt,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1935-36 tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD tzJGY0ifrsm;? a½SYwef; (0J) rS 'kwd,- wm0efcHt,f'Dwm udkatmifqef;? wwd,- udkodef;wif (tdk;a0OD;ndKjr)<br />

Source: Unknown

Source: Unknown<br />

1936 ck wuúodkvfoydwfarSmufaumifpD0ifrsm;<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wDaubGef; udkxGef;wif OD;xGef;ndK<br />

udkbat; udkatmifodef; udkpdk;armif<br />

rpöwmAm;rm; udkbquf udktkef;<br />

udkvSarmif udkoD[ef udkñGefh<br />

93

94<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

a½Twd*Hkoydwfpcef;rS tvSLcHxGufvmaom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

a½Twd*Hk awmifbufapmif;wef;½Sd wuúodkvfoydwfpcef;jzpfaom<br />

armfvNrdKifZ&yfaY½SwGif awGY&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

aY½Swef;- udkausmfNidrf;? udkndKjr? udkñGefh?<br />

aemufwef;- udkomvS? udkcifarmifuav;? udkxGef;tHk? trnfrod<br />

bk&;ay:ü awGY&aom oydwfausmif;olrsm;<br />

a½Twd*Hkoydwfpcef;½Icif;rsm;<br />

xrif;csufwm0ef,l&aom tdk;olBuD;tzJGY<br />

armfvNrdKifZ&yfü aumfzDaomufcsdef<br />

Source: Unknown

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1936 ck wuúodkvf oydwfarSmuf&mwGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; &efukefNrdKYwGif;ü pDwef;vSnfUvnfMuonf<br />

a½SYqHk;wef; vuf0JbufrS yxr trsKd;orD;- rcifjr (aemif ynma&;uxdu)? 'kwd,- rtHk; (aemif ygVd ygarmu©? rEåav;)<br />

Source: Unknown; YU History (Diamond Jubilee)<br />

1936 ckESpf? arv (10) &ufaehnwGif a½Twd*Hk&ifjyifay:ü ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfvSeftpnf;ta0;usif;yaeyHk<br />

95

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: RU History (Diamond Jubilee)<br />

1936 ck &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

'kwd,ausmif;oydwf<br />

o½kyfazmfumwGef;<br />

96

Source: RU History (Diamond Jubilee)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1935 rS 1936 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1936 ck 'kwd,ausmif;oydwf NyD;aemuf wuúodkvfr*¾Zif;ü azmfjycJhaom umwGef;rsm;<br />

97

98<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (7)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(u) &Srf;-Arm aoG;pnf;a&;tp wuo<br />

(1937 rS 1938)<br />

aoG;cGJtkyfcsKyfjcif;onf e,fcsJUwkdY\ enf;y&d,m,fjzpfonf/ ½Srf;? ucsif?<br />

u&if? csif; paom awmifay:om;rsm;ESifh Armrsm;ukd tquftqHrsm;pGm r½Sd&efESifh<br />

wOD;ESifhwOD; r,kHMunf&ef NAdwdoQu aoG;cGJxm;onf/ ½Srf;jynfokdY ArmjynfrS wkd;<br />

wufaom EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm; 0ifcGifhrjyK/ ref;Oypmaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong> ausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmif ukdA[def;ESifh ukdaX;NrdKif ('*kefwm&m) wkdY ½Srf;jynfe,f odEéDNrdKUokdYtvnf<br />

vm&m yk'fr (10) jzifh csufcsif;e,fESif vTwfcJhonf/ wuúodkvf a&muf½Sdaeaom<br />

½Srf;ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ygarmu© a'gufwmyD;aumuf tkyfcsKyfaom? tif;0ausmif;<br />

aqmifwGifom aexkdifapí wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>okdY 0ifcGifhrjyKay? ½Srf;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; aexkdifqufqHrIwkdYukd ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ½Srf;jynftpkd;&okdY vQKdU0Suf<br />

tpD&ifcHpmrsm; tcsdefrSefrSef ay;ykdY&avonf/<br />

]&efukefwuúokdvf ½Srf;jynfausmif;om;toif;} ukd 1936 ckESpfwGif wnfaxmif<br />

cJhayonf/ 1936 ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;wGif ukdwif{ tygt0if ½Srf;ausmif;om;t<br />

ukdwif{ (OD;wifat;- ½Srf;jynf)<br />

oif; taeESifh wuoESifh qufoG,fjcif; r½Sdao;ay/ ½Srf;jynfausmif;om;toif;<br />

Ouú|u wuoukd qlyla&;orm;tjzpf pGyfpGJykwfcwfvsuf owif;pmwGif aqmif;yg;a&;avonf/ olukd,fwkdifyif<br />

pdwfygí a&;oavm? tyrSDí a&;oavm rod&ay/ xkdtcsdef wuoOuú| ukd&m½Spfu ½Srf;jynf ausmif;om;Ouú|onf<br />

]rdrd\ aESmifBudK;ukd wyfrufqJ} ½Sdao;aMumif; jyefvnfacsya&;om;avonf/<br />

ukdwif{onf ukdA[def; ? ukdAaqG? ukdaX;NrdKifwkdYESifh &if;ESD;vmNyD; aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif ½Srf;jynfokdY<br />

jyefa&mufaomtcg pmMunfhwkduf? pmzwftoif;rsm; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfayonf/ a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

pmtkyfaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;? pum;&nfvkyGJrsm;? usbrf;pum;ajymyGJrsm; ? pmayNydKifyGJrsm;? a[majymyGJrsm; jyKvkyfonf/ xkdtcsdefu<br />

e*g;eDpmtkyfrsm;udk pmMunfhwkdufwGif ykvdyfrsm;u vma&muf½SmazG&m pmMunfhwkdufrSL;rsm;onf e*g;eDpmtkyfrsm;ukd<br />

vG,ftdwfxJxnfhí pufbD;jzifh vpfcJh&onf/ xkdtcsdefu ½Srf;jynfwGif e*g;eDpmtkyfukd vGwfvyfpGm zwfcGifhr&aom<br />

tcsdefjzpfonf/ 1939 'kwd,urÇmppfjzpfaomtcg ½Srf;jynfwGif EkdifiHa&;toif;tzGJ U r½Sdao;ay/ wuúokdvfausmif;om;<br />

wpkom wuo acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? wuorS wqifh wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vnf;<br />

aumif; &if;ESD;rI½SdNyD; ckdifjrJpGm qufoG,frI½Sdaeavonf/ ppfNyD;*syefrsm; usqkH;í r[mrdwfrsm; jyef0ifvmaomtcg<br />

*syefacwf wGif vGwfvyfpGm pnf;½kH;cGifh&aom tm½Svli,frS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf ocifpkd;? ocifoef;xGef;? OD;odef;azjrifh?<br />

ukdA[def;wdkY oifMum;ay;aom EdkifiHa&;oifwef;okdY vQKdU0SufpGm wufa&mufoifMum;cGifh &avonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf<br />

zqyvESifh tquftoG,f,l ½Srf;? Arm aoG;pnf;a&;ESifh e,fcsJUvufatmufrS vGwfvyfa&; &,la&;ukd pDpOfnd§EIdif;NyD;<br />

]½Srf;jynf jynfolYvGwfvyfa&;tzGJY} ukd w&m;0if yGifhvif;pGm xlaxmifNyD; EkdifiHa&;ukd pwif vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/<br />

þokdY 1936 wuúokdvf ½Srf;ausmif;om;tcsKdU tpjyKí pcJhaom aoG;pnf;rIvkyfief;rsm; tusKd;aMumifh<br />

1947 azazmf0g&Dv? (12) &uf ½Srf;jynfe,f yifvkHNrdKUü ]yifvkHpmcsKyfBuD;} ukd csKyfqkdEkdifcJhayonf/<br />

(c) 1936-37 AuoESifh wuo trIaqmiftzJGU<br />

The working committee of the All Burma Students' Union (Auo)<br />

The first working committee 1937-38 ( 1936 May to 1937 April)<br />

1/ ukd&m½Spf &efukefwuúokdvf (&efukef) Ouú|<br />

2/ ukdñGefY &efukefwuúokdvf (ppfukdif;) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

3/ Mr. T. K. Boon &efukefwuúokdvf (rEÅav;) aiGxdef;<br />

4/ ukdxGef;tkH &efukefwuúokdvf (rEÅav;) trIaqmif<br />

5/ ukdausmfNidrf; &efukefwuúokdvf (uom) arrS pufwifbmtxd<br />

6/ ukdatmifausmf &efukefwuúokdvf (ykodrf)<br />

7/ ukdbpH &efukefwuúokdvf (ppfawG)<br />

8/ ukdtkef; &efukefwuúokdvf (awmifil) arrSpufwifbmtxd<br />

9/ ukdatmifqef; &efukefwuúokdvf (ewfarmuf)<br />

10/ ukdvSarmif *syfqifaumvdyf<br />

11/ ukdA[def; ref;Oypmaumvdyf (rEÅav;)<br />

12/ ukdausmfjrifh &efukefwuúokdvf ( &efukef) (pufwifbmrS {NyD)<br />

13/ ukdvSa½T &efukefwuúokdvf (zsmykH) (pufwifbmrS {NyD)<br />

14/ ukdoD[ef &efukefwuúokdvf (aygif;wnf) (pufwifbmrS rwf)<br />

15/ ukdcifarmifwif ref;Oypmaumvdyf (rEÅav;) (rwfrS {NyD)<br />

1936-37 wuo trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ ukd&m½Spf Ouú|<br />

2/ ukdatmifqef; 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ ukdvSa½T twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ ukdndKxGef; tkd;a0r*¾Zif; wm0efcH<br />

5/ ukdodef;wif pmMunfhwkdufrSL;<br />

6/ rpöwmwDaubGef; aiGxdef;<br />

7/ ukdndKjr t,f'Dwm vlxkqufqHa&; owif;Xme<br />

8/ ukd0if;armif Indoor Games Officer<br />

9/ ukdcifarmifa*;vf twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

10/ Mr. Varma Editor, Union News<br />

11/ ukdwifarmifMuD; Ouú|? vlrIqufqHa&; aumfrwDcGJ<br />

99

100<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

12/ ukdwif pma&; wkdYjzpfonf/<br />

ukd&m½Spfonf <strong>or*¾</strong> (2) ckpvkH;\ Ouú|jzpfvmNyD;? ukdatmifqef; wuo twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfvmayonf/<br />

¤if;wkdYonf ,leDAmpwDtufOya' jyifqifa&;vkyfief;ukd tvsiftjref jyifqifMu&ef vIHYaqmfcJhMuonf/ aESmifhaES;ae<br />

aom jrbl;aumfrwD aqmif½Gufcsufrsm; vsifjrefvmap&ef wGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/ 1936 oydwfESpfywfvnfaeYwGif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; xkdtpD&ifcHpm jyifqifrI vsifjref&ef qE´jycJhonf/ ukdatmifqef;ESifh ukd&m½Spfonf a'gufwmbarmfESifh<br />

awGUqkHí jrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm vsifjrefap&ef wGef;tm;ay;cJhonf/<br />

1937-38 wuo trIaqmiftzGJY ? (0JrS pía&aomf) 'kwd,- udkvSa½T? wwd,- udkatmifqef; (abmifcyfxm;)? pwkw¦- Ouú| udk&m½Spf<br />

(*) twGif;pnf; ( Inner Circle)<br />

1935 ckESpf aemufykdif;wGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wuúokdvftmPmykdifrsm;ukd atmifjrifpGm<br />

wGef;vSefNyD;aemuf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vrf;aMumif;ay:okdY a&muf½Sdvmonf/ ukdEk? ukdxGef;tkH? ukdvSazwkdYonf<br />

wuúokdvfokdY jyefrwufMuawmhacs/ ¤if;wkdYonf oydwf\ twGif;pnf;xJü yg0ifcJholrsm;jzpfonf/ AuotzGJU<br />

jzpfay:a&;twGuf wuf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udkodef;azonfvnf; umvuwåm;rS jyefa&mufvmNyD; ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;udk qufoG,f<br />

ay;cJhonf/ xkdESpfwGif ukdvSa½T (ukdvSaznD) onf wuo twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfvmNyD;? ukdA[def;onf ref;OypmaumvdyfrS<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfokdY a&muf½Sdvmonf/<br />

ukdA[def;onf ocifoef;xGef;\ enf;ñTefrIukd cH,lcJhonf/ ocifpkd;ESifh ocifoef;xGef;\ rmhufpf bmomjyef<br />

rsm;ukd ausmif;om;rsm; zwf½IvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;vIyf½Sm;rIukd tm;us<br />

vmMuonf/ yk*¾dKvfa&;t& ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;wkdY qufqHrI½SdcJhonf/ 1935-36<br />

wGif ocifxdef0if;ESifh ukdxGef;tkHwkdY pwif qufoG,frdcsdefrS pí wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;ESifh wuo qufoG,frdavonf/<br />

ukdxGef;tkHonf <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJü yg0if,SOfjydKifcJhonf/ ocifESifh ausmif;om;rsm; twGif;pnf; tpnf;ta0;ü<br />

ukdEk? ukdatmifqef;? ukdodef;az? ukdvSazrS vGJí rnfolrQ rwufa&mufcJhay/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf<br />

wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;rSwqifh qkd½S,fvpfpmayrsm; avhvmcJhNyD; trsKd;om;a&;tay: tajccHonfh tkdif,mvefawmfvSefa&;<br />

(qifzdef;) tzGJUtaMumif; avhvmcJhMuonf/<br />

(i) 'kwd,tBudrf AuonDvmcH<br />

1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwfwGif udkA[def;onf ¤if;\ BudK;yrf;rIESifh vkyf&nfudkif&nfrsm;aMumifh xif½Sm;vm<br />

ayonf/ 1936 ckwGif Arm[kokH;í 1937 ck tpydkif;ü jrefrm? aemufydkif; 1938 ck aemufydkif;rSpí 1962 cktxd Arm<br />

[kac:onfh ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifhudk rEÅav;wGif usif;yonfhtcg udkA[def;onf {nfhcHa&; aumfrwD<br />

Ouú| jzpfvmonf/<br />

(i-1) ukdA[def;rS ukdpdefckdokdh ay;ykdhaompm<br />

pmeHygwf-<br />

A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;? rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

'kwd,tBudrf<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifU{nUfcHaumfrwD<br />

aeYpGJ- 31-3-37<br />

rdwfaqGMuD; ukdpdefckdcifAsm;<br />

ay;pmukd &½Sdygonf/ rdwfaqGMuD;wkdY NrdKUrSukd,fpm;vS,fwOD; apvTwfrnf[kod&ojzifh 0rf;ajrmufyg\/<br />

uGefz&ifhtusdK;taMumif;ESifh ywfoufí {nhfcHaumfrwD\ aMunmpmwrf;ukd yl;wGJxnfhvkdufyg\/ uGefz&ifh<br />

tpDtpOfrsm;ukdvnf; owif;pmwkdufrsm;okdY ykdYxm;ojzifh rdwfaqGBuD;wkdY rMumrD awGUjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/<br />

þpmESifhtwl uGefz&ifh{nfhcHaumfrwD\ aMunmpmwrf;rsm;ukdvnf; wifydkYvkdufygonf/ pdwfxufoefaom<br />

rsKd;cspfausmif;om; vli,ftaygif;wkdYxH a&mufatmif a0iSay;apvkdygonf/ þokdYar;jref;ojzifh aus;Zl;wif<br />

ygaMumif;/<br />

A[def;<br />

{nfUcHaumfrwD cs,f,mrif<br />

101

102<br />

(i-2) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdodkhay;pm<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

ALL BURMA STUDENTS UNION<br />

wuúokdvf0if; UNIVERSITY ESTATE<br />

eHygwf --------------- No. ----------------<br />

&efukefNrdKU------------- Rangoon-------1937<br />

tpD&ifcHygonf ukdpdefckdcifAsm;<br />

ay;ykdYaompmukd &yg\/ rEÅav;uGefz&ifhodkY ukd,fpm;vS,fvTwfonf Mum;&í 0rf;omyg\/<br />

rD;&xm;bufrS rEÅav;vmvQif toGm;tjyef rkdif (100) txuf a0;aomc&D;twGuf 1ƒ tcrQom<br />

ay;&ygrnf/ Oyrm 0g;c,frrS rEÅav;okdY rkdif (150) a0;onf qkdygpkdY? xkdc&D;toGm;tjyef ½kd;½kd;twGuf 4d^usvQif<br />

oufomcGifh&&ef ½kHykdifxHajymvQif 3d^- rQom ay;&ygrnf/ xkdoufomcGifhukd rwfv (23) &ufaeYrSpí<br />

arv (22) &uf txd &Ekdifygonf/ rkdif (100) ESifh (100) xufatmufusaom c&D;twGufum; rkdif (101) c&D;<br />

twGuf usoifhonf pm;p&dwf 1ƒ vkd&ygrnf/ Oyrm 0g;c,frrS rEÅav;okdY rkdif (100) odkYr[kwf rkdif (90) om<br />

a0;onfqkdMuygpkdY? ½kd;½kd;twkdif; toGm;tjyef pm;p&dwf 3d^- usvQif? rkdif (101) c&D;twGuf toGm;tjyef<br />

p&dwfum; 3d^- 4d^- us\/ þokdYjzpfvQif xkdrkdif (100) okdYr[kwf (90) oma0;onfh c&D;toGm;tjyeftwGuf<br />

oufomcGifh&vQif 3d 4J \ 1ƒ om ay;&ygrnf/ okdYjzpfí tp 2d 7J om usygrnf/ wenf;tm;jzifhqdkvQif rkdif<br />

(100) xufykdonfh toGm;tjyef c&D;twGuf ½kd;½kd;ay;&rnfh tp\ 3^4 omay;&í rdkifw&mESifh w&mxufenf;aom<br />

c&D;toGm;tjyeftwGuf rdkif 101 toGm;tjyefEIef;\ 3^4 om ay;&ygrnf/ odkYjzpfí rdkifw&mxufydkaom c&D;<br />

twGuf oufomcGifh&ygonf/ xkdxufenf;aom c&D;twGuf oufomcGifhrsm;pGm r&/ Tikcet rsm;udk tp<br />

c&D;puyJ Return Ticket yg ygonfh vufrSwfrsm;ukd 0,f&ygvdrfhrnf/<br />

rD;oabFmESifh rEÅav;rS vmvQif toGm;tjyef c&D;p&dwf\ 3^4 avsmhygvdrfhrnf/ Oyrm- 0g;c,frrS<br />

rEÅav;okYd toGm;tjyef rkdif (300) ½Sdí p&dwfNyD; ½kd;½kd;twkdif;usvQif 6^-omay;&ygrnf/ okdYaomf yxrqkH;<br />

aiG 9d^- ½kdk;½kd;twdkif; oabFmvufrSwfcHonfhtcg ay;&ygvdrfhrnf/ onfvkdaiGay;onfhtaMumif; ajypmjzwfykdif;ukd<br />

awmif;yg/ ¤if;jzwfykdif;ESifhwuG rdwfaqG\ vdyfpmtjynfhtpkHyg uRefawmfxkdYxH ykdYvkdufyg/ xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdYu<br />

{&m0wDrD;oabFmukrÜPD refae*smxH axmufcHpma&;vkdufvQif cifAsm;ay;NyD;rS 3d^- ukd jyefí &ygvdrfhrnf/<br />

uGefz&ifhtaMumif;odvkdvQif rEÅav;odkY pkHprf;yg/ ,cktcg ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;vTwfrnfh <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

rsm;rSm (30) cefY½Sdí rnfa½GUrnfrQ vTwfrnfrodao;/ xkdYjyif <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;r[kwfaom tjcm;e,frsm;rS ukd,fpm;<br />

vS,f vTwfrnf Mum;od&ygonf/ xkdaMumifh ausmif;om;aygif;rnfrQudk ukd,fpm;vS,fykdYrnf wyftyfaocsm<br />

rajymEkdifao;yg/<br />

yl;wGJyg uGefz&ihfEId;aqmfpm ykdYvkdufygonf<br />

atmifqef;

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(i-3) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdxHay;pm<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

ALL BURMA STUDENTS UNION<br />

wuúokdvf0if; UNIVERSITY ESTATE<br />

eHygwf --------------- No. ----------------<br />

&efukefNrdKU------------- Rangoon-------1937<br />

tpD&ifcHygonf ukdpdefckdcifAsm;ay;ykdYvkdufaompmukd<br />

&½Sdyg\/ rdwfaqGonf rGwfpvifvlrsKd;jzpfaomfvnf; rsKd;cspfpdwf½dSonfukd od&í<br />

txl;0rf;omyg\/ pifppfaomfum; bmomw&m;ESifh rsKd;cspfpdwfonf tvsOf;roufqkdifaom aiGtodef;toef;<br />

104<br />

(i-4) ukdjrpdefokdh ukdatmifqef;rSay;pm<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

ALL BURMA STUDENTS UNION<br />

wuúokdvf0if; UNIVERSITY ESTATE<br />

eHygwf --------------- No. ----------------<br />

&efukefNrdKU------------- Rangoon, 27 th March, 1937<br />

My Dear Ko Mya Sein,<br />

I do not know whether you passed your examination or not. I saw one name which<br />

resembles yours <strong>and</strong> I hope it is your <strong>and</strong> no other. In that case, please accept my hearty<br />

congratulation.<br />

I received your letter. Mr. Raschiad also told me that the date you proposed would suit<br />

him. So he <strong>and</strong> perhaps Ko Kyaw Myint will visit Bassein <strong>and</strong> they will inform you later of his<br />

coming. As for me I must go back home <strong>and</strong> do propag<strong>and</strong>a in the Magwe District. But I do hope<br />

that you <strong>and</strong> the Bassein Studnet's Union will do all that lies in your power to accord a cordial<br />

welcome to Mr. Raschiad.<br />

With best wishes from,<br />

Yours Sincerely,<br />

(i-5) ukdjrpdefokdh ukdatmifqef;ay;pm<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

ALL BURMA STUDENT'S UNION<br />

Aung San<br />

wuúokdvf0if; UNIVERSITY ESTATE<br />

eHygwf --------------- No. ----------------<br />

&efukefNrdKU ------------ Rangoon, 20 th March, 1937<br />

Dear Ko Mya Sein,<br />

Mr. Raschiad <strong>and</strong> I propose to visit Bassein about next Sunday. We intend to leave here in<br />

the evening of coming Friday (i.e. 26 th March) <strong>and</strong> halt at Myaung Mya for one day (i.e. Saturday)<br />

<strong>and</strong> start for your town on the next day. Will this arrangement suit the conveience of the students<br />

of your town? Please reply to us after having consulted with the president or any other member of<br />

the Bassein School's Union. Please reply to me according to this address 20, Parek Lane, Rangoon.<br />

Ko Mya Sein With Kind Regards<br />

C/O U Gone Man Your Sincerely,<br />

Bassein Aung San

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(i-6) ukdjrpdefokdh ukdatmifqef;rSay;pm<br />

76, Yegyaw Road<br />

Rangoon<br />

My Dear Ko Mya Sein,<br />

It is not my intention to write to you only whose I have business. I had for long contemplated<br />

communication with you, but some how or other I could not do, not overall be honest due to<br />

pressure of work (the work is there <strong>and</strong> quite a lot, only I don’t take it) but due to my clever<br />

sluggard. Having seen, heard so many things improper in my eyes <strong>and</strong>, above all, cheap demagogy<br />

most, I feel rather side of life <strong>and</strong> politics I have been in for a period of mental <strong>and</strong> physical reaction,<br />

so to speak. I hardly desire to do anything. Why idealism. Whatever amount there is in me, is <strong>and</strong><br />

the just want to eat, sleep <strong>and</strong> do nothing worth while. I have gone so for in this respect that even<br />

a region is were around me, as is the ease with easy great Man, the region of my being a slugged<br />

<strong>and</strong> glutton. Of course the great man is misunderst<strong>and</strong>, he simply proves to be a complete to<br />

ordinary man. Anyway, I have now got over my intention a bit <strong>and</strong> have just started doing things<br />

construction <strong>and</strong> all that is necessary for post-war period, preparing for a bigger war of offensive<br />

in future.<br />

You know I like not “the but the depth of soul”; I hate cheap demagogy, that playing to the<br />

gallery business with <strong>and</strong> murder the night <strong>and</strong> over stones**. I have that so mad of it recently that.<br />

I become completely side of it <strong>and</strong> even of life <strong>and</strong> politics, I say as the start. But as is natural with<br />

life, I must have had <strong>and</strong> must continue to have in future too such sickness a number of times. Well<br />

I won’t grumble over thing I fail an till I reach my destination.<br />

Now to business, because now you must be in a mood to accept me, after all the above little<br />

sweet in the bear Ko Tun Shwe or call him Thakhin Tun Shwe is sent a definite political mission by<br />

the Great Do Bama Asiayone of which I am the general secretary. He is to prepare arrangements<br />

with you for the reception for our Sayagyi Thakin Kodaw Mhaing, our Great pride Thakin Hla Baw<br />

<strong>and</strong> our Great friend Thakin Hla Pe (Ko Hla Shwe’s brother). When they arrive at bassein. We know<br />

there is that Mya Be Group which is very willing. But we want to go through people procedure. We<br />

have to examine them an charges of high treasure to the Dobama Asiayone before we accept them,<br />

<strong>and</strong> therefore in there they have been suppressed. Officially there is no Do Bama Asiayone at<br />

Bassein same month ago you talked to me of Ko Hla Mg <strong>and</strong> all there people trying to form are<br />

Asiayone to the Mya [xxx xxx*] I have not well old fallen, do every thing necessary for whatever<br />

they will tell you, for the Dobama Asiayone for the Nation, for the cause (all in capitals, I am getting<br />

excited you know). As for well this will be enough (it is sufficiently begin to hide my ignorance).<br />

I have learnt from papers of the fate of you going business. Now what so you proper to do?<br />

Came back to college, man <strong>and</strong> try to complete your course. Get at least actual. Whatever its actual<br />

value, but is means a lot to life <strong>and</strong> people. Don’t be cap <strong>and</strong> fanciful. Be a stern realist, like me, the<br />

great man.<br />

With best wishes to all Mya Sein,<br />

rSwfcsuf- over stones** - pum;toHk;tEIef; rwdrusyg/ [xxx xxx*] - rl&if;pmom;rsm; ysufaeonf/<br />

Aung San<br />

105

106<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(i-7) Auo nDvmcH usif;yjcif; jrifuGif; (arv 9-10 &uf 1937)<br />

rEÅav;uGefz&ifh jzpfajrmuf&ef udkatmifqef;? ukdA[def;? ukdodef;atmifwkdY wESpfausmf MudK;yrf;cJh&avonf/<br />

ukdatmifqef;qkdvQif twGif;usus acgif;aqmifykdif;taeESifh uGefz&ifhtpDtpOf? rdefYcGef;twkdrsm; n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;vsmxm;<br />

csufrsm;? rEÅav;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;eJYnd§í? &efukefa&mufvmwJh e,fausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGudk<br />

½Sif;jyNyD; pnf;½kH;cJh&onf/ &efukefrvmEkdifaom e,fausmif;om;awGqD pma&;½Sif;csufxkwfjcif;? ar;jref;csufawG<br />

jyefMum;jcif;? pDpOfvsmxm;ykH tMurf;zsif; ay;ykdYjcif;rsm; pmtBudrftBudrf tjyeftvSef qufwkdufvkyfcJh&onf/<br />

rEÅav;uGefz&ifh atmifatmifjrifjrif NyD;ajrmufoGm;jcif;onf {nfhcHaumfrwDxJwGif yg0ifaom rEÅav;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;\ BudK;yrf;rIESifh ukdatmifqef;? ukdvSaz? ukdodef;atmifwkdY\ tultnD? pnf;½kH;rI? {nfhcHaumfrwD<br />

cs,f,mrif ukdA[def;\ raerem; vkH;yrf;tm;xkwfrI? qufqHa&; acsmarmajyjypfrI? tajymtqkd odrfarGYEl;nHHhrIwkdY<br />

aMumifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vmMuaom ukd,fpm;vS,f tm;vkH;vkdvkdu todtrSwfjyKMuavonf/ ukdA[def;onf<br />

{nfhcHaumfrwD zGJJUNyD;NyD;csif; Armjynf tNrdKUNrdKUu ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awGu wuf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ADDRESS OF THE CHAIRMAN<br />

RECEPTION COMMIITTEE<br />

THE 2 ND , ALL BURMA STUDENTS CONFERENCE<br />

(M<strong>and</strong>alay 1937)<br />

Mr. President, P<strong>and</strong>it Jawarharla Nehru <strong>and</strong> Comrades,<br />

On behalf of the members of the Reception Committee, I hereby extend a hearty welcome.<br />

Words fail to express our sense of pleasure <strong>and</strong> gratitude that has won the admiration <strong>and</strong><br />

respect of the world like P<strong>and</strong>it Jawarharla Nehru should have so thoughtfully attend the conclave<br />

of the all Burma students.<br />

That a leader of millions of poverty-stricken should be st<strong>and</strong>ing amidst us <strong>and</strong> instructing<br />

us, makes us feel depressed for Burma, that is denuded of leader. However, we still remain optimistic<br />

that the noble example of a real patriot like P<strong>and</strong>itji will stimulate the spirit of sacrifice in the Burma<br />

Students.<br />

Comrades, this is the second occasion that students from various towns of Burma assemble<br />

<strong>and</strong> deliberate. Excluding minor townships, delegates from all the principal towns have assembled.<br />

Even students of village monastic schools that had suffered suppression <strong>and</strong> oppression in days<br />

by, are present in this assembly.<br />

From comrades who, due to unfavourable circumstances, are unable to attend this Conference<br />

we have received messages wishing us every success. So at this moment, the attention of our<br />

absent comrades of the districts must be focused on this assemble again spirit. For the successful<br />

discharge by this conference on the onerous duties. Although they could not be present in person,<br />

their high minded wishes will be invaluable aid in our road to success.<br />

Comrades, I do not think that I shall be very much off the mark, if I say, that today is such an<br />

important day as to constitute an epoch in the future chronicle of Burma <strong>and</strong> in that of the world;<br />

the reason being, the students who constitute the life-blood of the nation <strong>and</strong> who would eventually<br />

guide the destiny of the nation <strong>and</strong> the world have met in conclave to deliberate over affairs of the<br />

nation <strong>and</strong> those of the world. Moreover, we have gathered in this place that we have lost the<br />

supreme lost that people can sustain our freedom for self determination.<br />

It was in this place that the hideous monster of imperialism gripped Burman in its clutches<br />

of slavedom; <strong>and</strong> it is an irony of fate that this self same place that we students who are the sprouts<br />

<strong>and</strong> shoots of the nations should have assembled with pick-axe <strong>and</strong> a hovel to bury this hideous<br />

monster.<br />

Comrades, there is a groups of person who in their anxiety for some reasons or other tend<br />

to thwart <strong>and</strong> suppress the youth movement that rushes onward with the force of tide. These<br />

people utilize the force <strong>and</strong> unity <strong>and</strong> courage of the students in immaterial x matters <strong>and</strong> endeavor<br />

to dissipate the student’s energy. For instance, they preached that student should not participate<br />

in politics <strong>and</strong> that students should devote all their attention to school worlds. Now, put their<br />

words to an analytical test; the words themselves are not only wrong but motive behind them<br />

reveals the baseness of their author. When the entire machinery into working order, the repairing of<br />

one single part will achieve nothing. So also, when the entire nation is in a state of collapse, the<br />

students who are the future hope of the nation, cannot rest content with attending to one single<br />

part of the national machinery i.e. Education department. Although, education may be an<br />

indispensable department in a downtrodden country like Burma, it is not a factor which by itself will<br />

107

108<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

help bring freedom, prosperity <strong>and</strong> contentment to nation. Who will give credence to the doctrine<br />

that out of slavish education comes a lordly mentality <strong>and</strong> freedom. Admitting, for purposes of<br />

argument that exertion in education create a large numbers of educated persons in the country <strong>and</strong><br />

that we do not gain say that the country that has a big number of educated persons is more<br />

advanced, yet there comes the problem which is hard of solution - the unemployment problem that<br />

shadows the quantitative regress of education.<br />

To solve this problem, the question of economics must be touched. When we face the<br />

problem of Buma’s economic recovery <strong>and</strong> a square meal for every body, the alien capitalists who<br />

hold the key positions looms large <strong>and</strong> grim in the picture, with Burma’s slavedom as a background.<br />

When we realize this, the longing for the attainment of worldly bliss <strong>and</strong> contentment<br />

freedom is the deciding factor. Therefore, is it not proper that we comrades should participate in<br />

politics? “Politics”, “Economics” <strong>and</strong> “Education” are three very deluding expressions. Should a<br />

foreigner suggest to a Burman, “Don’t you dabble in politics?”, the Burman would no feel it at all;<br />

but should he be advised; “Don’t you strive to regain your freedom?” It would hard him to the<br />

quick. Therefore, to be brief, let us not pay attention or be misled by words <strong>and</strong> expressions or<br />

shibboleths. As we are Burmans, let us try for Burma’s advancement. Whoever hinders us in this<br />

endeavour not him as an energy of the nation.<br />

Comrades, the problems that we are said to tackle such as costly but valueless system of<br />

education, illiteracy, the daily growing menace of unemployment. Imperialism, defense against<br />

Fascism, prevention of breach of war, etc. are such problems by the judicious h<strong>and</strong>ling of which, I<br />

am confident the status of Burma would be raised by one step.<br />

Comrades, in the earlier part of my address, I have said that our deliberations will have a<br />

salutary effect on the world. I will briefly explain how the world will benefit. That the world is<br />

menaced by war, all of us know. Consuming with the fire of greed, fire of hatred <strong>and</strong> fire of pride one<br />

nation is growling x with menace at the other. Knowing how terrible <strong>and</strong> how frightful the last war<br />

was, the people are clamoring for peace. The means of achieving peace is in the h<strong>and</strong>s of the<br />

youths.<br />

There are students association in many parts of the world <strong>and</strong> they are striving for peace.<br />

We also joining <strong>and</strong> cooperating with youth movement of the other countries should crush<br />

imperialism <strong>and</strong> Fascism <strong>and</strong> bring peace, plenty <strong>and</strong> prosperity to the world.<br />

xkdaemuf tNrdKUNrdKU½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;onf wuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

BuD;ESifh qufoG,fxm;NyD; jzpfonfh<br />

twkdif; trIaqmifvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKxm;aMumif;tqkdukd jynfNrdKUrS ukdoef;wifu wifoGif;í a&eHacsmif;<br />

ukdxGef;wifu axmufcHonf/ þtpnf;ta0;MuD; &nf½G,fcsuft& EkdifiHcsJUxGifa&;0g'ukd 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;?<br />

ppfyGJrsm; 0ifa&mufwkdufay;jcif; ponfwkdY rjyKvkyf&eftqkdukd a&eHacsmif; ukdxGef;wifu wifoGif;í? ppfawG ukdom<br />

xGef;atmifu axmufcHonf/<br />

ar (10) &ufaeY? eHeuf (8) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0; qufvufusif;y&m ref;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;BuD;ukd<br />

'D*&Daumvdyfausmif;tjzpf tqifhtwef;jr§ifhay;&ef tpkd;&tm; þtpnf;ta0;u wkdufwGef;aMumif;tqkdukd Oya'<br />

ausmif;om; ukdbodef;u wifoGif;&m ref;Oypm<strong>or*¾</strong>toif; Ouú| {nfhcHaumfrwD cs,f,mrif ukdA[def;u axmufcHonf/<br />

EkdifiHa&;ESifhywfoufí axmifusaeaom ocif (5) OD;ESifh tvm;wlEkdifiHa&;orm;wkdYukd axmiftwGif;ü<br />

(at) twef;tpm; xm;ap&ef oifhavsmfonf[k þtpnf;a0;BuD;u xifjrifaMumif;tqkdudk jynfNrdKUu ukdoef;wifu<br />

wifoGif;í a½Tbdk ukdoef;armifu axmufcHaMumif;? xkdtqkdESifh ywfoufí ukdxGef;½Sdefu ]]ausmif;om;rsm;onf<br />

ynma&;ESifh oufqkdifojzifh ocifawGuJhokdY EkdifiHa&;orm;awGvkd rpOf;pm;xkdufao;aMumif; xifjrifonf/ usaemfrSm<br />

,aeY ausmif;om;yg? ausmif;rS xGufvsif ocifvkyfrnf pdwful;xm;aomfvnf; ausmif;aepOf EkdifiHa&;ESifhywfoufí<br />

ocifawGtaMumif;? yk*¾v"d|mef b,fvdkrQ ratmufarhbJ uefYuGuf&aMumif;}} jzifh ajymqkdonf/ okdYaomf axmufcHolu

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

jyefvnf ½kwfodrf;í rJrcGJ&awmhay/<br />

Armjynf½Sd ausmif;wkdif; ausmif;wkdif;wkdYwGif ppftwwfynmukd em;vnfMuap&ef? aAmfvH'D,mwyfrsm;<br />

zGJUpnf;ay;&ef tqkdukd ykodrf ukdMunfarmifu wifoGif;í a½Tawmif ukdat;u axmufcHonf/<br />

xkdtqkdü trsKd;orD;rS rwifwif (ae½Sife,f)? Oypmaumvdyf roef;vS? rtwifwkdYu olemjyKwyfrsm;udk<br />

trsKd;orD;rsm;u a,mufsm;rsm;uJhokdY &JtzGJUaqmif½Gufovkd 0ifa&mufvkyfukdifoifhaMumif;? trsKd;orD;olemjyKwyfrsm;<br />

ukd zGifhvSpfoifhaMumif;jzifh jznfhpGufaxmufcHcJhonf/<br />

aeYvnfbufwGif qyfbwf*sufaumfrwDonf Oya'Murf;wckudk aqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf? nae (4) em&DcGJ<br />

tcsdefwdwdü txufArmjynf ausmif;om;rsm;abmvkH;yGJ usif;yonf/<br />

arv (10) &ufaeYwGif Ouú| ukdatmifqef;u <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;BuD;\ pnf;rsOf;Oya'Murf;udk wifoGif;&m<br />

¤if;Oya'Murf;ü <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;BuD;okdY qufoG,faMu; (12) usyf &moufyef toif;om;0ifaMu; (25) usyf pDpOfxm;<br />

aMumif;ESifh Ouú| ukdatmifqef;ESifh trIaqmif (9) OD;ukd a½G;cs,fí wifoGif;&m uefYuGufolr½Sd twnfjyKcJhonf/<br />

(p) 'kwd,tBudrf Auo nDvmcH qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

(1) jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tcrJhrlvwef; ynmroifrae&aom Oya'jyKvkyf xkwfjyefoifhaMumif; xifjrifoabm&<br />

onfhtwkdif; wkdufwGef;aMumif; tqkdukd ukdñGefYwifu wifoGif;í awmifil ukdxGef;armifu axmufcHonf/<br />

(2) a½Tbkd½Sd txufwef;ae½Sife,fausmif;ESifh tjcm;NrdKUrsm;½Sd ae½Sife,fausmif;rsm;ukd tpkd;& todrSwfjyK&ef<br />

tqkdukd a½Tbkd ukdodef;armifu tqkdwifoGif;í rEÅav; ukdA[def;u axmufcHonf/<br />

(3) jrefrmjynftpkd;& ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh pufrIvufrIoifausmif;rsm; trsKd;rsKd;zGifhay;&ef tpnf;ta0;BuD;<br />

u wkdufwGef;aMumif; tqkdudk ukdomxGef;u wifoGif;í ukdausmfpdef (a&eHacsmif;) u axmufcHonf/<br />

(4) jrefrmjynf ausmif;wkdif;ausmif;wkdif;wGif tcgtcGifhMuHKonfh yGJrsm;üjzpfap? trsKd;om;aeYrsm;ü jzpfap?<br />

wkdYArmoDcsif;rsm;ukd pdwfwuf

110<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuo trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

(1) ukdb*srf; Ouú|<br />

(2) ukdvSa½T 'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) ukdvSarmif<br />

(4) ukdat;ausmf pmMunfhwkdufrSL;<br />

(5) ukdndKjr Editors <strong>and</strong> publicity officer<br />

(6) ukdb½Srf; aiGxdef;<br />

(7) ukdatmifqef; (Ex: Office)<br />

(8) ukdAaqG (Manager away)<br />

(9) ukdwifarmif (t,f'Dwm Union News)<br />

(10) ukdjr½Sdef (Inter University Affairs)<br />

(11) ukdxGef;az (Chairman-social Sub Committee)<br />

(12) ukdA[def;<br />

(13) ukdpkd;armif<br />

(Z) 'kwd,tBudrf ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> uGefz&ifhrS wwd,uGefz&ifh rwkdifrD tpD&ifcHpm<br />

(Z-1) jrbl;aumfrwD<br />

'kwd,uGefz&ifhu qkH;jzwfvkdufonfhtwkdif; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;BuD;\ tvkyftrIaqmifu atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;<br />

yg0ifaom wuúokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwD ukd zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

(1) OD;ausmfjrifh 0wfvkHawmf&<br />

(2) a'gufwmxifatmif 0wfvkHawmf&<br />

(3) OD;wifarmif t,f'Dwm? e,l;bm;rm;<br />

(4) OD;xGef;oef; t,f'Dwm? bm;rm;*sme,f<br />

(5) ocifodef;armif wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;<br />

(6) udk&m½Spf (Auotoif;BuD;\ Ouú|a[mif;)<br />

(7) ukdatmifqef; (Auotoif;BuD;\ vuf½Sd Ouú|) (aqmfMool)<br />

txufyg aumfrwDonf jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmukd tao;pdwf pOfpm;aqG;aEG;NyD; wuúokdvftufOya'<br />

jyifqifa&;tpD&ifcHpmukd a&;om;cJhonf/ ¤if;rS-<br />

jrbl;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpmESifU ywfoufí ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rS<br />

cefhxm;tyfaom wuúokdvfjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrSwfwrf;<br />

jyqkdtyfaomrSwfwrf;rSm ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;toif; tvkyftrIaqmifu rEÅav;NrdKUwGif<br />

arv (10) &ufaeYü usif;yonfh 'kwd,tBudrf ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifh qkH;jzwfcsuf trSwf (4)<br />

t& cefYxm;tyfaom wuúokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwDu ynma&;zuf jrefrmjynftpkd;&okdY wifoGif;aom<br />

rSwfwrf;jzpfonf/ tvkyftrIaqmifrSm ZGefv (17) aeYwGifrS awGUqkHEkdifí tqkdygaumfrwDzGJ Upnf;&ef txl;usyfwnf;<br />

aeonfukd awGU&ygaMumif;? tcsK dUu aumfrwDwGif cefYxm;vkdaom yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;rSm e,fwGif½Sdaeí waMumif;? wcsKdUrSm<br />

txl;udpörsm;aeí waMumif;? tvkyftrIaqmifrSm yk*¾dKvfBuD; ( 6) a,mufrQom qkHcJhNyD; aumfrwDwGif cefYxm;EkdifaMumif;?<br />

¤if; (6) a,muf teufrSvnf; (2) OD;aom yk*¾dKvfBuD;wkdYrSm rvTJruif;omojzifh uREkfyfwkdYtm; rulnDEdkifygaMumif;?<br />

okdYjzpf&m usefyk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;jzpfaom 0wfvHkawmf& OD;ausmfjrifh? ukd&m½Spf? ocifodef;armif? OD;wifarmifESifh usaemfwkdYonf<br />

(8) &ufwkdifwkdif aeYpOfpOf;pm;í tjrefrSwfwrf;wif&ygaMumif;/<br />

þrSwfwrf;ukd tvkyftrIaqmifu aemufZlvkdif (28) &ufaeY pnf;a0;aomtcg Oya'jyKtzGJU0if trwfrif;<br />

wkdYESifh tjcm;jynfolwkdYtm; xkwfa0&ef cGifhjyKvkdufygaMumif;? okdY&mwGif tjcm;tvkyfudpö txl;rsm;í vkyfom;

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tpkHtvif r½Sdojzifh þrSwfwrf;ukd þrQMumum xkwfa0&jcif; jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

þrSwfwrf;um; jrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpmxuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m jzpfaMumif;? þrSwfwrf;um; tmPm?<br />

ÓPf½Sif? tjriftMum; tawmfyifrsm;olrsm;\ vufpGrf;OmPfpGrf;[k r&rf;qEkdifvifhupm; jrefrmjynf½Sd acwfrD<br />

ÓPfrD yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ oabmxm;ukd jy&ma&mufonf[k ,kHMunf,lqygaMumif;/<br />

atmifqef;<br />

(aqmfMool)<br />

(Z-2) rSwfwrf;<br />

1/ qmjrbl;BuD;rSL;onfh wuúokdvftufOay'jyifqifa&;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpmrSm arv? yxr&uf<br />

owåywfwGif xGufay:vm\/ rEÅav;NrdKUü arv (9) &ufESifh (10) &ufaeYwkdYwGif usif;yaom 'kwd,tMudrf<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm; uGefz&ifh0,f þwuúokdvf jyifqifa&;ESifhywfoufí aqmif½Guf&ef<br />

twGuf wuúokdvftufOya' jyifqifa&;aumfrwDwck zGJUpnf;&ef þausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmif<br />

wkdYrS ausmif;ydwfaeojzifh ZGefv tv,favmufrSomvQif þtqkdyg wuúokdvfjyifqifa&;aumfrwDukd<br />

cefYxm;&ef pnf;a0;awGUqkHEkdif\/ okdYcefYtyfaom uREkfyfwkdY wuúokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwDtzGJUonf<br />

cefYNyD; rMumrD awGUqkHESD;aESm wkdifyifMu\/ jrbl;aumfrwDESifh ywfoufí wuúokdvfaumifpDukdvnf; ZlvkdifvwGif<br />

usif;yrnfjzpfí xkdaumifpDtwGuf qkH;jzwfcsuftqkdrsm; ay;ydk YMu&ef ZGefv (30) &ufaeYtxd awmif;xm;\/<br />

tpdk;&uvnf; jrbl;aumfrwDESifh ywfoufí tMuHÓPfrsm;udk ZGefv (30) &ufaeYtxd vufcHrnf[k<br />

aMunmxm;\/ okdYjzpf&um; uREkfyfwkdYaumfrwDonf aeYwdkif; xkdifí pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;Mu&\/ jrbl;aumfrwD<br />

tpD&ifcHpm tcsufwkdYukd uREkfyfwkdY tm;&yg;& rppfaq;Ekdifaomfvnf; t"dupnf;rsOf;rsm;wGifum; uREkfyfwkdY<br />

tm;vkH; woabmwnf;jzpf\/ uREkfyfwkdY pOf;pm;&orQ tm;vkH;oabmwlnDcsuf &orQcsnf;jzpf\/<br />

2/ uREkfyfwkdY jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmESifh ywfoufí ta&;BuD;aom? t&mygaom tcsufrsm;pGmwkdYwGif<br />

¤if;aumfrwDESifh rukdufnDonfukd awGU½Sd&onf/ okdY&mwGif jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpm yg½d SorQ tao;tzGJyg<br />

tjypfwifa&;om;&ef rvkd&um; ta&;BuD;aom? t&mygaom axmufcHcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í pOf;pm;ygaMumif;/<br />

3/ þjrbl;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpmESifh ywfoufí wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm; txl;rausreyf jzpfaeMu\/ tu,f<br />

í uREkfyfwkdY xifjrifcsufrsm;ukd txl;ojzifh wuúokdvfaumifpDwGif tjyiftyrS wuúokdvft&m½SdESifh tpkd;&t&m½Sd<br />

r[kwfaomol trsm;tjym; yg0if&efta&;ESifh wuúokdvfESifh aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; qufoG,fa&; (2)<br />

&yfESifh pyfvsOf;í uREkfyfwkdY\ xifjrifcsufrsm;ukd wuúodkvftufOya' topfwGif xnhfoGif;ygu wkdif;jynfESifh<br />

wuG ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vufcHzG,f&m jzpfvdrfhrnf[k uREkfyfwkdY ,lqygaMumif;/<br />

4/ jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmwGif pmykd'frsm;ESifh axmufcHcsufrsm;udk eHygwf wyfrxm;ojzifh pmñTef;&ef<br />

cufcJonfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;zG,fw&yf jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

5/ &efukefwuúokdvfonf pmppfwuúokdvftjzpfom½Sdoifhonf (okdYr[kwf) ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; pmoif<br />

wuúokdvftjzpfom ½Sdoifhonf[laom jyóemukd uREkfyfwkdY Mum½Snfav;jrifhpGm pOf;pm;MuygaMumif;?<br />

uREkffyfwkdYrlum; emrnfynwfavmufudk *½krxm;vkdyg/ rnfonhf wuúokdvfrqkd ¤if;wnf½Sd&m wkdif;jynf\<br />

tajctaeukd vkdufí jzpfpjrJyifjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif wuúodkvfudk topfpDrHtkyfcsKyfenf; pOf;pm;&mü ¤if;vuf½Sd<br />

tajctaeukdvnf; ay,smvuefí rjzpfay/ aocsmpGmppfaq; Munfhygrlum; ,ck&efukefwuúokdvfonf<br />

pmoifausmif;vnf; rrnf? ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ausmif;[kvnf; rqkdom? ausmif;om;rsm;udk pmoif&m<br />

wGif aumvdyfausmif;rsm;wGifom vkH;0oifMuonfukd awGU&\/ &Hzef&Hcg aumvdyfausmif;tcsKdUwkdYrS<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ukd acRwma&;? oufaomifhoufoma&;twGufom yl;aygif;oifMum;jyo\/ ¤if;tjyif<br />

rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf; tdrfjyeftdrfpm; jzpfMu\/ okdY&mwGif qkdcJhNyD;cJhonfhtwkdif; uREkfyfwkdYonf<br />

trnfynwfudk rvkdufvdk? ,ckvuf½Sd tajcaet& wuúokdvfukd a½SUokdY rnfodkYjyKjyifoifhonfukdom<br />

pOf;pm;oGm;rnf jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

6/ a,bk,svkdufvQifrlum; ,ckvuf½Sdtwkdif; &efukefwuúokdvf½Sdapvkd\/<br />

wwftm;Ekdifaom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

onf ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;aevkdonf[k jrbl;aumfrwD\ a&;om;csufukd uREkfyfwkdY oabmwlyg\/ xkdokdY<br />

raeEkdifaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; paumvm;½Spfrsm;ykdrkday;&efESifh xkdufoifhaom ausmif;q&mrsm;ukd ynma&;<br />

111

112<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Xmeu pwkdifyif axmufyHh&efqkdaom tcsufudkvnf; oabmwlyg\/ ¤if;tjyif tjyifty woD;wjcm;<br />

qif;&JEGrf;yg; xkdufoifhaom qif;&Jaom? ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH;twGuf wuúokdvfynm&&eftwGuf<br />

wckwnf;aom enf;vrf;[k uREkfyfwkdY txl;,kHMunfaom t&mum; aemufqkH; wuúokdvfpmar;yGJatmifNyD;í<br />

aumvdyfrsm;wGifaeaom pmoifausmif;om;rsm; oifMum;tyfaom tcsdefaphNyD;aom tcgrsKd;ü tjcm;tvGwf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ½kd;½kd;wuúokdvf pmar;yGJtm;vkH;ukd 0ifa&mufajzqkdEkdif&ef cGifhjyKjcif;yifjzpfygaMumif;? xkdaMumifh<br />

þqkdcJhNyD;aom enf;t&vnf;aumif;? qkdvwåHUaom pnf;urf;rsm;t& vnf;aumif;-<br />

(1) wuúokdvfokdY0ifcGifh&aom ausmif;om;wkdif; Oypmwef;pmar;yGJukd tvGwf0ifcGifh&í wzef 'D*&D pmar;<br />

yGJukd uefYowfaom tcsdefNyD;aemuf 0ifcGifh&&ef?<br />

(2) tpkd;&aq;ausmif;rS vnf;aumif;? tpkd;&pufrIvufrI ynmoifausmif;rS vnf;aumif;? bDtkdpDaumvdyf<br />

rS vnf;aumif;? vkdifpifvufrSwf&aom Oypmwef;rS vnf;aumif; atmifaomolwkdif; (3) ESpfrQ<br />

q&m0ef (okdYr[kwf) pufq&m? tif*sifeD,mtjzpf jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf trfbDbDtufpf pmar;yGJukd<br />

vnf;aumif;? tif*sifeD,m bDtufpDpmar;yGJukd vnf;aumif;? 0ifcGifhay;&ef (tu,fí þuJhokdY<br />

trfbDbDtufpf atmifaom ausmif;om;rsm; NAdwdoQ aq;bufqkdif&maumifpDu todrSwfrjyKvQif<br />

b,fuJhokdY jyKvkyf vQif todrSwfjyKrnfjzpfaMumif; pkHprf;ajymay;apvkdygaMumif;)/<br />

7/ tqkdyg pnf;urf;csufrsm;tjyif tm;vkH;tvGwf0ifausmif;om;rsm;twGuf jzpfap? tcsKdUtwGufjzpfap<br />

vkdonfhtavsmuf atmufyg pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk xm;EkdifygaMumif;-<br />

(1) avmu"gwf 'D*&DbGJUxl; (okdYr[kwf) 'pfyvkdrmvufrSwftwGuf twef;tpm;t& vkdtyfaom vufawGU<br />

tvkyfukd todrSwfjyKtyfaom "gwfcGJ½kHwGif vkyfzl;aMumif; oufaocHpm wifjy&ef (okdYr[kwf) xkdvufawGU<br />

oifMum;&eftwGuf wuúokdvfausmif;wGif tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ae&aom umvtykdif;tjcm; w0ufrQ<br />

ae&rnf[k pnf;urf;xm;&ef/<br />

(2) aumvdyfausmif;om; r[kwfaom tvGwfajzolrsm;twGuf &D*spfpwm rSwfykHwifpm&if; wckxm;í<br />

pmar;yGJrajzrD okH;vBudKwifí ¤if;wkdY\ emrnfrsm;ukd rSwfykHwif pm&if;oGif;xm;ap&ef/ þuJhokdY pnf;urf;<br />

xm;vQif uREkffyfwkdY\ txufyg tvGwfynmoifwkdYtwGuf xifjrifcsufwkdYrSm rvkyfEkdifbG,f r½Sd[k<br />

,lqygaMumif;/<br />

8/ ¤if;tjyif wuúokdvftufOya'wGif &uf*lav;½Sif; eHygwf (9) (tcef;- 6) ESifh tvm;wl owfrSwfcsufrsm;ukd<br />

xkwfy,f&ef uREkffyfwkdYwkdufwGef;ygaMumif;? rnfonfhaumvdyfausmif;om;rqkd ¤if;oiftyfaompmukd tcsdef<br />

aphatmif oif,lNyD;onfhaemuf (2) ESpfuszl;onfjzpfap? wESpfuszl;onf jzpfap (okdYr[kwf) vkH;0pmar;yGJ<br />

rajzbl;onfjzpfap tvGwfpmar;yGJ 0ifoifhygaMumif;? þta&;ESifh ywfoufí jrbl;aumfrwDu wESpf<br />

uszl;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tvGwfpmar;yGJ 0ifcGifhay;oifhonf[k axmufcHcsufrSm vkHavmufonf[k<br />

uREkfyfwkdY r,lqaMumif;? ausmif;om;wOD;onf rdrdajzqkdtHhaom pmar;yGJtwGuf tcsdefaphatmif oifNyD;orQ<br />

umvywfvkH; tvGwfpmar;yGJ ajzEkdifatmif wESpfus&OD;rnf qkdonfrSm ,kwådrwefvSay/<br />

9/ tvGwfajzqkdaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk cGifhjyKvkdonfhtaMumif;rsm;rSm (2) &yf[k awG;p&m½SdygaMumif;? yxr<br />

taMumif;um; þuJhokdY tcGifhta&;onf wuúokdvfynm\ twef;tpm; avsmhbG,f&m jzpfonf[laom<br />

t&myif jzpfavonf/ þwGif uREkffyfwkdYonf þuJhodkY xifjrifcsufrsm; txl;rSm;onf[k ,lqygaMumif;?<br />

wuúokdvfonf rdrdtwef;tpm;udk rdrdtvkd½Sdovdk owfrSwfEkdifaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh þuJhokdY twef;tpm;ukd<br />

&oifh&xkdufonfrSm txl;xif½Sm; vSygaMumif;? xkduJhokdY wuúokdvfpmar;yJGrsm;\ twef;tpm;rsm;rSm jrifae&<br />

orQ umvywfvkH; tvGwfajzqkdolrsm;tm; cGifhjyKojzifh wuúokdvfbGJUrsm;rSm b,fenf;ESifhrQ twef;tpm;<br />

avsmhí aps;aygoGm;rnf r[kwfay/ tu,fí wuúokdvfq&mrsm;onf tvGwfajzolrsm;tm; pmjzihf jzpf<br />

ap? ¤if;wkdY tm;vyfcsdefwGif jzpfap? pmoifMum;ygu ¤if;wkdY oifMum;tyfaom wuúokdvf tvkyf0wå&m;rsm;<br />

ayghysufp&m taMumif;½SdygaMumif;? xkdokdYoifMum;jcif;udk txl;wm;jrpfygu tvGwfajzqkdolrsm;ukd cGifhjyK<br />

ojzifh b,fykHb,fenf; wuúokdvfynm\ twef;tpm; avsmhoGm;p&m½SdaMumif; awG;awm&ef cJ,Of;vSay<br />

aMumif;? þokdY xifjrif,lqaom olrsm;tm; pum;tykdryg ½Sif;½Sif;wkdwkdESifh taMumif;jyyg&ef uREkfyfwkdYu<br />

ar;jref;vkdygaMumif;/<br />

10/ uREfkyfwkdY ,cktMuHay;&mwGif ausmif;om;trsm; aumvdyfausmif;okdY rvmrSmvnf; pkd;&drfbG,f&mr½Sday/<br />

tb,faMumifh tcrf;tem;qef;jym;BuD;us,faom ausmif;awmftaqmuftODrsm;? aysmfp&m? yg;p&m? upm;p&m?

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aep&m? qifp&m tcrf;tem;rsm;um; ausmif;om;wkdif;ESifh ausmif;om;wkdif;\ rdbwkdYukd txl; pdwfqGJaqmif<br />

ojzifh wwfEkdifaomolwkdif; aumvdyfausmif;okdYvmrnfrSm ajrBuD;vufcwf rvGJEkdif[k qkdEkdifaMumif;? þokdY<br />

jzpf&um; wuúokdvfrSm tvGwfajzolrsm;tm; cGifhjyKojzifh b,fenf;ESifhrQ qkH;½IH;p&mrjrifay/<br />

11/ þtaMumif;rSty þuJhokdY tvGwfajzqkdolrsm;tm; cGifhjyKjcif;onf tvkyftukdif½Sdí axmufyHhp&m vlrsm;<br />

tpkd;&zufwGif jzpfap? tjcm;zufwGif jzpfap? a½SUokdY wkd;wufcsifaom olrsm;pGmwkd Ytm; txufwef;ynmukd<br />

oifvkdaompdwf jzpfzG,f&m ½SdygaMumif;? þokdYaiGtm; rwwfEkdifí txufwef;ynm&vkdaom olrsm;omvQif<br />

tvGwfajzqkdolrsm; jzpfrnfjzpfaMumif;? wuúokdvfpmar;yGJ twef;tpm;onf jrifhjrifh½SdaevQif xkdpmar;yGJ<br />

atmifEkdifonfh tvGwfajzqkdolrSm omrnvlrsm;xuf t&nftcsif;½Sdolyif jzpfavonf/ þokdY tMuHOmPf<br />

rsm;udk pOf;pm;&mwGif &efukefwuúokdvf wckwnf;om jrefrmjynfwGif½Sdonf [lonfh tcsufukd txl;owd<br />

jyKoifhygaMumif;/<br />

12/ txufujyqkdcJhonfhtwkdif; wcrf;wem; wuúokdvfwGif ae&xkdif&onfukdaxmufí wwfEkdifaom ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;onf ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; jzpfMurnf jzpfaMumif;? pifppftm;jzifh &efukefNrdKUwGif rdb½Sdaom<br />

rsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;rsm;yif ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;tjzpf aevkdMuaMumif;? okdYaomf xkduJhokdY raevkdaom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tb,fuJhokdY xm;rnfenf;/ &efukefNrdKUwGif rdbrsm;ESifh aexkdifaom ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm; tdrfjyeftdrfpm;tjzpf vufcHonf rSefaomfvnf; aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;ESifh aexkdifaom ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm; &Hzef&Hcg ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ae&rnf[k twif;tMuyf wkdufwGef;onfudk uREkfyfwkdY awGU½Sd&yg<br />

aMumif;? NrdKUxJwGifaejcif;onf p&dwfoufom acsmifcsdí pm;a&;aomufa&;rSmvnf; aumvdyfausmif;rsm;<br />

xuf rcsKdU,Gif;[k uREkfyfwkdY,kHMunfaMumif;? okdYjzpf&um; &efukefNrdKUwGif rdbrsm;ESifhaexkdifMuaom ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;tjyif bDat? bDtufpD twef;rsm;udk oifMum;Muaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vkH;? ¤if;wkdY\ rdb<br />

(okdYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;olrsm;u pmjzifh taMumif;Mum;u NrdKUxJwGif ae&ef cGifhjyKxkdufaMumif;/<br />

13/ wuúodkvfonf ¤if;aumifpDu? ¤if;aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;xJu jzpfap? okdYr[kwf jyifywkdif;jynfzufwGif<br />

vnf;aumif;? ynma&;zufwGif vnf;aumif; aqmif½Gufaeaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;xJu jzpfap? ¤if;t"dywd csefq,f<br />

vm vlMuD;udk a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef tcGifhta&; &½SdxkdufNyD[k uREkfyfwkdY av;av;eufeuf ,lqaMumif;?<br />

wuúodkvfonf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfvkyfukdif&aom taqmuftODjzpfonfhtwkdif; ¤if;tBuD;trSL; em,utjzpf<br />

wifajr§mufvkdoltm; wifajr§mufEkdif&efrSm txl;avsmfuef oifhjrwfvSayaMumif;? xkdokdYa½G;aumuf wifajr§muf<br />

cH&aom csefq,fvm t"dywdonf bk&ifcHxuf wuúodkvfta&;rsm;ukd ykdrkdeD;pyfpGmodí pdwf0ifwpm; vkdufpm;<br />

zG,f&m ½SdaMumif;? ¤if;tjyif rnfonfhtcsdefrqkd wuúodkvfESifh vuf½Sdtpkd;&wdkY tjiif;yGm;Muygu xkduJhokdY<br />

a½G;aumufaom t"dywdonf wuúodkvfbufrS txl;ajymay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? bk&ifcHom t"dywdjzpfae<br />

ygu Mum;rSvnf;aumif;? vuf½SdtrwfcsKyf tpkd;&zufrSvnf;aumif; ae&eftaMumif; ½SdayaMumif;/<br />

14/ jrbl;aumfrwDonf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfausmif;rsm; qufqHa&;ESifh ywfoufí wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif<br />

tmPm½Sd? r½Sd[laom tcsufudk tpD&ifcHpm eHygwf (13) ESifh (14)? ¤if;aemuf (26) rS (28) wdkYwGif pOf;<br />

pm; aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? xdkodkYaqG;aEG;&mwGif jrbl;aumfrwDu wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tmPmr½Sdqdkaom<br />

pum;rSm tajctjrpfususee r½Sd[kqdkaMumif;? þpum;udk axmufjcif;tm;jzifh jrbl;aumfrwD0if<br />

vlBuD;wdkYonf wuúodkvftwGif;a&;udk aumif;pGmrodaMumif; xif½Sm;vSayonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDonf<br />

tmPmr½Sd[lonfh tcsufrSm txifrQom r[kwf? wu,f tppftrSefyif jzpfaMumif;? ,ckvuf½Sd t"dywd\<br />

aumufcsufwckt&qdkaomf wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif ¤if;tm; vlBuD;rsm;onf ar;cGef;rsm;<br />

rar;EdkifqdkaMumif;? wzeftjcm;¤if; aumufcsuft&um; wuúodkvfaumifpD\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf qD;edwf<br />

tzGJUESifh wuúodkvfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;odkY axmufcHcsuftaersKd;jzifhom qD;edwfESifh aumvdyftkyfcsKyf<br />

a&;tzGJUwdkY tay: rnfodkYrQ wm0efrwnfaMumif;? pwufusL (33) ESifh (34) taMumif;wdkYudk txl;ta&;,l<br />

aomf jyxm;í jrbl;aumfrwDyifvQif txifrSm;? tjrifrSm; jzpfaeayaMumif;? þpwufusL (33-34)<br />

t& csxm;tyfaom pnf;rsOf;tpDtpOfrSm wu,fwef; jzpfajrmufEdkif&ef cJ,Of;vSayaMumif;? tpD&ifcHpmwck<br />

wuúodkvfausmif; wausmif;rS awmif;qdkEdkif&ef wuúodkvfaumifpD yxrawGUí aqG;aEG; &OD;rnfjzpfaMumif;?<br />

xdkuJhodkY aqG;aEG;&mwGif tpD&ifcHpmudk awmif;&eftqdkrSm ½IH;aumif; ½IH;EdkifayaMumif;? r½IH;bJ twnfjzpfap<br />

umrl aumvdyfrsm;u vdktyfaom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk wifoGif;&ef tcsdef,l qGJOD;rnfjzpfaMumif;? xdkYaemuf<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDu wzefawGUqkHí aqG;aEG;&OD;rnfjzpfaMumif;? xdktpD&ifcHpmt& ta&;,l&eftqdkonf<br />

113

114<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

yxr ½IH;aumif; ½IH;ayrnf/ r½IH;í twnfjzpfonfhwdkifatmif wuúodkvft"dywd\ oabmwlnDcsuf &½Sd<br />

&OD;rnf jzpfaMumif;/ odkYjzpf&um; {&mrwuúodkvfaumifpDBuD;\ tmPmpufjyif;aom trdefYawmfvTmrSm<br />

qdkif&m aumvdyfwdkYodkY ra&mufcif tcsif;jzpfyGm;aeaom t&mrsm;rSm vufvGefESifhí NyD;NyDjzpfí teEÅol&d,<br />

trwf owfapaom e&odcFrif;uJhodkY jzpfrnfrSm txl;xif½Sm;vSayaMumif;/<br />

15/ wzef wuúodkvfaumifpDvlBuD;rsm;onf pwufusL (33) t& tb,fodkYvQif rdrdwdkY\ tcGifhta&;udk<br />

tokH;csEdkifygrnfenf;/ aumvdyfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk tjyifrnfolrQ<br />

rod&? owif;pmrsm;wGifvnf; raMunm? aumvdyfausmif;rsm;taMumif; aumifpDvlBuD;rsm; b,fykH b,fenf;<br />

MuHzefí odEdkifygrnfenf;/ ¤if;wdkY odzG,f&mXmerSvGefrS xGufvmaom aumvm[vowif;rsm;om jzpfay<br />

vdrfhrnf/ odkYpOfvsuf jrbl;aumfrwD0iftm;vkH;u wuúodkvfaumifpDonf tmPmtb,f½Sdonf[k ajymqdk<br />

jcif;rSm tHhbG,fyifwum;/ uREkfyfwdkYonf aumvdyfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;udk wuúodkvftmPmydkif<br />

tzGJUrsm; tjzpf[k aMunmonf raMunmonfudk tav;rrlay/ uREfkyfwdkY tvdk½SdonfrSm wuúodkvfaumif<br />

pDonf pm½Gufay:wGifomr[kwf wu,ftvkyfvkyf&mwGifvnf; tmPm½Sdonfudkom tvdk½SdaMumif;? xkdY<br />

aMumifh aumvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwdkif;\ tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;ESifhwuG tjcm;vdktyfaom pm½Gufpmwrf;<br />

rsm;udkyg tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;NyD;í &ufowåywf ESpfywftwGif; aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;xHodkY ydkY&ef<br />

txl;wdkufwGef; &ayaMumif;? 4if;tjyif pwufusL (33) ESifh (34) wGif csxm;tyfaom pnf;rsOf; tpDt<br />

pOfudkvnf; rnfonfh aumifpDvlBuD;rqdk ta&;,lEdkifatmif jyifqifoifhygaMumif;? xdkodkYta&;,l&ef tqdk<br />

atmifjrifvQif xdkqkH;jzwfcsufrSm wnfí aumvdyfausmif;rsm;u vdkufem&rnf jzpfaMumif;? aumvdyfausmif;<br />

rsm;\ ausmif;tkyfrsm;onf aumifpDvlBuD;rsm; jzpfaMumif;? odkYjzpf&m wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif 4if;tkyfcsKyf<br />

a&;\ tzGJUrsm;\ ,lqykHoabmudk ajymjyEdkifaMumif;? þenf;jzifhomvQif wuúodkvfaumifpDonf tmPm<br />

½Sdí ¤if;aumvdyfrsm; tay:wGif tkyfcsKyfuGyfuJEdkifrnf jzpfaMumif;? þodkYr[kwfvQif þ&,fp&maumif;aom<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDtmPmudk zsufodrf;í wkdif;jynftm;trSeftwdkif; odaptyfvSNyDjzpfaMumif;/<br />

16/ jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESmeHygwf (26-28) wdkYwGif axmufcHcsufwdkYrSm jyif;jyif;xefxef tjypfqdkxdkuf<br />

vSaMumif;/ pmrsufESmeHygwf (28) wGif jrbl;aumfrwDonf jrefrmeef;&if;0efBuD;onf t"dywdjzpfoifh?<br />

rjzpfoifhta&;ukd aqG;aEG;onfu tu,fí EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJjrefí 0g'trsKd;rsKd; t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd;<br />

½Sdaom csefq,fvm t"dywdatmufokdY wuúodkvfa&muf&vQif cPcP wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;rSm wrsKd;NyD;<br />

wrsKd; uGJvGJp&m½Sdojzifh onf;rcHEkdifp&m tajcodkY a&muf½SdzG,f jrifayaMumif;[k qkdxm;yg\/ pmrsufESm<br />

eHygwf (20) wGifvnf; Oya'jyKtzGJUrS wuúokdvfaumifpDokdY ukd,fpm;vS,f vTwfoifh? rvTwfoifh ta&;wGif<br />

tvm;wl rSwfcsufukd awGU&avonf/ wuúokdvftkyfcsKyfa&;ukd EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJtvkduf r½Sdoifh[laom<br />

xifjrifcsufukd uREkfyfwkdYvnf; BudKufyg\/ okdYjzpf&um; pmrsufESmeHygwf (26-28) wkdYwGif ,leDAmpDwD?<br />

aumvdyf? aq;aumvdyf? q&mjzpfoifaumvdyfwkdYonf ¤if;wkdYukd tpkd;&u axmufyHHhxm;í tpkd;&tkyfcsKyf<br />

&rnf jzpfaMumif;[k axmufcHxm;onfukd awGU&aomtcg txl;tHhMozG,f&m jzpfygaMumif;? þokYdqkdvQif<br />

tjrJwrf; y#dnmOf (tkdifpDtuf) trIxrf;wkdY\ tMuHay;csufvkdufemum trwfcsKyftzGJU atmufokdY aum<br />

vdyfausmif;rsm; usa&mufojzifh EkdifiHa&;t&dyftwGif; usrnfr[kwfygavm? aumvdyfrsm; þodkYjzpfvQif<br />

wuúokdvfvnf; EkdifiHa&;t&dyfruif;Ekdifacs? xkdYaMumifh ,k'oefaumvdyfuJhokdY tjcm;aumvdyfrsm;udk rxm;bJ<br />

,k'oefaumvdyfukd wuúokdvfvufatmuf oGif;oifhayaMumif;? wuúokdvfonf aumvdyfausmif;rsm;r½Sd<br />

bJ pmoifMum;jcif;ESifh aea&;xkdifa&;ukd ¤if;ukd,fwkdif aqmif½Gufjcif;tm;jzifh jzpfEkdifaMumif;? okdY&mwGif<br />

wuúokdvfr½SdbJ rnfonfhaumvdyfrS rjzpfEkdif? tu,fí aumvdyfausmif; wausmif;onf þtcsuftvuf<br />

rsm;udk oabmrwlygu wuúokdvftzGJU0if aumvdyftjzpf todrSwfrjyKbJ ¤if;ausmif;rsm;tm; wuúokdvf<br />

pmar;yGJ0ifcGifhukd ray;bJxm;í Oya'jyKtzGJUvnf; aiGraxmufyHhbJ xm;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? xkdaMumifh ,k'oef<br />

aumvdyf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUukd jyKjyif&ef rjzpfEkdifqkdonfwGif jrbl;aumfrwDESifh uREkfyfwkYd oabmcsif;rwlay/<br />

,k'oefaumvdyfonf þtcsufrsm; rvkdufemvQif wuúokdvfrS xGufoGm;EkdifonhftaMumif;ukd ½Sif;vif;<br />

jywfom;pGm odap&rnf jzpfaMumif;/<br />

17/ ¤if;jyif wuúokdvfaumifpDonf wu,ftmPm½Sdaom aumvdyfausmif;rsm;tay: MoZmtmPmanmif;&ef<br />

twGuf Oya'jyKtzGJUu ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; wuúokdvftwGuf owfrSwfaom bwf*sufaiGpm&if;ukd wuúokdvfokdY<br />

om wkduf½kduf ay;apvkdaMumif;? xkdrSwzef aumvdyfrsm;okdY wuúokdvfu a0pkcsay;oifhaMumif;/ þtcsuf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

rsm;wGif uREkfyfwkdYonf a'gufwm tufpfata&mhzfwf wifjycsufESifh oabmwlnDygaMumif;/<br />

18/ ,ck qkdtyfcJh&NyD;onfh aumvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwkdYukd wuúokdvfuzGJUpnf;í atmufyg a,bk,sZ,m;<br />

twkdif; zGJUpnf;oifhaMumif;/<br />

- tpkd;&t&m½Sd r[kwfaom aumvdyfausmif;q&mvnf;r[kwfaom wuúokdvfaumifpDu wifajr§mufonfh<br />

vlBuD; (7) a,muf?<br />

- qD;edwfynma&;tzGJUrS (1) a,muf<br />

- ausmif;om;rsm;u wifajr§mufaom vlBuD; (1) a,muf<br />

- ausmif;q&mrsm;rS (1) a,muf<br />

- ausmif;tkyfESifh (q&mjzpfoifaumvdyftwGufom) 'kwd,t"dywdESifh ynmrif;BuD;<br />

- (,leDAmpDwDaumvdyftwGufom) tif*sifeD,mygarmu©<br />

- (aq;aumvdyftwGufom ) jrefrmjynfaq;rif;BuD;<br />

- (,k'oefaumvdyftwGufom) tar&duefomoemjyKtoif;rS (3) a,muf<br />

- ausmif;om;rsm;u wifajr§muftyfaom vlBuD;rSm ausmif;om;rSvGJí &D*spfpwm rSwfykHwifpm&if;oGif;NyD;<br />

wuúokdvfbGJUxl;&olrsm;omru tjcm;vlBuD;rsm;xJrSvnf; jzpfoifhaMumif;/<br />

19/ pmrsufESmeHygwf (14) jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif tufOya'yk'fr (C) qkdvdktyfaom o½kyft"dyÜg,f½SdvsufESifh<br />

trIaqmifaumfrwDonf wuúokdvfaumifpD\ tzGJUr[kwf[k qkdxm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf þonfukd oabm<br />

rwl/ yk'fr 2 (C) wGif ay;xm;aom o½kyfazmfjycsufrSm aocsmpGm rSefuefaMumif;? þxifjrifcsufwGif trIaqmif<br />

tzGJUrSm wifajr§muftyfaom vlBuD;rsm;ESifh wuúokdvft&m½Sdrsm;om ½Sdaejcif;u txl;axmufcHvsufyif<br />

½SdayaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh yk'fr 2 (C) ukd rajymif;oifh? ½SdjrJ½Sdapí trIaqmifaumfrwDudkvnf; trIaqmif<br />

aumifpD[k rajymif;vJoifh? trIaqmifaumfrwD tcGifha&;ESifhywfoufí jrbl;aumfrwD okdYavm? okdYavm<br />

awG;awmaep&m rvkd? ½SdorQtm;vkH; tmPmwkdYukd wuúokdvfaumifpDtm;vTJí xkdYaemufrS pwufusLrsm;t&<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUokdY vTJtyfoifhayaMumif;/<br />

20/ qD;edwfukd ynmoifaumifpD[kac:&ef axmufcHcsufudk uREkfyfwkdY uefYuGuf&efrjrif/ þynmoifaumifpD<br />

[lonfh pum;onf qD;edwftzGJU\ &nf½G,fcsufvkyfief;udk ykdrkdxif½Sm;apygvQif bkwf (½kH;) [k wuúokdvf<br />

aumifpD tpm;ay;xm;aom ¤if;\ &nf½G,fcsufvkyfief;udk omíyif rodomaponf[k xifygaMumif;/<br />

xkdYaMumifh wuúokdvfaumifpD[kyif ½Sd&if;pGJemrnfukd xm;oifhaMumif;? okdYr[kwf ynmoifaumifpDrS cGJjcm;<br />

jyovkdrluvnf; tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpD[k ajymif;vJapvkdygaMumif;/<br />

21/ pmrsufESm (15) (jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm) wGif 'kwd,t"dywdukd a½G;aumuf&rnf[laom axmufcHcsufudk<br />

MudKufESpfoufay\/ okdY&mwGif þuJhokdY wuúokdvfaumifpDu a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom 'kwd,t"dywdukd<br />

csefq,fvm t"dywd\ oabmwlnDcsuf ½SdrnfqkdonfrSm taMumif;rwefvSay/ wuúokdvfonf tmPm½Sd<br />

aom tzGJUjzpfoifhonfh twkdif;? ¤if;a½G;aumufwifajr§mufvkdaom 'kwd,t"dywdudk a½G;aumuf xkdufay<br />

onf/ xkdokdY a½G;aumufaom 'kwd,t"dywdudk oabmrusEkdifaom t"dywdukd uREkfyfwkdY awG;í r&acs/<br />

22/ wuúokdvfaumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;wGif Oya't& jyifyrS tpkd;&t&m½Sdvnf; r[kwf? wuúokdvft&m½Sdvnf; r[kwf?<br />

aumvdyfausmif;q&mvnf; r[kwfaom vlBuD;trsm;tjym;yg0if&ef ½Sdoifhaom awmif;qkdcsufudk uREkfyfwkdY t<br />

xl; axmufcHaMumif;? jrbl;aumfrwDu þawmif;qkdcsufonf tpkd;&drfvGefí awmif;qkdjcif; jzpfonf[k<br />

qkd\/ okdY&mwGif þokdYpkd;&drfjcif;onf tpdk;&wuúokdvf okdYr[kwf aumvdyft&m½Sdrsm;jzpfaom tpkd;&t&m½Sdrsm;<br />

tay: MoZmtmPm ysHUESHYaprnfxifí jzpfonfqkd&mü rSm;\/ uREkfyfwkdY pkd;&drfonfhtaMumif;rSm tpkd;&<br />

uRefrsm;omru? jynfa&;jynf&mukd vkdufpm;aom vlBuD;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;ukdyif zkH;vTrf;aeaom<br />

uRefpdwftwGuf pkd;&drfjcif;jzpfayonf/ xkduRefpdwfaMumifh tpkd;&tvkyf r&&m r&aMumif;? tpkd;& todtrSwf<br />

r&&m? r&aMumif; [k xifaom t&mwkdYwGif þuJhokdY vlrsKd;rsm;rSm rm;rm;rwfrwf wkdif;jynfzufrS rae0Hhay/<br />

23/ ynmoifa&;oufouf tzGJUrsm;wGif q&mrsm;ukd avsmhvkdjcif;ukd jrbl;aumfrwDu txl;aMumufvefYaomf<br />

vnf; uREkfyfwkdYum; þrQpkd;&drfzG,f&mr½Sd[k xifygaMumif;? ynmoifMum;a&; oufouftzGJUrsm; tay:wGif<br />

tjyifyvltrsm; ½SdoihfaMumif; awmif;qkdcsufrSm r½Sday/<br />

24/ wuúokdvfaumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;\ta&twGufukd twnfwusrxm;&efukd jrbl;aumfrwDESifh oabmwl<br />

ygaMumif;? t"dywdcsefq,fvmESifh wGJbufcsefq,fvmwkdY aumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm; r[kwfoifhqkdaom axmufcH<br />

115

116<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

csufukdvnf; uefYuGufp&mr½Sdyg/ okdY&mwGif wGJbufcsefq,fvmonf aumifpDukd rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&ef<br />

t"dywd\ wlnDcsuf&&rnfqkdonfwGif 'kwd,csefq,fvmonf aumifpD\ cs,f,mrifjzpfí ynmrif;<br />

BuD;ESifh aumvdyfausmif;tkyfrsm;onf aumifpD0ifvlBuD;jzpfjcif;udk ruefYuGufyg/<br />

25/ &efukefNrdKU½Sd t*Fvdyfc&pf,mef*kdPf;ESifh ½kdrefuufovpf*kdPf;tkyfwkdYtm; aumifpD0ifvlBuD;jzpfjcif;udk oabm<br />

rwlyg/ xkdenf;twkdif; omoemykdiftm; aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; wifajr§muf&ef tcGifhta&;udkvnf; oabm<br />

rwlyg/ xkdaMumifh yk'fr 11 (1)(C)(i) ESifh (n) wdkYudk wuúokdvftufrS xkwfy,f&ef tMuHay;ygaMumif;/<br />

26/ þenf;twkdif; yk'fr 11 (1)(c) ESifh yk'fr (1)(¡) wkdYwGif ay;xm;aom omoema&;ESifhqkdifaom toif;rsm;<br />

tm; tcGifha&;ay;jcif;ukd oabmrwlyg/ þyk'frtao;wkdYukd y,fzsufí trsKd;om;ynma&;tzGJU(pDtiftD;)<br />

rS (2) a,muf ukd,fpm;vS,fwifcGifh? tjcm; (10) a,mufudk ynma&;ESifhqkdifaom tzGJUrsm;tm; wzGJUpDjzpfap?<br />

wGJíjzpfap wifajr§mufcGifhay;&ef wkdufwGef;ygaMumif;/<br />

27/ ynmoifMum;a&;aumifpDrS wuúokdvfaumifpDokdY wifajr§mufxdkufaom OD;a&onf wuúokdvfaumifpDrS<br />

ynmoifMum;aomaumifpDokdY wifaom OD;a&ESifh wlnDrQxm;oifhaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh yk'fr 11 (1)(Z) udk<br />

þenf;twkdif; jyifapvkdygaMumif;? okdYr[kwf ,ckvuf½Sdtwkdif; OD;a&xm;vkdygu atmufygtwkdif; þyk'frukd<br />

jyifapvkdygaMumif;/<br />

]]ygarmu© 5 OD;xufrykdaom ynma&;aumifpD0ifvlBuD; 10 OD; aumifpD0if vlBuD; jzpf&rnf/}}<br />

þtwkdif; jzpfygu yk'fr 14 (1)(i) ukdvnf; ynmoifMum;a&;aumifpDokdY tjyifyrSvlBuD;<br />

(10) a,muf wuúokdvfaumifpDu wifajr§mufEkdifatmif jyifqifay;vkdygaMumif;? yxrtMuHay;csufudk<br />

vufcHygrlum;? pmrsufESmeHygwf (25) jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif axmufcHcsufudk oabmwlygaMumif;/<br />

28/ wuúokdvfaumifpDwGif rSwfykHwifwuúokdvfbGJUxl;rsm;tm; ukd,fpm;vS,fwifajr§mufa&;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

yk'fr 11 (u)(ps) udk jyifqif&ef jrbl;aumfrwDu tMuHay;&mwGif rSwfykHwifwuúokdvfbGJUxl;&ol (50)<br />

vQif wa,mufus aumifpDvlBuD; ½Sd&rnf[kqkdaomtcsufudk oabmwlygaMumif;? okdY&mwGiftenf;qHk;<br />

wuúokdvfbGJUxl;&olrsm; (10) a,muf aumifpDwGif ½Sd&rnfjzpfonfukd oabmwlaomfvnf; (15) a,muf<br />

xufrykd&[kqkdonfukd oabmrwlyg/ txufokdY OD;a&rnfrQ uefYowf&ef rxm;oifhyg/ xkduJhokdY wuúokdvf<br />

bGJUxl;&olrsm; aumifpDwGif rsm;avaumif;av jzpfygaMumif;? þuJhokdUjyKojzifh ¤if;wkdY OD;a&rSmvnf; tqrwef<br />

rsm;vm&ef r½Sdyg/ xkdokdY bGJUxl;&olrsm;jzpfaom aumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;rSm tenf;qkH; (75) &mckdifEIef;rSm<br />

tjyiftyvlBuD;rsm; jzpfoifhygaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; 'D*&DbGJUxl;rsm;udk &MuonfESifh wNydKifeuf rSwfykHwif<br />

bGJUxl;&olrsm;tjzpfodkY a&mufoifhygonf/ wuúokdvfbGJUxl;rsm;ukd &½SdNyD;olrsm;onf xkdtcsdef xdktcgwGif<br />

wuúokdvftwGuf Oya'tzGJU0ifvlBuD;? wuúokdvfaumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;udk a½G;cs,f&ef pOf;pm; csifhcsdefwwf<br />

aom t½G,fa&mufNyD;[k ,lqoifhygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf ta½G;aumufrcH&[k pnf;urf;xm;vQif<br />

uREkfyfwkdY\ tMuHOmPfudk vufcHEkdifzG,f r½Sdyg/ jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESmeHygwf (19) wGif rSwfykHwif<br />

tcaiG 10d^- jzpfoifhonf[laom axmufcHcsufukd oabmwlygaMumif;/<br />

29/ &efukef? rEÅav;? ppfawG? armfvNrdKifjrLeDpy,frsm;rS aumifpDokdY ukd,fpm;vS,f vTwfjcif;ukd ½SdjrJ½Sdapoifh<br />

ygonf/ xkdxuftvGef jynf? yJcl;? awmifilNrdKUrsm;rS jrLeDpDyg,frsm;udkvnf; ukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;pD wifEkdifcGifh<br />

ay;oifhygonf/ þNrdKUrsm;rSmvnf; NrdKUBuD;rsm;jzpfygonf/ þokdYay;ojzifh ¤if;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh tjcm;<br />

jrLeDpDyg,ftzGJUwkdYtm; ¤if;wkdYt&yfrS wuúokdvf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; aiGaxmufcHpm? tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESm<br />

(9) wGif tMuHay;onfhtwkdif; jzpfEkdifzG,f&m½SdaMumif;/<br />

30/ wuúokdvfaumifpDwGif Oya'jyKtzGJUrS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; ½Sdoifhayonf/ NAdwdoQygvDrefESifh atmufpzkdY<br />

wuúokdvfwkdY qufoG,fa&;ESifh &efukefwuúokdvfESifh jrefrmjynfvTwfawmf qufoG,fa&;rSm rwlay/<br />

tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESm (20-21) wkdYwGif jrbl;aumfrwDu aumifpDokdY ukd,fpm;vS,f vTwfcGifh vTwfawmftm;<br />

tifwifwif ay;xm;aomfvnf; pmrsufESm (26-28) wGifum; aumvdyfausmif;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyf&ef tpkd;&vuf<br />

okdY 0uGufí tyfvkdufayonf/ pifppftm;jzifh vTwfawmfokdY wifajr§mufvkdufaom ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf<br />

EkdifiHa&; t,ltrsKd;rsKd;rS jzpfEkdifayonf/ okYd&mwGif tpkd;&tzGJUzGJUNyD;í aqmif½GufvQifum; EkdifiHa&; t,ltjrif<br />

wrsKd;wnf; ½Sdrnfjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh vTwfawmftm; aumifpDukd,fpm;vTwf&ef tcGifhta&;ay;jcif;onf<br />

aumvdyfrsm;udk tpkd;&vuftyfonfxuf pkd;&drfaMumifhMup&m enf;ayonf/ pmrsufESmeHygwf (21) wGif<br />

txufESifh atmufvTwfawmfwkdYtm; a0ykHcsxm;aom OD;a&udk oabmrwlyg/ txufvTwfawmfrS aumifpDokdY

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(2) a,muf? atmufvTwfawmfrS aumifpDokdY (8) a,muf vTwfoifhaMumif;? þonfomvQif vTwfawmf<br />

(2) ck OD;a&ESifh tcsKd;usayonf/<br />

31/ aumifpDokdY ausmif;om;rsm;u ukd,fpm;vS,fwa,muf wifajr§mufoifhonf[k axmufcHcsuf (pmrsufESm-21) udk<br />

zwf&í 0rf;ajrmufygaMumif;? okdY&mwGif a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&aom vlBuD;onf rSwfykHwifbGJUxl;&olrsm;<br />

rSom r[kwf? ausmif;om;r[kwfaom tjcm;vlrsm;rSvnf; jzpfoifhygonf/ wuúokdvfonf ¤if;\ ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;tm; trSm;ESifhtrSef a0cGJEdkif&ef oifMum;&eftwGuf jzpf\/ xkduJhodkY ynmoifay;onf qkdygu<br />

&efukefwuúokdvfonf ¤if;ausmif;om;rsm;\ a0zefaompdwfukd ,kHMunfxkduf\/ oifhawmfolukdom aumif<br />

pDokdY wifajr§mufrnf[k oHo,½Sdp&m r½Sd/ jrbl;aumfrwDu þuJhokdY ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,f xm;jcif;<br />

onf oifhawmfvSonfhtcsuf wuúokdvfvkyfief;w&yf[k rxif[k qkd&mü uREkfyfwkdYum; xkdodkYrMunfh?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;\ ukd,fpm;vS,fonf ausmif;om;wkdYtzkdY aumifpDwGif aps;qpf&efr[kwf? ausmif;om;wkdY\<br />

tmoDotrSef oabmxm; ajymMum;&eftwGuf jzpf\/<br />

32/ tpD&ifcHpmeHygwf (21) wGif 'kwd,csefq,fvma[mif;wkdYudk aumifpD0if &moufyefvlBuD;rsm; jzpfoifhonf[k<br />

axmufcHcsufukd oabmrwl? ¤if;trIxrf;ukd tjcm;enf;jzifh todrSwfjyKvkdu jyKEkdif\/<br />

33/ wuúokdvfaumifpD\ oufwrf;onf (3) ESpfyif jzpfoifhonf[k pmrsufESmeHygwf (22) wGif axmufcHcsufukd<br />

oabmwlygaMumif;? okdY&mwGif a½G;aumufyGJrSm wBudrfwnf; jzpfapvkdaMumif;? Mum;a½G;aumufyGJwGif<br />

ta½G;cH&olonf umvtykdif;tjcm;twGufom aumifpDvlBuD;jzpfoifhí okH;ESpfwBudrf a½G;aumufyGJBuD;<br />

½SdapvkdaMumif;? þuJhokdYjzpfvQif wuúokdvfta&;ukd ykdrkd vltrsm; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m jzpfygonf/<br />

34/ omreftm;jzifh wuúokdvfaumifpDonf wESpfvQif (2) Budrf pnf;a0;oifhygí tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;<br />

ykdY&müum; (tpD&ifcHpm pmrsufESm 23) wuúokdvftrIaqmiftzGJU? qD;edwftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh aumvdyftkyfcsKyf<br />

a&;tzGJUwkdY\ rSwfwrf;wkdYukd tpnf;ta0;NyD;onfhaemuf (14) &uf twGif; (þrSwfwrf; tykd'f-16<br />

t&) aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;xHokdY ykdYoifhaMumif;? MumrSykdYvQif ta&;,l&ef cJ,Of;rnf jzpfojzifh aumifpDrSm<br />

,ckuJhodkY 'kHY&if;jyefaeOD;rnf jzpfaMumif;/<br />

35/ pmrsufESm (24) wGif aumifpDrSwifajr§mufaom wuúokdvftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifvlBuD; (7) OD; pvkH; tjyifrS<br />

vlBuD;rsm; jzpfoifhaMumif;/<br />

36/ ref;Oypmaumvdyfukd wuúokdvftrIaqmiftzGJUokdY vTJtyf&ef pmrsufESm (25) wGif jrbl;aumfrwD\ axmufcH<br />

csufukd pOf;pm;&mwGif uREkfyfwkdYonf Oypmtwef;rsm;ukd ynmrif;BuD;u tkyfcsKyfoifh? rtkyfcsKyfoifhudk<br />

vnf; pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;rdaomfvnf; tcsuftvufpkHvifpGm rod½Sd&í ,wdjywf qkH;jzwfcsuf rusygaMumif;?<br />

okdY&mwGif pmrsufESm (34) wGif jrbl;aumfrwDu Oypmausmif; (3-4) ausmif;cefY tjcm;NrdK Ursm;wGif (1-2) ESpf<br />

twGif;xm;&ef axmufcHcsufukd uREkfyfwkdY txl;tm;ay;ygaMumif;? tu,fí Oypmwef;rsm;onf wuúokdvf<br />

ynma&; tqifhtwef;yif jzpfoifhonfqkdygvQif uREkfyfwkdY þrSwfwrf;tykd'f (17) wGif qkdcJhonfh tm;avsmfpGm<br />

wuúokdvfu Oypmaumvdyfrsm;ukd tkyfcsKyfjcif;udk oabmwlygonf/ þOypmaumvdyfrsm; ta&;wGif<br />

txl;ojzifh rEÅav;aumvdyfta&;wGif þodkYtkyfcsKyfenf;udk jrbl;aumfrwDonf tb,faMumihf BudKufESpf<br />

ouf&oenf;udk pOf;pm;ír& jzpfygaMumif;? tb,faMumifhqkdaomf pmrsufESm (26? 28) wGifum; tjcm;<br />

wGJbufaumvdyfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí þaxmufcHcsufESifh txl;qefYusifí axmufcHjcif;yifwnf;/ uREkfyfwkdY<br />

tm;vkH; aumvdyfrsm;udk wuúokdvfucsnf; tkyfcsKyf&rnfukd av;eufpGm xyfawmif;qkd vkduf&ayaMumif;/<br />

37/ ref;Oypmaumvdyfta&;ukd pOf;pm;&mwGif jrefrmtpkd;&ESifh Oya'jyKtzGJUodkY rEÅav;aumvdyftm; tcsdef<br />

rqGJbJ 'D*&DaumvdyftjzpfokdY jr§ifhwifyg&ef owday;&ygaMumif;/<br />

38/ ynmoifMum;a&;aumifpD (qD;edwf) wGif wuúokdvfaumifpD ukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& ig;OD;odkY wifajr§muf&ef<br />

axmufcHcsufukd uREkfyfwkdY rSwfwrf;tykd'f (21) wGif qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; axmufcHygaMumif;/<br />

39/ pmrsufESm (26) jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmwGif wuúokdvftufOya' yk'fr (21)? yk'fri,f (2) ukd jyif&ef axmufcH<br />

csufwGif taMumif;rjrif? tb,faMumifh wuúokdvf0ifcGifhOya' xm;&mwGif bk&ifcHESifhaumifpD oabm<br />

wlnDcsuf ½dS&rnfukd awG;qír&yg/ xkdYaMumifh yk'fr 21 (2) wGif bk&ifcHcsKyfESifh aumifpDtkyfcsKyfjcif;udk<br />

twnfxm;í jyKqkdaom pum;rsm;ukd y,fxkwfapvkdaMumif;/<br />

40/ pmrsufESm (29) wGif ygarmu©rsm;ukdk wuúokdvftrIaqmifu cefYoifhonf[k axmufcHcsufukd oabmwl<br />

ygaMumif;? wuúokdvftrIaqmifonf pwufusLt& wuúokdvftmPmykdiftzGJU wckjzpfoifhonf[k jrbl;<br />

117

118<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aumfrwD\ axmufcHcsuftwkdif; topfwuúokdvf tufOya'wGif xkdokdYjzpfvdrfhrnf[k ,lqaMumif;? xkd<br />

okdYjzpfvQif wuúokdvfaumifpDu trIaqmifu ygarmu©cefYxm;a&;ukd jyefvnfppfaq;cGifh½Sdonf[k ,lq<br />

aMumif; xdkokdYr[kwfygu xdktcsuftvufudk xnfhoGif;apvkdaMumif; qD;edwftrIaqmifESifh wuúokdvftrI<br />

aqmifwYkd tcsif;rsm;MuvQif t"dywdr[kwfbJ wuúokdvfaumifpDxHom tqkH;tjzwfcHoifhygaMumif;/<br />

41/ pmrsufESm (29) wGif yk'fr (23) t& wuúokdvfaumifpDu pwufusLrsm; jyKvkyfEkdifcGifh? y,fzsufcGifh? jyifqif<br />

cGifhESifh ywfoufí jyKjyif&ef axmufcHcsufukd txl;oabmrusaMumif;? þaxmufcHcsufum; aemufjyefqkwf<br />

jcif; jzpfaMumif;? þyk'frrSm wuúokdvftufOya'wGif ESpfaygif; (13) ESpfrQ½SdNyD jzpfí ,cktxd þyk'frudk<br />

wuúokdvfaumifpDu tvGJokH;pm;rjyKcJhonfukd axmufí tdE´d,wuúokdvfrsm;wGif þyk'frudk ei,ftNrD;<br />

wyfonfukd þwuúokdvfuvnf; vkdufwyfp&m rvkday/ xkdYaMumifh yk'fr (23) ukd jyifqifjcif;ukd uREkfyfwkdY<br />

oabmrusay/<br />

42/ pmrsufESm (31) wGif pwufusL (33-34) wkdYukd tmPmcsKyfuGyf&ef jyifqifcsufukd oabmrusonfhtjyif<br />

uREkfyfwkdY þrSwfwrf; (16) tykd'fwGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; jyifqifapvkdygaMumif;/<br />

43/ pmrsufESm (41) wGif aumvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;\ Ouú|ESifh 'kOuú| wkdYukd a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufoifhonf<br />

[k axmufcHcsufukd oabmwlygonf/<br />

44/ pmrsufESm (31) wGif ,leDAmpwDaumvdyfausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;<br />

ygxkdufonf[k axmufcHcsufukd oabmwlygonf/ okdY&mwGif þrSwfwrf; (19) wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif;<br />

ajr§mufwifí vlBuD;rSm ausmif;om;r[kwfonfh wuúokdvfbGJUxl;&olrsm;om r[kwfbJ tjcm;vlMuD;rsm;rS<br />

vnf; ajr§mufEkdifcGifh &apvkdygaMumif;( tykd'f-32 ukdvnf; Munfhyg)/<br />

45/ pmrsufESm (31) wGif ,leDAmpwDaumvdyfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUokdY ausmif;tkyfMuD;u ajr§mufolonf<br />

ygarmu©csnf; r[kwfbJ jzpfEkdifonf[k jrbl;aumfrwD\ axmufcHcsufudk oabmwlvifhupm; ausmif;tkyf<br />

tm; þokdY wifajr§mufcGifhay;jcif;udk oabmrwlyg/ pmrsufESm (31) xkdtykd'fxJwGif axmufcHxm;onfh<br />

twkdif; tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;q&m (2) a,muf½Sd&eftpm; þrSwfwrf;tykd'f (19) wGif wifjychJonfh<br />

twkdif; q&mwOD;wnf; ½SdoifhygaMumif;/<br />

46/ wuúokdvf0ifcGifh ta&;ESifhywfoufí [kdufpul;zkdife,fpmar;yGJukd (9) ESpf tcsdeftwGuf owfrSwfygvQif<br />

pmrsufESm (34) yxr axmufcHcsufudk oabmwlygonf/ okdYr[kwf [kdufpul;pmar;yGJESifh wuúokdvf<br />

0ifcGifhpmar;yGJ cGJíppf&ef tMuHay;ygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf (2) ck pvkH;ukdjzpfap? wckwefonfjzpf<br />

ap 0ifEkdifcGifh&½Sdí wuúokdvf0ifcGifh pmar;yGJatmifolwkdYom wuúokdvfpmar;yGJrsm;ukd ajzqdkcGifh&xkdufaMumif;?<br />

yx0DESifh &mZ0ifbmom paomar;cGef;rsm;wGif twlwlar;Ekdif&ef taMumif;½SdaMumif;/<br />

47/ jrbl;aumfrwDonf pmrsufESmeHygwf (35) wGif wuúokdvfwck jyKvkyfpDrHykHtwkdif; qkdvQif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh<br />

ausmif;q&mrsm; &if;&if;ESD;ESD; r½SdMu[k0efcH\/ okdY&mwGif q&mrsm;ukd az;wD;az;r þuJhodkY r&if;ESD;jcif;onf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm;awGU&ef tcsdefr½Sdí qkdjcif;udk uREkfyfwkdY oabmrwlay/ uREkfyfwdkY oabmt&um;<br />

q&mrsm; txl;ojzifh txufwef;q&mBuD;rsm;rSm tcsdefykd vkHavmufpGm &Muonf[k xif\/ ,k'oef<br />

aumvdyfwGif q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; txl;&if;ESD;Mu\/ ,leDAmpwDaumvdyfwGifum; xl;xl;jcm;jcm;<br />

txufwef;q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm tjrJwOD;ukdwOD; apmifvsuf½SdMu\/ þtcsufukd wuúokdvf<br />

onf owdcsyfrdapvkd\/ þwGif &efukefwuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;tm; tm;vkH;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ausmif;q&m<br />

rsm;onf toif;om;rsm;jzpf&rnf[k Oya'xm;í ausmif;om;rsm; tpki,fzGJUí ¤if;wkdYukd zdwfMum;awGUqkH<br />

ygvQif trSefokdY a&mufvdrfhrnf[k xifygaMumif;/ &efukefwuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;ukdvnf; vwfwavm<br />

aumvdyfESifh wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;udpöwkdYwGif wuúokdvfaumvdyfwkdYukd wifoGif;ajymzkdY cGifhjyKoifhay<br />

aMumif;? ¤if;tjyif <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;udk Oya'topfwGif pwufusLt&xm;vQif ab;jzpfp&m rjrifygaMumif;/<br />

48/ wuúokdvf wGJbufaumvdyfrsm;twGif; tvkkyfvkyfykHrsm;ESifh ywfoufí pkHprf;a&;aumfr½Sifwck zGJUpnf;&ef<br />

pmrsufESm (36) wGif azmfjyxm;aom qD;edwftzGJU\ awmif;yefcsufudk uREkfyfwdkYruefYuGuf? okdY&mwGif<br />

xkdaumfr½Sifukdapmihfpm;í tufOya'jyifqifa&;ukdum; raESmifhaES;apvdk/<br />

49/ þrSwfwrf; ed*kH;rcsKyfrD uREkfyfwkdY txl;wkdufwGef;vkdaomtcsufum; wuúokdvfonf jrefrmpmjzifh bmom&yf<br />

rsm;ukd oifMum;&eftwGuf pnf;rsOf;ususee csxm;oifhonf[k xifygaMumif;/ þae&mwGif wuúokdvf<br />

onf tpdk;&ESifh yl;aygif;í vkyfukdif&rnf jzpfaMumif;/ ,ckupí xkdta&;twGuf pcef;poifhNyD jzpfaMumif;/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

pwdwfpaumvm ynmawmfoifrsm;udk ¤if;wkdYjyefvmvQif cefYxm;&rnf[k &nf½G,fí vTwfoifhNyDjzpfaMumif;?<br />

rMumrDcsufcsif; bmomjyefMum;a&;tzGJUwckudk aiGtvkHtavmufjzifh cefYxm;í &mZ0if? abm*aA'? avmu<br />

"gwfusrf; trsKd;rsKd;wkdYudk jrefrmbmomwkdY jyefMum;tyfvSNyD jzpfaMumif;/<br />

(wkdif;jynf\ tñGefYtan§muf tem*wfjrefrmjynf? jrefrmwEkdifiHvkH; tBuD;qkH; uREkfyfwkdY\ ausmif;om;toif;ukd<br />

aiGtm;jzifh csD;jr§ifhawmfrlMuyg/)<br />

¤if;tpD&ifcHpmukd jrefrmjynftpkd;& ynma&;XmeokdY ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

toif;\ tvkyftrIaqmifu wifoGif;cJhavonf/ jrefrmjynftESHYtjym;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;xHokdYykdY&m<br />

tNrdKUNrdKU½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;u jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm? <strong>or*¾</strong>tpD&ifcHpmwkdYudk aqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf tpnf;ta0;BuD;rsm;<br />

usif;yum atmufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfcJhonf/<br />

(1) jrbl; tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;onfh axmufcHcsufwkdYrSm rsm;pGmrausreyfzG,f jzpf½kHomru tvGefw&m<br />

nhHzsif;vSojzifh þausmif;om;rsm;\ tpnf;ta0;MuD;u tjyif;txef uefYuGufaMumif;?<br />

(2) jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;u cefYtyfaom aumfrwDtm; jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmESifh<br />

ywfoufí pmwrf;½Snf a&;onfhtwGuf txl;yif aus;Zl;yum&wifygaMumif;? ¤if;tjyif tpD&ifcH<br />

pmwGifygonfh tcsufwkdYudk vkH;0OókH axmufcH½kHru ¤if;tpD&ifcHpmESifh ywfoufí vkyf&efudpöt00<br />

wkdYukd aqmif½Gufygrnf[k uwdjyKygaMumif;/<br />

(3) wuúokdvfOya'Murf; topf tvsiftjrefwifoGif;jzpfatmif tvsiftjrefta&;,lí atmufvTwf<br />

awmfESifh txufvTwfawmfwGif jyXmef;Muyg&ef Oya'jyKvTwfawmftrwfrsm;tm; awmif;yefygaMumif;/<br />

txufygqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk qkH;jzwf½kHru wuúokdvfOya'Murf;topf wifoGif;jzpfatmif Auotoif;rS<br />

trIaqmifu txl;BudK;yrf;aeMuonf/<br />

(Z-3) 1937-38 Auo\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;<br />

1/ rEÅav;uGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsuftwkdif; uGefz&ihfusif;yNyD; aemufaeYwGif rEÅav;NrdKU ae&mtESHYtjym;ü<br />

trsKd;om;wuúokdvf &efykHaiGtwGuf aumufcHcJhMuonf/ e,ftoD;oD;rS <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;uvnf; trsKd;om;<br />

wuúokdvftwGuf aiGaumufcHí &efukefNrdKUtrsKd;om;wuúodkvf tusKd;aqmifaiGxdef;xHokdY ay;ykdYcJhonf/<br />

tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if ukdA[def;onf trsKd;om;wuúokdvf oydwfarSmufacgif;aqmifudkEkESifhtwl txuf<br />

Armjynf tESHYtjym;wGif trsKd;om;wuúokdvftwGuf w&m;a[majymcJhonf/<br />

2/ awmifil? ppfawG? armfvNrdKif? ajrmif;jr tp½SdaomNrdKUwkdYrS tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsufrsm;ukd wkdifwef;<br />

csuft& aqmif½Gufay;chJonf/ a&eHacsmif;trsKd;om;ausmif;wGif oydwfarSmufrIjzpf&m udpöNyD;Nidrf;atmif<br />

aqmif½GufcJh\/ tcsKdUausmif;rsm;wGif oydwfarSmufrIrsm;jzpf&m w&uftwGif; NyD;pD;oGm;í tcsKdUrSm<br />

ausmif;tkyfcsKyfolcsif; roifhrwifhjzpfí vnf;aumif;? wkdYrD; ½IdUrD;wkdY\ ya,m*aMumifhaomfvnf;aumif;<br />

jzpfjcif;aMumifh <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;MuD;u 0ifí rpGufzufcJJhay/<br />

3/ uGefz&ifhqkH;jzwfcsuft& ausmif;ydwf&uf½Snfrsm;wGif aus;vufjyKjyifa&; aqmif½GufEkdif&ef pnf;rsOf;ukd<br />

tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if ukdausmfjrifhtm; vTJxm;NyD; ukdausmfjrifhMuD;rSL;onfhtzGJUokdY vTJtyfxm;onf/<br />

e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;wGif ppfawGNrdKUuvGJí taysmfwrf;wyf[lí rzGJUpnf;&ao;aMumif; awGU&onf/<br />

4/ uGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsuft& ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpnf;ta0;wkdif; tpnf;ta0;tpESifh tNyD;wGif trs Kd;om;<br />

oDcsif;ukd oDqkdMuonf/ ,cktcg wkdYArmoDcsif;\ aemufqkH;tykd'fukd trsKd;om;oDcsif;[k todrSwfjyKxm;<br />

onf/ trsKd;om;oDcsif;ukd pkHprf;&eftwGuf tzGJUi,fwckukd zGJUpnf;xm;NyD;NyD jzpfonf/<br />

5/ atmufygNrKdUrsm;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;ukd zGJYpnf;xm;onf/ &efukef? rEÅav;? jynf? awmifil? ykodrf? jrif;<br />

jcH? ppfawG? MuHcif;? rkH½Gm? aygif;wnf? a&eHacsmif;? aysmfbG,f? rif;vS? a½Tbkd? rvIdif? [omFw? usKdufvwf?<br />

oHvsif? zsmykHwkdY jzpfonf/ tcsKdU<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;rSm zGJUpnf;NyD;aomfvnf; &efukefA[kdtzGJUcsKyfMuD;ESifh<br />

rqufoG,f&ao;acs/<br />

6/ uGefz&ifhqkH;jzwfcsuft& rsKd;ñGefYr*¾Zif;udk pufwifbmvrS pwifí xkwfa0aMumif;? wm0efcHt,f'DwmrSm<br />

trIaqmiftzGJU0if ukdA[def;jzpfonf/ rsKd;ñGefYukd okH;vwMudrf xkwfa0&m ESpfMudrf½SdoGm;NyD jzpfonf/<br />

7/ ,cktcg A[kdtoif;csKyfonf acwå,m,Doabmjzifh &efukefwuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif wnf½Sdae&m tvkyftrI<br />

aqmiftzGJUonf ukd,fykdiftaqmuftOD wckudk &½Sd&ef MudK;pm;vsuf ½Sdonf/ e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;vnf;<br />

119

120<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

qkdif&m toif;½kH;rsm; &½Sd&ef MudK;yrf;aeMuonf/<br />

8/ ArmjynftESHYtjym;wGif a&ab;? avab; qkdufa&mufojzifh vl (1) odef;ausmf tkd;rJhtdrfrJhtxd 'ku©jzpfcJh&m<br />

¤if;wkdY u,fq,fa&;twGuf tNrdKUNrdKUt½Gm½GmrS ausmif;om;rsm;u aiG? ypönf;rsm; aumufcHchJonf/ Armjynf<br />

a&ab;? avab;u,fq,fa&;tzGJUu aumufcHaom u,fq,fa&;&HykHaiGwGif w0ufausmfausmfrSm ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; aumufcHay;aomaiG jzpfonf/<br />

9/ rEÅav;ausmif;om;uGefz&ifh qkH;jzwfcsuf trSwf (1) t& urÇmvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;toif;BuD;ESifh<br />

qufoG,fxm;onf/ þtoif;MuD;u MuD;rSL;í 1937 ck? Mo*kwfv (25) &ufaeYrS (28) &ufaeY txd<br />

jyifopfjynf? yg&DNrdKUawmfü usif;yaom urÇmvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifhokdY Armjynfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf "EkjzLOD;at;armiftm; wufa&mufapcJhonf/ Armjynf\ ukd,fpm;vS,f "EkjzLOD;at;<br />

armifrSm jAL½kdac: A[kdtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkYvnf; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&onf/ (tifwmae½Sife,f<br />

,kofuifhrf (ac:) urÇmvk H;qkdif&m vli,frsm;pka0;&m pcef;odkYvnf; "EkjzLOD;at;armif wufa&mufcJhonf/)<br />

10/ 1291 ck? awmfovif;vqkwf? (2) &ufaeYwGif &efukefaxmifMuD; twGif;ü jyif;xefcsKyfwnf;aom<br />

axmifOya'ukd uefYuGufí (166) &ufvkH; t[m&rrSD0JbJ rdrd\ twåabm tykyfaumifudk pGefYcGmcJhaom<br />

tmZmenf OD;0dpm&\ (8) Mudrfajrmuf txdrf;trSwfukd Auo toif;u BuD;rSL;í ArmjynftESHUtjym;wGif<br />

tpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;ycJh\/ OD;0dpm&aeYESifh ywfoufaom pmwrf;ukdvnf; tajrmuftjrm;½kdufum<br />

¤if;aeYwGif a0iSurf;vSrf;cJhonf/<br />

11/ Ekd0ifbmv (1) &ufaeYwGif jrefrmwEkdifiHvkH;wGif tpnf;a0;BuD;rsm; usif;yí atmufyg qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

csrSwfcJhonf/<br />

11(1)/ rEÅav;uGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsuf trSwf (5) jzpfaom e,fcsJUppfyGJrsm;wGif ryg0if? e,fcsJUpepfMuD;<br />

wnfwHh&m wnfwHhaMumif; jzpfaom yGJvrf;obifrsm;wGifvnf; yg0ifjcif; rjyK&ef[laom qkH;jzwfcsufudk<br />

xyfrH twnfjyKaMumif;?<br />

11(2)/ ,cktcg e,fcsJUpepfESifh e,fcsJUpepftvm;wl zufqpfpepfwkdYaMumifh ab;'ku©MuD; qkdufa&muf<br />

aeMuaom w½kwfjynfoljynfom;? pydefjynfoljynfom;wkdYtwGuf Armjynfausmif;om;rsm;u txl;<br />

0rf;enf;aMuuGJvsuf ¤if;wkdYESifhwuG ausmif;om;wkdYonf tjrefqkH; ppfEkdifMuygap[k qkawmif;arwÅm<br />

ykdYaMumif;?<br />

11(3)/ qif;&Jjcif;? tvkyfvufrJhrsm;jcif;? ppfjzpfjcif; ponfwkdYudk jzpfyGm;aponfh e,fcsJ UpepftwGif;okdY vGefcJhaom<br />

(52) ESpfu Armjynf usa&mufjcif;aMumifh? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf? (8) &ufaeYukd e,fcsJUpepf uefYuGuf&maeY<br />

[ktodrSwfjyKum xkdaeUwGif e,fcsJUpepfukd uefYuGufonfhtaejzifh OykofoDwif;apmifh okH;&ef qkH;jzwfaMumif;?<br />

¤if;aeYwGif ppfukd igwkdY tvkdr½Sd[laom pmwrf;ukd a0iScJhonf/ wefaqmifrkef; vqkwf (8) &ufaeYwGif<br />

e,fcsJUpepf uefYuGufaomaeUudk Armjynft&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;rsm; txdrf;trSwftm;jzifh tpmiwfcHMu&ef<br />

qifhxkwfcJhonfhtwkdif; tNrdKUNrdKU½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;u vkdufemcJhonf/ &efukefNrdK UwGif wuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

trIaqmifrsm;? Auotoif;trIaqmifESifh tjcm;ausmif;om;wkdUonf ygawmfrlusif;y&modkY oGm;a&mufMuNyD;<br />

Ouú| ukdatmifqef;u e,fcsJUpepfuef UuGufaomaeY (ygawmfrlaeYr[kwf)<br />

ukd tb,faMumifh usif;y&onfukd<br />

½Sif;vif; ajymqkdcJhonf/ xkdaeYwGif ]bmvJe,fcsJY0g'} ac: pmwrf;udk a0iSMuonf/<br />

12/ trsKd;om;aeYü tpOftvmt& usif;ycJhonf/ tjcm;tpnf;t½kH;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef qifhpmxkwf<br />

cJhonfhtwkdif; tNrdKUNrdKU½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;u vkdufemcJhonf/ xkdaeYwGif ]igwkdhtrsKd;om;0g'} ac: pmwrf;udk<br />

½kdufESdyf xkwfa0cJhonf/<br />

13/ Auotoif;rS ½kdufESdyfxkwfa0cJhaom pmwrf;rsm;rSm-<br />

(u) Auotoif;\ pnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

(c) rEÅav;uGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

(*) taqGjyefwrf;trSwf<br />

(C) ausmif;om;rsm; Ekd;Mum;avmh (t*Fvdyfausmif;rsm;twGuf t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ½kdufESdyfonf)<br />

(i) wuúokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&; tpD&ifcHpm<br />

(p) 0wå&m;trGef (OD;0dpm&aeYtwGuf)<br />

(q) e,fcsJUpepfukd igwkdYtvkdr½Sd (Ekd0ifbm? 11 &uftwGuf)

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z) e,fcsJJUpepfudk wkdufckdufMuukefthH ( wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf? 8 &uftwGuf)<br />

(ps) igwdkY trsKd;om;0g' (trsKd;om;aeYtwGuf)<br />

14/ 1297 ckESpf? waygif;vqef;? (5) &ufaeYwGif 'kwd,oydwfMuD;NyD;aemuf AuotzGJUESifh trsKd;om;wuúokdvf<br />

ay:vmcJhonfhtwGuf xkdaeYukd txdrf;trSwfaeYtjzpf usif;ycJhonf/<br />

(ps) wwd,tBudrf AuouGefz&ifh usif;y&efjyifqifMujcif;<br />

jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ wwd,uGefz&ifh (Auo) ykodrfNrdKUü usif;y&ef pDpOfxm;onf/<br />

Ouú| ukdatmifqef;onf ykodrfNrdKUokdY oGm;a&muf pDpOfcJhonf/ atmufyg {nfhcHaumfrwDrsm;ukd zGJUpnf;xm;avonf/<br />

tpnf;ta0;twGuf wm0efcHtrIaqmifrsm;<br />

ukdatmifausmf em,u<br />

ukdatmifBudKif aiGxdef;<br />

ukdvSarmif tusKd;aqmifpmcsD<br />

ukdcifndK taxGaxGtusKd;aqmifpmcsD<br />

taxGaxGXme<br />

ukdatmifausmf ukdatmifMudKif ukd[efa½T<br />

ukdarmifwif ukdjrpdef rcifñGefY<br />

ukdvSarmif ukdcifndK<br />

aMujimXme<br />

ukdMuD;armif ukdbodef; ukdcsKdvSatmif<br />

{nfUcHa&;Xme tauR;tarG;Xme<br />

ukdausmfodef; ukdoef;armif<br />

ukdarmifoGif ukdarmifarmif<br />

ukdat;armif ukdxifausmf<br />

ukdxGef;xGef; ukdausmf0if;<br />

ukdjrifhpkd;<br />

rdef;uav;rsm; {nfcHXme<br />

rcifñGefY rvSjrifh rjrMunf<br />

rcifoef; rwifwif roef;pdef<br />

rcifapmEk rñGefYñGefYoef; roef;oef;<br />

rwif{ rMunfMunf rcif&D<br />

usef;rma&;Xme<br />

q&m0efOD;bcsdK q&m0ef OD;0ef q&m0ef em,m;<br />

uGefz&ifhusif;yjcif;onf Armjynf te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS ausmif;om;rsm; wOD;ESihf wOD; &if;ESD;apjcif;? awG<br />

UqkH<br />

&müvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;? qif;&Jom;rsm;ta&;? wkdif;jynfta&;? urÇmMuD;\ta&; ponfhjyóemrsm;ukd<br />

bGif;bGif;BuD; aqG;aEG;&jcif;? NyD;cJhonf vkyfief;rsm;udk okH;oyfqifjcifNyD; oumv a½SUtzkdY rnfonfhtvkkyfrsm;<br />

vkyfaqmifrnf[k t"d|mefcsjcif;? vkyfief;tpDtpOf useaocsmjcif; ponfwkdYonf Auotoif;BuD;\ vkyfief;rsm;<br />

jzpfonf/ uGefz&ifhatmifjrifrIrSm e,ftoD;oD;? NrdKUtoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;rsm;\ ukd,fpm;vS,f rsufESmpkHnDwufa&muf<br />

121

122<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jcif; tay:üwnf&m ,ckusif;yrnfh ykodrfuGefz&ifhokdY NrdKUwkdif;? e,fwkdif;rS ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&muf<br />

apoifh\/ jrefrmjynf NrdKUe,ftoD;oD;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; wnfaxmifa&;? jrefrmEkdifiHt0Srf;½Sd ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm;vkH; waygif;wpnf;wnf; jzpfEkdif&ef usif;yrnfh ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif ausmif;om;pkHnDpGm wufa&mufap&ef<br />

vIYHaqmfay;jcif; ponfwkdYtwGuf AuotvkyftrIaqmifrsm;ukd vlpkcGJí jrefrmjynftESYH apvTwfxm;onf/ NrdKUe,f<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> rwnfaxmif&ao;aom NrdKUe,frsm;wGif tjrefraES; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm; wnfaxmifcg ykodrfuGefz&ifh<br />

wufa&muf&ef udpöudk zdwfMum;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; uGefz&ifhwGif bmawGajymrnf? bmawGvkyfrnf?<br />

bmukdawmif;rnf ponfwkdYudk wifMudKpDrH xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ykodrfuGefz&ifhESifh yl;wGJí aEG&moDpcef;rsm;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiH<br />

vkH;qkdif&m tar;yGJrsm;ukd usif;yvdrfhrnf/<br />

aEG&moDpcef;rsm; usif;y&jcif;rSm<br />

1/ Armjynf½Sd t&yf&yfausmif;om;rsm;onf wa,mufESifhwa,muf ykdrkd&if;ESD;í wkd;wufaumif;rGefpGm<br />

qufqH&ef?<br />

2/ jrefrmjynf½Sd te,fe,fwkdY\ xl;axGaom taMumif;rsm;ukd ykdrkdod½Sdem;vnfEkdif&ef?<br />

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;\EkdifiHa&; rsufpdtjrifus,fap&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh awm½Gmae aoG;&if;om;&if;rsm;jzpfaom trsKd;om;wkdY ykdrkd&if;ESD;ap&ef?<br />

5/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf qif;&Jom;ypönf;rJhrsm;ESifh waoG;wpdwfwnf;½SdaMumif;? ¤if;wkdYESifh yl;aygif;í<br />

vGwfvyfa&;twGuf wkdufckdufrnfjzpfaMumif;udk jyo&ef?<br />

-ponfh&nf½G,fcsufrsm; yg½Sdonf/ aEG&moDpcef; atmifjrifap&eftwGuf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if ukdA[def;<br />

tm; wm0efvTJtyfxm;avonf/<br />

(n) Auo wwd,uGefz&ifhokdY zdwfMum;olrsm;pm&if;<br />

1/ ukdazoef; pvif;NrdKU<br />

2/ ukdaiGvkH a&eHacsmif;NrdKU<br />

3/ ukdbapm [oFmwNrdKU<br />

4/ ukdñGefYodef; rif;bl;NrdKU<br />

5/ udkarmifarmif taemufMudKUukef;? tif;pdef<br />

6/ ukduvufoef; rif;bl;<br />

7/ ukdvIdifOD; [oFmwNrdKU<br />

8/ ukdvSarmif [oFmwNrdKU<br />

9/ ukdom0if &efukefNrdKU? tif;vsm;vrf;<br />

10/ ukdcifndK rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

11/ ukdxGef;vIdif rif;vSNrdKU<br />

12/ ukdausmf0if; rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

13/ ukdwifatmif Akdvfuav;NrdKU<br />

14/ ukdvSaz Akdvfuav;NrdKU<br />

15/ ukdaomif;pdef &efukefNrdKU<br />

16/ ukdvSat; Akdvfuav;NrdKU<br />

17/ ukdat;az ompnfNrdKU<br />

18/ ukdjrEkdif vufyHwef;NrdKU<br />

19/ ukdcifjrifh yef;waemfNrdKU<br />

20/ ukdjrarmif rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

21/ ukdbkef;a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

24/ ukdusifarmif oxkHNrdKU<br />

25/ ukdwif½Sdef ysOf;rem;NrdKU<br />

26/ ukdtkef;armif aygif;wnfNrdKU<br />

27/ ukdvSjrifh armfvNrdKifNrdKU<br />

28/ ukdwifhaqG rkH½GmNrdKU<br />

29/ ukdusifarmif rdwDÅvmNrdKU<br />

30/ ukdarmifarmifav; (1) jynfNrdKU<br />

31/ ukdomxGef;pdef ppfawGNrdKU<br />

32/ ukdazoef; pvnf;? rif;bl;NrdKU<br />

33/ ukdarmifyg oxkHNrdKU<br />

34/ ukdodef;xGef; oxkHNrdKU<br />

35/ ukdbokduf ppfukdif;NrdKU<br />

36/ ukdarmifaxG; yckuúLNrdKU<br />

37/ ukdarmifukd yckuúLNrdKU<br />

38/ ukd{ukd om,m0wDNrdKU<br />

39/ ukdarmifarmif (1) jrif;jcHNrdKU<br />

40/ ukdatmifMudKif ykodrfNrdKU<br />

41/ ukdpHa½T ppfawGNrdKU<br />

42/ ukdcspfukdvS a&ausmf? &efukefNrdKU<br />

43/ ukdwifOD; rauG;NrdKU<br />

44/ ukdxkdufpH vufyHwef;NrdKU<br />

45/ ukdarmifarmif yckuúLNrdKU<br />

46/ ukdarmifapmjrtkH; oxkH'DpBwdwf<br />

47/ ukdvSaomif; 0g;c,frNrdKU<br />

48/ Swans Business College &efukefNrdKU<br />

49/ A.T Mc Oreath yef;qkd;wef;<br />

50/ E.G Ruller BSQ &efukefNrdKU<br />

51/ jrefrmhtvif; &efukefNrdKU<br />

52/ The Efficiency Press &efukefNrdKU<br />

53/ ol&d, (Sun Press Ltd.,) &efukefNrdKU<br />

54/ e*g;eD Ltd.,<br />

55/ jrefrmjynf pmtkyfjzefYcsda&;Xme &efukefNrdKU<br />

56/ ukdvSarmif ykodrfNrdKU<br />

57/ ukdjrpdef ykodrfNrdKU<br />

58/ ukdpdefaomif; ykodrfNrdKU<br />

59/ ukdwifat; ykodrfNrdKU<br />

60/ ukdodef;armif MudKUyifaumuf<br />

61/ udktpk ppfawGNrdKU<br />

62/ ukdzkd;tkef; aygif;wnfNrdKU<br />

63/ ukdoef;armif ykodrfNrdKU<br />

64/ ukd[efwif pvif;NrdKU<br />

65/ ukdatmifMuD; &efukefNrdKU<br />

66/ ukdat;Munf BuKdUyifaumufNrdKU<br />

67/ ukdbcspf Munfhjrifwkdif<br />

68/ ukdausmf0if;<br />

123

124<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

69/ Mr. tDA&m[if xm;0,fNrdKU<br />

70/ ukdtifvkdif; aygif;wnfNrdKU<br />

71/ ukdatmifBuD; aygif;wnfNrdKU<br />

72/ ukdxGef;wif &efukefNrdKU (wkd;wufa&;owif;pm t,f'Dwm)<br />

73/ q&mqkd; iokdif;acsmif;NrdKU<br />

74/ ukdoef;½Sdef ZD;ukef;NrdKU<br />

75/ ukdaua,mfpdef a&eHacsmif;NrdKU<br />

76/ ukdxGef;armif tif;pdef<br />

77/ ukdpHwif zsmykHNrdKU<br />

78/ ukdazwif bkduav;NrdKU<br />

79/ ukdatmifwif rvIdifNrdKU<br />

80/ ukdb MudKUyifaumufNrdKU<br />

81/ ukdwifa½T rkH½GmNrdKU<br />

82/ ukdarmif0g a&eHacsmif;NrdKU<br />

83/ ukdukdMuD; rEÅav;NrdKU (pDeD,m ISC ref;Oypmaumvdyf)<br />

84/ ukdwkd;,SOf rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

85/ ukdaomif;pdef MudKUyifaumufNrdKU<br />

86/ ukdbaumif; ausmufjzLNrdKU<br />

87/ ukdEkdifarmif yif;,aqmif? &efukefNrdKU<br />

88/ ukdjroef; zsmykHNrdKU<br />

89/ ukdbarmif a&eHacsmif;NrdKU<br />

90/ ukdapm tvkH<br />

91/ ukdukdMuD; rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

92/ ukdarmifnGefY a&eHacsmif;NrdKU<br />

93/ ukdarmifarmif &efukefNrdKU<br />

94/ ocifwifjrifh a&eHacsmif;NrdKU<br />

95/ ukdcspfjzL a½TbkdNrdKU<br />

96/ ukdba*;vf ausmif;ukef;NrdKU<br />

97/ ukdtkef;jrifh &efukefNrdKU<br />

98/ ukdarmifarmifpdef rkH½GmNrdKU<br />

99/ ukdarmifpdef jynfNrdKU<br />

100/ ukdvSMudKif Aef;armfNrdKU<br />

101/ ukdatmifaz [omFwNrdKU<br />

102/ ukdarmifarmifvGif armfvNrdKifNrdKU<br />

103/ ukdbabmf aysmfbG,fNrdKU<br />

104/ ukdEkdifarmif usKHrai;NrdKU<br />

(#) wwd,tBudrf AuonDvmcHusif;yjcif; jrifuGif; ({NyD 24-25? 1938)<br />

tpnf;ta0;pwifjyKvkyfonfh {NyDv (24) &uf? reuf (8) em&DwGif ausmif;0if;twGif;ü jrefrmpmoif<br />

ausmif;q&mrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;BuD;uJhokdY yifeDtusÐ0wfqifxm;aom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ukd awGU&onf/<br />

(9) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0; paomtcg trsKd;om;ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDrS vlBuD;rsm;ESifh NrdKUay:rS {nfhonfrsm;rS<br />

wyg; a,mufsm;? rdef;r? vlMuD;vli,ftm;vkH; yifeDtusÐ0wfqifxm;Muonf/ vma&mufowif;,laom pkHaxmufzufrS<br />

(2-3) OD;vnf; yifeDtusÐ0wfqifxm;Muonf/<br />

ausmif;BuD;qif0ifatmufrS pnfawmfBuD;wD;aom (9) em&D? (15) rdepfwGif {nfhcHaumfrwDOuú| ukdvSarmif

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

onf a½SUaqmif q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;? Ouú| ukdatmifqef;? toif;tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;? pma&;rsm; pifjrifh<br />

ay:okdY wufa&mufvmMuonf/ aygif;wnfNrdKUrS ukdzkd;tkef;u xkdifNyD; tm;vkH;rwfwyf&yfí wkdYArmoDcsif;udk pdwftm;<br />

xufoefpGm oDqkdMuonf/ ausmif;BuD;wckvHk; [def;oGm;onfhtjyif MuufoD;arG;nif;xrcef; jzpfoGm;Muonf/<br />

oDcsif;qkdNyD;aemuf ukdvSarmifu ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; EIwfqufí yg0ifulnDoltm;vkH;tm; aus;Zl;wif<br />

pum; ajymMum;NyD;vQif tvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwDu toif; (Auo) \ Ouú|tjzpf xyfrHa½G;aumufNyD;jzpfaom ukdatmif<br />

qef;tm; em,utjzpf aqmif½Guf&ef ajymMum;&m ukdatmifqef;onf em,uae&m ,lNyD;vQif q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;<br />

tm; tpnf;ta0; zGifhvSpfay;&ef awmif;yefavonf/ q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif; tzGifhtrSmpum; ajymMum;avonf/<br />

xkdYaemuf em,u ukdatmifqef;u (25) rsufESm½Sd rdefYcGef;ukd zwfMum;NyD; ta&;BuD;aom tcsuftvuf<br />

rsm;ukd xkwfEkwf½Sif;jy&m ausmif;BuD; [def;oGm;atmifyif Mobmay;Muonf/ xkdYaemuf em,utoif;BuD;\ tvkyf<br />

trIaqmifvlBuD; wOD;jzpfol &efukefNrdKUr ausmif;om;a[mif; ukdoef;wif uG,fvGefojzifh 0rf;enf;tqkd wifoGif;&m<br />

y&dowftm;vkH; (2) rdepf rwfwyf&yfí 0rf;enf;aMumif; jyoMuonf/ xkdaemuf tpnf;ta0;ukd acwå &yfem;onf/<br />

aeYvnfykdif; tpnf;ta0; jyefvnfpwifaomtcg toif;csKyf 'k-Ouú | ukdvSa½Tu toif;ESpfywfvnf tpD&ifcHpm<br />

udk zwfMum;onf/ xkdtpD&ifcHpm zwfMum;NyD;aemuf ukdjrpdefu tdE´d, acgif;aqmifMuD; *s0g[mvmae½l;? tdE´d,EkdifiH<br />

vkH;qkdif&m uGefu&uftoif;BuD;wGif bkHt,l0g' BudKufaomtzGJUESifh jyifopfjynf? yg&DNrdKU½Sd urÇmvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;<br />

rsm;toif;csKyf tpnf;ta0;MuD; atmifjrifygap[laom qkawmif;aom pm (3) apmif zwfjyNyD;vQif em,u ukdatmifqef;<br />

u jrefrmjynf ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS ay;ykdYaompmrsm; rsm;jym;vGef;vSí rzwfEkdifaMumif; ajymqkdNyD;vQif? &efukefwuúokdvf<br />

tufOya'Murf;ukd ,cktxd tpkd;&wkdYu bmrQrvkyfao;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; vkdvm;aom awmif;qkdcsuft&<br />

pDrHaqmif½Guf ray;vQif xkdtcsufrsm; r&rae tjyif;txef aqmif½Guf&ef tqkdukd ukdausmfjrifh (bDat) u wifoGif;NyD;?<br />

ukdxGef;wifu axmufcHonf/<br />

xkdYaemuf ajrmif;jrNrdKUrS wuúokdvfausmif;om; ukdjr½Sdefu tpkd;&u vkyfray;vQif b,fvdkaqmif½Gufrnfukd<br />

twdtvif; xkwfazmfajym&rnf/ a½S;u oydwfarSmufcJh&m bmrS tusKd;r½Sdjzpfonf[k ajymqkd&m ref;Oypmaumvdyf<br />

ausmif;om; ukdwkd;&ifu rdrdtMuHtpnfrsm; xkwfazmf rajymqkdoifh[k ajymqkdonf/ aemufqkH; em,u ukdatmifqef;<br />

u rdrdwdkY oydwfarSmufwkdif; vkH;0 ratmifjrifaomfvnf; rdrdwdkY vkdvm;csuf trsm;tm;jzifh&aMumif;? 1936 oydwfwGif<br />

yxr atmifjrifvmaomfvnf;? rdrdwkdYtm;rSm wjznf;jznf; qkwf,kwfvmojzifh tm;jznfhwif;&ef tdajE´&& ppfukd<br />

qkwfcJhaMumif;? ,ckrdrdwdkY cGeftm;½SdvmNyD jzpfaMumif;? ,cka½SUESpfwGif rdrdOuú|tjzpf aqmif½Guf&rnf/ þokdY aqmif½Guf<br />

&mwGif ]atmifqef;aomfvnf;aumif; jyKwf&rnf? tvkyfukdaomfvnf;aumif; atmif&rnf} [k pm;yGJukd vufoD;ESifh<br />

xkNyD; atmf[pfajymqkdvkduf&m ausmif;BuD;wckvkH;? MobmoH? vufckyfoHrsm; qlnHoGm;onf/ eHygwf (3) tqkdukd ukdatmif<br />

qef;u wifoGif;&rnf jzpfojzifh 'k -Ouú| ukdvSa½Tu em,utjzpf aqmif½Gufonf/ ukdatmifqef;u Oya' jyifqifcsufrsm;<br />

wckNyD; wck tus,fw0ifh ½Sif;vif;NyD; tqkdwifoGif;&m? ukdxGef;wifu axmufcHNyD; em,uu þtqkdukd oabmwlMu<br />

ygovm;[k ar;jref;&m ausmif;om;rsm;u oabmwlygonf[k atmf[pfajymqkdojzifh em,uu xkdtqkdukd twnf jyKygNyD[k<br />

ajymaepOf ajrmif;jrNrdKUrS wuúokdvfausmif;om; ukd jr½Sdefu xvmNyD; uef YuGufvkdonf [k ajymonf/ xkdtcg em,uu<br />

twnfjyKNyD;aMumif;? ruef YuGufEkdifawmh[k ajym&m ukdjr½Sdefonf a'goESifh pifjrifhay:rS qif;í tcef;jyifokdY xGufoGm;aMumif;?<br />

odkYaomf ocifjrbl;u ac:,lxm;avonf/ xkdtcg ukdatmifqef;u tqkdukd uef YuGuf&ef ½Sd? r½Sd ar;jref;&ef vkdoGm;aMumif;<br />

aMunmNyD;ojzifh pnf;urf;t& aemufxyf ajymqkdEkdifcGifh rjyKaMumif; ajymqkdí tqkdukd twnfjyKavonf/<br />

eHygwf (4) tqkdudk wuúokdvfausmif;om; ukdA[def;u a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm; cHpm;aeMu&aom 'ku©rsm;<br />

Mum;&olrsm; rsuf&nfusavmufatmifyif tus,fw0ifhajymqkdNyD; tqkdwifoGif;&m aygif;wnf ukdzkd;tkef;u axmufcH<br />

onf/ xkdtqkdukd uefYuGuf&ef jyifqif&ef ½Sd? r½Sd ar;jref;&m jyifqifvkdol½Sdojzifh tcsdefrSm nae (4) em&D xkd;aeNyD<br />

jzpfí (25) &ufaeYrSom qufvuf pOf;pm;&ef ajymqkdNyD; tpnf;ta0; tpDtpOf yxraeY &yfqkdif;vkdufonf/<br />

'kwd,aeY 25? 4? 1938 eHeuf (9) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0; qufvufjyKvkyfMu&m eHygwf (4) tqkdudk<br />

wcgwnf; twnfjyKvkyfMuonff/<br />

eHygwf (5) tqkdukd BudKUyifaumuf ukdoef;pdefu wifoGif;í? ZD;ukef; ukdxGef;½Sdefu axmufcHonf/ ¤if;tqkd<br />

rSm ausmif;om;pmtkyf a½G;cs,fa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,f yg½Sdap&efjzpfonf/ tcs KdUu jyifqifcsuf wifoGif;<br />

aomfvnf; jyifqifcsufrSm (24) rJ? (38) rJjzifh ½IH;oGm;onf/ xkdaemuf NrdKUrausmif; ukdarmifarmifu ausmif;okH;pmtkyf<br />

a½G;cs,fa&;tzGJUwGif toif;csKyf\ trIaqmiftzGJUrS ukd,fpm;vS,f yg0ifap&ef[laom pum;udk tqkdwGif jznfhpGufvsuf<br />

xkdtqkdukd twnfjyKMuavonf/<br />

125

126<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

eHygwf (6) tqkdukd a'gifhMuD; ukdazoifu wifoGif;í ? rvIdifudkatmifwifu<br />

axmufcHonf/ wuúokdvfausmif;om;<br />

ukdbav;u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif (tcvGwf) rlvwef; ynmroifrae&[k jznfhpGufjyifqifvsuf twnfjyKonf/<br />

eHygwf (7) tqkdukd rkH½Gm ukdwifaqGu wifoGif;&m Oyrm Oyar,sjzifh wefqmqifvsuf rSwfom;zG,f&m<br />

pum;rsm;jzifh ajymqkdaomfvnf; rdrdrauseyfaom tcsuftwGuf a'gopum;av;rsm;ygojzifh em,u ukdatmifqef;<br />

u cPcP owday;&onf/ xdktqkdukd a&eHacsmif; ukdausmfpdefuvnf; pum;ajymaumif;aumif;ESifh axmufcHcJhonf/<br />

tqkd½Sifu ¤if;tqkdudk raxmufcHvQif trsKd;ESifhpmukd rcspf&musrnf[k ajymoGm;ojzifh rvIdif ukdatmifwifu uefY<br />

uGufaMumif; trsm;yif 0ifa&mufajymqkdNyD;aemuf rJ,laomtcg (4) rJ? (7) rJESifh y,fvkdufonf/<br />

eHygwf (8) tqkdukd &ckdifjynfu ukdbMudKifu wifoGif;í udkpH&ifu axmufcH&m jyifqifjznfhpGuf&ef t<br />

rsm;yif 0ifa&mufajymqkdMuaomfvnf; tqkH;ü rlvtqkdtwkdif; twnfjyKonf/<br />

eHygwf (9) tqkdukd a&eHacsmif; ukdñGefYu tqkdwifoGif;í? a&eHacsmif; ukdausmfpdefu axmufcHavonf/<br />

ukdñGefYrSm vlyifi,faomfvnf; tajymtqkd vGwfvyfyDojcif;? pum;tokH;tEIef; ,Ofaus;jcif;? a&eHacsmif;tpkd;&<br />

ausmif;q&mMuD; OD;[kwfvIdif ajymqkdvkyfukdifcsufwkdYrSm anmifOD;u urf;NydKum prÜmem*kdu EGm;aysmufwmeJY bmqkdifvkdYvJ<br />

qkdaom pum;ykHrsm; xnfhoGif;NyD; ajymqkdoGm;onfrSm csD;rGrf;zG,faumif;onf/ xkdYaemuf ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,f<br />

wOD;u a&eHacsmif;tpkd;& ausmif;q&mMuD; OD;[kwfvdIifonf xkdausmif;? ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

ajymqkdvkyfukdifjyKrlcsufrSm tvGefpufqkwfzG,f jzpfojzifh tm;vkH;y&dwfowfrsm; rwfwwf&yfí ½SufzG,f (3) Budrf<br />

atmfNyD; xkdtqkdukd twnfjyK&ef awmif;yefonfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfNyD; reufykdif; tpDtpOf &yfem;avonf/<br />

aeYvnf (1) em&D qufvufusif;y&m eHygwf (10) tqkdonf 'kwd, ta&;BuD;qkH; tqkd ]ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

EkdifiHa&; 0ifvkyfcGifU} jzpfonfhtwkdif; &efukefwuúokdvf ukdA[def;ESifh rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyf ukdwkd;&ifwkdYu tus,fw0Hh<br />

ajymqkdNyD; wifoGif;axmufcHaMumif; ajymNyD;aomtcg? ajrmif;jr ukdjr½Sdefu ausmif;om;rsm; EkdifiHa&;wGif 0ifa&muf vkyfukdif<br />

cGifh rjyKxkdufqkdNyD; xkdtqkdukd uefYuGufaMumif;ajym&m em,u ukdatmifqef;u xkdtqkdukd oabmwlolrsm;u ]tkdif;}<br />

[k ajymMu&ef ajymqkdojzifh y&dowftm;vkH;avmufyif tkdif;[k atmfí ukdatmifqef;u oabmrwlolrsm; ]Ekd;} [k ajym<br />

Mu&ef ajymaomtcg (2) a,mufom atmfonf/ xkdtcg em,uu tqkdukd twnfjyKaMumif; aMujimvkdufonfESifh<br />

wNydKifeuf tm;vkH;atmf[pfNyD; Mobmay;vsuf uef UuGufoltm; rsKd;zsuf[k atmfMuaMumif;/ ukdatmifqef;u þuJhokdY<br />

epfematmif rajymqkdxkdufaMumif; ajymqkdNyD;vsif toif;Ouú|a[mif; ukd&m½Spfu t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh tvGefrSwfom;<br />

em,lzG,faumif;aom qkH;rpum;rsm;ESifh jrpfBuD;em;wGif rdrdukd,fawGU tpkd;&u tvGefMuyfwnf;aom Oya'rsm;jzifh<br />

tmPm½SifozG,f tkyfcsKyfykHukd (1) em&DcefY ajymqkdoGm;onf/<br />

NyD;aomtcg em,u ukdatmifqef;\ awmif;yefcsuft& q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;u tav;ryGJwGif<br />

tEkdif&olrsm;ukd qkcsD;jr§ifhonf/ 1939 ck pwkw¬tBudrf Auo tpnf;ta0;udk armfvNrdKifNrdKU ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

Ouú| ukdarmifarmifvGifu armfvNrdKifNrdKUwGif jyKvkyf&ef zdwfac:onfhtwkdif; Ouú| ukdatmifqef;u 0rf;ajrmuf<br />

aus;Zl;wifpGm vufcHNyD;vsif em,u\ tqkH;owf rdefYcGef;ukd jrGufMum;vsuf? tpnf;a0;BuD;ukd wkdYArmoDcsif;qkdNyD;<br />

½kwfodrf;vkdufonf/<br />

25? 4? 1938 ae nwGif ausmif;om; (70) cefYonf [kdif;MuD;oabFmwGif qif;ítdyfNyD; 26? 4? 1938<br />

eHeuf (6) em&DcGJwGif aEG&moDpcef; armfwifpGef;okdY xGufoGm;Muonf/<br />

(X) 1938-39 AuoESifh wuo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

All Burma Student's Union (Auo)<br />

1/ ukdatmifqef; Ouú|<br />

2/ ukdA[def; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

3/ ukdpkd;armif aiGxdef;<br />

4/ ukdvSa½T trIaqmif<br />

5/ ukdMunfarmif trIaqmif<br />

6/ ukdbpH trIaqmif<br />

7/ ukdausmfjrifh trIaqmif<br />

8/ ukdjrpdef trIaqmif

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

9/ ukdcspfat; trIaqmif<br />

10/ ukdarmifarmif trIaqmif<br />

( All Nationalist Members of the House of Representative <strong>and</strong> of the Senate 12, September 1938)<br />

wuo (Rangoon University Students' Union)<br />

1/ ukdatmifqef; Ouú|<br />

2/ ukdvSa½T 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ ukdA[def; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ ukdodef;atmif aiGxdef;<br />

5/ ukdapmpHau; t,f'Dwm (tkd;a0)<br />

6/ ukdatmifwkd; (Business Manager)<br />

7/ ukdboef; pmMunfhwkdufrSL;<br />

8/ ukdxGef;½Sdef (Executive Committee member)<br />

9/ ukdat;ausmf (Executive Committee member)<br />

10/ ukdMunfarmif (Executive Committee member)<br />

11/ ukdaomif;cif (Executive Committee member)<br />

(All National members of the House of Representative <strong>and</strong> of the sentate)<br />

(!) ykodrfuGefz&ifhrS aEG&moDpcef;<br />

1938 ck? ykodrfNrdKUwGif usif;yaom wwd,tBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifhonf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh<br />

wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;wkdY ajymifajymifwif;wif; wGJrdMuNyDjzpfonf/ wESpfxuf wESpf tm;aumif;vmNyD; ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif<br />

NrdKUe,frsm; ykdpkHvmonf/ ukd,fpm;vS,f OD;a&vnf; ykdrsm;vmonf/ uGefz&ifhtNyD; ykodrfNrdKUrS armfawmf,mOfjzifh<br />

armfwifpGef;ü aEG&moDpcef; zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ aEG&moDpcef;onf uGefz&ifhtNyD;ü yifyef;orQ tem;,ltyef;ajz&ef<br />

twGuf[k wcsKdUuxifMuonf/ trSefrSm uGefz&ifhqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh a½SUvkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;NyD;<br />

e,fausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; wm0efcGJ&ef jzpfonf/ aEG&moDpcef;zGifhvSpfjcif;twGuf {nfhcHaumfrwDOuú| ukdjrpdef<br />

(Auo twGif;a&;rSL;) ESifh ukdodef;aqG (aemifAdkvfodef;aqG) tygt0if 0kdif;awmfom;rsm; BudKwifjyifqifNyD; wufnD<br />

vufnD tuGufaph? axmifhaph vufawGUvkyfukdifMuí uGefz&ifhaEG&moDpcef;rSm atmifjrifcJh&avonf/<br />

xkduGefz&ifh\ xl;jcm;csufrSm q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;ukd ukdatmifqef;? ukdA[def;ESifh ocifoef;xGef;wkdY<br />

zdwfMum;awmif;yefí q&muvnf; wufcsif? [kdEkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifqkdwJh acG;rom;awG[m wkdif;jynftwGuf rvkyfbJ<br />

ukd,fom;r,m; twGufyJ vkyfaeMuwm ausmif;om;awGeJYrS jzpfrSmyJvkdY q&mMuD;u rzdwfbJESifhukd xkduGefz&ifhukd<br />

wufa&mufcsif aeonf/ ocifoef;xGef; ygvmcJhonf/<br />

armfwifpGef;? {NyD (27) &uf? reufykdif;wGif rlvtpDtpOftwkdif; yifv,furf;pyfwGif ausmif;om;tm;vkH;<br />

pk½kH;NyD; ukdaZmf0dwf? ukdarmifarmifvGif vkyfjyonfhtwkdif; avusifhcef; vkyfMuonf/ 'Dvkdavhusifhcef;vkyfjyjcif;onf<br />

¤if;wkdUNrdKUe,ftoD;oD; jyefa&mufaomtcg wqifhjyefvnf oifMum;ykdYcs acgif;aqmifEkdiff&efjzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&;<br />

wkdufyGJ0ifaomtcg ukd,fum,tm;jzifha&m pdwf"gwftm;jzifhyg pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrI toifhjzpfae&ef BudKwifjyifqif<br />

&nfrSef;csufESifh vkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ tanmif;ajy? tnmajy? ½kd;½kd;usef;rm&eftwGuf r[kwfay/<br />

wcsKdUtpkuav;rsm; teD;tem; ywf0ef;usif vrf;avQmufMuaomtcgwGif ukdatmifqef;? ukdA[def;?<br />

udkjrpdef? ukdvSa½T? ukdoef;xGef;? udkat;ausmf? ukdboef;? ukdMunfarmifESifh ukdausmf&ifwkdY (1937-38? 1938-39<br />

AuoESifh wuo) xJu trIaqmifawG[m tvkyf pMu&onf/ rlvuwnf;u pnf;0g;½kdufxm;onfh twkdif;<br />

ukd,fhwm0ef? ukd,ftpkuav;rsm; cGJNyD;? e,fausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;xJrS vufa½G;pifwkdYudk uGefz&ifhqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

taumiftxnfazmf&ef tao;pdwf n§dEIdif;wifjy tMuHOmPf,lMuonf/ NrdKUe,ftvkduf oD;jcm;jyóemrsm;ukd wifjy<br />

aqG;aEG;NyD; tajz½SmMuonf/ wcsKdUonf ocifukd,fawmfrIdif; tem;wGif Mo0g'ESifh ykHjyifrsm; em;axmifMuonf/<br />

q&mBuD;u t&ifEkdifiHa&; tzGJUtpnf;awG? acgif;aqmifawGudk r,kHzkdY ? b,fenf;b,fykH ukd,fusKd;½Smum wpfwpfcGcG<br />

ajymNyD;? &efolukdvnf; txifrao;zdkY owd0D&d,½SdzkYd owday;onf/<br />

ukdatmifqef;? ukdA[def;ESifh ukdoef;xGef;wkdYonf olwkdY rsufpdusaom e,facgif;aqmif vufa½G;pifrsm;ukd<br />

127

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wa,mufcsif;? ESpfa,mufcsif; usdwfvkyfMuonf/ ukd,fNrdKUe,frSm b,fykHb,fenf; vkyfukdif&rnf/ b,focif acgif;aqmif<br />

ESifh twGif;usus wkdifyifn§dEIdif;&rnf/ b,ftvkyform;? v,form;acgif;aqmifESifh qufoG,f&ef? &efukefESifh tquf<br />

toG,f rjywf&ef tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;tMuHay;Muonf/<br />

nae xrif;pm;NyD;csdef ukdaZmf0dwfonf udkatmifqef;? ukdA[def;? ukdoef;xGef;ESifh ukdtkef;jrifhwkdY tpkav;<br />

xJvmNyD; reufu ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wokdufESifh aiGawmifoGm;&if;? xD;csKdifh½Gmuav; a&mufcJhykkH? &ckdif½Gmjzpfayr,fh<br />

ausmif;xkdif q&mawmfrSm Armbkef;BuD;? ½Gmol½Gmom;awG[m A[kokwenf;yg;vSwJh twGuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif<br />

rsm;vmNyD; A[kokw jzefYay;&ef? wkdif;jynfrSm jzpfysufwmawG ajymjy&ef zdwfMum;wJhtaMumif;? tjcm;teD;tem;<br />

½GmawGu vlawGukdyg zdwfxm;rnfhtaMumif; ajymonf/ csufcsif; ukkdatmifqef;u ]]ukdaZmf0dwfa& wjcm;b,folrS<br />

todray;eJY? reufav;em&D xGufMu&atmif? wvrf;vkH; uyfygvmwJh CID awG rsufcsnfjzwf xm;&r,f? pdwf½Sdvuf½Sd<br />

a[mcsifwmawG a[m&atmifav/}}<br />

(!-1) ZD;csKdifhc&D;<br />

ZD;csKdifhukd 1938 ck? {NyDv 28 &uf? reuf (4) em&DwGif xGufcJhMuonf/ ZD;csKdifha&mufaomtcg q&mawmf<br />

bkef;MuD;auR;aom tpmrsm;pm;NyD; w&m;yGJ pMuonf/ w&m;yGJukd ukdaZmf0dwf um,AvESifh pzGifhonf/ xkdaemuf<br />

ukdA[def;u ausmif;om;rdbrsm;jzpfaom a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm;taMumif;? ausmif;om;? tvkyform;wGJNyD; vGwfvyf<br />

a&; wkduf,l&r,f/ xkdaemuf ocifoef;xGef;u q&mpHolykeftaMumif;? v,form;awGb0ESifh ausmif;om; tvkyfo<br />

rm;vufwGJNyD; vGwfvyfa&; wkduf,l&r,f[k wkdwkd½Sif;½Sif;ajymonf/<br />

ukdatmifqef;u ausmif;om;? tvkkyform;? v,form;ESifh &ckdif? u&if? ½Srf;? csif;? ucsifESifh u&ifeDpwJh<br />

vlrsKd;pk trsKd;om;tm;vkH; vufwGJNyD; vGwfvyfa&;ukd wkduf,l&r,f? awmif;,lvkdY r&bl;? vufeufukdifNyD; olykefxrS<br />

vGwfvyfa&; &r,f? olykefx&r,fvdkY vufoD; vufarmif;wef;NyD; olykefolykef xxvkdY yxr wdkifay;vkdufw,f/<br />

q&mawmf OD;omoeu atmfMu? atmfMuvkdY ajymawmh ½Gmol½Gmom;awG 0kdif;atmfMuonf/ ausmif;om;t½G,f OD;<br />

a& okH;ykH? wykHavmuf ½Sdrnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;ukd Munfhjcif;jzifh ukdatmifqef;onf vufeufukdifwkdufyGJESifh vGwfvyfa&;<br />

&,l&ef yxrqkH; ajAmifa[majymcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&;wkduf,l&ef MuHpnfxm;onfrSm xif½Sm;vSonf/<br />

xkdYaemuf q&mawmfodcsifaom jynfru EkdifiHa&;tajctae? wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;ESifh ausmif;om; vIyf½Sm;rI<br />

rsm;tm; ½Sif;jycJhonf/ armfwifpGef; jyefa&mufawmh pDtkdif'DawG ukdatmifqef;wkdY aysmufoGm;í ausmif;om;rsm;udk<br />

a&½GwfMudrf;armif; vkyfonfukd od&aomtcg udkatmifqef; tm;yg;w& &,fcJhonf/<br />

udkatmifqef;wdkhESifUtwl ykodrfc&D;vdkufygcJUaom<br />

(0JrS,m) wdk;wufa&; ociftkef;jrifU<br />

,ckpmtkyfa&;om;&mwGif ulnDcJhjcif;twGuf xyfrHzrf;<br />

qD;cH&onf/ ,ckaxmifrSvGwfNyD; &efukefNrdKUwGif aexdkif<br />

vsuf½Sdonf/<br />

ygarmu©OD;ausmf&if (avxD;)<br />

oHwJGZmwd? &cdkiftrsKd;om;jzpfonf/ 1936 wGif &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfodkY a&muf½Sdonf/ wuo? Auo trIaqmif<br />

wOD;jzpfcJhonf/ *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif yg0ifcJhNyD; avxD;<br />

wyfzJGU0ifwOD;jzpfonf/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD0if<br />

wOD; jzpfcJhonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyftjzpf<br />

1966 ckESpf uG,fvGefcsdeftxd xrf;aqmifcJhonf/<br />

(¡) wwd,tMudrf ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif Ouú| ukdatmifqef; ajymMum;aom tzGifhrdefYcGef;<br />

tcsif;&Jabmfwkdh-<br />

ESSpfESpfwdwd igwkdY cJ,Of;NidKjiifpGm vkyfukdifNyD;onfhaemuf wwd,tBudrfajrmuf igwkdY ,ck awGUMu&jyefNyD/<br />

þtcsif;t&monfum; Armjynfvli,frsm;\ &mZ0ifwGif tNydKifr½Sd jzpfawmhonf/ ,cknDvmcHobifü te,fe,frS<br />

igwkdY\ &Jabmfa[mif; &Jabmfopf taygif;wkdYonf vmwufMuukef\/ okdY igwkdYnDvmcH obiftcgwGif a½S;a[mif;<br />

aESmif;jzpfukd igwdkYawG;vkdMupjrJjzpfay\/ okdY&mwGif igwkdY\ a½S;a[mif;rSwfwrf;wkdYum; igwkdYtwGuf taumif;csnf;<br />

rSwfcsuf- ociftkef;jrifh (aevif;- vl½SifocsØKif;rsm;taMumif;)? OD;ausmf&if (taygif;toif;a&mif;&if;wdkY\ausmf&if)<br />

128<br />

Source: File Photo<br />

Source: Memories of Kyaw Yin

Source: File Photo<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wuoOuúX ukdatmifqef; (1938-39)<br />

129

130<br />

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jA[®pkd&fw&m; Oya'pnf;urf;taygif;wkdYonf ysufa,mifwum;[k atmf[pf a

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&ef owdjyK&monf/<br />

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131

132<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

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onfrQomr[kkwf EkdifiHcsJUxGifa&;0g't& ab'y&d,m,f (EGm;uGJvsif usm;udkufEkdifatmif vkyfaom0g')<br />

udk ynma&;pepfwGif okH;xm;\/ xkdtwGuf r[kwfvQif igwkdYynma&;wGif tb,faMumifh t*Fvdyfujym;rsm;ausmif;?<br />

tjcm; t*Fvdyf-wkdif;&if; (2) bmomoifausmif; wjcm;cGJxm;ygovJ/ tb,faMumifh ½Srf;apmfbGm;om;rsm;ausmif;<br />

ponfjzihf woD;wjcm;xm;&ygoenf;/ wkdif;&if;bmomynm? t*Fvdyf-wkdif;&if; (2) bmomynmponfjzifh cGJxm;<br />

csufum; taMumif;rxif cGJjcm;csufyif/ b,fynma&;rqkd xkdynma&;onf xkdwkdif;jynfrSmjzpfí xkdwkdif;jynftwGuf<br />

r[kwf? xkdokdYjzpfvQif xkdynma&;onf ynmppfr[kwfay/ Armjynf½Sd þqdktyfaom wkdif;&if;bmomynm tp½Sdonf<br />

wdkYum; Armhynma&; tppfr[kwfay/<br />

þum; Armjynf\ ynma&;pnf;rsOf; tMurf;rQwnf;/ Armjynf ynma&;pufMuD;\ oP²mefrQaywnf;/<br />

xkdynma&;pufMuD; ckwfaeykH (0g) ynmoifMum;ykHukd MunfhMuOD;pkdY/<br />

AsL½dkua&pD pufuGif;rdaeaom igwkdYynma&;\ tpyxr tppGmjrifawGU&aom tusKd;um;? uRefpdwfayguf<br />

aom q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;yif jzpf\/ q&mu uRefpdwfaygufaevQif ausmif;om;rSm qkdzG,fr½Sd/ ocifjzpf<br />

Ekdifp&mr½Sd/ xkdokdY ocifapmfreHaom þynma&;pepfum; ynma&;\ &nf½G,fcsufukd vkH;vkH;qkH;½IH; avawmhonf/<br />

xkdaMumifhyifvQif uRefpdwfaygufí uReftvkyfom cifMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk igwkdYawGU&\/ xkdokdY uReftvkyfudk<br />

cifvGef;í igwkdYynma&; t&m½SdMuD;rsm;yifvsif olwkdY ESpfvnftpD&ifcHpmrsm;? tcgMuD; tcrf;tem;BuD;rsm;wGif<br />

ajymaom pum;rsm;wGif 0rf;enf;wo ajymae&ay\/ xkdYaMumifh igwkdYynma&;um; {&mrvlpGrf;aumif;awG? yka&m<br />

[dwfawG? avmu"gwfq&mMuD;awG? rSL;rwfBuD;awG xGufay:Ekdifap&ef taMumif;r½Sd/ igwkdYq&mrsm;ESifh bmrQrjcm;/<br />

tjrifrus,f? pdwfaomuvnf; rsm;pGmEk\/ wkd;wufvkdaom tñGefYwvlvl½Sdonfh ausmif;om;wkdYtm; igwkdY EkdifiHMuD;<br />

½Sifrsm;xuf nHhatmif igwkdYq&mrsm; rMumcP csKd;ESdrfcsifMuay\/ þNrdKU½Sd uREkfyf\rdwfaqG {nfhcHtzGJY awGYqkH&ykHudk<br />

azmfjyvkd\/ uREkfyf\ rdwfaqGrsm;onf þNrdKU½Sd q&mMuD;wOD;xHokdY ,ckuGefz&ifhtwGuf ukvm;xkdifrsm; iSm;&ef<br />

awmif;yefMuaomtcg ynmrif;MuD;xH pma&;&ef ajymMum;\/ tawmf owådaumif;vSaom q&mMuD;ygwum;?<br />

tjcm;taMumif;&if; wckvnf; ½Sdao;\/ tjcm;q&mMuD; wOD;rSmvnf; olNrdKU½Sd tpkd;&trIxrf;\ om;wa,muftm;<br />

ol\ausmif;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>tvkyfrvkyf&ef ajymay;ap&ef? xkdtrIxrf;\ txufvlMuD;tm; wkdifwrf;\/ þuJhokdY<br />

q&mMuD;rsKd;onf aemifArmjynfjzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ynmoif&efrxkduf/ olwkdYum; q&mryD/ olwdkY\<br />

0wå&m; rausyGef/ þuJhokdY &ifhonf;pGm q&mrsm;tm; rajymvdk/ odkYaomfvnf; trSefukdum; rajymbJrxm;Ekdif/<br />

xkduJhokdY q&mrsKd;um; q&mr[kwf? q&mwkomjzpf\[k uREfkyfqkd\/ jiif;0Hhol½SdvQif xGufygav/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

txufygpum;wkdYonf ausmif;om;rsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? q&mrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? trsm;wumuJhokdY<br />

r[kwfbJ? cRif;csufaeolrsm;ESifh bmrQrqkdif? þuJhokdY yk*¾dKvfrsKd;um; ½SdpjrJyif? olwkdYum; ig0rf;xGufrSefap? olawmf<br />

aumif; jzpfaomoluJhokdY txl;½Sm;aom xl;cRefolrsm;yifwnf;/<br />

b,fynma&;rqkd ynmay;&ma'otvkduf trsKd;tpm;wckckukd &Ekdif&eftwGuf jzpf\/ igwkdYynma&;um;<br />

þodkYr[kwf/ Armwkdif;jynfESifh wpcef;pD oGm;ae\/ igwkdYynma&;um; twkrQomwnf;/ igwkdYtrsKd;pdwftm;<br />

zDvmvsuf ½Sd\/ igwkdYtwGuf txl;rvkHavmuf/<br />

twkjzpf&onfhtaMumif;um; Armjynfu r&bJ tjyifbufrS oGif;vmaom t*Fvdyfynma&;pepfonf<br />

vkH;0raumif;[k rqkdvkd/ okdYaomf twk[k uREkfyfwkdY\ taMumif;um; þokdYwnf;/ wkdif;jynfwckckwGif olYp½kduf?<br />

olYbmom? olY"avh? olYtokH;awG ½Sd\/ xdktcsufrsm;tm; MunfhNyD;rSomvsif xkdwkdif;jynf\ trsKd;om;vkyfief;t&yf<br />

&yfukd pDrHoifh\/ urÇmrSm t*Fvdyfynma&;pepf wckwnf;om½Sdonf r[kwf? tjcm;pepfawGvnf; ½Sd\/ jyifopfjynfrSm<br />

vnf;aumif;? tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSm vnf;aumif;? *syefjynfrSm vnf;aumif;? ½k½SjynfrSm vnf;aumif;? *smrPDjynf<br />

rSmvnf;aumif;? tDwvDjynfrSm vnf;aumif;? olpepfESifh ol½Sd\/ aemufqkH; wkdif;jynfokH;jynfukd azmfjyojzifh<br />

uREkfyfwkdY\ yg&*lyka&m[dwfMuD;awGu yg;pyfrJhaumif; rJhvkdMuayvdrfhrnf/ okdYaomf olwkdY rJhcsifwkdif;rJh? onfwkdif;jynf<br />

wkdY\ pepfrsm;vnf; t*Fvdyfpepftvm; urÇmtm; vrf;jyp&m½Sd\/ þwkdif;jynfawGrSm½Sdonfh pepfrsm;onf b,fvkd?<br />

b,fokdYjcm;onf wlonf? taumif;tqkd; a0zef&ef tcsdefvnf;r½Sd/ rpGrf;vnf; rpGrf;Edkif/ þwGifjyvkdaom tcsufum;<br />

b,fwkdif;jynfrqkd olYtvkduf? olYpepf? olYtaqmuftODESifh jzpfonfqdkaom tcsufyif/<br />

tenf;i,f csJUygOD;tHh/ ,ckausmif;rsm;ESifh aumvdyfrsm;rSm bmom&yfrsm;udk t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh oif\/<br />

ynma&;oabmt&qkdvsif onfuJhokdY vkyfjcif;onf rSm;\/ bmompum;qdkonfrSm trsm;em;vnf&ef twGufjzpf\/<br />

pmzwfvQif pmausmfí jrifEkdif&efjzpf\/ rdrdtvkdus pdwfay:&m azmfjyEkdif&eftwGuf jzpf\/ okdY&mwGif ArmjynfrSm½Sdaom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;twGufum; (100) vQif (90) rQ þenf;rjzpf/ taMumif;um; okH;&onfhbmom\ cufcJrIyifjzpf\/<br />

t*Fvdyfpmudk roif&rqkdkvkd/ oif&rnf jzpf\/ tjcm;bmomjcm; pmrsm;udkvnf; oif&rnf/ odkYaomf t*Fvdyfpmum;<br />

t*Fvefjynf½Sd t*Fvdyfausmif;om;rsm;ESifhom ½kH;okH;? ausmif;okH;bmomtjzpf oifhawmf\/ Armjynf½Sd Armausmif;om;<br />

awGeJY rawmf/<br />

Armjynf\ ynma&;onf twk[k uREkfyfqkd\/ taMumif;um; þokdU½Sdjyef\/ oif&aom bmom&yfrsm;rSm<br />

NAdwdoQuRefu pvkH;a&;pí NAdwdoQtifyg,m EkdifiHawmfMuD;wGif qkH;awmh\/ þum; ausmif;a&m? aumvdyfa&mrSm<br />

jzpf\/ okdYaomfvnf; NAdwdoQtifyg,m wckwnf;om urÇmjzpfaeonf r[kwf? NAdwdoQtifyg,m jyifyrSmvnf;<br />

tjcm;ae&m rsm; ½Sdao;\/ xkdtaMumif;rsm;ukd oif&rnf/ oif&efponfhtcgrSmvnf; NAdwdoQuRef;u p&efr[kwf?<br />

ArmjynfrS p&rnf/ Armh,Ofaus;rI? Armh&mZ0if? Armhtajctae? Armhtac:ta0:taMumif; pmawGukdum; igwkdYESifh<br />

rqkdifouJhodkY ,ckacsmifxkd;xm;cH&\/ onftaMumif;awGukd jzef;umoef;umom oifjy\/ uREfkyfum; a½S;acwfukd<br />

jyefvGrf;aejcif; r[kwf? udk,fhjynfav;udk,fqufí apmufreufaom tvkyfvkyfcsifívnf; r[kwf? a½S;acwftaMumif;<br />

em;vnfvkdí jzpf\/ xkdodkY a½S;ub,fokdY b,fvdk pDrHvQif b,fuJhokdY jzpfaumif;yguvm;[k awG;awmEdkifrnf/<br />

xkdYaMumifh a½S;acwftaMumif;udkom oif&rnfyif/ þenf;yrm Armjynfuav;csnf; zufxm;csifí r[kwfbJ Arm<br />

jynftaMumif;udk oif&rnfjzpf\/ oifaomfvnf; urÇmESifht0Srf; Munfhí oif&ayvdrfhrnf/ Armjynfonfomvsif<br />

Armrsm;tzdkY tBuD;qkH;aom jyóemMuD; jzpf\/ Armjynfukd em;vnf&efvkd\ (0g) ArmjynfqkdonfrSm b,fArmjynf<br />

enf;[k em;axG;rae&ef vkd\/ xkdYtwl t*Fvdyfjynfonfvnf; t*FvdyfawGtzkdY tBuD;qkH;jyóemBuD;yif/ okdYaomf<br />

vnf; igwkdYynma&;um; þjyóemBuD;udk csefvSyfxm;\/ igwkdYtm; oifray;/ xkdaMumifh uREkfyfwkdY qkdjyefonf?<br />

igwkdY ynma&;um; twkrQomwum;/ xkdaMumifh r[kwfavm tdE´d,jynf ynma&;qkdonfh usrf;pmtkyfwGif rpöwm<br />

ar[l; (tdE´d,jynfe,f we,f ynmrif;MuD; jzpfcJhbl;ol) yk*¾dKvfMuD;u tdE´d,wkdif;om; ausmif;om;taMumif;udk<br />

(Armausmif;om;twGufvnf; twlwlyif) þokdYa&;om;owwf/<br />

]ol\ (tdE´d,ausmif;om;qkdvkdonf) tdE´d,jynf&mZ0if todOmPfum;? olhpmar;yGJtwGuf yx0D0ifESifh<br />

t*Fvdyf&mZ0ifwkdhjzifU wGJí oifMum;apaom jyXmef;csufpmtkyf wtkyfrS ausmfvGefjcif;r½Sd/} okdY&mwGif t*Fvdyfpma&;q&m<br />

MuD;awG taMumif;ESifh ywfoufvQif aeYa&m? emrnfa&m rusef vkH;0OókH od½Sdwwf\/ xkdrQomru þq&mBuD;rsm;\<br />

usrf;vufpGrf;rsm; taMumif;udk oifxm;tyfaom enf;twkdif; tudk;tum;awGESifh qDqDavsmfavsmf a&;wwf azmfwwf<br />

\/ t*Fvdyfpma&;q&mBuD; acsmfpmtaMumif;ukd t*FvdyfbmomjzifU pmpDukH;a&;&mü rdrdbmomjzifU rdrdwkdh wkdif;&if;om;<br />

q&mrsm;jzpfaom wku&efESifU bkrd'ufwkdhtaMumif; a&;wwfonfxuf ykdrkdí ola&;wwfavonf/<br />

133

134<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

,ck ajymqkdaejcif;um; usOf;ajrmif;aomoabm ArmqkdrS ArmqkdonfU tjyif;pGJpGJ oabmt& ajymqkdjcif;<br />

r[kwf/ Oyrm txufwae&mwGif wuúodkvfü Armq&mrsm;om ½Sdoifhonfoabm uREkfyfajymcJh\/ þoabmudk<br />

atmufausmif;om;rsm; twGufvnf; uREfkyfqkd\/ qkdonfhtaMumif;um; txufu ajymcJhonfhtwkdif; tjyif;pGJpGJ<br />

oabmt& r[kwf? ynma&;oabmt& jzpf\/ Armausmif;om;rsm;\ oabmraem p½kduf tusifUtMuHudk Armq&mrsm;<br />

omvsif odEkdif\/ ynma&;qkdonfrSm OD;acgif;ESifU ESvkH; (2) rsKd;pvkH; BuD;yGm;vmap&ef oifay;jcif; jzpf\/ b,fvlrsKd;rqkd<br />

olhtavU? olhtac:? olhxl;jcm;csuf ½Sd\/ xdkxl;jcm;csufukd olhvlrsdK;uvGJí tjcm;vl wOD;wa,mufu em;vnf&ef<br />

rpGrf;Ekdif/ Oyrm om"uwckjyygthH/ þom"uum; ESpftawmfMumu zwfzl;aom acwfopf*syefqkdonfh pmtkyfrS<br />

jzpfonf/ *syefwuúodkvfwckokdY t*Fvdyfygarmu©wOD; a&mufvm\/ xkdtcg t*Fvdyfygarmu©BuD;rSm rdrd twef;om;<br />

rsm; cPcP aemufusonfudk awGU&\/ odkYawGU&zefrsm;í waeYaomf qkdjrnf;Budrf;armif;\/ xkdokdY Budrf;armif;onf<br />

rSm olYrSmrxl;jcm;vSaomfvnf;? tBudrf;tarmif;cH&aom *syefausmif;om;rsm;urlum; txl;cHjyif;vsuf½Sd\/ t*Fvdyf<br />

ygarmu©BuD;rS xkdtcsif;t&mukd jrif&í em;rvnfEkdif? rawG;awmwwf? tHhMopOf;pm;aeawmh\/ taMumif;um;<br />

þokdY ajymqkdenf;rSm *syefvlrsKd;rsm;\ ykHpHr[kwfaomaMumif hjzpf\/ odkYaomfvnf; igwkdYjynfrSmum; onfvkdodvsufESifh<br />

yif twkjzpfaom ynma&;pepf ArmtrsKd;om;pdwf"gwf? trsKd;om;qE´? trsKd;om;"avhESifh rukdufnDaom ynma&;pepf<br />

ukd ay;xm;\/ aumvdyfrSmyJjzpfjzpf? ausmif;awGrSmyJjzpfjzpf þpum;rSef\/ xkdYaMumifhyifvsif igwkdYausmif;om;awG<br />

onf ydk;om;½G½Guav; 0wfqifum txl;r[mqefaeMu\/ igwkdYum; a½S;a½S;igwkdY bkd;ab;wkdY\ xufoefpl;½Saom?<br />

pdwfwuf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

rjiif;Ekdif ½k½SjynfwGif ,ckvkd a½S;uZmbk&ifrsm; vufxufxuf tvGeftusL; txl;ykdrkd wkd;wuf pnfyifom,mae<br />

onf/ rjiif;Ekdif/ ArmjynfrSmum; ½k½kjynfrSm vlawGowfaeonf qdkaom raumif;owif;rsm;om Mum;&\/aumif;<br />

aomowif;awG rMum;&/ owif;pmrSma&m a&'D,kdrSma&m b,frSmjzpfjzpf ]qifpm½Spf} u wm;jrpfuG,f0Suf xm;<br />

avonf/ uREkfyf bDattwef;pOfu EkdifiHa&;bmomukd oifcJh\/ ½k½StaMumif;qdkí wvHk;wyg'rQ roif&/ um;vf<br />

rmhufpf q&mBuD;taMumif;udk tenf;i,frQ oif&\/ uGefjrLepf0g'udk bmroifbJ xm;p&m½Sdoenf;/ ynma&;<br />

qkdonfrSm tzufzufpkHatmif oifMum;ay;&rnf/ uREkfyftwGufom ajym&rnfqkdvsif Armjynfom vGwfvyfa&;&onfh<br />

tcg urÇmESifhNydKifvkdufEkdif&ef rdrdwdkYjyóemrsm;ukd usepGm ajzMum;Ekdif&ef qkd½S,fvpfjynfopf axmifenf;ukd vkdufem<br />

oifhonf[k xifonf/ tcsKdUu ajymMuonf/ qkd½S,fvpfZifonf bmomw&m;ESifh qefYusifaom [l\/ þum;<br />

a½SUrwkd;vkdol\ avoHyifjzpf\/ uRefawmfem;vnfoavmuf bmomw&m;[lí r[kwfbJ þuJhokdY a½SUrwkd;vkdonfh<br />

ae&mra½GUonfh 0g'rsKd;omvQif qkd½S,fvpfZifu qefYusifonf[k xifonf/ urÇmrSm½Sdonfh 0g'[lorQ qkH;cef;wkdif<br />

rSefNyD[k rnfolrQ wyftyfrajymEkdif/ xkdaMumihf 0g'qkdorQ igwkdY oiftyf\? Mum;tyf\/ ,cktcg urÇmBuD;wGif<br />

wzufowf tjrifoefí xif&mjrif&m rdrdtrsKd;wrsKd; aumif;pm;vQifNyD;a&m[k 'va[m &rf;Murf;aeonfh zufqDZif<br />

qkdonfh 0g'yifvQif tqkd;csnf; r[kwfay/ uREkfyfqkdvQif MopBwD;,m;jynfESifh *smrPDjynfaygif;&ef vkyfjcif;twGuf<br />

[pfwvmtm; txl;csD;usL;csifawmh\/ onfvdk csD;usL;jcif;onf ukdvkdeDEkdifiHawG jyefay;qdkonfh olYEkdifiHcsJUxGifa&;0g'<br />

ukd tm;ay;vkdí r[kwf/ Oa&mywkduf &mZ0ifoifolwkdif; MopBwD;,m;jynfonf *smrPDjynf\ wpdwfwa'o jzpf<br />

onf qdkonfukd odMu\/ ESpfaygif;w&mausmfrQ aqmif½Gufae&aom þ*smrefvlrsKd; aygif;pyfa&;vkyfief;onf<br />

,ck [pfwvmvufxufrS NyD;awmhonf/ NyD;onfrSmvnf; txl;nifomvSay\/ aoG;pufrQ rus/ MopBwD;,m;jynf<br />

rSm vlrsm;pGmtm; ,cktcg zrf;qD;EdSyfpufjcif; twGuf [pfwvmtm; txl;tjypfqkdvdkuf\/ okdYaomfvnf; þ*smref-<br />

MopBwD;,m; aygif;pyfa&;um; [pfwvmtwGuf txl;csD;rGrf;zG,f om"ujzpf\/ þudpöudk aoG;waygufrS rusbJ<br />

aqmif½GufEkdifonfrSm MopMwD;,m;jynf wjynfvkH; oabmusí jzpfonfhtwGuf xif½Sm;ayonf/ okYda½S;a&; aemuf<br />

a&; qkdouJodkY igwkdYawG wGuf&rnf/ t&rf;aMumuf t&rf;tvkyfum; tcsnf;ESD;yif/ igwkdYt&m½Sdrsm;um; þokdYr[kwf/<br />

EkdifiHa&;vkdufonfh ausmif;om;awGonf i&Jusrwwf Ncdrf;ajcmufowday;\/ þwGifaum r[kwfyg/ ausmif;om;awG<br />

xJrSm olvQKdawG? pkHaxmufawG? ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; pkHaxmuf&efxm;um igwkdYpmawGudk azmufzwfMunfhMu\/<br />

ausmif;om;? tvkyform;awGudk vkdufvm; axmufvm;jyK\/ igwkdYpmukdvnf; wcgw&H Mum;jzwf,l\/ tawmfMumu<br />

usif;yNyD;aom EkdifiH0efxrf;pmar;yGJwckwGif pmar;yGJajzolrsm;tm; EIwfar;cGef; tcef;wGif 1936 u oydwfarSmufwGif<br />

ygryg ar;aom[lowwf/ tjcm; tvkyfavQmufMuonfh udpörsm;rSmvnf; þokdYtar;cH&onf[k Mum;zl;\/ oydwf<br />

arSmufqkdonfh pum;onf x&dwf,leD,H tvkyform;toif;wkdYESifhom ywfoufonf/ ausmif;awGxJu onfpmonf<br />

tvkyfukd,lrvmygESifh[k rpöwmatudefYbJu ,refESpf ynmrif;BuD; ESpfywfvnf tpD&ifcHpmwGif qkd\/ oluajymonfh<br />

q&mESihf wynfhonf tvkyf½Siftvkyform;uJhokdY r[kwf[kqkd\/ uREfkyfurlum; þtwkdif;[kwf\[k qdk\/ [kwf<br />

r[kwf oufaotaxmuftxm; ay;aep&mrvkd? tm;vkH;odNyD;yif/ oydwfarSmufonfqkdonfrSm uav;upm;p&m<br />

r[kwf? uREfkyfoabmwl\/ okdhaomf rdrdukd,fukd umuG,f&ef vlowfrIyif vGwfEkdifonf[k Oya'u qkdxm;ygvsuf<br />

igwkdh\ vkdvm;csuf epfemcsufrsm;tm; w&m;enf;vrf;½SdorQ vkdufí r&vQif oydwftb,faMumifU rarSmufxkduftHUenf;/<br />

arSmufxkdufonfom/<br />

okdYaomf igwkdY tifyg,mBuD;rsm; t½SifwkdYum; ]Ekd;} oydwfarSmufvQif rif;wkdYrSm;onf[k a[mawmfrlMu\/<br />

olwkdYajymonfh q&mrdbukd ½kdaoMu? q&mpum;em;axmifjim; oHjym; ausmufaqmif usKdaomfajymif;vdrfhrnf jzpfaom<br />

[l\/ tb,faMumifh q&mrdbawG ½kdaozkdY qGJxnfhvmygvdrfh pOf;pmMurdyg\avm/ igwkdYrdbrsm;vnf; pOf;pm;Murd<br />

yg\avm/ igwkdYum; igwkdYrdbwkdYtm; arG;uwnf;u ½kdaoukdif;½Idif;vm\/ igwkdYtdEd´,ESifh Armjynftm; txl;a½S;qef<br />

onf[k ñTefxm;ayonf/ okdYjzpf&m tb,faMumifh rdbawG½kdaoMu[k ausmif;awGu xyfoifMuygoenf;/ taMumif;<br />

um; igwkdYrdbrsm;tm; MunfndKí r[kwf? tusKd;½Sdapvkdí r[kwf? igwkdYrdbwkdYu igwkdYtay: MoZmtmPm anmif;<br />

onfukd olwkdYtzkdY tvGJokH;pmvkyfvkdí jzpfonf/<br />

þrQomr[kwf igwkdYbmomw&m;ukdvnf; tvGJokH;pm;vkyf\/ Ak'¨bmomw&m;onf tifrwef rGefjrwf<br />

vSayonf/ xkdaMumifh ausmif;awGrSm omoma&;oifcef;pmawGESifh xm;\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;½SdzkdY rvkd bmoma&;toif;awG<br />

½Sdom;yJqkdí bmoma&;toif;awGudk vufnd§K;xkd;jyxm;\/ uREkfyfum; bmoma&;ukdvnf; rykwfcwfvdk? okdYaomf<br />

bmoma&;ukd[efjyNyD;vQif igwkdYtm; ig;Muif; jyefaMumfaom tvkyfukdrBudKuf/ tESpfudkroifbJ tumukdom oifonfh<br />

avmu"gwfenf;r[kwfonfh bmoma&;oifenf;udk vkH;0rBudKuf? jrwfpGmbk&m; ukd,fwkdifuyifvsif? umvmrokwåefü<br />

135

136<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

t&rf;em;axmifonfh tvkyfukd tm;ray;ESifh? opömynmudk ½Smvdk? qnf;yl;vkdaom qE´tmoDoESifh qefYusifonfh[l<br />

aom oabmukdjyxm;\/ tumrQ oifonfhenf;um; igwkdYtm; pdwfEHkpdwfnHhudkom oifay;\/ igwkdY jynfwGif<br />

rsm;pGmaom vltaygif;wkdYonf tumukd tESpfxifum bk&m;ocifa[mMum;aom vGwfvyfa&;w&m;? jA[®pkd&fw&m;<br />

wdkYukdum; rusifhMuHrlí yumoevkyfief;awG tay:,Hbrf;jy tvkyfawGudkom jyKvkyfaeonfukd awGY&ayonf/<br />

txl; 0rf;enf;p&myif/ igwkdYum; igwkdYbmomw&m;u jA[®pkd&fw&m;udk oifMum;vihfupm; bmoma&;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

&Hzef&Hcgomyif tjrifukdwwfavonf/ igwkdYum; rod½SmMuay/ okdYaomf EkdifiHBuD;½SifwkdYum; jrifod\/ igwkdY\<br />

bk&m;MunfndKaom tm½kHtvkduf igwkdYtm; vrf;vGJaqmifjyKykHukd azmfjytHh/ uREkfyfum; Ak'¨bmomusrf;*efukd oGefoGef<br />

arSmufarSmuf aygufajrmufatmif wwfuRrf;olr[kwf 0efcH\/ okdY&mwGif ,ckvuf½Sd bmomw&m;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

yumoe jyKvkyfjcif;um; tenf;i,frQ ypöKyÜefoHo&m tusKd;r½Sd[k uREfkyfqkd\/ jiif;&JvQif xGufygav/ igwkdYtrd<br />

0rf;wGif;rS tl0J[k arG;vmuwnf;u igwkdYtm; igwkdYrdbESifh bkef;awmfBuD; tp½SdonfwkdYukdum; oifay;\/ okdYaomf<br />

Ak'¨bmomw&m;\ t&if;w&m;ukdum; rnfonfhtcgrQ ray;/ od&oavmufrSm jrefrmjynf½Sd Ak'¨bmomvlOD;a&<br />

90 &mckdifEIef;onf xkdAk'¨bmom t&if;w&m;ukd,fudk rdrd&&odolrsm; r[kwfMuay/ ESpftwefMumu Ak'¨bmom<br />

oifcef;pm oifMum;a&; aumfrwDwck ½Sdvkdufzl;\/ rnfuJhokdY pDrHaxmufcHonfukdum; tukefrrSwfrdawmh/ okdYaomf<br />

wckum; zwfrdvkdufonf/ Ak'¨bmomoifonfhtcg tukokdvfa½SmifMuOf&ef? ukokdvfjyKvkyf&ef? pdwfxm;pifMu,f&ef<br />

þum; bk&m;tqlql a[mMum;cJhaom w&m;tcsKyfyifwnf;[lonfh Ak'¨bmomw&m; &nf½G,fcsuf tcsKyfukd oif&ef<br />

wkdufwGef;\/ þrQESifh rvkHavmuf? t"dyÜg,f ray:vS? þ&nf½G,fcsufum; bmomwkdif;\ &nf½G,fcsuf jzpf\/<br />

ukokdvfqdkonfum; b,fokdY? tukokdvfqkdonfum; b,fokdY? pdwfxm;rnfokdY pifMu,fatmif jyKvkyf&rnf tp½Sdonf<br />

wkdYukd *eCP oifMum;í Ak'¨bmomwkdY arQmfrSef;&m t"dutcsuf edAÁmefokdY a&muf&ma&mufaMumif; rnfodkY oufqkdif<br />

onfukdvnf; oifMum;oifh avonf/ tcsKdUaom Ak'¨bmomxkH;pHrsm;onf Ak'¨bmomw&m;ukd,fESifh ukduf\ rukduf\<br />

,cktcg tjiif;xGufoifhNyD/ t&rf;vkdufí tusKd;r½Sd/ okdYaomf ArmjynfwGif bmoma&;ESifhywfoufí rMuHtyfrpnftyf<br />

[k ajymMu\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifu olYw&m;tm; rMuHtyfrpnftyf[k ra[mcJhay/ þokdY tusKd;r½Sd taMumif;r½Sd<br />

bmomw&m; pdwfukd od½SdonfESifhtnD igwkdYtkyfpkd;olrsm;u igwkdY\ xkH;pHrsm;tm;jzifh igwkdYtm; jyefvnfí tkyfpkd;\/<br />

þokdYvsif igwkdYtm; q&morm;qkdvQif ½kdaoMu[k a[m\? ajym\/ taMumif;rlum; tmp&d,*kaPm teaEÅmygw<br />

um;/ tmp&d,qkdonfh pum;onf ,ck t*Fvdyfbmomtm;jzifh wDcsm;qkdaom pum;ESifh t"dyÜg,f woabmwnf;avm<br />

[lonfukdyif uREkfyftenf;i,f oHo,½Sd\/ wzefq&mqkdonfrSm od*Fgavm 0g'okwåefwGif a[mtyfaom q&m0wf<br />

ig;yg; jynfpkH&efvkd\/ þokdYum;r[kwf/ q&mwkdif; q&mjzpf\/ ½kdao&rnf/ bmrnfnmrnfESifh igwkdYtm; ig;Muif;<br />

qDESifh ig;Muif;jyefaMumf\/ Oyrmwck jytHh/ rMumrDu ,cktcg q&mawG oifaeonfh ausmif;MuD;u ausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

wOD;\ pmwapmifukd zwf&\/ pmxdyfwGifum; jrefrmbmom ykHESdyfpmvkH;jzifh tmp&d,*kaPm teaEÅm[k a&;xm;\/<br />

olum; c&pf,mefbmom0if jzpf\/ þokdYvsif igwkdYbmomw&m;um; aumovrif; tdrfruftwkdif; rSefvkdíavm<br />

rod/ ukd,fusKd;½Sm&ef twGuf tokH;jyKcH&\/ igwkdYrsufpdtm; oJESifh tyufcH&\/ xkdYaMumifh Ak'¨bmom0if uREkfyfwkdY\<br />

wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;tm; uREkfyfwck awmif;yefvkdyg\/ bmomw&m;[efjzifh tvdrfrcHygESifh bmomw&m;ESifh ywfouf<br />

vQifvnf; tjrifus,fMuyg/ Ak'¨bmom0if r[kwfaomfvnf; tjcm;igwkdY wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;tm; ausmom;&ifom;<br />

rjcm; cifrifwG,fwmMuyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Ak'¨bmomawGukdom arwåmxm;&rnf[k ra[mMum;/ tm;vkH;tm;<br />

arwåmxm;&ef a[mMum;\/ igwkdYtm;vkH;um; uRefcsnf; jzpf\/ uReftcsif;csif; cGyfí tusKd;r½Sd? igwkdYtm;vkH;<br />

vkdvm;&m vGwfvyfa&; &nfrSef;csufudk rarhMuukefvifh/<br />

ynma&;taMumif;ukd quf&OD;rnf/ igwkdYynma&;um; txufav;aeí atmufao;jzpfae\/ igwkdY<br />

ynmonf vlcsrf;omawG\ rlykdifyrm jzpfaeay\/ igwkdYwkdif;jynf½Sd uav;oli,frsm;wGif awmfapumrl ynm&cGifh<br />

r½Sd/ xkdYaMumifhyif igwkdYjynfü acgif;aqmifaumif; ½Sm;\/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom awmaeawmifolwkdYrSm urÇmBuD;b,fvkd<br />

jzpfaeonfukd rodpGrf;Ekdif? acsmifydwfcHae&\/ ajymoHMum;zl;onfum; ArmjynfwGif wuúokdvfokYd ESpfpOf ESpfwkdif;<br />

(40) &mckdifEIef;rQ oGm;í t*FvefjynfwGif (10) &mckdifEIef;rQ oGm;onfukd axmufí Armjynf\ txufwef;ynm<br />

zGHUNzdK;aMumif;[lonfyif þum; rsufpdoJyufjcif; jzpf\/ þokdY *Pef;rsm;onf arSmufrSm;p&m jzpf\/ igwkdYum;<br />

*Pef;rsm; aemufokdY ausmfí Munfh&rnf/ t*Fvefjynfü vlOD;a&rSm ArmvlOD;a&xuf av;qrQ½Sd\/ wuúokdvfausmif;<br />

awGvnf; rsm;\/ atmufwef;ynmuvnf; txl;aumif;rGef\/ vlrsm;rsm;vnf; ykdrkdoif&\/ xGufoGm;vQif<br />

ArmjynfuJhokdY rvkyfwwf? rukdifwwfolawG enf;\/ tjcm; toufarG;0rf;aMumif; pufrIvufrIvkyfief; ynmawGvnf;<br />

½Sd\/ ArmjynfrSm (10) wef;atmifvQif wuftm;u aumvdyfoGm;½kHom ½Sd\/ wESpfvQif (2000) cefYrQ aumvdyfodkY

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

0ifcGifh&olrsm;teuf (800) cefYrQ aumvdyfoGm;EkdifMuonfukd &mckdifEIef; zGJYvkdufaomf (40) &mckdifEIef;yif jzpf\/<br />

t*FvdyfjynfrSmum; (6) ESpfu (15) ESpft½G,fwkdif ynmroifí rae&ay/ xkdrSxGufí ynmoifMuolrsm; csefvSyfí<br />

usefvlrsm;rSm txufwef;ynma&; tcGifh&olrsm; jzpfí þuJhokdY ynma&; tcGihf&olrsm;rSm Armjynfxuf rsm;jym;\/<br />

aumvdyfokdY oGm;Muolrsm;rSm þtcsKd;twkdif; wGufojzifh (10) &mckdifEIef;om ½Sdonf[k xif&jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

þwGif Armjynf½Sd ukHvkHaom rdbrsm;tm; tpD&ifcHvkd\/ taMumif;um; (10) wef;atmifvQif aumvdyfodkY<br />

csnf; rdrdwkdYom;orD;ukd rykdYrlí teD;tem;½Sd *syef? zdvpfykdif paomEkdifiHrsm;okdY ykdYí v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;? ArmjynfwGif<br />

jzpfEkdifrnfh pufrIvkyfief;rsm;ukd oifaptyfavonf/ þum; þodkYykdYtyfaom rdbrsm;? om;orD;rsm;om tusKd;cHpm;&<br />

onfr[kwf? Armjynf\ vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJwGifvnf; tokH;csEkdifayonf/ vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJrSeforQwGif a½S;tcgu<br />

enf;rsKd;jzifh r&awmhay/ igwkdYum; acwfrDEkdiforQ acwfrDatmif MudK;pm;EkdifrS tawmfusawmhrnf/ vGwfvyfa&;wkduf<br />

yGJonf tzsuftvkyfvnf; [kwf\? tjyKtvkyfvnf; [kwf\/ zsuf&onfrSmvnf; jyKvkyfcsifí zsuf&\/ jyKvkyf<br />

onfrSmvnf; zsufcsifí jzpf\/ þuJhokdY MudK;pm;rSomvsif igwkdYvGwfvyfa&;atmifudk raES;rMum qGwfcl;Ekdifrnf<br />

omwnf;/<br />

ynma&;taMumif; qufOD;pkdY/ tjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;wGif Mumav pmwwfolrsm;avjzpf\/ ArmjynfwGifum;<br />

Mumav enf;avjzpf\/ ArmjynfwGif tESpfw&mcefYu yxrt*Fvdyfaumfr½Sifem t&m½Sdu vlwkdif;pmzwfwwf pm<br />

a&;wwf[k qkd\/ ,cktcg a,muFsm;qkdvQif (56) &mEIef;rQ pmwwf\/ rdef;rqkdvQif (16.5) &mEIef;rQom wwfMu<br />

awmhonf/ þwGifvnf; *Pef;ukdjrifí t&rf;rrSwf&m/ taMumif;rlum; þOD;a&teufrS pmwwf&ef? a&;&ef<br />

tcGifhr& tcgr&jzpfojzifh pmrwwfoavmuf jzpfolrsm;rSmvnf; txl;rsm;avonf/ NyD;cJhaom vTwfawmf tpnf;t<br />

a0;wGif ynma&;0efMuD;u rlvwef;ynm roifrae& Oya'Murf;udk wifoGif;\/ xkdOya'Murf;tm; uefYuGufp&m<br />

r½Sd? atmifygap[kom qkawmif;vkd\/ odkY&mwGif jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf ½Sdrnf? r½SdrnfrSm oHo,½Sd\/ awmaeawmifol<br />

rsm;tm; pmwwfatmif tajccHay;jcif;um; txl;vkd\/ aumif;yg\/ okdYaomf rjzpfrajrmufum tusKd;r½Sd/ xkdokdY<br />

jzpf&ef wu,fhtmPm r&orQ rjzpfEkdif/<br />

igwkdYynma&;um; vkHvnf;rvkHavmuf? pmoifwef;rsm;rSm ausmif;om;awGrsm;vGef;í ususee ausmif;om;<br />

awGukd ukd,fpDukd,fiS oifray;Ekdif? wef;i,fcGJí oifonfhenf;r½Sd/ oifonfhq&mrsm; oifykHrSmvnf; ausmif;a&m<br />

aumvdyfa&mrSm txl;nHHhzsif;\/ rjiif;Ekdif/ usol ykdufqHukefolawGrSmvnf; teEÅ? b,fynm b,ftwef; rqkdjzpf<br />

onf/ ausmif;awG? aumvdyfawG (ausmif;awGrSm ykdqkd;onf) rSm pmoifzkdY ud&d,mwefqmyvm txl;enf;\/<br />

acwfvnf; rrDvS/ ausmif;ESifhaumvdyf pmtkyfrsm; txl;enf;yg;\/ tcsKdUausmif;rsm;rSm yd#duwfwkdufrsm; r½Sdyif<br />

r½Sdoavmufyif/ oifonfh bmom&yfrsm;rSmvnf; usOf;ajrmif;vGef;\/ rpkHpd/ oif&onfrSmvnf; acwfrrD? tESpf<br />

(20) cefYaemufus\/ avmupdwfynm qkdívnf; wkYdumoDum ausmif;tenf;i,fwGifom oifEkdif\/ ukd,fvuf<br />

usef;rma&; ynmrSmvnf; vkdao;\/ ausmif;a&m wuúokdvfa&mrSm ynmpkHprf;jcif;? vkdufpm;jcif; vkyfonfh tavh<br />

r½SdvS? ½SdorQrSmvnf; rajymyavmufay/ wavmu wuúokdvf &Dppö&D0efaxmufu onfvkdpmay vkdufpm;onfh<br />

tvkyf½Sdygonf[kk ajz\/ ½Sdyg\/ ½SdonfhtvkyfrSm [efrusao; auseyfp&mr½Sd/<br />

twkdcsKH;&vQif igwkdhynma&;um; tjrpfupí vSeffavSmNyD; jyKjyif,l&rnf jzpf\/ okdh&mwGif þokdhjyKvkyf<br />

EkdifrnfrSm igwkdhtm;vkH; vGwfvyfí ocifb0a&mufrS jzpfawmUrnf/ xkdaMumifh ,aeYvma&muf awGUqkHESD;aESmMuaom<br />

rdwfaqGtaygif;wkdY oifwkdYigwkYdonf xkdokdYaom ocifynm&Ekdifonfh ocifb0ukda&mufatmif MudK;pm;&rnf/ aemif<br />

ArmjynfBuD;\ vlBuD;rsm;jzpftHUaom igwkdhrSm ,ckvwfwavmjcif; tvkyf (2) rsKd;½Sd\/ xkdtvkyf (2) rsdK;wGif wrsKd;<br />

um; vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJ (wkdufyGJqkdívnf; a½S;uuJUokdh tMurf;t"r®wkdufyGJrsKd; r[kwf? t&rf;rxifMuESifU) twGuf<br />

igwkdh pdwf"mwfudkaomf vnf;aumif;? ukd,ftm;ukdaomf vnf;aumif; jyKjyifpDrHxm;&rnf/ tjcm;wrsKd;um; igwkdhvGwfvyfa&;<br />

yef;wkdifokdh oGm;aepOf xrf;&aom uRefynm\0efxkyfukd ayghonfxuf ayghatmif jyKjyif&ef jzpfayonf/ xkd0efxkyf<br />

aygh&eftwGuf &Hzef&Hcg igwkYd wuúokdvftufOya' jyifqif&ef tp½Sdojzifh atmf&\/ &Hzef&Hcg oydwfarSmufMu&\/<br />

&Hzef&Hcg ,ckuJhokdY ESD;aESmMu&\/ wuúokdvftuf jyifqifa&;ESifh ajymvkdaomtcsufum; þokdYwnf;/ ,ckvmrnfh<br />

Mo*kwfv vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGif Oya'Murf;ukd roGif;vQif igwkdYtvkd½Sdaom ta&;tBuD;qkH; (wuúokdvfaumifpD<br />

wGif wkdif;jynfbufu vlawGrsm;í wu,fhtmPm tyfESif;&efqkdonfh) tcsufukd r&vQif igwkdYum; qufvufrapmifh<br />

EkdifawmhNyD/ igwkdY ausmif;om;rsm;\ tBuD;qkH;aom vufeufukd tokH;jyK&ayvdrfhrnf/ xkdaMumifh ,cktcguyif<br />

wkdif;jynfESihfwuG oufqkdif&mwkdYtm; ½Sif;vif;pGm pum;qkdayonf/ aemifaomf rqkdaumif;vm;[k tjypfrwifMuapvkd/<br />

txufyg taMumif;t&mwkdYum; igwkYd,ckawGUqkHjcif; igwkdYtoif;taMumif;udk ½Sif;jyjcif;yifjzpf\/ þwGif<br />

137

138<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

igwkdYta&;wGif igwkdYESrawmf ausmif;olrsm;tm; ykdrkdvkdufpm; tm;ay;&ef ajymvkd\/ urÇmt0Srf;ESifhpmvQif Zifuv,frQ<br />

½Sdaom ArmjynfwGif (14) oef;rQ tenf;i,faom vlOD;a&½Sdonfhteuf w0ufcefYrQ½Sdaom igwkdY ArmtrsKd;orD;taygif;<br />

wkdYonf tdrfwGif;rI tvkyfuav;rsm;ESifh ukwfaeí rjzpfEkdifawmh/ ,ciftcgrsm;xuf igwkdh trsKd;orD;rsm;onf ykdrkd<br />

í zswfzswfvwfvwf tjrifus,fus,f trsKd;om;vkyfief;ukd vkyfoifUvSNyD/ uREfkyfum; a½S;t,loefol r[kwf?<br />

rdef;rqkdvQif vifa,mufsm;\ uRefyrmxifaom pdwf,kwfpdwfnUHudk rwkdufwGef; rBudKufESpfouf/ igwdkY jynfokdY<br />

rMumcP vma&mufaom EkdifiHjcm;{nfhonfrsm;uaomf vnf;aumif;? ArmtrsKd;orD;rsm; txl;vGwfvyfaMumif;?<br />

csD;usL; ajymqkdMu\/ pifppfum; tifrwefwdrfaom t,l[k uREkfyfxif\/ uREkfyfwkdY trsKd;orD;rsm;um; tdrfwGif;ykef;<br />

tvkyfukd vufrvGwfMuao;/ xkH;pHawGatmufrSm ydjym;wkef;½Sdao;\/ uREkfyfum; xkH;pHwkdif; raumif;rqkdvkd? taemuf<br />

EkdifiHolawG wkNyD;vQif taemufEkdifiHrSmuJhokdY twGJtu tp½SdonfwkYdukd tm;ray;? rwkdufwGef;vdk? okYd&mwGif usef;rma&;?<br />

wkdifa&;jynfa&;wkdYwGif enf;r[kwfaom £ajE´tvkyfudk tyxm;í ,ckxuf ykdrkdí vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aqmif½GufoifhMu<br />

NyD/ pydefjynfESifh w½kwfjynfwGif acwftajymif;tvJ txl;jrefaeojzifh rdef;rrsm;rSm ppfyif wkdufae&\/ igwdkYArmjynf<br />

wGif igwkdY vGwfvyfa&;twGuf ukd,frif;ukd,fcsif; wyfwwyftjzpfjzifh trsKd;orD;wyf txl;vkdtyfayonf/ xkdYaMumifh<br />

ArmtrsKd;orD;taygif;wkdYtm; ½kdaoorItav;jyKí þtcsufudk av;eufpGmpOf;pm;Mu&ef wkdufwGef;vkduf&ygownf;/<br />

,ckjyifqiftyfaom Auotoif;\ Oya'Murf;ü igwkdY vkdufemrnfh tvkyfpcef;pOfukd azmfjyxm;\/<br />

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139

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vnf; tarArmrS aygufzGm;vmMuolrsm; jzpf\/ tar\wkdif;jynfwGif ae\/ tarhwkdif;jynfu aiGawGudk okH;ae\/<br />

tazhwkdif;jynfwGif oGm;aeonfr[kwf/ ¤if;wkdYonf ,ckrlum; trd\ wkdif;jynfrSmaevsuf tzbufygaeMu\/ okdYaomf<br />

¤if;wkdY trdbufygatmif qGJaqmiff&efrSm wkdYArmawG\ wm0efjzpf\/ ¤if;wkdYtm; owday;&rnf/ trdwkdif;jynfwGif<br />

aevQif trdwkdif;jynfukd rawmfvSefESifh? tzbufygvQif tzwkdif;jynf oGm;aeyg/ pifppf tzwkdif;jynfwGif trdwkdif;jynfrSm<br />

uJhokdY apmfum;cHrnfavm a0;pG? a0;pG/ okdYaMumifh ArmjynfrSmaevQif Armpdwf ½Sd&rnf/<br />

vlli,fausmif;om;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;? wkdYArmocif? ocifrtaygif;wkdYonf vnf;aumif;? toG,foG,faomenf;<br />

wkdUjzifh wkdUArm wkdif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; trsKd;rsKd;aoG;pnf;í aoG;nD&ef? tjrefñSdMu&ayrnf/ ]]wkdYArm? wkdYArm 'gigwkdYArm}}<br />

[ka

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

awmif;qkdMuavonf/ 1919 ckESpfwGif 0kdiftrfbDat<br />

toif;u MuD;rSL; NyD; (az-yk-½Sdef) wkdYukd t*Fvef? tdE´d,<br />

twGif;0efBuD; rGefaw*lxH ukd,fpm;vS,fapvTwfjcif;rSmvnf;<br />

qif;&Jom;tusKd;twGuf r[kwf? Arm"e½Sifynmwwfrsm;<br />

tpkd;&tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif 0ifa&muf cs,fvS,fEkdifcGifh&onfh<br />

'kdiftmcDtkyfcsKyfa&;ukd awmif;qkd&eftwGuf jzpfavonf/<br />

þuJhokdYqlylcJhonfhtwdkif; ,cktcgArmt&m½SdawG tajrmuf<br />

trsm;ay:vmNyD; ]]q,ftdrfacgif;utp bk&ifcHtxd}} qkd<br />

onfh 0g'twkdif; ArmvlrsKd;txJuvnf; bk&ifcHyifjzpfzl;NyD/<br />

ykdufqH½SdNyD; *kPfvkdaeMuonfh Arm"e½Sif v,fykdif½Sifrsm;rSm<br />

vnf; tusÐ&ifbwfrSm pdefw0if;0if;ESifh vTwfawmfrSm<br />

tmus,fEkdifNyD/ xkdaMumifh ArmjynfwGif EkdifiHa&;pvkyfu<br />

wnf;u ,aeYtxd EkdifiHa&;0g'? trsKd;om;a&;onf tjcm;<br />

r[kwf/ (Petty Bourgeois Reaction) ac:onfh "e½SifBuD;<br />

rsm;ukd rauseyfonfh "e½Sifaygufpynmwwfrsm;\ ta&;<br />

om jzpfavonf/ ¤if;wkdYvkyforQ qif;&Jom;rsm;tusKd;<br />

twGuf r[kwfbJ? ¤if;wkdY at;at;csrf;csrf;ae&zdkY tpkd;&<br />

ykdif;wGif 0ifa&muf cs,fvS,fEkdifzkdYom jzpfavonf/ qif;&J<br />

om;rsm;tusKd;ukd vkH;0rvkyf[k rqkdvkd/ odkYaomfvkyforQ<br />

tvkyfuav;rsm;rSm qif;&Jom;rsm;tay: apwemxufoef<br />

pGmESifh vkyfay;jcif;jzifh r[kwfay/ 0ufxrif;ajcmufac&Hoif;yif;ESifhwuG armfawmfum;<br />

pD;NyD; avñSif;cHaeEkdifolrsm;rSm xkdtpkd;& ysufpD;&mysufpD;<br />

aMumif; b,ftcgrSm MuHpnfrnfr[kwf/ xkdaMumihf vuf½Sd<br />

"e½Sif e,fcsJUtpkd;&udk awmfvSef&eftwGuf "e½Sif v,fykdif<br />

½SifBuD;rsm;ukd rnfonfhtcgrQ tm;rukd;Ekdifacs/ NAdwdoQ<br />

e,fcsJUorm;rsm;uvnf; ]]'if;wkdYudk ajr§mufay;rS? 'kdY'DjynfrSm<br />

zifjrJrSm}} qdkonfukd odojzifh ¤if;wkdYtusKd;twGuf pnf;urf;<br />

rsm; Oya'rsm;udk vkyfay;xm;avonf/ xkdaMumifh Arm"e<br />

½Sifaygufprsm;uvnf; vuf½Sdtpkd;& a&csrf;tkd;BuD;rsm;<br />

ayGU&ovkd? ykdufayGUxm;Muavonf/<br />

ArmU*kPfvm;<br />

OD;azarmifwif ygarmu©b0u ausmif;tkyfBuD;jzpfjcif;?<br />

OD;quf 'kwd,t"dywdjzpfjcif;? qmjrbl; w&m;0efBuD;jzpf<br />

jcif;? a*s-atarmifBuD; ig;axmifpm;um bk&ifcHwufjzpf<br />

jcif;wkdYukd tcsKdUu Armh*kPf[lí atmufarhayvdrfhrnf/<br />

þ*kPfawG? rmeawGu ArmvlrsKd;ukd owfaeonfukd owd<br />

&zkdY oifhayNyD/ a½S;u ArmvlrsKd;rsm; ajrBuD;ay: ajcaxmuf<br />

NyD; rkd;ay:armfhMunfhaeonfhtwGuf ajray:rSm b,fvkdjyKjyif<br />

ajymif;vJonfukd rodvkdufbJESifh EkdifiHjcm;om;awGu vnf<br />

yif;0ifñSpfonfukd cHae&onf r[kwfygavm/<br />

qif;&Jom;rsm; tajctae<br />

Armt&m½Sdrsm;? Arm"e½Sifrsm;ponhf vufwqkyfrQ<br />

aom vlenf;pkwkdY pnf;pdrfESifh aeEkdifaomfvnf; vlOD;a&wGif<br />

(90) ausmf&mEIef;rQ½Sdonfh qif;&Jom;tvkyform;? v,fo<br />

rm;awGrSm iwfjrJ? jywfjrJyif jzpfaeMuavonf/ qefwef<br />

csdef oef;csDxGufonfh ArmjynfwGif qif;&Jom;rsm;rSm eHeuf<br />

pm? npmrSefatmif rpm;Mu&/ t0wftwGufrSmvnf; t½Suf<br />

vkH½kHyif tEkdifEkdif0wf½SmMu&onf/ aexkdif&onfhtdrfrSmvnf;<br />

wd&pämefESifhrjcm; aexkdifMu&ojzifh usef;rma&;rSmvnf;<br />

pdwfysufzG,fyif jzpfawmhonf/<br />

EkdifiHa&; vkkyfief;tppf<br />

EkdifiHa&;tppf vlOD;a&trsm;qkH;jzpfonfh awmol? awmif<br />

om;rsm; vlwef;aphaeEkdif&ef (1) tpm;tpm? (2) t0wf?<br />

(3) aetdrf? (4) ynma&;? (5) usef;rma&; ponfh<br />

tcsufBuD; (5) csufjzpf\/ þtcsufBuD; (5) csuf jynfhpkH<br />

atmif BudK;pm;&ayvdrfhrnf/<br />

vGwfvyfa&;twGuf<br />

ArmjynfwGif tvsifu EkdifiHa&;ukd aqmif½GufchJolawG<br />

,ck ¤if;wdkY pcef;odrf;NyD/ rdrdwkdY vdkbjynfhpkHonfhtwGuf<br />

rdrdwkdYtm; at;at;csrf;csrf; aeEkdifcGifhay;onfh "e½Sife,fcsJU<br />

pepfukd wnfwHhatmif vkyfaeMuNyD/ xkdYaMumifh vuf½Sdpepf<br />

ukd awmfvSefokwfoifypf&eftwGuf vlvkdrae& xrif;00<br />

rpm;&onfh qif;&Jom;rsm;u aqmif½GufMuvdrfhrnf/<br />

ausmif;om;vkyfief;<br />

þuJhokdY awmifolv,form;? qif;&Jom;awGu "e½Sif<br />

pepfukd wGef;vSefNzdKzsufonfhtcg ausmif;om;rsm;u ulnD<br />

a½SUaqmifMuvdrfhrnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSm qif;&Jom;rsm;uJh<br />

okdY xrif;iwfpm&if;0ifrnfholrsm; jzpfMuavonf/ ausmif;<br />

aepOf rdbykdufqHjzKef;NyD; xrif;00 pm;aeEkdifaomfvnf;<br />

ausmif;uxGufvQif tvkufvufrJhausmif;om;rsm;ESifh xrif;<br />

r0onfh qif;&Jom;awG pk½kH;aygif;pnf;&ayvdrfhrnf/ þuJh<br />

okdY e,fcsJUpepfukd wkdufckdufonfhtcg Armjynfuav; uGuf<br />

uGufomrMunfhbJ wurÇmvkH;ukdjcHKMunfhum tvkyfvkyfMu&<br />

ayvdrfhrnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qif;&Jom;taygif;wkdY NzdK<br />

zsufokwfoif&rnfh e,fcsJUpepfBuD;rsm;rSm wurÇmvkH;udk 0g;<br />

rsKdae&m ArmjynfuJhodkY þpepfqkd;BuD;\ zdpD;ESdyfpufcsufudk<br />

cHaeMu&aom tjcm;wkdif;jynfrsm;½Sd tvkyform;? qif;&Jom;<br />

rsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;wkdUESifhvnf; yl;aygif;Mu&ayvdrfhrnf/<br />

vGwfvyfa&; (2) rsKd;<br />

vGwfvyfa&;qkd&mü EkdifiHa&;vGwfvyfrIukdom rMunfh<br />

bJ? vlwkdif;vlwdkif; nDwlnDrQ vlwef;aphaeEkdifonfh avmu<br />

opfBuD; wnfaxmif&efukdvnf; tqkH;pGef &nf½G,fcsufxm;&<br />

ayvdrfhrnf jzpfaMumif;/<br />

A[def;<br />

143

144<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(w) Auo? wuo Ouú| ukdatmifqef;\ ausmif;ydwf&ufvkyfief;wm0ef vufrSwfygrl<br />

10th September 1938<br />

Dear ----------------------,<br />

As the college is to be closed, would you please held in to get a list of students who would<br />

volunteer to do some work in the districts when they get back there? Further I should be very much<br />

obliged if any student is forth coming to stay out in Rangoon <strong>and</strong> the help us expedite our work.<br />

The work for volunteers in the districts is not at all heavy. All they have to do is to get<br />

necessary information from us, to explain about our decision to the students <strong>and</strong> people in their<br />

respective places to help form students union <strong>and</strong> volunteer corps <strong>and</strong> guide then with your advice<br />

in consultation with us here while you remain there.<br />

For these who can afford to remain in Rangoon, they will be mostly correspondence,<br />

propang<strong>and</strong>a <strong>and</strong> other odd jobs.<br />

Pleas let me know the list of such students by tomorrow so that we may make necessary<br />

arrangements for the Thadingyut Vacation.<br />

Yours Sincerely,<br />

Aung San<br />

President, Rangoon University Student Union<br />

(x) cGyfacgif;tvH teDatmufcH? a&T0ga&mif cGyfa'gif;okH;pGJyHk (1938 twGJ- 7? trSwf- 1 tkd;a0)<br />

Union Flag - Last year flying of the peacock flag was not allowed <strong>and</strong> the our writes passed a resolution<br />

to the effect that flag, whose design was not approved of by then must be flown. Yet, when<br />

we adopted our present design i.e. a fighting peacock <strong>and</strong> a red background we were at<br />

a loss of attitude <strong>and</strong> the part of the authorities who approve that design.<br />

(') 1938 &efukefwuúokdvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf (rlMurf;) udpö<br />

1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwfNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wuúokdvf tufOya'jyifqif&ef<br />

tjyif;txef aqmif½GufcJhMuonf/ jrbl;aumfwDudk 1936? arv (1) &ufaeYwGif zGJUpnf;NyD;aemuf ¤if;aumfrwDonf<br />

wuúokdvfbGJU&ausmif;om;rsm;? EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh vlxkqE´rsm;udk avhvmpkHprf;chJonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDonf 1937?<br />

azazmf0g&Dv? (24) &ufaeYwGif NyD;pD;cJhonf/ {NyDvwGif tpD&ifcHpm rlMurf;xkwfjyefcJh&m ausmif;om;rsm; rausreyf<br />

jzpfcJh&NyD; qE´jycJh&onf/ ukdatmifqef;ESifh ukd&m½SpfwkdY yg0ifaom 'kwd,tMudrf rEÅav;uGefz&ifhrS zGJUpnf;cJhaom<br />

wuúokdvftufOya'jyifqifa&; aumfrwDuvnf; uefYuGufcJhonf/<br />

jrbl;aumfrwD\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsufxJwGif ausmif;om;rsm;awmfvSefa&;rvkyfbJ? NidrfoufpGmawmif;<br />

qkdrIrsm;jyKvkyf&ef yg0ifavonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> (okdUr[kwf) ausmif;om;rsm;onf wuúokdvftkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yg0ifcGifh&vm<br />

Muonf/ vkyfykdifcGifh tmPmukdvnf; ausmif;tkyfBuD;rSwqifh wuúokdvf\aiGaMu;ESifh vkyfykdifcGifhtm;vkH;udk tpkd;&qDrS<br />

wuúokdvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYonf a½G;cs,fwifajr§muf&ef yg½Sdvmonf/ ¤if;tzGJYonf 'Drkdua&pDenf;vrf;wus tkyfcsKyf&ef<br />

yg½Sd avonf/<br />

jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm xGufay:vmNyD;aemuf a'gufwmbarmfonf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awGUqkHcJhNyD;<br />

1920 yxrausmif;om;oydwfu wuúokdvftufOya'jyifqif&ef awmif;qkdcsuftwkdif; jyifqifay;cJhNyD;jzpfonf[k<br />

ajymqkdcJhonf/ okdYaomf ukdatmifqef;wkdY\ wuúokdvftufOya' jyifqifa&;tzGJU\ awmif;qkdcsufrsm; rygcJhay/<br />

ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ awmif;qkdcsuft& 1938 ckESpf ausmif;om;vTwfawmfwGif ausmif;om;trsm;pk\<br />

qE´t& jyifqifrI jyKvkyfay;&ef oabmwlcJhonf/<br />

1938 ckESpfonf ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ ta&;BuD;aomESpf jzpfvmonf/ jrbl;tpD&ifcHpmonf NAdwdoQ

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tifyg,mukd xdef;odrf; apmihfa½Smufovkdjzpfonf/ xkd YaMumifh AuoESifh wuoonf pdwf"mwfjyif;xefNyD; trsKd;om;a&;<br />

pdwfwuf

146<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

pmapmifü a'gufwmbarmftqkdukd uefYuGuf&ef ygvmonf/ a'gufwmbarmfu ¤if;uwdukd xdef;NyD; tqkdwifoGif;<br />

rnf[k ausmif;om;trsm;pku arQmfvifhaeMuonf/ ¤if;wkdY 'kdYArmpmapmifxJwGif a'gufwmbarmf vufa0cHwkdYu<br />

ukdatmifqef;udk xkwfypf&ef ausmif;om;trsm;pku arQmfvifhaeMuonf/<br />

pufwifbm (5) &ufaeY owif;pmtm;vkH;wGif AuoESifh wuo yl;wGJtpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfNyD; ¤if;jrbl;<br />

jyifqifcsufukd uefYuGufaMumif;ygvmonf/ (The Sun) owif;pmwGif ukdatmifqef;\ jrbl;tufOya'jyifqifa&;udk<br />

tb,faMumifh pGefYy,f&ovJqkdonfh aqmif;yg;ygavonf/<br />

xkdaeY aeYvnf A[kdxrif;pm;cef;ü ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;BuD; usif;yvkdufonf/ ¤if;ausmif;om;xk<br />

tpnf;ta0;rS-<br />

(1) wuúokdvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> oif;vkH;uRwftpnf;ta0;BuD; csufcsif;ac:ay;zkdY awmif;qkd&ef/<br />

(2) oif;vkH;uRwftpnf;ta0;rSm trIaqmiftzGJYudk t,kHtMunfr½Sd tqkdwifoGif;NyD; jzKwfcsypf&ef/<br />

tqkd (2) &yfukd uefYuGufolr½SdbJ qkH;jzwfvkdufonf/ ¤if;tqkdukd udkat;csKdESifhtzGJUu wifoGif;cJhjcif;<br />

jzpfonf/ aemufwaeYwGif udkatmifqef;ESihf tvkyftrIaqmif tzGJU0ifwkdYonf e*g;eDpmtkyfwkdufokdY a&muf½SdvmNyD;<br />

ukdEkESifh wkdifyifonf/<br />

ukdatmifqef;u ]]ausmif;om;awG odyfNyD; tkH

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(") wuúokdvf Oya'Murf;udk tb,faMumifh pGefYy,fvkduf&oenf;<br />

("-1) pufwifbm (5) &ufaehowif;pmrsm;wGif Ouú|ukdatmifqef;\ rsKd;cspftrwfwkdhtm; wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfcsuf<br />

AuoESifh wuo (2) oif; trIaqmifrsm;jzpfaom uRefawmfwkdYonf eufjzef pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfrnf jzpfaom<br />

wuúokdvfOya'Murf;udk y,fcs&ef wkdif;cspftrwftaygif;wkdYtm; wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfvkduf&ygaMumif;/<br />

þwkdufwGef;EId;aqmf&mwGif usaemfwkdYonf (2) ESpfcGJausmf MudK;pm;aqmif½Gufí &½SdvmcJhaom wuúokdvf<br />

Oya'Murf;ukd rBuKdufrESpfoufí r[kwfbJ xkdOya'Murf;ukd twnfjzpfvQif EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;\oabmudk vkdufavsm<br />

aeaom ,ckvuf½Sd ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&ukd MunfndKonf[k jy&ma&mufrnfpdk;ojzifh txl;0rfenf;pGmESifhyif rvkdtyfaom<br />

qkH;jzwfcsufudk xkwfjyefvdkuf&aMumif;/<br />

wuúokdvfOya'Murf;udk pwifwifoGif;aom Mo*kwfv (25) &ufaeYrS pí ,aeYtxd ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&\<br />

ajcvSrf;onf wkdif;jynftm; omíomí epfvmp&m jzpfvmayaMumif;/<br />

uRefawmfwkdY ausmif;om;rsm;onf ñGefUaygif;tpdk;&\ wnfwHh&m wnfwHhaMumif;jzpfapaom EkdifiHjcm;om;<br />

wkdY\rJukd csdef½G,fí tcsdefqGJxm;onfudk awGU&aMumif;/<br />

,ckwzef rvkdvm;tyfaom ukvm;-Arm½dkufyGJudpöonf xyfrHjzpfay:vm&m xkdodkYjzpf&jcif;twGuf ñGefYaygif;<br />

tpkd;&\ wm0efruif;[kxifjrifp&m taMumif;rsm;pGm ay:aygufaeonfukd awGU½Sd&ayonf/ wkdif;jynf\ tusKd;ESifh<br />

pmvQif tao;tzGJrQomjzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;\ tusKd;udkom jzpfxGef;aprnfh wuúokdvfOya'Murf;ukd a½SU½Iaeí<br />

aeygwrlum; uRefawmfwkdY wkdif;jynftm; tusKd;,kwfapaom ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&tm; MunfndKonf[k jy&ma&mufonfh<br />

tjyif wkdif;jynftm; uRefawmfwkdYyg tm;ay;ESdyfpufaeonfESifhtvm; usa&mufrnf jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

okdYjzpfygaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYonf tvGefaMuuGJvSpGmaom pdwfESvkH;om;jzifh wkdif;jynf\ tusKd;udkom<br />

a½SU½Ií usaemfwkdYtusKd;udk rMunfh½IbJ txufyg rvdkvm;tyfaom qkkH;jzwfcsufudk wkdif;jynftm;od½Sd&ef aMunm<br />

ygaMumif;/<br />

þokdYqkH;jzwf&mwGif ñGefYaygif;0efBuD;csKyftzGJUwGif yg0ifaom rnfoludkrQ yk*¾v"dXmefrxm;bJ "r®"d|mef<br />

tm;jzifhomvQif jyKvkyf&jcif; jzpfayaMumif;/<br />

("-2) AuoESifU wuo trIaqmifwkdh\ jyefwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf<br />

1938 ck? pufwifbmv (4) &ufaeY? n (8) em&D tcsdefcefYwGif ta&;wMuD;ac:tyfaom txufyg<br />

toif;trIaqmif (2) zGJU tpnf;ta0;u wuúokdvfjyifqifa&; Oya'Murf;ESifhywfoufí pufwifbm (5) &ufaeY<br />

ol&d,ESifh jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;aMunmonfhtwkdif; qkH;jzwf twnfjyKvkdufaMumif;/ xkdqkH;jzwf<br />

csufjyK&m vGefcJhaom ESpfESpfausmfumvu aqmfMovmcJhorQ taMumif;pkH ,ckvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; rjyKvkyfrDu<br />

pí txufyg qkH;jzwfcsufjyKaom tcsdeftxd Oya'Murf; twnfjzpf&mjzpfaMumif; MudK;pm;vmcJhorQ tjzpfawGukd<br />

uRefawmfwkdYonf aphapha&í pOf;pm;rdygaMumif;/ xkdokdY pOf;pm;rdykHukd o½kyfay:ap&ef tvkdYiSm rusOf;rus,f &mZ0if<br />

cif;í jyygthhhH/<br />

&efukefwuúokdvf Oya'ukd 1920 twnfjyKpOfuyif rausreyfjzpfí ausmif;om;trsm; oydwfarSmuf<br />

udpöjzpfcJhonfukd trsm;todyifjzpf\/ xkdodkY trsm;jynfol rMunfjzL rvkdvm;tyfaom Oya'ukd 1924 ckESpfwGif<br />

xyfrH jyifqifcJhaomfvnf; tvGeftajymif;tvJjrefaom þurÇmESifh EIdif;,SOfaomtcg auseyfzG,f r[kwfonfrSm<br />

odom xif½Sm;vmaMumif;/ xkdYaMumifhyif 1936 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv? (25) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvfu tpjyKí<br />

wzefausmif;om;rsm; oydwfudpö ay:aygufvmayaMumif;/ xkdoydwfudpö wr[kwfjzpfjcif; taMumif;uav;onf<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> toif;Ouú|tm; ausmif;xkwfcH&onfrS pí jzpfonf[k tay:,HrQ vlwkdif;od½SdaMumif;? okdY&mwGif<br />

trSefpifppfum; xkdoydwfudpö\ taMumif;&if;onf ,ck\ jyqkdtyfaom taMumif;uav;xuf ydkrkdeufeJay\/<br />

(1) &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;onf wuúodkvfpepf em;vnfolrsm;ESifhwuG trsm;jynfolwkdYyg od½Sdonfh<br />

twkdif; &efukefwuúodkvf wausmif;wkdufvkH;wGif ta&;ygt&ma&mufqkH;aom ausmif;om;rsm;toif;<br />

jzpfonfhtaMumif;ukd txl;½Sif;vif;p&m rvkday/ xkdrQ BuD;us,fí ta&;yg t&ma&mufaomtoif;\<br />

Ouú|um; xkdpOftcgu ukdEk jzpf\/ ukdEk bDatNyD;í ausmif;xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf trsKd;om;ausmif;q&m<br />

BuD; tjzpfjzifh okH;cG? yef;waemf tp½Sdaom NrdKUrsm;wGif (5) ESpfrQ tvkyfvkyfukdifcJhol jzpf\/ xkdrSwzef<br />

ausmif;okdY jyefvmí Oya'ynmukd xyfrHoif,l&m touftm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? 0gtm;jzifh vnf;<br />

147

148<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aumif; &ifhoefolwOD; jzpf\/ ta&;ygqkH;aom ausmif;om;rsm;toif;Ouú| jzpfvmonfhtcg Armjynf<br />

&mZ0ifwGif rMuHKzl;atmif ¤if;tm; aemufqkH;ESpfukef toif;tpnf;ta0;wGif ajymtyfaom pum;tcsuf<br />

wkdYaMumifh xkdpOfu ausmif;tkyfMuD; rpöwmpavmhu ausmif;rS ESifxkwfypfvkdufonf/ taMumif;pkHukd<br />

½Sif;aomf ½Snfvsm;rnfjzpf\/ twkdcsKyfaomf ukdEkum; rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwf xufoefol wOD;jzpfí wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;wkduf wwkdufvkH;wGif xkdtcsdef? xdktcgxd MuD;pkd;vsuf½Sdaom rpöwmpavmhESifh tazmfyg taemuf<br />

wdkif;om;wkdY cs,fvS,faejcif;? ¤if;wkdY trsKd;yifvQif wwkdif;jynfvkH;tm; vTrf;aejcif;wkdYudk txl;rcH&yf<br />

Ekdifjzpfojzifh tmabmiftm&if; oefoefjzifh qlolylol jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;tm; tcsuf&NyD[k xif&aom<br />

tcsdefü ausmif;rS xkwfypfvdkufjcif; jzpf\/ xkdodkY jzpf&jcif;onf ausmif;om;rsm;\ pdwfwGif wuúodkvf<br />

Oya'\ csKdU,Gif;csufaMumifh[k ,lqMu\/ ,lqonfhtwkdif;vnf; 1936 oydwfarSmuf udpöwGif<br />

awmif;qkdcsuf eHygwf (1) um; wuúodkvf Oya'udk jyifqif&ef qdkaom tcsufyifjzpf\/ okdYawmif;qkd<br />

vifhupm; rnDñGwfaom taMumif;rsm;pGmwkdYaMumifh wuúodkvfpkHprf;a&; Oya'aumfrwDudk zGJYpnf;jcif;<br />

rSwyg;? wuúodkvfjyifqifa&;udpöonf a½SUokdY xkdYxufrwkd;bJ ½SdcJhayaMumif;/<br />

(2) xkdokdY rwkd;EkdifbJ½Sdaomfvnf; uRefawmfwkdYonf rqkwfrepfaom vkHYvjzifh ArmEkdifiHvkH;½Sd ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;ukd wvkH;wpnf;wnf; jzpf&ef (2) ESpfausmf BudK;pm;aqmif½GufcJhí uRefawmfwkdY\qEúdk tcGifhMuHKwkdif;<br />

jycJhayaMumif;/ Oyrm txufwGif azmfjycJhaom wuúodkvfOya'pkHprf;a&;tzGJUokdY uRefawmfwkdY\ xifjrif<br />

csufrsm;ukd a&;om;ay;ykdYcJhayaMumif;/ xkdYaemuf xkdtzGJU (jrbl;aumfrwD) tpD&ifcHpm rxGufrD (2)<br />

Mudrfajrmuf rEÅav;uGefz&ifhüvnf; wuúodkvfOya'jyifqif&ef udpöESifhywfoufí qkH;jzwfcsuf wck<br />

cscJhaMumif;/ xkdokdYqkH;jzwfcsuf wck cscJhaMumif;/ xdkokdYqkH;jzwfcJhonfhtcg wkdif;jynfbufrS em;&nf<br />

yg;&nf0aom wuúodkvfjyifqifa&;tzGJUi,f wckzGJUí tpD&ifcHpmESifh ywfoufí xifjrifcsuftpkHukd<br />

wkdif;jynfESifh wuG tpkd;&tm; wESpfvkH; wjynfvkH;wGif odomxif½Sm;apcJhaMumif;/<br />

(3) xkdrS wwd,tBudrfajrmuf ykodrfuGefz&ifhwGif ,ckESpf Mo*kwfv vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif wuúodkvf<br />

Oya'udk tNyD;tjywf jyifqif&ef qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfcJhaMumif;/ csrSwfonfhtwkdif; aqmif½Gufrnfht"dXmef<br />

ESifh uRefawmfwdkY onf tNrdKUNrdKU oGm;a&muf vSnhfvnfum w&m;a[mcJhavonf/ xkdYaemuf tpkd;&u<br />

zdwfMum;csuftwkdif; wuúodkvf Oya'jyifqifa&;ESifh ywfoufí usif;ytyfaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif<br />

vnf; uRefawmfwkdY\qEúkd jyEkdiforQjyí awmif;EkdiforQ awmif;cJhaMumif;? xkdrS uRefawmfwkdY aemufqkH;<br />

aMunmcsufjyKaom tcsdefxd uRefawmfwkdY aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;onf wkdif;jynfodyif jzpfaMumif;/<br />

("-3) 1938 ck? pufwifbmv? (6) &ufaeh wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>"r®m½kHwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;ta0;wGif<br />

Ouú| udkatmifqef;ajymaom rdefhcGef;<br />

aumif;NyD/ 'gjzifh bmaMumifh onfavmuf vkyfxm;wJh Oya'Murf;ukd rsufpdwrSdwf? vQyfwjyuftwGif;<br />

bmaMumifh y,f&ovJ? usKyfwkdY ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&ukd rauseyfEkdifvGef;vkdY taMumif;jzpfay:vmwmuawmh wjrefaeY<br />

nae (7) em&Davmufu jzpfay:vmwJhtaMumif;u? cifAsm;wkdYvnf; odwJhtwkdif; ukvm;-Arm½dkufyGJ jyefpwm[m<br />

ukvm;&yfuGufu pw,f/ 'gayr,fh Arm&yfuGufrSmom ykvdyfu wm;w,f/ 'Dawmh[m pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ ñGefYaygif;<br />

tpkd;& rvGefvm;vkdY/ vGefwmrvGefwm ta&;rBuD;bl;? onfudpöu onfwifrat;awmhbl; ñGefYaygif;½IdUwJh rD;[m<br />

ñGefYaygif; rEkdifawmh usKyfwkdY 'Dvkd½kdufyGJawGqdkwm tusKd;r½SdbJ? usKyfwkdY&JU wu,ftusKd;½Sd&m tvkyfawG ysuf&w,f/<br />

tu,fíom Armjynf&JU vGwfvyfa&;&r,fqkd&if usKyf[m 0g;udkifNyD; a½SUqkH;u wufNyD; vlowfzdkY rcJ,Of;bl;/<br />

okdY&mwGif 'DvkdtusKd; r½SdwJhtvkyfukd usKyfrvkyfvkdbl;/ onfta&; NyD;apcsifw,f/ 'gayr,fh ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&&JU<br />

rvdr®mrIaMumifh tckjzpfukefMuNyD/ xyfvJ jzpfNyD/ onfrD;at;zkdY&m[m ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& r½SdrS jzpfr,f/<br />

tJonfhawmh onfrSm ar;p&m½Sdw,f/ ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& qkd;wm tckrS odovm;vkdY/ pifppft&yfuvnf;<br />

odw,f/ tvkyform;oydwfudpöawG tp½SdwJhudpöawGrSm odcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Davmufrqdk;wefbl;vdkY atmufarh<br />

cJJhw,f/ tckawmh usKyfwkdYawGU&w,f/ wckck aumif;wmvkkyfcsif&if qefYiif? qefYiifeJY ukvm;rJ? t*FvdyfrJ Munfhae&<br />

w,f/ 'gwifvm; tckjzpfwJh t"du½kPf;udpörSm ykvdyfawGu e,fawGrSm apmfum;vkdY txl;tjypfwifcH&w,fqkdwm<br />

cifAsm;wkdY todbJ/ usKyfwkdY Oya'Murf; udpörSmawmif w&uf? ESpf&ufwnf;eJY NyD;zkdY tvkyfudk tcsdefykdqGJcJh&wm[m<br />

onft*FvdyftrwfawG vIHYaqmfcsufaMumifh? t*Fvdyfq&mawG&J U MoZmaMumifh jzpfw,f/ onfvkdjzpfwJh ckeajymwJhtwkdif;<br />

ukvm;-Arm ½dkufyGJawG xyfpwm ukvm;&yfuGufrS pNyD;jzpfw,f/ Arm&yfuGufrSmoGm;NyD; ykvdyfwm;&w,f qkdwm[m

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ñGefYaygiftpkd;&onf wkdif;jynftm; ajceJYuefw,fqdkwm txl;xif½Sm;aeNyD/<br />

onfvkdtpkd;&udk usKyfwkdY umuG,fNyD; usKyfwkdY&JU Oya'Murf;av;&atmif ,lr,fqkdygpkdY/ usKyfwkdYukd wkdif;jynf<br />

b,fvkdxifrvJ? tu,fí r&bl;wJh/ b,fvkd vkyfrvJ/ usKyfwkdY oydwfarSmufMuwJhtcg usKyfwkdYajym&vdrfhr,f?<br />

tpkd;&uawmh vkyfay;wmyJvkdY? onfawmh wkdif;jynfu usKyfwkdYudk ajymvdrfhr,f? rif;wdkYu 'Dtpkd;& aumif;w,f<br />

ajymw,f/ igwkdYawmh acgif;jym;atmif teif;cHae&ygvm;qkdNyD; usKyfwkdYudk tMunfndKysufr,f/ aumif;NyD tMunftndK<br />

ysufNyDqkdygawmh usKyfwkdY bmvkyfrvJ/ usKyfwkdY wkdif;jynfrSm MuD;NyD; wkdif;jynfukd rSD&w,f/ usKyfwkdY oydwfarSmufcsif&if<br />

wkdif;jynfukd tultnDawmif;&w,f/ usKyfwkdY tcktxd Oya'Murf;ukdjzpfatmif vkyf&w,f qkdwmuvnf; wkdif;jynfu<br />

tm;ay;w,f qkdwmodzdkY r[kwfvm;/ ukdif; usKyfwkdYu wkdif;jynfrSm tn§Of;cHae&wJhtcgrSm rMunfh&if usKyfwkdY<br />

tvSnfhMuawmh wkdif;jynfu MunfhygtkH;rvm;/ cifAsm;wkdY 'Dausmif;rSm ½SdwJhq&mawG ESdyfpufcsifwkdif; ESdyfpuf?<br />

&ufpufcsifwkdif; &ufpufvkdY wkdifp&m tm;udk;p&m ½SmcsifwJhvkdY ½Sd&if tJonfawmh cifAsm;wkdY b,foloGm; tm;ukd;MuvJ/<br />

tJ'gawGudk usKyfwkdY jrifvkdYrkdY? usKyfwkdYonfvdk qkd;wJh ñGefUaygif;tpkd;&ay;wJh Oya'Murf;ukd tpkHrvkdcsifbl;/<br />

wkdif;jynf emaew,fqkdNyD; y,fvkdufw,f/ y,fvkdufawmh b,fES,fhjzpfEkdifovJ/ tkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'xkH;wrf;t& tpkd;&<br />

xGufay;&r,f/ uaeY vTwfawmftpnf;ta0; tjypftwkdif;awmh Oya'Murf;udk tpkd;&u rwifoGif;&Jbl;/ Mum;bl;&JU<br />

vm; tcktpkd;&u &mxl;u qif;ray;ao;ayr,fh usKyfwkdYu wkdif;jynfbufu vlr[kwfawmhbl;/ usKyfwkdY Oya'Murf;<br />

½IH;rSmpkd;vkdY roGif;&Jawmhygbl;vdkY qkdvkdufNyD/ rSefwmvkyf&if usKyfwkdY tckcifAsm;wkdYudk ½Sif;jy&Jovkd? awGU&Jovkd olwdkY rawG U&Jbl;?<br />

'gu ta½SUukd ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&[m ajymif;vJypf&r,f/ jzKwf&ifvnf; jzKwf&r,f/ onfESpfvrf; wvrf;yJ ½Sdawmhw,f/<br />

Oya'Murf; taMumif;ukd usKyfqufajymtkH;r,f/ usKyfwkdYvufiif;Oya' r&ayr,fh b,fenf;eJY rqkd<br />

aemuf jyef&Ekdifw,f/ usKyfwkdY&r,fqkdvkdY ck&cgeD;aeNyD/ tJovkd usKyfwdkY qEóm½Sdygap/ Oya'ukd &rSmyJ/ ½Sif;jytkH;r,f/<br />

tck ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& jyKwfvkdY aemufwufwJh tpkd;&[m ñGefYaygif;xuf raumif;awmif rqdk;bl;qkdwm usKyfajym<br />

&Jw,f/ onftpkd;&rSmaum bmhaMumifh 'Dxufraumif;awmif onfxuf rqdk;wJh Oya'r&bJ ½Sd&rSmvnf;/ aumif;NyD<br />

ñGefYaygif; rjyKwfbl;qkdygawmh/ ('gujzpfrSm cJ,Of;ygw,f/) bmjzpfovJ/ (Private Member's Bill) woD;yk*¾v<br />

trwfwkdY Oya'Murf;tjzpf wifEdkifwmyJ/ pifppfvlwkdYvkyfwJh tvkyf[m wkdif;jynfwjynfvkH; aumif;zkdYvkyfwJh tvkyf<br />

jzpfaum/ tu,fí usKyfwkdYvkyfwJhtwkdif; wrsKd;wrnf ajymif;vJNyD; aumif;vm&if wkdif;jynfu usKyfwkdYukdwkd;NyD;<br />

MunfndKNyD;? usKyfwdkY tusKd;½SdzdkYyJ r[kwfvm;/ tJwmawG pOf;pm;apcsifw,f/<br />

("-4) Auo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ukdA[def;\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf<br />

pufwifbmv (4) &ufaeY? naetxd igwkdYonf Oya'Murf; twnfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;vsuf½Sd<br />

Muayao;onf/ okdY&mwGif xkdaeYnaeü ½kwfw&uf a½Smifwcif jzpfay:vmaom ukvm;-Arm t"du½kPf;onf<br />

igwkdY\ pdwfudk wrsKd;wrnf ajymif;vJapcJh\/ igwkdY ESpfESpfausmf vkH;yrf;vmcJh&aom xkdOya'Murf;vkyfief;udk<br />

&yfqkdif;apcJh\/ ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&onf rsufESmjzLESifh ukvm;rJukd jr§Lvkdojzifh Armqif;&Jom;rsm;tm; vnfrsKdn§pfcJh<br />

&onfukd igwkdY tcgcgodchJ awGUcJhMu&\/ okdYaomf igwkdY onf;cHcJhMu\/ EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJ rnfolrnf0g<br />

tpkd;& jzpfrI? rjzpfrIwkdYrSm igwkdYeJYrqkdif oabmxm;cJh\/ okdYaomf t"du½kPf;udpöwGif ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&onf ppfykvdyf<br />

rsm;udk ukvm;rsm;twGufom apmifha½SmufapcJhjcif; jzpfojzifh wkdif;jynfu pGyfpGJaeaom ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& tay:wGif<br />

xm;cJhaom igwkdY\ onf;cHpdwfwkdYrSm wcgwnf; NydKvJawmh\/ ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& rvdr®mrIaMumifh wkdif;jynfwGif ½Sif<br />

vltrsm; toufqkH;½IH;&\/ rsufESmjzLrJukd tm;udk; touf½Sifae&aom ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&onf a&eHajr tvkyform;rsm;<br />

oydwfudpöwGif rsufESmjzL bDtkdpDbufudk rsufESmajymifajymifxm;um vkdufcJh\/ aemufqkH; ,ckvTwfawmfwGif qif;&Jom;<br />

rsm;\ touf½SLcGifh&rnfh (L<strong>and</strong> Alienation Bill, L<strong>and</strong> Tenancy Bill) v,form;r[kwfol v,frykdifcGifh Oya'<br />

Murf;ESifh v,foD;pm;Oya'Murf;wkdYudk ukvm;rsufESmjzL v,fykdif½SifBuD;rsm;ukd iJh&aomaMumifh &uftuefYtowfr½Sd<br />

a½TUqdkif;vkduf&\/ þArmqif;&Jom;rsm; tay:wGif &ufpufaom ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&onf tb,faMumifh igwkdY<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; tBudKufudk vkdufavsmchJavoenf;/ þar;cGef;ukd igwkdYonf eufeJpGm pOf;pm;aomtcg atmufyg<br />

tajzudk &ayonf/<br />

(1) ausmif;om;tpnf;t½kH;onf vTwfawmftjyifbufwGif tckdifrmqkH;? tqlylqkH;? ta&;ygqkH; jzpfonfudk<br />

ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& od\/ ausmif;om;rsm; wkdif;jynf\tcspfawmfrsm;jzpfonfudk ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& od\/<br />

pifppftm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tpnf;t½kH;\ oabmxm;onf ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&tay:wGif wrsKd;wzkH<br />

ajymif;vJp&m ½Sday\/<br />

149

150<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(2) ausmif;om;tpnf;t½kH;udk ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&onf aMumufvefY\/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf r[kwfrcH?<br />

ZGwfw½Gwf vkyfrnfudk taotcsmod\/ ausmif;om;rsm;oydwfarSmufvQif tpkd;&\ wm0efvkH;vkH;<br />

jzpf\/ txl;ojzifh wkdif;jynfwGif rausreyf vIyfvIyf½Sm;½Sm; jzpfaeaomtcgwGif ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

qlylvdkufu ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&wnfwHha&;udk txl;xdckdufrnf jzpf\/ xdkodkY tajzxGufvmaomtcg<br />

igwkdY a½SUarSmufwGif vrf;ESpfoG,fonf wr[kwfcsif; ay:aygufvm\/<br />

(3) igwkdY Oya'Murf;jzifh tom;,lcg Armqif;&Jom;rsm;udk xyfrHvnfrsKdñSpf&ef MuHaeaom ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&<br />

bufudk vkdufrnfvm; (0g) ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&u igwkdYtm; vufukdifwkwfjyKvkyfcg Armqif;&Jom;rsm;tm;<br />

xyfrHn§Of;;qJrnfudk igwkdYonf rsufaphpHkrSdwfum auseyfaernfavm/<br />

(4) okdYr[kwf igwkdYonf Armqif;&Jom;rsm;\ rdwfaqG? Armqif;&Jom;rsm;\ tm;ukd;&mtjzpfudk jyrnfavm<br />

(0g) Armqif;&Jom;rsm;\ &efolñGefYaygif;tpdk;&u vdrfÓPfESifh ay;tyfaom Oya'Murf;udk jiif;qef<br />

y,fcsrnfavm/<br />

igwkdYonf wkdif;jynf\ vljzpf\/ igwkdYonf igwkdY\ wukd,faumif;tusKd;ukd arQmfukd;um Armqif;&Jom;rsm;<br />

epfemaeonfudk r½IpdrfhEkdif? pifppfaomfum; igwkdY toif;tyif;tpnf;t½kH;rsm; wnfaxmifxm;&onfrSm Armqif;&J<br />

om;rsm;tzdkY jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh igwkdYonf 'kwd,vrf;ukd vkdufcJh\/ xkdodkYvkdufcJhonfrSm tHhMop&m r½Sd? txl;tqef;<br />

r[kwf/<br />

Oya'Murf;udk igwkdYa½SUukd b,fvkd qufí tvkyfvkyfrnfenf;/ ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& odrf;½kyfoGm;aom<br />

Oya'Murf;rSm rjyefvrf;odkY oGm;NyD[k rrSwfMuavESifh Oya'Murf;onf igwkdY\vufxJwGif ½Sd\/ igwdYk qlylwkdufckduf<br />

rIaMumifh Oya'Murf;onf þtajcokdY a&mufcJh&\/ igwkdY qufvufwkdufckdufvsif Oya'Murf;b0rS Oya'tjzpf<br />

rajymif;vJEkdif[k rnfol jiif;qkd0HhtHh oenf;/ wkdif;jynf qif;&Jom;rsm;ukd iJhojzifhom Oya'Murf;udk tcsdeftenf;i,f<br />

a½TUqkdif;vkduf&\/ Oya'Murf;udpöonf NyD;qkH;cef; rwkdifao;aMumif;udk tpkd;&oabmudk azmfjyaeMujzpfonfh &efukef<br />

a*;Zwf owif;pm uyif 0efcHxm;&\/<br />

igwkdYonf ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&ukd jzKwfcs&rnfqkd&mü rnfhonfhyk*¾dKvf wOD;wa,mufudkrQ yk*¾v"dXmefpGJ r½Sd?<br />

ukvm;rJ? rsufESmjzLrJwdkYjzifh touf½SLae&aomaMumifhom ArmtusKd;udk tcGifh&oavmuf rpGrf;aqmifEkdifaom ñGefY<br />

aygif;tpkd;&tzGJU wckvkH;tjzpfudk igwkdY ½GHU½Smjcif;jzpfav\/ ArmtrsKd;om;csnf;yg0ifaom tpkd;&tzGJU ay:aygufvm<br />

aom tcgwGifvnf; Armqif;&Jom;tusKd;udk vkH;aphywfaph pGrf;aqmifEkdifrnf[k igwkdYrarQmfudk;/ vuf½Sd uRefArmjynf<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;t& zGJUpnf;tyfaom rnfonfh tpkd;&tzGJYrQ wkdif;jynfudk pdwfwkdif;usatmif rpGrf;aqmifEkdif? odkYaomf<br />

trsKd;om; tpkd;&onf ukvm; rsufESmjzL? rJrsm;ukd iJh&aom tqkd;½Gm;qkH; ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& xufum; wkdif;jynftusKd;ukd<br />

ykdrkdaqmif½GufEkdif vdrfhrnf[kí igwdkY wxpfcs ,kHMunfaMumif;/ pufwifbmv (4) &ufaeY naetxd igwkdYonf<br />

Oya'Murf; twnfjzpfajrmufa&; twGuf BudK;yrf;vsuf ½SdMuayao;onf/ okdY&mwGif wkdif;jynftusKd;ukd ykdrkdaqmif½Guf<br />

Ekdifvdrfhrnf[lí igwdkYwxpfcs ,kHMunfaMumif;/

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;&m½Spf B. Sc., B. L.,<br />

(1936-37)<br />

OD;&m½Spfonf tdEd´,trsKd;om;wOD; jzpfonf/ jrefrmwkdif;&if;om;tjzpf cH,lxm;ol jzpf\/ tdEd´,trsKd;om;<br />

wOD;tm; wuoOuú|tjzpf wifajr§mufjcif;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>wGif vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;rI r½Sdjcif;? acgif;aqmifEkdifoludk<br />

acgif;aqmifae&m ay;tyfjcif;udk jyojcif; jzpfonf/<br />

OD;&m½Spf\ arG;ouú&mZfrSm 1912 ck Ekd0ifbmv (5) &ufaeY jzpfonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfrS 0dZÆm-odyÜHbGJUESifh<br />

Oya'bGJUrsm;udk &½Sdonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ yxrqHk;twGif;a&;rSL;jzpf\/ 1935-36<br />

ckESpfwGif 'k-Ouú|jzpf\/ 1936-37 ckwGif wuoOuú| tjzpf a½G;umufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&avonf/<br />

1936 ck ausmif;om;oydwfwGif a½SUwef;acgif;aqmif wOD; jzpfonf/ 1936 ckESpfwGif zGJUpnf;aom ArmEkdifiHvHk;<br />

qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ yxrqHk;Ouú|vnf; jzpf\/ yxrqHk; wuoudk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;tjzpf<br />

wm0ef,l vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf usqHk;onfhtrIwGif ausmif;om;rsm; bufrS a½SUaevkdufcJholvnf;<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

ppfBudKacwfwGif 0wfvHkawmf& a½SUaewOD; jzpfonf/ tvkyform;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif acgif;aqmif wm0ef,lcJh\/<br />

ppfNyD;acwfwGif zqyvwGif yg0ifNyD; jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif? vlrsKd;pkvTwfawmfwGif? trwftjzpf ,aeYtxd<br />

tqufrjywf a½G;wifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/ EkdifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJUrsm;wGif jynfolYtdk;tdrfaqmufvkyfa&;? tvkyf<br />

orm;Xme0efBuD;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0efBuD;? ow¬KwGif;Xme0efBuD; ponfjzifh wm0ef,laqmif½GufcJYbl;onf/<br />

tvkyform;ESifh qufpyfaom bkwftzGJUtoD;oD;? pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD trsKd;rsKd;wGif obmywdtjzpf? jynfyodkY<br />

oGm;a&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU trsKd;rsKd;wGif acgif;aqmiftjzpf? tzGJU0iftjzpf vkdufygcJYbl;onf/<br />

,ck jynfaxmifpktvkyform;tzGJU Ouú|ESifh EkdifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJUwGif pufrIvufrI? ow¬KwGif;ESifh tvkyform;<br />

0efBuD;tjzpf wm0efudk xrf;aqmifvsuf½Sd\/<br />

151

152<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(yk*H) OD;b*srf; B.A., B.L.<br />

(1937-38)<br />

yk*HNrKdUe,f ustdk½Gm Zmwd jzpfonf/ anmif;OD;NrKdU atbDtrfausmif;? yckuúLNrKdU 0ufpvDausmif;wdkYwGif ynm<br />

oifMum;cJhbl;\/ &efukefwuúodkvfESifh *syfqifaumvdyfwdkYwGif qufvufynm oifMum;cJhí 0dZÆmbJGUrsm;udk<br />

&½SdcJhonf/<br />

1930 ckESpf wuo pnf;rsOf;a&;qJGa&; aumfrwDwGif twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhNyD;? 1937-38 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuo Ouú| jzpfavonf/<br />

1939 ckESpfrS pí &efukefNrKdUwGif a½SUaevdkufonf/ *syefacwfwGif ta½SUtm½Svli,ftpnf;t½Hk;udk wnfaxmif<br />

onf/ tpnf;t½Hk; Ouú|jzpf\/ ta½SUtm½Svli,ftpnf;t½Hk;udk ppfNyD;acwfü ArmEdkifiHvli,frsm;tpnf;t½Hk;<br />

(Avp) [k trnfajymif;vJcJhonf/ 1952 cktxd Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½Gufonf/<br />

1947 ck AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; acgif;aqmifaom tpdk;&tzJGUwGif 0efBuD;wpfOD;jzpfí AkdvfcsKyfESifhwuG 0efBuD;wzGJUvHk;<br />

udk vkyfMuHowfjzwf&mwGif rao usef½Sd&pfol (4) OD;teuf wOD;jzpf\/ ,ck &efukefNrKdUwGif vTwfawmfa½SUaeBuD;<br />

wOD;tjzpf vkyfudkifvsuf½Sdonf/ a½Twd*HkapwDawmf b@mawmfxdef;vlBuD;? urÇmat;apwD b@mawmf<br />

xdef;vlBuD;? Ak'¨omoemEk*¾[tzJGU0ifvlBuD;? ESif;qDukef; bdk;bGm;apmifha½Smufa&; tzJGU0ifvlBuD; ponfjzifh<br />

wm0ef,l aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdonf/ r[moa&pnfolbJGUudkvnf; &½SdcJholjzpfavonf/

Source: File Photo<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1937 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; B. A<br />

(1938-39)<br />

ewfarmufNrKdU Zmwdjzpfonf/ tz OD;zm? trda':pkwdkY\ om;axG;jzpfí zGm;ouú&mZfrSm 1915 ck? azazmf0g&Dv<br />

(13) &ufaeY jzpf\/ ewfarmufNrKdU OD;aombdw txufwef;ausmif;? a&eHacsmif;NrKdU trsKd;om;txufwef;<br />

ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1932 ck ZGefvwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&muf½Sdí 1937 ckESpfwGif<br />

0dZÆmbJGUxl;udk qGwfcl;cJh\/ Oya'oifwef;wGif wESpfausmfrQ ynmavhvm qnf;yl;cJYao;onf/<br />

1935-36 rS wuo trIaqmiftzJGUwGif? tdk;a0r*¾Zif; wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wGif ygaom (Hell Hound at Large) ]i&JacG;BuD; vGwfaeNyD} [laom aqmif;yg;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

ausmif;xkwfcH&\/ 1936 ck oydwfta&;awmfyHkwGif jyefMum;a&;Xme wm0efcHjzpf\/ 1936-37 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuo Ouú| jzpfí ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif yxrqHk; twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfavonf/ 1938-<br />

39 ckwGif wuo Ouú| jzpfonf/<br />

ukvm;-Arm t"du½kPf; ay:cJYonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>onf t"du½kPf;aMumifh 'ku©a&mufolrsm;tm; u,fq,fa&;<br />

vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1936 ck oydwfta&;awmfyHkwGif zJGUpnf;ay;cJY&aom qmjrbl;aumfrwD<br />

tpD&ifcHpm xGufvmonf/ tpD&ifcHpmukd wuorS uefYuGufcJhonf/ a'gufwmbarmftpdk;& wuúodkvf<br />

tufOya'Murf; jyKvkyf&ef pDpOfonfudkvnf; vufrcHcJhay/<br />

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf wuo Ouú|tjzpf oufwrf;ukefonf txd raecJYay/ atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;rS<br />

xGufí wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;odkY 0ifa&mufum? EdkifiHa&;udk tcsdefjynfh wm0ef,l vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ 1939 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJh\/<br />

1941 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyftpdk;&u qkaiG (5) usyfjzifh 0g;&rf;xkwfjcif; cH&NyD;? *syefjynfodkY a&muf½SdoGm;\/<br />

*syef tultnDudk ,lum &JabmfoHk;usdyfudk a½SUaqmifvsuf? ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmfudk xlaxmifcJhonf/<br />

1941 ckESpfwGif t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;tm; ArmjynfrS armif;ESifxkwfcJhavonf/<br />

*syefacwfwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf? ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmfwdkY\ aoemywdtjzpfjzifh vnf;aumif;?<br />

tpdk;&tzJGU0if ppf0efBuD;tjzpfjzihf vnf;aumif; aqmif½GufcJh\/ 1945 ck? rwfv (27) &ufaeUwGif *syefzufqpf<br />

rsm;tm; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD? jynfholYta&;awmfyHkygwDrsm;ESihf vufwJGum awmfvSefcJYonf/ zufqpfqefYusif<br />

a&;? jynfolUvGwfvyfa&;tzJGUcsKyfBuD; (zqyv) udk wnfaxmifol jzpf\/ ppfNyD;acwfwGif zqyv Ouú|tjzpf<br />

wm0ef,lí? t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf qufvufwdkufyJG0ifonf/ 1947 ckESpf<br />

wGif tpdk;&tzJGUü 0efBuD;csKyftjzpf vufcHaqmif½Guf\/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf t*FvefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&muf<br />

aqG;aEG; awmif;qdkcJYonf/ 1947 Zlvdkifv? (19) &ufaehwGif rormolwdkh\vufcsufjzifU toufcE¨maMujyKef;<br />

ysufpD;cJU&avonf/<br />

153

154<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

tcef; (8)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1938 rS 1939)<br />

(u) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) zGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf;<br />

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RANGOON UNIVERSITY STUDENT'S UNION, 1931<br />

(As Amended by the Rangoon University Student's Union at in Business Meeting<br />

Held on 5 th July 1937)<br />

Rangoon University Student's Union<br />

CHAPTER (I)<br />

Nature of the Organization<br />

1. This organization shall be called “Rangoon University Student’s Union”.<br />

2. The objects of the Union shall be to promote a healthy corporate social life, inculcating a<br />

spirit of independence, <strong>and</strong> to create a sense of duty <strong>and</strong> responsibility among the students<br />

of the University.<br />

3. In pursuance of the objects mentioned in Section 2 the Union shall specially.<br />

(1) hold debates,<br />

(2) arrange for <strong>and</strong> conduct lectures,<br />

(3) maintain a library, reading <strong>and</strong> writing <strong>and</strong> indoor games,<br />

(4) discuss <strong>and</strong> promote the general interests of the students, <strong>and</strong><br />

(5) arrange for <strong>and</strong> hold entertainments.<br />

4. The Union shall not make any dividend, gift division or bonus in money into or between any<br />

of its members.

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

CHAPTER (II)<br />

Membership <strong>and</strong> Subscriptions<br />

1. Only the students, Graduates, Registered Graduates, members of teaching staff of the<br />

University of Rangoon, <strong>and</strong> past students who have belonged to the University before the<br />

formation of the Union, shall be admitted to membership of the Union except as provided in<br />

section is of this chapter.<br />

Explanation: - Students are those pursuing a course of study in the University with a view to<br />

qualifying themselves for a degree, certificate or diploma in the University of Rangoon.<br />

2. Those members of Union who are not or cease to be student members shall not enjoy the<br />

right (except as provided in chapter VIII)<br />

(1) to hold any office, <strong>and</strong><br />

(2) to vote at Business Meetings <strong>and</strong> elections.<br />

3. Persons who are eligible for membership in the Union may apply to become members by<br />

filling <strong>and</strong> submitting the membership form (which can be had from the General Secretary or<br />

Hall Secretaries an application) duty proposed <strong>and</strong> seconded by two members of Union: such<br />

applications shall be accompanied by the entrance fee <strong>and</strong> subscription mentioned in Section 4.<br />

4. (1) A member who is admitted to the Union shall pay an entrance fee of rupee one.<br />

(2) Student-members shall pay a yearly subscription of rupees two. The subscription shall be<br />

payable in a lump sum at the time of admission.<br />

(3) If a student is admitted to the membership of Union during the period extending from<br />

November to May ( both months inclusive ) we shall pay the full yearly subscription.<br />

(4) Non-Student members shall pay a life membership fee of rupees twenty-four, but it may be<br />

paid in two equal installments, the first at admission <strong>and</strong> the second within six months<br />

thereafter.<br />

5. Members are liable to be fined, suspended or expelled.<br />

6. Any member may resign from the Union by notifying his intention to the General Secretary<br />

provided that he pays all sums due from him to the Union <strong>and</strong> provided also that the Executive<br />

Committee accepts the resignation of the member after satisfying itself that all conditions<br />

governing the resignation of membership have been fulfilled.<br />

7. A member who shall resign under Section 6 shall cease to be a member of the Union except as<br />

provided in Section 14.<br />

8. A member who has resigned may be re-admitted to the Union on payment of an entrance fee<br />

<strong>and</strong> the full subscription of the current year.<br />

9. A member shall be expelled from the membership of the Union if a motion for his expulsion be<br />

carried at a Business Meeting.<br />

10. No motion for the expulsion of a member shall be proposed except by a member of the<br />

Executive Committee <strong>and</strong> no motion shall be proposed for the expulsion of more than one<br />

member.<br />

11. No motion for the expulsion of a member shall be carried unless at least one-third of the<br />

student members so voting shall have voted upon it <strong>and</strong> at least two-thirds of the members so<br />

voting shall have voted in favour of it.<br />

12. A member who has been expelled can be re-admitted only after a motion for his re-admission<br />

has been carried at a Business Meeting.<br />

13. The conditions for <strong>and</strong> restrictions upon the proposal <strong>and</strong> carrying of motions for re-admission<br />

of a person who has been expelled from membership shall be the same as those imposed in the<br />

155

156<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

case for the expulsion of a member by Section 9, 10, <strong>and</strong> 11 of this Chapter.<br />

14. Any member who has resigned or has been suspended shall be liable to expulsion as if he was<br />

still a member of the Union in respect of acts done while he was a member.<br />

15. Upon re-admission, a member who has been expelled must pay an Entrance fee <strong>and</strong> the full<br />

subscription for the current year <strong>and</strong> all sums due from him to the Union at the time of his<br />

expulsion, which remain unpaid.<br />

16. Any member who has resigned or has been suspended or expelled shall be excluded on all<br />

occasions from the premises of the Union until <strong>and</strong> unless his suspension is removed or he<br />

has been re-admitted.<br />

17. The Executive Committee shall have power, by a majority of two-thirds of those present, to<br />

cancel the membership of any member whom they shall consider not to be eligible for<br />

membership of the Union, <strong>and</strong> no such member shall be re-admitted without the consent of<br />

the Union at a Business Meeting by a simple majority of those voting. Any member who is the<br />

subject of the such a decision by the Executive Committee shall have returned to him only the<br />

subscription for the current year.<br />

18. Harm any membership of the Union may, by a resolution carried at a Business meeting by a<br />

majority of three-fourths of those voting, be conferred on persons of distinction provided<br />

that at no time shall the member of such member exceed twelve <strong>and</strong> that in any academic year,<br />

not more than three such members shall be elected.<br />

CHAPTER (III)<br />

The Property <strong>and</strong> Premises<br />

1. No property of any description, designed for use in the premises of the Union shall be<br />

removed from the premises without the permission of the Executive Committee, <strong>and</strong> the<br />

penalty for such removal shall be a fine of five rupees <strong>and</strong> if the property so removed is lost<br />

or damaged a further, liability for the current price of such property shall arise.<br />

2. Any member who shall damage the property of the Union shall pay the expense incurred<br />

on his account by the Union for repair or replacement.<br />

3. The premises of the Union shall not be used for any other than the ordinary purpose of the<br />

Union expect as provided in Chapter XX.<br />

4. No one shall be allowed to play any game on stakes on the premises of the Union.<br />

5. No alcoholic drink shall be stored or drunk on the premise.<br />

6. The Executive Committee shall have power to regulate the admission of members <strong>and</strong> nonmembers<br />

to the premise <strong>and</strong> functions of the Union <strong>and</strong> it may from time to time frame rules<br />

<strong>and</strong> issue direction for purpose.<br />

CHAPTER (IV)<br />

Officers of the Union<br />

1. The following shall be the officers of the Union -<br />

(1) The President<br />

(2) The Vice-President<br />

(3) The Treasurer<br />

(4) The General Secretary<br />

(5) The Librarian<br />

(6) The Editor.

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

2. (1) Only those members of the Union who have completed one year of membership of the<br />

Union <strong>and</strong> who are whole time students shall be eligible for election to the offices of the<br />

President, Vice-President, <strong>and</strong> General Secretary.<br />

(2)(a) A member shall not be eligible for election to the office of the president, unless in<br />

addition to the qualification laid down in Section 1 above, he has been a member of the<br />

Executive Committee, either as an officer or as an ordinary member for at least one<br />

academic year.<br />

(2)(b) Members who have held office for at least one academic year in the M<strong>and</strong>alay<br />

Intermediate College Union shall be exempted from the qualification regarding one year's<br />

membership of the Union laid down in sub-Section 1.<br />

3. If any officer is absent from Rangoon for period exceeding one month continuously during<br />

any term excluding the vacations or is unable to carry on his duties for one month continuously,<br />

his office shall become vacant.<br />

4. Any officer may resign his office by notifying his intention to the Executive Committee, but<br />

he shall remain in office until a new officer has been elected in his place.<br />

5. In case of any officer being absent from Rangoon for a period exceeding three days but not<br />

exceeding thirty days (excluding the vacations) a new officer who shall affiliate in his place<br />

during his absence shall be elected by the Executive Committee from among its members.<br />

6. If any officer is censured by a Business Meeting, his office shall become vacant, <strong>and</strong> shall be<br />

debarred from st<strong>and</strong>ing as a c<strong>and</strong>idate for any election within one year thereafter.<br />

7. If any officer shall become prematurely vacant by resignation or otherwise, the vacancy shall<br />

be filled by-election within ten days of its becoming vacant, <strong>and</strong> the President shall conduct<br />

such by election. Any member of the Union desirous of proposing a c<strong>and</strong>idate for the vacant<br />

office shall not less than two days before the day of election, submit to the president a<br />

nomination paper showing the name of his c<strong>and</strong>idate duty proposed <strong>and</strong> seconded <strong>and</strong><br />

signed by the c<strong>and</strong>idate.<br />

8. (1) Any officer if being elected to any office at any by-election, has to resign his former office.<br />

(2) Any elected member of the Executive Committee if being elected to the office of President,<br />

Vice-President or Treasurer at any by-election shall ipso facto resign his seat as an elected<br />

member of the Executive Committee.<br />

9. The term of office for any officer shall expire after General Election.<br />

CHAPTER (V)<br />

The President<br />

1. The President shall be elected annually.<br />

2. The President shall be Chief Executive Officer of the Union <strong>and</strong> shall have the general control<br />

of its premise.<br />

3. The President shall be the chairman of all meetings of the Union except sub-committees <strong>and</strong><br />

select committees.<br />

4. The President shall be an ex-officio member of all committees <strong>and</strong> sub- committees.<br />

5. The President after the expiry of his term of office, shall become an ex-officio member of the<br />

Executive Committee for the ensuing year, but as an ex-officio member he shall not have the<br />

power to vote.<br />

6. The President shall after the expiry of his term of office never be eligible for re-election to that<br />

office.<br />

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7. The President shall in case of emergency advise any office, member or servant of the Union<br />

as to Union’s rules <strong>and</strong> practices <strong>and</strong> any advice so give shall be reported by him to the<br />

Executive Committee so that they may determine whether it is desirable to make any new rule<br />

or practice upon the matter in question.<br />

8. The President shall in urgent case have power, by giving not less than twenty-four hours<br />

notice call a Special Meeting of the Union or to change the time or the day appointed for any<br />

meeting.<br />

9. The President shall not address the House from the Chair, except in his official capacity.<br />

CHAPTER (VI)<br />

The Vice-President<br />

1. The Vice-President shall be elected annually at the same time as the President.<br />

2. In the absence of the President his duties shall devolve upon the Vice-President, except as<br />

provided in Section 3, 4 <strong>and</strong> Chapter IV.<br />

3. The Vice-President shall be in the charge of the Executive department.<br />

4. The Vice-President shall examine <strong>and</strong> sign all bills before they are h<strong>and</strong>ed over to the treasurer.<br />

5. The Vice-President shall seven days before the last Business Meeting of each year, place<br />

upon the boards a report for the outgoing term, which shall be read to the Union at the said<br />

meeting <strong>and</strong> the members present shall have the right to discuss upon the report.<br />

6. The Vice-President, if he is again not elected to any office after his term of office has expired<br />

shall become an ex-officio member of the Executive Committee for the ensuing year, but as an<br />

ex-officio member, he shall not have the power to vote.<br />

CHAPTER (VII)<br />

The Treasurer<br />

1. The Treasurer shall be elected annually at the same time as the President <strong>and</strong> Vice-president.<br />

2. Only those members of the Union who are graduates of this University <strong>and</strong> two years st<strong>and</strong>ing<br />

as members shall be eligible for election to this office.<br />

3. The treasurer shall supervise the collection of subscriptions fees <strong>and</strong> fines <strong>and</strong> be responsible<br />

for the due application of the Union’s revenues in accordance with the Budget provisions.<br />

4. The Treasurer shall at the beginning of each year prepare <strong>and</strong> submit to the Executive<br />

Committee for consideration <strong>and</strong> sanction a budget containing a detailed estimate of the<br />

income <strong>and</strong> expenditure for the year together with a statement of all capital <strong>and</strong> invented<br />

funds under each head of account. The Treasurer may with the consent of the Executive<br />

Committee make transfers of funds from head of account to another provided that the total<br />

amount of expenditure allotted in the Budget shall not be exceeded. The Treasurer shall after<br />

Budget has been passed by the Executive Committee, place it upon the boards.<br />

5. The Treasurer, may in the case of the late sum for any head of expenditure in the Budget being<br />

insufficient dem<strong>and</strong> additional provision for the head of expenditure <strong>and</strong> such dem<strong>and</strong>, if<br />

sanctioned by the Executive Committee shall be placed upon the boards by the Treasurer.<br />

6. The Treasurer shall place upon the boards of the Union not less than fourteen days before<br />

the last Business Meeting of each year a statement of all sums received <strong>and</strong> paid of liabilities<br />

incurred of the balance in credit existing up to the time of the report <strong>and</strong> his statement shall be<br />

read <strong>and</strong> considered at the meeting.<br />

7. The Treasurer must not keep more than fifty rupees in his h<strong>and</strong> at a time as soon as he has

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more than rupees fifty in possession he must at once deposit all sums over <strong>and</strong> above fifty<br />

rupees in the bank (mentioned in Chapter XI, section I) except as provided in section 9.<br />

8. The Treasurer shall draw any sum in the name of the Union with the sanction of the Executive<br />

Committee for the purpose of the expenditure provided of with Budget, but all withdrawal<br />

forms or cheques must be counter-signed by the Vice- President.<br />

9. The Treasurer shall issue reminders to the members of the Union who have not paid up their<br />

subscriptions fees, fines <strong>and</strong> other liabilities to the Union within the prescribed period <strong>and</strong><br />

inform the General Secretary the names of members, who are liable to be suspended according<br />

to rules.<br />

10. The Treasurer shall account to his successor for all money received <strong>and</strong> paid by him up to the<br />

time of his leaving office <strong>and</strong> shall supply his successor with an account of all Union Funds.<br />

CHAPTER (IX)<br />

Hall Secretaries<br />

1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint one or more secretaries from among the<br />

members of the Union for each Hall <strong>and</strong> for the day students.<br />

2.(1) A Hall Secretary must be a resident of the Hall for which he is appointed <strong>and</strong> he shall ipso<br />

facto vacate his office if he goes out of residence in that hall.<br />

(2) A day student secretary must be a day student of the college for which he is appointed <strong>and</strong><br />

he shall ipso facto vacate his office, if he closes be a day student or leaves the college.<br />

3. The President may convene meetings of the Hall secretaries <strong>and</strong> the General Secretary <strong>and</strong> he<br />

shall be the chairman of such meetings.<br />

4. The Hall Secretaries shall make known to the residents of their Halls the nature <strong>and</strong> object of<br />

the Union <strong>and</strong> collect Union subscriptions from them.<br />

5. The Hall Secretaries shall do such other work as may be assigned to them by the President in<br />

connection with the Union in their respective Halls.<br />

CHAPTER (X)<br />

The Executive Committee<br />

1. The Executive Committee shall consist of<br />

(1) The President,<br />

(2) The Vice- President,<br />

(3) The Treasurer,<br />

(4) The Librarian,<br />

(5) The Editor,<br />

(6) Six members elected by the members of the Union including the General Secretary<br />

(7) Ex- Officio members<br />

(8) The Editor <strong>and</strong> librarian shall be appointed by the Executive Committee either from among<br />

the six elected members of the committee or from among the student members of the Union.<br />

2. The election of the members mentioned in Section I, Clause 6, shall ordinarily take place<br />

annually after the election of officers.<br />

3. Only members of the Union who have been members for at least one year <strong>and</strong> are still students<br />

of the University, shall be eligible for election to the Executive Committee.<br />

4. (1) The President <strong>and</strong> the Vice-President of the previous year the Committee for the current year<br />

as provided in Chapter 5 <strong>and</strong> 6.<br />

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(2) Members who have been members of the Executive Committee of the M<strong>and</strong>alay Intermediate<br />

College Union shall be exempted from the qualification regarding one year’s membership of<br />

the Union Laid down in sub-Section 1.<br />

5. The General Secretary shall summon all meetings of the Executive Committee at the direction<br />

of the President who shall be the Chairman of the Committee.<br />

6. The General Secretary shall record the minutes of all meetings of the Committee.<br />

7. The Executive Committee shall appoint all sub-committees as provided <strong>and</strong> may also appoint<br />

any sub-committee not specifically provided for.<br />

8. The Executive Committee shall consider <strong>and</strong> pass orders on the budget presented by the<br />

Treasurer as provided in Chapter 7, Section 5<strong>and</strong> 6.<br />

9. The Executive Committee shall receive all donations endowments <strong>and</strong> other such moneys as<br />

may be given to the Union.<br />

10. The Executive Committee shall appoint tradesmen to be employed by the union.<br />

11. The Executive Committee shall budget to the control of the whole House at their Business<br />

Meetings, regulate the appointment <strong>and</strong> dismissal of the Union’s servants <strong>and</strong> determined<br />

from time to time the salaries <strong>and</strong> wages of such servants.<br />

12. The Executive Committee shall make such reports to the whole House at their Business<br />

Meetings with regard to the appointment <strong>and</strong> remuneration of the Union’s servants <strong>and</strong> with<br />

regard to the tradesmen employed by Union, as the Committee may from time to time determine.<br />

13. The Executive Committee shall, subject to the control of the whole House at their Business<br />

Meetings make rules for the position of fines on members of the Union.<br />

14. The Executive Committee shall subject to the control of the whole House at their Business<br />

Meetings, fix the time <strong>and</strong> period within which the premises will be open.<br />

15. The Executive Committee shall have power to invite any person or persons not being members<br />

of the Union to speak at any debate or to deliver lectures at Special Meetings.<br />

16. Five members shall from a quorum for any meeting of the committee.<br />

17. No member of the Executive Committee shall vote by pray.<br />

18. Any member of the Executive Committee any ask the president to call a meeting of the<br />

Committee <strong>and</strong> the president shall convene such meetings as he may deem necessary.<br />

19. The Committee shall meet to consider motions for business to be put before Business meetings.<br />

20. The officer concerned shall present their reports at business Meetings as required by the<br />

provisions of the Constitution.<br />

21. Any elected member of the Executive Committee (other an officer) who goes out of residence<br />

from Rangoon for a period exceeding thirty days during full term of the University or absents<br />

himself from three consecutive meetings of the Committee shall cease to be a member of the<br />

Committee <strong>and</strong> a new member shall be elected in his place. Members absent from consecutive<br />

meetings of the Committee shall be reminded of their absence by the General Secretary.<br />

22. The Executive Committee may spend a sum not exceeding thirty rupees in any one term for<br />

exceptional purpose, in pursuance of the objects of the Union in addition to the provisions,<br />

made in the budget <strong>and</strong> the additional grants mentioned in Chapter 7, Section 6.<br />

CHAPTER (XI)<br />

Finance<br />

1. All funds accruing to the Union shall be deposited to the credit of the Union in a bank<br />

appointed by the Executive Committee.

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2. An ordinary fund shall be created in to which shall be paid all sum derived from fees,<br />

subscriptions, fines <strong>and</strong> other sources allotted to meet the annual expense of the Union.<br />

3. A reserve shall be created, into which shall be paid sum derived from endowments, donations<br />

interest on investments, or other than those mentioned in Section 2 of this chapter. At least<br />

two-thirds of the balance left from the ordinary fund annually shall be transferred to this fund.<br />

4. No part of the reserve fund shall be used for any purpose except for replacements of damaged<br />

or worm out furniture <strong>and</strong> equipment or except by virtue of a resolution passed at a Business<br />

Meetings.<br />

5. The Executive Committee shall prescribe form or cheque for voluntary subscriptions <strong>and</strong><br />

donations towards the Reserve Fund.<br />

6. The Executive Committee shall appoint a qualified auditor annually.<br />

7. The accounts of the income <strong>and</strong> expenditure of the Union shall every year in July be audited<br />

by the auditor (Section 7) <strong>and</strong> the audited accounts together with the auditor’s report under<br />

his signature shall be placed upon the boards not less than fourteen days before the first<br />

Business Meeting of the Academic year of the University. The Treasurer shall present his<br />

report at that meeting.<br />

8. The presidency shall check the account <strong>and</strong> bank books.<br />

(23) The Chairman shall be the sole judge on any point of order <strong>and</strong> may call any member to order<br />

at any meeting <strong>and</strong> shall have power to take such action as he may think necessary to enforce<br />

his decisions.<br />

(24) There shall be no voting proxy at any meeting.<br />

(25) A meeting adjourned for lack of quorum shall not require a quorum <strong>and</strong> the date to which it<br />

has adjourned.<br />

CHAPTER (XII)<br />

Business Meetings<br />

1. At Business Meetings the financial <strong>and</strong> administrative business of the Union shall be<br />

transacted.<br />

2. At such meetings motions for rejection of any act or resolution of the Executive Committee<br />

which is alleged to be in excess of the powers conferred upon the said Committee by the<br />

constitution may be moved.<br />

3. At such meetings the following motions may be moved;<br />

(1) Motion to amend, add to, or repeal the constitution<br />

(2) Motion for expulsion of any member of the Union.<br />

(3) Motion for re-admission of expelled members.<br />

(4) Motion to censure any office of the Union.<br />

(5) Motion to reverse any decision of the President, under Chapter 5, Section 7.<br />

(6) Motions for appointment of a select Committee for any purpose relating to the Union.<br />

4. Question relating to the working of the Union or affecting the interest of the Union may be<br />

asked.<br />

5. The decision arrived at such meetings shall be final.<br />

6. The procedure at Business Meeting shall be governed by the following rule:-<br />

(1) A Business Meeting shall be held at least once at the end of each University term, the last<br />

meeting taking place in February; but the president shall have the power to convene emergency<br />

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meeting by giving three day’s notice.<br />

(2) The President shall convene Extra-ordinary Business Meetings on presentation of a requisition<br />

signed by not less than an-forth of the student members (or) fifty student-members, whichever<br />

is less, Such requisition shall state in writing the object for which the meeting is to be held.<br />

(3) Except in case of emergency, fourteen days notice of a Business Meeting <strong>and</strong> the general<br />

nature of the business which the Executive Committee will bring forward to be transacted<br />

there at shall be given under the signature of the President.<br />

(4) One-quarter of the number of student-members of the Union shall Constitute a quorum at a<br />

Business Meeting.<br />

(5) Any student-member who wishes to propose a motion at an ordinary Business Meeting shall<br />

forward a copy of the motion to the president so as to reach him not later than ten days before<br />

the date of the meeting; <strong>and</strong> the President shall, if such motion be in order, course such<br />

motion to be placed on the agenda paper of the meeting at which it is to be moved.<br />

(6) No motion which has been negative or other wise disposed of at a Business Meeting shall be<br />

moved again within six months from the date of the meeting at which it was disposed of.<br />

(7) The President shall issue not less than seven days before the date of the meeting a list of the<br />

motions he has received to be moved at the meeting.<br />

(8) Notice of amendments to motions of the agenda paper shall be in the h<strong>and</strong>s of the President<br />

not less than four days before the meeting.<br />

(9) The President shall issue three days before the date of the meeting a revised agenda paper<br />

showing all motions in the original agenda paper <strong>and</strong> motion <strong>and</strong> amendments of which due<br />

notice has been given.<br />

(10) In the absence of the President or Vice-President, the members present shall elect a Chairman<br />

from among themselves.<br />

(11) A motion for adjournment of the House to discuss an urgent <strong>and</strong> important matter concerning<br />

the Union may be moved at a Business Meeting but notice for such motion shall reach the<br />

President not less than one hour before the meeting starts <strong>and</strong> the President shall admit such<br />

motion only if he considers the matter to be important <strong>and</strong> urgent.<br />

(12) The Chairman, on his own motion or if so directed by a meeting from time to time <strong>and</strong> from day<br />

to day, but no business shall be transacted at an adjourned meeting other than the business<br />

unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.<br />

(13) Not more than the first thirty minutes of a meeting shall be devoted to answering questions.<br />

Notice of questions to be asked at a meeting must reach the President not less than three<br />

days before the meeting. The officer concerned shall answer such questions.<br />

(14) The order of business - At a Business Meeting the following shall be the order of Business:-<br />

(a) The election of the Chairman, if necessary.<br />

(b) Questions<br />

(c) Business brought forward by the Executive Committee<br />

(d) Business brought forward by the members of the Union.<br />

(15) The following motions may be move without previous notice:-<br />

(a) Motion to appoint a Chairman,<br />

(b) Motions for adjournment of the House to another date or time if the business is not<br />

expected to be fully disposed of within the time available.<br />

(c) Motions that any question before the meeting be put to the vote forth with.<br />

(d) Motions that the meeting be dissolved for lack of quorum.

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(e) Motions to ask permission to with draw a motion or amendment.<br />

(f) Motions that the House resolve itself into a Committee,<br />

(g) Motions expensing thanks, congratulations or sympathy.<br />

(16) The following amendments may be moved without previous notice:-<br />

(a) Amendments to any motion admitted without previous notice,<br />

(b) Amendments which are in the opinion of the Chairman of urgent <strong>and</strong> important nature <strong>and</strong><br />

or which he considers that the opinion of the House should be taken forth with.<br />

(17) Motions requiring votes of at least one-quarter of members <strong>and</strong> two-thirds majority of the<br />

votes so registered shall be:-<br />

(a) Motions to amend, add to, or repeal any provision or whole of the constitution,<br />

(b) Motions to expel any member of the Union,<br />

(c) Motions to re-admit expelled members<br />

(d) Motions affecting the Reverse Fund.<br />

(18) Motions to confer Honorary Membership <strong>and</strong> any person of distinction shall require threeforth<br />

majority of those voting.<br />

(19) The following shall be the procedure on motions:-<br />

(a) Every motion admitted without previous notice shall be moved at a time to be appointed<br />

by the Chairman.<br />

(b) Such motions once disposed of shall not be moved again at that meeting.<br />

(c) Every motion effecting the finances of the Union shall specify the amount affected.<br />

(d) A motion that the House resolve itself into a Committee shall specify item or items of<br />

business to be considered in committee.<br />

(20) The following shall be the procedure amendments:-<br />

(a) Every amendment must be relevant to the motion to which it refers, <strong>and</strong> must be framed so<br />

as to form there with an intelligible <strong>and</strong> consistent sentence.<br />

(b) No amendment shall be moved to a motion for adjournment of a meeting except one<br />

appointing a different day or time.<br />

CHAPTER (XIII)<br />

Special Meetings<br />

1. At special Meetings,<br />

(1) Motions affecting the interests of the students of the University shall be moved, or<br />

(2) Lectures or address may be delivered an any subject or topic other than religious, by any<br />

person <strong>and</strong> the invitation of the Executive Committee.<br />

2. The procedure at special meeting shall be governed by the following rules:-<br />

(1) The president shall fix the day time at which the meeting is to be held <strong>and</strong> shall gave power to<br />

hold such meeting in place of any data debate.<br />

(2) The Executive Committee shall, <strong>and</strong> presentation of a requisition of not less than thirty<br />

members of the Union, convene a special meeting. Such requisition shall state in writing the<br />

object for which the meeting is to be called.<br />

(3) The procedure for the satisfaction <strong>and</strong> submission of motions <strong>and</strong> amendments shall be the<br />

same as for Business Meeting, but the President shall put before the Executive Committee all<br />

such motions <strong>and</strong> amendments.<br />

(4) The procedure on motions <strong>and</strong> amendments shall be governed by the rules prescribed<br />

for Business Meetings except in case of lectures <strong>and</strong> address.<br />

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(5) No motion shall be moved if a meeting is specially called for the lectures or address.<br />

CHAPTER (XIV)<br />

Debates<br />

1. Meeting for debates shall be held as far as possible every Friday during full term of the<br />

University except as otherwise decided by the president.<br />

2. The Debates may be either in Burmese or in English as decided by the president.<br />

3. The Debates may be any subject other than a religious subject.<br />

4. The selection of motions for debates shall rest solely with the president.<br />

5. Any member may suggest a motion for debate <strong>and</strong> signify his willingness to move it by a<br />

written intimation to the President in selecting motions for debates the President shall take<br />

into consideration suggestions so made.<br />

6. The President shall be responsible for providing a motion for every debate <strong>and</strong> he shall<br />

choose at least four principle speakers, i.e. a move <strong>and</strong> his supporter, <strong>and</strong> an opposer <strong>and</strong> his<br />

supporter for each motion.<br />

7. The Chairman, shall if so directed by a meeting, adjourn the meeting from time to time <strong>and</strong> day<br />

to day, no Business shall be transacted at an adjourned meeting other than the business left<br />

unfinished at the meeting at which the adjournment took place.<br />

8. No motion for adjournment shall be moved for any purpose other than that of continuing the<br />

debate an subsequent day.<br />

9. In the absence of the President, a Chairman of the meeting shall be elected by the members<br />

present from among themselves.<br />

CHAPTER (XV)<br />

Meeting in General<br />

1. Procedure on motions, resolutions, <strong>and</strong> amendments at meeting of the Union in general shall<br />

be governed by the following rules:<br />

(1) The speaker shall address the chair <strong>and</strong> may not read their speeches.<br />

(2) Every motion at a meeting shall be seconded, otherwise it shall drop.<br />

(3) Any motion or amendment st<strong>and</strong>ing in the name of a member who is absent from the meeting<br />

or who declines to move it may be moved by other another member with the permission of the<br />

chair.<br />

(4) No motion or amendment once moved shall be with drawn without the leave of the House.<br />

(5) No speech on any motion of amendment shall exceed fifteen minutes but the chairman shall<br />

have power to extend this time.<br />

(6) A member who rises with the permission of the chairman to speak an the conclusion of a<br />

speech has the right to be heard. In case of competition, the chairman shall decide who is in<br />

possession of he meeting.<br />

(7) Except as here in after provided, a member having spoken to a motion is not at liberty to speak<br />

again to such motion.<br />

(8) Any member may (even whilst another is spoken) rise to explain any misconception of<br />

expressions used by him but he shall not make a speech.<br />

(9) There shall be no personal reference to any member except in censure motions <strong>and</strong> than only<br />

provided that such reference is relevant to the subject.<br />

(10) Any member may call the Chairman’s attention to a point of order even whilst another is

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speaking but no speech shall be made on such point of order.<br />

(11) When an amendment to any motion has been proposed, no other amendment shall be proposed,<br />

until the former amendment has been disposed of.<br />

(12) Any member may speak once on a motion <strong>and</strong> once an each amendment proposed to it, but<br />

no member may speak more than once on any motion or amendment except as provided in<br />

rules (13) <strong>and</strong> (14).<br />

(13) The propose of any motion may speak an every amendment, <strong>and</strong> shall have the right of reply<br />

immediately before the final division an his motion. The mover of an amendment has the right<br />

immediately before the division an that amendment.<br />

(14) No member who has spoken on the motion may subsequently move an amendment, but any<br />

member who has only spoken on an amendment may subsequently move <strong>and</strong> amend.<br />

(15) In the case of amendments which require previous notice, the Chairman shall call on movers<br />

of such amendments one by one to dispose of such amendments, after the mover has moved<br />

the motion.<br />

(16) In the case of censure motions the officer or the member whose conduct is in question shall<br />

have right of speaking again after the mover has replied.<br />

(17) When the Chairman has as certain that no other member who is entitled to address the<br />

meeting desires to speak, he shall ask the propose of the motion to reply upon the whole<br />

debate <strong>and</strong> after that he shall put the motion to the House.<br />

(18) A motion for the adjournment of the House shall be moved only once at a meeting.<br />

(19) The Chairman has the same right of moving or searching or speaking to a motion or an<br />

amendment as any member but he shall vacate the chair for the whole meeting, <strong>and</strong> he shall<br />

nominate to the chair a member who has not taken part in the discussion. Without leaving the<br />

chair, the chairman may however at his direction or at the request of any member, explain to<br />

the meeting the scope of any motion or amendment. He may also at the conclusion of a<br />

discussion sum up the discussion if he so desires.<br />

(20) On a division, the Chairman shall appoint tellers to count the House. The manner in which a<br />

division is to be effected shall be determined by the chairman.<br />

(21) The Chairman shall have a casting vote at all divisions where the voting is equal.<br />

(22) All question considered at meetings of the Union shall be decided by a simple majority of<br />

votes of member voting, unless a particular majority is required by the constitution.<br />

(23) The Chairman shall be the sole judge on any point of order <strong>and</strong> may call any member to order<br />

at any meeting <strong>and</strong> shall have power to take such action as he may think necessary to enforce<br />

his decisions.<br />

(24) There shall be no voting proxy at any meeting.<br />

(25) A meeting adjourned for lack of quorum shall not require a quorum <strong>and</strong> the date to which it<br />

has adjourned.<br />

CHAPTER (XVI)<br />

Vacation Officers<br />

1. If not less than three members of the Executive Committee remain in Rangoon during the<br />

vacations, they shall be the vacation officers.<br />

2. If less than three such members remain in Rangoon during the vacations, then the Executive<br />

Committee shall before the beginning of the vacations appoint there vacation officers from<br />

among the members of the Union, who will remain in Rangoon to take charge of the Union<br />

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during the vacation.<br />

3. The Executive Committee shall place upon the boards the names of these vacation officers<br />

immediately after their appointments.<br />

4. The vacation officers shall take over charge the offices assigned to them by the Executive<br />

Committee except the Treasurer’s office.<br />

5. The office of these officers who are leaving Rangoon during the vacations shall be distributed<br />

among the vacation officers.<br />

6. The Treasurer with the approval of the Executive Committee shall appoint a member of the<br />

Union of not less than two year’s st<strong>and</strong>ing to take charge of his office if he is absent from<br />

Rangoon during the vacations.<br />

7. After the General Election, the vacation officers shall h<strong>and</strong> over charge of the offices they<br />

held to the elected officers concerned.<br />

CHAPTER (XVII)<br />

Elections<br />

1. There shall ordinarily be two General Elections annually, one for the officers <strong>and</strong> the other for<br />

the Executive Committee.<br />

2. The election of the President, Vice-President <strong>and</strong> Treasurer shall ordinarily be held before the<br />

election of the Executive Committee <strong>and</strong> not later than the second week of July.<br />

3. The retiring President if present after the summer vacations shall conduct the election of<br />

officers.<br />

4. If the retiring President be not present on Rangoon in time to conduct the election, the<br />

vacation officers shall summon <strong>and</strong> a Business Meeting not later than first week of July <strong>and</strong><br />

this meeting shall elect a Returning officer <strong>and</strong> four tellers from among the student members<br />

of the Union, who are not st<strong>and</strong>ing as contact the election.<br />

5. Every c<strong>and</strong>idate for election shall be nominated on nomination paper (which can be had from<br />

the Returning officer or the President) signed by a propose <strong>and</strong> a seconder, entitled<br />

to vote, which or the Returning Officer on or before the day fixed for receiving such papers.<br />

6. Every such nomination paper shall be signed by the c<strong>and</strong>idate nominated for election.<br />

7. No member from whom any arrears are due to the Union shall be proposed as a c<strong>and</strong>idate, or<br />

propose or a second c<strong>and</strong>idate or vote at any election.<br />

8. The president or returning officer shall, within two days after the day fixed for receiving<br />

nomination papers, put upon the boards the list of c<strong>and</strong>idates nominated.<br />

9. If nomination paper fails to comply with any one of the requirements of the provisions of the<br />

constitution, the c<strong>and</strong>idate then in nominated, shall be disqualified for that election.<br />

10. A member who is eligible for more than one officer may st<strong>and</strong> for election for all such offices<br />

but if he is elected two select which office he will accept, <strong>and</strong> shall resign all other<br />

offices to which he may have been elected <strong>and</strong> the next c<strong>and</strong>idate on the poll for such office<br />

or offices shall take his place.<br />

11. No member shall be allowed to address the House with reference to the merits or demerits of<br />

any c<strong>and</strong>idate.<br />

12. The newly elected officers shall formally enter upon office at the first debate after the election.<br />

13. The President or the Returning Officers shall give 7day’s notice of the first election to the<br />

members of the Union.<br />

14. The election shall be decided by means of a straight vote.

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

15. The President elect shall conduct the election for the Executive Committee not later than two<br />

weeks after his election.<br />

16. If there be more than six c<strong>and</strong>idates for the Executive Committee, the election shall be conducted<br />

by a straight vote. Every member entitled to vote shall have one vote for each seat, but he<br />

shall vote give more than one vote to the same c<strong>and</strong>idate. The six c<strong>and</strong>idates on the top of the<br />

poll shall be declared elected.<br />

17. The counting of votes shall take place on the someday or on the day following the poll in the<br />

presence of the officers, tellers <strong>and</strong> c<strong>and</strong>idates or their authorized representative <strong>and</strong> the<br />

results shall be published on the boards <strong>and</strong> the officer who conducted the election shall call<br />

out the names of the c<strong>and</strong>idate elected at the first meeting of the House following the election.<br />

In the election shall decide the issue by his casting vote.<br />

18. No distinguishing mark shall be placed upon the notice issue against the names of c<strong>and</strong>idate<br />

who have served on the Executive Committee or as officers of the Union before.<br />

19. Every election shall take place by ballot; <strong>and</strong> the voting papers shall be in such form as the<br />

president or the Returning officer shall direct.<br />

20. No member shall vote by proxy.<br />

21. The nomination or voting papers shall not be published in any case or shall they be<br />

subsequently examined unless a scrutinizing be dem<strong>and</strong>ed by a c<strong>and</strong>idate or his propose or<br />

by at least ten members of the Union within three days of the announcement of the results of<br />

the election, when the President, thinks fit shall empower two ex-members or ex-officio members<br />

of the Executive Committee to examine the voting paper; <strong>and</strong> they shall make a report to the<br />

President, whose decision on the question shall be final.<br />

22. If a requesting signed by fifty or one- fourth of the student members, which ever is less, be<br />

presented to the president within a week after the election, he shall summon a Business<br />

Meeting which shall elect a select- committee of fix members, to investigate any election<br />

called into question by such requesting.<br />

23. If by a majority of two-thirds of the select-committee so appointed it is held proved that any<br />

c<strong>and</strong>idate has spent more than ten rupees to secure his election by canvassing, such election<br />

shall be declared void <strong>and</strong> he shall not be eligible for election to any officer or the Executive<br />

Committee for one year.<br />

CHAPTER (XVIII)<br />

Library<br />

1. There shall be a Library Sub-Committee consisting of a librarian <strong>and</strong> six members. The librarian<br />

<strong>and</strong> the members of the Sub-Committee shall be nominated by the Executive Committee from<br />

among its members or the members of the Union, <strong>and</strong> the Treasurer shall be an ex-officio<br />

member of the Sub-Committee.<br />

2. The Librarian shall be the chairman of the Sub-Committee.<br />

3. The Librarian shall be in charge of the library <strong>and</strong> Reading Room; <strong>and</strong> the key of the<br />

library shall be kept with the librarian who may entrust them to the chief clerk.<br />

4. The library Sub-Committee shall buy such books of general interest to the members as they<br />

may decide from time to time <strong>and</strong> shall keep such periodicals as they may think fit out of the<br />

sum allotted for the purpose.<br />

5. The library Sub-Committee shall, subject to the control of the whole House at Business<br />

Meetings, make rules relating to the library <strong>and</strong> Reading Room.<br />

167

168<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

6. Any member may borrow any not meant for reference, from the library in accordance with the<br />

library rules.<br />

7. The Executive Committee shall receive all books presented to the Union Library, <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong><br />

them over to the Librarian.<br />

8. The Librarian shall issue motives relating to the library <strong>and</strong> shall present a report with regard<br />

to the library at the last Business Meeting of the year.<br />

9. The Librarian shall keep a book in the library for suggestions with regard to the library <strong>and</strong><br />

Reading Room <strong>and</strong> a list of books borrowed <strong>and</strong> a list of all books <strong>and</strong> equipment belonging<br />

to the library.<br />

10. At any Business Meeting any member may propose the discontinuance of any newspaper or<br />

periodical taken by the Union.<br />

CHAPTER (XIX)<br />

Union Magazine<br />

1. There shall be a Magazine Sub-Committee consist of a Editor, a Manager <strong>and</strong> five members.<br />

The Editor <strong>and</strong> members shall be nominated by the Executive Committee from among the<br />

members of the Union <strong>and</strong> the Treasurer shall be an ex-officio member of the Sub-Committee.<br />

2. The Editor shall be the chairman of the subcommittee <strong>and</strong> he shall be responsible for the<br />

publication of the Union Magazine.<br />

3. The Editor shall be responsible for the choice of articles for publication in the Magazine.<br />

4. The Manager shall collect <strong>and</strong> supervise the collection of advertisement <strong>and</strong> other relative<br />

matters, he shall as sit the Treasurer in the collection of advertisement bills etc <strong>and</strong> he be<br />

generally responsible for the business side of the Magazine.<br />

5. The Editor shall be the publicity officer of the Union <strong>and</strong> shall publish all matters h<strong>and</strong>ed to<br />

him by the Executive Committee <strong>and</strong> he shall bring to the notice of the Executive Committee<br />

any criticism or publication effecting the Union or the students of the University.<br />

6. The Magazine Sub-Committee shall with the approval of the Executive Committee fix the time<br />

for the publication of the Magazine.<br />

7. The Sub-Committee shall, subject to the control of the whole House at the Business Meeting<br />

make rules relating to matters concerning the Union Magazine not otherwise provide for in<br />

the constitution.<br />

CHAPTER (XX)<br />

Affiliation of Other Societies<br />

1. Any society of the University or of its constituent colleges may be affiliated to the Union on<br />

application to the Executive Committee who shall have the power of rejecting any application<br />

without assigning any reason.<br />

2. Every society shall, if affiliated, pay an annual affiliation fee of rupees five <strong>and</strong> the annual<br />

affiliation fee shall become due on the first day of the first term of each Academic year.<br />

3. Every affiliated society shall have the use of the Hall on the sitting or Reading Room once in<br />

every month on a day approved by the Vice-President upon payment of rent at reduced rates<br />

to be fixed by the Executive Committee.<br />

Note- Chapter VIII is missing in the orginal copy of Aung Tun. (Anna*: 4 Pice = 1 Anna, 16 Annas = 1 Rupee)

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

CHAPTER (XXI)<br />

Indoor Games<br />

1. The Executive Committee may subject to the control of the whole House at Business Meetings<br />

arrange for indoor games.<br />

2. Only members of the Union shall be allowed to take part in door games, but members may be<br />

permitted to bring guests in accordance with rules laid down by the Executive Committee for<br />

the purpose.<br />

3. Rules relating to indoor games shall be made by the Executive Committee subject to the whole<br />

House at Business Meeting.<br />

CHAPTER (XXII)<br />

Restaurant<br />

1. The Union Restaurant may be let out to a messing contractor by calling for tenders annually<br />

until such time as the Executive Committee may decide, with the approval of the whole House<br />

at Restaurant otherwise.<br />

2. Tenders for letting the Restaurant shall be called for annually unless the Executive Committee<br />

extends the period of lease of the lessee then in occupation.<br />

3. The Executive Committee shall, subject to the approval of the whole House, formulate the<br />

terms under which the Restaurant is to be let out.<br />

TRANSITORY PROVISIONS<br />

1. Not with st<strong>and</strong>ing anything contained in the constitution, the first elections of officers <strong>and</strong> of<br />

the Executive Committee shall take place on such days as may be fixed <strong>and</strong> is such manner as<br />

may be prescribed by the students of the University at a mass meeting.<br />

2. Not with st<strong>and</strong>ing anything contained in the constitution, c<strong>and</strong>idates for such elections must<br />

have completed at least two years of study in the University.<br />

3. Not with st<strong>and</strong>ing anything contained in Section 3, Chapter 11, the first members of the Union<br />

shall be those who being eligible for Membership apply to the president to become members<br />

within one month of the first election of officers, such applications shall be accompanied by<br />

the Entrance Fee <strong>and</strong> subscription mentioned in Section 4, Chapter 11, but if the activities of<br />

the Union begin in December 1930, the subscription for the remaining period of the Academic<br />

Year shall be rupees three.<br />

SCHEDULE 1<br />

RULES<br />

1. Premises - The Union premises shall be open from 6:00 a.m to 7:30 p.m on week days during<br />

full term <strong>and</strong> from 6:00 a.m to 9:00 a.m Saturdays <strong>and</strong> holidays; but on Debate or other meeting<br />

days the premises shall be kept open till the closing of the meetings.<br />

2. Fines – Fines for non-payment of any fee or subscription or of any sum amounting to not less<br />

than three rupees after it is due, shall be imposed, at the rate of annas* two for every fifteen<br />

days, provided such five shall not exceed eight annas*.<br />

3. Suspension of members – If a member does not discharge a liability mentioned in rule 2 within<br />

sixty days after it is due together with the fines, he shall be suspended from the membership<br />

of the Union, such member shall not be released from suspension until his liabilities are<br />

discharge.<br />

169

170<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(c) 1939-40 AuoESifh wuo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

wuo<br />

1/ udkvSa½T Ouú|<br />

2/ udkausmfjrifh 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkaX;NrdKif twGif;a&;rSL; (pma&;q&m '*kefwm&m)<br />

4/ udkjrwfapm t,f'Dwm<br />

5/ udkbpH<br />

6/ udkodef;armif<br />

7/ udkoufaz<br />

8/ rpöwmatvwpf (Mr. A. Latif)<br />

9/ rpöwmwDyD0rf (Mr. T. P. Wan)<br />

Auo<br />

1/ udkvSa½T Ouú|<br />

2/ udkausmfjrifh 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkxGef;½Sdef<br />

4/ udkarmifarmif<br />

5/ udkbuav;<br />

6/ udkjrwfapm<br />

7/ udkoufaz<br />

8/ udkbpH<br />

1940-41 wuo<br />

1/ udkvSarmif Ouú|<br />

2/ udkoef;armif 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkxGef;½Sdef twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ udkjrpdef t,f'Dwm<br />

5/ udkjr (Social)<br />

6/ ukdjrwfapm (Debates)<br />

7/ udkaX;NrdKif<br />

8/ udkarmifarmif (Librarian)<br />

9/ udkvS (Games Officer)<br />

(*) yxrtBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmftwGuf jyifqifMujcif;<br />

1939 ck atmufwdkbmvwGif yxrtBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmfudk usif;yrnfjzpfonf/ ykodrfuGefz&ifhü<br />

twnfjyKvkdufaom Auo pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tydk'f (3) wGif<br />

]toif;BuD;onf wkdif;jynf tkyfcsKyfaom EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;wGif udk,fxdvufa&muf aqmif½Gufjcif; r½Sdap&/<br />

¤if;tjyif rnfonfUEkdifiHa&; *dkPf;*PESifUrQvnf; aygif;pyfjcif; r½Sdap&/}<br />

ykodrfuGefz&ifhtNyD; xGufaom aMunmpmwrf;wGifvnf;<br />

]igwkdh toif;um; wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyfaom EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;wGif udk,fxdvufa&muf aqmif½Gufrnfr[kwf?<br />

rnfonfUEkdifiHa&; *kdPf;*PESifUrQ rqkdif/}<br />

1938 ck? pufwifbmv (6) &ufaeY? n wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;½Hk;wGif pnf;a0;aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tpnf;ta0;wGif Ouú| udkatmifqef;u

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

]aumif;NyD wcsKdYuajymw,f? 'guEkdifiHa&;yJ? ausmif;om;tvkyf r[kwfbl; ajymMuw,f? jyprf;yg b,fEkdifiHrSm<br />

b,fausmif;om;awG[m usKyfwkdhvkd rvkyfMubl;vkdh *smrPD? jyifopf? t*Fvef? pydefudkMunfU? w½kwfjynfMunfU<br />

cifAsm;wdkhvkd at;at;aq;aq;awmif raeEkdifbl;/ ppfwkdufae&w,f/ ukvm;jynfudkMunfU? tmPmzDqefa&; vkyfMuwkef;u<br />

ausmif;om;awG trsm;BuD; axmifxJrSm a&mufaew,f/ tD*spfjynf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJrSm ausmif;om;awG ygcJUw,f/<br />

olwdkh trsKd;om;tzGJY (0gzf) ygwDzufu aecJUw,f/ tJ'gawGMunfUawmU ausmif;om;awG tvkyfrvkyfbl;vdkh qdkOD;rSmvm;?<br />

usKyfwkdh ckvkyf&wmu pifppf eJeJav;yg/}<br />

udkatmifqef; rdefYcGef;NyD;aemuf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;toif; tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwkdYonf ñGefYaygif;<br />

tpkd;&jzKwfcsa&;twGuf vHk;yrf;í vmcJhMuonf/<br />

tu,fí ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk; EkdifiHa&;vkyf&ef qE´½Sdygu<br />

]pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tydk'f (3) udk jzKwfypf&ef tcgodkha&mufvmacsNyD}<br />

ykodrfuGefz&ifhu wuúokdvfjyifqifa&; Oya'Murf;udk Mo*kwfv vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif twnfjyK<br />

jzpfajrmuf&ef? rjzpfajrmufygu oifhawmfovkdvkyf&ef tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtm; tmPmvTJcJh\/ wuúokdvfOya'Murf;<br />

onf vTwfawmfokdY a&mufvm\/ ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& ay;onfudk tvdkr½Sdí y,fcJh\/<br />

uGefz&ifh tmPmzDqef&m a&muf ra&muf tcgajymif;cJhí tmPmzDqefcJhjcif;onf vrf;rSef a&mufNyDxm;OD;?<br />

wuúodkvf tufOya'jyifqifa&;twGuf rnfuJhodkY qufvkyfrnf/ azazmf0g&D vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif wuúodkvf<br />

Oya'jyifqifa&;rnfodkY ½Sdrnf/ ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&vufrSawmh wuúokdkvf Oya'jyifqifa&;udkawmh r,l qHk;jzwfcJhNyD;<br />

ñGefYaygif;tpkd;& rjyKwfjyKwfatmif jzKwf&awmhrnf/ ,ck (2) ESpftwGif; rjyKwfvQif 1941 ckESpf a½G;aumufyGJwGif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u rdrdwdkY trwfrsm; wif&awmhrnf/<br />

1/ ausmif;om;rsm; udk,fBudKufaomtrwfrsm;wifEkdif? rwifEkdif/<br />

2/ ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& jzKwfcsa&; vHk;yrf;ae&ojzifh-<br />

(u) Armjynfynma&;pepf jyKjyifa&;?<br />

(c) roifrae& ynma&;pepfwDxGifa&;ponfh ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh avmavmq,f oufqdkifaom<br />

jyóemrsm;udk acgufxm;oifh? racgufxm;oifh/<br />

3/ ausmif;om;wdkYonf EkdifiHa&;*dkPf;*PtjzpfESihf wnfEkdif? rwnfEkdif/<br />

4/ igwdkYonf ½SifBuD;0rf;vnf; 0ifcJhNyD? ½Sifi,f0rf;vnf; 0ifcJhhNyD? igwkdYtm;ay;cJhaom *dkPf;wkdYonf rnfuJhodkY<br />

*dkPf;rsm;enf;/<br />

(C) yxrtBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmf<br />

1936 ck oydwfaemufydkif; tpdk;&u ,leDAmpDwDtufOya'jyifqifa&;? w&m;0efBuD; qmjrbl; acgif;aqmif<br />

aom aumfrwDudk cefYxm;í 1937 ck? 'DZifbmvtwGif;ü tpD&ifcHpmxGuf&m &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;rrS aeí &efukef<br />

ausmif;om;xk uefYuGuf½Hkru wjynfvHk; te,fe,fuefYuGufNyD;aemuf jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpm tay: xyfrHjyifqif<br />

a&; tpD&ifcHpm aumfrwD w&yfudk udkatmifqef; tygt0if zGJUpnf;um jrbl;tpD&ifcHpm tay: jyifqif jznfhpGufcsuf<br />

tpD&ifcHpm w&yfudk 17? 12? 37 aeYuyif ynma&;0efBuD;odkY ydkYcJh\/<br />

jrbl;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmESifh ausmif;om;tzGJUaumfrwDwdkY\ jyifqifjznfhpGufcsufwdkYtay: tajcwnfí<br />

wuúodkvfOya'Murf; jyifqifcsufukd 1938 ck? Mo*kwfv (25) &ufaeY ygvDref vTwfawmfwGif wifoGif;jyXmef;&ef<br />

ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&onf jyifqifBudK;yrf;cJh\/ odkYaomfta&;ay: tajctaeajymif;vJí ¤if;&ufESifh uyfí (wuo)<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wuúodkvfOya'Murf;udk pGefYy,faMumif; aMunmvdkufonf/<br />

,if;aMunmcsufü wuúodkvfOya'Murf;udpöwGif ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&tm; tjypfrwifomaomfvnf; qif;&J<br />

om;wdkY\ tusKd;jzpfxGef;aprnfh Oya'Murf;rsm;udkum; usepGmppfaq;NyD;vsufESihfyif ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&\ wnfwHh&m<br />

wnfwHhaMumif; jzpfapaom EdkifiHjcm;om;wdkY\ rJudkcsdefí tcsdefqGJxm;onfudk awGU&aMumif;? wdkif;jynf\ tusKd;ESifhpm<br />

vQif tao;tzGJrQjzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;\ tusKd;udkom jzpfxGef;aprnfh wuúodkvfOya'Murf;udk a½SU½Iíaeygrlum;<br />

usaemfwdkYonf wdkif;jynftm; tusKd;,kwfapaom ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&tm; MunfndKonf[k jy&m a&mufonfhtjyif<br />

wdkif;jynftm; usaemfwdkYyg tm;ay;ESdyfpufonfhtvm; usa&mufrnfjzpfygaMumif; ajymqdkcJhonf/ ,if;oabmrSm<br />

bmudkjyoenf;qdkaomf ausmif;om;wdkYonf 1938 ck? Mo*kwfvtwGif;uyif b,fvrf;udkcsDwufawmhrnf[k rD;pdrf;udk<br />

171

172<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

jyxm;onfhozG,f jzpfaMumif;/<br />

1938 ck? Ekd0ifbmv yxrywfwGif ausmif;om;vTwfawmfudk wjynfvHk;rS ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

(95) OD; wufa&mufNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

(1) y,fcscJhaom Oya'Murf;udk tjrefwifvdkaMumif;[laom tqdk?<br />

(2) v,foD;pm;Oya'Murf;ESihf v,f,majrajymif;vTJa&; Oya'Murf;udk tjrefwifvdkaMumif;tqdkukd qHk;jzwf<br />

cJhonf/<br />

xdkvTwfawmfrS a½SUaqmif½Guf&ef tvkyftrIaqmifrS tmPmawmif;NyD;aemuf atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcsuf<br />

w&yfudk twdtvif;aMunmonf/<br />

]]ñGefYaygif;jyKwfusa&;ESifh tjcm;ygwDwck\ [',0w¬KauseyfrIwkdYudk uREkfyfwdkY txl;rjyKayaMumif;?<br />

ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&onf tvkyform;buf? v,form;buf? ynma&;buf ponfh tzufzufwdkYwGif wdkif;jynftm; epfrGef;<br />

apcJhavNyD/ ñGefYaygif;i,f touf (2) ESpfcGJtwGif; v,form;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí ayef;aeaom<br />

ArmhEkdifiHa&; ppfajrwvif;odkY xGufcGmoGm;NyDjzpf&um; ppfol&Jaumif; ½Sm;yg;aeaom ArmjynftwGuf txl; tm;wuf<br />

zG,f jzpfaomfvnf; tcsdefMumjrifhpGmuyif vufyGef;wwD;aecJhMuum ausmif;om;ta&;wdkYwGifvnf; vkyfazmfudkifzuf<br />

a½SUaqmifa½SU½Gufjzpfol wOD;onf aemiftcgwGif igwdkY txJü½Sdawmhrnf r[kwf[laom todOmPfonfum; igwkdY<br />

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wa,mufu wa,mufudk aoG;pkyfrIpepfrsm; yaysmufí? vlwdkif; omwlnDrQ? vlwef;aph tcGifh&aom pepfa&mufrSom<br />

&½SdEdkifrnf[k igwdkYwxpfcs ,HkMunfayonf/<br />

igwkdYvdkcsifaom ynma&;pepfudk &Ekdif&eftwGuf e,fcsJUpepfukd okwfoifypf&rnf[k igqdkcJh\/ þodkY<br />

okwfoif&mwGif igwdkYausmif;om; tiftm;rsm;jzifh rNyD;? tjcm;tiftm;rsm;jzihf yl;aygif;&csdrfhrnf/ odkYjzpfvQif rnfol<br />

awGESifh ylaygif;&rnfenf;/ þar;cGef;udk rajzrD igwdkYonf e,fcsJUpepfoabmESifh c&D;pOfwdkYudk odxm;&ayrnf/<br />

tcsdefumv Mumanmif;vmonfESifhtrQ urÇmBuD;rSm ajrqDMoZmzGHUNzdK; wdk;wufvmoavmuf vlawGvdkufí<br />

rwdk;wufEkdifatmif aESmifzGJUcsKyfcs,fxm;aom pepfwckonf vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; (5000) cefYu pí vlawG tv,fwGif<br />

ay:aygufcJhonf/ xdkpepfonfum; vlawG wavSBuD;tm; tcdkif;uRefvkyfcg olwdkY\ acR;enf;pmudk acgif;yHkjzwfjcif;jzifh<br />

touf½Sifaeaom "e½Sifpepfyifjzpfayonf/ þpepft& urÇm\ ajrqDMoZm[lorQ vufwqkyfrQaom vlenf;pkrsm;<br />

\ vufwGif a&muf½Sdaeum tjrwf&rI y"mewckwnf;jzifh olwdkYxifovdk cs,fvS,fcsufudk cHae&avonf/ odkYaMumifh<br />

yif urÇmol? urÇmom;wdkYrSm azmifpD;&if; a&iwfqdkouJhodkY csrf;om

176<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

ae0iftxd EGm;ESifhtwl NydKifí ½kef;um toufarG;Muvsufyif avSmf&if;epf qdkouJhodkY a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

jynfh oydwfpcef;wGif ocifxGef;cifESifh ocifcifarmifndKwdkYu oydwfpcef; oydwfom;rsm;tm; oydwfudpö t&yf&yfudk<br />

½Sif;vif; a[mMum;NyD;aemuf n (10) em&DwGif ,if;wkdYESpfOD;tm; ta&;ydkiftrdefYjzifh yk'fr (107) ESifh zrf;qD;í<br />

axmifcs vdkufavonf/ xdknwGif;csif;yif oydwfpcef;rS ocifausmf'if? OD;"r®? ocifodef;armif? ocifrmwdkY tcsKyf<br />

axmif twGif;odkY a&mufvmNyD; rauG;NrdKUwGif vlrsm;pka0;jcif; rjyK&? yk'fr (144) udkvnf; aMunmonf/ aemufwaeY<br />

reufwGif ocifvGifonf a&eHajrrS a&mufvmNyD; csufcsif; tzrf;cH&onf/<br />

þuJhodkY &efukefNrdKUodkY OD;wnfcsDwufvmaom a&eHajr oydwfwyfBuD;onf 4? 12? 38 &uf? eHeuf (11)<br />

em&DwGif rauG;NrdKUodkY a&muf½Sdvmavonf/ a&mufvQifa&mufcsif; &yfem;cGifhr&rD acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfaom OD;0g,r?<br />

OD;aZmwdu? OD;£E´? ODeE´? ocifzdk;vSBuD;? ocifbwif? ocifbarmif? ocifodef;azBuD;wdkYudk e,fcsJUvufyg;aprsm;u<br />

zrf;qD; vdkufavonf/ xdktcg A[dk wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;½Sd ocifoef;xGef;onf a&eHajroydwfwyf\ rauG;NrdKUjzpfysufyHk<br />

tajctaepHkudk owif;,l&ef ocifxGef;cifudk vQKdU0SufpGm ydkYvdkufavonf/<br />

ocifxGef;cif\ owif;ay;csuft& ocifazoef;? ocifpkd;? ocifxdef0if;ESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;<br />

jzpfaom udkA[def;ESiffh udkAaqGwkdYudk rauG;NrdKUodkY oGm;a&muf&ef a½G;cs,fapvTwffvdkufonf/ ausmif;om;wdkYonf<br />

yPmrtvHcsdK;jyonfhtwdkif; 1938 ck 'DZifbmv (7) &ufaeY a&eHajrtvkyform; (2000) cefYESifh v,form; (2)<br />

aomif;ausmfudk &efukefodkY csDwufvmrnfhta&; BudKqdk{nfhcHjyifqifa&;twGuf EkdifiHa&;*dkPf;aygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;BuD;<br />

w&yfudk a½Twd*Hkajc&if; OD;b&DZ&yfwGif ac:qdkusif;ycJh&modkY &J&Jawmuf udkoef;wif? udkAaqGwdkY wufa&mufí wm0ef<br />

,lcJhMuonf/ ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif em,u ODZ#dv? Ouú| ocifxdyfwifudk,fawmfBuD;? twGif;a&;rSL; ocifpHxGef;<br />

vSESifh ocifoef;xGef;wdkY aqmif½GufMu&m a&eHajrtvkyform;ESifh v,form;rsm;tm; BudKqdka&;? jyifqifrIpDpOf<br />

wm0efcGJa0&mü BudKqdka&;aumfrwDwGif udkAaqG (<strong>or*¾</strong>) onfvnf;aumif;? auR;arG;a&;ESifh b@ma&;wdkYwGif NrdKUr<br />

&J&Jawmuf udkoef;wifonfvnf;aumif;? yg0ifxrf;½Guf&ef wm0ef,lMuawmhonf/<br />

8? 12? 38 &ufwGif Auo tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJYrS aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefawmhonf/<br />

&JabmfwdkhigwdkY\<br />

aoG;csif;om;csif;rsm;jzpfaom a&eHajroydwfarSmuf tvkyform;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? yJcl;?<br />

a0gtp½Sdaom e,frSv,form;rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYepfemcsufrsm;? vdkvm;csufrsm;udk awmif;qdk&ef?<br />

rdrdwdkY qE´tiftm;jy&ef ,cktcg rdrdwdkYqdkif&m e,ftoD;oD;rS csDwuf vmMuukefavNyD/<br />

odkYvQif tqif;&J tepfemcHum ½GH½Smrkef;wD;zG,faumif;vSaom EkdifiHcsJUpepf? aoG;pkyf"e½Sifrsm;udk &J&J&ifh&ifh<br />

wGef;vSefNzdKzsuf&ef csDwufvmMuukefaom igwdkY\ol&Jaumif; &JabmfwdkYtm; igwdkY Auotoif;rsm;u csDwuf&m<br />

vrf;c&D;wGif½Sdaom -<br />

(u) c&D;OD;BudKjyKjcif;?<br />

(c) tpm;taomuftwGuf aqmif½Gufjcif;?<br />

(*) ae&mxdkifcif;rsm;twGuf wwfpGrf;oavmuf tultnDay;Mu&ef igwkdY wdkufwGef;\/<br />

xdkudpöt&yf&yfwdkYudk atmifjrifxajrmuf&ef igwkdY tpnf;t½Hk;\ e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;u rdrdwdkU qkdif&mwGif<br />

OD;pD;ívnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYqkdif&m NrdKUrsm;wGif zGJUpnf;xm;aom apmifha½Smufa&;tzGJUrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í vnf;aumif;?<br />

ulnDaqmif½GufMu&ef igwdkY A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;BuD;u xkwfqifh taMumif;Mum; vkduf&ygaMumif;/<br />

AaqG<br />

tusdK;aqmif<br />

ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqGwdkY yg0if&jcif;rSmvnf; ocifvSazESifh ocifxdef0if;wkdYonf udkA[def;wkdYudk wdkYArm<br />

tpnf;t½Hk;odkY zdwfMum;í ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tvkyform;qE´jyyGJrsm;wGif yg0ifulnD&ef zdwfMum;cJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;ESifh tvkyform; aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;rS wqifh vlxkvIyf½Sm;rIqDodkY OD;wnfap&ef wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm;u ajymMum;cJhonf/ 'DZifbmv (8) &ufaeUwGif wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;rS apvTwfvdkufaom ocifazoef;?<br />

ocifpdk;? ocifxdef 0if;wdkY rauG;odkYa&muf½dSvmonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqGygvmavonf/<br />

udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqGwdkUonf a&eHacsmif;NrdKU ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyyGJESifh auskmif;om;rsm;y#dyu©udk ajz½Sif;&ef taMumif;jyK<br />

177

178<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

í xGufcGmvmNyD; a&eHacsmif;wGifacwå0ifum rauG;odkYa&mufvmMuonf/ udkA[def;rSm wuoOuú|jzpfí udkAaqGrSm<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; jzpfonf/<br />

rauG;wGif aomifwifvsuf½Sdaom a&eHwyfBuD;tm; a½SUaqmifcsDwuf&eftwGuf yxrqHk; XmecsKyfrS apvTwf<br />

vdkufol wm0efcHyk*¾dKvfrsm;\uwdcH0efcsufrSm-<br />

1/ igwdkhonf a&eHoydwfwyf wckwnf;udkjzpfap? v,form;wyfBuD; wckwnf;udkjzpfap (odkhr[kwf) ESpfwyf<br />

pvHk;udkjzpfap &efukefodkh ta&mufwm0efcHBuD;rSL;í ac:aqmifcJUygtHU/<br />

2/ igwdkh\wm0efonf &efukefNrdKY ü tvkyform;tpnf;ta0;BuD;rsm;? v,form;tpnf;ta0;BuD;rsm; NyD;pD;í<br />

vlpkuGJonfUtcgrS NyD;qHk;onf[k ,HkMunfygaMumif;/<br />

3/ wm0efNyD;qHk;onhf pcef;odkh ra&mufrcsif; rnfuJUodkh taESmifUt,Sufrsm;ESifU MuHKawGYapumrl rwGefhrqkwfbJ<br />

a½SYodkhom wkd;í wufcJUygtHU/<br />

4/ vlpkuGJapwwfaom vkyfief;rsm;udk b,ftcgrQ rvkyfyg? tusKd;vdka&mif ½lyaqmifí aoG;cGJjcif;? vlpkcGJjcif;<br />

ponfU y&d,m,fwdkhudk tpGrf;ukef a½Smifwdrf;ygownf;/<br />

wm0efcHAdkvfrsm;rSm<br />

1/ ocifxGef;cif<br />

2/ ocifazoef;<br />

3/ ocifpdk;<br />

4/ ocifxdef0if;<br />

5/ udkA[def; (ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>)<br />

6/ udkAaqG (ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>) wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (8) &ufaeYwGif &efukef A[dkXmecsKyfrS a&muf½SdvmMuaom ocifazoef;? ocifpdk;? ocifxdef0if;<br />

ESifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkA[def;? udkAaqGwdkYonf rJxD;ausmif;wkduf oydwfpcef;twGif; ajcvsif oHrPdoydwf<br />

wyfrsm;ESifh twl pwnf;csvsuf oydwfwyfrsm; pdwf"gwfMuHUckdifa&;udk tpGrf;ukefBudK;yrf;Muonf/ pnf;urf;ao0yf<br />

a&;ESifh usef;rma&;ukdk ydkrdkaumif;rGefvm&ef pDpOfMuonf/ rauG;½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh qufí<br />

NrdKUvlxk? e,fvlxkwdkYudk oydwfrsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHh&ef vIHYaqmfpnf;½Hk;Muonf/<br />

udkA[def;wdkY rauG;odkYa&mufNyD; csufcsif;vdkyif rauG;NrdKU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif usif;yaom ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/ rauG;ausmif;om; <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|rSm udkwifOD;jzpfí udkwifOD;ESifh tjcm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> acgif;aqmifrsm;pGmwdkYonf ocifpdwf? rsKd;cspfpdwf vGefpGmjyif;xefMuonfhtwdkif; wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;odkY r0ifMuap<br />

umrl rdrdwdkYudk,fudk rdrdwdkYbmom ocif trnfwyfí ac:vsuf½Sdonf/ ocifazoef;? udkA[def;? udkAaqGwdkYu<br />

a&eHajr oydwfwyfBuD;onf rlv&nf½G,fcsuftwdkif; &efukefodkYta&muf csDwufrnf/ rnfolu rnfodkY wm;qD;apumrl<br />

csDwufvmMuaom tvkyform;oydwfwyfBuD;tm; anmifvSpma&;wef;ESifU pwdka'gifU½Gmt0ifrS &Jrsm;uzrf;qD;&ef vrf;ydwfapmifUMuon f<br />

Source: Year 1300 (Vol-2)

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&eHwyfom;rsm;u *½kpdkufrnfr[kwf/ yk'fr (144) xkwfjyefjcif;onf rw&m;wm;qD; xkwfjyefjcif; jzpfonf/ oydwf<br />

orm;rsm;onf xdkrw&m;rIudk iHkUírcH? tjyif;txef wGef;vSefí w&uf? ESpf&uftwGif; rauG;rS xGufMurnf/ &efukef<br />

A[dkXmersm;rS apvTwfvdkufaom rdrdwdkYonf a&eHwyfBuD;udk a½SUaqmifrnfjzpfonf/ rdrdwdkYudk jynfhtapcHrsm;u a&eH<br />

wyfBuD;udk acgif;raqmifEkdif&ef zrf;qD;csif zrf;qD;vdrfhrnf/ zrf;qD;vQifvnf; wAdkvfwuf wAdkvfqif;pepfjzifh a&eH<br />

wyfBuD; qufvufcsDwufrnf {uefjzpfonf/ a&eHwyfom;rsm;\ ta&;udk rdrdwdkYuJhodkYyif rauG;½Sd ausmif;ol<br />

ausmif;om;? NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;tm; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDMu&ef arwåm&yfcHcJhygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh wuG NrdKUvlxkuyg<br />

ulnDvQif rauG;NrdKUrS a&eHwyf xGufcGma&;rSm atmifjrifrnf rkcsjzpfaMumif; a[majymonf/ wufa&mufvmMuaom<br />

ausmif;om;ausmif;ol (200) ausmfwkdYuvnf; a&eHwyfom;rsm;ta&;udk tpGrf;ukef ulnDrnfjzpfaMumif; uwday;<br />

qHk;jzwfonf/ 'DZifbm (12) &ufaeY naewGif rJxD;ausmif;wkduf oydwfpcef;wGif tpnf;ta0;BuD; w&yfusif;yonf/<br />

xdktpnf;ta0;ü ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol ? vlxkrsm;pGm wufa&mufMuonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;wGif ocifxdef0if;? udkA[def;<br />

wdkY a[majymonf/ ocifpdk;ESifh ocifazoef;rS 11? 12? 38 &uf nae (6) em&D (5) rdepf tpnf;ta0;ü a[majym<br />

rIjzihf &Jrsm;u zrf;qD;oGm;avonf/<br />

udkA[def;u<br />

]]oydwfwyfBuD; reufzef 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwGif yk'fr (144) udk wdkufzsufí qufvuf csDwufrnfjzpf<br />

aMumif;? jrif;cGmwpfcsufaygufvQif rD;[kef;[kef;awmufap&rnf/ &JabmfwdkhowdÅ urÇmodatmifjyMuyg/ e,fcsJYt*Fvdyfudk<br />

&Jabmfwkdh aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&; tiftm;jzifU Armjynfjyifyodkh armif;xkwfMuyg/}} xkdodkY a[majymrIaMumifh udkA[def;?<br />

udkAaqGwkdYudk qlylvIHUaqmfonf/ tpdk;&tMunfndKysufatmif a[majymonf[kqdkum &mZ0wfusifhxHk; yk'fr (107) t&<br />

zrf;qD;vdkuf&m wjynfvHk;ausmif;om;rsm; yk½GufqdwftHkudk wkwfeJYxkd;rdouJhokdY a'gotkd;aygufuGJMuavonf/ udk<br />

A[def;? udkAaqG? ocifpdk;? ocifxdef0if;? ocifazoef;ESihf (5) OD;udk zrf;qD;vdkufavonf/<br />

Auoonf ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;udk t"duxm;í vIyf½Sm;aepOf ,if;\ wkd;wufjzpfay:rI tvm;tvmudk<br />

BudKwifodjrifol AsL½dku&ufrsm;? ykvdyfpHkaxmufrsm;taejzifh ausmif;om;xkavmutwGif; xkd;azmufNzdKcGif; zdESdyf<br />

zsufqD;&ef wm0efopfw&yf xrf;aqmifvm&awmhonf/ xdkzdESdyfjcif;onf wGef;uefjcif;ESifh &ifqdkif&jrJ"r®wm twdkif;<br />

ausmif;om;xk\ ydkrdkEdk;Mum;rIudk jzpfay:aponf/<br />

1938 ck a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm; oydwfta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvmaomtcg ta&;awmfyHk vIdif;*,ufonf<br />

jynfolw&yfvHk;ESifhtwl ausmif;om;xktwGif;odkY jyif;xefpGm ½dkufcwfcJhonf/ yJcl;pD&ifpk? a0gNrdKUe,f awmifolv,f<br />

orm;rsm; aqmfMoí &efukefodkY v,form;wyfBuD; csDwuf&ef ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m v,form;uGefz&ifhBuD; w&yf<br />

usif;yí tpkd;&ESifh ta&;qdk&ef pDpOfMujcif;wdkYudk wkd;wufaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u owdxm;vsuf½Sdonf/<br />

xdkYtwla&eHajrrS oHrPdoydwfwyfBuD; &efukefNrdKUodkY ajcvsifcsDwufvmyHk? vrf;c&D;tMum; rauG;NrdKUwGif e,fcsJUvufyg;<br />

ap jAL½dku&uftmPmydkifrsm;u wm;qD;xm;yHk? oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;udk zrf;qD;xm;yHkwdkYukd ausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmifwdkY awGUjrifMuonf/ rdrdwdkU epfemcsufrsm;udk w&m;ojzifh ta&;qdkvmMuonfh awmifolv,form;rsm;udk<br />

rvmEkdif&ef Oya'yk'frtrsKd;rsKd; xkwfí BudKwif[efYwm;jcif;? csDwufvmMuonfh tvkyform;rsm;udk rw&m;wm;qD;<br />

½Hkru acgif;aqmifrsm;udkyg wa,mufNyD; wa,muf NzdKcGJaejcif;wkdYudk rsuf0g;xifxif awGUjrifae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

onf rw&m; tzdESdyfcH&vsuf&Sdaom awmifollv,form;wdkYESihf tvkyform;wkdYbufrS udk,fcsif;pmvsuf rsm;pGmMuifem<br />

axmufxm;jcif;jzihf zdESdyfolwkdYtay:wGifvnf; ½GH½Smrkef;wD;pdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmayonf/<br />

(p) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwftwGuf jyifqifMujcif;<br />

udkA[def;\ ]jrif;cGmwcsufaygufvQif rD;[kef;[kef;awmufap&rnf}[laom &J&Jawmuf rdefYcGef;aMumifh a&eHajr<br />

wyfom;rsm; pdwftm;wufvmMuonf/ udkA[def;? udkAaqGwdkY tzrf;cH&NyD;aemuf wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>onf pwif vIyf½Sm;<br />

vmjyefonf/<br />

'DZifbm (13) &uf? n (7) em&D tcsdefwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS BuD;r SL;í txl; tpnf;ta0;udk<br />

wuotaqmuftODü usif;yavonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> 'k-Ouú| udkvSa½Tu obmywd? udkat;ausmfu tusKd;aqmiftjzpf<br />

aqmif½Gufonf/<br />

xdktpnf;ta0;odkY wuúodkvfausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ESihf 0wfvHkawmf& OD;ausmfjrifh? ocifEk? ocifvSaz?<br />

abbD,efOD;wifhatmif? wufbkef;BuD;odef;az? 0wfvHkawmf& OD;jrifhxl;? rpöwmpDpDul;wdkYtjyif A[kdoHCmhtzGJUrS<br />

179

180<br />

Ouú| udkvSa½T<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

oHCmawmfrsm;yg wufa&mufí toif;wdkuf twGif;? tjyif aep&mr½Sdatmif jynfhvQHí oGm;ayonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

Ouú|ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;onfhtwGuf uefYuGufonfh txdrf;trSwftjzpf wufa&mufonhf <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

trIaqmifrsm; vufarmif;wGif teufywf ukd,fpD &pfywfxm;Muonf/<br />

toif;wkdufa½SUwGifvnf;-<br />

]vmrnfUab; ajy;awGY}<br />

]owÅd½SdMuprf;yg}<br />

]nDnmrS jynfomrnf}<br />

]vlrdkuftvdk&Sdonf}<br />

]EdkifiHcsJYtpdk;& ysufpD;ygap}<br />

tp½Sdonfh pmwef;rsm; pkdufxlxm;onf/ tpnf;ta0; tpü ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0wfvHkawmf& OD;ausmfjrifh<br />

ESihf wufbkef;BuD; odef;azwdkYu jynfolUvGwfvyfa&; csKyfcs,frItaMumif;ESihf wkdif;jynfwGif jzpfay:aeaom v,form;?<br />

tvkyform;rsm;\ ta&;udk ½Sif;vif;a[majymonf/<br />

tpnf;ta0;obmywd ukdvSa½Tu ]]rnfhonfhtcgurQ ausmif;om;rsm;onf<br />

rNidrfroufjzpfatmif olykefxatmif rvkyfcJhbl;aMumif;? odkY&mwGif rddrdwdkYonf<br />

tdrfudk rD;avmifvQif acgif;iHkYrqif;bJ atmf&rnfhtjyif rD;Nidrf; oGm;atmifvnf;<br />

owf&rnfjzpfaMumif;? tvkyform;rsm;u csKyfcs,fjcif;rcH&yfEkdifojzifh "e½Sifrsm;xH<br />

oGm;íawmif;Mu&m r&cJhaMumif;? wzef Armjynftpdk;&odkY oGm;awmif;jyef&m "e½Sif<br />

\ BudK;qGJ&muae&ojzifh bmrQrvkyfay;EkdifaMumif;? rdrdwdkYu xrif;udkawmif;&m<br />

olwdkYu ayg&dom'aq;udk xdk;ay;ojzifh tom;ompm;&awmhrnfjzpfaMumif;? ,ck<br />

uJhodkYcsKyfcs,fxm;onfh Oya'rsm;xkwfonfudk NidrfcHaeMuvQif aemiftcgwGiftdrf<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

xJü tdyfaejcif;? xdkifaejcif;? pum;ajymaejcif;? tpm;pm;aejcif;? t0wfwefqm<br />

qifjref;aejcif;udkyif wm;jrpfMuvdrfhrnfudk pdk;&drf&vdrfhjzpfaMumif;? ,cktcg Ouú|<br />

udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqGwkdYrSm ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;ESifh oGm;MupOf tvkyform;wkdY\<br />

epfemcsufrsm;udk awGU½Sdojzifh w&m;a[majym tMuHOmPfay;&mrS tzrf;cHcJh&aMumif;?<br />

rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfí vGwfajrmuf&ef ta&;qdkwdkufyGJ0if&vdrfhrnf jzpfaMumif;?<br />

Ouú|ESifh tusKd;aqmifwkdYudk rvTwfvQif ArmjynfrSm pdk;&drf&aMumif;ESihf wufwuf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wdkUArmtpnf;t½Hk; XmecsKyfudk odrf;,lNyD; ¤if;ae&mü ½Hk;cef;zGifhí tpnf;ta0;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?<br />

qE´jyyGJrsm; &efukefNrdKUwGif;ü jyKvkyf&ef jyifqifcJhMuayonf/ trsKd;om;a&; pdwf"gwf½Sdaom tjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;u<br />

udkvSa½Tudk tcsdefjynfhyg0if ulnDcJhMuonf/ ¤if;wkdYonf yJcl;? a0g? oxHkrS csDwufvmaom v,form;wyfBuD;udk<br />

BudKqkd&ef jyifqifcJhMuonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (14) &uf? nae (4) em&DwGif wuoESifh AuowdkY yl;aygif;í ausmif;aygif;pHk txl;tpnf;<br />

ta0;BuD;udk a½Twd*Hkü usif;y\/ barmf-bOD; tpdk;&tzGJU0if b@ma&;0efBuD; OD;xGef;atmifausmfuvnf; xdktpnf;<br />

ta0;odkY wufa&mufNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; qHk;rpum; tenf;i,fajymMum;vkdaMumif;? tpnf;ta0; obmywdxH<br />

awmif;qdkaomfvnf; obmywdu jiif;y,fonhftjyif ausmif;om;uav;rsm;onf ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&tzGJU0if 0efBuD;<br />

rsm;avmuf rrdkufí qHk;rpum;ajym&ef rvdkaMumif;? ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&tzGJU0ifwkdY\ rsufESmudk rMunfhvdkaMumif;?<br />

½GHrkef;aMumif; jyefajymqdkvkdufojzifh b@ma&;0efBuD;vnf; jyefoGm;&avonf/ tpnf;ta0;ü xkwfjyefaom yk'frrsm;<br />

½kyfodrf;&efESifh zrf;xm;olrsm;tm; vTwf&efqdkaom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;udk qHk;jzwfonfhtjyif tmPmzDqef qE´jy<br />

vSnfhvnf&efudkvnf; qHk;jzwfvkduf\/<br />

(q) yxre,fcsJU tmPmzDqefrI<br />

'DZifbmv (15) &ufaeY? nae (4) em&DcGJwGif a½Twd*HkapwDawmfBuD;\ &m[kaxmifh &ifjyifawmfü &efukefNrdKU<br />

vHk;qkdif&m ausmif;aygif;pHk wdk;csJUtxl;tpnf;ta0;BuD; w&yf qufvuf usif;yMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; omru<br />

vlxkrsm;yg wufa&mufcJhNyD; &[ef;ysKdtzGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? trsKd;orD;tzGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg wufa&muf<br />

Muonf/<br />

NrdKUrausmif;? ykZGefawmif q&mjzpfoif? jrLeDpDy,fausmif;? vrf;rawmf jrLeDpDy,f tv,fwef;ausmif;?<br />

acwfopf aemfrHausmif;? uefawmfav; jrLeDpDy,ftxufwef;ausmif;? rufo'pfausmif;? yJcl;u&if tv,fwef;ausmif;?<br />

ul½Sifausmif;? pdef*Ref;ausmif;? &efukefwuúodkvf? ,k'oefaumvdyf? tpdk;&[kdufpul;ausmif;? aq;ausmif;rS ausmif;<br />

om;? ausmif;olrsm;omru trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;rsm;? ocif? ocifrrsm;? A[kdtcGefxrf;tzGJUrS trIaqmifrsm;?<br />

bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;yg tpnf;ta0; rprDuyif BudKwif a&muf½SdMu&m y&dwfowf waomif;ausmf &m[kaxmifh &ifjyif<br />

wGifru teD;em;½Sd Z&yfrsm;yg jynfhESufí oGm;avonf/<br />

xdkaeY wufa&mufMuaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;rSm pdwftm; wuf

182<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

udkAaqGrSm ausmif;om;rsm; udpöESifh rauG;NrdKUoGm;pOf a&eHoydwform;rsm;rSm "e½Sifomru "e½Sifudk tm;ay;aeonfh<br />

tpkd;&\ tESdyfpufcHaeMu&onfudk awGU&ojzifh trsKd;twGuf w&m;a[majymrd&m rauG;ykvdyfwdkYu tjcm;yk'fr?<br />

yk'fxD; ½SmrawGUojzifh vlqdkk;vlawrsm; zrf;onfh &mZ0wfusifhxHk; udk"Oya' (107) t& zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifxm;vkduf<br />

aMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;\ rSDcdktm;xm;&m ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif ESpfOD;udk rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif;rSm ausmif;om;rsm;udk<br />

yxrtBudrf &efpjcif;omjzpfaMumif;? ,cktcg wkdif;jynfwckvHk;rSm epfemí vGwfvyfrI r½Sdonhftjyif pm;rI? aerI?<br />

xkdifrI? oGm;rI? vmrIwdkYüvnf; usD;vefYpmpm;&ouJhodkY jzpfaevQif rnfonfh EkdifiHrqdk ausmif;om;rsm; EkdifiHa&;xJokdY<br />

0ifa&muf&jcif; jzpfaMumif;? xdkYtwl rdrdwdkYvnf; rvGJra½Smifom 0ifa&mufMu&jcif;jzpfaMumif;}} wdkYudk tus,fw0ifh<br />

½Sif;vif; wifjyonf/<br />

wufbkef;BuD;odef;azuvnf; ]]qif;&Jom; awmifolv,form;rsm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

onf tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;nDñGwfMuNyD; "e½Sif0g'ysufpD;rIESifh "e½Sifudktm;ay;aeonfh tpdk;& ysufpD;atmif MuHaqmif<br />

BudK;pm;Mu&rnf jzpfaMumif;? awmifolawmifom; v,form;rsm; rcsrf;omvQif ausmif;om;rsm; rcsrf;omEkdifaMumif;?<br />

"e½Sifpepfudk ulnDtm;ay;NyD; jynfolwkdYudk n§yfyl;n§yfydwf vkyfaeonfh tpdk;&tzGJUudk tjrefjzKwfcs&rnf jzpfaMumif;}}<br />

ponfjzifh a[majymonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf atmufygtqdkrsm;udk uefYuGufrIr½Sd oHNydKif[pfa

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tpnf;ta0;udk nae (6) em&DwGifatmifjrifpGm½kyfodrf;vkdufonf? þ<br />

uJhodkY vufawGUtm;jzifh ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&\ yk'fr (144) udk tmPmzDqefwdkufzsuf<br />

Mujcif;jzpfonf/ pdwf"gwfwuf

184<br />

20? 12? 38 &ufaehu<br />

twGif;0ef½Hk;a½SY *dwfayguf<br />

t0if0wckwGif ydwfqdkhí<br />

oydwfarSmufaeMuaom<br />

ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

cJhavonf/ udkvSa½Tonf aemuf&ufrsm;wGif tpdk;& tmPmzDqefa&; udpöjr§ifhwifa&;ü wduspGm acgif;aqmif EkdifcJhav<br />

onf/ aemufqHk; tqifhtxd <strong>or*¾</strong> tajctaersm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ NrdKUjyOya' tmPmzDqefa&; vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;<br />

jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ nbufwGif ocifEkESifh ocifodef;azwkdY rdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/ ocifEku ausmif;om;? tvkyf<br />

orm;? v,form;rsm; aoG;pnf;í EkdifiHa&;vIyf½Sm;rI wcktjzpf a&muf½SdoGm;&ef BudK;yrf;MuzkdY vkdtyfaMumif; ajymMum;<br />

oGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; BuD;rm;aom pGefYvTwfrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef ajymMum;oGm;avonf/ tD*spfjynfwGif ausmif;<br />

om; (4) a,muf aoqHk;ygu? ausmif;om; (40) a½SUodkY wdk;wufvmaMumif; ajymMum;avonf/<br />

rnfonfh EkdifiHyifrqdk wkdif;jynfwjynf\ txG#fa&muf½Sda&;? vGwfvyfpGm wnfwHhckdifjrJa&;? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf<br />

a&; ponfrsm;ESifh wkdif;jynfta&; MuHKvmvQif ausmif;om;rsm;\ wuf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

um;rsm;onf wpkwa0;wnf; roGm;MubJ tcsKdUu wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf; twkdif;oGm;Mu\/ udkvSa½TESifh acgif;aqmif<br />

tcsKdUu um;i,fav;wpif;jzifh xGufoGm;\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODa½SUrS pHkaxmufrsm; b,fbufodkY vdkuf&rSef;rod<br />

usef&pfcJh\/<br />

]a'gufwmbarmf tvkdr½Sd}<br />

]ñGefhaygif;tpdk;& tvdkr½Sd}<br />

]qif;&Jom;qkdif;bkwf jzKwfcs}<br />

pojzifh ajrjyiftufrQ wcJeuf [pfatmfa

186<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

ykvdyfESifh ausmif;om;wkdY\ yGJBuD;yGJaumif; pavNyD/ ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifxJrS tqGJcH&olvnf; cH&NyD;<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif; vlrsm;vnf; ysm;yef;cwfrQ a,muf,ufcwf vrf;ovm; aeMuonf/ rsufESmjzL? rsufESmjzLrrsm;<br />

uvnf; um;BuD;? um;i,frsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;udk vmMunfhMuonf/ ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifwkdYonf þae&m<br />

wGif r[wår*E´DBuD;\ t[doopör*¾enf;udk toHk;jyK[ef½Sdonf/<br />

]cifAsm; vufawG[m odyfNyD;jrifUjrwfvSw,f? cifAsm;vufeJh e,fcsJYvufyg;apawGudk rxdxdkkufygbl;}<br />

þenf;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;um; y&d,m,foHk;vsuf ausmif;om;rsm;bufrS tMurf;zufrI rygatmif owd<br />

ay;av\/ eHeuf (9) em&DwGif tpdk;&trIxrf;rsm; ½Hk;wuf&ef a&muf½SdvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u *dwfwHcg;<br />

ayguf0wGif r0ifEkdif&ef oydwfwm;Muavonf/ rMumrD t&m½Sdrsm; a&muf½SdvmNyD; *dwfaygufrS z,fay;&ef ajymqkd<br />

cJhavonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufjrJ arSmufvsuf ½Sdavonf/ (10) em&DcefYwGif jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm; a&muf½SdvmNyD;<br />

aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;udk xyfrH 0kdif;xm;vkdufonf/<br />

eHeuf (11) em&DwGif ta&;ydkif OD;bdk;p a&mufvmNyD; ykvdyfrsm;? ppfykvdyfrsm;? jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;tm; ½kyfodrf;<br />

oGm;ojzifh em&D0uftwGif; r½Sdawmhacs/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ykvdyfrsm; qJG,rf;½dkufESufaejcif;? jrif;rsm;jzifh twif;0ifa&mufeif;onfudk ab;rS &yfMunfh<br />

aeaom vlxkBuD;onf rcHr&yfEkdifjzpfum ykvdyfrsm;udk atmf[pf qJqdk Budrf;armif;Muonf/ jynfolwdkY\ a'grmeftoHrsm;<br />

um; twGif0ef½Hk;BuD; ywf0ef;usif w0kdufwGif yJhwifxyfrQ jzpfcJhMu&\/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk xkaxmif;NzdKcGif; zdESdyfí<br />

tm;r&ao;bJ jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;onf vlxkBuD;udkygjrif;rsm;jzifh 0kdif;í vdkufvHwkdufcdkuf wufeif;cJhMuao;\/ ausmif;<br />

om;? ausmif;olrsm;onf vlrqefatmif t½dkufcHvmMu&m eHygwfwkwf 'PfaMumifh rcsdrqefY jzpfum t½kyfBudK;jywf<br />

vJusonf/ r½I&uf rjrif&ufEkdifaom ausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;olrsm; a½SUrS umuG,f&if; udk,fpm; t½dkkufcHMu&onf/<br />

odkYaomf ausmif;olrsm;rSmvnf; jrif;pD;a*:&m qm*sifrsm;xHrS a0;&modkY rajy;Ekdifay/ jrif;ESifhvdkufí wkdufvnf;wkduf? ½dkuf<br />

vnf;½dkkufonf omru aoG;½l;aoG;wrf; xajy;aeaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;udkyif tn§mray;/ qifhuJqifhuJ<br />

½dkufMuojzifh vrf;wavQmufvHk; aoG;csif;csif; &Jvsuf waxG;BuD;vJaeaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ &ifemp&m<br />

aMuuGJzG,fjzpftifrSm r½I&uf? rjrif&ufp&m aumif;vSayonf/ aoG;tkdifxJü vJusaeaom Adkvfatmifausmfudk ocifvS<br />

az ayGUíxm;\/ udkatmifausmfrSm owdarh aeNyD/ wudk,fvHk; 'Pf&mrsm; jynfhESufum aoG;rsm; pD;usvsuf½Sd\/<br />

,if;odkYaoG;xGufoH,dk? temw& 'Pf&mrGjzifh vJuGJaeMuaom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk ab;rS &yfrMunfh<br />

&ufaom t&yfom;rsm;ESifh ol&d,owif;pmwkduf tay:½Sd NrdKUawmf0ef OD;buav;? atmufvTwfawmftrwf OD;xGef;<br />

atmif? OD;tdrf? rEÅav; ol&d,OD;xGef;&if? rEÅav; OD;pHvSabmf? ykodrftrwf OD;btkef;wkdYu wGJ,lxrf;ydk;í ol&d,wkdufay:<br />

odkY wa,mufNyD; wa,mufwif&m ol&d,wkduftkyf OD;buav;tcef;ESihf t,f'Dwmcs Kyf *VKefOD;apm tcef;rsm;rSm vlem<br />

ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;jzifh jynfhESufvsuf ½Sdaeonf/ trsKd;om;olemjyKwyfrsm;ESifh ol&d,wyfrsm;u aq;0g;<br />

xnfhay;Muonf/ 'Pf&m jyif;xefaom udkatmifausmfESifh wuG ykZGefawmif jrLeDpDy,fausmif;rS udktkef;az? NrdKUrrS<br />

udkoef;atmif? *syfqifaumvdyfrS udkbvIdifwkdY tygt0if vlemwifum;jzifh aq;½HkokdY wokwfNyD; wokwf wifydkYay;<br />

vdkufMuonf/<br />

(ps) wwd,ausmif;om;oydwf*,uf<br />

trsKd;om;olemjyKwyf? NrdKUrolemjyKwyf? rD;owfvlemwifum;rsm;u 'Pf&m&aom ausmif;om;? ausmif;<br />

olrsm;ukd BudK;pm;*½kpdkuf o,f,llydkYaqmifjcif;aMumifh vlem[lorQ aq;½HkodkY csufcsif;a&mufMu&onf/ aq;½Hk<br />

q&m0efrsm;onfvnf; Muifem,k,pGm jyKpkMuavonf/ 'Pf&m&olrsm;\ rcsdrqefYa0'emcHpm; nOf;nL atmf[pfoH<br />

rsm;rSm t0dpDi&Jcef; MunfhjrifMum;od ae&ouJhodkY jzpfaeonf/ ausmif;om;rdb nDtudkarmifESrrsm; vma&mufMuí<br />

atmf[pfidka

188<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(7) udkboef; tkdifat txufwef;<br />

(8) rcifoef; tkdifat txufwef;<br />

(9) rwifñGefY tdkifat txufwef;<br />

wkdYrSm 'Pf&mjyif;xefí twGif;vlemtjzpf Muyfrwfukoae&onf/<br />

NrdKYrausmif;rS<br />

(10) armifboef; (22ESpf)<br />

(11) armifbdk;OD; (18ESpf)<br />

(12) armifvSarmif (21ESpf)<br />

(13) armifxGef;pdef (18ESpf)<br />

(14) armifpdk;vGif (10ESpf)<br />

(15) armifoef;jrifh (17ESpf)<br />

(16) armifarmif (16ESpf)<br />

(17) atmifoef;jrifh (23 ESpf)<br />

(18) armifausmfcif (20 ESpf) twGif;vlem<br />

(19) armifodef;a½T (16 ESpf) twGif;vlem<br />

(20) armifvSaz (17 ESpf)<br />

ausmif;aygif;pHkrS<br />

(21) armifboef; (22 ESpf) &Gmopf urm½Gwf<br />

(22) armif[ef (22 ESpf) ppfudkif;ausmif;aqmif<br />

(23) armifoef; (16 ESpf) [kdufpul;ausmif;<br />

(24) armifausmfpdef (20 ESpf) 12? 24 vrf;<br />

(25) armifb (28 ESpf) 119? 94 vrf;<br />

(26) armifwifoef; (17 ESpf) pdef*Ref;<br />

(27) armifvSarmif (18 ESpf) a&ausmf<br />

(28) armifarmifBuD; (18 ESpf) 111? 42 vrf;<br />

(29) armifodef;vIdif (19 ESpf) trSwf 93? a&Tawmifwef;<br />

(30) armifausmfarmif (20 ESpf) a&ausmf<br />

(31) armifatmifpdef (25 ESpf) 17? vefupfpwmvrf;<br />

(32) armif

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(47) armifausmfñGefY (19 ESpf) 27? yk*Haqmif<br />

(48) armifudkav; (21 ESpf) 9? yk*Haqmif<br />

(49) armifwifarmif (21 ESpf) 10? yk*Haqmif<br />

(50) udkbvIdif (20 ESpf) *syfqifaumvdyf<br />

(51) armifausmftHk; (17 ESpf) ykZGefawmifjrLeDpDy,fausmif;<br />

(52) armifpHodkuf (20 ESpf) vrf;rawmfjrLeDpDy,fausmif;<br />

(53) armifausmf (20 ESpf) ykZGefawmif<br />

(54) armiftkef;az (20 ESpf) ykZGefawmif<br />

(55) armifbñGefY (19 ESpf) tpkd;&[dkufpul;<br />

(56) armifcspf (25 ESpf) ausmif;q&m? ykZGefawmifuGufopf<br />

(57) cspfudkvS (18 ESpf) rufo'pf<br />

(58) armifuef (22 ESpf) ,leDAmpDwD (twGif;vlem)<br />

(59) armifbaX; (16 ESpf) ykZGefawmifjrLeDpDy,f (twGif;vlem)<br />

(60) armifwifarmif (20 ESpf) pdef*Ref; (twGif;vlem)<br />

(61) armifausmf (30 ESpf) 286? pufqef; (twGif;vlem)<br />

(62) armifxGef;wif (26 ESpf) pyg,f½S,faemfrefausmif; (twGif;vlem)<br />

(63) armifbvIdif (20 ESpf) *syfqifaumvdyf (twGif;vlem)<br />

(64) armifausmf (20 ESpf) armfwifvrf; (twGif;vlem)<br />

(65) ocifatmifwif (23 ESpf) 63? 7vrf;<br />

(66) armifodef;atmif (24 ESpf) oxHkaqmif<br />

(67) udkxGef;½Sdef (20 ESpf) oxHkaqmif<br />

(68) armifwifarmif (19 ESpf) rufo'pfausmif;<br />

(69) rjrjr (17 ESpf) 156? 48vrf;? ykZGefawmifjrLeDpyg,f<br />

(70) rapm&D (18 ESpf) bHkabbm;rm;opfpuf<br />

(71) rpdefpdef (16 ESpf) bHkabbm;rm;opfpuf<br />

(72) armifpdef (25 ESpf) trsKd;om;olemjyKwyfzGJU<br />

(73) udkausmfpdef (26 ESpf) owif;vTmt,f'Dwm (twGif;vlem)<br />

(74) OD;xGef;az (38 ESpf) Oya'jyKvTwfawmf<br />

vufa&;wkd pma&; (3) OD;rSm OD;acgif;a&m vufyg 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f &½SdNyD; twGif;vlemtjzpf ukoxm;<br />

&onf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwkdYrSm 'Pf&m&½Hkomru tzrf;tqD;udk 'Pf&mudk,fpDESifh cHcJhMu&ao;onf/ <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

trIaqmifrsm;jzpfaom udkxGef;½Sdef? udkwifarmif? udkodrf;atmif? udkcifarmifwif? udkoef;ESihf udkvSazwkdYrSm 'Pf&mrsm;jzifh<br />

tzrf;cH&NyD; ol&d, t,f'Dwmrsm;\ tmrcHcsufjzifh aq;½HkodkY wifydkYvdkufMu&\/ aemufwaeYxkwf owif;pmrsm;wGif<br />

pmvHk;rJBuD;rsm;jzifh-<br />

]odrfarGYaom ausmif;oluav;rsm;ukd Murf;wrf;pGm ESdyfuGyfjcif;}<br />

]&efukefNrdKY BuD;ü ykvdyfwkwfpGrf; jyjyefNyD}<br />

]a'gufwmbarmf Zmwd½kyfay:NyD}<br />

e,fcsJUvufudkifwkwf ñGefYaygif;tpkd;&onf ajz½Sif;csufw&yfudk xkwfum ausmif;om;rsm;u tMurf;zufvm<br />

í xdef;odrf;&jcif;jzpfaMumif;? &½Sdaom'Pf&mrsm;rSm rajymyavmufaMumif; vdrfnmvsuf½Sd\/ rdrdwdkY\ BuD;rm;aom<br />

trJuGufjypfrIBuD;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHkcsae\/ udkatmifausmfrSm wuúokdvfaq;½HkwGif Muyfrwfukoaeaomf<br />

vnf; owdr&wcsuf &wcsufjzpfae\/ 'Pf&mjyif;xefvSojzifh owd&vmonfhtcg jyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&\/ ol\<br />

EIwfrSvnf; ]uRefawmfwdkh wkdif;jynftwGuf toufpGefhw,f? aocsifaoyap? uRefawmf aoaysmfNyD} wZGwfxdk; ajymvsuf½Sd\/<br />

teD;rS ausmif;om;&JabmfwOD;rS pum;rajym&ef wm;aomfvnf; r&ay/ ]udkvSa½T b,fES,fhvJ? ausmif;om;awG vGwfvyfa&;<br />

eD;NyD? ta&;awmfyHk atmif&r,f? atmif&r,f} udkatmifausmfrSm owdvpfoGm;jyefonf/ owd&vmaomtcg pum;rajymEkdif<br />

bJ taMumifom;Munfhaeonf/ q&m0eftMuHay;csuft& wuúodkvfaq;½HkrS aq;½HkBuD;odkY ajymif;a½TUuko&\/ odkYaomf<br />

roufom? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf udkatmifausmfhtjzpfudkMunfhum e,fcsJUvufudkifwkwf barmf? bOD;<br />

189

190<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&\ ,kwfrmrIudk&ifemvsuf½SdMu\/ þodk Yjzifh wwd,ajrmufaeU<br />

wGif 'DZifbm (22) &uf Mumoyaw;aeY? aeYvnf (1) em&D (25) rdepfwGif OD;<br />

acgif;wGif eHygwfwkwf'Pf&m (3) csufawGUí OD;acgif;cGHuGJoGm;av\/ <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

taqmuftODtvHwdkifrS tvHonf wkdifw0ufodkY wjznf;jznf; avsmhusavNyD?<br />

tmZmenf Adkvfatmifausmf uG,fvGefavNyD/<br />

vufeufryg? tMurf;rzuf tEkoufoufjzifh tvGefw&mEke,fonfh<br />

ausmif;om;? ausmif;oluav;rsm;\qE´jyrIudk a'gufwmbarmf ñGefUaygif;tpdk;&<br />

AsL½dku&ufjynfhtapcHykvdyfwdkYu rn§mrwm &ufpuf½kdif;jyrIaMumifh &efukefwNrdKUvHk;<br />

NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;onf jyif;xefpG m,lMuHK;r& 0rf;enf;Muvsuf tcsif;csif; owif;<br />

ar;oluar;? aq;½HkokdYajy;oluajy;jzpfMuavonf/ rsufjrif awGU½SdMuonfh vef<br />

csm;ukvm;rsm;? bwfpfum;orm;rsm;ESifh jrif;vSnf;orm;rsm;vnf; tvkyf&yf<br />

tmZmenf Adkvfatmifausmf qkdif;vdkufMuonf/ uDvDvrf;ESifh xD;wef;vrf;½Sd Armopfqkdifrsm;onf 0rf;enf;<br />

onfh txdrf;trSwfjzihf qkdifydwfvdkufMuonf/ n (9) em&DwGif ausmif;om;owif; wjynfvHk;odkYjzefUrnfpdk;í &efukefykvdyf<br />

tzGJUonf ol&d,owif;pmwkduftm;0kdif;í owif;"gwfyHkrsm;? bavmufrsm;? ½kdufNyD;pmazmifrsm;udk odrf;vdkufMuonf/<br />

6? 2? 39 aeYxkwf? q,foef;owif;pmwGif ausmif;om; Ouú| udkA[def;onf udkatmifausmf aoqHk;&aom<br />

udpöESifh yufoufí owif;"gwfyHk wckESifhtwl aMunmcsuf wck xkwfcJhavonf/ owif;"gwfyHkrSm ausmif;om;rsm;udk<br />

ykvdyfrsm; ½dkufaepOf ½dkufull;xm;aom yHkjzpfonf/ xdkyHkwGif toufraobJ usef&pfcJhygu tjrefqHk; oufaocHpm&if;<br />

oGif;&ef EdI;aqmfwyfvSefY xm;avonf/ xdktcsdefrSm AdkvfatmifausmfaoqHk;rIESifh ywfoufí &efukefNrdKU txl;&mZ0wf<br />

w&m;olBuD; OD;pdefcdkif ½Hk;wGif trIzGifhppfaq;vsuf½Sdayonf/ atmuf½Hk;w&m;olBuD;url Adkvfatmifausmf aoqHk;&jcif;rSm<br />

ykvdyfESifh ausmif;om;rsm; ½kef;&if;qefcwfjzpf&mrS rawmfwqjzpfonf[k qHk;jzwfxm;onf/<br />

7? 2? 39 aeYxkwf owif;pm pmrsufESm (14) wGif-<br />

]atmifausmfudk ½kdufaom wkwfavm}<br />

]ausmif;om;ukd ykvdyf½kdufpOfu usKd;NyD; usef&pfaom eHygwfwkwf awGY NyD}<br />

]¤if;wkwfudk aocsmpGm ppfaq;&rnf}<br />

ponfh acgif;pOfrsm;jzifh udkA[def;aMunmcsufudk awGU&avonf/<br />

Source: Bo Aung Kyaw Report<br />

]vGefcJhonfU 'DZifbm (20) &ufaeYwGif 0efBuD;rsm;½Hk;teD; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ukd jynfUtapcHykvdyfrsm;u<br />

eHygwfwkwfjzifU ½kdufESufMuNyD;aemuf naeydkif;wGif vlwOD;onf ol&d,t,f'Dwm OD;odrf;armifxHokdh vma&mufum<br />

eHygwfwkwf tusKd;wacsmif; ay;oGm;avonf/ xdkeHygwfwkwf tusKd;rSm udkatmifausmfudk ½kdufojzifU usKd;oGm;aom<br />

eHygwfwkwfjzpfaMumif;} ajymoGm;avonf/<br />

tpkd;&cefYxm;aom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDa½SUwGif udkatmifausmf toufqHk;½HI;&um ausmif;om;aygif; (200)<br />

ausmfwdkY\aoG; ajrodkYusapcJhonfh w&m;cHtppfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjy&ef igwdkYwm0efjzpfonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh eHygwfwkwftusKd;udk ol&d, owif;pmwkdufodkY ay;tyfcJhaomolonf tjrefqHk; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf<br />

BuD;odkY vma&muf taMumif;Mum;apvkdaMumif;/<br />

A[def;<br />

(Ouú|)<br />

Auo<br />

þodkY udkatmifausmfudk owfaom w&m;cHudk azmfxkwfEkdif&ef BudK;pm;Muonf/ rEÅav;NrdKU tmZmenf (17)<br />

OD; onfvnf; ykvdyfvufcsufjzifh aoqHk;cJh&jyefavonf/ udkatmifausmf aoqHk;rIESifh yufoufí wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;?<br />

udk,fhrif;udk,fhcsif;tzGJU0if atmufvTwfawmftrwf ocifjrESihf ociftHhBuD;wkdYonf Armjynfbk&ifcHxHokdY uefYuGufpmESifh<br />

twl ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS EkwfxGufpmyg wifvkdufonf/ xkdYtwl tpdk;&u wifajr§mufxm;aom txufvTwfawmf<br />

trwf NrdKUrausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;bvGifonfvnf; ausmif;om;ykvdyfta&;wGif tpdk;&jyKrlyHkudk vHk;0uefYuGuf½HkrQru trwf<br />

tjzpfyg EkwfxGufaMumif;? rdrdtm; ay;tyfxm;aom (autdkiftdwfcsf) KIH bGJUxl;udkvnf; jyefítyfaMumif;? bk&ifcHESihf<br />

jynfxJa&;XmeodkY pmydkYvdkufavonf/ tif;pdefaxmif bDatwef;wGif a&muf½Sdaeaom ocifav;armif? OD;tmp&d,ESifh

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ukvm;? jrefrm (17) a,mufonf vnf;aumif;? aemufxyf a&mufvmaom udkA[def;wdkY (5) OD;onfvnf;aumif;?<br />

ausmif;om;xk aoG;ajruscJh&jcif;ESifh ywfoufí tpmiwfcH qE´jyMuonf/ rauG;axmif½Sd EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh<br />

oydwf acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; tvm;wl tpmiwfcHqE´jyMuonf/<br />

(n) udkatmifausmfpmay<br />

vli,f<br />

þaeYum; jrefrmjynf uRefouf (53) ESpf wif;wif;jynfhaom aeYaywnf;/ tcsdefum; (9) em&DcefY ½Sdayrnf/ rdk;um;<br />

wzGJzGJESifh ½Gmvsuf½Sd\/ touf (16) ESpfcefY½Sdaom vli,fwa,mufonf taqmif;vnf;ryg? rdk;½Gmonfudkvnf; *½kpkduf[ef<br />

rwl? wa,mufwnf; cyfjznf;jznf;yif <strong>or*¾</strong>½Hk;odkY a&mufvmayNyD/ wHcg;0odkYa&mufaomtcgaemufodkYwcsufiJhí Munfh<br />

vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf cHkbdeyfudk cRwfvkduf\/ ukwftusÐudk puúefYtenf;i,frQ pkdufMunfhae\/ Munfh&if;rsufESmü oabm<br />

rusaom tjcif;t&mwdkY ay:vm\/ csufjcif;tusÐudk cRwfvsuf ab;odkYcsvdkuf\/ xkdYaemuf toif;½Hk;a½SUjrufcif;ay:odkY<br />

qif;oGm;av\/ a'gif;tvHBuD;u rdk;a&xJwGif wkdifw0ufü wnfvsuf½Sd\/ ajcudkpHk&yfí acgif;iHkUvsuf (2) rdepfcefY<br />

tvHudk t½kdtaoay;ae\/ rdk;aygufwkdYu ol\acgif;ay:odkY usvsuf½Sd\/ a'gif;tvHudk wcsufrQarmfMunfhNyD;aemuf<br />

toif;½Hk; xJokdY0ifum cRwfxm;aom tusÐESifh bdeyfudk 0wfvsuf tay:xyfodkY wufoGm;av\/<br />

wzufcef;üum; b,folrQr½Sday? vli,fonf tcef;xJodkY0ifum [kd[kdonfonf avQmufíMunfhav\/ vli,f\<br />

rsufvHk;wkdYonf tvif;owif;pmqDokdY a&mufoGm;\/ rsufvHk;ESifh twlwlygoGm;NyD;vQif owif;pmudk,lvsuf ukvm;xkdif<br />

wvHk;wGif0ifí xkdifvdkuf\/ pm½Gufw½GufNyD; w½GufavQmufí vSefvm&m tv,fem;odkY a&mufívmawmh\/ pm&Gufu<br />

tjcm;pm&Gufrsm;ESifhrwl? pmvkH;wkdYu tpdrf;a&mifwkdYjzifh ESdyfxm;ukefav\/ vli,f\vufonf &yfí oGm;av\/<br />

rsufvHk;wdkUonf pmudkpl;pkdufí aeMuawmh\/ wcef;vHk;um; wdwfvsuf½Sd\/ olum; pmrsufESmav;rsufESmcefY<br />

zwfNyD;onfhaemufwGif ukvm;xkdifay:wGif acgif;udkiJhí rvIyfr,Sufaeawmhav\/<br />

tcef;ab;½Sd trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;\ yHkwdkYonf olYtm;pkdufMunfhvsuf½Sd\/ rsufawmifum; tenf;i,frQ rcwf?<br />

a½SUwGif½Sdaom owif;pmukd 0g;pm;rwwfpkdufí Munfhaeav\/ Munfh&if;Munfh&if; rsufESmrSm ajymif;í vmawmh\/<br />

wjznf;jznf; a'goa&mifvTrf;í vmawmh\/ rsufvHk;onf us,fíus,fí vmawmh\/ vlvnf;a½SUodkY udkif;ívmay\/<br />

xdkYaemuf ]]awmuf}}[k cyfjyif;jyif;acgufcg ae&mrSxvdkuf\/ xNyD;aemuf ab;ywfvnfudk Munfhvdkuf\/ trsKd;om;aeY<br />

wGif udkif&ef? avQmuf&ef pmwrf;rsm;rSm tkwfrsm;ESifhuyfvsuf eH&HwGifaxmifíxm;ayonf/ pmwrf;wckonf olYtm;a½S;OD;pGm<br />

qD;íEIwfqufavonf/ vlum;awGvnf; ½Sday\/ e*kdu a'goa&mifvTrf;aom rsufESmonf ydkíwif;rmvmay\/<br />

rsufvHk;rsm;rSm xdkpmwrf;udk pkdufMunfhae&mrS owif;pmbufodkY wzefjyefí a&mufvmjyefonf/ owif;pmxJ½Sd<br />

"gwfyHkwdkYonf ol\a½SUwGif rvIyfr,Suf wnfvsuf½Sdae\/ rsufvHk;xJrS rsuf&nfwkdYonf rsufawmifESpfcsuf tcwfü<br />

owif;pmay:odkY usum "gwfyHkrsm;ukd oGm;íuefawmhMuav\/ acgif;onf wzefjyefí axmifvmjyef\/ rsufvHk;wdkYum;<br />

ae&majymif;í usufpm;aeMujyefav\/ vlwudk,fvHk; acgif;ESifh rsufvHk;rsm;om vIyfvsuf ½Sday\/<br />

]onf;nnf;cHvQif olhuRefjzpf}<br />

[laompmwrf;onf ol\rsufvHk;udkqD;í {nfhcHjyef\/ vli,f\pdwfESifhpmwrf;onf oabmcsif; wkduf[efwl\/<br />

rsufvHk;wdkYonf ydkrdkípl;pkdufvm\/ rsufESmrSmydkrdkí cufxefvmay\/ tHoGm;wkdYudk uGJoGm;rwwfBudwfvdkuf\/ uspfuspf<br />

ygatmif qkwfxm;aomvufrSm txufodkY tenf;i,fajrmufvm\/ rsufaphum; ... owif;pmodkY vnfjyefav\/<br />

ra½S;raESmif;yif ]][if;}} [k oufrudkcsvdkuf\/ owif;pmxJ½Sd"gwfyHkwdkYrSm ,ciftwdkif;yif½Sdao;\/ pmrsm;um;<br />

vli,f \ pdwfESifh trlt&mudkodMu[efrwl? þtBudrfacgif;vSnfhvkdufaomtcg ]aMumufarG;yg Zm*emeJhElwf} [laom<br />

pmwrf;qDodkY rsufrSef;wrf;í oGm;av\/ oli,frsufESmonf tenf;i,f NyHK;a,mifa,mif&SdvmNyD;aemuf rsufaphudk<br />

ae&ma&TU oGm;jyefav\/ ]aoG;pkyfaumifawG owfypf} tp½Sdojzifh a&;xm;onfhpmwrf;BuD;tm; aygufíoGm;rwwf<br />

pkdufí Munfhaejyefav\/ olYrsufESmonf arSmifrJívmum vlvnf;tenf;i,f wkefvmay\/ rsufESmum; bDvl;0ifouJhodkU<br />

xif&\/ wzefowif;pmudk pl;pkdufMunfh aejyefav\/ MunfhavMunfhav ydkí aMumufp&m aumif;vmayawmh\/<br />

ra½S;raESmif;yif ]]'Hk;}} [k pm;yGJudk vufoD;ESifhxkvsuf ]½kdif;vkdufavuGm} [kqkdum tcef;wGif;rS ½kwfw&uf xGufoGm;awmh\/<br />

tcef;wGif;um; ydkrdkwdwfqdwfvsuf usef&pfav\/ pmtkyfrsm;rSm zwfoludk arQmfvsuf ½SdMuukef\/ trIaqmifrsm;\<br />

"gwfyHkrsm;um; eH&Hay:wGif rvIyfr,Suf wnfjrJwnfvsuf aeay\/<br />

]trsKd;twGuf toufpGefhavmU} [laompmwrf;av;rSm avwkdufojzifh tenf;i,fvIyfíoGm;ayawmh\/ tjyifwGif<br />

rdk;um;½Gmvsufyif/<br />

udkatmifausmf<br />

191

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

udkodef;atmif / / a[h bkd;atmifqef;? cifAsm;tm;usNyD; uwHk;Adkvfau xm;wJhvl (2) a,mufawmh ½SdNyD? udkvSa½T<br />

&,f? udkatmifausmf&,fav/<br />

udkatmifqef; / / vGwfvyfwJhArmjynfBuD;rSm uRefawmftmPm½Sifjzpf&iftukefvHk;uwHk;Adkvfauxm;zkdY trdefUay;r,f/<br />

udkatmifausmf/ / uwHk;Adkvfauu xm;wmcsif;wlayr,fh ½l;wmcsif;awmh udkatmifqef;u omw,f/<br />

udkatmifqef; / / rdkufrJwJhae&musawmh cifAsm;u omygw,f/ cifAsm; ½kyfudku rIefukwfukwf? ykuGuGeJY/<br />

(#) udkatmifausmfpsmye<br />

udkatmifausmfpsmyeukd wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;rS a½SUaqmifí &efukefpD&ifpk wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;? ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? wuotrIaqmifrsm;tjyif &efukefausmif;om;rsm; tzGJUtpnf; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? oHCm<br />

awmfrsm;ESifh NrdKUrdNrdKzrsm; yl;aygif;í psmyeaumfrwDzGJUpnf;MuNyD; BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;yonf/ xdktwGif; &efukefNrdKU<br />

twGif;½Sd wuúodkvfESifh txufwef;ausmif;rsm;onf oydwf qufvufarSmufvsuf ½SdMuNyD; NrdKUrausmif;wGif oydwf<br />

pcef;tjzpf xm;½Sdavonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (24) &ufwGif psmyeaumfrwDonf udkatmifausmf\tavmif;udk aq;½HkBuD; a&cJwdkufrS wuo<br />

toif;wkdufodkY ydkY&ef xkwf,lMuonf/ xkdodkY xkwf,laepOf ocifpHxGef;vStm; bk&ifcH\ ta&;wBuD;Oya't&<br />

zrf;qD;xm;Muonf/ 'DZifbm (27) &ufaeYwGif udkatmifausmfpsmyeudk MuHawmokóefodkY ydkYaqmifMu&ef psmye<br />

aumfrwDu pDpOfNyD; udkatmifausmftm; ol&Jaumif; tmZmenftjzpf ]aersKd;oD[ol& Adkvfatmifausmf} bGJUudk ay;<br />

tyf Muonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf\ psmyetcrf;tem;wGif zwfMum;&eftwGuf udkA[def;? udkAaqG? ocifxdef0if;? ocifpdk;?<br />

ocifvSarmifponfh &Jabmfrsm;u t"d|mef pmwrf;wapmif ay;ydkY\/<br />

aeYvnf (2) em&DwGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;a½SUwGif ,leDazmif;0wf wyfom;rsm;u aMuuGJzG,f&m aumif;<br />

avmufatmif c&moHrsm;ESihf udkatmifausmftm; t½kdtaojyKNyD;aemuf ½kyfuvmyfudk o,faqmifum ,mOfonf pwif<br />

xGufcGmvmonf/ a½SUqHk;rS oHCmawmfrsm;tzGJU? oDv½Sifrsm;? avmu"HtzGJUrsm;? Armhvuf½Hk;wyf? &Jwyf? pnf;umuG,f<br />

a&;wyfom;rsm;? trsKd;orD;tzGJUrsm;? 0wftoif;rsm;? owif;pmwkdufom;rsm;? ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;? EkdifiHa&;<br />

tzGJUrsm; yg0ifMuonf/ tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;wkdYu 0rf;enf;aom txdrf;trSwftjzpf 'dkYArmtrsKd;om;tvHESihf a'gif;<br />

tvHrsm;? tvHeufBuD;rsm;udk w0ufvTifhxlum vkdufygvmMu\/<br />

tvHrsm;ay:wGif ]tmZmenfAdkvfatmifausmf igwkdhrarUEkdif}<br />

ponfjzifh pmwrf;rsm; a&;om;xm;Muonf/ jrif;NydKifuGif;rS a*smfuDrsm;yifvQif jrif;pD;t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh<br />

vkdufygydkYaqmifMuonf/ MuHawmokóefwGif oHCmawmfrsm;a&mufESifh aeMuaomfvnf; vkdufygydkYaqmifaom toif;<br />

tzGJUrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;oly&dowfrsm;rSm wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>rS xGufí rqHk;ao;ay/ 0J,mwGifvnf; Munfh½Ionfh<br />

y&dwfowfBuD;rSm wkd;raygufavmufatmif ½Sdayonf/ okóefodkY tavmif;a&mufvQif c&mrsm;udk rIwfí wyfom;rsm;<br />

onf aemufqHk; t½dktaojyKMuonf/ ]tmZmenf Adkvfatmifausmf} [k oHkk;Budrfwkdif a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1938 ck? 'DZifbmv (27) &ufaehwGif MuHawmokóefü jyKvkyfcJUaom Adkvfatmifausmf psmyetcrf;tem;<br />

NrdKUrq&modef;u psmyeaumfrwDudk,fpm; t"d|mefjyK csD;usL;pmwrf;udk zwfMum;onf/<br />

]]tdk- tmZmenf &Jabmfudkatmifausmf? toifum; vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJwGif wyfOD;AdkvfrSL;tjzpfjzifh igwkdYonf<br />

,aeYupí urÇmwGif ArmwnfaeorQ umvywfvHk; pdwfESvHk;wGif aemufqHk; rSwfpGJwnfjrJapawmh\/ tdk tmZmenf<br />

&Jabmfudkatmifausmf toiftm; rn§mrwm ½dkufESuftyfaom jynfhtapcHykvdyfwdkY\oHwkwfonf igwkdYem;xJü<br />

vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJwGif yg0ifqifEJTMu&ef w&Hrjcm; vIHUaqmfouJhodkY tjrJMum;a,mifapvdrfhtHh/<br />

tdk- tmZmenf&Jabmfudkatmifausmf toif\xkxnfBuD;rm;aom cEÅDw&m;onf toifhtm; r&PEkdifiHokdkY<br />

ydkYaqmifouJhodkY igwkdYArmvlrsdK;wkdY\ tem*wfvkyfief;onf ArmjynfBuD;tm; udk,fhrif;ukd,fhcsif; tjzpfodkY<br />

a&mufatmifydkYaqmif ay;vdrfhtHh/<br />

tdk- tmZmenf &Jabmfudkatmifausmf zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif; yk'frtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk onf;cHjcif;vufeufjzifh rqkwfrepf<br />

wkdufzsuf&mü toif\rGefjrwfvSaom aojcif;onf jrefrmjynf\ESvHk; vGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdifokdY ydkYaqmifrnfh<br />

a½SUajy;erdwfjzpfapvdrfhtHh/<br />

tdk- tmZmenf&Jabmfudkatmifausmf toif\ jrifhjrwfaompdwf"gwf? cdkifjrJaomZGJ? onf;cHEkdifaom owåd?<br />

udk,fusKd;rzufaom oabm? toufpGefUpm;aom t&nftcsif;wdkYrS ul;pufavmifNrdKuftyfaom rD;awmufrD;vQH<br />

BuD;onf igwkdYArmwrsdK;om;vHk;\ pdwfESvHk; twGif;0,f tpOfrjywf w[l;[l;w[kef;[kef; awmufavmifapvdrfh<br />

tHhownf;/}}<br />

]]ta&;awmfyHk atmifygap}}<br />

[k ed*Hk;owfMum;um c&moHrsm;jzifh psmyetcrf;tem;udk tqHk;owfvdkufonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf<br />

usqHk;aMumif; owif;onf wr[kwfcsif; jynfvHk;uRwfysHUESYHum a&eHoydwfBuD; jynfNrdKUodkY qkdufa&mufcsdefESifh<br />

wdkufqkdifonfh tavsmuf xdkjynfNrdKU½Sd oydwfwyfzGJYwckvHk; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ txdrf;trSwfjzifh (1)&ufrQ csDwufyGJudk<br />

&yfem;um tpmiwfcHqE´jyMuonf/<br />

193

194<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

Adkvfatmifausmf ewfoH<br />

pmtkyfu,frS uavmifav - -<br />

odyÜHtaygif;? 0duúmatmif;onfh<br />

ausmif;rsm;acgifu<br />

Adkvfatmifi,frS rnfwifh<br />

ausmfwqifhESifh? rif;rifhaemifnD/<br />

ig - - Zmenfudk? vmNyDBudKMu/<br />

oajyyef;ESifh a&csrf;aqmifum<br />

atmifpnfpavmh/<br />

ESri,f jzLjzL?<br />

ynmpD;yGm;? pGrf;tiftm;ESifh<br />

tifvsm;olwkdY<br />

igrltp? a½S;b0u<br />

ESrwdkYES,f<br />

aysmfaysmfyg;yg;? [kdonfoGm;vdkY<br />

Mum;cJhw,f/ /<br />

aemif0,faomcg<br />

ighrd? ighb uRefb0udk<br />

jrif&ravsmf? pdwfraysmffí<br />

&Jabmftrsm;? opömtm;ESifh<br />

MudK;pm&mwGif? Mur®mighuH/<br />

wvlYb0?½IrvSatmif<br />

ighudk,fcHí? &efolvufeuf<br />

qHwdkqHawmif;? bmraqmif;onhf<br />

ighacgif;xufrSm? qufumqufum<br />

0if;0if;vQHawmuf? rl;armfaemufatmif<br />

usa&mufvmaomf ighrSmrcsd<br />

bk&m;u,fyg? atmfjrnfygvnf;<br />

uGmowdESifh? igrd&ifcGif<br />

þajrjyifwGif? igvQifvJJí<br />

atmifyGJcHonf? EkdifiHomaMumif;<br />

igqkawmif;rnf aomif;odef;oef;ausmf<br />

wdkY&JabmfwdkY / /<br />

rif;ok0Pf

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(X) 'dkhausmif;om;oDcsif;<br />

pma&;ol- a½TwdkifñGefh<br />

1/ ( w&m;vrf;aMumif; aumif;wmudk&nf rSef&moabmeJh ajymyg&ap? ausmif;om;csif; toif;awmf<br />

udkwnf MuHaqmiforQawG atmif&rnf ) 2<br />

uRefynmy,fzsufrnf? wu,frrufonf? y,fzsufrnf? onfynm 'dkYrvdkNyD tydkbJ xifawmhonf?<br />

ocifynm½SmpdkYtwnf igwdkYjynf? ½SmpdkYtwnf vkyfudkifumpm;Ekdifonf? xift½Sm;wufvrf;rSD?<br />

odkYrSomyiftwnf? om;auR;rI? r,m;auR;rI wckynm udk,fpDygEkdifrnf/<br />

(oHNydKif) ( urÇmrSm omwnf? wufvlrsm;pGefhpm;NyD; ArmtmZmenf? ausmif;om;awG aqmif½Gufrnf ) 2<br />

( ckaetcgrSm 'dkhArmjynf? ta&;BuD;vmaygh twnf ) 2 atmf - - aoG;pnf;ygawmhrnf - <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

a½SUaqmifcsufudk rysufatmifMuHpnf ( nDap-nDr,f ) 2 wu,fhwu,fwef;nD ( wdkhausmif;om; ) 2<br />

wdkYausmif;olrsm; pGefYpm;zdkYawmfNyD/<br />

2/ wdkif;jynfta&; aqG;aEG;rnf? at;at;awmhjzifh raeEkdifonf? wdkYArmtaygif; aumif;pm;rnf?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u aqmif½GufNyD ( owÅdcJrdkh ETJrnf? wdkh&JabmfyDyD ) 2<br />

[ a[h ] toufudkvJ pGefY0Hhonf trsKd;bmom? omoemtwGuf udk&nf - - /<br />

(oHNydKif) urÇmrSmomtwnf - - ( wdkYausmif;om; ) 3 rsm; pGefYpm;bdkYawmfNyD/<br />

3/ ( vGwfvyfap&ef {uefrvGJNyD? ZGJoef&rnf? ausmif;om;MuH&if cHEkdif½kd;vm;? BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrnf )<br />

tjrJaemfaumif;bkdYom ,HkMunf? &Jabmftaygif;wkdYyg pHknD? *kPfwufatmif MuHaqmifrnf?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; pdwfxm;nD? tm;xkwfMuawmhonf? rkcsyif atmifEkdifrnf/<br />

À<br />

'dkhausmif;om;oDjcif;<br />

pma&;ol- a½Tnmarmif<br />

(1) 'kdYArmjynf0,f . . qefa&pyg;&,fausmufoHywåjrm;&,f . . aygrsm;ygvsuf? vGwfvyfa&;eJYa0;cJhavw,f .<br />

. rGefjrefrmrsm;r,f? vGefpGm½Sm;w,f . . rcsrf;omEkdifawmhw,f/ rdbrsm; . . qif;&J,ifuG,f? 'kdYausmif;om;awG<br />

vlwef;aphatmif raeEkdifMuzG,f/ uRefynmoif&,ifjzifh? ausmif;xGuf,if tvkyfrJhr,f? 'dkYArmawG xrif;0atmif<br />

rpGrf;aqmifEkdifbl;wu,f? ocifynm&atmif 'dkYArmrsm; BudK;pm;MuapzG,f/<br />

(0dkif;qdk) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;BuD;&,f? 'dkYausmif;om;rsm;&JU? pnf;½Hk;&m pka0;&m tm;pk&m atmifajr rSefayw,f<br />

(ausmif;om;rsm;wdkh&,f) 2 ocifynm&atmif <strong>or*¾</strong>a½SUaqmifcsufudkry,f . . nDñGwfpGm trSefwu,f ra½Smifwrf;<br />

atmifyef;qGwfzdkY½G,f/<br />

(2) 'kdYausmif;om;&Jabmf . . AdkvfatmifausmfeJY &wemyHka½Tref;NrdKU&,fu tmZmenfrsm;<br />

(ta&;awmfyHkBuD;0,f - wyfOD;u usqHk;cJUw,f) 2 'dkYausmif;om;rsm;&,f? trsKd;twGuf wu,f - 'dkYtoufudk<br />

zuf½Gufavmufyif rrIcJhygawmhw,f . . /<br />

(3) &JabmfwkdY . . ta&;BuD;avNyD - aoG;pnf;MuygpdkY . . tcsufus ÓPfajrmfaxmufzG,f - <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

tvHawmfatmuf0,f - ArmhvGwfvyfa&;udk 'kdYaoG;cJeJY wnfaqmufr,f/ MuHhMuHhckdifckdif? r,dkifr,drf;bJ 'dkYpdwfZGJ&,f<br />

- ocifynmudk-ocifynmudk - r&vQif - r&vQif - &atmif,lpkdYuG,f/<br />

À<br />

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ü *Dwya'omuyGJwckusif;yí 'dkYausmif;om;oDcsif; (2)<br />

yk'fudk tqdkygyGJwGif oDqdkjyMuyg&ef pDpOfMuonf/ xdkoDcsif;teuf a½TwdkifñGefYonf wD;0kdif;tpHkESifhvmaomfvnf;<br />

a½TnmarmifoDcsif;udkrl udkaX;NrdKif ('*kefwm&m) u pE´,m;wD;í? udkokc ('g½dkufwm OD;okc) u pnf;vkdufwD;ay;onf<br />

rSwfcsuf- a½Tnmarmif\ ]'dkhausmif;oDjcif;}udk (wuúodkvfausmif;om;a[mif; a½Tnmarmifa&;onfh ]]wuúodkvfrS aw;wyk'f}}?<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfESpf 50 jynfh? 1970? pm-118? 199) rS jyefvnfwdkufqdkifppfaq;NyD; rl&if;twdkif;azmfjyonf/<br />

195

196<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

oDcsif;qdkyGJNyD;aomtcg ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; csufjcif; tpnf;ta0; xkdifMuonf/ oDcsif; (2) yk'fpvHk;udk<br />

'dkYausmif;om; oDcsif;tjzpf vufcHvkdufonf/<br />

(!) ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; ta&;awmfyHk<br />

1938 wGif ref;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;onf &efukefwuúodkvfrS ausmif;om;tmPm½Sif udkvSa½T?<br />

ref;OypmaumvdyfrS pmar;yGJatmifoGm;í &efukefwuúodkvfwGif qufvuf ynmoifMum;aeaom udkodef;atmifwkdY<br />

acgif;aqmifí ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;udk ulnDonfhtaeESifh oydwfarSmufjyefonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUwGif xkwfxm;aomyk'fr<br />

(144) wdkufzsuf&ef pdkif;jyif;aeMuonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusif awmfvSefa&;yk'fr (144) wkdufzsufa&;t& rEÅav;pD&ifpk<br />

wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;onf vQdKU0SufpGm pDpOfaeavonf/ yk'fr (144) wkdufzsufa&;wGif rEÅav;NrdKU vlxkBuD;w&yfvHk;<br />

yl;aygif;yg0ifvm&ef &[ef;ysKdtzGJYBuD;uvnf; tm;oGefBudK;yrf;vsuf ½Sdonf/ yk'fr (144) t"dyÜg,frSm qlylvIyf½Sm;rI?<br />

t"du½kPf;jzpfrI ponfwkdYudk ray:ayguf rjzpfyGm;ap&ef BudKwifwm;qD;xm; aom Oya'jzpfonf/<br />

ref;Oypmaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong> udkatmif? udkcifndKESifh udkMunfarmif (aemif 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; jrifhatmif) wkdYyg0if<br />

aom oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf &[ef;ysKdtzGJUtm; acgif;aqmifay;&ef ½dkaopGmavQmufxm; yefMum;NyD;<br />

aemuf wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk; ocif? ocifrrsm;ESifhvnf; NrdKUvlxktm; odrf;oGif;pnf;½Hk;vsuf ½Sdonf/ NrdKUvkH;uRwf<br />

vlxkqE´jyyGJBuD; usif;y&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;ESifh qE´jyyGJudk tultnDay;&eftwGuf &efukefwuúodkvfrS<br />

udkausmfNidrf;udk apvTwfvdkufaomfvnf; udkausmfNidrf;rSm rEÅav;NrdKUa&mufNyD;umrS &efukefwGif udpöay:í tvQiftjref<br />

jyefoGm;&ojzifh &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;tzGJUrS udkvSarmif (AkdvfaZ,s? &JabmfoHk;udsyf) udk xyfrHapvTwfcJhonf/<br />

udkvSarmifrSm ref;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;aom rEÅav;ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;ESifh vufwGJwkdufyGJ0ifcJhonf/<br />

rEÅav;NrdKUBuD;onf NidrfoufaeNyD[k trsm;atmufarhaeMuonfh tawmtwGif; tmPm½SifudkvSa½T\<br />

atmufyg trdefYxGufvmaomtcg vIyfvIyf½G½Gjzpfvmonf/<br />

ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf<br />

(trSwf 36)<br />

ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

txufyg trdefYaMunmpmudk MunfhvQif ae&mvyfudkom vlwdkif;rsufpdwGif jrifMu&\/ odkY&mwGif tdajE´<br />

raqmifEkdifatmif MuufoD;arG;nif;xaeonfh ykvdyfawmfrif;wkdY\ tEÅ&m,fjyKap&ef xkwfaomtrdefY[k jrifvm<br />

[efwlojzifh-<br />

(1) "gwfpuf½HkESifh "gwf&xm;rsm;ydwfapjcif;?<br />

(2) t*FvdyftvkyfwkdufawG ydwfapjcif;?<br />

(3) blwm½Hkudk ppfwyftapmifh xm;jcif;?<br />

(4) bPfwkdufrsm;udk ydwfapjcif;?<br />

(5) *gwfawGudk tapmifhppfwyf xm;jcif;?<br />

(6) eef;awmfBuD;twGif; jrefrm r0if&jcif;?<br />

(7) vufeufa&mif;aom wdkufudk a½TUapjcif;?<br />

ponfh pDrHcsuf ykvdyfawmfrif;rsm;\tjrifus,faom rSefbDvl;rsufvHk;rsm;aMumifh azaz:0g&Dv (8) &uf<br />

aeYu NrdKU&Gm xdwfvefY ajcmufjcm;&onfomru ausmif;om;ESifh &[ef;awmfrsm;udk zrf;qD;&eftwGuf t*Fvdyf ppf<br />

AdkvfcsKyfBuD;? ppfAdkvfuav;? ukvm;ppfAdkvf? ucsifppfAdkvf? ujym;ppfAdkvf vlrsKd;pHkyg0ifaom ppfonfawmfrsm;pGmudk<br />

rEÅav;NrdKUü csxm;avonf/ ¤if;tjyif-<br />

(1) tdrfomêud tdrfomMum;u acsmif;ajrmif; Munfhí jriforQudk tpD&ifcHjcif;?<br />

(2) refusnf;yifay:rS nOfheufoef;acgif acsmif;ajrmif;í idkufjrnf;NyD;vQif tpD&ifcHjcif;?

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(3) vufbuf&nfqkdif? umzDqkdifrsm;wGif *sydk;xdk;[ef xkdifNyD; ykvdyfrSef;odoludk ajcmufvHk;? vSefYvHk;rsm;ay;í<br />

owif;rSef[k pHkaxmufwkdYu xifí tpD&ifcHjcif;?<br />

(4) uav;oli,f vlrr,fwkdYudk ar;jref;í uav;rsm; ajymorQudk tpD&ifcHjcif;?<br />

(5) waeYwrl;ay;í wpfrl;wef pHkaxmufwkdY ajymorQudk tpD&ifcHjcif;?<br />

(6) rdef;rxdef;u tEÅ&m,fuif;&ef tvdkYiSm avmuGwfacsmfí ay;aom owif;udk tpD&ifcHjcif;?<br />

ponfjzifh rzG,fr&m tkef;oD;a

198<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(c) ArmjynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;vTwfawmfu awmif;qdkonfudk þrEÅav;NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;<br />

ta0;BuD;u awmif;qdkaMumif;?<br />

(8) txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tus,fw0ifh a&;om;½Sif;vif;í e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>toD;oD;u yHkESdyfí awma&m<br />

NrdKUygrusef urf;vSrf;a0iS&ef oabmwlnDaMumif;/<br />

tqdk (3)<br />

þNrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;tNyD;wGif pnf;urf;ao0yfpGm vrf;avQmufMu&ef tqdkwifoGif;aMumif;/<br />

tqdk (4)<br />

,ckt*Fvdyftpkd;&wdkYu Armjynftm; ay;tyfxm;onfh tkyfcsKyfa&;topfrSm tESpfryg tumtwdjzpfNyD;<br />

Armjynf½Sd tvkyform;? v,form;? qif;&Jom;wdkY\ aumif;usKd;udk zefwD; ray;Ekdif½HkrQru ArmvlrsKd; tcsif;csif;<br />

aoG;uGJonfxuf uGJaprnfh pepfqkd;rsm; ½Sdaeonfudk þNrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u vHk;0 axmufcHygaMumif;?<br />

vuf½SdñGefYaygif;tpdk;& rwnfwHh&eftwGufaomfvnf;aumif;? EkwfxGufoGm;&eftwGufaomfvnf;aumif;?<br />

twkduftcHrS t,HktMunfr½Sd tqdkwifoGif;í ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfusa&;udkaomfvnf;aumif; tjrefqHk;<br />

BudK;pm;Mu&ef/<br />

tqdk (5)<br />

t*FvdyfwdkY Armjynfudk vma&muf odrf;ydkufpOfuwnf;u Armjynf½SdtdrfwGif; pufrIvufrI trsKd;rsKd;wdkY<br />

wdrfaum yaysmufoGm;onfrSm ,aeYwkdifatmifyif jzpfí ,cktcg Armjynf½Sd awmifolv,form; qif;&Jom;rS<br />

pí? ypönf;OpömckdifvHkaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;txd EkdifiHjcm;rS wifoGif;aom ukefacsmrsm; oHk;pGJaeMujcif;aMumifh Armjynf<br />

aiGrsm; waeYxufwaeY EkdifiHjcm;odkY avsmhqif;onfudk awGU&aMumif;/ þt"du csdKU,Gif;csufudk umuG,f&ef<br />

ArmvlrsKd; rSeforQ-<br />

1/ ArmtrsKd;om;qkdifrsm;udk tm;ay;&ef?<br />

2/ wdkif;&if;jzpfukefypönf;rsm;udkom tm;ay;&ef?<br />

3/ EkdifiHjcm;jzpf roHk;vQifaeEkdifonfh ypönf;rsm;udk wjynfvHk;u oydwfarSmufatmif ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

aqmif½Guf&ef þNrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u oabmwlnDaMumif;?<br />

4/ trSwf (3) tqdkESif hyufoufí oydwfarSmuf&rnfh ukefypönf;pm&if; a&;qGJ&ef Auo trIaqmiftzGJUodkY<br />

vHk;0tmPm vTJtyf&ef þNrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u oabmwlnDaMumif;?<br />

5/ txufyg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; xdxda&mufa&muf aqmif½GufEkdif&ef rEÅav;NrdKUvHk;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;u<br />

wuoESifh AuotrIaqmif (2) zGJUtm; tmPmukef vTJtyfaMumif;?<br />

pDwef;vrf;avQmuf&ef tcsdefr½Sdawmh ojzifh reufjzef eHeuf (11) em&Dxdk; a½TUqdkif;vkdufonf/<br />

rEÅav;vlxkonf yxraomf yk'fr (144) tmPmzDqefa&; tpDtpOfrSm vQKdU0SufpGm usdwfí MuHcJhaomfvnf;<br />

pdwfcs&aom tcsdefa&mufonfESifh wNydKifeuf ajymifajymifwif;wif; vIyf½Sm;vmMuonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmydkifrsm;<br />

uvnf; pepfwus wm0efcGJa0í BudKwifjyKjyifoifhonfrsm;udk pDrHxm;Muonf/ rEÅav;aq;½HkBuD;wGif vlemwif<br />

ukwifrsm; toifhjyifxm;onf/ ppfykvdyftzGJUxHrS ,HkMunfpdwfcs&qHk;aom wyfom;rsm;udk a½G;cs,fvsuf tqifoifh<br />

,leDazmif;0wfum trdefYvdkufem&ef (24) em&D wm0efcsxm;onf/<br />

1300 jynfh? wydkYwGJvqef; (7) &ufaeYwGif y&0PftwGif;ü vl (2) odef;ausmf pkrdaeMuNyD/ tdrfawmf&m<br />

apwDwHwkdif;twGif; aemufxyfr0ifEkdifatmif jynfhMuyfvsuf½Sdonf/<br />

&[ef;ysKdtzGJU Ouú| q&mawmf OD;uvsmPonf &[ef;yk*¾dKvf? vlyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; rJcsí tpDtpOfwus<br />

xm;avonf/ taMumif;rSm e,fcsJUtpdk;& ppfwyfESifh &ifqkdif&ef olYxufiga½SUqHk;u csDwufaecsifMuí jzpfonf/<br />

tzGJUtpnf;wkdif;u a½SUqkH;rS csDwufvdkonf? raMumufr½GHU aemufrwGefYaom ZGJowådESifh Armhpdwf"mwf &ifhusufcdkifrmrIukd<br />

e,fcsJUNAdwdoQtm; tNydKiftqkdif jyovdkonf/ yk'fr (144) tmPmzDqefa&; vrf;avQmuf csDwuf&mü &[ef;tzGJU0if<br />

(6) yg; a½SUqHk;rS csDwuf&ef rJusonf/ 'kwd, &[ef;tzGJY0if (10) yg;? wwd, ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? pwkw¬ wdkYArm

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

199

200<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tpnf;t½Hk; tzGJU0if ocif? ocifrrsm;? yÍör &yfuGufvlxktzGJ<br />

Utpnf;? qXr tvkyform;tzGJU? owår v,form;tzGJU?<br />

t|r aps;olaps;om;tzGJU ponfjzifhrJusonf/ a½SUqkH; &[ef;awmfrsm;onf okH;a&mifjc,ftvHudk udkifum (26)<br />

bDvrf;ay:odkY a&mufvQif ta½SUpl;pl; vrf;rBuD;twkdif; a

202<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(2) OD;Mobmo - rdk;aumif;wkduf<br />

(3) OD;aumae,s - cifruefwkduf<br />

(4) OD;awb0EÅ - qDrD;xGef;ausmif;wkduf<br />

(5) OD;nmedaE´mbmo (oHvufoD;udk,fawmf) - Aef;armfwkduf<br />

(6) OD;ukrm& - ta½SUjyif<br />

(7) OD;OyÜEé - r[mtmZmenftzGJU<br />

rSm 'Pf&mr&½SdbJ tzrf;qD;cH&avonf/<br />

aoqHk;olrsm;rSm (Adkvf 17OD;)<br />

(1) OD;y@dw - ukodEém½Hkwdkuf<br />

(2) OD;ynmaZmw - a*G;csKdwdkuf<br />

(3) OD;a0ykv’ - wlarmif;wdkuf? tr&yl&<br />

(4) OD;Zedw - pukwkduf<br />

(5) OD;tmavmu - aiGawmifwkduf<br />

(6) OD;auvm - cifruefwdkuf<br />

(7) OD;auwk - qifwJwkduf<br />

(8) AdkvfbaX; - 0ufpvD[kdufpul;ausmif;om;<br />

(9) AdkvfvSarmif - edAÁmeausmif; ausmif;om;<br />

(10) Adkvfwifatmif - trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif; ausmif;om;<br />

(11) Adkvfrl - cHkawmfrif;0if;? aMu;eef;½Hk;ajrmufbuf<br />

(12) AdkvfxGef;atmif - qkdif;wef;<br />

(13) Adkvfatmifxl; - 'ud©P0ef rvGefausmif; ausmif;om;<br />

(14) Adkvfcifarmif - omoedu,k0toif;om;<br />

(15) AdkvfxGef;td - r&rf;jcH? ukefonf<br />

(16) AdkvfbvGef; - o&ufwyif½Gm<br />

(17) Adkvfcifarmif (ac:) a½T½dk; - w½kyfwef;&yf? ausmif;om;<br />

(aq;½HkwGif 8 &uftMumrS aoqHk;oGm;onf/)<br />

'Pf&m&olrsm;rSm<br />

aoewfypfcH&ojzifh 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f&½Sdolrsm;? aq;½Hkwufa&mufae&m 'Pf&maysmufuif;ol atmufyg<br />

(4) OD;tm; rEÅav;axmifBuD;odkY ,laqmifoGm;avonf/<br />

1/ OD;EJGUBuD; - xD;0if;<br />

2/ umumqif (ac:) armifboef; - uJvD<br />

3/ armifatmifodef; - aygufNrdKif<br />

4/ armifvSjrifh - trsKd;om;ausmif;<br />

aq;½HkwGif usef&Sdolrsm;rSm<br />

1/ udkvSarmif - &efukef<strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

2/ ocifa½T (ac:) *VKefa½T - qkdif;wef;<br />

3/ OD;bapm - aq;q&m? pdefyef;<br />

4/ armifaX; (ac:) armifaz - r*Fvmaps;<br />

5/ OD;Owår - eef;OD;wkduf<br />

6/ OD;aumov’ - awmiforefwkduf<br />

7/ OD;wdavmu - qDrD;xGef;wkduf<br />

8/ armifcifarmif - xD;0if;

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

9/ armifoef; - aumvdyfwdkYjzpfonf/<br />

aemufaeY azazmf0g&Dv (11) &uf (12) &ufaeYwGif &[ef;ysKdtzGJU Ouú| q&mawmf OD;uvsmP? rEÅav;NrdKU<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkatmif? A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;rS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkausmf0if;ESifh tcsKdUtm; zrf;<br />

qD; vkdufonf/<br />

(1) udkcsefxGef; (ocifcsefxGef;) - A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;<br />

(2) udkatmifausmf0if; (ocifausmf0if;) - A[kdtrsKd;om;ausmif;<br />

(3) udkMunf - aygufNrdKifausmif;<br />

(4) udkudkav; - 0ufpvDausmif;<br />

(5) a½TrsufrSef OD;Mobmo - &[ef;ysKdtzGJY<br />

(6) tmZmenfOD;okre - &[ef;ysKdtzGJY<br />

wdkUtm; axmif (1) ESpfpDvnf;aumif;? q&mawmfOD;uvsmPESifh ukdatmifwkdYtm; axmif (2) ESpfpD tjypf<br />

ay;vkdufonf/<br />

(¡) ref;tmZmenf (17) OD; psmyetcrf;tem;<br />

armfuGef;0ifoDcsif;<br />

oem;p&m? trsm;wumaumif;bkdY&nf? ZmwdrmefpGrf;wJh ref;NrdKU&wemyHkjynf? vGwfvyfapaMumif;<br />

udk&nf - toufudkpGefYMuavonf - - - ArmjynfwGif owif;ESYHavNyD? tmZmenfpdwfrmefxm;um yGm;í<br />

vmonf - - - rsm;ívmonf - - - oGm;avolMunfjzL aZmeJY? w&m;raoG&ygap - - - trQ - - trQ<br />

- - trQ a0ygonf/<br />

aMomf - - - vufeufryg - - - Avmoufouf? onf;cH&ufueJY - - EkdifhxufpD;eif;? igomrif;[k<br />

- xefjyif;pdwfrSm tbdu©emw&m;? vGefjyefYyGm;vdkY trSm;ra½Smif - - - om;aumifozG,f - - acs - -<br />

'&,fodkY rn§moufouf - - cE¨mysufatmif - - - &ufpufavwm? tmZmenfrsKd;cspfrsm;udkwJhrS - -<br />

oem;rn§m - - (od*FgoH)/<br />

a'goa½SUxm; - - oem;rn§mwwfwJh tmPmwnf - - - ew&m;obm0eJY - - - t&m&mrnD<br />

tvum;tmPmjywJh Armjynf? c&D;t½Snf &efrrsm;&atmif tjrJpdwfxm; - - - jynfhtapcHrsm;u<br />

wu,fhudk rw&m;trsm;nDNydKifpHa½G;um - - - woufvHk;jrifbdkY EkdifiHa&;rSm rsufvHk;yGifhMuNyD/<br />

aMomf - - - ref;NrdKUXmeD? tmZmenfaygif; axmifaomif;ru wuf

204<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

8/ &efukefoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;XmecsKyf<br />

9/ &efukefNrdKUowif;pmq&mrsm;tzGJY<br />

10/ ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m vGwfvyfa&;trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJY<br />

11/ a&TbdkNrdKUrS &[ef;ysKdtzGJUwdkY tjyif<br />

rEÅav;&[ef;ysKdtzGJUrS tkyfcsKyfonfhtzGJU (3) zGJUtjyif jrLeDpDy,f½Hk;ol½Hk;om;rsm;? rEÅav;a*smfuDrsm;? rEÅav;<br />

pD&ifpk wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;? rEÅav;NrdKU Ak'¨bmomw½kwfvlrsKd;rsm;toif;? qHyifn§yfqdkifrsm;toif;? [dE´LvlrsKd;rsm;<br />

toif;ESifh at0rf;½kyf½SiftzGJYwkdY vdkufygydkYaqmifonf/ psmyetcrf;tem;odkY &efukefrS ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; trsKd;orD;<br />

rsm;tzGJU? &efukefowif;pm udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJU? &efukefpma&;q&mrsm; udk,fpm;vS,f? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;<br />

om;<strong>or*¾</strong> udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufMuonf/<br />

tmZmenf (17) OD;udk ]aersKd;r[moD[ol&bGJY} csD;jr§ifUavonf/<br />

trsKd;orD;rsm;u uBudK;wyfqGJ tacgif;rsm;udk qGJavonf? tzGJUaygif; (42) zJGU yg0ifavonf/ olemjyKwyf<br />

rsm;u vkdufvHí psmyetcrf;tem;odkY a&mufvmolrsm;udk vdkufvHapmifha½Smuf tultnDay;Muonf/ &wemyHk<br />

av;jyif? av;&yfvHk;qkdif&m &[ef;ysKdtzGJU Ouú| q&mawmfOD;uvsmPu trdefYjyefwrf;ESihf trQa0pmwrf;udk xkwfjyef<br />

&mwGif<br />

]]tdk nDawmfwkdY oifwkdYonf pnf;urf;ao0yfpGm vufeufwpHkw&m ryg Avmudk,fcsnf;om? rdrdwkdY\<br />

vdkvm;csufrsm;udk tpdk;&wkdYtm; azmfjywkkdifwef;vdkMuojzifh pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJodkY 0ifETJvkdufygMuukef\/<br />

tpdk;&onf igwkdYtay: ,kwåd,kwåm uif;rJhpGm olwdkYtapcHrsm; ay;qufMuaom wzufouf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;<br />

udk tm;udk;wck tajcjyKí twGif;ya,m*rsm; yl;0ifaESmifh,SufMuNyD;vQif igwdkYudk olykef[k pGyfpGJxifrSwfMuvsuf<br />

&uf&ufpufpuf iJhuGufn§mwmjcif; vHk;0r½SdbJ ta&;ydkif rpöwmvufu BuD;rª;uGyfuJí ol\trdefYjzifh ppfyGJrsm;rSmom<br />

toHk;jyKaom aoewfrsm;jzifh vufyg;ap ppfom;wdkYu 'vMurf; tBudrfBudrf ypfcwfap\/<br />

þuJhokdY NAdwdoQtpkd;&\ ,Ofaus;rIudk urÇmuodatmif azmfjyvkdufojzifh olwdkY\ ,Ofaus;rIudk igwkdY<br />

oifcef;pm w&yftaejzifh pdwf0,fjcm;em; rSwfom;&ayNyD/ igwdkY\ tMurf;rzuf? tEkoufoufqkdaom 0g'pnf;rsOf;<br />

udkvnf; tajymr[kwf? igwkdY tvkyfjzifh wydkYwGJvqkwf (7) &ufaeYu olwkdY xif½Sm;ydkifydkif odjrifMuayNyD/<br />

xkduJhodkY tMurf;ppfyGJ? tEkppfyGJ ,SOfwGJNydKifqkdifí olEkdif igEkdif tcsufydkifydkif (2) OD; &ifqkdif wkdufcdkufMu&mwGif<br />

olwdkYonf tMurf;enf;jzifh atmifjrifMuukefí igwdkYvnf; tEkenf;jzifh olwdkYudk tjywftowf evefrxl? tvHrjzLEkdif<br />

atmif Ekdifvdkuf Muukef\/ vufeufryg ,Ofaus;odrfarGUpGmjzifh ppfatmifMuonfhtwGuf igwkdYu oifwkdYudk ppfatmif<br />

aom AdkvfcsLyfBuD;wdkY[lí csD;usL;0rf;ajrmufMu&ayukef\/<br />

odkY&mwGif tpdk;&\ aoewf'Pfcsufjzifh toufqHk;½HI;jcif;cH&aom oifwkdYudk 'DaeY? 'D&uf? 'Dtcdsef? 'Dae&mrSm<br />

yif tNyD;wkdif oN*KØ[f&awmhrnfjzpf&mum; igwkdY\ tl? tonf;udk xkwf,lqGJiifonhfyrm vGefpGmylyif ikdyGJqifí<br />

usqif;aom rsuf&nfwdkYrSm oifwkYd\ cE¨mudk,ftwGif;rS aoewf'PfcsufaMumifh ,dkxGufusqif;aom aoG;rsm;ESihf<br />

EdIif;pmaomf tb,frSm usifhxHk;rDp&menf;vnf; jyp&m½SdawmhtHhoenf;/<br />

igwdkY &[ef;awmfrsm;onf Arm&mZ0if tpOftquf jrefrmrif;wkdY\ vufxufrSm rif;q&m &mZ*k½krsm;<br />

jzpfí Armbk&ifrsm;u igwdkYudk (oH) ESifh pyfí tyfESifhrQyif r&G,fcJhbl;onf rSefaomfjim;vnf;? NAddwdoQvlrsKdS;wkdY tkyfpdk;<br />

í uReftjzpf a&mufaeMu&onfh ,cktcg &[ef;awmfrsm;udk aoewfjzifh ypfowfjcif;cHMu&onfh twGuf NAdwdoQ<br />

vlrsKd;wkdY pdwf0,f aoacG pGJjrJaeaom tBudwftcJrsm;onf urÇmaMuaomfvnf; aMuaysmufukefqHk;jcif;odkY a&mufEkdifMu<br />

rnf r[kwfay/<br />

igwdkY rsufpdtm½Hk jzpfMuukefaom vlwkdif; vlwdkif;wdkYrSm NrdKUwGif;ü pDwef;vSnfhvnfonfhtcg vufeuf<br />

rygonfh tjzpfudk igwdkY odMuaomfjim;vnf; olwdkY rsufpdrSm igwdkY tay:ü vSH"g; wajymifajymif udkifaqmifvmonf[k<br />

jrifMujcif;rSm rdrdwdkY xifovkd vGefusL;ypfrSm;aom tjypfrsm;udk ydwfqdkYumuG,ftHhaomiSm? udk,fydkifOmPfudk toHk;jyKjcif;<br />

avm? odkYr[kwf aoG;½ll; aoG;ief; tjyif;zrf;qD;NyD; aMumufpdwfrTefí t&rf;jyKvkyfMujcif;avm[k w&mhajcmufq,f<br />

(au) usrf;jyKbG,f&mom jzpfayawmh\/<br />

nDawmfwkdYonf þb0rSm pkawrae? aovGefMu&ukefaomfvnf; trsKd;? bmom? omoemudk tjyif;txef<br />

cspfcifvSpGmaom pdwf"gwfwdkYudk ,kdifvJNydKuJGJjcif; r½SdMuaprlí Ekdifatmif xdef;csKyfMuukefvsuf a&muf&mb0rS igwdkYtm;<br />

tultnD ay;Muukefavmh/<br />

igwkYdonf oifwkdYtm; &nfpl;í oHCmawmf (150) wdkYtm; yifhí a',s"r®? 'guAÁ0wåK tpkpkwkdYjzifh vSL'gef;

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ylaZmfMuygukef\/ igwkdY\ aumif;rItzdkYudk oifwkdYtm; trQay;a0ygukef\/ trQ&Muí oifwdkYtpk csrf;omMuygap<br />

ukefownf;/}}<br />

rEåav;<strong>or*¾</strong>acgif;aqmif udkarmifudkrdefhcGef;<br />

&Jabmfwdkh-<br />

,aeY,cktcsdefwGif igonf þae&modkY 0rf;om0rf;enf; a0cGJí r&Ekdifaom pdwfrsKd;jzifh wufvmyg\/<br />

igwdkY wkdif;jynfESifh igwdkYtrsKd; aumif;pm;a&;twGuf toufudk y"merxm; &uf&ufa&ma&m wyfOD;rS pGefYpm;&if;<br />

usqHk;oGm;Muayaom &JabmfwdkY\ ol&owåd*kPfudk csD;usL;pum; aus;Zl;qdk&awmhrnf jzpfí ig0rf;ajrmufrd\? ig<br />

0rf;omrd\? igvufyrf;ayguf cwfrd\/ taqG&Jabmf yk*¾dKvfxl;rsm;onf igtm; aemufqHk;tBudrf avmutv,f<br />

wGif zG,fcGma½SmifuGif;í rjyefvrf;udk jref;MuavNyD/<br />

igrlum; ESajrmwo ,lMuHK;r& oifwkdYtwGuf ig\ tonf;ESvHk;wdkYrSm rD;[kef;[kef;awmufí aeavNyD/<br />

tkd &Jabmfudkwifatmifoifonf<br />

ig\ rsufpdatmuf igh\ vufay:wGifyif BuD;jyif;vmcJh\/ toifum; i,f½G,fvS\/ Eki,fvsuf<br />

toufqkdí (12) ESpfrQom ½Sdao;ygvsuf toufESifhrrQ? t½G,fESifh rvkdufatmif a½SUrS vrf;jyoGm;cJhavNyD/ tm;ESifh<br />

rwefaom av;vHaom 0efBuD;udk ½Gufaqmifaom toif&J&Jawmuf tmZmenfuav;tm; þae&mrS igtav;jyKyg\/<br />

igOD;ñTwfyg\/ toifuJhodkYaom a,muFsm;aumif; a,muFsm;jrwfudk arG;zGm;ay;aom &Jabmf\ aus;Zl;½Sif rdbESpfyg;udk<br />

igwdkY txl;½kdaoyg\? udkif;½dIif;OD;ñTwfyg\/ wkdif;jynfESifh trsKd;twGuf toufpGefYvdkufjcif;jzifh &Jabmfonf &Jabmf\<br />

rdbESpfyg; arG;aus;Zl;udk qyfvdkuf&ayNyD/ &Jabmfonf igwkdYtm; aemufqHk;tBudrf pGefYcGmcgeD;ü ]]rdkufawmhr,f<br />

ta&;awmfyHk atmifygap}} ]]pnf;urf;ao0yfMuyg? nDñGwfMuyg}} [k a&;om; rSmMum;cJhonfudk igESifhwuG &Jabmf<br />

taygif;wdkY tb,frSm arhaysmufEkdifawmhtHhoenf;/ &Jabmf\ rSmwrf;udkvnf; igwdkYwawG waoGrwdrf; vdkufemygtHh/<br />

usef&pfcJhaom igwkdYwawGonf tb,f tb,faMumifh &Jabmf\ ajc&mudk reif;EkdifbJ ½Sd&tHhoenf;/ vlUjynf<br />

wGif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aeEkdifygao;aomfvnf; wdkif;jynfESifhtrsKd; vGwfvyfa&;twGuf a½SUrS vrf;ñTefjyygvsuf igwdkY<br />

wawG aemufrS tb,faMumifh xyfMuyfrvkdufEkdifbJ ½Sd&tHhoenf;/ igwkdYonfvnf; igwkdY\ rdbarG;aus;Zl; qyfawmh<br />

tHh/ wkdif;jynf\ vGwfvyfa&;udk toifuJhokdYyif ,ljyygtHh/ vljzpfusKd;eyfatmif jyMuukefygtHh[k t"dXmefjyKNyD;aMumif;udk<br />

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wdkYjzifh wefqmqiftyfaom c&D;vrf;Murf;BuD;yifwnf;/<br />

xdkYaMumifh w½kwfvlrsKd;wdkYonf vnf;aumif;? ykdvefvlrsKd;wdkYonf vnf;aumif;? zifvefvlrsKd;wkdYonf<br />

vnf;aumif; rdrdwdkY\ vGwfvyfa&;udk ra&rwGufEdkifaom pnf;pdrftoufwkdYjzifh zvS,fum &efoltaygif;wdkYtm;<br />

wGef;vSefNzdKzsufaeonfukd ,cktcg igwkYd rsufarSmufwGif awGYMuHKaeMu&NyD r[kwfavm/ igwdkYtm; vTrf;rdk;tkyfpkd;ae<br />

onfh t*FvdyfvlrsKdS;onfyif rdrdwdkY vGwfvyfa&;udk waeYaeYwGif xdcdkufvmrnfudk od½Sd&dyfrdojzifh wkdif;i,f jynfi,f<br />

uav;rsm;\ vGwfvyfa&;udk ckcHumuG,f ae&ygonf[k taMumif;vSvS urÇmudkjyNyD; *smrPDemZD&efukd pnf;pdrf<br />

touf ajrmufrsm;pGm tqHk;t½HI;cHí ppfaMunmum NzdKzsufokwfoifaeonfukd igwkdY rsuf0g;xifxif ½IjrifaeMu&NyD

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

r[kwfavm/<br />

odkYjzpf&m vGwfvyfa&;\ wefzkd;onf tqHk;tp r½Sdonfhtwkdif; vGwfvyfa&;udk t&,l&ef BudK;yrf;tm;<br />

xkwf&mü pnf;pdrf toufwdkYudk pGefYMu&jrJjzpfonfrSm urÇmY"r®wmjzpfonfukd taxmifaom urÇmY&mZ0ifrsm;uvnf;<br />

axmufcHvsuf ½Sdaeayonf/ igwdkYonfvnf; þ"r®wmobm0udk vGefqefum tb,frSmvQif vGwfvyfa&;udk t&,l&ef<br />

jzpfEkdiftHhenf;/ toufpGefYoGm;Muukefaom tmZmenfol&Jaumif;wkdYonf igwdkYtm; vGwfvyfa&; vrf;rSefudk xifxif<br />

½Sm;½Sm; jycJhMuayNyD/ xdktmZmenfol&Jaumif;wkdY\ ajc&mudk waeYaeYwGif igwkdY eif;&awmhrnfrSm rvGJra½Smifomaom<br />

wm0ef0wå&m;yif jzpf\/ vGwfvyfa&;atmifyef;udk qGwfcl;vkdolrsm;um; tiftm;csdeJY ,drf;EGJUaeaom rdef;rvsm? vlrrm<br />

wdkY\ t&mr[kwf/ owåd? AswådESifh jynfhpHkaom &J&Jawmuf tmZmenfol&Jaumif;wdkY\ t&momvQifjzpfay\/ usm;udk<br />

cvkwf? opfikwfudk oifjzL;? ql;udk arGY&mozG,f oabmxm;um tcsKyftcs,f? taESmifht,Suf? tqD;twm;[lorQ<br />

wdkYudk ydkif;jzwf y,f½Sif; csOf;eif; okwfoifvsuf &J0HhpGm? iga,musFm;[k BudK;pm;tHcJ ZGJebJBuD;olwkdYomvQif vGwfvyfa&;<br />

atmifyef;udk qifjref;&rnf jzpfownf;/<br />

tdk tmZmenftaygif; ol&Jaumif;wkdY? taqGwdkY\ jyif;xefvSaom xGufoufwkdYonf? pdwf"mwfrsm;onf<br />

igwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mü wnfaeudef;atmif; ygapownf;/<br />

taqGwdkYonfum; vlwdkY\ oufwrf;wGif xrf;aqmif&rnfh rdrdwdkY wm0ef0wå&m;udk toufpGefYí xrf;aqmif<br />

oGm;Muojzifh &mZ0ifajymifum *kPfarmufMuay\/ taqGwdkYonf trsKd;\ *kPfukd aqmifoGm;EkdifMuouJhokdY igwkdY<br />

vnf; aqmifEkdifatmif tcsdeftcg aumif;onf rMumrwif qkdufa&muf ygapownf;/<br />

tdk tmZmenftaygif; ol&Jaumif;wkdY taqGwdkY\ xufoefvSaom ZGJ? jrJpGJckdifrmvSaom rsKd;cspfpdwf? xdyfxdyf<br />

MuJ wcJeufaom owådponfh rGefjrwfonfh t&nftcsif;wkdYudk igwdkYonf pdwftm;xufoefpGm csD;usL;Mobm<br />

axmyem jyKMuygukef\/ taqGwdkY\ 0dnmOfpdwf"gwfrsm;onf vGwfvyfa&; yef;wdkifokdY a½S;½IoGm;aeMuaom igwdkYtm;<br />

rD;½I;wefaqmifBuD;ozG,f OmPftvif;a&mifudk ay;vsuf½SdacsNyD/<br />

tdk tmZmenftaygif; ol&Jaumif;wkdY igwdkYonf taqGwdkYtm; igwkdY jyKorQ 'geukokdvf tzdkYzdkYudk trQ?<br />

trQ? trQ ay;a0Muygukef\/ taqGwdkYonf Mum;onfhae&mu om"k tEkarm'em jyKEkdifMuonfjzpfí vGwffvyfaom<br />

ok*wdb0wGif vGwfvyfaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;tjzpfjzifh vGwfvyfa&;\ t&omudk aumif;pGm cHEkdifMuygapownf;/<br />

ArmjynfzGm; wkdif;&if;om;taygif;wdkY igwdkYonf ,aeYupí igwkdY wrsKd;om;vHk; OruGJodkufrysuf pnf;vHk;<br />

nDñGwfa&;udk &atmif aeYnrtm; aqmif&GufBudK;yrf;MuygukeftHh/<br />

oef;aygif; rsm;pGmaom ArmvlrsKd;wkdYonf rdrdwdkY wdkif;jynfBuD;udk vHk;0vGwfvyfa&; ay;rSomvQif auseyfEdkif<br />

rnf[laom jyif;xefonfh pdwfqE´udk jyMuukeftHh/<br />

igwkdY ArmvlrsdK;wkdY\ pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? omoem bmoma&;? vlrsdK; wkd;wufzGHYNzdK;a&;paom<br />

BuD;yGm;rI trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudkvnf; igwdkYonf toufaoG;cJ wnfaeorQ umvywfvHk; pGrf;aqmif tm;xkwfMuukeftHHHHh/<br />

igwkdY Armwdkif;? Armwkdif; vGwfvyfa&;udk wu,fvkdvm;aom pdwf"gwfrsm; udef;atmifaeorQ umvywf<br />

vHk; ArmjynfBuD;onf wu,fyif vGwfvyfa&; &rnfrSm rvGJaom taMumif;yif jzpf\/<br />

tkd tcsif;wkdY &J&ifhwnfMunf ArmyDoolwdkYomvQif Armjynfü vGwfvyfa&; a&mifjcnfoef;vmNyD[k xif½Sm;<br />

pGm awGUjrifEkdifrnfjzpfownf;/<br />

ta&;awmfykHatmifygap<br />

1301 ckESpf?<br />

&efukefNrdKY? tmZmenfaehaumfrwDtzGJY<br />

209

210<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

OD;A[def;<br />

(1938-39)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

wuo Ouú| udkatmifqef; (AdkvfcsKyf) EkwfxGufoGm;ojzifh? Ouú|tjzpf qufvufwm0ef,l&jcif; jzpfonf/<br />

1279 ck? 0gqdkvqef; (10) &uf? Ak'¨[l;aeY? eHeuf (7) em&D tcsdefwGif tif;0NrKdU udkif;wef;&yfü zGm;jrifonf/<br />

tz OD;rSif? trd a':OD;wdkY\ yÍörajrmufom;jzpfonf/<br />

rEÅav;NrKdU atbDtrf rdef;uav;ausmif;? ousoD[bk&m; teD; q&midkausmif;? rEÅav;NrKdU A[dktrsdK;om;<br />

txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmqnf;yl;cJh\/ 1934 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyfü pwif ynmoifMum;<br />

cJhonf/ 1935-36 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifjzpf\/ 1936 ck ausmif;om;<br />

oydwfwGif ppfudkif; tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;odkY oydwfoGm;wm;&m ausmif;tkyfBuD; rpöwma'gif;ESifh paumuf<br />

rsm;u 0dkif;½dkufojzifh 'Pf&m&½SdcJhonf/ 1936-37 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|<br />

tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhí Oypm txufwef;udk ygVdbmom *kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifcJhavonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfwGif qufvufynmqnf;yl;í 1938-39 ckwGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf a½G;cs,fwifajr§muf<br />

cH&onf/ wuo Ouú| udkatmifqef; EkwfxGufoGm;aomtcg Ouú|tjzpf wm0ef,l&jcif; jzpfonf/ 1938-<br />

39 ckESpf Auo Ouú|vnf; jzpfonf/ udkA[def;udk wuo Ouú|tjzpfxuf Auo Ouú|tjzpf vlodrsm;cJhonf/<br />

1938 ckESpfü a&eHajroydwf ay:aygufcJhonf/ a&eHajroydwform;rsm;onf &efukefNrKdUodkY csDwufqE´jy&ef?<br />

a&eH acsmif;NrKdUrS xGufcJhMuonf/ Ouú| udkA[def;ESifh udkAaqGwdkYonf a&eHacsmif;NrKdUwGif ay:aygufvsuf½Sdaom<br />

ausmif;om;oydwfta&;ESifh a&eHajrrS csDwufvmaom oydwform;rsm;ta&;udk pHkprf;&ef c&D;xGufcJhMuonf/<br />

rauG;NrKdUü a&eHajrrS csDwufvmaom oydwform;rsm;tm; w&m;a[maepOf tzrf;cHcJh&avonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|ESifh<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;tm; zrf;qD;ojzifh ausmif;om;oydwf ay:aygufcJhavonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf twGif;0efrsm;½Hk;odkY csDwufqE´jyMu&m? a*:&mpmoifrsm;u jrif;ESifh wdkuf? eHygwfwkwfESifh<br />

½dkufojzifh *syfqifaumvdyfrS udkatmifausmf usqHk;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; 'Pf&m &cJhMu\/ ausmif;<br />

om;? tvkyform;? v,form;oydwf aygif;pHkpkpnf;rdum? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk[k ordkif;0if rSwfwrf;wif<br />

cJhMuonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; NrKdUroydwfpcef;wGif tpmtiwfcH qE´jycJhMuonf/ a'gufwmbarmf<br />

tpdk;&jyKwfusí OD;yktpdk;&wufNyD;? ausmif;om;oydwf NyD;qHk;cJhonf/<br />

udkA[def;onf 1939 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfrS xGufí wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;odkY 0ifa&muf vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ 1940<br />

ckESpfwGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD;? *syefacwf a'gufwmbarmf tpdk;&vufxufwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme twGif;0eftjzpf<br />

aqmif½GufcJh\/ 1945 ck *syefawmfvSefa&;wGif awmifilc½dkifwGif wm0ef,lcJhonf/<br />

(wpfzufpmrsufESmodkY-)

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1938 rS 1938 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a'gufwmvSa½T M.B.B.S<br />

(1939-40)<br />

1300jynfh ta&;awmfwGif tmPm½SifvSa½T[k ausmfMum;cJholjzpfonf/ udkvSa½Tonf 1300jynfh ta&;awmf\<br />

trSwftom;jzpfonf/<br />

ysOf;rem;NrKdUü 1276 ck? e,kefvjynfhausmf (12) &ufaeYwGif zGm;jrifí zsmyHkNrKdUü BuD;jyif;cJh&\/ 1931 ckESpfwGif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfü pwifynmoifMum;í aq;twwfynmudk qufvufoif,lcJhonf/ 1936-37 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuo twGif;a&;rSL;? 1938-39 ckwGif wuo 'k-Ouú|tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhí 1939-40 ckwGif wuo<br />

Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&onf/<br />

1938-1939 ckESpf 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkA[def; zrf;cH&NyD;aemuf udkvSa½Tonf<br />

ta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk qufvufacgif;aqmifum wdkufyJG0ifcJhonf/ tmPm½SifudkvSa½T[lí wdkif;jynfu od½Sd<br />

cJhMuonf/ 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHkudk qufvufacgif;aqmif&if; tzrf;cHcJh&onf/<br />

1939 ckESpfwGif wuorS BuD;rSL;um AdkvfatmifausmfusqHk;aomaeYudk tmZmenfaeY[k owfrSwfum yxrqHk;<br />

usif;ycJhMuonf/<br />

udkvSa½Tonf q&m0efbJGUudk 1940-41 ckESpfwGif qGwfcl;NyD;aemuf? aq;ynmjzifh toufarG;um {csrf;pGm<br />

aecJhonf/ 'kwd, urÇmppfBuD;tNyD; aq;ynm qufvufqnf;yl;&ef t*FvefEdkifiHodkYtoGm; 1947 ckESpf Mo*kwfv<br />

(23) &ufaeYwGif yg½Sef;yifv,fauGY? ab;&def;uRef; teD;wGif av,mOfysufusí tedpöa&mufcJhavonf/<br />

udkA[def;rS tqufudkA[def;onf<br />

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk pwifxlaxmifol wOD;jzpfNyD;? 1946 ck uGefjrLepfygwD ajAmifxl<br />

axmifaomtcgwGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifjzpfcJhonf/ aemifwGif ay:vpfAsL½dktzJGU0ifjzpfí Armjynftvkyform;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(A.B.T.U.C) \ Ouú|jzpfonf/ 1946 ck? Edk0ifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif rEÅav;aq;½HkBuD;wGif uG,fvGef<br />

tedpöa&mufcJhonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if pm&if;wGif yxrqifhrS aMunmay;<br />

jcif; cHcJh&oljzpfavonf/<br />

211

jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'Dwm OD;cspfarmif (*sme,fausmf) u ay;tyfcJhaom vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyJG0if *kPfxl;aqmifvufrSwf erlemyHkpH (1)<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

Source: File Photo<br />

Source: Portraits (DTY)<br />

udkatmifausmfESifUtwl t½dkufcH&aom<br />

udkMunfarmif (aemif AdkvfrSL;BuD;<br />

Munfarmif)<br />

rauG;NrdKYwGif udkA[def;ESifUtwl<br />

tzrf;cH&aom<br />

wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkAaqG<br />

212

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm t,f'Dwm OD;cspfarmif (*sme,fausmf) u ay;tyfcJhaom vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyJG0if *kPfxl;aqmifvufrSwf erlemyHkpH (2)<br />

213

214<br />

wdkhArm - owif;pOfrSwfwrf; acgif;pD;trSwftom;<br />

wdkhArmtpnf;t½Hk; wHqdyf<br />

Adkvfatmifausmf tygt0if wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; &efukef twGif;0ef½Hk;udk 0dkif;aepOf<br />

Source: Doh Bamar

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk zrf;qD;axmifcscH&onfh rEåav;oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;<br />

Ouú|q&mawmf OD;uvsmP<br />

av;jyifav;&yfvHk;qdkif&m&[ef;ysKdtzJGYcsKyf?<br />

a0,efbHkomwdkuf<br />

udkatmif - tdkiftufpD txufwef;<br />

(rEåav;ausmif;om;rsm;tzJGYacgif;aqmif)<br />

axmif'Pf (1) ESpfpD csrSwfcH&aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (4) OD;<br />

udkatmifausmf0if; (10 wef;? A[dktrsKd;om;ausmif;)<br />

wydkhwJGvqkwf (12) &ufwGif trdefhcsonf/<br />

udkcsefxGef; (10 wef;? A[dktrsKd;om;ausmif;)<br />

wydkhwJGvqkwf (12) &ufwGif trdefhcsonf/<br />

udkarmifMunf (aygufNrdKifwdkuf)<br />

wydkhwJGvqkwf (10) &ufwGif trdefhcsonf/<br />

udkudkav; (10 wef;? 0ufpvD,Hausmif;)<br />

wydkhwJGvqkwf (12) &ufwGif trdefhcsonf/<br />

rEåav;oydwfacgif;aqmif<br />

Ouú|q&mawmf OD;uvsmPESifh<br />

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif<br />

udkatmifwdkhtm; axmif'Pf (2)<br />

ESpfpD toD;oD;csrSwfcHcJh&onf/<br />

acgif;aqmif udkodef;atmif<br />

rEåav;<strong>or*¾</strong>acgif;aqmif udkarmifudk<br />

215

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

216

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

217

218<br />

rEåav;oydwfwGif usqHk;cJhaom tmZmenf (16) OD;\ psmyeyJG<br />

Adkvf (16) OD;\ psmyetcrf;tem; aps;csKdawmf ta½SYbufwGif jrif&yHk<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

rEåav;oydwfwGif usqHk;cJhaom tmZmenf (16) OD;\ psmyeyJG<br />

em&DpifauGYwGif ausmif;olrsm;\ ppf&xm;,mOf vGefajrmufNyD;aemuf e*g;eDtrsKd;orD; aq;vdyfcHktzJGYudk jrifEdkif\<br />

219

220<br />

(1)<br />

OD;y@dw<br />

ukodEém½Hkwdkuf<br />

toufawmf - 28<br />

0gawmf -<br />

crnf;awmf - OD;pH<br />

r,fawmf - a':zD<br />

aumhp&Gm? oxHk'DpBwdwf<br />

(3)<br />

OD;a0ykvÈ<br />

wl;armif;wdkuf? tr&yl&<br />

toufawmf - 27<br />

0gawmf -<br />

crnf;awmf - OD;xGef;vS<br />

r,fawmf - a':vS'Gef;<br />

jrpfusKd;pmwdkuf? yJcl;'DpBwdwf<br />

(5)<br />

OD;tmavmu<br />

aiGawmifwdkuf<br />

toufawmf - 30<br />

0gawmf - 10<br />

crnf;awmf - OD;Edkif<br />

r,fawmf - a':quf<br />

OoQpfukef;½Gm? a&eHacsmif;tydkif<br />

rauG;'DpBwdwf<br />

(9)<br />

AdkvfvSarmif<br />

OD;edAÁmeausmif;<br />

touf - 15<br />

owÅrwef;<br />

tb - OD;ul;<br />

trd - a':&if<br />

a[rmZv? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

(11)<br />

Adkvfrl<br />

touf - 29? vlysKd<br />

(rif;rsKd;rif;EG,f)<br />

tb - OD;qdk;<br />

trd - a':jrif<br />

ola|;wef;? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

ref;tmZmenf (17) OD;<br />

(2)<br />

OD;ynmaZmw<br />

a*G;csKdwdkuf<br />

toufawmf - 25<br />

0gawmf -<br />

crnf;awmf - OD;atmifb<br />

r,fawmf - a':zGm;cspf<br />

qumBuD;NrdKY? rtlyif'DpBwdwf<br />

(4)<br />

OD;Zedw<br />

pukwdkuf<br />

toufawmf - 35<br />

crnf;awmf? r,fawmfwdkhrSm<br />

uG,fvGefNyD;? arG;pm;<br />

r,fawmfrSm yckuúLwGif&Sd<br />

yckuúL'DpBwdwf<br />

(6) OD;auvm (cifruefwdkuf)<br />

toufawmf - 25? 0gawmf - 5<br />

OD;eE´0Ho av;xyfausmif;ae? ESyfcsKd½Gm? jrpfBuD;em;'DpBwdwf/<br />

(7) OD;auwk (qifwJwdkuf)<br />

toufawmf - 41? 0gawmf - 16<br />

r,fawmf - a':bGm;? carmufxk-cGqHk½Gm? &aoUawmif tydkif?<br />

ppfawG'DpBwdwf/<br />

(8) AdkvfbaX; (0ufpvD [dkufpul;ausmif;om;)<br />

(10)<br />

Adkvfwifatmif<br />

A[dkae&Sife,fausmif;<br />

touf - 15<br />

owÅrwef;<br />

tb - OD;xGef;vS<br />

trd - a':odef;ñGefh<br />

w½kwfwef;? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

(12)<br />

AdkvfxGef;atmif<br />

(owif;pma&mif;í<br />

trdtm;vkyfauR;aeol)<br />

touf - 18<br />

tb - OD;vS (uG,fvGef)<br />

trd - a':pdrfh<br />

qdkif;wef;? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

(13)<br />

Adkvfatmifxl;<br />

'ud©P0ef rvGefausmif;<br />

touf - 21<br />

tb - OD;pHaumif;<br />

trd - a':apmcif<br />

'ud©P0ef? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

(15)<br />

AdkvfxGef;td<br />

ukefonf<br />

touf - 53<br />

tb - OD;a½TyGifU<br />

trd - a':rif;csKH<br />

r&rf;jcH? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

(14)<br />

Adkvfcifarmif<br />

touf - 19<br />

tb - q&matmif<br />

trd - a':oufcdkif<br />

O,smOf0if;? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

(16) AdkvfbvGef;<br />

touf - 33? tb - OD;pHcsdef? trd - a':ndrf;?<br />

o&ufwyif&Gm? rEåav;'DpBwdwf<br />

(17)<br />

Adkvfa&T½dk; (ac:) Adkvfcifarmif<br />

Adkvfa&T½dk;onf touf 16 ESpfrQom&Sdao;í rEåav;NrdKY? w½kwfwef;&yf? tb- t0def½Iyf? trd- rBuD;wdkhu arG;zGm;aom<br />

w½kwfujym; Ak'¨bmomjzpfí? 0HomEkpdwfxufoefoljzpf&m rMumrDu a&eHoydwfwyf &efyHkaiG aumufcHa&;wGif<br />

tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmif½GufcJUoljzpfaMumif;/<br />

¤if;rSm w½kwfwef;? omoedu,k0toif;ESifU vdkufygNyD;vQif ausmif;om;rsm;a&SYrS wufí aoewf'Pf&m &&SdNyD;vQif aq;½HkwGif<br />

(*) &ufMumrS aoqHk;oGm;&SmaMumif;? aq;½Hkü ukopOf rdbrsm; tm;wuf&ef pum;rsm;om ajymMum;oGm;aMumif;/<br />

1300 jynfU? waygif;vqef; (10) &ufaehwGif oN*ØK[f\/<br />

Adkvfcifarmif\ tavmif;udk ol

222<br />

twGif;0ef½Hk;ajryHk<br />

twGif;0ef½Hk;ü jzpfyGg;cJhaom t"du½kPf;ESihf ywfoufí pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm<br />

Resolution on the Report of the Secretariat Incident Enquiry Committee<br />

(,ck odrfjzLvrf;)<br />

(,ck r[mAE¨Kvvrf;)<br />

- 0 -<br />

(,ck Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;)<br />

(,ck taemf&xmvrf;)<br />

Source: Ko Aung Kyaw Report

twGif;0ef½Hk;ü jzpfyGg;cJhaom t"du½kPf;ESihf ywfoufí pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpm<br />

- 1 -

some on foot. On arrival there each gate was blocked by a group consisting of both boy <strong>and</strong> girl<br />

students. The ages of the girl students ranged between 13 <strong>and</strong> a little over 20. These activities of<br />

- 2 -

ing them round to the Sun Press. The students were to be formed into letter "L" <strong>and</strong><br />

- 3 -

st<strong>and</strong>ing about there waiting for the barriers to arrive before they were put up on the spet.<br />

There was a very large <strong>and</strong> unruly crowd <strong>and</strong> we decided to driven them a bit further away<br />

from the corner. As the police party advanced the crowd fell back<br />

- 4 -

than turned around the Sacretariet <strong>and</strong> when they were about to reach the corner of<br />

Sparks Street <strong>and</strong> Big<strong>and</strong>et Street I saw police force headed two or three mounted<br />

- 5 -

The other members of the House of Representatives, U Ain, U Ba On <strong>and</strong> U Tun Aung<br />

speak more or less in a similar strain.<br />

- 6 -

of Police. As the police rushed forward to rescue this sergeant we were very heavily<br />

- 7 -

(4) If they had, whether the police asked the students to disperse before force was used<br />

again against them;<br />

- 8 -

the procession was likely to cause a breach of the peace. That brings us to section 128 of the<br />

- 9 -

Sparks Steet was about 30 or 40. Most of them will girls, some of whom were even not older than<br />

13 or 14. We want this aspect of the case to be kept steadily in view because of what we propose<br />

to say in the letter part of our report.<br />

- 10 -

- 11 -

- 12 -

- 13 -

- 14 -

- 15 -

- 16 -

- 17 -

- 18 -

- 19 -

- 20 -

- 21 -

- 22 -

- 23 -

- 24 -

- 25 -

- 26 -

- 27 -

- 28 -

- 29 -

- 30 -

- 31 -

- 32 -

- 33 -

- 34 -

- 35 -

- 36 -

- 37 -

Exhibit A<br />

yHk (u)<br />

Exhibit B<br />

yHk (c)<br />

Exhibit C<br />

yHk (*)<br />

vJusaeolrSm<br />

udkMunfarmif<br />

- 38 -<br />

Source: ASO/ Bo Aung Kyaw Report

Source: ASO/ Bo Aung Kyaw Report<br />

- 39 -<br />

Exhibit D<br />

yHk (C)<br />

Exhibit E<br />

yHk (i)<br />

Exhibit G<br />

yHk (q)

Exhibit H<br />

yHk (Z)<br />

Exhibit I<br />

yHk (ps)<br />

Exhibit O<br />

yHk (")<br />

- 40 -<br />

Source: ASO/ Bo Aung Kyaw Report

Source: ASO Bo Aung Kyaw Report<br />

- 41 -<br />

Exhibit M<br />

yHk (¡)<br />

Exhibit Q<br />

yHk (r)

264<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (9)<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif;ydkif;<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1939 rS 1940)<br />

(u) 1300 jynfh taxGaxGoydwf aemufydkif;umv<br />

a&eHajroydwfwyfBuD;tm; vrf;rawmf? a*:'Gifvrf;? NrdKUrausmif;a½SUwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;<br />

ajrmufjrm; pGmwdkYu a

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(c) udkatmifausmfusqkH;NyD;aemuf ausmif;om;oydwft&Sdefjr§ifhwufvmjcif;ESifh taxGaxGoydwf<br />

1939 azazmf0g&D (7) &uf? eHeufrSpí NrdKUrausmif;wGif pcef;csvsuf½Sdaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf<br />

rdrdwdkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk qdkif&mrSray;bJ vspfvsL½Ií wdkif;jynftusdK;udk toufESifhvJí aqmif½GufMurnf[k<br />

oEdé|mefcsum tpmiwfcH qE´jyMuonf/ tpmiwfcHvsuf½Sdaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkYrSm (1000) ausmf½Sdonf/<br />

xdkowif;Mum;&aomtcg wEdkifiHvkH;wkefvIyfíoGm;avonf/ i,f½G,fEke,fol wufopfp ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om; uav;i,frsm; tEÅ&m,fjzpfrnfudk rsm;pGmpdk;&drfMuonf/ ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&udk ydkrdkrkef;wD;vmMuonf/<br />

&efukefNrdKU½Sd ausmif;om;rdbrsm;u xdkaeYwGifyif ta&;ay: txl;tpnf;ta0;w&yf usif;yum ausmif;om;<br />

rsm; awmif;qdkcsufudk tpdk;&tjrefqkH;vdkufavsm&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; tpmiwfcHqE´jyjcif; &yfpJMu&ef<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufwdkYudk ausmif;om;rdbrsm; udk,fwdkif a½SUwef;u wdkufyGJ0if awmif;qdkMu&ef qkH;jzwf<br />

vdkufonf/<br />

xdkUtwl ocifrsm;ESifh OD;bpdefacgif;aqmifaom NrdKUrdNrdKUz txl;tpnf;ta0;u? ¤if;ausmif;om;rsm; tpm<br />

iwfcHqE´jyjcif;ESifh ywfoufí tpdk;&tm; jyif;xefpGm uefYuGuf½Iwfcsí tpmiwfcHjcif;udk &yfpJ&ef ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

xHodkY udk,fpm;vS,f apvTwfí arwåm&yfcHMuonf/<br />

aemufqkH; azazmf0g&Dv (8) &ufaeY? naewGif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkvSa½T? udkoef;wifwdkYonf<br />

NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;jzpfaom OD;oGif? ODbdk;aysmh? ol&d,OD;buav;? OD;oif;armif? NAdwdoQbm;rm;OD;ñGefY? *VKefOD;apm polwdkYESifh<br />

awGUqkHaqG;aEG;Muum ausmif;om;rsm;\ udpöudk vlBuD;rsm; Mum;0ifapYpyf wm0ef,lrnfjzpfonf/<br />

Adkvfatmifausmf usqkH;NyD;aemuf <strong>or*¾</strong>ü tpnf;ta0; xyfrHjyKvkyfNyD; udkvSa½Tacgif;aqmifaom ausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm;onf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&aom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pDrHjyKvkyfNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf aemuf<br />

wBudrf tmPmzDqefrI jyKvkyf&ef qkH;jzwfvdkufonf/<br />

NAdwdoQtpdk;&uvnf; 21? 12? 1938 aeYxkwf owif;pmrsm;wGif twGif;0ef½kH;a½SUü t½kdufcH&aom<br />

owif;"gwfykHrsm; rxnfhEdkif&ef &efukefykvdyfrif;BuD;\ trdefYt& owif;pmwdkufrsm;udk nwGif;csif; 0ifa&mufzsufpD;<br />

vdkufMuonf/<br />

,if;tjzpfudk ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> tvkyftrIaqmifwdkYu rcHbJ xdkacwf xkwfa0aeaom owif;pmtrsm;pkü<br />

t½Guf (8) rsufESmyg ,if;tjzpftysuf "gwfykHrsm;ukdazmfjyvsuf ]ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;ajrus} pmwrf;BuD;udk 21? 12?<br />

38 aeY? nwGif;csif; tNyD;½dkufESdyfí wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;wdkufESifh &efukefausmif;aygif;pkHwyfpcef; NrdKUrausmif;wGif<br />

vnf;aumif;? nwGif;csif; e,fxGuftaocH pnf;½kH;a&;qif; ausmif;om;Adkvfrsm; tylwjyif;a½G;cs,f oifwef;ay;um<br />

22? 12? 38 wGif wjynfvkH;odkY vQdKU0SufpGm jyefvTwfvdkufonf/ ausmif;om;wdkY\ taxGaxGoydwf BuD;arSmufNyD[k aMunm<br />

vdkufonfhtwdkif; NrdKUrwyfpcef;wGif ausmif;aygif;pkHrS nOfhtdyf? nOfhae pcef;csaevkdaom ausmif;aygif;pkHrS ausmif;om;?<br />

ausmif;olrsm;twGuf 14? 12? 38 aeYxkwf owif;pmwGif zdwfac:um xkwfjyefvdkufonf/ ,if;rSm-<br />

]]tdk taqG&JabmfwdkY igwdkYoydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;onf NrdKUrausmif;awmfBuD;ü wyfpcef;csaeayNyD?<br />

igwdkY pm;a&; aomufa&;rS pí tppt&m&m vdkavao;r½Sd? wdkif;jynfu igwdkYtm; ypfrxm;yg? r[mu½kPm<br />

½SdMuojzifh apmifrMunfh½IMuavNyD/ igwdkY pdwftm;i,fp&m r[kwfacs/<br />

tdk &Jabmfol? &Jabmfom;wdkY igwdkY wyfpcef;cs&modkY vmvSnfhukefavm? oifwdkYtwGuf toufudk pGefY&ef<br />

tqifoifhyif? igwdkU nDñGwfrIudk jyMuukefavm/<br />

ta&;awmfykHatmifygap<br />

oef;wif<br />

NrdKYrwyfpcef;wm0efcH<br />

&efukefoydwfausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;pcef;<br />

Auorsm;tvkyftrIaqmifzGJU Ouú| udkvSa½T 23? 12? 1938 wGif owif;pmrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif;<br />

xkwfjyefvdkufonf/<br />

265

266<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

(1) a&eHajr tvkyform;csDwufvma&;ESifh ArmwjynfvkH;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm; tmPmzDqef qlyljcif;rsm;ESifh<br />

ywfoufJí w&m;pGJcH&ol? tzrf;cH&ol? axmifcscH&ol tm;vkH;udk csufcsif;vTwfypf&ef tpdk;&tm;<br />

awmif;qdkaMumif;?<br />

(2) jynfolYvGwfvyfrIrsm; csKyfcs,fxm;aom Oya'rsm;ESifh a½Smifwcifxkwfjyefaom bk&ifcH\ wcsufvTwf<br />

Oya'rsm;udk ½kwfodrf;&ef tpdk;&tm; awmif;qdkaMumif;?<br />

(3) ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufudpöESifhywfoufí rnfonfhausmif;om;? ausmif;oludkrqdk qdkif&m<br />

t&m½SdwdkYu ta&;r,l&ef?<br />

(*) 'kwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;vTwfawmf<br />

oydwftwGif; ac:,lonfh ausmif;om;vTwfawmfudk &efukefNrdKUrausmif;aygif;pkH oydwfpcef;? NrdKUrcef;r<br />

BuD;wGif 30? 1? 1939 eHeuf (10) em&DrS pwifí usif;yonf/ xdkvTwfawmfü qkH;jzwfMuaom tqdkrsm;rSm-<br />

(1) a&eHajrwyfcsDwuf&mwGif yg0ifvIyf½Sm; zrf;qD;ta&;,lxm;rI rSeforQudk vTwfypf&ef? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,faom<br />

Oya'rsm;udk ½kwfodrf;&ef?<br />

(2) ausmif;om;oydwfESifh ywfouforQaom ausmif;om;rsm;? q&mq&mrrsm;udk ta&;r,l&ef?<br />

(3) 20? 12? 1938 twGif;0ef½kH; ykvdyf½dkufyGJ jynfolwdkYyg0ifaom pkHprf;ppfaq;rI ckHtzGJU zGJUay;&ef?<br />

(4) þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wjynfvkH;? awma&mNrdKUyg awmBudKtkHMum;rusef jyefESHYjyKvkyfay;&ef? tNrdKUNrdKU<br />

te,fe,fü uefYuGufyGJrsm; jyKvkyf&ef?<br />

91-XmetkyfcsKyfa&; wdkufzsuf&mwGif atmufygenf;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;u axmufcHaMumif;tqdk ¤if;rSm-<br />

(u) ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&rjyKwfjyKwfatmifjzKwfcs&ef<br />

(c) ¤if;ñGefYaygif; jyKwfNyD;aemuf tm;vkH;&mxl; vufrcH0hHbJ tkyfcsKyfa&;udk zsuf&eftqdkESifh aemufqkH;<br />

wdkif;&if;jzpfrsm;om 0wfqifMu&efESifh<br />

(8) ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&\ &ufpufMurf;MuKwfpGmaom zdEdSyfrIwdkYudk uefYuGuf½Iwfcsaomtm;jzifh ArmEdkifiHtwGif;<br />

½Sd a'oEÅ&tzGJUrsm;? jrLeDpDy,f 'DpBwdwfaumifpDrS jynfcspfacgif;aqmifrsm;qdkif&m tzGJUrsm;rS csufjcif;<br />

EkwfxGufqE´jy&ef yefMum;avonf/<br />

(C) ausmif;om;rsm; tpmiwfcHqE´jyjcif;<br />

,if;oydwftwGif; ausmif;om;vTwfawmfusif;yqJrSmyif udkvSa½T axmifrS tmrcHESifh xGufvmNyD;aemuf<br />

¤if;axmiftwGif;½SdpOfu ñTefMum;cJhaom ajcvSrf;ESpfvSrf; wckck? cifAsm;wdkYBudKuf&m wckckawmh vSrf;rSjzpfrnf?<br />

odkYr[kwfu usKyfaxmifxJ jyef0if½kHom½Sdonf[k tMuyfudkifwifjy&m tvkyftrIaqmifwGif ¤if;ajcvSrf; ESpfvSrf;teuf<br />

rlvuyif udkoef;wifonf azaz:0g&Dvqef; (1) &ufaeYü (Currency Office) aiGwdkuf oydwfum&ef qdkonfudk<br />

oabmwlaMumif;? tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;u wifjycJh&m udkodef;atmifwdkYu (Wholesale Massacre) tpkvdkuf tjyHKvkduf<br />

aoukefMurnf[kqdkum oabmrwlcJhaMumif;? ,ckrSm wjynfvkH; vcxkwf&ufrSmvnf; vGefcJhNyDjzpfí (2) &uf<br />

tpmiwfcH&ef ajcvSrf;udk vufcH&ef½SdawmhaMumif;? 'DajcvSrf;udkvnf; oabmwlaMumif;? udkvSa½T\ cyfjyif;jyif;<br />

vIyf½Sm;rIudkom tMuyfudkifawmif;qdkcsufudk axmufcHajymqdkMu&m 7? 2? 1939 wGif NrdKUrwyfpcef;ü raeomawmhbJ<br />

wNrdKUvkH; oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm; qifhqdkum xdkajcvSrf;udk vSrf;Mu&ef qkH;jzwfvdkufMuaMumif;/<br />

azazmf0g&Dv (8) &ufaeYrS pí tpmiwfcHwdkufyJG0ifcJh&m rlvu (3) &uf (6) eyftxd tenf;qkH; tpm<br />

iwfcH oydwfarSmufxm;rnf[k owfrSwfcJhaomfvnf; tpmiwfcH wwd,aeYü (38) OD; aumfrwD &efukefausmif;om;xk<br />

rdbrsm;u NrdKUrwyfpcef;odkY vma&mufí om;orD; ausmif;om;wdkYtm; arwåm&yfcHonf/<br />

xdkpOfu rdbrsm;\pum;udkem,lí tpmiwfcH oydwfvSefrI vQKdU0SufpGm tpDtpOfjyKvkyfxm;aomfvnf;<br />

8? 1? 1939 wGif ausmif;om; tvkyftrIaqmifjzpfaom ukdvSa½TrStp udkoef;wifyg yef;qdk;wef; jrefrmukefwdkufBuD;<br />

wGif Mum;0ifaphpyfwm0ef,laom vlBuD;rsm;ESifh em;vnfrI,lNyD; udkoef;wifrSm xdktaMumif;udk zGifhrajymomí zGifhrajym

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

bJ eufjzefrS pvSef&efudkum; oabmrwlEdkifao;aMumif; wOD;wnf; trItjzpf tvdkrwlqE´udk ay;cJh\/ xdkpOfu<br />

ausmif;om;r[kwf jyifytultnD twdkiftyifcHtjzpf &yfwnfaeaom udkEkvnf; ajymydkifcGifhr½Sd/ odkYaomf ,ckvdk ½kwf<br />

csnf; tpmiwfcH oydwfvSefypfvdkufrnfudk oabmrusaMumif; ajymao;\/ aemufqkH; trsm;ESifhwa,muf tqkH;<br />

tjzwf vufcHvdkuf&m OD;apmu ]'gjzifU OD;owif;pmrSmawmh reufjzefxkwfrSm 'Dnudk xnfUr½dkufygeJhOD;} [k uwd<br />

wvkH;awmif;&m ay;ygonf/<br />

odkYaomf 9? 2? 1939 aeY? eHeuf tpmiwfcHwyfom;tm;vkH; tdyf&mrSrx&ao;rD xdkaeYeHeufxkwf ol&d,<br />

owif;pmü ]ausmif;om;rsm; ,aeheHeuf tpmpm;NyD}[k owif;yg wygwnf; xifxif½Sm;½Sm; ygvmav\/ NAdwdoQ<br />

bm;rm;refae*sm 'g½dkufwmOD;ñGefY 'g,umjyKaom qefjyKwf vSnf;tdk;BuD;rSmvnf; NrdKUrwyfpcef; wHcg;0odkY eHeufapm<br />

apmpD;pD; a&mufvmavonf/<br />

þwGif oydwfarSmufausmif;om;wdkYrSm rauseyfMu qlyGufí ]tpmiwfcH oydwfrvSefbl;} tpmrpm;bl;<br />

ZGwfjiif;Muaomfvnf; ausmif;om;xktm; tawmfpdwfusatmifudkvSa½TwvSnfh? udkoef;wifwvSnfh a[majymem;csrS<br />

rtDrom em,lcg tpmiwfcHoydwfvSefvdkufonf/<br />

(i) qifhqdkjcif; (2) &yf<br />

tpmiwfcH oydwfvSefNyD;aemuf wyfpcef;rS oydwfvSefí tdrfjyef tem;,lvdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

jyefcGifhjyKvdkufonf/ t*Fvdyfausmif;rsm; zGifhrnf pmar;yGJppfrnfh tpDtpOf vQdKU0Sufod&ojzifh 15? 2? 1939 xGuf<br />

owif;pmrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; ac:qdk&ygonf/<br />

&JabmfwdkhigwdkYonf<br />

tpmt[m&ysufcHaom ajcvSrf;udk oydwfpcef;BuD;wGif pk½kH;vSrf;NyD;aemuf &JabmfwdkYtm;<br />

rdbrsm;ESifhawGU&ef tdrfrsm;odkY jyefcGifhjyKvdkufayonf/ &JabmfwdkYonf tdrfrsm;wGif tm;vyfcGifh,lvsuf (3) &ufcefY<br />

tem;&ayNyD/ txl;ojzifh 15? 2? 39 rS pí oifwdkYESifh wdkuf½dkufoufqdkifaom vkyfief;rsm; vkyf&ef½SdavNyD/<br />

&JabmfwdkYonf tjrJtvkyfvkyfae&ef pdwf½Sdonfhtwdkif; nDñGwfpGmvltiftm;jzifh igwdkYtvkyfpcef;rsm;udk xajrmufpGm<br />

vSrf;Mu? vkyfaqmifMu&ef oydwfpcef;rsm;odkY rysufruGuf eHeuf (7) em&DcGJ ta&mufvmMuygukef/<br />

ta&;awmfykHatmifygap<br />

oef;wif<br />

Ouú|<br />

&efukefausmif;om;rsm;oydwfpcef;<br />

þtwGif; ausmif;om;oydwftiftm;rSm wufíom aeav\? &efukef tdEd´,om; ukvm;ausmif;jzpfaom<br />

bifa*gtu,f'rD? 'DatbD yefcsmyDausmif;ESifh a&'D,m;aumvdyfac: ukvm;ausmif;rsm; yg0ifvmMuonf? acgif;aqmif<br />

wdkYrSm rpöwmwdk½SDbDa*gqifESifh rpöwmtm&D&mwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

&efukefNrdKUü wdkif;&if;om;bmomoifausmif; (31) ausmif;ESifh t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (2) bmomoifausmif;<br />

(22) ausmif;? 53 ausmif;½Sdonfh teuf wdkif;&if;om;bmomoifausmif;rsm; vkH;0zGifhvSpfí rjzpfawmhbJ (2) bm<br />

omoifausmif; (6) ausmif;rSmvnf; zGifhvSpfonf qdk½kHrQ zGifhvSpfxm;onf/ ausmif;wufaom ausmif;om;OD;a&rSm<br />

w0ufyif r½Sdacs/ tcsKdU av;ig;ausmif;avmufrQom qdkif&mu aoG;aqmifívnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;xH<br />

vdkufvHí ausmif;um;rsm;jzifh ac:jcif;aMumifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol 1^3 ausmf 2^3 eD;yg; wufa&mufaeonf/<br />

xdkodkYaom ausmif;rsm;udk cGJí tvSnfhus oydwfwm;avonf/<br />

14? 2? 1939 wGif oydwfwm;&aom ausmif;rsm;rSm-<br />

(1) rufo'pfa,musFm;av;ausmif; (5) vrf;rawmf bufywpfausmif;<br />

(2) rufo'pfrdef;uav;ausmif; (6) pdefAifhqifausmif;<br />

(3) q&mjzpfoifausmif; (7) 0dwdk&d,ausmif;<br />

(4) pdefar&D (vrf;rawmfausmif;)<br />

þausmif;rsm;udk oydwfwm;&m atmifjrifavonf/<br />

267

268<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(p) a'gufwmbarmfjyKwfusjcif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;aphpyfjcif;<br />

a'gufwmbarmfonf oHCmawmfrsm;rS wqifh aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;u rEkwf<br />

rxGufcsif; aphpyfrI rjyKvkyf[k ajymqdkavonf/ udkvSa½Tu a'gufwmbarmf EkwfxGuf&efom awmif;qdkavonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u 1935 tufOa'udk zsuf&efom ajymqdkavonf/<br />

1939 azazmf0g&D (16) &uf vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&jzKwfcsa&; t,kHtMunfr½Sdtqdkudk<br />

axmufcHol (70)? uefYuGufol (37) a,muf? Mum;ae (11) a,mufjzifh tqdktEdkif&½Sdí ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfus<br />

oGm;onf/ xdkYaeY rwdkifrD 15? 2? 39 wGif 91-XmetkyfcsKyfa&; romcsyGJrsm; &efukefwNrdKUvkH;wGif usif;yonf/<br />

wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;onf aemufxyftpdk;& rzGJUbJ (&mxl; vufrcHMubJ) tkyfcsKyfa&;opfudk vTwfawmfwGif;?<br />

vTwfawmfy wdkufzsufMu&ef vIHYaqmfavonf/ xdkvIHYaqmfrIwGif 20? 2? 39 wGif NrdKUawmfcef;rü vlxktpnf;ta0;<br />

usif;yavonf? &mxl;vufrcH&ef qkH;jzwfavonf/<br />

&efukef,leDAmpDwD oydwfarSmuf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;?<br />

a&eHajroydwfarSmuf<br />

rsKd;cspfrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;?<br />

rEåav; tmZmenf (17) OD;wdkhtm;<br />

vnf;aumif; tMuifemw&m;uif;rJUpGm?<br />

vlom;rqefpGm &uf&ufpufpuf<br />

aoewfjzifh ypfouf&ef trdefhay;cJUaom<br />

e,fcsJY NAdwdoQ\ vufudkifwkwf<br />

a'gufwmbarmf OD;pD;onfU<br />

ñGefhaygif;tpdk;&tm; jynfolwdkhu<br />

romcstcrf;tem;w&yf pDpOfum<br />

þodkh'PfcwfcJhonf<br />

a'gufwmbarmfñGefYaygif;tpdk;& jyKwfusoGm;onfhtcg Auoacgif;aqmif udkvSa½Tu aMunmcsufw&yf<br />

xkwfjyefavonf/<br />

&JabmfwdkhñGefYaygif;tpdk;&<br />

jyKwfusoGm;aomfvnf; igwdkYawmif;qdkcsuf r&½Sdao;? &½Sdatmif vkyfMu&OD;rnf/<br />

igwdkY aoG;pnf;wdkufyGJ0ifvdkY jyKwfusoGm;onf/ odkYaomf xyfNyD; aoG;pnf;Mu&OD;rnf/<br />

vSa½T<br />

Ouú|<br />

Auo<br />

xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf ñGefYaygif;tpdk;& EkwfxGuf jyKwfusoGm;NyD;aemuf vuf½Sd jrefrmEdkifiHbk&ifcHu<br />

tpdk;& zGJUpnf;ay;&ef ay;tyfonfhtcg tkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;jyK vTwfawmftrwf OD;oGifxHodkY pma&;om;tyfESHMu&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;oGifxHodkYay;pmrSm-<br />

Source: Aung Tun 's Original Copy

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;oGif<br />

txufvTwfawmftrwf<br />

OD;rif;cifAsm;<br />

1/ uRefawmfausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifhwuG wdkif;jynftwGif;ü rausreyf jzpfaeMuaom tcsuf<br />

tvufrsm;udk auseyfpGm½Sdatmif OD;rif;udk,fwdkif eef;&if;0ef&mxl;udk vufcHrSjzpfrnf[k ,kHMunfvQif eef;&if;<br />

0ef&mxl;udk vufcHí? txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk aqmif½Gufay;yg cifAsm;/<br />

2/ tu,fí txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk oifhavsmfaom tcsdeftwGif;ü usaemfwdkY auseyfatmif r½SdcJhaomf<br />

eef;&if;0ef &mxl;rS EIwfxGufcJhyg&ef cifAsm;/<br />

3/ tu,fí txufygtcsuftvufrsm;udk &½SdNyD;aomfvnf; Auorsm;toif; A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu<br />

OD;rif;onf &mxl;qufcHaejcif; tm;jzifh tusKd;rrsm;awmh[k oabm&½Sdí xGufay;&ef arwÅm&yfcHaomtcg<br />

&mxl;rS EkwfxGufcJhyg&ef cifAsm;/<br />

,kHMunfav;pm;pGmjzifU<br />

ykH-vSa½T<br />

A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY (Auo)<br />

OD;oGifESifh NrdKYrdNrdKYzrsm; jyefvnfaMujimcsuf<br />

1/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufonf oifhavsmfonf[k uREkfyfwdkY oabm&½Sdonfhtwdkif; rnfonfh<br />

tzGJUacgif;aqmifudk rqdk tpdk;&topf rzGJUpnf;MurD ausmif;om;rsm;\awmif;qdkcsufudk aqmif½Gufay;ygrnf[k<br />

bk&ifcHxHrS a½S;OD;pGm *wd0efcHcsuf &½Sdap&ef aqmif½GufoifhaMumif;/<br />

2/ bk&ifcHxHrS xdk*wdcH0efcsuf r½Sdvsif tpdk;&opfzGJU&ef vkyfief;wm0efudk rnfonfh ygwDurQ vufrcH&ef<br />

wdkufwGef;aMumif;/<br />

ykH<br />

(1) OD;oGif (2) OD;vSbl; (3) OD;ñGefh (4) OD;bdkaysmU<br />

(5) OD;jrifU (6) OD;bdk;atmif (7) OD;xGef;OD;<br />

þuJhodkU OD;ykacgif;aqmifaom tpdk;&opfzGJUpnf;NyD;aemuf wufvmaom eef;&if;0efOD;yk? OD;apmwdkYonf<br />

NrdKUrdNrdKUzac: olaX;OD;oGif? OD;bdkaysmhtp½Sdaom vlBuD;rsm;ESifh udkvSa½TwdkYonf 20? 2? 39 rS pí aphpyfaqG;aEG;Muonf/<br />

27? 2? 39 aeYpGJjzifh udkvSa½T vufrSwfjzifh atmufygtwdkif; aMujimcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

(u) ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;u ¤if;wdkhvufatmuf½Sdausmif;om;tm;vkH;udk atmufygtcsufrsm;<br />

vdkufemap&rnf/<br />

(1) w&m;Oya'ESifh qefYusifaomtrIrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;rSjzpfap? tm;ay;jcif;rSjzpfap a½SmifMuOf&rnf?<br />

(2) ,ckvuf½Sdwuúodkvfausmif;rsm;ESifh pmoifausmif;rsm;oydwfarSmufjcif;&yfpJ&rnf/<br />

(c) tpdk;&u-<br />

(1) tpdk;&udk tMunfñdkysufatmif a[majymjcif;? tMurf;jyKvkyfjcif;? tMurf;jyKvkyf&ef EdI;aqmfjcif;rsm;<br />

yg0ifaom trIrsm;rSwyg; ,ckqlyloydwfarSmufrIESifhywfoufí rzrf;qD;? odkYr[kwf ppfaMumpD&ifí<br />

tjypf'Pfay;jcif; cH&aom wynfh ausmif;om;rsm;udkvTwfrnf?tpdk;&MunfndKysufatmifa[majymjcif;?<br />

tMurf;jyKvkyfjcif;? tMurf;jyKvkyf&ef vIHYaqmfay;jcif; ryg0ifonfh trIrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í w&m;½kH;awmf<br />

wGif tppftaq;cHae&olwdkYtwGufrSm tpdk;&rif;wdkYu pD&ife,fpk &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;tm; qdkif&m<br />

trItvdkufa½SUaewdkYESifh wdkifyifí trIrS ½kwfodrf;cGifhjyK&ef oifh? roifhudk pOf;pm;&eftwGuf ajymMum;<br />

vdrfhrnf/ þtcsdefü w&m;Oya't& w&m;½kH;awmfu qkH;jzwfonfhtwdkif; wnfrnf/<br />

269

270<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(2) txufyg eHygwf (1) t& wynfhausmif;om;rsm;tm; csrf;omcGifhay;onfh enf;wlyif a&eHajrrS<br />

&efukefNrdKYodkY ajcvQifygvmMuaom a&eHoydwfudpörsm;wGif yg0ifojzifh tjypf'PfcH&olwdkYudkvnf;<br />

csrf;omcGifh ay;vdrfhrnf/<br />

(3) ,aeYrwdkifrD vuf½Sdpmoifausmif;rsm;ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;rsm; oydwfarSmufjcif;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

usK;vGefcJhaom trIrsm;twGuf usL;vGefonhftrIonf tMurf;rIjzpfap? &mZ0wfrIjzpfap? rusK;vGefvQif<br />

wynfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;pnf;urf;t& ta&;,lvdrfhrnfr[kwf/<br />

(4) ausmif;pmar;yGJrsm;ESifh ywfoufí ,ckvuf½Sd oydwfvSefNyD;aemuf tenf;qkH; (3) vcGmí aemufxyf<br />

pmar;yGJ usif;yvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;pmar;yGJcrsm;rSm pmar;yGJ0ifonfhausmif;om; ajzqdk&onfh bmom&yf<br />

twGuf tcsKd;us ay;&vdrfhrnf/ wuúodkvfausmif; pmar;yGJrsm;twGuf xdkenf;wlpGm ta&;,l&ef<br />

tpdk;&u qdkif&modkYaxmufcHcsuf ay;rnf/<br />

(5) 1938? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeY twGif;0efrsm;½kH;ü ykvdyfESifh ausmif;om;wdkYjzpfyGm;onfh udpötwGuf<br />

pkHprf;a&;aumfrwDBuD;wck cefYxm;vdrfhrnf/ ¤if;tzGJUü tpdk;&t&m½Sd r[kwfaom yk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0if<br />

vdrfhrnf/<br />

(ykH) armifyk (ykH) OD;oGif (ykH) vSa½T<br />

eef;&if;0efBuD; Ouú| NrdKYrdNrdKYz ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

¤if;tjyif Auoxkwfjyefcsuf trSwf (49) [lí atmufygtwdkif; xGufvm\/<br />

azazmf0g&Dv (26) &ufaeY? nae (5) em&D? rdepf (30) tcsdefwGif OD;oGiftdrfü tpdk;&ESifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzvlBuD;<br />

rsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm; ta&twGuf oabmwlnDcsuf wck&½Sdavonf/ xdkoabmwlnDcsufudk Auotvkyf<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUonf vufcHvdkufNyD jzpfaMumif;? xdkYaMumifh Armjynft&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;rsm;ESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;onf<br />

ausmif;rsm; oydwfvSef&ef tvkyftrIaqmifu qifhqdkvdkufaMumif;/<br />

(ykH)<br />

vSa½T<br />

(q) ausmif;om;rsm; ESpftkyfpkuGJjcif;<br />

udkvSa½Tonf tkyfcsKyfa&;wdkufzsuf&ef trwf0efcHuwdawmif;&mü (67) a,muf tenf;qkH;vdk&m? rs<br />

Kd;cspftrwf<br />

(11) OD;ESifh tjcm;trwf (15) a,mufom &½SdcJhojzifh tkyfcsKyfa&;wdkufzsuf&ef tpDtpOfxajrmufpGm vkyfudkifEdkifzG,f<br />

r½Sdojzifh ,cifu awmif;qdkxm;aom uwday;csufrsm; tokH;jyK&ef taMumif;r½SdNyDjzpfí trwfrsm;tm;vkH;u<br />

0efcHpmrsm; jyeftyfvdkufavonf/<br />

,if;owif;udk 17? 2? 39 xkwf owif;pmrsm;wGif zwfvdkuf&aomtcg vlxk? &[ef;½Sifvl? a½Twd*kH tvkyf<br />

orm;oydwfaygif;pkHpcef;ESifh NrdKUrausmif;om; wyfpcef;wdkYrSm tHhMowkefvIyf *PmrNidrf jzpfukef\/<br />

28? 2? 39 eHeuf (11) em&DcGJ tcsdefwGif wyfpcef;? oydwfpcef; ausmif;om;rsm; xrif;pm;NyD;csdef? wNrdKU<br />

vkH; ausmif;om;wyf acgif;aqmifrsm;udk &yfuGufwdkif; vTwfí NrdKUrpcef;ü ½Sif;vif;yGJBuD;½SdaMumif;? NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;tm;<br />

zdwfMum;aMumif; aMunmcdkif;&onf/<br />

aeYvnf (12) em&DwGif tpnf;ta0;pí &J&Jawmufudkoef;wifu pdwfvdkufrmefyg ]]OD;yk? OD;oGif? OD;apmwdkY<br />

ESifh udkvSa½TtrSL;jyKaom trIaqmifwdkY uRefawmftyg aphpyfa&;oGm;onfum; trSefyif? uRefawmfudk,fwdkif (2) n<br />

tpnf;ta0; a&mufaomfvnf; pdwfvnf;r0ifpm;? xdkntpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif idkufjrnf;rdaMumif;? trSefrSmvnf;<br />

aphpyfpJ? udk,fawmif;olawmif; ajymqdkaeMuvdrfhrnf/ ,ck owif;rsm;ygovdk jAKef;pm;BuD;jzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf<br />

udk,fwdkif rxifrSwf r,kHMunfrdaMumif;? bmyJjzpfjzpf usaemfwdkY wdkif;jynfqEúdk ,lOD;rnfjzpfaMumif;}} ½Sif;vif;ajymí<br />

tpnf;ta0;udk ½kwfodrf;&m pdwfrysufqufvuf&ef vufoD;vufarmif;wef; tm;ay;ol? pdwfysufrMunf½Tif rsufESm<br />

nd§K;i,folwdkYjzifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzvlxkBuD;rSm xGufcGm oGm;Muayonf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

þodkYjzifh ausmif;om;EdkifiHa&;udk ajcpkHypf0ifNyD[k a

272<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aqmif½Gufjcif;udkyif igwdkY owd&oifhayonf/ aphpyfa&;udk rauseyfaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf; rdrdwdkY ½dk;om;pGm<br />

pdwfxufoefrIaMumifh rauseyfMu[k igwdkY,lqí ¤if;wdkYudkvnf; aphpyfa&; vufrSwfa&;xdk;olrsm; uJhokdYyif ¤if;wdkY<br />

EdkifiHa&;aqmif½GuforQ twGuf todtrSwfjyKMu&rnf jzpf\/}}<br />

(ps) 'kwd,urÇmppfrwdkifrD ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

'kwd,urÇmppf pwifaomtcg NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ oabmxm;tay: ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(Auo) ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) trIaqmif (2) zGJUpvkH;u 1930 jynfh? Zlvdkifv (2) &ufaeUpGJ<br />

jzifh atmufygaMujimcsuf w&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

aMunmcsuf<br />

*smrPDemZDonf vlYavmuBuD;\ vGwfvyfrIudk zsufpD;ypfrnfholrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh wdkif;jynfi,fav;<br />

rsm;\ vGwfvyfa&;udk umuG,fvdkaom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh ,ckppfyGJxJodkY 0ifwdkuf&ygonf[k NAdwdoQtpdk;&u<br />

aMunmcJh\/<br />

xdkodkY wdkif;jynfi,fav;rsm;\ vGwfvyfrIudk csKyfcs,fvsuf½Sdaom emZDwdkY\ &efukd csKd;ESdrf&mü vGwfvyfrIudk<br />

tvdk½SdMuaom Armjynfol? jynfom;rsm;onf NAdwdoQwdkYudk vltm;? aiGtm;jzifh ulnDMuyg[lívnf; Armjynf<br />

NAdwdoQtpdk;&wdkYu aMunmcJh\/<br />

odkYygvsuf þodkYaMunmcJhaom NAdwdoQtpdk;&onf ,cktcg ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; wyfOD;rSaeí EdkifiHh<br />

0efxrf; ocifrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHi,fuav;rsm;\ owif;pm? pmtkyfpmwrf; tp½SdonfwdkYudk vnf;<br />

aumif;? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fvsuf½SdonfrSm wdkif;jynfwGif waeYwjcm; xif½Sm;vmNyDjzpfaMumif;? þodkY jyKvkyfrItwGuf<br />

wwdkif;jynfvkH; rcHr&yfEdkifatmifjzpfNyD; qlylvIyf½Sm;vmcJhvsuf þqlylvIyf½Sm;rIonf Armjynf NAdwdoQtpdk;&<br />

\ wm0efom jzpfonf[k þtrIaqmif ESpfzGJUaygif; tpnf;ta0;u twdtvif; ,lqonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf omreftcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif EdkifiHa&;e,ferdwfwGif;odkY csOf;eif;0ifa&muf&ef pdwfydkif;jzwf<br />

jcif;r½Sdaomfvnf; tdrfa½SUyl? tdrfaemufrcsrf;om jzpfonfhtcgrsKd;wGif rdrdwdkY ausmif;t&Htwm;twGif;rS vufydkuf<br />

um MunfhaeEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfí ,cktpnf;ta0;BuD;rS aumif;pGm,lqojzifh wEdkifiHvkH;½Sd ausmif;ol? ausmif;<br />

om;taygif;wdkYtm; ,cktcsdefrS pNyD; ½kwfw&uf ay:aygufvmtHhaom udpötrsKd;rsKd;wdkYtwGuf toifh½Sdap&ef<br />

qifhqdkonf[lí þtrIaqmif ESpfzGJUaygif;tpnf;ta0;u aocsmpGm ,kHMunfaMumif;-<br />

Ouú|<br />

ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

Ouú|<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

xdkYtjyif ArmhxGuf&yf*dkPf; vGwfvyfa&;t"d|meftm; axmufcHcsufudkvnf;-<br />

&Jabmfausmif;om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

ArmhxGuf&yf*dkPf;BuD;\ vkyfief;w&yfjzpfaom vGwfvyfa&;t"d|mefaeYonf ½kwfw&uf ay:aygufvmcJh\/<br />

igwdkYonf vGwfvyfa&;vdkvm;aom trsKd;om;tcsif;csif;jzpfí NrdKUe,ftoD;oD;wGif vGwfvyfa&; t"d|mefjyKMu<br />

ayrnf/ taqG&Jabmf ausmif;om;wdkYonfvnf; xdkvlrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;twGuf ½dk;ajrMu<br />

BudK;pm; aqmif½GufMurnfqdkí t"d|mefjyKMu&ef A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUBuD;u av;eufpGm wdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfvdkufaMumif;/<br />

ArmEdkifiH awmifolv,form;? tvkyform;tpnf;t½kH;rsm;uvnf; ,ckvmrnfh 0gqdkvjynfh (1) em&DwGif<br />

ArmjynftESHYtjym;ü usif;yjyKvkyfrnfjzpfaom t"d|mefaeYwGif awmifolv,form;tpnf;t½kH;0ifrsm;? tvkyf<br />

orm; tpnf;t½kH;0ifrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;wdkYESifh qdkif&m NrdKU½Gmrsm;wGif yl;wGJyg0if<br />

usif;y&ef wdkufwGef;vdkufaMumif;-<br />

ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ocifrsm;tm; zrf;qD;csKyfcs,frIrsm;udk uefYuGuf½Iwfcsaom &efukefNrdKUvkH;uRwf tpnf;ta0;BuD;udk 1940<br />

jynfhESpf? Zlvdkifv (7) &uf? aeYvnf (1) em&DwGif *sLAvDa[m½kH;BuD;ü usif;y&m vlxkESifhausmif;om;rsm; wufa&mufcJhMu<br />

onf/ ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| aersKd;oD[ol&bGJUcH udkvSarmifu-<br />

]]ausmif;om;rsm;onf wdkif;a&;jynfa&;wGif raeombJ xyfwvJvJ yg0if&rnf jzpfaMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

\ tiftm;udk trsm;uyif od½SdNyD;jzpfonf[k ,kHMunfaMumif;? EdkifiHa&;aqmif½Guf&mwGif t"du okH;csufwdkYrSm<br />

1/ rdk;xdatmif ajymNyD; tvkyfudk tenf;i,f pwifvkyfMu&rnf/<br />

2/ rdk;vm;? uJvm;ajymvnf; ajym? tvkyfudkvnf; usyfjynfh wif;jynfh vkyfMu&rnf/<br />

3/ ta&;BuD;vmonfhtcgwGif tajymudk avQmhajymí tvkyfudk oufpGefUBudK;yrf;vkyfjy&rnf jzpfaMumif;?<br />

,cktcg ta&;BuD;vmNyDjzpfí tajymudkavQmhí tvkyfudk oufpGefYBudK;yrf; vkyfaqmifMu&ef tcsdefMua&mufNyD<br />

jzpfaMumif; owday; ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

(n) oHrPdwyfrsm;zGJUpnf;jcif;<br />

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf Auotpnf;ta0;udk ykHrSef usif;yaeonfh tcsdefrS atmufwdkbmv<br />

(1) &ufwGif ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk usif;ycJhonf/ udkvSa½Tudk Ouú| tjzpf a½G;cs,fcJhNyD; udkA[def;udk twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

tjzpf a½G;cs,fcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrI tjrifhqkH;trSwfodkY a&mufvmonf/ zufqpf0g'ESifh ppf<br />

0g'\ qdk;0g;ykHudk 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdrSwqifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf w½kwfudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUESifh {nfhcHyGJrS od½Sd&ayonf/<br />

udkvSa½Tonf wuoOuú|ae&mudk udkvSarmiftm; vJTajymif;ay;NyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rItwGif;odkY<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;yg 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/ Ouú| udkvSarmifu ]qefhusifbufrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;&ef Armjynf<br />

vGwfvyfa&; jyef&&ef BudK;yrf;Muyg} [k ajymqdkoGm;avonf/ ausmif;om;oHrPdwyfudk uspfvpfcdkifrmpGm zGJUpnf;Mu<br />

onf/ ausmif;om;oHrPdwyfrS udkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH) jzpfonf/ aemuf udkodrf;aqG? udkcspfNrdKif (AdkvfrSL;BuD;a[mif;)?<br />

udkaX; (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkarmifudk (ppfudkif;)? udkazñGefY(EdkifiHa&;twGif;0efa[mif;? vQyfppf)?<br />

udkBuD;jrifhwdkYrSm oHrPdwyf nDvmcHac:í ppfynmususee oifMum;&ef a&;qGJpDrHxm;cJhMu\/<br />

(#) ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf<br />

umuG,fa&;oHrPdtzGJY BuD;<br />

trdefhtrSwf (1)<br />

atmufwdkbm (20)? 1939 ckESpf<br />

1/ e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>toif; oHrPdwm0efcHrsm;onf odap&rnfrSm ,cktcsdefwGif oHrPdpnf;rsOf;rsm; Oya'rsm;udk<br />

a&;qGJaeqJ jzpfonf/ xdka&;qGJaecdkufwGif oHrPdwyfrsm;zGJUpnf;a&;udk qdkif;iHhrxm;Muapvdk? tvkyfwGifatmifvkyfESifh<br />

Muapvdkonf/ oHrPdpnf;rsOf; NyD;ajrmuf&eftwGuf wvrQavmuf tcsdefMumjrifhvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsdeftwGif; atmufyg<br />

vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfESifhMuapvdkonf/ odkYrSomvQif igwdkY\vkyfief;BuD; rMumcif NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifvdrfhrnf/<br />

2/ wyfom;pkaqmif;jcif;<br />

oHrPdwyftwGuf ausmif;om; BuD;i,fra½G; touf (8) ESpfrStxuf tm;vkH;udk vufcH&rnf/ a&;qGJaeqJ<br />

oHrPdpnf;rsOf;rsm;ukd <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu twnfjyKNyD;rS xdkwyfom;wdkYudk tkyfcsKyfí ppfa&;jyap<br />

&rnf/<br />

3/ t0wftpm;<br />

oHrPdpnf;rsOf;udk twnfrjyKrD wyfom;wdkYonf oifhavsmfaom t0wftpm;wdkYESifhyif ppfa&;jyoEdkifMu<br />

onf/ a&;qGJaeqJ oHrPdpnf;rsOf;wGif wyfom;t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; a&;xm;onf/<br />

½dk;½dk;wyfom;rsm; 0wfqif&eft0wftpm;rSm-<br />

(u) ½Syfvufwdktpdrf;ykwfa&mif aumfvmESifh<br />

(c) abmif;bDwdk tpdrf;ykwfa&mif<br />

273

274<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(*) cg;ywft0ga&mif<br />

(C) OD;xkwf ( 0g;zwfOD;xkwf) tpdrf;ykwfa&mif (t0g&pfESifh)<br />

(i) ajctdwftpdrf;ykwfa&mif (t0g&pfESifh)<br />

(p) bdeyf (tjzLa&mifr[kwfap&)<br />

4/ ppfa&;jyoMu&mwGif trdefYay;rnfh Adkvfonf yxrqkH;wyfom;rsm;tm; rdrday;&rnfhtrdefYpum;vkH;rsm;udk<br />

udk,fwdkif oduRrf;wwfajrmuf em;vnfxm;ap&rnf/ toHaetoHxm;? twdkt½Snf? twdrfteufudk aumif;pGmowd<br />

jyK&rnf/ wyfom;rsm; av;av;uefuef vkyfvQifvnf; Munfhrae&/ wyfom;rsm; pnf;urf;rao0yfvQifvnf;<br />

ppfa&;jyojcif;onf tydktvkyfom jzpf\/<br />

oHrPdwm0efcHt&m½Sdrsm;ESifh wyfom;rsm; avhusifh&ef<br />

(1) trdefhay;rnfU AdkvftwGuf<br />

trdefYay;rnfh Adkvfwyfom;wdkYtm; trdefYtmPmray;rD rdrdu (owd) ü ae&rnf/ xdkYaemuf trdefYray;rD<br />

wyfom;rsm;tm; (oHrPd) [ka½SUajy;pum; (owday;pum;) udk atmfNyD;rS vdk&mtrdefYudk ay;&rnf/ trdefYay;&mwGif<br />

yg;pyfzsm;rS ayghqqxGufaom toHrsKd;ESifh trdefYray;&/ vnfacsmif;rS tpfíxGufaom toHrsKd;ESifh av;av;eufeuf<br />

trdefUay;&rnf/<br />

(2) owd[k trdefhay;jcif;<br />

þtrdefYonf t*Fvdyfvdk (Attention) [laom pum;ESifhvnf;aumif;? paumufrsm;\ (Alert) [laom<br />

pum;ESifhvnf;aumif;? xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfavonf/ trdefYay;oltwGuf (owd) [k qdk&mwGif (o-oH) udk cyf ½Snf½SnfqGJí<br />

(wd) ü rsm;pGm jywfom; yDoap&rnf/ (wd) oHudk toHjzwfESifh wdkawmif;pGm trdefYay;&rnf/ (oESifh wd) Mum;wGif<br />

wpfpuúefY? ESpfpuúefYrQ tcsdefMumap&rnf/ (owd) [k qdkapaomfvnf; o-"d[k vnfacsmif;oH xGufap&rnf/ owd[k<br />

trdefUray;rD (oHrPd) udk yxrqifh qdk&rnf/ (oHrPd) [k qifhqdkvdkufí (2-3) puúefYavmufMumrS owdudk<br />

trdefYay;&rnf/<br />

Oyrm- oHrPd -- om -- "d<br />

t&m½SdtrdefYay;vQif wyfom;rsm;u OD;acgif;? udk,f? ajc? vufwdkYudk wnfhrwf wnfNidrfpGm xm;&rnf/<br />

rsufpdwdkYrS wyg; wudk,fvkH; rvIyf½Sm;&/ vufacsmif;rsm;udk tenf;i,fauG;í vufrrsm;\ txufqkH; tqpfrSm<br />

auG;aeaom vufñdSK;tqpfay:wGif wnf½Sdap&rnf/ vufqpfwdkYudk ab;wGifxm;í vufz0g;udk aygifzsm;bufodkY<br />

vSnfhxm;&rnf/ vufrudk a½SUvnfü abmif;bDcsKyf½dk; aemufem;wGif uyfcg oufompGmxm;&<br />

rnf/ vufESpfzufpvkH; udk,fESifh ajzmifhwef;pGmxm;&rnf/ vufrsm;udk aemufodkYrauG;ap&/<br />

ajczaemifhjcif; xdxm;í ajcrwckESifhwck (8) vufruGm xm;&rnf/ wenf;tm;jzifh þodkU<br />

jyKvkyf&mwGif axmifh (45) 'D*&D ½Sd&rnf/ owdtrdefUudk vdkufemjyKvkyf&mwGif toufudk atmifhí<br />

vludkjyif;xefpGm awmifhxm;&ef rvdkacs/<br />

(3) oufom<br />

(St<strong>and</strong> at Ease) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQjzpfonf/ owdrS oufomodkY trdefYay;vQif b,fajcudk b,fbufodkY<br />

waycefY a½TUí vufESpfbufudkvnf; wNydKifwnf; aemufodkY,lcg nmvufzrdk;udk b,fvufz0g;ESifh qkyfudkif&rnf/<br />

vufrsm;udk aeom,kHqefYí vIyfvIyf½Sm;½Sm; raeap&/ udk,fudk ajcESpfacsmif;ay:wGif tm;jyKí oufompGm ae&rnf/<br />

wudk,fvkH; NidrfNidrfoufouf ae&rnf/ b,fajcudk a½TU&mü nmajcudk vkH;0vIyf½Sm;jcif; rjyK<br />

vkyf&/<br />

oufomrS owdodkY trdefYay;&mwGif wyfom;rsm;onf b,fajcudk nmajcodkY uyfí<br />

vufrsm;udkvnf; (owd) trdefYrSmuJhodkY ae&rnf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(4) {ap<br />

(St<strong>and</strong> Easy) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQjzpfonf/ (oufom) xuf ydkí vGwfvyfpGm aeEdkifonf/ ajcESpfacsmif;rQ<br />

ty wudk,fvkH; vIyf½Sm;Edkif? wyfom;rsm; ({ap) taetxm;wGif &yfaeí trdefUay;olu (oHrPd)[k qifhqdkvdkufvQif<br />

tm;vkH; (oufom) taetxm;odkUjyifí aeMuap&rnf/ NyD;rS trdefUay;oHudk apmifhqdkif;Mu&rnf/<br />

(5) aejrJ<br />

(As Usual) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfayonf/ taetxm;wckckudk jyKvkyf&ef wyfom;rsm;u trdefYay;NyD;rS<br />

vnf;aumif;? tjcm;wjcm; wpkHw&maMumifh vnf;aumif;? oabmrusí yxraejrJtwdkif; aeap&ef trdefUjzpfonf/<br />

Oyrm-oufomrS om--wd [k trdefYay;onfhtcgwGif wyfom;rsm; aES;vGef;íaomf vnf;aumif;jzpfap?<br />

rnDvGef;í vnf;aumif;? wOD;wa,mufu rSm;,Gif;íaomf vnf;aumif; jzpfí oufomodkYay;aom trdefY jzpfonf/<br />

(6) oHrPdrSwf - rSm<br />

trdefYay;jcif; r[kwf/ uRrf;usifaom wyfom;½dk;½dk; wOD;tm;aomfvnf;aumif;? oHrPdwyfMuyfwOD;OD;tm;<br />

aomfvnf;aumif;? trdefYay;olAdkvfu wef;pDjcif;wGif acgif;aqmifjyKí a½SUqkH;rS &yfwefY&ef cefYxm;oljzpfonf/ trdefY<br />

ay;olESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif ESpfvSrf;tuGmwGif &yfí (owd)taetxm;ESifh ae&rnf/ aemuftrdefYay;olu (oHrPd-<br />

-oufom) [k trdefYay;rS (oufom) taetxm;wGif ae&rnf/ wyfpkrsm;vQif rsm;ovdk oHrPdrSwf OD;a&vnf;<br />

rsm;&rnf/<br />

(7) twef;pD<br />

(On Parade or Full in) ESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfap&rnf/ wyfom;rsm; &ifabmifwef;pDí trdefYay;jcif;jzpf<br />

onf/ oHrPdtwef; -- pD[k trdefYay;vQif wyfom;wdkYonf ½Sd&mae&mrS tvdktavsmuf (owd) vkyfNyD;vQif<br />

(oHrPdrSwf) qDodkY avQmufvmMu&rnf/ oHrPdrSwfab;wGif wa,mufpD 0if&yfcg(oufom)ü aeMu&rnf/ twef;pD<br />

qdkonfhtcgü wwef;wnf;om r[kwf? ESpfwef;pD&rnf/ aemufwef; yxrqkH;vlonf a½SUwef; 'kwd,vl\ aemuf<br />

wnfhwnfh? ajcESpfvSrf;uGmwGif &yf&rnf/ twef;pDwGif wyfom;rsm; wa,mufESifhwa,muf wayrQ uGmjcm;ap&rnf/<br />

vltwef; ñdSNyD;onfhwdkifatmif wyfom;rsm; nmbufodkY Munfhaevdrfhrnf/ xdktcg trdefYay;olu (a½SUodkUMunfh)[k<br />

trdefYay;&rnf/ xdkYaemufrS (oHrPd -- oufom) [k ay;&rnf/ oHrPdrSwfonf wyfom;rsm; vIyf½Sm;cdkufwGif<br />

Nidrfae&rnf/ ¤if;teD;rS wyfom; oufomvkyfNyD;rS olvnf; oufomvkyf&rnf/ a½SUwef;ü wyfom;tjynfh ½Sd&rnf/<br />

Mum;vyfí raeap&/ aemufwef;a&m a½SUwef;a&m vljynfh&efrSm pkHjzpfrS jynfhonf/ tu,fí vlrjynfhvQif aemufwef;<br />

b,fbufqkH;vlrS pí a&;aomf trSwf (3) ae&momvQif uGufvyfwae&m jzpfap&rnf/<br />

trdefh (7) twef;pDjcif;<br />

ae&mvGwf<br />

oHrPdrSwf<br />

ESpfa,mufwwGJ ab;pDjcif;udk (twGJpDjcif;)[k ac:&rnf/ twGJpDcdkufaomf vnf;umif;? twef;pDcdkufaomf<br />

vnf;aumif; ? wyfom;wdkYonf &,farmvIyf½Sm;jcif;wdkYudk a½SmifMuOf&rnf/ tu,fí wpkHwa,mufaom wyfom;<br />

Oyrm- ajctdyf? abmif;bD? tusÐwckck jyifvdkvQif aemufwef;vljzpfvQif aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwfí a½SUwef;vljzpfvQif<br />

a½SUodkY wvSrf;wufum jyifqif&rnf/ trdefYay;olonf Adkvftp½Sdonfh t&m½SdwdkYudk wpkHw&mwdkifwef;vdkygu<br />

txufwGif a&;cJhonfhtwdkif; a½SUaemuf wvSrf;qkwfí owdxGuf&yfaeNyD;rS wdkifwef;&rnf/ oHrPdrSwf rygvnf;<br />

oHrPdrSwfae&mwGif acwå0ifa&muf aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

275

276<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(8) nmu - nd§<br />

wyfom;rsm; vlpDjcif; taetxm; aumif;pGm rnDao;vQif þtrdefUudk ay;&rnf/ xdktcgoHrPdtrSwfESifh<br />

aemufwef; nmbufqkH;vlrS vGJí usefwyfom;tm;vkH; a½SUodkY ajcvSrf;w0ufrQ wuf&rnf/ NyD;rS ajcaxmufrsm;udk<br />

wjznf;jznf; a½TUum rdrdnmbuf wa,mufausmf wyfom;\ ar;zsm;uav;udk jrif&,kH½SdonfhtcgwGif &yf&rnf/<br />

trdefYay;oludk,fwdkif odkYr[kwf vufatmufcH t&m½SdwOD;OD;u wyfom;rsm; nD? rnDudk ab;uaeí Munfh&rnf/<br />

a½SUxGufaeolwdkYudk aemufa½TU&ef ajym&rnf aemufxGufaeolwdkYudk a½SUwdk;&ef ñTefjy&rnf/ þtrdefYudk tcgcyfodrf;ay;<br />

&efrvdk/ wyfom;rsm;onf udk,fhbmomudk *½kpdkufí jyifqif&rnf/ ta&;BuD;aom tcgBuD;&ufrsm;wGif þtrdefYudk<br />

okH;jrJjzpfonf/ xdktwef; n§d&mwGif acgif;ESifh rsufpdudkom vSnfh&rnf/ wudk,fvkH;vdkufí ukef;&efuG&ef rvdkay/<br />

nmujyif? b,fujyif [laom trdefYwdkYonf trdefYay;olu wyfom;rsm; wpkHwckjyKvkyf&ef trdefYay;NyD;í? &yfwefY<br />

ae&m taetxm; rnDñGwfí ay;&aom trdefYjzpfonf/ odkYaomf wyfom;rsm;onf wpkHwckjyKvkyf NyD;onfhtcgwdkif;<br />

xdktrdefYudk apmifhqdkif;&ef rvdk/ tvdktavsmuf udk,fwdkifn§d&rnf/<br />

(9) nmodkhMunfU? b,fodkhMunfU<br />

udk,fudk wnfhrwfpGmxm;í b,fbufodkYvnf;aumif;? nmbufodkYvnf;aumif;? acgif;apmif;íMunfh&rnf/<br />

(10) a½SYodkhMunfU<br />

txufutrdefYtwdkif; b,fbufnmbufodkY Munfhae&mrS a½SUodkYMunfhap&ef trdefYwnf;/ wyfom;wdkif;<br />

rsufpdwdkYonf a½SUwnfhwnfhta0;odkY Munfh&rnf/<br />

(11) oHrPd - - - trSwf<br />

wyfom;rsm; trSwfa&&efay;aom trdefUjzpfonf/ xdktcg a½SUwef;nmbuf tpGefqkH;vl (oHrPdtrSwfryg)<br />

upí (1-2-3-4-5) ponfjzifh b,fbuftqkH; vlwdkif; wa,mufpD trSwfudk atmfí ½Gwf&rnf/ xdkodkY ½Gwfqdk&mwGif<br />

acgif;rvSnfh&/ aemufwef;u wyfom;rsm; trSwfatmf&ef rvdk/ ukd,fha½SU vltrSwfudkyif ,l&rnf/<br />

(12) nmvSnfU<br />

udk,fudk wnfhrwfpGmxm;? vufrvIyf&/ (1) nmajczsm;ESifh b,fajczaemifhudk

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

rnf/ udk,fvufwdkYudk rvIyfr&rf;ap&/ ajrmufaeaom ajcESifhajrBuD; tenf;qkH; (8) vufrcefY uGm&rnf/ wwfEdkif<br />

vQif aygifESifh ajrBuD; ,SOfNydKifaeonfh txd ajr§mufEdkifonf/<br />

(18) &yf<br />

tcsdefrSwfaepOf (&yf) trdefYay;&efrSm b,fajc ajrtuswGif (oHrPd) [k owday;pum; qifhqdkvdkufí?<br />

aemufwBudrf b,fajc ajrtuswGif (&yf) [k oHjywfESifh trdefYay;&rnf/ (&yf) [k trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf<br />

b,fajcrSm ajrwGifusNyD;jzpfí nmajcudk b,fajcteD;odkY odrf;vdkufcg &yfwefY&rnf/ ajcaxmufESifh wudk,fvkH;rSm<br />

vnf; (owd) taetxm;ü½Sdap&rnf/<br />

(19) tjrefavQmuf<br />

þtrdefYudk wyfom;rsm; &yfwefYaecdkufrSm jzpfap? tcsdefrSwfaecdkufrSm jzpfap? ay;Edkifonf/ trdefY&onfhtcg<br />

udk,fESifhacgif; wnfhrwfpGmxm;í b,fajcaxmufu pí vSrf;&rnf/ vufrsm;rSmvnf; b,fajcESifh nmvuf? nm<br />

ajcESifh b,fvufwdkY wNydKifeuf vTJ&rnf/ vufrsm; vTJ&rf;onfhtcg wawmifudk rauG;&/ vrf;avQmufonfh tcg<br />

udk,fhnmbufu vlrsm;ESifh nDaeap&rnfhtjyif? a½SUuvlESifhvnf; ajcvSrf;jcif; nDaeap&rnf/ wyfom;wdkif; a½SUuvl?<br />

ab;uvlrsm;ESifh ajcvSrf;nDatmif odkYr[kwf trdefYay;ol\ b,f-nm-b,f-nm[laom trdefYESifhnDatmif avQmuf<br />

Mu&rnf/<br />

(20) &yf<br />

tjrefavQmufaepOf wyfom;rsm;tm; &yfwefY&ef trdefYay;jcif;jzpfonf/ nmajcajrtusü (oHrPd) [k<br />

owday;pum; qifhqdkvdkuf&rnf/ aemufwBudrfnmajcajrtuswGif (&yf) [k oHjzwfESifh trdefYay;&rnf/ xdktcg<br />

wyfom;rsm;u b,fajc wvSrf;wufí nmajcESifhywf&rnf? &yfNyD;onfESifhwNydKifeuf wyfom;rsm;onf (owd) ü<br />

aeMu&rnf/ tjrefavQmufaepOf wrdepfwGif ajcvSrf; (120) ½Sdí wvSrf;ESifhwvSrf; vufr (30) uGm&onf/<br />

(21) twef;vdkufavQmuf<br />

wyfom;rsm; &ifabmifwef; avQmufjcif;wnf;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh wyfom;ESpfwef; avQmufavh½Sdonf/<br />

twef;vdkufavQmufjcif;rSm nDnm&ef rvG,fulvSacs/ odkYaMumifh yxrtrdefYay;olu wyfom;rsm;tavQmuf& vG,ful<br />

ap&ef b,f-nm-b,f-nm[k ½Gwfqdkay;&rnf/ trSwfESifhavhusifhEdkifu taumif;qkH;jzpfonf/ (1) qdkvQif b,f<br />

ajc a½SSSUwvSrf;wufí nmvufvnf; a½SUodkY ypf&rnf/ (2) qdkvQif nmajcESifh b,fvufa½SUodkY vTJ&rnf/ (3) qdk<br />

vQif b,fajc nmvuf tpOfvdkuf (1-2-3-4-5) ponfjzifh vSrf;oGm;&rnf/ xdkodkY avQmufonfhtcg wyfom;wdkif;<br />

rdrdnmbufuvludk t&dyftuJMunfhí nDnmatmif avQmuf&rnf/ nmbufqkH;wyfom;rsm;rSm ajcvSrf;rSef;í rusOf;<br />

rus,fap&ef txl;*½kpdkufap&rnf/<br />

(22) b,fauGY - nmauGY<br />

auGUaomtcgü b,fjzpfap? nmjzpfap? a'gifhrSef (Right Angle) jzpfatmif auGUay;&rnf/ ESpfa,mufjzpfap?<br />

okH;a,mufjzpfap? av;a,mufjzpfap? twef;vdkufjzpfap auGUaomtcgü twGif;qkH; vlonf (b,fbufodkY auGUvQif<br />

b,fbufqkH;vl? nmbufodkYauGUvQif nmbufqkH;vl) ajcvSrf;udk qufí rvSrf;bJ tcsdefrSwf aeap&rnf/ tjyif<br />

bufqkH;vlu rdrdESifh &ifabmifwef; vdkonfhbufodkY rsufESmwl½IrS a½SUodkYqufí wnDwnf;vSrf;&rnf/ aemufrSyg<br />

onfh twGJrsm; odkYr[kwf twef;rsm;vnf; þtwdkif; jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

(23) nm-vSnfU<br />

þtrdefUudk nmajc ajrtuswGif (oHrPd) [k owday;pum; qifhqdkvdkuf&rnf/ aemufwBudrf nmajc<br />

ajrtuswGif (nm) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ xdktcg b,fajconf nmajcteD;odkY uyfvdkufonfESifh wcsdefwnf; (wjydKif<br />

euf)? nmajconf nmbufodkY vSrf;&rnf/<br />

(24) xdkYtwl b,fbufwGif pí trdefYay;&rnf/ Oyrm- oHrPd (b,f)-- (nm--vSnfh)<br />

277

278<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(25) aemufvSnfhwdkif; nmbufrS vSnfh&rnf/ oHrPdaemuf--vSnfh [k trdefYay; (3) cGef;vkH;udk b,fajc ajr<br />

tuswGifom ay;&rnf/ nmajca½SUwvSrf;wdk;í b,fajcudk nmajc a½SUü uefYvefYcGcs/ nmajc

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

4/ oHrPdtrdefhay;jcif;rsm;<br />

oHrPdwyfudk trdefYay;jcif;udpöü Oyrm- nmvSnfh[k trdefYay;vQif trdefYay;oltzdkY vG,fulaomfvnf;<br />

trdefYemcH&olrsm;twGuf vdkufem&ef tenf;i,ftcuftcJ awGU&vdrfhrnf/ ajcvSrf; rSm;,Gif;Muonfudkvnf; rMum<br />

cP awGUayrnf/ odkYaomf pdwfrysufbJ BudK;pm;&ef vdkayonf/ trdefYrsm;udk pmjzifha&;om;xm;&m t"dyÜg,f t,ltq<br />

vGJaumif;vGJaeayrnf/ r½Sif;vif;aom udpörsm;twGufrl oHrPdtzGJUBuD;odkU pma&; ar;jref;Ekdifonf/ tMuHOmPfvnf;<br />

ay;Ekdifonf/<br />

5/ oHrPdzGJYpnf;yHk<br />

oHrPdzGJUpnf;yHk? &mxl;cefUxm;yHkwdkUESifh ywfoufí A[kdwGif½Sdaom wm0efcHtrIaqmifrsm;rSm pdwful;avmufrQ<br />

ESifhom pDpOf&onf/ tu,fí vkyfudkifonfhtcgrsm;wGif rjzpfEkdifonfh udpörsm;udkvnf; awGUMuHK&aumif; awGUMuHK&<br />

ayvdrfhrnf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif e,foHrPdwyfrsm;onf A[dkodkY tMuHay;ñTefMum;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfapvdkonf/ odkYrSom<br />

rSm;aeaom t&mrsm;udk trSefjzpfatmif jyifqifEkdifí trSefrsm;udkvnf; ydkrdk aumif;rGefatmif pDrHEkdifayrnf/<br />

6/ aemufqHk; owday;vdkonfrSm oHrPdzGJUpnf;a&;ESifhyufoufí rnfodkUcufcJyHk? taESmifht,Suf awGU&yHkrsm;udk<br />

aocsm*PpGm tjrefqHk; tpD&ifcHMuapvkdonf/ odkYrSomvQif xdktcuftcJ taESmifht,Sufrsm;udk rnfodkYrnfyHkwGef;vSef<br />

NzdKzsufEkdifrnfudk oHrPdtzGJUBuD;u BudKwifpOf;pm;í wjynfvHk;½Sd oHrPdwyfrsm;tm; tMuHay;Ekdifayrnf/<br />

7/ oHrPdtkyfcsKyfol t&m½Sdrsm;ESifh tkyfcsKyfolrsm;<br />

(u) oHrPdwyfMuyf? (c) oHrPdwyfMuyfBuD;? (*) oHrPd wyfMuyfrSL;? (C) vufaxmufAdkvf/<br />

oHrPd t&m½Sdrsm;<br />

(u) Adkvfuav;? (c) wyftkyfAdkvf (*) AdkvfrSL; (C) twkdifyifcHAdkvf (i) AdkvfcsKyf<br />

þ&mxl;rsm;udk tu,fí wdk;csJU&ef vkdvm;tyfaom tcsdefwGif wkd;csJU&ef &nf½G,fxm;aMumif;/<br />

8/ wm0efrsm;<br />

(u) oHrPdtMuyf? oHrPdwyfMuyf<br />

olonf wyfpkwckwGif (4) a,mufxuf ydkí r½SdEkdifacs/ ¤if;onf wyfom;½kd;½kkd;xuf &mxl;tqifhtwef;<br />

wxpfomjrifhonf/ wyfom;½dk;½dk; wa,mufudk tkyfcsKyf&onfh acgifolBuD; oabmrsKd;om jzpfonf/ ol\tvkyf<br />

wm0efrsm;rSm ppfa&;jy&mü olYxuf&mxl;jrifhaom wyfMuyfBuD;? wyfMuyfrSL;ESifh vufaxmufAdkvfuav;wdkYudk ulnD&<br />

rnf/ vufarmif;&pfrSm t½Snf (3) vufr? tus,f vufrw0uf ½Sdap&rnf/ xdkvuf&pfudk ycHk;tqufatmufESifh<br />

tusÐvufzsm;wdkY tv,fwnfhwnfhwGif b,f? nm wyfqif&rnf/<br />

(c) oHrPdwyfMuyfBuD;<br />

olonf wyfpkwckwGif trsm;qHk; (3) a,mufom ½Sdap&rnf/ oHrPdwyfMuyf&mxl; wqifhjr§ifhonf/<br />

olonf ppfa&;jy&mü wyfom; (20) xd udkifEkdifonf/ vuf&pfESpf&pf wyfqif&rnf/ 'kwd,t&pfudk yxrt&pfatmuf<br />

wnfhwnfhwGif vufr0ufjcm;íwyfqif&rnf/<br />

(*) oHrPdwyfMuyfrSL;<br />

olonfwyfpkwckwGif ESpfa,mufxufydkí r½Sdap&? ppfa&;jy&mwGif vl (30) txd oifMum;jyoEkdifonf/<br />

olonfwyfom;rsm;udk oifMum;jyo&rnfjzpfojzifh ppfrIa&;&mwGif tawmfwwfuRrf;NyD;ol jzpf&rnf/ wyfrsm;udk<br />

trdefYay;wwfap&rnf/ vuf&pf (3) &pf wyfqif&rnf/ wwd, t&pfudk yxrt&pfxuf vufr0ufwGif wyfqif<br />

&rnf/ olonf tMuyfBuD;xuf &mxl;wqifhjrifhonf/<br />

(C) vufaxmufAdkvf<br />

vufaxmufAdkvfrSm Adkvfuav;atmufwGif½Sdí tMuyfrSL;xuf tqifhtwef;jrifhonf/ olonfAdkvfuav;<br />

r½SdckdufwGif wyfpkwpkvHk;udk MoZmay; pDrHcefUcGJ&rnf/ vufaxmufAdkvf[k qdkaomfvnf; olonf oHrPdtzGJUwGif<br />

t&m½SdwOD; r[kwfacs/ wyfpkwckwGif vufaxmufAdkvf wa,mufom ½SdEkdifonf/ vufaxmufAdkvf cefYxm;&mü<br />

(<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh Adkvfuav;) u rcefY&/ wyfom; (40) odkYr[kwf (40) atmuf½Sd wyfom;rsm;u rJa½G;í wifajr§muf<br />

ap&rnf/<br />

279

280<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

oHrPdt&m&Sdrsm;<br />

(u) Adkvfuav;<br />

Adkvfuav;rSm oHrPdwyfpkudk tkyfcsKyfonfh t&m½SdwOD;jzpfonf/ ,cktcsdefü oHrPdoifwef;rsm; pmar;yGJ<br />

rsm;udk rusif;yEkdifao;ojzifh Adkvfuav;&mxl;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;toD;oD;rS oifhavsmfrnfh oludk cefYxm;Mu&aprnf/<br />

Adkvfuav;wGif wyfpkudk oabm½Sdovdk oHrPdpnf;rsOf;twkdif; pDrHjc,fvS,fEkdifonf/ wyfom;wOD;OD;udk xkwfy,f<br />

ypfEkdifonfh tmPm½Sdonf/ wyfpkwckvHk;udk tkyfcsKyf&mü olonf ta&;BuD;qHk;yk*¾dKvf jzpfonf/ wyfom; (40) rjynfhbJ<br />

wyfom; (25? 30? 35) qdkvQifvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif; toD;oD;wdkYonf xkdwyfom;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyf&ef Adkvfuav;<br />

wa,muf cefYap&rnf/ Oyrm- jrif;jcHwGif oHrPdwyfom; (69) a,muf½Sdonf/ xdk (69) a,mufpvHk;udk wyfAdkvf<br />

uav; wOD;wnf;ESifh rudkifEkdif/ odkYjzpfí wyfAdkvfuav; ESpfOD;½Sdap&ef <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;u Adkvfuav;wOD;udk aemufxyf<br />

cefUxm;Mu&rnf/ oHrPdtrdefYay;jcif;ESifh qkdiforQ vkyfief;rsm;udk oHrPdwm0efcH Adkvfuav;onf aumif;rGefusepGm<br />

uRrf;usif ap&rnf/ ¤if;tjyif pnf;rsOf;ESifh tjcm;vkyfief; wm0efrsm;udkvnf; uRrf;usif&efvkdayonf/ udk,fwkdif<br />

ppfa&;jyjcif;udk trdefUay;wwfap&rnf/ wyfpkESifhywfoufí wpHkwck jyKvkyfpDrHzG,f½SdvQif Adkvfuav;onf wyfMuyfrSL;?<br />

wyfMuyfBuD;? vufaxmufAdkvfwdkYESifh wkdifyifí pDrH&rnf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap olonf wyfpkwckudk tkyfcsKyfEkdifrnfh<br />

t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkap&rnf/<br />

(c) wyftkyfAdkvf<br />

olonf wyfom; (160) odkYr[kwf Adkvfuav; (4) OD;ukd tkyfcsKyfoljzpfonf/ olonf Adkvfuav;xuf<br />

&mxl;wqifh jrifhonf/ wyfom; (160) rjynfhaomfvnf; wyfom; (80) u ausmfvQif wyftkyfAdkvfwa,muf ½Sdap<br />

&rnf/ xdkwyftkyfAdkvfudk oHrPdpnf;rsOf; rajymif;ao;rD oHrPdrsm;uyif cefYxm;Mu&rnf/ Oyrm- ajrmif;jrNrdKUwGif<br />

ausmif; (3) ausmif; ½Sdonf/ wausmif;wGif wyfom; (30)? wausmif;wGif wyfom; (50)? wausmif;wGif wyfom;<br />

(45) a,muf½Sdonf[k qdkMupdkY/ wyfom; (30) ½Sdaom ausmif;wGif wyfMuyf (3) a,muf? wyfMuyfBuD; (2)a,muf?<br />

wyfMuyfrSL; (1) a,muf (þae&mwGif wyfMuyfrSL;onf vufaxmufAdkvf&mxl;udk ,lEkdifonf/) Adkvfuav;wa,muf<br />

½Sdayrnf/ wyfom; (50) ½Sdaom ausmif;wGif wyfMuyf (5) a,muf? wyfMuyfBuD; (3) a,muf? wyfMuyfrSL; (2)<br />

a,muf vufaxmufAdkvfwa,muf? Adkvfuav; wa,muf½Sdrnf/ wyfom; (45) ½Sdaom ausmif;wGif tMuyf (4)<br />

a,muf? odkYr[kwf (5)a,muf? wyfMuyfBuD; (3) a,muf? wyfMuyfrSL; (2) a,muf½Sdrnf/ vufaxmufAdkvfwa,muf?<br />

Adkvfuav; wa,muf½Sdrnf/ wNrdKUvHk;½Sd wyfom;rsm;udk tkyfcsKyf&ef wyftkyfAkdvfwOD; ½Sd&rnf/ Adkvfuav; (3) OD;udk<br />

ausmif;toD;oD;½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;wdkYu wifajr§mufí wyftkyfAdkvfudk NrdKUvHk;qkdif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>u wifajr§muf&rnf/ Adkvf<br />

uav;rsm;onf wyftkyfAdkvf\ MoZmtmPmudk emcH&rnf/<br />

(*) AdkvfrSL;<br />

AdkvfrSL;rSm wyftkyfAdkvfrsm;tay:wGif tkyfcsKyfolt&m½Sdjzpfonf/ ol\wm0efrSm ol\ vufatmuf wGif ½Sdaom<br />

wyftm;vHk;wdkY\ wdk;wuf&m wkd;wufaMumif;udk pDrHcefYcGJenf; vrf;ñTefjy&rnf/ e,fvHk;qkdif&m oHrPdt&m½Sdyif<br />

jzpfonf/ AdkvfrSL;udk rnfonhf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS rwifajr§muf&/ oHrPdtzGJUcsKyfuom wkduf½dkuf cefYxm;rnf/<br />

9/ oHrPdwyfcGJyHk<br />

40960 - wyfrawmf<br />

10240 - wyfaygif;csKyf<br />

2560 - wyfaygif;pk<br />

640 - wyfaygif;<br />

160 - wyfzGJU<br />

40 - wyf<br />

10 - 10 - 10 - 10 - wyfpdwf<br />

10/ wyfpdwfudk oHrPdwyfMuyf tkyfcsKyfrnf/ wyfudk Adkvfuav; tkyfcsKyfrnf/ wyfzGJU wyftkyfAdkvf? wyfaygif;<br />

AdkvfrSL;? wyfaygif;pk twdkifyifcHAdkvf? wyfaygif;csKyf wyfrawmfAdkvfcsKyfwdkY toD;oD; tkyfcsKyfMurnf/<br />

11/ oHrPdtrdefUay;jcif;rsm;/ / trdefYtrSwf (1) rS qufí trdefhtrSwf (23-24) wdkY\ xyfrH½Sif;vif;csuf/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(23) oGm;vsuf nm - - vSnfU<br />

þtrdefYudk b,fajc ajrtuswGif oHrPd[k owday;pum;udk qifhvkduf&rnf/ aemufwBudrf b,fajc<br />

ajrtuswGif (nm) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ aemufwzef b,fajcajrtuswGif (vSnfh) [k jywfom;yDopGm ay;&rnf/<br />

xdkYaemuf nmajca½SUodkY wvSrf;vSrf;? aemufb,fajc a½SUwvSrf;wuf/ þtcg b,fajca½SU-nmajcaemuf jzpfae<br />

vdrfhrnf/ xdkrS vlwudk,fvHk; nmbufodkU vSnfhí nmajcESifh pvSrf;cg qufvuf avQmufoGm;&rnf/ trdef Yay;NyD;aemuf<br />

qufvufí vSrf;jcif;rSm t½Sdefowfjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

(24) oGm;vsuf b,f - - vSnfU<br />

þtrdefYudk nmvSnfh trdefYay;ouJhodkY oHrPd (b,fajc) b,f -(b,fajc) vSnfh/ (b,fajc)? trdefUay;<br />

&rnf/ vSnfh[k trdefYay;NyD;aemuf nmajcESifh t½Sdefowf? xdktcg nmajca½SU-b,fajcaemuf taetxm; ½Sdvdrfhrnf/<br />

xdkYaemuf vlwudk,fvHk;udk b,fbufodkY vSnfhvdkufNyD;vQif b,fajcESifhpí vSrf;&rnf/<br />

(25) oGm;vsuf aemuf - - vSnfU<br />

aemufvSnfhwkdif; nmbufrS vSnfh&rnf/ oHrPd (b,fajc)? aemuf (b,fajc)? vSnfh (b,fajc)/ xkdUaemuf<br />

nmajcudk a½SUwvSrf;wkd;í t½Sdefowf/ b,fajcudk nmajc\ a½SUüuyfí uefYvefYcs? ¤if;aemuf nmajcESifh aygufí<br />

aemufvSnfh/ b,fajcwcsufaygufí vHk;0aemufvSnfh nmajcESifh vSrf;íxGuf&rnf/<br />

(26) tav;jyK<br />

tav;jyKtrdefYudk rjyKvkyfrD wyfwzGJUvHk;onf (owd) taetxm;ü ½Sdap&rnf/ oHrPdtav;jyK trdefYay;<br />

aomtcg vufoD;qkyfvsuf nmbufvufudk wHawmifqpfrS txufodkYcsKd;? vufarmif;udk udk,f\ab;ü uyfxm;?<br />

vufoD;qkyfudk a½SUodkYvSnfh? aemufvufarmif; wckvHk;udk rsufvHk;\ab;wGif wef;wef; txufodkYajr§muf&rnf/<br />

vufoD;qkyfudk a½SUbufudkom vSnfhxm;&rnf/ vufudk xkwfaomtcgüvnf; vufarmif;udk a½S;enf;wl wHawmifcsKd;<br />

NyD;rS atmufodkYcs&rnf/ vufudktay:odkY ajr§mufxm;onfhtcgwGif ESpfpuúefYrQ Mumap&rnf/<br />

(27) NyD; - - ap<br />

trdefYay;rnf½Sdaomtcg wyfwckvHk;onf a½SUwef;? aemufwef; ESpfwef;om ½Sdap&rnf/ Adkvfvkyfolu oHrPd<br />

NyD;ap[k trdefYay;vQif wyfom;tm;vHk;onf nmbufodkY vSnfh&rnf/ xdkYaemuf Adkvfvkyfoludk xHk;pHtwkdif; tav;jyKí<br />

NidrfoufpGm xGufcGmoGm;&rnf/ wyfom;rsm; t½dktaoay;aomtcg Adkvfvkyfoluvnf; jyefí t½dktaoay;&rnf/<br />

(28) nmujyif<br />

þtrdefYonf oifcgp wyfrsm;ESifh 0ifcgp wyfom;rsm;tzdkY jzpfonf/ vkyfaqmif&mü nmun§drSmuJhodkY<br />

jyKvkyf&rnf/ odkYaomf þtrdefUrSm avhusifhcef; wckckudk jyKvkyfaqmif½GufNyD;onfh tcgü? twef;ESifh rnDnm jzpfae<br />

aomaMumifh? twef;n§d&efcdkif;aom trdefYwnf;/ wwfuRrf;NyD;aom wyfESifh wyfom;wdkYrSm þtrdefYudk Adkvfu ray;<br />

&bJvsuf wyfom;rsm;udk,fwkdif avhusifhcef;wckckudk vkyfNyD;u jyifMun§dMu&rnf/<br />

(29) ajcvSrf;jyif<br />

vrf;oGm;&if; ajcvSrf;rSm;aecJhygu a½SUajczaemifhudk aemufajczsm;ESifh xdí a½SUajcudkyif qufvSrf;&rnf/<br />

odkYr[kwf vSrf;vsuf½Sdaom taetxm;twdkif; (pHk) ckefí a½SUodkY wdk;Ekdifonf/ Oyrm ajcvSrf;rSm;aeolonf oGm;aepOf<br />

a½SUajc? nmaemufajc buf½Sdaeonf xm;MupdkY/ ¤if;ol ajcvSrf;jyifcsifygu aemufajcjzpfaom b,fudk qufí<br />

rvSrf;bJESifh ½Sd&if;taetxm;twkdif; (pHk) ckefvdkufcg ckefwdk;wdk; vdkuf&rnf/ tcsdefrSwfaomtcgü rSm;aeaom ajc<br />

wbufudk ajrmufcsnf-cscsnf ESpfBudrfwkdifwkdif jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

(30) nm - apmif; (odkhr[kwf) b,f - apmif;<br />

(twef;vkdufoGm;vsuf) ¤if;trdefYudk ay;vkdufaomtcg wyfom;rsm;onf b,f (odkYr[kwf) nmodkYapmif;í<br />

(w0ufvSnfhí) avQmufoGm;&rnf/ a'gifhwef;avQmufjcif;yifwnf;/ wyfom;rsm;onf twef;rysufatmif owdjyKí<br />

281

282<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

avQmufMu&rnf/ avQmufaomtcgü rdrd\ a½SUem;usaomvl\ ausmv,fESifh rdrdykcHk; (b,fapmif;u b,fykcHk;?<br />

nmapmif;u nmykcHk;)ESifh wef;atmifxm;í rsufESmrl&modkY wef;wef;rwfrwf avQmuf&rnf/<br />

(31) twGJvkduf b,f (odkhr[kwf) nmapmif;<br />

þtrdefYrSm txufavhusifhcef;uJhodkYyif av;a,mufwGJ (odkYr[kwf) oHk;a,mufwGJ (odkYr[kwf) ESpfa,muf<br />

wGJí twGJvdkuf? apmif;cg a'gihfwef; avQmufapjcif;aywnf;/<br />

12/ ,ckvtwGuf ppfa&;jytpDtpOf<br />

,ck wvvHk;twGuf wyfom;rsm;tm; ppfa&;jyo&ef avhusifhcef;rsm;rSm (trdefYtrSwf - 1 ESifh ,ckv<br />

oHrPd xkwfjyefcsuf - 2) ESpfckaygif;wGif (27) rsKd;½Sdonf/ teuf (27) rsKd;vHk;udkyif avhusifhMuap&rnf/ xdkodkYavhusifh<br />

Muap&mwGif tcsdefudk uefYowfí tvkyfvkyfMuapvkdonfhtwkdif; atmufwGif tcsdefpm&if;ESifh tvkyfudkwGJí jyxm;ay<br />

onf/ ,ckvwvvHk;udk &ufowåav;ywfcGJí jyxm;onf/ ppfa&;jyvQif tenf;qHk; wem&DMumap&rnf/ xdkwem&D<br />

udkvnf; (3) ydkif; ydkif;í yxr (10) rdepf/ 'kwd, (40) rdepf/ wwd, (10) rdepf cGJjcm;xm;onf/<br />

yxrtywfwGif oifMum;&efrSm trdefYtrSwf (1) owdrS pí trdefY trSwf (16) nmapmif; txdwkdYudk<br />

aocsmpGm wwfajrmufatmif jyKvkyfoifMum; Murnf/ ppfa&;jyowkdif; yxr (10) rdepfwGif wwyfvHk;udk Adkvfudk,fwkdif<br />

,cifu oifMum;jyo NyD;pD;cJhonfwkdYudk jyefvnfjyoap&rnf/ 'kwd, (40) rdepfwGif wyfudk wyfpdwfrsm; cGJvkduf<br />

yg/ qkdif&m wyfMuyfrSL;? vufaxmufAdkvfwdkYtm; ppfa&;jyoap&ef wm0efvTJtyfay;&rnf/ wwd, (10) rdepfwGif<br />

wwyfvHk;udk Adkvfudk,fwkdifBuD;Muyfí xdkaeY jyoNyD;orQ avhusifhcef;rsm;udk jyefvSef jyoap&rnf/ (yxrqHk;upí<br />

ppfa&;jy&aom ppfwyfrsm; tzkdYrSm? yxr (10) rdepf Adkvfu ppfa&;jyrnfhtpm;? wyftaMumif;udk ½Sif;vif;ajym&rnf/<br />

'kwd,tywfwGif trdefYeHygwfpOf (17) tcsdefrSpí trdefYeHygwfpOf (22) avQmufvsuf b,fauGU- nmauGU<br />

txdwdkYudk aocsmpGm wwfajrmufatmif avhusifhay;&rnf/ ppfa&;jyonfhtcsdefESifh wyfrsm;udk avhusifhay;ap&ef<br />

txufenf;twkdif; pDpOf&rnf/<br />

wwd,tywfwGif trdefUtrSwf (23) oGm;vsuf b,fvSnfh-nmvSnfhrSpí trdefYeHygwfpOf (25) oGm;vsuf<br />

aemufvSnfhtxdwdkYudk txufenf;twkdif; cGJjcm;a0zefí oifMum;&rnf/<br />

pwkw¬tywfwGif useftrdefYrsm;udk ukefpifatmif txufenf;twkdif; cGJjcm;a0zefí oifMum;&rnf/<br />

13/ ppfa&;jywm0efrsm;<br />

Adkvfuav;- wyfMuyfrSL;rsm;ESifh vufaxmufAdkvfwkdY wyfpkrsm;udk ppfa&;jyaepOf oGm;a&mufMunfh½I&rnf/<br />

(u) wyfom;rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkudk owdjyK&rnf/<br />

(c) wyfMuyfrSL;rsm;ESifh vufaxmufAdkvfwkdY ppfa&;tjyrSm;aevQif? 0ifa&mufjyifqifjyo trdefYay;&rnf/<br />

(*) wyfom;rsm;\ trnfpm&if;udk ppfa&;jyolwkdif; *½kjyKí pm&if;,l rSwfom;ap&rnf/<br />

wyfMuyfrSL;ESif U vufaxmufAdkvf- olwdkYonf Adkvfuav; wwyfvHk;udk ppfa&;jycdkufwGif? wyfMuyfrsm;? wyfMuyf BuD;rsm;<br />

wkdY\ wm0efudk vHk;0aqmif½Guf&rnf/ wyfMuyf? wyfMuyfBuD;wdkYrSm Adkvfuav;ppfa&;jyckduf wyfom;rsm;ESifh a&maESmum<br />

ppfa&;jyo Mu&rnf/<br />

wyfMuyfESifU wyfMuyfBuD;- ¤if;wdkYrSm trdefYay;ol wyfMuyfrSL; (odkYr[kwf) vufaxmufAdkvfwdkY ppfa&;jypOfwGif?<br />

wyfom; ydkrdkem;½Sif;apjcif;iSm trdefYrsm;udk yxrvkyfudkif aqmif½Gufí jyMu&rnf/ wzef wyfom;rsm; ppfa&;jyaom<br />

tcgü trSm;awGUvQif wa,mufpDudk vkdufvHjyifqifay;&rnf/<br />

ta&;awmfyHkatmifygap/<br />

(4? 12? 39)

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(!) jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;\ umuG,fa&;oHrPdtzGJU<br />

xkwfjyefcsuftrSwf (3)<br />

(1) oHrPdausmif;om;rsm;\ ppfwyfjzpfonfhtm;avQmfpGm ppfa&;ppfrIESifh ywfouforQ toHk;taqmif t&m0w¦K<br />

wkdYudk wwfEkdiforQ tpGrf;ukefjynfhpHkatmif pkaqmif;xm;½SdEkdif&ef vdktyfonfhtwkdif; Adkvfvkyfolrsm;u BudK;pm;Mu&rnf/<br />

oHrPdwyfrsm;wGif ppfrIppfa&;ESifh ywfoufí em;&nf0aeolESifh wwfuRrf;ol (Specilalist) rsm; ½SdMuap&rnf/<br />

oHrPdwyfwdkif;wGif taxmuf (uif;axmufWar<br />

Scouts) twwfudk aumif;pGmwwfuRrf;atmif avhvmolrsm;vnf;<br />

vdkayonf/ ajryHkqGJtwwf? awmckwfcsKHwkd;? wHwm;aqmuf? ajruwkwfwl;qGjcif; twwfwdkYudkvnf; wwfEkdifvQif<br />

avhvmMu&ef vdkayonf/ ppfwyfwwyfvQif txufygwyfom;rsKd;rsm;u wwyfwzGJU? "g;ckwf? vSHxkd;? tajr§muf?<br />

aoewfudkifwG,fí wu,fowfjzwf&ol ppfom;rsKd;uwrsKd; ½SdMupjrJjzpfonf/ wyfrsm;udk tkyfcsKyfol Adkvfrsm;rSmrl<br />

xdktwwftm;vHk;udk tenf;ESifhtrsm; wwfEkdifvQif tpGrf;ukefwwfajrmuf&ef vdkay&m XmecsKyfrS Armjynft&yf&yf½Sd<br />

Adkvfrsm;twGuf oHrPdoifwef;rsm;udk ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif;ü zGifhvSpfEkdif&ef BudK;pm;aeaMumif;? oHrPdvufpGJ<br />

pmtkyfudkvnf; rMumrDxGufEdkifatmif BudK;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/<br />

(2) e,f½Sd oHrPdwyfcGJrsm; rnfodkYrnfyHk c&D;a&mufaeonfudk XmecsKyfrS taotcsm rod&/ owif;pmrsm;wGif<br />

awGU&oavmufESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;xHrS <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyfxHodkY ydkYpmrsm;wGif Mum;n§yfí pmESpfaMumif;? oHk;aMumif;<br />

avmuf a&;vkdufMuorQudkom od&onf/ wyfcGJrsm;rS ay;ydkYpmrsm; xifoavmuf ra&muf½Sdacs/ þtwkdif; c&D;oGm;í<br />

rjzpfacs? tpOftjrJvdkvdk tquftoG,f½SdaerSom vkyfaqmifí jzpfajrmufEkdifrnf/ oHrPdwm0efcHrsm;onf rdrdwdkYa'o½Sd<br />

oHrPdwyf toD;oD;wdkY\-<br />

(u) wnfaxmif&mwGif tcuftcJ<br />

(c) wyfom;OD;a&<br />

(*) ppfa&;jyonf? rjyonf ponfwdkYudk tjrefqHk; tpD&ifcHMuapvdkonf/ oHrPdwyf rwnfaxmif&ao;<br />

aom <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;rSmvnf; wnfaxmifEkdif&ef tjref BudK;pm;oifhMuayonf/<br />

(3) oHrPdppfa&;jy trdefYrsm;wGif vkdufemvkyfaqmif&ef tcuftcJawGUu XmecsKyfodkY csufjcif; taMumif;Mum;<br />

&ef rarhESifh/ tMuHÓPfay;oifhvQifvnf; vufraES;bJay;ydkYu wwkdif;jynfvHk;twGuf tusdK;jzpfonf/ oHrPdwyfrsm;<br />

wnfaxmif&jcif;\ taMumif;udkvnf; oifwkdY odNyD;jzpfonf/<br />

(4) ppfa&;jytrdefhrsm;<br />

(trSwf - 31 rS tquf)<br />

(32) nm - - ESpfcg - - auGY<br />

þtrdefYudk oHrPdwyf ppfcsDwufaepOf ay;&efjzpfonf/ þtrdefYudk (b,fauGU) (nmauGU) rSm uJhodkYyif<br />

ay;&rnf/ Adkvfvkyfol trdefYay;vQif wyfom;rsm;onf yxrnmbufodkY wBudrfauGUvkdufí aemufwBudrf xyfrHum<br />

nmbufodkY auGUum qufvufí ppfcsDMu&rnf/ ppfa&;jytrdefY (25) rSmuJhodkY avQmufvmcJhaomvrf;rSmyif xyfrHí<br />

aemufjyefvSnfhum avQmufjcif;r[kwfbJ wyfwwyfvHk;auGUí aemufodkYjyefavQmufjcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm wyfom;<br />

(10) a,muf? trSwf (1) rS (10) txd/ a½SUaemuftpOfvdkuf avQmufvmonf qkdMuygpdkY? ppfa&;jytrdefY (25)<br />

twkdif;qdkvQif? trSwf (1) onf yxrwGif a½SUacgif;aqmifí avQmufvmaomfvnf; jyefvSnfhonfhtcg trSwf<br />

(10) wyfom;onf acgif;aqmifí avQmuf&onf/ þtrdefYtrSwf (23) rSm a½SUqHk;rS acgif;aqmif csDwufvmolonf<br />

aemufqHk;odkY a&mufroGm;bJ a½SUqHk;uyif qufvufcsDwuf&ef jzpfonf/<br />

yHkudkMunfUav-<br />

15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1<br />

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15<br />

nmESpfcgauGU jyefavQmuf&mü yxrvmcJhaom vrf;\ nmbufem;rSyif uyfíjyefavQmufMu&rnf/<br />

283

284<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(33) b,f - - ESpfcg - - auGY<br />

nmESpfcgauGUrSm uJhodkYyif acgif;aqmifí avQmufoludk<br />

a½SUqHk;rSxm;í aemufrS wyfom;rsm;onfvnf; acgif;aqmif<br />

wyfom;auGUonfh ae&modkYa&mufrS auGUMuum csDwufcJhonfh<br />

vrf;\ b,fbufem;rS uyfí vmcJhaom c&D;udk jyefvSnfhjcif;<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

ppfa&;jytrdefh - 32? 33 o½kyfjyyHk<br />

(34) nmodkh (odkhr[kwf) b,fodkh av;a,mufpkvsufav;a,muf<br />

- wGJ? ESpfa,muf - wGJ (&yfvsuf)<br />

þtrdefYudk wyfom;rsm; &yfwefYaepOf ay;&rnf/ ppfa&;jy&ef pvkdufonfESifh wyfom;rsm;onf (2) wef;<br />

pDcJhNyD; jzpfvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaemuf a½SUwef; (1-2-3-4-5) tp½Sdojzifh a&&rnf/ aemufwef; wyfom;rsm; trSwfa&&ef<br />

rvkd/ aemufwef;wyfom;rsm;rSm rdrdwdkY a½SUwnfhwnfh wyfom;rsm;\ trSwfudkom rSwfxm;&rnf/ av;a,muf<br />

wGJ[k trdefYay;vdkufvQif a½SUwef;? aemufwef; pHktrSwf (2-4-6-8) ponfjzifh wyfom;rsm;onf aemufodk Y ajcwvSrf;<br />

(vufr-30) b,fajcESifh vSrf;vkdufNyD;vQif nmbufodkY nmajcESifh ajcwvSrf; (vufr-24) vSrf;vkduf&rnf/ xdk<br />

tcg wyfom; twef;ESpfwef;onf av;a,mufwGJpD av;wef;jzpfoGm;í pHk-trSwf wyfom;rsm;onf r-trSwf<br />

wyfom;rsm;\ aemufwnfhwnfhwGif ½SdMuvdrfhrnf/ b,fbuftpGefqHk; wyfom;wdkUonf (r) trSwfjzpfap? (pHk) trSwf<br />

jzpfap? av;a,mufwGJMu&rnf/ b,fbuftpGefqHk;ESifh 'kwd,wyfom;rsm;rSm rnfonfhtcgrQ rwGJ&/<br />

(u) tu,fí wyfom; (16) a,muf twGJ (7) wGJ½Sdonf qdkMuygpdkh<br />

xdktcgwGif av;a,mufwGJ wGJ&ef vG,fvG,fESifh jzpfvdrfhrnf/ tu,fí wyfom; (18) a,muf twGJ (9)<br />

wGJ ½SdaevQif? aemufqHk; (b,fbufqHk;) wyfom;rsm;rSm (r) trSwf jzpfaeaomfvnf; rdrdwdkYnmbuf (pHk) trSwf<br />

wyfom;rsm;ESifh wGJMu&rnf/ aemufqHk; wyfom;rsm;\ nmbuf pHktrSwftom;rsm;rSm rvIyf½Sm;&/ xkdtcgwGif<br />

aemufqHk;wyfom;rsm;ESifh wwGJausmf (r) trSwf wyfom;rsm;rSm ESpfa,mufwnf; ½Sdaevdrfhrnf/ xkdwyfom; ESpfa,muf<br />

teuf aemufwef; wyfom;rSm aemufokdYwvSrf; qkwfvkduf&rnf/<br />

(c) twGJpHk- aemufvyfESifU<br />

rSwfcsuf- aemufvyfqkdonfrSm twef;pD&mwGif a½SUwef;ESifh aemufwef; vlrnDrQí Oyrm - a½SUwef; (8) a,muf?<br />

aemufwef; (7) a,mufjzpfaevQif? a½SUwef;ESifh aemufwef; tuGufaphatmif aemufwef; b,ftpGefqHk;rS aeía&<br />

aomf - wwd,ajrmufae&mudk ae&mvyfxm;&rnf/ xdkae&mvyfudk aemufvyf[k ac:onf/<br />

(ppfa&;jy trdefh (7) udk jyefMunfUav)<br />

av;a,mufwGJ[k trdefYay;aomtcg aemufvyf\ nmbufuyfvsuf½Sdaom wyfom;onf aemufodkY<br />

wvSrf; vSrf;ay;&rnf/<br />

(*) twGJr - aemufvyfESifU<br />

av;a,mufwGJ[k trdefYay;aomtcg? aemufvyfae&mudk csefvSyfí tjcm;twGJrsm;rSm - wGJjrJ wGJoGm;<br />

Mu&rnf/ xdktcg aemufvyftwGJrSm - wa,mufwnf;om ½Sdaevdrfhrnf/<br />

(C) a½SYwef;aemufü ½SdaevQif (Oyrm-Adkvfvkyfol wyfom;rsm;tm; aemufvSnfU[k trdefhay;aomtcg)<br />

aemufvyfae&monf a½SUwef;odkY a&mufaevdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf a½SUwef;wGif rnfonfhtcgrQ ae&mvyf<br />

r½Sdap&/ odkYaMumifh aemufwef;rS a½SUae&mvyfESifh wnfhwnfhwyfom;onf a½SUwef;odkY wuf&vdrfhrnf/ xdkYaemuf<br />

av;a,muf wGJ&mwGif (pHk) trSwftom;rsm;onf nmajcESifh a½SUodkU wvSrf;wufí? b,fajcESifh b,fbufodkU wvSrf;vSrf;<br />

vdkuf&rnf/ tu,fí a½SUwef;? aemufwef; vltjynfh-twGJ rjzpfvQif? ,cifu aemufodkYqkwf&aom wyfom;onf<br />

,cktcg a½SUodkYwuf&rnf/ (ppfa&;jytrdefh (34-u) udk MunfUav) wzufpmrsufESmrS yHkrsm;ESifUwJGzufMunfUyg-

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

trdefh (34) wJGNyD;yHk<br />

trdefh (34-u) twJGpHk - vlpdpDxm;yHk wJGNyD;yHk<br />

trdefh (34-c) twJGr - vlpdpDxm;yHk wJGNyD;yHk<br />

trdefh (34-*) twJGpHk - aemufvyfESifU pDxm;yHk wJGNyD;yHk<br />

trdefh (34-C) a½SYwef;aemufü ½Sdvl<br />

285

286<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(35) ESpfa,muf - - wGJ<br />

(u) av;a,mufwGJpOf cGJíwufMu&aom wyfom;rsm;onf udk,fhae&modkY udk,fjyefa&mufatmif b,fajcESifh<br />

b,fodkYvSrf; nmajcESifh a½SUodkYwufMu&rnf/ (ppfa&;jytrdefh (34-u) udk MunfUav)<br />

(c) aemufwef;onf a½SUü½Sdrl - av;a,mufwGJpOfu cGJxGuf&aom wyfom;rsm;onf? nmajcESifh nmodkY<br />

vSrf;í b,fajcESifh udk,fhae&modkY udk,fjyef0ifMu&rnf/<br />

(*) aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwf&mom wyfom;rsm;rSm a½SUodkYwvSrf;wufí a½SUodkY wvSrf;wuf&aom wyfom;<br />

rsm;rSm aemufodkY wvSrf;qkwf&rnf/<br />

(36) b,f (odkhr[kwf) nm<br />

ppfa&;jytrdefY (34) udk jyKvkyfNyD;aomtcg? Adkvfvkyfolu b,f (odkYr[kwf) nm [k qdkvdkufvQif Adkvft<br />

rdefYay;&mbufodkY wyfom;tm;vHk; vSnfhvkduf&rnf/ xdkYaemuf (csD - - wuf) [k trdefYxyfrHay;vdkufvQif a½SUodkYcsDwuf<br />

Mu&rnf/<br />

(37) b,f (odkhr[kwf) nm -- vSnfU<br />

,cktrdefYrSm b,fodkYvnf;aumif;? nmodkYvnf;aumif; vSnfh&efay;aom ½kd;½dk;trdefYrsKd; r[kwf/ ppfa&;jy<br />

trdefY (36) udk ay;NyD;aomtcg? Oyrm (b,f) [k Adkvfvkyfolu nmvSnfh[kqdkvQif nmbufodkY vSnhf½Hkomru?<br />

trSwf (35) twdkif; udk,hfae&modkYudk,f jyef0ifMuum? (2)a,muf wGJMu&rnf/ Oyrm- AdkvfrS (nm)[k trdefYay;í<br />

b,fodkY trdefYay;í - b,fokdY jyefvSnfhapvdkvQif Adkvfvkyfolu (av;a,mufpkvsuf - nm -- vSnfh) [k trdefY<br />

ay;&rnf/<br />

(38) (2 - a,mufwGJpD ae&mrS) 4 - a,mufwGJ<br />

(u) xdktcg (pHk) trSwf wyfom;rsmonf nmbufodkY wvSrf;vSrf;vkdufí b,fESifh a½SUodkY wvSrf;wuf<br />

Mu&rnf/ Oyrm- twGJ (1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6) ½Sdí? twGJ (1) onf a½SUqHk;rS a½SUodkU rsufESmrlaevQif? xdktwGJ\aemufwGif<br />

½Sdaom (2? 4? 6) ponfh pHktrSwfwGJrsm;onf txufyg enf;twkdif; av;a,mufwGJMu&rnf/<br />

(c) tu,fí (6) trSwfwGJonf a½SUqHk;rS a½SUodkYrsufESmrlí (5? 3? 1) trSwfwGJrsm;onf b,fajcESifh bufbuf<br />

odkY vSrf;í nmajcESifh aemufodkY av;a,mufwGJrdatmif qkwfMu&rnf/<br />

trdefh (38-u)<br />

6 5 4 3 2 1<br />

trdefh (38-c)<br />

6 5 4 3 2 1<br />

1<br />

3<br />

2<br />

2<br />

1<br />

3

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(*) ,cifu ppfa&;jytrdefYrsm;t& - a½SUwkd;? aemufqkwf vkyfMu&aom wyfom;rsm;onf ,cktcg ab;odkY<br />

wvSrf;xGufjcif;? 0ifjcif;udkom jyKvkyfMu&rnf/<br />

(39) (tcsdefrSwfpOf) av;a,mufwGJ<br />

þtrdefYudk trdefYtrSwf (35) twkdif; trdefYay;&rnf/ (nmodkY av;a,mufpkvsuf - av;a,mufwGJ)<br />

wyfom;rsm;onf tcsdefrSwfaeMuvdrfhrnf/ b,fajcajrtuswGif yxrtrdefYudk ay;í? 'kwd,trdefY (av;a,muf)udk<br />

b,fajcajrtuswGif xyfrHay;um? aemufwBudrf b,fajcajrtuswGif (wGJ) udk ay;&rnf/ xkdtcg (pHk) trSwf<br />

wyfom;rsm;onf wGJ[k Adkvfu trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf nmajcudk ajrodkYjyefcsí b,fajcESifh aemufodkY<br />

qkwfvkdufum nmajcESifh nmbufodkY vSrf;vdkuf&rnf/ nmajcvSrf;NyD;vQif &yfwefYí rae&/ qufvufí tcsdefrSwf<br />

aeMu&rnf/ (b,fodkY av;a,muf pkvsuf av;a,mufwGJ) [k qdkvQif? nmwGifpí trdefYay;NyD;vQif wyfom;rsm;onf<br />

vnf; nmbuf ajcrSpí vSrf;Mu&rnf/<br />

(40) (tcsdefrSwfvsuf) 2 a,mufwGJ<br />

tcsdefrSwfae&mrS - b,fajcajrtuswGif (2a,muf) [k trdefYay;í aemufwBudrf b,fajcajrtuswGif<br />

(wGJ) [k ay;&rnf/ wyfom;rsm;onf yxrb,fajcESifh b,fbufodkY vSrf;vdkufí aemufwBudrf b,fajcajrtuswGif<br />

(wGJ) [k ay;&rnf/ wyfom;rsm;onf yxrb,fajcESifh b,fbufodkY vSrf;vdkufí nmajcESifh a½SUodkYwufMu&onf/<br />

(41) (oGm;vsuf) 4- a,mufwGJ<br />

trdefYudk b,fajcajrtuswGifom ay;&rnf/ (wGJ) [k trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf (r)wyfom;wkdYonf<br />

nmajcESifh udk,ft½Sdef owfvkdufí ESpfBudrftcsdefrSwfNyD;vQif qufícsDwufMu&rnf/ (r) wyfom;wkdY tcsdefrSwfaeckduf<br />

(pHk) wyfom;rsm;onf txufygenf;rsm;twkdif; av;a,mufwGJMuí qufvuf csDwufMu&rnf/ xdktcg (r)wyfom;<br />

rsm;ESifh (pHk) wyfom;rsm;onf ajcvSrf;wnDwñGwf jzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf/<br />

(42) (oGm;vsuf) 2 a,mufwGJ<br />

trdefYudk b,fajcajrtuswGifay;í vkdufemonfh wyfom;rsm;onfvnf; txufygenf;rsm;twdkif; udk,fh<br />

ae&modkY udk,fjyef0ifMu&rnf/ b,fbufwyfom;rsm;onftcsdefESpfcg rSwfMu&rnf/<br />

(43) (&yfvsuf) nmodkh twef;jyK<br />

twef;jyK[k AdkvfutrdefYay;vQif a½SUwef;? nmbufqHk; wyfom;rsm;onf nmbufodkY vSnfhaeí? a½SUwef;<br />

usefwyfom;rsm;onf trdef YtrSwf (15) rSmuJhodk Y nmodkY apmif;vkdufMu&rnf/ xdkUaemuf Adkvfvkyfolu tjref avQmuf[k<br />

trdefYay;&onf/ xdktcg a½SUwef;? nmbufqHk; nmodk YvSnfhxm;onfh wyfom;rsm;onf a½SUodkY ESpfvSrf; csDwufNyD;vQif<br />

&yfwefYae&rnf/ twef;wckvHk;onf twef;pDrysufapbJ? nmbufqHk; wyfom;&yfae&mESifh &ifaygifwef;pDrDatmif<br />

csDwufNyD;vQif &yfwef YMu&rnf/ aemufwef; nmbufqHk;wyfom;onf a½SUodk Y ESpfvSrf;wufí a½SUwef;nmbuf wyfom;<br />

\ rlvae&mudk ,lNyD;vQif nmbufodk Y vSnfhum &yfwef Yae&rnf/ usefwyfom;rsm;rSm a½SUwef;ESifh wygwnf; tpDtwef;<br />

rysufapbJ? nmbufqHk;wyfom;ESihf &ifaygifwef;rdatmif csDwuf&yfwefYMu&rnf/ b,fodkY twef;jyKvnf; txuf<br />

enf;twkdif; jyKvkyfMu&rnf/<br />

(yHkudk MunfUav)<br />

(44) (oGm;vsuf) twef;jyK<br />

txufenf;twkdif;yif tvHk;pHk jyKvkyfMu&rnf/ odkYaomf nmbufqHk; wyfom;rsm;rSm ae&mopfodkY a&mufvQif<br />

&yfraebJ tcsdefrSwfaeí b,fbufrS wyfom;rsm;udk apmifhqkdif;Mu&rnf/ b,fbuf wyfom;rsm;vnf; nmbufqHk;<br />

wyfom;rsm;ESifh &ifaygifwef;rdvQif tcsdefrSwfaeMu&rnf/ Adkvfvkyfolu csDwuf&ef trdefYay;rS qufvuf csDwuf<br />

Mu&rnf/ nmodk Y twef;jyKvdkvQif nmajcajrtuswGif trdef Yay;í b,fodk Ytwef;jyKvdkvQif b,fajcajrtuswGif trddefY<br />

ay;Mu&rnf/<br />

287

288<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(45) (twGJrS) nmodkh - twef;jyK<br />

nmbuftwef;onf a½SUqHk;wyfom;rSty usefwyfom;rsm; nmodkYapmif;? b,fbuftwef; nmvSnhf?<br />

tjrefavQmuf[k trdefYay;u? nmbufwef; a½SUqHk;wyfom;rsm;onf a½SUokdY ESpfvSrf;wuf? usefwyfom;rsm;onf<br />

a½SUqHk;wyfom;ESifh &ifaygifwef;rdatmif csDwufMu&rnf/<br />

b,fodkY twef;jyKvkduvnf; b,fbuftwef;onf b,fodkYapmif;í nmbuftwef;onf b,fvSnfh<br />

NyD;vQif a½S;enf;twdkif; qufvufvkyfudkifMu&rnf/ (yHkudk MunfUav)<br />

trdefh (45) twJGrS nmodkh twef;jyKyHk<br />

a½SY (2) vSrf;<br />

a½SYwef;nmapmif;xm;yHk<br />

nmbufodkh twef;jyKNyD;yHk<br />

trdefh (43) &yfvsuf nmodkh twef;jyKyHk<br />

rlvtwef;rsm;<br />

rlv (2) a,mufwJG ½SdyHk<br />

a½SYwef;nmapmif;xm;yHk (rlvtwef;)<br />

nmbufodkh twef;jyKNyD;yHk<br />

a½SY (2) vSrf;

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(46) tcrf;tem;pDjcif;<br />

tcrf;tem;pDjcif; qkdonfrSm t*Fvdyfvdk (Ceremonial Prade) [k ac:onf/ wyfom;tm;vHk;udk twef;<br />

wwef;wnf; jzpfatmif yxrpDvkduf&rnf/ xdktcg tedrfhqHk;wyfom;rsm;rSm b,fbufqHk;wGif ½Sdapí t&yftjrifhqHk;<br />

wyfom;rsm;rSm nmbufqHk;wGif ½SdMuap&rnf/ nmrSpí tpOfvdkuf trSwfa&&rnf/ (r) trSwfwyfom;rsm;tm;<br />

a½SUodkYwvSrf;? (pHk) trSwf wyfom;rsm;tm; aemufodkYwvSrf; vSrf;&ef? (r- trSwfwyfom;rsm; a½SUwvSrf;wuf?<br />

pHk- trSwfwyfom;rsm; aemufwvSrf;qkwf - - vSrf;) (vSrf;) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ xdkYaemuf Adkvfvkyfolu (b,fnm-<br />

vSnfh) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ a½SUwef;wyfrsm;onf nmbufodkY vSnfhí aemufwef;wyfom;rsm;onf bufbufodkY<br />

vSnfhvdkufMu&rnf/ xdkYaemuf Adkvfvkyfolu (b,f-n m-vSnfh) [k trdefYay;&rnf/ (tjrefavQmuf) [k trdefYay;<br />

aomtcg? a½SUwef; nmbufqHk; wyfom;rsm;onf &yfwefYae&rnf/ usefwyfom;rsm;onf rsufESmrl&m bufodkY<br />

avQmuf/ aemufwef; wyfom;rsm;onf nmbufodkY auGUcg a½SUwef; aemufqHk;vlESifh qufrdatmif avQmufMu&rnf/<br />

xdkodkY wwef;vnf; avQmufoGm;aepOf a½SUqHk;rS wyfom;rsm;onf aejrJaeí? 'kwd,wyfom;rsm;onf yxrwyfom;<br />

\ nmbufodkU xGufí ESpfvSrf;uGmwGif &ifaygifwef; &yfwefUae&rnf/ wwd,wyfom;rsm;onf yxrwyfom;\<br />

aemufwGif &yfí? pwkw¬wyfom;rsm;onf 'kwd,wyfom;uJhokdY nmbufodkY xGufcg? 'kwd,wyfom;\ aemufwGif<br />

&yf&rnf/ xdkodkY tm;vHk;wyfom;rsm; vkyfudkifNyD;vQif wyfwckvHk;udk jcHKíMunfhygu ywåvm;yHk wnf½Sdvdrfhrnf/<br />

trdefh (45) tcrf;tem;pDjcif;<br />

(u) *Pef;wckudk vlwa,mufvdkhrSwfyg<br />

(c) r-trSwfrsm; a½SYwvSrf;wuf nmvSnfU? pHk-trSwfrsm; aemufwvSrf;qkwf b,fvSnfU<br />

(*) vlpkcJG avQmufyHk<br />

(C) avQmufNyD;pDxm;yHk<br />

289

290<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(¡) ausmif;om;rsm;umuG,fa&; - oHrPdxkwfjyefcsuf trSwf (4)<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; umuG,fa&;oHrPdwyf[laom pum;ESifhavsmfnDpGm e,frS wyfom;ESifhAdkvfwkdYonf ppfcsD<br />

ppfwwfESifh oufqkdifaomt&mwkdYudk rsm;pGmoduRrf;em;vnf&ef vkdayonf/ Adkvfvkyfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkYwwfEkdiforQ<br />

tpGrf;ukef ppftwwfudk r&ru vkdufvH½SmazG pkaqmif;Mu&rnf/ ppfwkduf&mwGif ta&;BuD;aomtcsufum; vufeuf<br />

tiftm;? vltiftm;? aiGtiftm;ESifh Adkvfrsm;\ t&nftcsif;wnf;/<br />

a&jyif? ajrjyifESifh aumif;uifrSwkdufaom wyf[k tMurf;tm;jzifh (3) pm; cGJvdkufvQif ArmjynftzkdYum;<br />

a&jyifESifh avjyifudk csefvSyfí ajrjyifwkdufaom wyfrsm;twGufom pdkif;jyif;Mu&rnf/<br />

tuG,ftumrsm;<br />

ajrjyifwkdufaom wyfwdkYtwGufum; tuG,ftumonf 'kwd,ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpf\/ wkdif;jynf wjynfwGif;ü<br />

csDwufwkdufcdkufpOf awmwGif;? awmifMum;ESifh ajrjyifrsm;wGif csDwufMu&wwfonf/ xdktcdkuftwefY &efolwkdYtem;odkY<br />

wwfEkdiforQ csOf;uyfEkdif&efum;? udk,hfwyfudk &efolrsm;tvG,fESifh rjrifEkdifatmif MuHaqmifMu&rnf/ csDwufoGm;vmqJ<br />

ESifh ausmfvGefcJhNyD;aom ae&majruGufrsm;udk aemufcH (Background) ac:&rnf/ ¤if;aemufcHESifhatmufcH\ ta&mift<br />

qif; tajctaewdkYudk aocsmpGm od½Sdxm;&rnf/ odkYod½SdrSom ¤if;aemufcHta&mifudk rdrdwkd Y wyfom;rsm;u vkdufí<br />

0wfqifEkdifonf/ aemufcHta&mifudk vkdufí 0wfqifjcif; tus Kd;um; ta&mifjcif; a&maxG;aeojzifh tvG,fwulESifh<br />

&efolrsm; rjrifEkdif? tjypfum; 0wfNyD; t0wftpm;wdkYudk rMumcP ajymif;vJ&ef cJ,Of;vS\/ odkYaomf wwfEkdiforQ<br />

wlatmif BudK;pm;&rnf/<br />

Oyrm- &efukefNrdKUESifh ywfvnf\ aemufcHESifh atmufcHwdkU ta&mifrSm atmufu jrufaygrsm;onfh tjyif<br />

opfawm xlxyfvSojzifh tpdrf;a&mifjzifh vTrf;awmh\/ xkdodkY aemufcH½Sdaom t&yftwGuf t0wfum; tpdrf;a&mif<br />

taumif;qHk;? tndKa&mif? teufa&mifESifh umuDwkdYudk 0wfqifuvnf; tvG,fESifh jrifEkdifrnfr[kwf/ ¤if;wkdYtpm;<br />

tjzL? teD? t0gwkdYudk oHk;rdrSmrl vG,fulpGm jrifEkdif,HkrQru tpdrf;wGif;üuGufí xif½Sm;pGmjrifjcif;ESifh pufuGif;<br />

jzpfjcif;wkdYrS umuG,f&ef? atmufcH aemufcHwdkYESifha&maom ta&mifudk 0wfqif&rnf/ rdrd0wfaom t0wfa&mifonf<br />

aemufcHESifh a&maecJhvQif ajrjyifudkuf (200) avmuf twGif; NidrfoufpGm arSmufae½HkrQyif &efolrsm;u jrifEkdifrnfr[kwf/<br />

(A[dkrS oifUawmfaom t0wfudk jy|mef;ay;vdrfUrnf/)<br />

tuG,ftumtjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifonfwdkYum; opfyif? jrufyifpkuav; wawmifxGmomom½Sd opfyifi,fpk?<br />

csKHykwf? pnf;½kd;wef;? opfyif&dyf (aeajymufMum;aom ae&m) opfikwfwkd? ajredrfh? ukef;jrifhrS pí? rdrdwdkY t&yfa&maeonfh<br />

ae&mudk vkdufí ÓPf½Sdovkd rsufuG,f? usnfuG,f Munfhí ,lMu&rnf/<br />

rdrduG,fumxm;aom t&m\ tultnDtm;jzifh rjrifEkdif½Hkom½Sdaom t&mudk rsufuG,f? rdrdudk &efol<br />

rjrifEkdif½kHomru &efolusnfqHrsm; rrSefatmif uG,fxm;onfh t&mudk usnfuG,f/ odkYaMumifh tumtuG,f,l&mü<br />

usnfuG,f&atmif ,lEdkifu aumif;vS\/ ,ck toHk;csaeaom ppf½kdifz,faoewfrSm 'k (5 - 6) aycefY½SdrS usnfuG,f<br />

Ekdifonf/ usnfuG,fum; udk,fwkdifwl;xm;aom ajrmif;urlwdkYrSm taumif;qHk;jzpf\/ pnf;½kd;wnf;paom csKHykwfwdkYrSm<br />

&efolrsm;u tvG,fwul rjrifEkdifaomfvnf; pdwfxifESifhyif pufaoewfESifhvSrf;í ypfvdkufu tm;vHk;pkjyHK aowwf<br />

onf/ tuG,ftum,lonfh ae&mü rnfodkY ,lrnf? rnfonfh ae&muaumif;onf[k taotcsm a&;ay;&efum;<br />

cJ,Of;vS\/ Adkvfrsm;u yifudk,fÓPfudk oHk;í ae&mtaetxm;udk MunfhNyD;vQif oifhovkd ,lMu&rnf/ OyrmurlrS<br />

aumif;onf[k a&;xm;aomfvnf; wkdufckdufaeaomtcg urlr½Sdu todkYvQif urludk tuG,ftumtjzpf<br />

toHk;jyKEkdifawmhtHhenf;/<br />

e,frS AdkvfwkdYonf rdrdwdkY\ t&yfa'oudk udk,fwkdif pdppfMunfh½Ií rnfodkYtumtuG,f,lrnf/ b,fae&mu<br />

awmh aumif;onf/ awmifwef;u b,fvkdpDwef;aeonf paom ajrjyiftajctae (Cover) wdkYudk aumif;pGm od<br />

em;vnf&rnf/ tuG,ftumtwGufrSm e,fu Adkvfrsm;ESifhwuG wyfMuyfrsm;\ ÓPfudkrsm;pGm rSDaeonf/<br />

ykef;uG,fenf;<br />

awmwGif; opfyifrsm;tMum;ü oGm;vm&pOf opfcufopf½GufwdkYudkvnf; vSnfhpm;aeaom tykef;tajc<br />

taejzifh toHk;cs&rnf/ Oyrm- awmwGif;oGm;vmaeygu opfcufrsm;udk wdk;oGm;vQif &efoltvG,fwul jrifEkdifrnf<br />

r[kwf/ xdkYjyif wawmifavmufom jrifhaom opfyifuav;rsm;udk usKd;wdk;usJwJ aygufapaom t&yfjzpfumrl?<br />

¤if;tyifrsKd;udk OD;xkyfüxkd;í arSmufaeygu tjcm;opfyifrsm;ESifh a&maxG;NyD;vQif vludkjrifEkdifrnf r[kwfay/

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tumtuG,f ,lNyD;onfhaemufü ta&;BuD;onfhtcsufum; NidrfoufpGmaeEkdifzdkY jzpf\/ NidrfoufpGmraebJ<br />

vIyf½Sm;aeygrl? &efolu ta0;rS tvG,fESifh jrifEkdifvdrfhrnf/ vIyfonfhtcgüvnf; ajz;ajz; vIyfrSef;rod vIyf&rnf/<br />

Oyrm- acgif;udk awmifbuf Munfhae&mrS ajrmufbufudk MunfhvdkvQif awmifrSajrmufudk csufjcif;rvSnfh&/ ajz;ajz;<br />

tcsdefudk tukefcHí vSnfh&rnf/ odkYr[kwfu touf½Sd owå0grSef;odrl? wwyfESifhwwyf ,SOfNydKif ypfcwfaeMuaom<br />

tcg? vludkjrifrS ypfrnfr[kwf/ ,cif qdkcJhNyD;onfhtwkdif; txifESifhyif vSrf;íypfcwfwwfojzifh NidrfoufpGm ae<br />

Ekdif&efudk txl;BudK;pm;zkdYvdkayonf/<br />

tuG,ftum,lyHk<br />

tuG,ftum,lpOfrSm trsm;tm;jzifh tvsm;arSmufvsuf½Sdwwfonf/ tvsm;arSmufíjzpfjcif;? uG,f,ljcif;rSm<br />

udk,fu a½SUudkrsm;pGm vSrf;í rjrifEkdifaomfvnf; &efol\ usnfxdrSefzkdYrSm rsm;pGmcJ,Of;vSonf/ aoewfrSm trsm;tm;<br />

jzifh cg;&if;avmufom vSrf;í ypfwwfonf/ tu,fí ajray:½Syfypfu vlqDra&mufrD vrf;tMum;wGif wkdufí<br />

tjcm;t&m0wåKrsm;udk rSefaeEkdifonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh ,lxm;aom tuG,ftum\aemuf nmbuftpGef; trdwfem;rS<br />

vlae&m,lí arSmufae&onf/ urlrSmvnf; xkdenf;twlyif odkYaomf urlxdyfü opfyifpkuav;rsm;½Sdu xdyfüvnf;<br />

ae&m,lEkdifonf/ urlxdyftpGef;ü ae&m,lpOf rsufvHk;wbufudkom azmfxm;&rnf/ nmbufu tuG,f,lrS aoewfESifh<br />

rsufvHk;wbufudk nmbufü xm;í vludk opfyiftuG,ftum ponfwkdYu zHk;tkyfxm;vdrfhrnf/ b,fbufu,lygu<br />

vlwudk,fvHk;azmfNyD;rS aoewfudk xkwfazmfEkdifvdrfhrnf/ b,fbufu rnfonfhtcgrQ ae&mr,l&/<br />

tuG,ftumae&m ra&mufrD uGif;jyifrsm;udk jzwfausmfí oGm;p&m½SdvQif vludkjzefYcGJí tjref tajy;oGm;&<br />

rnf/ uGif;jyifr[kwfu rvkd/ tuG,f,lvQif jrefpGm,lí? ¤if;tuG,fudkcGmu vsifjrefpGmcGm&rnf/ awmwGif;ü opf<br />

yif wyifESifhwpfyif ul;&mwGif vsifjrefpGmul;í vludk tenf;i,fjzefYNyD; wNydKifwnf; ajy;&rnf/ odkYrS ypfcwfrnfhol<br />

u ypf&ef a½G;cs,fí r&cif? tuG,fudk vla&mufEkdifonf/ vlrcGJbJ ul;u þvlpkBuD;udk wae&mwnf; jrifae&ojzifh<br />

pufuGif;aumif; jzpfaevdrfhrnf/ vlcGJvkdufí tkyfcsKyf&usyfwnf; oGm;wwfonf/ (txl;*½kjyK&rnf) csKHwef;udk ausmf&mü<br />

jzpfEkdifonf/ tu,fí wae&mwnf;rS ausmfí aES;aevQif pufuGif;aumif; jzpfwufonf/ ppfwkduf&mü pufuGif;<br />

aumif; rjzpf&ef rsm;pGma½SmifMu&rnf/ aemufqHk; ypfuGif;usu tumtuG,f r½Sdaomfvnf; uGif;jyifwGifyif arSmufí<br />

ypfMu&onf/ xkduJhodkY ae&m,l&mü tjrefqHk;ajy;í tjrefqHk;arSmufNyD;vQif vludk tus,fqHk;csJ&rnf/ tkyfr&atmif<br />

vnf; rcsJ&/<br />

(P) ajratmufvIyf&Sm;rIESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

twGif;pnf;onf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkBuD; ay:ayguf&ef vIHYaqmf&yfwnfay;NyD;aemuf twGif;pnf;rS<br />

udkEk? udkatmifqef;? udkvSazwdkYonf udkA[def;ESifh udkvSa½TwdkYudk vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGuf pnf;½Hk;cJhonf/<br />

twGif;pnf;tzGJUonf vQKdU0SufpGm vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGuf xyfrHzGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;jzpfcJhaom<br />

trsm;pkrSm ,aeYxufwdkif vlxkMum;wGif MoZmoufvsuf ½Sdonf/ udkEkonf bmoma&;t& vufeufudkif awmfvSef<br />

a&;udk odyftm;ray;csifaomfvnf; udkatmifqef;url vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGuf qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfaMumifh ausmif;rsm;rydwfcif udkvSarmif (rdw¬Dvm)? udkAaqG? udkjr? udkarmifarmif (aq;aum<br />

vdyf)? oHrPdudkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH)? udkodef;aqGwdkYonfvnf; vQKdU0SufpGm ajratmufawmfvSefa&; zGJUpnf;aqmif½Guf&ef<br />

pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh wuG ñTefMum;csufrsm; ay;cJhavonf/<br />

Armjynfw0Srf;vHk; vQKdU0SuftzGJUcGJrsm; zGJUpnf;&mwGif ocifESifh ausmif;om;rsm;udk trmcHr@dKifjyKí tvkyf<br />

orm;? awmifolv,form;ESifh jynfcspfyk*¾dKvfrsm; tygt0if zGJUpnf;&ef owfrSwfcJhMuonf/<br />

AuoESifh wkdYArmtpnf;t½Hk;onf yl;wGJtpnf;ta0; usif;yNyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtwGuf aqG;aEG;<br />

cJhMuonf/ 1940 ZGefv (9) &ufaeYwGif ocifygwDESifh "g;rygwD tpnf;ta0;odkY ausmif;om;rsm; wufa&mufcJhonf/<br />

Zlvdkif (7) &ufwGif *sKAvDa[mü vlxktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD; usif;yNyD;aemuf ocifrsm; tzrf;cH&onfhudpö<br />

udk uefYuGufMuonf/ 0gqkdvjynfhwGif a½Twd*Hkbk&m;ü oHCm? ausmif;om;? jynfoltpnf;ta0;BuD; usif;yonf/<br />

Auo txl;tpnf;ta0;udk 'DZifbm (25? 26) &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;ycJhonf/ tzGifhtcrf;tem;wGif<br />

AdkvfatmifausmfESifh tmZmenfrsm;udk tav;jyKcJhonf/ rdw¬DvmrS ynma&;0efBuD; OD;b&if? udkA[def;? NrdKUrq&m[def?<br />

'D;'kwfOD;bcsdKwdkY wufa&mufcJhonf/ vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;twGuf vufeufudkifawmfvSef&ef tcsdefus<br />

NyD[k udkvSa½Tu ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

291

292<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ajratmuftzGJUudk ocifjrtdrfü zGifhvSpfcJhNyD;aemuf udkvSarmifESifh udkAaqGwdkYonf udkausmf<br />

Nidrf;? q&mcspf? udkxGef;tkH? e*g;eDudkxGef;a½T? udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s)? ocifxGef;cif? ocifApdef (tkyfpk) wkdYonf<br />

ajratmufavhusifhvkyfief;twGuf 1940 'DZifbmv (3) &uf ,dk;',m;-jrefrm e,fpyfoGm;&ef jyifqifrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJh<br />

ayonf/ ArmhxGuf&yf*dkPf;udk a'gufwmbarmfESifh ygwDtcsKdU qufoG,fvmNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;? ocif? qif;&Jom;<br />

tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;cJhavonf/ *syefjynfodkY &JabmfoHk;usdyf apvTwfNyD; ppfynmoifMum;&mwGifvnf;-<br />

1/ udkxGef;½Sdef (Adkvf&efEkdif) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

2/ udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

3/ udkvS (Adkvfrif;a&mif) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> wkdUyg0ifcJhavonf/<br />

ArmjynfrS t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;udk wkdufxkwf&mwGif A[dkawmfvSefa&;tzGJUBuD;w&yfzGJUpnf;um ajray:?<br />

ajratmuf awmfvSefa&;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;NyD; vIyf½Sm;Mu&mwGif vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;vli,fwdkU\ tcef;u@rSm<br />

BuD;rm;aom tcef;u@wck tjzpf yg0ifcJhayonf/ xdkodkY ausmif;om;? vli,ftiftm;pkrsm; yg0ifvIyf½Sm;EkdifrIyif<br />

jzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS<br />

&JabmfoHk;usdyf0if<br />

jzpfvmol (3) OD;<br />

udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZ,s) udkxGef;½Sdef (Adkvf&efEdkif)<br />

(w) 'kwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;rsm;uGefz&ifhwGif aMujimcsuf<br />

(1) <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU0if ausmif;om;rsm;wdkif;&if;jzpf 0HomEkyifeD txnfrsm;0wfqif&ef/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>BuD;wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&; OD;wnfcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

(u) ausmif;om;rsm;\ cHpm;oifh cHpm;xkdufaom tusKd;aus;Zl;? tcGifhta&;wkdYudk umuG,fapmifha½Smuf&ef/<br />

(c) ,ckyifvQif ½Sdaeaom tvkyfvufrJhjyóemrsm;udk yaysmufaprnfh enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmEkdifjcif;?<br />

(8) ArmjynfwGif aemifvlBuD;rsm;jzpfrnfh ausmif;om;wdkYtm; aumif;rGefaocsmaom EkdifiHa&;ynmudk ay;&ef?<br />

(C) Armjynf½Sd ynma&;udk wkd;wufjyefYyGm;atmif xlaxmifEkdifjcif;?<br />

(i) Armjynf½Sd vGwfvyfa&;twGuf vkyfief;udk vsifjrefpGm ay;Ekdifjcif;/<br />

(x) udkA[def;ESifh ta&;awmfyHkpmapmif<br />

udkvS (Adkvfrif;a&mif)<br />

yÍörtBudrf AuonDvmcHtNyD;wGif udkA[def;? udkxGef;½Sdef (Adkvf&efEkdif) ESifh udkudkwkdY OD;pD;NyD; ta&;awmfyHk<br />

pmapmifudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ ocifjr vufESdyfpufudk toHk;jyKcJhonf/ pmrltrsm;tjym;udk udkA[def;u a&;om;cJhavonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk EkdifiHa&;oifwef;tjzpf a'gufwmewf? *dk½S,f? udkA[def;wdk Yu oifwef;ay;cJhonf/ trSwf (1) rsufESm<br />

zHk;wGif oHaESmifBudK;udk tvkyform;u jzwfawmufypf&efESifh aemufausmzHk;wGif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUorm; ykykuav;tm;<br />

BuD;rm;aom vufoD;jzifh xdk;aeyHkudk azmfjyxm;onfh pmapmif\rl0g'rSm e,fcsJUqefUusifa&;? vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;?<br />

jrefrmykvdyf? NAdwdoQppfwyfü ppfom;rsm;tygt0if? tvkyform;? vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;apmif;rusef pnf;½Hk;a&;<br />

yifjzpf\/ ]ppf&HyHkaiG rvSLMueJh} [k pmydk'fygvmonf/<br />

(wzufpmrsufESmwGif ta&;awmfyHkpmapmif aemufausmzHk;udk azmfjyxm;onf/)<br />

Source: ASO; 30 Comrades ; 30 Comrades

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ta&;awmfyHk trSwf (2) udk ocifoufwifu vufESdyfpuf½kdufí udkA[def;ESifh udkudk? aemufydkif;wGif udkxGef;½Sdef?<br />

ocifb*srf; (Adkvfva&mif)? ocifwifatmifwdkYu wm0ef,lcJhavonf/<br />

1940 'DZifbmv Adkvfatmifausmf aMu;½kyfzGifhyGJü AuonDvmcHESifh wkdufqkdifcJhavonf/ wuo taqmuf<br />

tODü nDvmcH usif;yaepOf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJyHkpH ajymif;vJum ]e,fcsJYtpdk;&pepfBuD; ysufqD;vkeD;NyDvm;}[laom acgif;pOf<br />

jzifh a[majymMuonf/ ta&;awmfyHk atmifjrif&ef tiftm;BuD;rm;aom tyifBuD;udk tjrpfrS ckwfvSJrS jzpfrnf[k ygvm<br />

onf/ tiftm;tultnDjzifh NzdKvSJ&rnf/ aemufxyf tudkif;tcufi,frsm; tjrpfrwG,frD NzdKvSJypf&rnf[laom<br />

oabmyg ygvmonf/<br />

(') ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

(ESpf0uf tpD&ifcHpm)<br />

1940 ckESpf? 'DZifbm (25? 26) &ufaehrsm;wGif usif;yaom yÍörtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;wdkh\<br />

vTwfawmfwGif wifjytpD&ifcHonf<br />

vGefcJhonfh arv (12? 13) &ufaeUrsm;wGif usif;yaom yOörtBudrfajrmuf ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;<br />

rsm;nDvmcH obifNyD;qHk;onfrS pí? ,ck yOörtBudrfajrmuf ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;vTwfawmf usif;yonfh<br />

tcsdeftwGif; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf\ c&D;pOfudk þESpf0uftpD&ifcHpmtjzpf wifoGif;ygaMumif;/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (5)? tydk'fi,f (u) t& <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf Ouú|onf 1940- 41<br />

ckESpftwGuf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk (1941 ckESpf? arv 13 &ufaeYwGif) xkwfjyefaMunmcJhygaMumif;/<br />

tvkyftrIaqmif tzGJYopfwGif-<br />

(1) udkvSarmif (rdw¬Dvm)<br />

(2) udkxGef;½Sdef (tmvHNrdKU)<br />

(3) udkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH)<br />

(4) udkxGef;½Sdef (jrefatmif)<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

ta&;awmfyHkpmapmif aemufausmzHk;<br />

293

294<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(5) udkxGef;0if; ([oFmw)<br />

(6) udkudk (ajrmif;jr)<br />

(7) udkcspfvIdif (a&OD;)<br />

(8) udkodrf;armif (rdwåDvm)<br />

(9) atau'wåm; (&efukef) wkdYyg0if&m<br />

udkudk (ajrmif;jr) taMumif;rnDnGwfojzifh ausmif;qufvuf raeawmUaomaMumifU wuúodkvfausmif;?<br />

yk*Hausmif;aqmifrS o[m,toif; Ouú| apmatmify ([oFmw) tm; udkudk\ae&mwGif Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaehu<br />

usif;yaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY tpnf;ta0;u cefhxm;cJUygaMumif;? tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUopftm; wm0eftoD;oD;<br />

cGJa0ay;&mwGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rS Ouú| udkvSarmif (rdw¬Dvm) tm;? 'k-Ouú| udkxGef;½Sdef (jrefatmif) tm;?<br />

aiGxdef; udkxGef;½Sdef (tmvHNrdKU) tm;? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkarmifarmif (jrif;jcH) tm;? oHrPdAdkvfcsKyfudkxGef;0if;<br />

([oFmw)? udkatmify ([oFmw)? udkcspfvIdif (a&OD;)? udkodrf;armif (rdw¬Dvm)? atau'wåm; (&efukef)wdkYtm;<br />

taxGaxGXmersm;wdkYwGif cefYtyfxm;½SdygaMumif;/<br />

1/ ,cktcsdefxd <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyfESihf pnf;rsOf;wus qufoG,fxm;aom <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;rSm aygif; (65)<br />

oif; jzpfí wGJbuftpnf;t½Hk;rSm wckom ½SdaMumif;/ wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh NrdKUvHk;? ½GmvHk;qdkif&m<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;om jzpfMuí? pD&ifvHk;qdkif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;rS jrif;jcHpD&ifpkESifU zsmyHkpD&ifpkvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;onf ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif;u pD&ifpkvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ nDvmcHudk usif;yMuaMumif;?<br />

vGefcJhonfh Mo*kwfvtwGif;u <strong>or*¾</strong>tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf ArmwjynfvHk;odkU pnf;½Hk;a&;twGuf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

apvTwfcJh&ygaMumif;/ ,ckuJhodkY ta&;BuD;aeaom tcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;wkdY\ ydkrdkpnf;½Hk;rIonf txl;<br />

vkdvm;tyfonfudk þvTwfawmfodkY wufa&mufMuaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; owdjyKapvkdygaMumif;/ pD&ifpkvHk;qdkif&m<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm; zGJYpnf;jcif;jzifh e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifrsm;onf toif;csKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY\ wm0eftcsKdYudk<br />

cGJ,lum ulnDEkdifMuygaMumif;/<br />

2/ toif;csKyf\ b@ma&;ESifhywfoufí tpD&ifcH&aomf ,ckESpftzdkYtoif;csKyfrSm aiGa&;aMu;a&; tcuf<br />

tcJESifh rMumcP &ifqkdifawGU&ygaMumif;? toif;csKyf\ ESpfpOfysrf;rQukefusaom p&dwfrSm omreftcsdeftcgrsKd;ü<br />

aiG (3000) ESifh (40000) Mum;wGif wnf½Sd&m? ,ckESpf toif;csKyf\ &efyHkaiGrSm (1500) rQyif r½Sdao;aMumif;? wGJbuf<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;rS qufaMu;&onfh 0ifaiGrSmvnf; rajymyavmufatmif enf;yg;vSaMumif;? qufoG,faMu;&onfh<br />

0ifaiGrSm wESpfvQif (2000 - 3000) xuf rydkbJ? ,ckESpftzdk Y pkpkaygif; (150) rQom vufcH&½Sdao;aMumif;? useftoHk;<br />

p&dwfrsm;udkrl tvkyftrIaqmifuom 'kdifcHí ½SmazGae&m e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf tvkyfrsm;vSaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

tm; ulnDonfhoabmESifh qufoG,faMu;rsm;udk BudK;pm;í ajyvnfatmif wifydk YMu&ef txl;vkdaeygaMumif;/ qufoG,f<br />

aMu; aiGrsm;rSty NrdKUrdNrdKUz? rsKd;cspftaygif;wdkYxHrSvnf; o'¨gaMu;aumufcHí toif;csKyfvkyfief;rsm; xajrmuf<br />

atmifjrifa&;twGuf tvSLaiGwifydkYMu&ef txl;wkdufwGef; EId;aqmfygaMumif;/<br />

3/ ausmif;om;rsm;? umuG,fa&;oHrPdtzGJU\ vkyfief;pOfudk pdppfMunfh½IrnfqdkvQif ,ckESpftzdkY aiGa&;<br />

aMu;a&; tcuftcJwdkYaMumifh pDpOfxm;½Sdoavmuf vkyfief;rsm;wGifus,fcJhaomfvnf; ArmwjynfvHk;½Sd oHrPd<br />

tiftm;rSm wkd;wufvsuf½SdygaMumif;? ,cifESpfu wjynfvHk;wGif oHrPdwyf (11) wyfom½Sdí? wyfom;OD;a& (600)<br />

rQom ½SdcJUaomfvnf;? ,ckESpftzdkh rSwfyHkwifNyD;jzpfaom oHrPdwyfaygif; (20) wyfrS wyfom;OD;a&;aygif; (1100)<br />

omomrQ ½SdygaMumif;? oHrPdpnf;rsOf; Oya't& AdkvfcsKyfonf (10) OD;xufrrsm;? (4) OD;xufrenf;aom twkdifyifcH<br />

tzGJU0if Adkvfrsm;udk tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ oabmwlnDcsuft& cefYxm;EkdifcGifh&Sd&m? AdkvfcsKyfonf twkdifyifcHAdkvf<br />

(8) OD;udk a½G;cs,fcefhxm;cJUojzifh ,cktcsdefü twdkifyifcH (4) OD;rSm rdrdwdkh wm0eftoD;oD;udk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmif<br />

vsuf½SdaeygaMumif;? oHrPdtoif; oifwef;rsm;udk ,cifESpfuyif usif;y&ef pDpOfcJhaomfvnf; ,ckESpf þvTwfawmf<br />

rwkdifrD &uftenf;i,f twGif;usrSyif atmifjrifxajrmufcJhygaMumif;/ tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkU wifjyaom oHrPdwyf<br />

rsm;\ tiftm;udk ydkrdkawmifhwif;atmif BudK;pm;&ef rsm;pGmyif vdkaeao;ayaMumif;/<br />

4/ toif;csKyf\ b@ma&;rSm rsm;pGmrcdkifvkHaomfvnf; vkyfief;wGifrl r,kwfavsmhapbJ cgwkdif;ESpfrsm;xuf<br />

ydkrdkBudK;pm; aqmif½GufcJhygaMumif;/ yÍörtBudrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHwGif wifoGif;qHk;jzwfcJhaom qHk;jzwf<br />

csufrsm;udk NyD;pD;EkdiforQ NyD;pD;atmif aqmif½GufMu&mwGif tcsKdU qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkrl tcsdefrusao;ojzifh csefvSyfxm;&<br />

ao;ayaMumif;/ þjyKvkyfaqmif½GufzG,f&m usef½Sdaeao;aom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkrl þ'kwd,ESpftydkif;wGif<br />

qufvufaqmif½Guf vkyfukdifoGm;Ekdif&ef pDpOfNyD;jzpfaMumif;? e,fcsJ YpepfESifh e,fcsJ Yppfwdk hudk <strong>or*¾</strong>\0g'twkdif; qefhusif

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

uefhuGuf&mü &efukefNrdKYvHk;qkdif&m uefhuGufyGJBuD;udk a½Twd*HkapwDawmf awmifbuf pwk'DomZ&yfBuD;wGif atmifjrifpGm<br />

usif;ycJhonfU tjyif jynfolhvGwfvyfrIudk csKyfcs,fjcif;rsm;ESifU yufoufí oabmrusaMumif;? qE´jytqdkrsm;udk<br />

csrSwfcJUygaMumif;/ ppfudkuefhuGufonfU pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;udkvnf; rMumcP xkwfjyefcJUonfrSm udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh<br />

wuG wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm; todyifjzpfygaMumif;/ pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;vkyfief;udk vGefcJUonfU atmufwdkbmv<br />

ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm; twGif;u ajrmif;jre,fbufodkh c&D;jyif;xGufí prf;oyfaqmif½GufcJU&m aumif;pGm txajrmufcJUonf<br />

udk awGY&ygaMumif;? þpmrwwfolyaysmufa&;vkyfief;udk aqmif½Gufjcif;tm;jzifU ajrmif;jre,f½Sd awmifolv,form;<br />

rsm;ESifU ausmif;om;rsm;wdkhonf ydkrdkaoG;pnf;ygaMumif;/ <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyfonf 0g'twkdif; qif;&Jom;? awmifolv,f<br />

orm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aoG;pnf;rdMuap&ef tjcm;vkyfief;wkdif;wGifvnf; ulnDaqmif½Guf vkyfudkifcJhygaMumif;/<br />

(Oyrm- tmtD;wD tvkyform;rsm;wdkU\ oydwfudpöwGif aiGtm;? vltm;? tMuHÓmPftm;wdkhjzifU ulnDcJhygaMumif;)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf\ vpOfxkwf rsKd;ñGefYpmapmifudk xkwfa0&ef BudK;pm;cJhaomfvnf; wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;<br />

\ tultnDudk &oifhoavmuf r&cJhojzifh txrajrmufcJhygaMumif;/ 0g'jzefYjzL;a&;twGuf <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyfu<br />

BuD;rSL;í xkwfa0aom pmapmifwckckudk ta&;wBuD; vdktyfvsuf½SdygaMumif;/<br />

5/ wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;wkdif; toif;wkdif;wdk Ytm; pnf;urf;ao0yfrIESifh ywfoufí usif;yNyD;pD;cJhaom nDvmcH<br />

obiftwkdif; vTwfawmfwkdif;wdkYu ppfom;rsm;? ppfwyfrsm;uJhodkY pnf;urf;ao0yfMu&ef wdkufwGef;cJhaMumif;/ ,ckESpf<br />

tzdkY wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh ywfoufí pnf;urf;ao0yfrI ESpfck ay:aygufcJh&m Armjynfausmif;om;rsm;\ &mZ0ifwGif<br />

(1940) ckESpfü teufuGufrsm; pGef;xifouJhodkU wnf½Sdaeojzifh 0rf;enf;zG,f&m aumif;ygaMumif;? oydwfvufeuf<br />

udk <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ wifBudKtrdefYwpHkw&mr&bJ toHk;jyKMuaom oHk;cG ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

toif;ESifh rEÅav;aemfrefausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;wdkYrSm toif;BuD;\ pnf;rsOf;udk rvdkufem&musygaMumif;/ odkYaomf<br />

xdkae&m ESpfckpvHk;odkUyif tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu udk,fpm;vS,frsm;apvTwfum udpörsm;udk NyD;jywfatmif aqmif½Gufap<br />

cJYygaMumif;/ þuJhodkY rauseyfrIrsm;aMumifh rvTJuif;aom ay:ayguf&aom oydwfudpörsm;wGif awmifwGif;BuD;oydwf<br />

udpö ay:ayguf&yHkudk tjcm;wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm; twk,lzG,f aumif;vSaMumif;/ þoydwfudpöwGif ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

onf yxrOD;qHk; q&mBuD;udk rdrdwdkY vdkvm;csufudk wifMum;jyoí udpörNyD;jywf ½SdonfhtcgwGif NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;tm;<br />

wdkifwef;cJhaMumif;/ NyD;rSom toif;csKyf\ trdefYtwdkif; oydwfvufeufudk toHk;jyKcJhaMumif;? rMumao;rDtwGif;uyif<br />

rEåav;NrdKYvHk;qkdif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;om;wOD;jzpfol armifxGef;atmiftm; tpdk;&umuG,fa&; Oya't& zrf;qD;onfU<br />

trIESifUywfoufí <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf\ *kPfodu©mudk xdckdufaponfU udpöw&yf ay:aygufcJhaMumif;/ armifxGef;atmiftm;<br />

zrf;qD;NyD;onfhaemuf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJYrS rEåav;axmifodkh udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwfcJUum tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

udk,fpm;vS,fonf armifxGef;atmifESifU axmiftwGif; awGYqHkcJUygaMumif;/ tpdk;&tm; rnfonfUenf;ESifUrQ 0efcs<br />

awmif;yefjcif;ponfU trIrjyK&ef trdefhay;cJUaomfvnf; armifxGef;atmifonf rem,lbJ ½SdcJUaMumif;/ þudpörsKd;wGif<br />

NrdKUvHk;qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>onf pnf;rsOf;udk r½dkaool rSeforQwdkYtay:ü ta&;,l&ef oifhavsmfayaMumif;/ <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf<br />

tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ oabmwGif (vkyf&Jolonf cH&J&rnf) jzpfí <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;om;rSeforQwdkYonf vmrnfhab;udk<br />

ajy;í awGU&Jolrsm;om jzpfMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;/<br />

6/ ,ckESpftzdkY ausmif;om;oydwfarSmufrIrsm;rSm (oHwGJ? awmifwGif;BuD;? &efukef? okH;cG? rEÅav;?<br />

ausmufqnf? wyfukef;) ponfh (7) ae&mwdkYwGif jzpfay:&m? ,cktcgwGif tmvHk;vdkvdkyif oydwfvSefNyD;jzpfaMumif;/<br />

ausmufqnfESifh wyfukef;ausmif;om;oydwfwdkUrSm wGJbuf<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;u OD;pD;íjyKvkyfonfh oydwfrsm; r[kwf<br />

onfhtjyif toif;csKyfodkY wiful;taMumif;Mum;jcif; r½SdcJhojzifh oydwfjzpfyGm;&mae&mrsm;odkY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

rapvTwfcJhaMumif;/ awmifwGif;BuD; oydwfrSwyg; usefoydwfrsm;rSm ausmif;om;rsm;\vkdvm;csufrsm; jynfUjynfUpHkpHk&½Sdí<br />

ausauseyfeyf oydwfvSefcJUMuaMumif;/ þvTwfawmfusif;yonfh tcsdefrSpí ESpfrukefrcsif; e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkYonf oydwfudpö<br />

udk wwfEkdiforQ qifjcifapvkdaMumif;/ tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;tpDtpOfwGif þuJhodkYudpöi,frsm;udk aqmif½Guf<br />

ae&ojzifh aESmifhaES;ysufuGufjcif; jzpf&ayaMumif;/ ta&;BuD;aomudpörsm;udk jyKvkyfaqmif½GufMu&awmhrnfh<br />

tcsdeftcgwGif tcsdefonf tvGefta&;BuD;ojzifh tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtm; tvkyfrsm;rsm;vkyfEdkif&ef tcsdefrsm;rsm;<br />

ay;MuapvdkaMumif;/<br />

7/ rif;bl;? jrif;jcH? anmifOD;? 0g;c,fr? ajrmif;jr? &efukef? ausmufjzL? rEÅav; paomae&mrsm;½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

toif; (odkYr[kwf) toif;ESifh oufqkdifolwdkYrSm tpdk;&\ taESmifht,Sufrsm;ESifh awGUqHkMu&aMumif;? rif;bl;NrdKYvHk;<br />

qkdif&m<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|? aiGxdef;rSL;ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;wdk h\ tdrfrsm;wGif ykvdyfrsm; wufa&muf½SmazGum toif;ESifh oufqkdif<br />

aom pm½Gufpmwrf;wkd hudk odrf;qnf;jcif;? jrif;jcH? anmifOD;wdk hwGif w&m;a[maom ausmif;om;tcsKdYwdk hudk aemufw&m;<br />

295

296<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ra[myg[k vufrSwf a&;xkd;cdkif;jcif;? 0g;c,fr½Sd ocifrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;udk {nf UcH&aumif;vm;[k zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;?<br />

pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;vkyfief;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; udk,fwdkifujyonfU v,form;jyZmwfudk umuG,fa&;Oya't&<br />

ydwfyifjcif;? ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyfu BuD;rSL;í &efukefNrdKYwGif usif;yonfU jynfolhvGwf<br />

vyfrIudk csKyfcs,fuefhuGufonfU tpnf;ta0;ü w&m;a[majymrIESifh ausmif;om; (3) OD;tm; twif;vufrSwfa&;xdk;<br />

ckdif;jcif;? toif;csKyfrSxkwfjyefaom tcsKdYpmwrf;wdkhudk ydwfyifjcif;? ausmufjzLwGif ppf&efyHkaiG rwnf&eftwGuf<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm; 0ifa&mufujy&ef ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;u wkdufwGef;jcif;? rEåav;wGif ygawmfrlaeh w&m;a[majymrlESifh<br />

ausmif;om;wOD;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;ponfU rvdkvm;tyfaom taESmifht,Sufrsm;udk MuHKawGU&ygaMumif;/ (okdYaomf<br />

rsm;aomtm;jzifh oufqkdifolwdkYu ausauseyfeyfjzpfatmif trSm;udk jyifqifMuygaMumif;/) <strong>or*¾</strong>toif; ajcvSrf;<br />

rSefrSefBuD; csDwufvsufae&m? vrf;aMumif;c&D;wGif taESmifht,Sufjzpfaprnfh ql;an§mifhcvkwf ponfwdkYudk wwfEkdif<br />

onfhenf;ESifh z,f½Sm;okwfoif&rnfudk tm;vHk; owdjyKapvdkaMumif;/ aemufaemiftcgrsKd;wGif þuJhodkY pdwfrcsrf;ajrU<br />

zG,f&m udpörsm;udk awGUMuHK&OD;rnf[k rarQmfvifhaMumif;/<br />

8/ <strong>or*¾</strong>\&mZ0iftaMumif;udkjyí Munfh½Ippfaq;vQif (1920) ckESpf twGif;ü wBudrf? (1936) ckESpf wBudrf?<br />

(1938) ckESpfwGif wBudrf? (3) Budrfwdkifwkdif rauseyfrIrsm;aMumifUaomf vnf;aumif;? ArmwrsKd;om;vHk;ESifU oufqkdif<br />

aom taMumif;udpörsm;aMumifUaomf vnf;aumif;? oydwfBuD;rsm;udk wjynfvHk; toHk;jyKcJUMu&m wBudrfxufwBudrf<br />

vnf; ydkrdkí tiftm;aumif;vmNyD;vQif ydkrdk txajrmufonfudk awGY&ygaMumif;/<br />

,ckuJUodkh urÇmw0Srf;vHk; ppfrD;awmufavmifvQuf½SdonfU tcsdefrsKd;wGif ArmjynftwGif;odkYvnf; ppfrD;yGm;<br />

uav;rsm; rul;puf rjyefYyGm;bJ? cgwkdif;wapuJhodkYyif at;at;vlvl acsmacsmarmarm pcef;oGm;&vdrf Urnf[k rnfol<br />

rQ rajymEkdifaMumif;/ tu,fí taemufEkdifiH? ta½SUEkdifiHrsm;rS ppfrD;awmufonf ArmjynfbufodkY ul;pufcJhonf½Sdaomf<br />

wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;onf pmoifcef;rsm;twGif;ü at;at;vlvl pmayoifMum;ae½HkrQESifh ae&musrnfr[kwf<br />

aMumif;/ odkYrSr[kwfbJ wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;onf pmayoifMum;ae&m pmoifcef;rsm;rS xGufí ausmif;rsm;udk<br />

oydwfarSmuf ae½HkrQESifhvnf; udpörNyD;/ <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;onf rnfuJhodkh aqmif½GufMu&rnfenf;[laom jyóemonf<br />

ta&;wBuD; aqG;aEG;zG,f&m ay:ayguf&aMumif;/ 1938 ckESpf ta&;awmfyHkonf jynfolYvGwfvyfrIwdkhudk csKyfcs,fjcif;<br />

aMumifU jzpf&aMumif;/ tu,fí ArmUvGwfvyfa&;twGuf vmvwÅHYaom tcsdefrsm;wGif ta&;udpöay:aygufcJUaomf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfUtcef;rS yg0ifujyMurnfudk BudKwif pOf;pm;xm;Mu&ef txl;vdktyfayaMumif;/<br />

ta&;awmfyHkatmifygap<br />

(") wuúodkvftufOya' tqifhqifhjyifqifjcif;<br />

xGef;½Sdef<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

ArmEkdifiHvkHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;csKyf<br />

(25? 12? 1940)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfudkwnfaxmifNyD;aemuf 1959 ckESpftxd &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk ½SpfBudrf jyifqif<br />

cJhonf/ yxrOD;qHk; 1924 ckESpfwGif wBudrf? 1939 ckESpfwGif ESpfBudrf? 1949 ckESpfwGif ESpfBudrf? 1951 ckESpfwGif<br />

wBudrf? 1953 ckESpfwGif wBudrfESifh 1959 ckESpfwGif wBudrfjzpfonf/<br />

1924 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;<br />

1923 ckESpf? Ekd0ifbmvwGif 0efBuD;OD;babu wuúodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsuf Oya'Murf;udk jrefrmjynf<br />

Oya'jyKaumifpDodkY wifoGif;cJh&m 1924 ckESpf {NyDvwGif twnfjzpfvmcJhonf/ xkdjyifqifcsuf Oya't& aumvdyfopf<br />

rsm; zGJUpnf;Ekdif&ef tcGifhtvrf; ay:aygufvmojzifh rEÅav;Oypmaumvdyfudk 1925 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif zGifhvSpfEkdifcJhonf/<br />

xdkYtjyif owfrSwfxm;aom tcsuftvuf pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh nDñGwfygu jyifyaumvdyfrsm;udkvnf; taygif;tyg<br />

aumvdyftjzpf todtrSwfjyKEkdifonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDESifh qD;edwftzGJU\ tmPmudkvnf; wkd;ay;onf/ ,cifu<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDonf pwufusLOya'udkvnf;aumif;? qD;edwftzGJUonf pnf;rsOf;Oya'udkvnf;aumif;? jznfhpGuf<br />

jyifqifEkdifaomfvnf; t"dywd\oabmwlnDrIudk &,l&onf/ ,ckrl xkdoabmwlnDrI rvkdawmhacs/ yk'fr (4) t&

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ay;xm;aom wuúodkvf tcGifhtmPmrsm;udkvnf; aumifpDESifh qD;edwftzGJUodkY cGJa0ay;vkdufonf/ aumifpDwGifvnf;<br />

ynma&;0efxrf; r[kwfolrsm; ydkrdkyg0ifvmaponf/ wuúokdvfaumifpDwGif tzGJU0ifOD;a&udk wdk;csJUcGifhjyKonf/ qD;edwf<br />

tmPmudk t"dywdu qufvuf xdrf;odrf;xm;cJhaomfvnf; aemifoifhavsmfaom tcsdefwGif wuúokdvftm; jyefvnf<br />

vTJtyfay;&ef jyifqifxm;onf/ wuúodkvftmPmydkiftzGJUrsm;\ tmPmrsm;udkvnf; ydkrdkwduspGm jy|mef;xm;cJhonf/<br />

1939 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;<br />

1936 ckESpf? rwfvwGif usif;yaom jrefrmjynf Oya'jyKaumifpDu &efukefwuúodkvftufOya' pHkprf;a&;<br />

aumfr½SifzGJU&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ xdkqHk;jzwfcsuft& tpdk;&onf 1936 ckESpf ? arv (1) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvftufOya'<br />

pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDudk zGJUcJhonf/ xkdaumfrwDwGif qmjrbl;u Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½Gufí tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf vyfcaemif;<br />

wuúodkvf? 'kwd,t"dywd a'gufwm tm&f-yD-yg&ef*sfydkif? yJcl;wkdif;rif;BuD; bD-'AvsKqGD'ifAifh? *syfqifaumvdyf<br />

ausmif;tkyfBuD; a'gufwm *sD-tufpf-*sK&D? ,leDAmpDwD aumvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;azarmifwif? a'gufwmb[ef?<br />

OD;odef;armif? OD;ay:xGef;? a'gufwma':&ifar? a'gufwm trf-ata&mhzfESifh twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wuúodkvfarmfuGef;<br />

xdef; t,fvfxifpDwdkY yg0ifMuonf/<br />

qmjrbl;acgif;aqmifaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDonf tpnf;ta0; (44) Budrfusif;yí tpD&ifcHpmudk 1937<br />

ckESpf rwfvwGif wifoGif;cJhonf/ tpD&ifcHpmyg t"dutcsufrsm;rSm wuúodkvf\obm0? t"dywdESifh 'kwd,t"dywd<br />

cefYxm;a&;? wuúodkvfaumifpDESihf qD;edwftzGJU0if wdk;csJUcefYxm;a&;? taygif;ygaumvdyfrsm;\ jyóemESifh ½Sdoifhaom<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;? ygarmu©cefUxm;a&;? pwufusKOya' jy|mef;a&; jyóemrsm;ESifh wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ udpörsm;udk tus,f<br />

w0ifh tpD&ifcHxm;onf/ tpdk;&u xdktpD&ifcHpmudk wuúodkvfaumifpD? qD;edwftzGJUESifh tjcm;pdwf0ifpm;aom yk*¾dKvf?<br />

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ a0zefrIESifh tMuHay;csufrsm;udkyg vufcHpOf;pm;Ekdif&ef xyfrHa0iScJhonf/ xdktMuHay;csufrsm;ESifh<br />

tpD&ifcHpmyg axmufcHcsufrsm;tay: rSDjirf;jyKum tpdk;&onf jyifqifcsufOya'Murf;udk wifoGif;cJh&m 1939 ckESpf?<br />

ZGefv (15) &ufaeYwGif twnfjzpfvmcJhonf/<br />

þjyifqifcsufaMumifh wuúodkvft"dywdESifh 'kwd,t"dywdwdkYonf a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;<br />

jzpfvmum wuúodkvfaumifpD0ifrsm;udkvnf; wdk;csJUcJhonf/ ygarmu©cefYxm;a&; tmPmudk aumifpD\ trIaqmif<br />

aumfrwDodkY vTJajymif;ay;vkdufonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif c&pf,mef*dkPf;csKyfrsm;ESifh tjcm;c&pf,mef bmoma&;<br />

toif;tzGJUrsm;\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifjcif; r½SdawmhbJ [kdufukwfw&m;vTwfawmf? a½SUaeaumifpD? tdE´d,ukefonf<br />

BuD;rsm;toif;? &mxl;0eftzGJU? ynma&;toif;tzGJUrsm;ESifh wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>wdk YrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifMuonf/ rSwfyHk<br />

wifbGJU&udk,fpm;vS,f OD;a&vnf; wkd;vmcJhonf/ qD;edwftzGJUwGifvnf; aumifpDrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wdk;vmNyD;<br />

&mxl;0eftzGJUESifh yxrjyefpmar;yGJaumfrwDwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; apvTwfcGifh &½Sdvmonf/<br />

aq;aumvdyfESifh pdkufysKd;a&;aumvdyfwdkYonfvnf; taygif;tyg aumvdyfrsm;jzpfvmum tjcm;tvm;wl<br />

aumvdyfwnfaxmifEkdif&efvnf; vrf;zGifhay;xm;onf/ þjyifqifcsuf Oya't& topfzGJUpnf;xm;aom wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpDonf 1939 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (24) &ufaeYwGif yxrqHk;tBudrf awGUqHkpnf;a0;í b@ma&;Xme twGif;0ef<br />

OD;wifxGwftm; t"dywdtjzpf vnf;aumif;? jrLeDpDy,frif;BuD;a[mif; a'gufwmOD;quftm; 'kwd,t"dywd tjzpf<br />

vnf;aumif;? a½G;aumufwifajr§mufMuonf/<br />

1939 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvftufOya' yxrjyifqifcsufwGif trSm;t,Gif;rsm; yg½SdoGm;í xdkESpfrSmyif<br />

'kwd,tBudrf xrfrHjyifqifcJh&onf/ yxrjyifqifcsufrSm 1939 ckESpf? tufOya' trSwf (13) jzpfí 'kwd, jyifqif<br />

csufrSm tufOya' trSwf (20) jzpfonf/<br />

1949 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;<br />

1949 ckESpf jyifqifcsufonf wuúodkvfzGJUpnf;yHkudk txl;ajymif;vJapcJhonf/ ppfBudKacwf aumvdyfrsm;onf<br />

r[mXmersm;jzpfvmum ausmif;tkyfBuD;rsm; ae&mwGif r[mXmerSL;rsm; cefYxm;onf/ taygif;yg aumvdyfrsm;ESifh<br />

aumvdyftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm;udk zsufodrf;vkdufNyD; aumifpDonf ,cifu trIaqmifaumfrwDodk Y vTJtyfxm;aom tkyfcsKyf<br />

a&;tmPmrsm;udk jyefvnf&,lvdkonf/ 1939 ckESpfu wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;[k aMunmcJhaom aumifpD\ trIaqmif<br />

aumfrwDESifh qD;edwftzGJU\ tjrJwrf;aumfrwDwdkYonf 1949 ckESpf jyifqifcsuft& yaysmufoGm;onf/ wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpDonf t"dutkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU jzpfvmum ppfBudKacwfuJhodkY tzGJU0ifOD;a& (70) ausmf ryg0ifawmhbJ (31) OD;<br />

om yg0ifawmhonf/ ppfBudKacwfuJhokd Y wESpfvQif (2) Budrf r[kwfawmhbJ wvwBudrf pnf;a0;&rnf[k jyifqifowfrSwf<br />

297

298<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

cJhonf/ t"dywdudk a½G;aumufwifajr§mufEkdifcGifh r½SdawmhbJ EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfonf &mxl;t& wuúokdvft"dywd<br />

jzpfvmonf/ þjyifqifcsuf tufOya't& topfzGJUpnf;cJhaom aumifpDonf w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;0efBuD;jzpfol<br />

OD;{armiftm; 'kwd,t"dywdtjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhonf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif ,m,Djyifqifcsufw&yf xrfrHjyK<br />

vkyfcJhao;onf/ xkdjyifqifcsufrSm aumifpDodkY a½G;cs,fapvTwfonfh jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh vlrsKd;pkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;udk a½G;aumufyGJ rusif;yao;rD ,m,DygvDrefESifh qufvufapvTwf cGifhjyKjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

1951 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;<br />

wuúodkvfvdkawmif;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHcsuft& EkdifiHawmftpdk;&onf 1951 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvftuf<br />

Oya'udk xyfrHjyifqif&jyefonf/ xdkaumfrwDu csrSwfaom wuúodkvf\ &nf½G,fcsufESifh vkyfief;rsm;ukd þjyifqif<br />

csuft& tufOya'wGif xnfhoGif;vkdufonf/ tjcm;jyifqifcsufrsm;rSm tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½SdrS tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;jzpfvmaom<br />

&mxl;udk ygarmu©csKyf (Rector) [k jyifqifNyD; aumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;udk tenf;i,fwdk;csJU ajymif;vJonf/ aumifpD<br />

tzGJU0if t"dywdu cefYtyfaom tzGJU0ifwOD; wdk;vmaom b@ma&;0efBuD;Xme twGif;0efESifh ynma&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

twGif;0efwdkYrSm aumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm; jzpfvmonf/ ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frSm 1949 ckESpf jyifqifcsuft&<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> toif;0ifrsm;u a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&aomfvnf; 1951 ckESpf jyifqifcsuft& wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUu a½G;cs,fapvTwfcGifhay;onf/ rEÅav;jrLeDpDy,fu udk,fpm;vS,f apvTwfcGifhudkvnf;<br />

½kwfodrf;cJhonf/ xkdYtjyif qD;edwftzGJUwGif yg0ifaom ygarmu©rsm;? {nfhygarmu©rsm;ESifh uGJjym;ap&ef vuf½Sdwm0ef<br />

xrf;aqmifaeaom XmerSL; ygarmu©rsm;[k jyifqifcJhonf/ þjyifqifcsuftufOya't& a'gufwmxifatmifonf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf\ ygarmu©csKyfjzpfvmcJhonf/<br />

1953 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;<br />

1953 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvftufOya'udk wBudrf xrfrHjyifqifcJhonf/ odkYaomf þwBudrf jyifqifjcif;onf<br />

Axl;NrdKU½Sd ppfwuúokdvfudk &efukefwuúodkvf\ tquftoG,fjyK aumvdyftjzpf zGifhvSpfEkdif&ef jyifqifjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

1959 ckESpf jyifqifjcif;<br />

tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxuf 1959 ckESpf rwf (12) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvf tufOya'udk jyifqifcJhjyef<br />

onf/ þjyifqifcsuft& &efukefNrdKUteD;wGif tquftoG,fjyK aumvdyfrsm; wnfaxmifEkdif&ef wuúodkvfe,fedrdwfudk<br />

y,fzsufvdkufavonf/ tjcm;jyifqifcsufrsm;rSm r[mXmerSL;&mxl; y,fzsufjcif;? ausmif;om;a&;rSL;ESifh ausmif;aqmif<br />

a&;rSL;&mxl;rsm; wDxGifjcif;? 'kwd,t"dywdudk aumifpDESifh qD;edwftzGJU\ obmywdtjzpf qufvufxm;½Sdaomf<br />

vnf; trIaqmift&m½SdcsKyftjzpfrS y,fzsufjcif;? aumifpDodk Y qD;edwftzGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,fvTwfyHk jyifqifjcif;? ausmif;om;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,fudk wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS vTwfEkdifcGifhr½SdawmhbJ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u a½G;aumufwif<br />

ajr§muf&rnf[k jyifqifcJhjcif;? qD;edwftzGJU wdk;csJUjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ þjyifqifcsuft& wuúodkvfwGif yxrqHk;tjzpf<br />

ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm; cefYxm;cJhonf/ ygarmu©csKyftm; wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;\ aexdkifa&;? pnf;urf;ao0yf<br />

a&;? usef;rma&;ESifh wkd;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;wdkUtwGuf BuD;Muyfa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyf&ef wm0efay;tyfcJhonf/ qD;edwftzGJUwGif<br />

vnf; tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm;? pmMunfhwkdufrSL;? bmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfvkyfa&;rSL;wkdY yg0if<br />

vmonf/

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkvdkeDacwfaESmif; - 1939 rS 1940 - e,fcsJYqefhusifa&; vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;AaqG<br />

(1940-41)<br />

qkd½S,fvpfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf zqyv Ouú| OD;AaqGyifjzpfonf/ 1915 ck xm;0,fc½kkdif?<br />

tkH;yif½GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ 1936 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúokdvfü ynmoifMum;avhvmonf/<br />

1937-38 ck wuo trIaqmiftzGJUwGif tkd;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/<br />

1938-39 ckESpfwGif wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½Gufonf/ Auo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;vnf;<br />

jzpfcJhNyD;? rauG;wGif a&eHajroydwform;rsm;tm; w&m;a[mpOf Ouú| ukdA[def;ESifYtwl zrf;qD;jcif; cHcJh&av<br />

onf/ 1300 jynfhta&;awmfykH acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpf\/<br />

1939-40 ckwGif wuúokdvfrS xGufí ae&yfokdY jyefaeonf/ 1940-41 ckwGif wuúokdvfokdY jyefvnfa&muf½Sdum<br />

Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&avonf/<br />

qmjrbl; tpD&ifcHpmwkdufzsufa&;twGuf qufvufvkyfaqmifcJYonf/ wuúokdvf tufOya' jyifqifa&;twGuf<br />

ta&;qkdcJhonf/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm; avsmhaygha&;twGuf awmif;qkdcJhonf/<br />

1941 ckESpf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;tm; armif;ESifxkwfa&;wGif yg0ifaqmif½GufcJh\/ *syefacwfwGif jynfolYta&;<br />

awmfykHygwD (,ck qkd½S,fvpfygwD) ukd vQKdU0SufpGmxlaxmifí uGefjrLepfygwD? ArmhwyfrawmfwkdYESifh yl;wGJum<br />

*syefqefYusifa&; vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifcJYonf/ zqyvtzGJUcsKyfukd zGJUpnf;cJYMuonf/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfjyD; 1947 ckESpfwGif zqyv twGif;a&;rSL;csKyftjzpf wm0ef,lcJYonf/ 1952 ckESpf rSpí EkdifiHawmf<br />

tpkd;&tzGJUwGif umuG,fa&;0efBuD;tjzpf aqmif½GufcJYNyD; 1956-57 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;<br />

aqmifcJhonf/ 1957-58 ckESpfwGif 'k-0efBuD;csKyf? umuG,fa&;ESifh Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;wm0efudk ,lcJh&m? zqyv<br />

tuJGxdyif jzpfonf/<br />

,ckzqyvtzGJUcsKyf Ouú|? qdk½S,fvpfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf? tm½Sqdk½S,fvpfuGefz&ifh Ouú|?<br />

wD,lpDbD tvkyform;tpnf;t½Hk;rsm;tzJGUcsKyf Ouú| tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf ½Sdayonf/ (tdk;a0)<br />

1963 Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJG ysufjym;NyD; aemufydkif;wGif tjcm;EdkifiHa&; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhtwl zrf;qD;xdrf;odrf;<br />

cH&onf/ 1966 atmufwdkbm (27) &ufwGif OD;EkESifh w&ufwnf; axmifrS vGwfajrmufvmonf/ 1968 ckESpf<br />

'DZifbm (2) &ufaeUwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDuzJGUaom (33) OD; jynfwGif;nDñGwfa&;tMuHay;tzJGUwGifyg0ifonf/<br />

OD;AaqGonf &efukefNrKdUwGif 1987 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif uG,fvGefonf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- pmvHk;tapmif;ESifh azmfjycsufrsm;onf aemufqHk;vuf½Sd tajctaetxd qufvufpkaqmif; a&;om;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

tifwmeuf- 0DuDyD'D,m / wyfrawmfordkif;-yÍörwJG? 1962-1974? pm-108/<br />

299

300<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;vSarmif<br />

(1941-42)<br />

rdwD¬vmZmwdNzpfonf/ 1273 ck? awmfovif;vqkwf (13) &ufaeYwGif zGm;jrifonf/ OD;oefY? a':rrwdkY\<br />

wwd,ajrmuf om;&wemjzpfonf/<br />

rEÅav;0ufpvD txufwef;ausmif; rdw¬DvmNrKdUtrsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhí rEÅav;<br />

Oypmaumvdyfü qufvufynmoifMum;cJh\/ 1932 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;aumvdyfrS Oypmtxufwef; atmifjrifNyD;<br />

1933 ckESpfwGif *syfqifaumvdyfü ynmqufvuf qnf;yl;cJhavonf/<br />

1936-37 ckESpfwGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&í EkdifiHwumwuúokdvfrsm;ESifh<br />

qufqHa&;tzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif&onf/ 1941-42 ckwGif wuo OuúVjzpfonf/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfonf ta½SUzsm;okdY ul;pufvmcJhonf/ 1941 ck? 'DZbFmv (8) &ufaeYwGif *syefu t*Fvdyftpkd;&<br />

tm; ppfaMunmojzifh &efukefwuúokdvfukd ydwfvkduf&onf/ wuo vkyfief;rsm;vnf; &yfqkdif;oGm;cJhav<br />

awmhonf/<br />

1951 ckESpfwGif w½kwfjynfolUor®wEkdifiHqkdif&m jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf oHtrwfBuD;tjzpfjzifh cefYtyfjcif;<br />

cH&í? 1958 ckESpfxd tpöa&;jynfqkdif&m jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf oHtrwfBuD;tjzpfjzifh EkdifiHawmfwm0efukd<br />

xrf;aqmifvsuf½Sdonf/ owkd;oD&dok"r®bGJU csD;jr§ifhjcif;cHcJh&ol jzpfonf/

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

'kwd,wGJ<br />

(1945 - 1962)<br />

301

302<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (10)<br />

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlUtcGifYta&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1945 rS 1947)<br />

(u) 1945 Mo*kwfvrS atmufwdkbmv ta&;ay:wuúodkvfoifwef;<br />

,m,D wuotrIaqmifaumfrwD<br />

udkpHuif; (aemif0efBuD;) Ouú|<br />

udkoef; 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkpdefjrarmif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkoef;aqG tdk;a0 (t,f'Dwm) (jrefrm)<br />

udkxGef;atmif tdk;a0 (t,f'Dwm) (t*Fvdyf)<br />

udkazpdef pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

udkvSaomf aygif;oif;qufqHa&;XmerSL;<br />

rcifMunf trsKd;orD;XmerSL;<br />

ppfBudKacwfu wuo\tpOftvmESifhtquftEG,fudk wuoOuú| OD;AaqGu ppfNyD;acwf yxrajrmuf<br />

wuo\ Ouú| udkoef;vufodkY vufqifhurf; ay;tyfcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwf wuo ay:aygufcsdefrSm ta&;BuD;í<br />

eufeJodrfarGUaom trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ tajctaersm; ay:aygufaecsdef jzpfygonf/ ausmif;om;xk<br />

tygt0if wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;udk tvdkvm;qHk; tcsdefvnf;jzpfonf/ 1946 wGif ta&;ay: wuúodkvf<br />

oifwef;rsm; zsufodrf;í &efukefwuúodkvf jyefvnf zGifhvSpfcJhonf/<br />

(u-1) 1945-46 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1945 ZGefvqef; 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;tNyD;wGif q&mBuD;OD;bu r*dkvrf;? &ef;a';&D;,m;ausmif; (,ck<br />

txu- 2? yef;bJwef;) wGif ta&;ay: ,m,Dwuúodkvfudk zGifhvSpfcJhonf/<br />

wuo a½G;aumufyGJ jyKvkyf&m ,refESpf wuo Ouú|a[mif; udkAaqG (1940-41) ESifh (1941-42)

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wuo Ouú|a[mif; udkvSarmif (OD;EkESifh 'kwd,urÇmppftNyD;rS jyefa&mufvmol) wdkYu BuD;rSL;í usif;yonf/<br />

udkoef; Ouú|<br />

udk[efwif 'k-Ouú|<br />

rjrjr aiGxdef;<br />

udkpdefjrarmif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkoef;aqG tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm<br />

rcifMunf trIaqmif<br />

udkvSaomf trIaqmif<br />

udkxGef;ñGefY trIaqmif<br />

udkarmif[def; (rif;ndKOD;) trIaqmif wdkY jzpfvmonf/<br />

(c) 1946-47 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

udkoef;armif (ol&d,) Ouú|<br />

udkoef;

304<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdk;í zqyv tzGJUcsKyfodkY jyefvnf ay;ydkYcJhonf/ Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtwGif; zqyvtzGJUBuD;\ vrf;pOfudk<br />

rrSdwfrokef axmufcHí tNyD;owf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJudkyg yg0ifqifETJrnf[k y#dnmOfay;jcif;udk zqyvrS aus;Zl;<br />

wifí wuotm; vlxku *kPfjyKtyfaom tzGJUjzpfaMumif; zqyvtzGJUcsKyfBuD;u rSwfwrf;wifaMumif;udk av;pm;pGm<br />

taMumif;jyefcJhonf/<br />

vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf<br />

(1) vGwfvyfa&;wnfjrJa&;<br />

(2) wdkif;jynfwdk;wufa&;<br />

(3) vlxkcsrf;oma&; wdkYudk qufvufaqmif½Guf&mwGif a½S;,cifuuJhodkYyif y#dnmOfudk zqyvtzGJUcsKyfxH<br />

ay;ydkYcJhonf/ y#dnmOfcHtzGJUtjzpf qufvufy#dnmOfjyK&ef zqyvtzGJUcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;AaqG vufrSwf<br />

a&;xdk; arwåm&yfcHonf/<br />

(c-2) wuo pnf;rsOf;jyifqifjcif;<br />

1946-47 ckESpf? ppfNyD;acwf wuo\ 'kwd,ajrmuftrIaqmif aumfrwDOuú| udkoef;armif vufxufwGif<br />

ppfBudKacwf wuopnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (10)? tydk'f (3) udk acwåxkwfy,fxm;&onf/ 1946 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv<br />

(7) &ufaeYwGif wuo pnf;rsOf;Oya'tcef; (12)? tydk'f (6)? tydk'fcGJ (2) t& txl;tvkyftpnf;a0;yGJ (Extra<br />

Ordinary Business Meeting) ac:,lí wuopnf;rsOf;udk jyifqifay;cJhonf/<br />

¤if;wuopnf;rsOf; Oya' tcef; (10)? tydk'f (3) wGif wuotoif;0iftjzpf tenf;qHk; (1) ESpf yg0if<br />

zl;NyD; wuúodkvfwGif ynmoifqJausmif;om;rsm;omvQif wuo trIaqmifaumfrwD0iftjzpf ta½G;cHcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

¤if;udk jyifqifvdkufaomtcg wuúodkvfü ynmoifMum;vsuf½Sdaom ausmif;om;wdkif; wuo trIaqmifaumfrwD0if<br />

tjzpf ta½G;cHcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

(c-3) 1946-47ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;<br />

1946 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeUzqyvtzGJUrS Auyudk rxkwfrDyif Auyonf ausmif;om;rsm;ukd<br />

EdkifiHa&;wGif wwyfwtm; yg0ifap&ef uvmyfpnf;rsm;udk tBudKwuúodkvfoifwef;ESifh ta&;ay:wuúodkvfoifwef;<br />

wdkYwGif zJGUpnf;ay;onf/ tBudKwuúodkvfwGif udknDnD? udkpHvGif? udkay:OD; wdkUyg0ifaom uvmyfpnf;ESifh ta&;ay:<br />

wuúodkvfoifwef;rsm;wGif udkoef;xGef;? udkxGef;a½T? udkcifarmifBuD;wdkU yg0ifaom uvmyfpnf;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh<br />

onf/ xdkUaemuf zqyvESifh AuywdkUonf ausmif;om;rsm;udk tNydKiftqdkif vIHUaqmfpnf;½Hk;cJhMuonf/ 1947 ck<br />

ESpfOD;ydkif;wGif wuotaqmuftODü zqyvrS OD;udkudkBuD;ESifh q&m&m*sefwdkUu ¤if;wuúodkvff ausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

EdkifiHa&; oifwef;ay;cJhonf/<br />

1946 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif &uoOuú| udkoef;xGef;u t,f'Dwm? &uorS udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) u wm0efcH<br />

xkwfa0aom ]ausmif;om;[pfwdkif} owif;pmapmif xGufvmonf/ txl;ojzifh xdkpmapmifwGif 'dkareD,H paw;wyfpf<br />

(ac:) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh? ausmif;om;ESifh EdkifiHa&; oabmxm;rsm;udk tjyif;txef a0zefa&;om;xm;onf/<br />

AuotrIaqmifrsm;udkvnf; wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifaom nDvmcHu a½G;aumuf<br />

wifajr§mufjcif; r[kwfí ausmif;om;xk qE´rygí ausmif;om;nDvmcH ac:,lusif;yNyD; Auo trIaqmifopf<br />

a½G;cs,f wifajr§muf&ef tjyif;txef awmif;qdkavonf/ rEÅav;NrdKUwGif zGJUpnf;cJhaom txufAuouvnf; &uo<br />

\ ausmif;om;owif;yg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk axmufcHí ausmif;om;nDvmcH ac:ay;&ef awmif;qdkavonf/<br />

ausmif;om;nDvmcHwGif-<br />

(1) ynma&;<br />

(2) trsKd;om;a&;<br />

(3) jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;<br />

(4) Auo tkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;opf a&;qGJa&;ESifh trIaqmifopfa½G;cs,fa&; [laom tydkif;BuD; (4) ydkif;<br />

xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;&ef &uoESifh txuf Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;u awmif;qdkcJhonf/ trsKd;om;a&;wGif zqyvudk<br />

axmufcH&ef vli,fwyfOD;ESifh tvkyform;? v,form;udpörsm;wGif tultnDay;&efESifh yl;aygif;&efwdkUudk azmfjyxm;<br />

onf/ þodkY tjyif;txef awmif;qdkrIaMumifh AuoXmecsKyfu BuD;rSL;í ausmif;om;nDvmcHudk 1946 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv<br />

(28) &ufrS Mo*kwfv (1) &ufaeUxd usif;ycJhonf/ udkoef;xGef;tm; AuoOuú|tjzpf a½G;cs,f wifajr§mufcJhavonf/

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

Auo\ trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeUudk zqyvESifh yl;aygif;rusif;ybJ pifNydKif aeol&defZmwf½HkBuD;ü usif;y&m<br />

wyfeD? trsKd;orD; uGef*&ufpaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm; wufa&mufMuonf/ xdktrsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYü awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

(7) csuf wifoGif;cJhonf/ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

1/ (u) rlvwef;ESifh rlvwef;vGefausmif;? taqmuftODrsm;udk vHkkavmufpGm aqmufvkyfay;&ef? ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aom<br />

taqmuftODrsm;udktjrefqHk; jyif&ef?<br />

(c) ausmif;oHk;ypönf;rsm;? "gwkkaA'? ud&d,m wefqmyvmrsm;udk vHkavmufpGm ausmif;wdkif;wGif xm;½Sday;&efESifh<br />

wu,fwef; qif;&Jaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; oufqdkif&m tpdk;&rS t0wftpm; tcrJh xkwfay;&ef?<br />

(*) ynmydkif;qdkif&m taqmuftODrsm;rS ppfwyfrsm;ESifh tpdk;&Xmersm;udk 1946 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (31) &ufaeUtwGif;<br />

>cif;csufr½Sd tjrefqHkk; ½kwfodrf;&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;q&mrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;tzGJU-<br />

(u) tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif; ausmif;wdkif;wGif t&nftcsif;jynfhq&mrsm; OD;a&trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf wdk;csJUí<br />

wESpfywfvHk; cefYxm;&ef?<br />

(c) ausmif;wdkif;wGif t&nftcsif;jynfh avmu"gwfynmoif q&m (1) OD; tenf;qHk; cefYxm;&ef?<br />

(*) ausmif;rsm;wGif pma&;? '&0rfrS pí ausmif;0efxrf;tzGJUudk vHkavmufpGm cefYxm;&ef?<br />

(C) rlvwef;vGef ausmif;q&mrsm;\ vpmEIef;udk txufwef;ausmif;q&mrsm;\ vpmEIef;twdkif; tjref<br />

qHk; jyefvnf owfrSwfxkwfay;&ef?<br />

3/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf? cJwH? rifwH ponfwdkYudk tpdk;&ynma&;XmerS vHkavmufpGm rSm,lí tzdk;csKdomaom<br />

EIef;xm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd ausmif;wdkif;ausmif;wdkif;odkU vHkavmufpGm enf;pepfwus jzefYcsd&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0if wGJzuftkyfcsKyfcGifhay;&ef?<br />

5/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ jyifqifa&; (1) ESpfoifwef;udk rlvwef;vGef ausmif;wdkif;wGif wGJvsufzGifhay;&ef?<br />

6/ rlvwef; roifrae& tcvGwfynmoifMum;a&;udk a'oEÅ&qdkif&m toufarG;0rf;ausmif; tajccHvufrI<br />

ynm&yfrsm;ESifh wGJzufynm oifMum;ay;&efwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

1/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ pmppfXmersm;udk 'DpBwdwfNrdKUwdkif;wGif wdk;csJUay;&ef?<br />

2/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ0ifcEIef;udk avQmhayghí aiG 10d^- owfrSwf&ef?<br />

3/ tpdk;&ppf jrefrmtxufwef;pmar;yGJatmifjrifolrsm;udk wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwGif t*Fvdyfpm wbmomwnf;<br />

0ifa&muf ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

4/ rEÅav;NrdKUwGif 'D*&Daumvdyf wckzGifhay;&ef?<br />

5/ &efukefwuúodkvf\ vufatmufcH aumvdyfausmif;rsm;? pdkufysKd;a&;aumvdyf? tif*sifeD,m aumvdyfwdkUudkk<br />

vsifjrefpGm jyefvnfzGifhvSpf&efwdkYjzpfonf/<br />

txufyg (11) csufudk 1947 ckeSpf? Zefe0g&Dv (15) &uf aemufqHk;xm;í jyefMum;jcif; r½SdcJhvQif<br />

Zefe0g&Dv (20) &ufaeYwGif ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm; wnDwñGwfwnf; oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfNyD;aMumif;<br />

yg½Sdonf/ 1947 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (20) &ufaeUwGif AuorS BuD;rSL;í wEdkifiHvkH;½Sd ausmif;rsm; oydwfarSmufonf/<br />

Auo? wuo? &uo wdkYrS wzGJUvQif udk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;pDyg0ifaom oydwfarSmufaumifpDudk zGJUpnf;í<br />

ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;udk pepfwus OD;aqmifrI ay;cJhonf/<br />

(*) AuoESifh wuo yl;aygif;xm;aom ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&moydwfaumifpD (1947)<br />

xdkaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk wuo taqmuftODwGif usif;yavonf/ AuowGif uGefjrLepfygwDESifh<br />

eD;pyfolrsm; ae&m&xm;onf/<br />

AuowGifudkoef;xGef;<br />

Ouú| (aemif ordkif;ygarmu© a'gufwmoef;xGef;)<br />

udkxGef;ñGefY 'k-Ouú| (aemif taumufcGefñTefMum;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkoeff;xGef;udk e,fudk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUar;jref;&m uGefjrLepfygwD0ifjzpfaMumif; ajymcJhonf/<br />

wuowGif qdk½S,fvpfygwDESifheD;pyfolrsm; acgif;aqmifrI&xm;NyD;? uGefjrLepfygwDESifh eD;pyfolrsm;vnf;<br />

305

306<br />

1947 AuoOuú| udkoef;xGef;<br />

(aemif a'gufwmoef;xGef;)<br />

Source: Self-portrait (Dr. Than Tun's)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUwGif yg0ifonf/ jyifyrS OD;aqmifygwDBuD;rsm;\ t½Sdeft0gonf<br />

A[dkausmif;om;tzGJUwGif vma&muf xif[yfaejcif;jzpfonf/<br />

zufqpfawmfvSefa&; tNyD;? NAdwdoQe,fcsJU Armjynf 0ifvmaomtcgwGif<br />

e,fcsJUya,m*? oabmw&m; t,ltquGJ&mrS zqyvwGifyg vuf0JnDñGwfa&;<br />

NydKuGJvmonf/ xdktuGJtjyJonf vlwef;pm; toD;oD;odkU BuD;rm;pGm *,uf½kdufNyD;<br />

A[dkrS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; eD;pyf&m ygwDtvdkuf uGJaeMuonf/<br />

AuonDvmcHwGif wnDwñGwfwnf;owfrSwfcJhonfh oydwfarSmuf&ef &uf<br />

uwrsKd;? wuou oD;jcm;&uf owfrSwfí oydwfarSmuf&ef &ufu wrsKd;jzpf<br />

aeonf/ þuJhodkU ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; rNydKuGJ&ef ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m oydwf<br />

arSmufaumifpD (A.B.B.C) udk yl;aygif;zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

e,fausmif;om;rsm;onf Auopnf;½kH;a&; cGiftwGif;rS jzpfí wuo<br />

pnf;½kH;a&;cGifonf &efukefwuúodkvf omjzpfonf[k ,lqxm;onf/<br />

nDvmcH pwifusif;yaomtcg AuoOuú| obmywd udkoef;xGef;u<br />

ausmif; om;oydwf tajctae? EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m oydwfarSmufaumifpD zGJU&aom taMumif;&if;? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;<br />

twGuf vuf½Sd Auo trIaqmif tzGJUEkwfxGufay;rnf jzpfaMumif;? Auo trIaqmiftzGJU jyefvnfa½G;cs,f&efwdkkYudk<br />

½Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ aqG;aEG;yGJudk &efukefNrdKUjynfvrf;½Sd tvGwfynmoifausmif; zGifhvSpfxm;aom OD;vSjrwfpdk;\<br />

wdkufatmufxyfwGif jyKvkyfonf/<br />

AuonDvmcHudk tqdkyg wdkufatmufxyfwGif usif;yonf/ udkoef;xGef;onf pum;ajym&mwGif cyfjywfjywf<br />

eJY bkusyHkvnf;&onf/ ¤if;ajymqdkk aqG;aEG;rIrsm;t& owdå½Sd½SdESifh cyfjywfjywfvkyfrnfh yHkay:avonf/ tjyeftvSef<br />

vQKdU 0SufaqG;aEG;rIrsm; nd§EIdif;NyD;aemufwGif udkoef;xGef;udk AuoOuú| tjzpfwif&ef qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/ usefwzufrS<br />

vnf; udkoef;armifukdwifonf/ tiftm;pk (2) ck tm;NydKifyGJ jzpfonf/ rJcGJqHk;jzwf&ef jzpfvmonf/ þwGif rnfolawG<br />

rJay;EdkifcGifh½Sdonf[laom jyóem ay:vmonf/<br />

c½kdifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk rJay;cGifhjyK&ef? &efukefc½dkifudkvnf; tjcm;c½kdif udk,fpm;vS,frsm; enf;wl rJay;<br />

cGifhjyK&efwdkYudk wifjy aqG;aEG;Muonf/<br />

udkoef;armifwdkYzufrS &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo) Ouú|u &efukefNrdKUay:½Sd ausmif;toD;oD;rS<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkyg rJay;cGifhjyK&ef pDpOfavonf/ &efukefNrdKUay:½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;udkyg rJay;cGihfjyKygu c½kdifrsm;tzdkY wlnDaom rJr&ouJhodkU jzpfaeayonf/ aemufqHk;wGif nDvmcH wufcGifh&<br />

aom udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk; rJay;cGifhjyK&ef? ajAmifrJay;&ef qHk;jzwfavonf/ &efukefNrdKUay:rS wufvmaom ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; rJjzifh udkoef;armif Ouú|tjzpf ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

nDvmcHwGif tkyfpk (uGJ) jyóem xdyfwef; a&mufvmonf/ ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;ü uGefjrLepfygwDESifh<br />

qdk½S,fvpfygwD tm;NydKifrIrsm; jzpfcJhavonf/ aemufqHk;wGif e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ qE´t&vnf;aumif;? tkyfpk<br />

taetxm; t&vnf;aumif;? AuoOD;aqmifrI awmifhwif;vmap&ef twGufvnf;aumif;? vuf½Sdtajctae xdef;<br />

odrf;&ef twGufvnf;aumif; useftrIaqmifrsm;udk tkyfpk (2) pk cGJí wm0ef,lcJhavonf/<br />

(C) ta&G;cH&aom Auo trIaqmiftzGJU (1946-47)<br />

udkoef;armif Ouú|<br />

udkoef; 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkpdefvS taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

rcifEkEk trsKd;orD;XmerSL;<br />

udkoef;ñGefY trIaqmifrsm;<br />

(C-1) Auo nDvmcH (1946-47) rS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

ynma&;XmeodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm<br />

1/ wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJwGif ar;cGef;pm½Gufrsm;udk jrefrmbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aom ar;cGef;pm½Gufrsm;yg

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

xm;½dSay;&ef/<br />

2/ ,ckESpfrS tpjyKí pmar;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfaomtcg pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm;udk rdrdwdkYa'otvdkuf oif&aom pm<br />

tqifhtwef; twdkif;om oufqdkif&mynma&;Xme tmPmydkifrsm;u tpdk;&ppfpmar;yGJrsm;wGif xkwfppfEdkifrI<br />

twGuf pDpOfay;yg&ef/<br />

3/ ,ckvuf½Sd tajctaet& tpdk;&todtrSwfrjyKaom rlvwef;ausmif; (ig;wef;ausmif;) rsm;rS ausmif;<br />

om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; tpdk;&todtrSwfjyKaom rlvwef;pmar;yGJ (ig;wef;pmar;yGJ) wGif 0ifa&mufajzqdk<br />

cGifhjyK&ef/<br />

4/ ,ckoydwfvSefaomtcg tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif;ESifh wuo rnfonfhausmif;wdkif;urqdk oydwfarSmufausmif;<br />

om;rsm;tm; vHk;0ta&;r,l&ef/<br />

trsKd;om;a&;tqdk (5) &yfrSm<br />

1/ uREkfyfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;tm; vufeufudkif ykefuefxcif;csufr½Sd vHk;0axmufcHí atmifjrifa&;twGuf xda&mufpGm<br />

ulnDtm;ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; yg½Sdonf/<br />

(i) oxHkrD;yGm; eH&Huyfpmapmif (1946-47)<br />

jyifywGifa&m wuúodkvf0if;twGif;yg ]wESpftwGif; vGwfvyfa&;&rnf} [laom a

308<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

onf waomif;xdkufuyif Mum;tHhxifonf/<br />

oxHkrD;yGm;onf ppfrjzpfcifuyif e,fcsJUudkqefUusifcJhaom oxHkausmif;om;rsm;\ vufeufud&d,mwck<br />

jzpf\/ xdktcsdefu oxHkrD;yGm;udk udkA[def;u OD;pD;xkwfa0 cJhavonf/ ,if;udk tpGJjyK*kPfjyKí &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

oxHkaqmif pmzwfESifh o[m,toif;u OD;pD;NyD; oxHkrD;yGm; eH&Huyfpmapmifudk ppfNyD;acwfwuúodkvfwGif yxrqHk;<br />

eH&Huyfpmapmiftjzpf xkwfa0cJhonf/ oxHkaqmif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;u wm0efcHt,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif½Gufonf/<br />

oxHkrD;yGm;\ t"du&nf½G,fcsufrSm wESpftwGif;vGwfvyfa&;&½Sd&efESifh e,fcsJUorm;\ wvrf;oGm;ynma&;<br />

udk OD;wnf wdkufcdkuf&efjzpfonf/ oxHkrD;yGm;[laom pmvHk;udk teDa&mifaq;jzifh jc,fxm;\/ oxHkrD;yGm;\ t"du<br />

tcef;onf acgif;BuD;ydkif; jzpfonf/ uAsmaqmif;yg;ESifh oa&mfpmrsm;rSmvnf; tqifhtwef;redrfhvSojzifh wuúodkvf<br />

e,fajrü xdktcsdefu xkwfa0orQ eH&Huyfpmapmifrsm;wGif emrnftBuD;qHk;ESifh vlBudKuftrsm;qHk;jzpfonf/<br />

(p) oxHkrD;yGm; qkwfjzJcH&jcif;<br />

oxkHrD;yGm;onf 1946 ckESpf rS 1950 ckESpftwGif; (3) Budrf tqkwfjzJcH&onf/ tcGmcH&jcif;wdkY jzpfonf/<br />

oxHkrD;yGm;onf yk*¾dKvfa&;udk t"du rxm;bJ "r®"d|mefusus a0zefa&;om;cJhrI? rnfolUudkrS rykwfcwf pGyfpGJjcif;rsm;<br />

r½SdrIaMumihf trsm;tusKd;½Sdrnf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; tusKd;½Sdrnfqdkygu t,f'DwmtzGJU0ifrsm; taeESifh<br />

rnfolUudkrQ axmufxm;jcif;rjyKbJ wdkif;jynftwGuf &uf&ufpufpuf a0zefjypfwif ½Iwfcs&Jonf/<br />

oxHkrD;yGm; (y) tBudrf tcGmcH&jcif;rSm q&mwOD;ESifh q&mrwOD;\ tjyKtrludk ausmif;om;rsm;u twkcdk;<br />

oGm;rnfpdk;í a0zefa&;om;cJhojzifh pmapmifuyfNyD; em&D0uftwGif; aysmufjcif;rvS aysmufoGm;onf/ odkY&mwGif t<br />

od½Sdol ausmif;om;wOD;\ owif;ay;csuft& xdkpmapmifudk csufjcif; jyef&avonf/ qkwfcGmol q&mtaejzifhvnf;<br />

olUtrSm;udk 0efcHcJhavonf/ xdkq&mESifh q&mrwdkUonf toufxufqHk; aysmf½TifpGm aygif;oif; aexdkifMuonf/<br />

('k) tBudrf tcGmcH&jcif;rSm oxHHkaqmifom; ]Zifojym} qdkaom aqmif;yg;½Sifu tif;vsm;aqmifu<br />

wifquf ujyaom jyZmwfudk a0zefcJhrIaMumifhjzpfonf/ jyZmwfavmuudk pdwf0ifpm;aom ynm½Sifq&mwOD;u<br />

xdkjyZmwfudk a0zefaom aqmif;yg;onf tqifhtwef; tjrifhqHk;aom a0zefa&; aqmif;yg;wck jzpfojzifh eH&Huyf<br />

pmapmifrSmxuf yHkESdyfxkwfa0aom owif;pm? r*¾Zif;rsm;wGifom ygoifhonf[k a&;xm;aom aqmif;yg;jzpfonf/<br />

vef'efrS xkwfa0aom ]]wdkif;}} owif;pmwGif ygonfhjyZmwf a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;rsm;ESifh wef;wl&nfwl jzpfonf[k<br />

csD;rGrf;cJhonf/ tif;vsm;aqmifjyZmwfrSm trsm;arQmfvifhxm;aom jyZmwfjzpfaomfvnf; ]vlbdkifpukwf} tqifhwef;<br />

avmufom½Sdonf[k jyZmwfyDo&ef rnfodkY jyKjyifoifhaMumif; apwemoefYoefYjzifh a0zefjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf<br />

tif;vsm;olrsm;u BudK;pm;rIudk zsufvdkzsufpD;vkyfonf[k txifa&mufNyD; ¤if;wdkU bufawmfom;rsm; vufcsufudk<br />

rqdkif;rwG cHvdkuf&onf/<br />

(w) tBudrf tcGmcH&rIrSm wuúodkvfordkif; tqufqufwGif ajymifajrmufcJhaom oxkHrD;yGm;udk jrefrmjynf<br />

ordkif;wGifyif rSwfwrf;wif&rnfh tajctae a&mufcJhavonf/ AdkvfcsKyfwdkY vkyfMuHcH&csdefwGif owif;pmrsm;u<br />

*VKefOD;apmESifh taygif;tygrsm;udk vufpm;acs&efom a&;om;xm;avonf/ odkY&mwGif rnfonfh owif;pmurQ<br />

*VKefOD;apmaemufu BudK;qGJaeaom? vufeufrsm; xkwfay;aeaom? vGwfvyfa&;udk qdkif;iHhoGm;apvdkaom e,fcsJU<br />

t*Fvdyfudk rjrifMubJ rsufajcjywfrI a'gotarSmifaMumifh &efoltppfudk rjrif&bJ ½Sdaeonf/ xdktcsdefwGif wuúodkvfü<br />

ausmif;om;opfrsm; ra&mufao;aom tcsdefvnf; jzpfonf/ oxHkrD;yGm;pmapmifonf w&m;cHtppfukd az:xkwf&ef<br />

*VKefOD;apmESifh taygif;tygudk rnfolu vufeuf ay;oenf;? tif;vsm;uefxJrS þrQrsm;jym;vSaom b&if;*ef;rsm;udk<br />

uyÜwdeftqifh½Sdolu olUoabm wckwnf;ESifh xkwfay;Edkifoavm ponfh uGif;qufrsm;udk qufpyf,lum EdkifiHawmf\<br />

0rf;enf;rItaejzifh oxHkrD;yGm; acgif;BuD;ydkif;udk teufa&mifcs,foNyD;<br />

]AdkvfcsKyfudk owfolw&m;cHtppf b,folvJ} [k acgif;pOfwyfí vufeuftrsm;tjym; xkwfay;cJhonfh<br />

e,fcsJUom w&m;cHjzpfonf/ OD;apmonf vufudkifwkwf vlowform;omjzpfojzifh ]t"du&efoludk rsufajcrjywfoifh}<br />

[k ajymifajrmufpGm &J&J0Hh0Hha&;om;NyD; tBudrfBudrf pdppfjyifqifí yxrqHkk; &efoltppfudk az:xkwfcJhavonf/<br />

puúL½Guf r½Sdaom oxHkrD;yGm;\ tmabmfonf wuúodkvfe,fajromru jyify owif;pmavmuodkUyif<br />

ysUHESYHcJh\/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;wdkif; av;pm;cJhojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ tqkwftcGmuif;aomfvnf; oxHkrD;yGm;onf<br />

tmPmydkifwdkU\ vufcsufrdum qkwfcGmcH&onf/<br />

]]xdktmPmydkifrsm;um; wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;}} r[kwfacs/

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(q) oHrPdwyfESifh ausmif;om;wyfOD; (1947)<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> OD;aqmifrIatmuf½Sd ausmif;om;wyfzGJUudk ppfBudKacwfutwdkif; oHrPdwyfzGJU&ef (odkU)<br />

ausmif;om;wyfOD;[k zGJU&ef wuoü tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

]]ausmif;om;wyfOD;}} [k trnfcH&ef rJcGJqHk;jzwfonf/<br />

¤if;wyfzGJUtwGuf zGJUpnf;yHk? wHqdyfrsm;a&;qGJ&ef AuotrIaqmifodkUwifjycJhonf/<br />

¤if;ESpfrwdkifrDu Adkvfarmifuav;udk &efukefwuúodkvf oHrPdwyf jyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&;twGuf OD;aqmifrI<br />

jyKyg&ef wuf

310<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

taESmifht,Suf jzpfapovdk? AdkvfcsKyftpdk;&udk qefYusif&m a&mufapovdk ajymum vGwfvyfa&;? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;<br />

ponfwdkYESifh udkifaygufMuonf/ oydwfarSmuf&ef pOf;pm;cJhpOfu trsKd;om;a&;twGuf? ynma&; vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf<br />

oydwfarSmufcJhonf/<br />

AuoOuú| udkoef;armifESifh &uoOuú| udkoef;

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;oef;<br />

(1945-46)<br />

'kwd, urÇmppfBuD;tNyD;? 1945-ckESpfwGif? &efukefNrdKU r*dkvrf;ü zGifhvSpfcJhaom ta&;ay:wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>\ Ouú|jzpfonf/ 1946-ckESpf? &efukefwuúodkvf jyefvnf zGifhvSpfaomtcgü ta&;ay:<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>udk wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>tjzpf todtrSwfjyK&ef ausmif;om;xku qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

odkY jzpfí ODoef;tm; ppfNyD;acwf wuo\ yxrqHk; Ouú|tjzpf todtrSwfjyK&onf/<br />

OD;oef;onf &efukefNrdKU odrfjzLawmifydkif;wGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/ 10-wef; pmar;yGJudk &efukefNrdKU pdef*Ref;a,mufsm;<br />

uav;ausmif;rS 1939-ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhonf/ wuúodkvfodkY qufvuf ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1945-ck<br />

ta&;ay:wuúodkvfrsm; (Emergency University Classes) odkY wufa&mufí 0dZÆm tydkif; (u) wGif<br />

qufvuf ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1945-46 ta&;ay: wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| tjzpf a½G;aumuf<br />

wifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/<br />

1946-ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHü trsKd;om;vIyf½Sm;rIBuD;rsm; ay:aygufcJhonf/ 1946 taxGaxGoydwfBuD;wGif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufcJhonf? uif;bJvfynma&; pDrHudef;zsufodrf;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ *syefacwf<br />

'D*&DbGJUrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK&ef vkyfaqmifay;cJhonf/ tBudKwuúodkvfoifwef; (Pre University) rS oifwef;<br />

atmifolrsm; wuúodkvfqufvufoifMum;Edkif&ef aqmif½Gufay;cJhonf/ t*FvdyfESifh r[mrdwfppfwyfrsm;<br />

odrf;ydkufxm;aom wuúodkvfe,fajrudk jyef&atmif aqmif½Gufay;cJhonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,frsm; tpnf;<br />

t½Hk; tultnDjzifh wjynfvHk; ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;um Auo? &uo wdkYudk jyefvnfzGJYpnf; ay;cJhonf/<br />

OD;oef;onf ,ck tvGwfynmoif ausmif;q&mwOD;tjzpfjzifh ynma&;twGuf wzufwvrf;rS aqmif½Guf<br />

vsuf½SdNyD;? EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJUrsm;wGif yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif; r½Sdacs/<br />

311

312<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;oef;armif (ol&d,)<br />

(1946-47)<br />

rEÅav;NrdKUZmwd? rEÅav;ol&d, OD;xGef;&if\ om;jzpfonf/ 10-wef;pmar;yGJudk rEÅav;NrdKU A[dktrsdK;om;<br />

txufwef;ausmif;rS 1939 ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhNyD;? &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvufynmoifMum;onf/ 1941<br />

ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/<br />

1947 ckESpfwGif wjynfvHk; ausmif;om;oydwf ay:aygufcJh&m? &efukefwuúodkvfonf ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfwGif<br />

yg0ifcJhonf/ t*FvdyfESifh r[mrdwf ppfwyfrsm; odrf;ydkufxm;aom &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODudk<br />

jyefvnf&½SdcJhonf/ wuúodkvftaqmuftOD tcsKdUwGif usefaeao;aom t*Fvdyfppfwyfrsm; tm;vHk;udk z,f½Sm;<br />

ay;onf/<br />

EdkifiHjcm; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh tquftoG,f &cJhonf/ 1947 ck arvwGif tdE´d,jynf r'&yfNrdKUü usif;yaom<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;0efxrf; (International Student Service) tm½SuGefz&ifh? 1947 ck ZGefvwGif<br />

'def;rwfjynfü usif;yaom urÇmh ausmif;om;0efxrf; urÇmvHk;qdkif&m uGefz&ifhrsm;odkY wufa&mufcJhonf/<br />

1947 Zlvdkifv csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;jynfwGif usif;yaom yxrtBudrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;vli,f<br />

yGJawmfodkU wufa&mufcJhNyD;? urÇmUausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (International Union of Students) ESifh qufoG,f<br />

cJhonf/ urÇmUausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>aumifpD tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhonf/<br />

ODoef;armifonf ,ck rEÅav; ol&d,aeYpOfowif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf aqmif½Gufaeonf/

Source: YU History (Diamond Jubilee) Source: YU History (Diamond Jubilee)<br />

Source: File Photo<br />

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1945 rS 1947 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

*syefacwfwGif zGifhvSpfcJUonfU &efukefwuúodkvf (,ck txu- 2? vom)<br />

txuf- ppfNyD;p ta&;ay:wuúodkvf zGifhvSpfcJhonfU &ef;a';&D;,m; taqmufttHk (,ck txu- 2? yef;bJwef;)<br />

atmuf- ppfNyD;p &efukefwuúodkvf tay:pD;rS jrifuGif;<br />

313

314<br />

(u) 1947-48 Auo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkxGef;ñGefY Ouú| (,refESpf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;)<br />

udkwifa½T taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (&Jabmfcsrf;at;)<br />

udkcspfoef; trIaqmif<br />

a':i,fi,fpdef trsKd;orD;XmerSL;<br />

(c) 1947-48 ynmoifESpf a[majymyGJrsm;<br />

tcef; (11)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1948 rS 1949)<br />

&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>taeESifh ]qdk½S,fvpf0g'qdkwm bmvJ} [k a[majym&ef qdk½S,fvpfygwDodkY<br />

vnf;aumif;? ]uGefjrLepf0g'qdkwm bmvJ} [ka[majym&ef uGefjrLepfygwDodkUvnf;aumif; zdwfMum; a[majymap<br />

cJhonf/<br />

uGefjrLepfygwDuom vufcHí ocifoef;NrdKif? ocifwifxGef;? &JabmfatmifBuD;wdkY wufa&mufí a[majym<br />

cJhonf/ qdk½S,fvpfygwDu xdktpDtpOfudk c½dkiftoif;wcku r[kwfbJ wuouJhodkYaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u vkyfoifh<br />

aMumif; tMuHay; ajymMum;í c½kdiftoif; zdwfMum;csufudk jiif;y,fvdkufonf/<br />

a[majymyGJudk bDtdkpDaumvdyf pmoifcef; naeydkif;wGif ûyvkyf&onf/ a[majymyGJ rdk;csKyfvkeD;rS NyD;onf/<br />

þa[majymyGJ jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf wuorS BuD;rSL;í atmifqef;-tufwvDpmcsKyfESifh ywfoufNyD; ½Sif;vif;a[majymyGJ<br />

wck pDpOfonf/ uGefjrLepfygwDESifh zqyvwdkY qHkí ½Sif;vif;a[majymcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ yxraeUwGif uGefjrLepfygwD<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vnf;aumif;? 'kwd,aeYwGif zqyvrS vma&muf½Sif;vif; ajzMum;onf/ wuocef;r usOf;aeí<br />

*syfqifcef;rü jyKvkyfonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(*) 1948-49 Auo tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

Auo nDvmcHusif;yaomtcg trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; uGefjrLepfygwDtEG,frsm; ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

1/ udkoef; Ouú| (wuo Ouú|a[mif;)<br />

2/ udkvS0if; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (aemif ñTefrSL;tqifhjrifhynm)<br />

3/ udkat;armif trIaqmifrsm; (aemif ñTefrSL; orOD;pD;)<br />

4/ udkbaumif; (aemif ausmif;om;a&;&mtajccHynm)<br />

5/ udknDnD (aemif pma&;q&mvif;,kefeD)<br />

6/ udkcspfoef;xGef; (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a&SUae)<br />

7/ udktkef;NrdKif (aemif OD;aqmifñTefrª; pm;^axG)<br />

8/ udkcspfarmif (aemif b@ma&;ESihf pDrHudef; 'k0efBuD;)<br />

9/ udkausmfatmif (aemif wuúodkvfbmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;<br />

pmwnf;rSL;? pma&;q&mausmfatmif)<br />

10/ udkwifa½T (&Jabmfcsrf;at;? pma&;q&marmifpl;prf;)<br />

11/ udkpHvGif<br />

12/ udkapmvGif<br />

13/ udkÓPfcspf (a'gufwmOmPfcspf)<br />

14/ udkatmifodef; (&Jabmfa0vif;? tvkyform;OD;pD;Xme)<br />

xdkAuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHtwGif; jzpfay:ajymif;vJvmaom EdkifiHa&;ESifhtwl txl;wuf

316<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; yl;aygif; zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ oufomacsmifcsda&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItay: tajccHonf/ urÇmhausmif;om;<br />

tzGJU jrefrmEdkifiHaumfrwDudk wuorS OD;pD;í zGJUpnf;&onf/ aumfrwD0ifrsm;tjzpf obmywdwOD;? 'kwd, obmywd<br />

wOD;? b@ma&;rSL;wOD;? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;wOD; xm;½SdNyD; trIaqmifaumfrwD0if OD;a&udk oifhavsmfovdk<br />

cefYxm;Edkifonf/<br />

(C-2) 1947-48 tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;rsm;<br />

acwfqef;<br />

olYEIwfrSmwJh ..... vGwfvyfNyD?<br />

ighEIwfrSmwJh ..... vGwfvyfNyD/<br />

jynftvHk;rSmjzifh<br />

oDuHk;um xdkonfaw;udkrS?<br />

csKd{pGm om,musL;ygvdkY?<br />

jrL;wifh[efcsD/<br />

ta½SUcGif arQmfumrSef;avawmh?<br />

,aeUyif ay:vmxGef;ayxifh?<br />

½Tef;a0qifh vif;a&mifjcnf?<br />

Munfygayh ..... tdk ..... ½Iprf;/<br />

odkY csdefjrwfwGifrS?<br />

xlxyfum omapaMumif;ayy?<br />

aumif;NzdK;a0 atmifvHvTifhygvdkY?<br />

a'gif;tdk;a0 ac:oHqifhw,f?<br />

ckjzifh acwfqef;/<br />

ndK0if;<br />

&Jabmf . . . . csD;usL;ygonf (0if;OD;)<br />

oif\toufonf i,fvSygao;onf? t½G,fonf EkvSygao;onf/ odkYaomf .....<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oifonf rsufawmifarG;wqHk;udkom rMunfh? t½Snf½Iojzifh oifhudk csD;usL;yg\/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oifhtusKd;aumif;rIudkom rvdkvm;bJ trsm;twGuf tepfemcH&ef toifh½Sdí oif\ jrifhjrwfaom<br />

pdwf"gwfudk av;pm;pGm csD;usL;yg\/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oif\OD;aESmufESifh trSm;trSefudk wduspGm a0zefEdkifpGrf;½Sdí oifhtm; tonf;ESvHk;Mum;rS azmufxGuf<br />

vQHwufvmaom csD;usL;jcif;jzihf csD;usL;yg\/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oifhpdwf"gwfonf r,dkifrñGwf? oHrPdjzihfNyD;aom pdwf"gwfjzpfí axmyemum oifhtm;<br />

csD;usL;jcif;trIudk ûyyg\/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oifonf oifh&Jabmfrsm;tzdkY ]&Jabmf} ]&Ja½Smf} r[kwf? a&ra&maom ]&Jabmf} ppfppfjzpfí<br />

txl;csD;usL;yg\/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oifonf tbaumif;om;yDopGm tbvGwfvyfrIwckwnf;udkom OD;wnfum ppfxGufcJh\/ odkUvnf;<br />

oifhBudK;yrf;rIonf c&D;qHk;wdkif ra&mufwwfao;/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- oifonf usyfjynfhvGwfvyfa&;udk rdudkifEdkifonftxd yef;wdkifodkY OD;vnfroHk? OD;qHaqG;ajrh<br />

ygvnf; rwGefYrqkwfbJ vufeufqGJudkifí csDwufygavmh/ tb ArmjynfwGif; z½dkz&Jjzpfaeonfudk Munfhrae<br />

tm;ygESifh/ aoaomfvnf; O'gef;wGif&pfygapawmh? xdktcgrS ig\ csD;usL;jcif;udk tqHk;owfygtHh/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- xdktcg tlwGif; toJESvHk;Mum;rS vQHwufaygufxGufvmaom csD;usL;jcif;jzifh txl;av;pm;pGm<br />

igcsD;usL; OD;ñTwfygtHh/<br />

tdk&Jabmf- xdktcgrS oifhtm; ]wdkif;jynfol&Jaumif;&Jabmf} bGJUxl;udk tyfESif;ygtHhownf;/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJYtpnf;rsm; (1947 tdk;a0ygaqmif;yg;)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh vnf;aumif;? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh vnf;aumif;<br />

qufoG,fNyD;pD;aom urÇmYausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; (2) &yfrSm International Student Service (urÇmhausmif;om;<br />

0efxrf;tzGJU) ESifh International Union of Students (urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>) wdkU jzpfonf/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf; A[dktzGJUcsKyfwnf&mXmerSm qGpfZmvefjynf *sDeDAmNrdKUjzpfí urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

A[dkXmecsKyfrSm csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;jynf y&wfNrdKUawmfü jzpfonf/ urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf; zGJUpnf;yHkrSm EdkifiHwdkif;<br />

½Sd ]yl;aygif;aqmif½GufaeaomtrsKd;om;aumfrwDtzGJY} rsm;ay:wGif zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ trsKd;om;aumfrwDwdkif;onf<br />

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; pnf;rsOf;ESifhtcGifhta&;½Sdí oD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh ½Sdonf/ xdktzGJUtpnf;rSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;ESifh ygarmu©q&mBuD;rsm; yl;aygif;í OD;pD;vkyfudkifaom ]udk,fwdkifulnDa&;} tzGJUjzpfonf/ wESpfwBudrf a'owdkufvHk;<br />

qdkif&mnDvmcHESifh EdkifiHwumnDvmcH jyKvkyfonf/ xdkEdkifiHwumnDvmcHtNyD;ü OD;pD;tzGJUnDvmcH usif;yonf/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> zGJUpnf;yHkrSm EdkifiHwdkif;½Sd EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ay:wGif zGJUpnf;wnf<br />

axmifonf/ xdkEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rSmvnf; EdkifiHwGif;½Sd ausmif;BuD;rsm;? odyÜHwuúodkvfBuD;rsm;ü<br />

ynmoif,laeaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkY\ <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; pkpnf;zGJUxm;aom A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfonf/ xdkEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf trsm;qHk;aom ausmif;om;xk\ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfí zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;rsOf;Oya'rSm<br />

'Drdkua&pDpHepfus&rnfh tjyif vufawGU vkyfaqmifrIrsm;½Sdonfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpf&onf/ xdkYtjyif a,mufsm;? rdef;r?<br />

pD;yGm;a&;tajctae? aygif;oif;qufqHrI? EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfrI? bmomt,l0g'? vlrsKd; (odkY) tom;ta&mif? rcGJrjcm;em;<br />

apbJ toif;ol? toif;om;tjzpf 0ifcGifh½Sd&rnf/ xdkurÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>[m ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\<br />

tzGJUtpnf;jzpfí ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;uom vkyfudkifaqmif½Gufaom<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> jzpfonf/ wESpfwGif wBudrf? a'owdkufvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHusif;yonf/ (3) ESpf wBudrf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;<br />

rsm;nDvmcH usif;yí rjyKvkyfjzpfaom ESpfrsm;ü EdkifiHwum OD;pD;nDvmcH jyKvkyfusif;yonf/<br />

þonfESifh ywfoufí Student ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol [laom a0g[m&ESifh (National Union of Students)<br />

EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ t"dyÜg,fudk ½Sif;vif;&ef txl;vdktyfayonf/ urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf; zGJU<br />

pnf;yHk? tkyfcsKyfyHk? pnf;rsOf; Oya'xJwGif Student ESifhywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; owfyHkñTef;onf/ Student<br />

onf txufwef;? pufrIvufrI ynmoifausmif;BuD;rsm;? twwfoif odyÜHausmif;BuD; wuúodkvfrsm;ü txufwef;<br />

ynm&yf ½SmazGoifMum;aeaom vli,frsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ ausmif;rsm;ü ynmoifMum;aeMuaom vli,fausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om; uav;rsm; ryg0ifay/ uREkfyfwdkY ArmjynfESifh tdE´d,rSvGJí Student [laoma0g[m&onf EdkifiHwumwGif<br />

ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;udkom ac:a0:oHk;pGJavonf/ xdkYaMumihf ,leufpudk (urÇmhynmavmu"mwf ,Ofaus;rI<br />

tzGJUcsKyf) rSwyg; urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;i,frsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh vHk;0yif rqufoG,fEdkif<br />

ay/ rywfoufoavmuf jzpfaeavonf/ xdkYaMumifh uREkfyfwdkYonf urÇmhausmif;0efxrf;tzGJU ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHü<br />

vnf;aumif;? urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> OD;pD;nDvmcHüvnf;aumif;? ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;i,frsm;twGuf urÇmhtzGJU<br />

tpnf;wck½SdoifhaMumif; tMuHay;awmif;qdkcJhaMumif;/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ tajccHrl&if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf wuúodkvfrsm; tcdkiftrmnDñGwfa&;ESifh tvkyfwlyl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;wdkYudk<br />

tiftm;BuD;rm;pGmjzihf wdk;yGm;BuD;jrifhap&ef urÇmtESHYtjym;ü ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;ESifh ygarmu©rsm; yl;wGJí<br />

tvkyfvkyf&ef jzpfonf/ ¤if;\ vkyfief;aqmifwm t&yf&yfwdkYwGif t,l0g'? bmomwdkif;ESifh EdkifiHa&;? 'Drdkua&pDus<br />

aom aygif;oif;qufqHa&; tm;vHk;wdkY\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yl;aygif;yg0if vkyfudkifMuonf/ tzGJU\ &mZ0ifrSm 1920<br />

ckESpfwGif urÇmhc&pf,mef ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; tpnf;t½kH;u zefwD;ay;vdkufaom yxr ]]Oa&my ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; ulnDaxmufyHha&; aumfrwDtzGJUrS wqifh arG;xkwfvdkufaom urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf<br />

jzpfay:vmavonf/ ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf 1926 ckESpfwGif udk,fydkifoD;jcm;tkyfcsKyfa&;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh<br />

jynfhpHkaom tzGJUw&yf jzpfvmonf/ 1940 ckESpfwGif urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU? urÇmhc&pf,mef ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; tpnf;t½Hk;? urÇmha&0wD ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh ½dkrefuufovpf c&pf,meftzGJUtpnf;<br />

wdkYonf ]]urÇmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; ulnDaxmufyHa&;tzGJU}} udk wnfaxmifcJhMuonf/ xdktzGJUBuD;\ tkyfcsKyfa&;<br />

vkyfudkifrIt00udk urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUodkY wm0efvTJtyfxm;onf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

onf urÇmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm; ulnDaxmufyhHa&;tzGJUBuD;ESifh qufoG,fcJhavonf/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;rSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHha&;? EdkifiHwum<br />

ynmoifMum;a&;? ausmif;om;twGuf wnf;cdktdrf? aq;½Hk? ,Ofaus;rI? A[dkXmersm; jyKvkyfjcif;? wuúodkvfrsm;ESifh<br />

ywfoufí owif;tvJtvS,f ydkYaqmifjyefMum;a&;? ynmpl;prf;½SmazGa&;? ynmc&D;vkyfief; ponfwdkY jzpfavonf/<br />

317

318<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUü OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ½Hk;vkyfom;rsm;rS ty toif;0ifrxm;½Sday/ ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUonf<br />

yl;aygif;xm;aom tpktpnf; (3) ck ay:wGif wnfaqmufxm;ayonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm-<br />

(1) oufqdkif&m toif;om;rsm;?<br />

(2) yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufaeaom trsKd;om;aumfrwDtzGJUrsm;?<br />

(3) ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJU\ rdwfaqGqdkonfrSm tzGJU\vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk vltm;? aiGtm;jzifh axmufyHhulnD<br />

jr§ifhwifay;vdkaom yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;? wuúodkvfq&m? q&mrrsm;? ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; jzpfavonf/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

1/ wdk;wufa&;twGuf tvkyfvkyfudkifaeMuaom urÇmay:½Sd 'Drdku&ufwpf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;taygif;\<br />

udk,fpm;vS,f tzGJUtpnf;tjzpf? xdkoabmxm;t& ausmif;ol ausmif;om;tm;vHk;\ udpöt00 taMumif;t&mrsm;udk<br />

ulnDajz½Sif;&ef?<br />

2/ a,muFsm;? rdef;r? pD;yGm;a&;tajctae? EdkifiHa&;,HkMunfudk;pm;rI? bmomt,l0g'? tom;ta&mif (odkY) vlrsKd;<br />

rcGJrjcm;yJ xdkufwefaom tcGifhta&;? txufwef;ESifh rlvwef;jrifh ynm&yfrsm;udk vli,frsm;tzdkY &,l&ef? ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ wdk;csJUxm;aom ynma&;qkrsm;? tdrfrIaxmufyHha&; vdkaeaom ae&mrsm;wGif<br />

ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;? ausmif;oHk; ypönf;rsm; tcrJh&jcif;ESifh ypönf;0wåK vGwfvyfcGifh&&efwdkYudk BudK;yrf; &,l&ef?<br />

3/ usef;rmcdkifcHha&;twGuf taumif;qHk;jzpfEdkifaom aexdkifrI? pm;aomufrIESifh tcGifhta&;wdkYudk ausmif;ol? ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; tm;ay;&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;avmuwGif vlrsKd;tm;vHk;\ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;? vGwfvyfa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pD cspfcifrIwdkYudk oHk;oyfap&ef?<br />

5/ wdk;wufrItwGuf tvkyfwlvkyfaeMuí 'Drdkua&pDpepfusaom t&nftcsif;½Sdonfh pkpnf;nDnmí ausmif;om;xk<br />

udk,fpm;vS,f jynfhpHkaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm;udk wckwnf; yl;aygif; zGJUpnf;vmEdkif&ef BudK;pm;&ef?<br />

6/ urÇmay:½Sdausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; rdwfaqGrsm;tjzpf wnfjrJap&ef?<br />

7/ vufawGUESifh 'Drdkua&pDpepfusí trsKd;om;ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm; tcsif;csif; wlnDaom<br />

vkyfief;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;tvkyfwl vkyfEdkif&eftwGuf jyKvkyfaqmifMuOf;ay;&ef?<br />

8/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tjcm;vli,ftaygif;wdkY yl;aygif;Edkifap&efESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;? vlrIudpö<br />

t00wdkYwGif wm0ef0wå&m; wwfodem;vnfrI½Sdap&efESifh wdk;wufrI BuD;yGm;rI½Sdap&ef?<br />

9/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;wukwfjyKvkyfaeaom tpdk;&tzGJYtm;vHk;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;<br />

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk udk,fxdvufa&muf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf ulnD&ef? onfrS ynma&;qdkif&mXme taqmuftODrsm;rS<br />

zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIESifh zufqpfpdwf"gwf0g'? pmaywnf½Sdaeonfh t&mrSeforQ wdkufzsuf&ef?<br />

10/ EkdifiHwuma&;&mrsm;wGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; pdwfyg0ifpm;rIjzpfap&ef jyKvkyfay;&ef? EdkifiHwum tzGJU<br />

tpnf;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;rsm;udk wifjy&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ {&mr ta&;wBuD; vkdtyfaomudpö<br />

tultnDrsm;udk ae&mXme toD;oD;ü 0g'jzefUaMunm&ef? jyefMum;&ef?<br />

11/ uRefEdkifiHrsm;? uRefEdkifiHom; EdkifiHrsm;? jyifytultnD,lí rSDcdktm;xm;ae&aom EdkifiHrsm;½Sd ausmif;ol ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;tm; aygif;oif;qufqHrI? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ynma&;zGHUNzdK;aprI? jynfhpHkpGm&½Sdap&ef ulnDaxmufyHh&ef? onfrS<br />

tqHk;pGeftxd xdkwdkif;EdkifiHrsm;rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxktm; ¤if;wdkY\ vGwfvyfa&;ESifh wdkif;jynf<br />

vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rIwGif wwfEdkifaom tultnD taxmuftyHh tvHk;pHk ulnDrp&ef?<br />

12/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vlrIa&;&m\ 0efxrf;vkyfief;wdkYwGif avmu"gwfynmESifh ,Ofaus;rIwdkY\ wdk;wufrIudk<br />

xkwfa0&efESifh vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf wdkufwGef;EId;aqmf&ef?<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf vkyfief;aqmifwmt&yf&yfwGif txufazmfjyyg pdwf"gwfjzifh ûyvkyf aqmif½GufoGm;<br />

onf/ xdkvkyfief;rsm;udk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUcsKyf\ acgif;aqmifrIjzifhom vkyfudkifoGm;avonf/ vkyfief;rsm;rSm-<br />

(u) EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcH jyKvkyf&ef? tao;pdwfESifh tus,fvkyfief;? xdknDvmcHrsm;wGif vkyfaqmifcJh<br />

aom &nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk wwfod em;vnfrI½Sdap&eftwGuf jyKvkyfay;&ef?<br />

(c) EdkifiHwum vSnfhvnfa&;ESifh vJvS,fa&;vkyfief;?<br />

(*) ausmif;om;csif; tquftoG,fvkyfief;?<br />

(C) ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ taMumif;t&m udpörsm;udk urÇmhowif;ydkYaqmifa&;jzihf ay;ydkY&ef? vufcH&ef?<br />

(i) urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;r*¾ESifh ywfoufaom ½Hk;pmtkyf? pmwrf;? aMunmpmwrf;rsm;udk bmomt&yf&yfjzifh<br />

xkwfa0a&;?<br />

(p) upm;ckefpm;? usef;rma&;? aygif;oif;qufqHa&;?<br />

(q) ygwDrxm;? wckwnf;aom bmomt,lroD;? ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfaom ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

rsm;udk vkdtyfaomtultnDESifh aiGaMu;axmufyHh&ef?<br />

(Z) 0w¬Kypönf;? aiG? ulnDaxmufyHha&;?<br />

(ps) urÇmhukv<strong>or*¾</strong>? urÇmhyknukovwdkYESifh t&if;ESD;qHk;aygif;oif;qufqHrI wnfjrJa&;?<br />

(n) tjcm;EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;qufqHrI wnfjrJa&;?<br />

(#) ynm? avmu"gwf bmom?,Ofaus;rI wdk;wufap&eftwGuf ynm½Sdrsm; yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;vkyfief;?<br />

(X) urÇmhausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> &nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk wdk;wufap&efvkyfEdkifonfh vdktyfaom tjcm; vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;?<br />

(!) twwfoifqdkif&mXme zGifhonfhvkyfief;? q&m0ef? q&m? v,f,m? opfawm ponfh vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonf/<br />

,cktajctaet& urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rSm twdkif;wdkif;½Sd wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; pka0;&m<br />

Xmejzpf&m EdkifiHwum ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ axmufcHrIudk &½Sdí ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ taqmufttHk<br />

rdbozG,f jzpfaeayonf/ EdkifiHwdkif;½SdEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkYonf urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh<br />

qufoG,fNyD;avNyD? urÇmh'Drdku&ufwpf vli,frsm;tpnf;t½Hk;ESifh yl;aygif;í urÇmh wdk;wufa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? wu,fh<br />

vGwfvyfa&;odkY vufwGJí OD;vnfrokef csDwufaeayonf/ urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>um; urÇmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm; atmifvHawmfabmifodkY 0ifa&mufckdvIH&ef zdwfac:vsuf-<br />

À urÇmay:½Sd 'Drdku&ufwpf ausmif;om;rsm; touf½Snfygap?<br />

À urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> wnfjrJygap?<br />

À urÇmhausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh 'Drdku&ufwpfvli,frsm; touf½Snfygap?<br />

À igwdkY\ tem*wftwGuf csDwufMuavmh[laom<br />

À a

320<br />

(i) 1948-49 wuo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1/ udk&efa0; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkay:odef; 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkarmifarmif (1) aiGxdeff;<br />

4/ udkudkav; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

5/ rMunfMunfvS aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL;<br />

6/ udkarmifarmifausmf EdkifiHaygif;pHkwuúodkvfausmif;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL;<br />

7/ udkwifjrifh vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL;<br />

8/ udkjroef; jyefMum;a&;ESihf 0g'jyefYyGm;a&;rSL;<br />

9/ udkpdefjr ynma&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rSL;<br />

10/ udkarmifarmif (2) pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

11/ udkarmifarmifoef; tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm<br />

udk&efa0;rSm qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,fjzpfonf/ xdktcsdef wuúodkvfjyify½Sd OD;aqmifygwDtEG,frsm;½Sdaomfvnf;<br />

xdktcsdefxd ausmif;om;tiftm;pkzGJUí ta½G;cH&jcif; r[kwfyg/ yk*¾dKvfa&;tajccHjzifh wuoa½G;aumufyGJwGif ,SOfNydKif<br />

ta½G;cHjcif; jzpfonf/ tkyfpkwpkwnf;rS ,SOfNydKifta½G;cHjcif;rsKd; r½Sdyg/ xdkumv trIaqmiftzGJUonf wyfaygif;pkuJhodkY<br />

jzpfaeonf/<br />

tEG,f[k oHk;jcif;rSm oufqdkif&mygwD0if jzpfcsifvnf;jzpfrnf/ tcsKdUygwD0ifrsm; jzpfcsifrS jzpfrnf/ vdkvm;<br />

axmufcHol OD;aqmifrIudk cH,lvdkolrsm; jzpfaumif;jzpfayrnf/ rnfodkYyif jzpfap tEG,f[kom oHk;vQif vHkavmufrnf[k<br />

,lqygonf/<br />

(p) 1948-49 &uo trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

1/ udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) Ouú|<br />

2/ udkcifarmif0if; (½Srf;BuD;) twGif;a&;rSL; (aemif bPfrefae*sm)<br />

&uou OD;aqmifí a½Twd*Hkbk&m; paeaxmifh½Sd wefaqmif;BuD;wGif<br />

ukefaps;EIef; usqif;a&;twGuf ausmif;om;rsm; qE´jy tpnf;ta0;vkyfonf/<br />

OD;xGef;atmifausmf OD;aqmifaom trIxrf;aygif;pHk<strong>or*¾</strong>? odrfBuD;aps;<br />

A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>? vrf;ab;aps;onfrsm; tpnf;t½Hk;ESifh yl;wGJum 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;?<br />

vlwef;pm; wdkufyGJ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wdkufyGJ0ifvIyf½Sm;cJhonf/<br />

(q) &efukeftpdk;&acwf wuúodkvftajctaeESifh vlrsKd;a&;jyóem<br />

&uoOuú| udknDnD (vif;,kefeD)<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;udk trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&;jzifh atmifjrifpGm qifETJcJhonf/<br />

awmfvSefa&;BuD; NyD;aomtcg t,ltqa&;&m uGJjym;rI? *dkPf;*Ppdwf? yk*¾dKvfpdwfwdkYudk tajccHí vuf0JnDñGwfa&;<br />

NydKuGJvmonf/ vGwfvyfa&;ESifh twl jynfwGif; rNidrfoufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ EdkifiHjcm; owif;XmetcsdKUu<br />

vGwfvyfp jrefrmtpdk;&udk ]&efukeftpdk;&} [lí wifpm; oa&mfaeMuonf/<br />

xdktcsdef &efukefwuúodkvfü rarQmfvifhaom vIyf½Sm;rIjzpfvmonf/ ykodrfrS ausmif;om;tcsKdU vlrsKd;a&;pdwfjzifh<br />

u&ifolykefrsm;udk wdkuf&ef vIYHaqmfpnf;½Hk;Muonf/ ajrmif;jrc½dkifrS aqmfMoí &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd (___ aysmuf)<br />

c½dkiftoif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk zdwfMum;cJhonf/<br />

tpnf;ta0;wGif ykodrfausmif;om;tcsKdU\vIHYaqmfcsufudk vufrcHcJhMuyg/ autef,l? autef'Dtdk jyóem<br />

rSm tpdk;&ESifhom oufqdkifonf/ txl;ojzifh wuúodkvf&Sd u&if-Arm wdkif;&if;om; nDtpfudkrsm;Mum;odkY xdkjyóem<br />

o,f,lvmjcif; rûyoifh[k tcdkiftrmqHk;jzwfMuonf/<br />

tqdkygudpöESifh ywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd atmufArmEdkifiHc½dkiftoif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufaom<br />

txufyg tpnf;ta0;rSm wuúodkvf½Sd u&if-Arm ausmif;om;xkMum; vlrsKd;a&;jyóem rjzpfap&ef? tjcm;vdktyf<br />

Source: Portraits (DTY)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aom udpörsm; yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef atmufArmEdkifiHc½dkifaygif;pHktzGJU(Lower Burma Inter Distric League) udk<br />

zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

Ouú| udkomxGef; ([Hom0wDc½dkif) (aemif oHtrwf)<br />

'k-Ouú| udkwifvIdif (awmifilc½dkif) (aemif ñTefcsKyf? 0efxrf;a½G;cs,fa&;tzGJU)<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; udkwifOD; (ajrmif;jrc½dkif) (aemif ñTefcsKyf yifpifOD;pD;)<br />

trIaqmifrsm;rSm udkbdk;om ([oFmwc½dkif)<br />

udkpdefbef; (oxHkc½dkif) (aemif pdkufysdK;a&;bPf refae*sm)<br />

udkpdk;odef; (ajrmif;jrc½dkif) wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

tzGJUtpnf; pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJ&ef udkwifOD;? udkpdefbef;wdkY (3) OD; yg0ifaom tzGJUudk wm0ef ay;tyfcJhonf/<br />

rarQmfvifhyJ aygufzGm;vmaom xdktzGJUonf qdkif&mc½dkiftoD;oD;yg½Sdí wuoESifh pifNydKiftoGifaqmif<br />

aeouJhodkY jzpfrnfpdk;aomaMumifh aemufydkif;wGif zsufvdkufonfff/<br />

(Z) 1948 taqmiftajctae<br />

vufeufudkifwdkufyGJrsm; ae&mtESYHtjym;ü jzpfaecsdefwGif &efukefwuúodkvfudk qufvuf zGifhxm;onf/<br />

taqmif ausmif;om;tcsKdU wpwp rdrda'oESifh tquftoG,fjywfvmonf/ c&D;vrf;rsm; vHkjcHKrIr½Sd? xdkESpfMo*kwf<br />

vwGif wyfrawmfrS wyf&if;wcsKdU awmcdkoGm;aomtcg wuotm; ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;ac:ay;&ef awmif;qdk<br />

cJhMuonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf tmPmydkifrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS taqmifaMu;r&í taqmif xrif;qufauR;&ef<br />

rvG,fbJ ydwf&rnf[k xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ xdkacwf taqmifp&dwfrSm ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS &½SdaomaiGudk oHk;&<br />

jcif;jzpfonf/ taqmifae ausmif;om;tcsdKUrSm rdrdwdkUrdbrsm;u ydkYaomaiGrsm; ra&mufí ray;oGif;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif wuúodkvf qufvufzGifhxm;onf/ taqmifae ausmif;om;rsm;udkvnf; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh<br />

xrif; qufauR;ae&onf/ taqmifp&dwf r½SdawmhaMumif; ajym&if;ESifhyif qufauR;ae&onf/ taqmifausmif;om;<br />

tcsKdUonf taqmifa

322<br />

(ps ) 1948 ckESpf ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1948 ckESpf? Zlvdkif (6) &ufrS (10) &uf aeUtxd AuonDvmcHudk usif;yonf/ ynma&; awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

(10) csufESifh trsKd;om;a&;tqdk (10) csufudk AuotrIaqmiftzGJUu 1948 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (15) &ufaeY aeUpGJjzifh<br />

tmPmydkifrsm;xH awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

twGif;0ef OD;pdefndKxGef;u 1948 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (18) &ufaeYwGif AuoodkY jyefMum;csuf ay;ydkYonf/<br />

xdktxJwGif pOf;pm;OD;rnf/ rMumrD jyefMum;OD;rnf[k yg½Sdavonf/ 1948 ckESpf? pufwifbm yJ&pfü usif;yrnfh<br />

urÇmhausmifom;rsm;nDvmcHodkY wufa&muf&ef b@ma&;tultnDudk tpdk;&xH awmif;cH&m b@ma&; tusyftwnf;<br />

aMumifh ray;EdkifaMumif; jyefMum;cJhonf/<br />

1948 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (14) &ufaeYwGif &uorS 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; ydwfyifwm;qD;csufudk ½kyfodrf;&ef?<br />

ukefaps;EIef;wufrIudk tpdk;&u ydwfyifwm;qD;&ef? avmavmq,f jynfwGif;a&; udpörsm;ü EdkifiHjcm;rS tultnD<br />

r,l&ef? q&mjzpfoifausmif;rS rw&m;zrf;qD;cHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> &JacgifcspfvIdifudk tjrefqkH; vTwfay;<br />

&efESifh 0&rf;xkwfcHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;\ 0&rf;rsm; jyefvnf ½kyfodrf;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

1948 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (31) &ufaeUwGif &uorS BuD;rSL;í a½Twd*Hk&ifjyifwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;<br />

usif;yum &uorS udknDnDu awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tus,fw0ifh ½Sif;vif;NyD; Auo Ouú| udkoef;ESifh wuo<br />

Ouú| udk&efa0;wdkY wufa&mufNyD; axmufcHpum;ajymonf/ 1948 ckESpf? pufwufbmv (6) &ufaeYwGif AuoESifh<br />

&uou tpdk;&u xkwfcGifhrûyaom ausmif;om;*sme,frsm;udk &efukefNrdKUxJwGif a0iScJhonf/ ajray: tmPmzDqefa&;<br />

vkyfief; jyKvkyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ tpdk;&onf Auoacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; owday;aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefvmcJhonf/<br />

1948 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (25) &ufaeY uefawmfrifyef;jcHü AuorS BuD;rSL;í trsKd;om;aeYudk usif;yonf/<br />

obmywdtjzpf udkoef;u rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&mwGif<br />

]]'Daeh[m vGwfvyfp Armjynf&JY yxrqHk; trsKd;om;aehjzpfw,f/ tpdk;&u csKyfcs,frI Oya'awG? opömazguf<br />

Oya'awGudk t&rf;rJhoHk;NyD; 'Drdkua&pDta&;udk qefUusifum zufqpf toGifaqmifaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh zufqpf<br />

qefUusifa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&; wdkufyGJ0if&efvdkw,f/ zqyvu usif;yum ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk apmfum;wm<br />

jzpfw,f? (28) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aeUudk Auo usif;yw,f? 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkeJY aygif;Edkifw,f? 'gaMumifh<br />

zufqpfwdkufzsufa&;? 'Drdkua&pDopf awmfvSefa&;pcef;odkY ta&mufydkYEdkifw,f? vGwfvyfa&;&wm zqyv tpGrf;<br />

aMumifh&wm r[kwfbl;? qdk½S,fawG tm;aumif;vdkY &wm r[kwfbl;? t*Fvdyfuay;vdkY&wm jzpfw,f/ ArmhvGwfvyfa&;<br />

[m ppfNyD; urÇmhtajctaeay:rSSm trsm;BuD; rlwnfcJhw,f/<br />

t*Fvdyfu ArmudkcspfvdkY vGwfvyfa&;ay;wmr[kwfbl;/<br />

(1) Armvli,frsm; awmfvSefa&;pdwf jyif;xeftm;BuD;vdkY?<br />

(2) 'kwd,urÇmppftNyD; ay:aygufwJh ukv<strong>or*¾</strong>rSm rJrsm;rsm;vdkcsifvdkY jzpfw,f/<br />

Ek-tufwvDpmcsKyf aemufuG,frSm t*Fvdyfe,fcsJY&JY uvdefOmPf½Sdw,f? 'g[m bmvJqdk&if ArmUvuf0Jvrf;<br />

pOfudk vuFsmazgufjyefa&; vrf;pOfodkh ajymif;vJa&;twGuf Armtpdk;&[m t*Fvdyf? tar&duef 'Drdkua&pDudk vufcHvm<br />

atmif y&d,m,f qifxm;w,f? pD;yGm;a&;Muyfwnf;atmif zefwD;w,f? Armhqefpyg; pdkufysdK;a&;udk zsufqD;aom<br />

tm;jzifh ArmhpD;yGm;a&; Muyfwnf;atmif zefwD;ay;&efjzpfw,f/ t*FvdyfeJY tar&duefwdkY[m Armtay: b,fawmhrS<br />

raumif;bl;? ocifEktpdk;&[m t*Fvdyf? tar&duefwdkY&JU tvdkawmf&d tpdk;& ½kyfao;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihf 'Dae&muaeNyD;<br />

bk&m; a,mifa,mif? w&m;a,mifa,mif? awmifr[kwf ajrmufr[kwf ocifEk arSmf½l; acgif;aqmifwJh zqyvtpdk;&udk<br />

tjyKwfwdkufMuzdkY uRefawmf 'Dae&muaeNyD; av;av;eufeuf wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/}} [k ajymMum;oGm;avonf/<br />

,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif EdkifiHjcm;tultnD r,la&;tqdk? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIOya'? opömazguf Oya'rsm; zsufodrf;<br />

a&;? 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm; jyefay;&ef? vlrsdK;a&; t"du½kPf; wm;jrpfa&;? ynma&;&efyHkaiG wdk;jr§ifha&;? vlwef;pm;<br />

aygif;pHk epfemcsufrsm;onf w&m;rrQwí tjrefqHkk; ta&;,laqmif½Gufa&; paomqHk;jzwfcsufcsonf/ ,if; tpnf;<br />

ta0;yGJBuD;odkY trIxrf;aygif;pHk <strong>or*¾</strong>? odrfBuD;aps;A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>? vrf;ab;aps;onfrsm;tzGJUcsKyf? ArmrGwfqvifuGefu&uf?<br />

wdkif;&if;jzpfukefxkwfvkyfa&; tzGJUcsKyfrS wufa&mufonf/<br />

1948 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaehwGif wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;om;aehusif;y&ef?<br />

e,fcsJUpHepfESifh zufqpfpHepfudk ½IUHcs&ef? Auo? wuo? &uowdkY yl;wGJí aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/ wuo<br />

oabmxm;rSm ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;ESifh wGJzufí trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY? ausmif;om;aeYrsm;wGif trsKd;om;tiftm;pk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

taejzifh csDwuf&ef? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f&efESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;ESifh qefUusifaom tpdk;&\<br />

csKyfcs,frIrsm;udk uefYuGuf&ef jzpfonf/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf EdkifiHa&;wGif pGufzuf&efrvdk?<br />

ynma&;udkom tm;xkwf&ef vdkaMumif;? trsKd;om;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;trsm; yg0ifvkyfudkifoifhaMumif;?<br />

,aeU jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfyGm;aeaom vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;onf ygwD ya,m*ruif;aom vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;jzpfaMumif;? vlrsKd;a&;<br />

vufeufudkif ykefuefrIrsm;udk urÇmhe,fcsJUvIyf½Sm;rI[k cH,lNyD; ½Iwfcsonf/ u&ifolykef ESdrfESif;a&;wGif ausmif;om;wyfOD;<br />

zGJYpnf;í pmAl;awmifwdkufyGJwGif yg0ifwdkufcdkufonf/<br />

323

324<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;pdefvS (1947-48)<br />

yckuúLNrdKUZmwdjzpfonf/ yckuúLNrdKU 0ufpvDtxufwef;ausmif;rS (10) wef; pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifí 1937 ck<br />

ESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvuf ynmoifMum;onf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY jyefvnfa&muf½Sd<br />

í Oya'ynmudk qufvuf oifMum;onf/<br />

1946-47 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>\ aiGxdef;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&í? 1947-48 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/ wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODwGif vkdtyfaom<br />

pm;yGJ? ukvm;xdkif? pmMunfhwdkuf bD½dkrsm; jynfhpHkatmif vkyfaqmifcJhonf/<br />

OD;pdefvSonf vTwfawmfa½SUaeBuD;wOD;jzpfí? &efukefc½dkif zqyvvli,f Ouú|? &efukefc½dkif zqyv trIaqmif<br />

wOD; jzpfonf/ wuúodkvfbGJU&olrsm;u a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufaom wuúodkvfaumifpD vlBuD; wOD;vnf;jzpfonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1948 rS 1949 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

OD;&efa0; (1948-49)<br />

a&eHacsmif;NrKdU NrKdUrawmif&yfwGif arG;zGm;onf/ rdcif? zcifrsm;onf a&eHwGif;pm;rsKd;½kd;jzpfonf/ 10 wef; pmar;yGJudk<br />

rif;bl;NrKdU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS 1941 ckESpfwGif atmifjrifí &efukefwuúodkvfü ynmqufvuf oifMum;<br />

onf/ 1945 ck ta&;ay: wuúodkvfoifwef;rsm;rSpí qufvufynm oif Mum;onf/<br />

1946-47 wGif wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;? 1947-48 ckESpfwGif wuo'k-Ouú|<br />

tjzpf vnf;aumif;? a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cHcJY&onf/ 1948-49 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|tjzpf<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cHcJh&onf/<br />

1948 ckESpfwGif jynfwGif;ppf pwifjzpfyGm;onf/ 1949 ckESpfwGif autif'Dtdkolykefrsm; ay:aygufNyD; tif;pdef?<br />

awmifilNrKdUrsm;udk odrf;ojzifhausmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdkcsuft& wuúodkvfausmif; ydwfay;&onf/ e,frS ausmif;<br />

ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsdefrDjyefEdkif&ef pDpOfjcif;? e,fodkU rjyefEdkifatmif tquftoG,f jywfaeaom ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;udk auR;arG; apmihfa½Smufjcif;jyK&onf/ wuúodkvftaysmfwrf; ppfwyfudk jyefvnfxlaxmifNyD; tif;pdefwdkufyGJ<br />

rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufwdkufckduf&m ausmif;om; (3) OD; usqHk;cJhonf/<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS BuD;rSL;um wpfjynfvHk; ausmif;om;oydwf arSmufcJhonf/ wuúodkvf<br />

oydwfarSmufjcif; rjyKcJhay/ tif'dkeD;½Sm;wGif 'wfcsf ppfwyfrsm;u 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufjcif;udk qefYusifaom tm;jzifh<br />

e,fomvefoH½Hk;udk 0dkif;0ef; qE´jycJhonf/ udkvdkeDpHepfudk qefYusifum trsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJudk<br />

axmufcHcJhonf/<br />

OD;&efa0;onf ,cktcsdefwGif zqyv tzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfí a&eHacsmif;NrKdUe,f zqyv Ouú|? rauG;c½dkif zqyv<br />

trIaqmif? rauG;c½dkif tvkyform;aumifpD twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0ef,l vkyfaqmifaeonf/<br />

325

326<br />

(u) &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm; pnf;½kH;a&;jyóem<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tif;pdefwdkufyGJaMumifh ydwfchJ&aom wuúodkvfjyefzGifhNyD; txuausmif;rsm;udkvnf; ZGefvwGif jyefzGifhcJhonf/<br />

odkYaomfvnf; Auo? wuo? &uo &Jabmfrsm;onf oydwfwkdufyGJwGif tcsKdU tzrf;cH&onf/ tcsKdU awmxJa&muf<br />

oGm;onf/ tcsKdU &efukefNrdKUy:ü vQKdU0SufvIyf½Sm;aeMuonf/ Auoonf &uo tygt0if? wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd txuf<br />

wef;ausmif;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvsuf½Sdonf/ awmxJa&mufukefMuí EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJ tqifhjrifhoGm;onf[k xifrSwfp&m<br />

½Sdonf/ vufawGUqdkif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf ausmif;om;xkESifh tquftoG,f jywfoGm;onf/ Oya'twGif; ausmif;om;<br />

pnf;½Hk;a&;twGuf w&m;0ifOD;aqmif tzGJUrsm; rJhouJhodkU jzpfaeonf/ NrdKUay:ü ausmif;om;xkonf tpdkiftcJvdkuf<br />

½Sdaeonf/ ausmif;om;xkudk pnf;½Hk;vIyf½Sm;&ef tzGJUtpnf; r½Sdrjzpfyg/<br />

wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIudk Auo? wuo? &uo paom &efukef½SdtzGJUtpnf;rsm;om OD;aqmifrI<br />

½Sdjcif;? &efukefausmif;om; tiftm;pkrSm trsm;pkjzpfjcif;aMumifh &efukefausmif;om; pnf;½Hk;a&;udk vspfvsL½Ixm;í<br />

r&ay/ Auo&Jabmfrsm; ausmif;om;xkpnf;½Hk;a&;udk jyefvnfwmplMuonf/ &uoOuú| udknDnD (vif;,kefeD)<br />

awmxJ a&mufaeonf/ 'k-Ouú| udktkef;NrdKifu Ouú|wm0ef,lxm;onf/ xdktcsdefumvu wuowGif udk&efa0;<br />

tkyfpku qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,fjzpfí ygwDEdkifiHa&;udk qefUusifonfqdkaom oefY½Sif;wdkY yl;wGJOD;aqmifrI&aeonf/<br />

odkUaomf ¤if;wdkYonf txursm;wGif OD;aqmifrIr&ay/ &uoESifh Auouom txursm;wGif OD;aqmifrI&xm;onf/<br />

(c) &uo pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwD (1949)<br />

tcef; (12)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlYtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1949 rS 1950)<br />

&uo pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwDudk zGJYpnf;cJU&m-<br />

1/ udkpdk;odrf; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkwifxGwf (pdef*Ref;txu) twGif;a&;rSL; (aemif armfuGef;xdef;? aq;-1)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1949 rS 1950 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

3/ udkpdk;Edkif trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

4/ udkcifarmifñGefU (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

5/ udkÓPfxGef; (aemif Oya'0efxrf; 1)<br />

6/ udktkef;armif (aemif bPfrefae*sm)<br />

7/ udkwifarmif (aemif yJcl;wdkif; ynma&;rSL;)<br />

8/ roef;oef;jr<br />

9/ rarar&D wdkY jzpfonf/<br />

AuoESifh &uo oydwfarSmuf&Jabmfrsm; awmxJa&mufoGm;aomfvnf; ausmif;rsm;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUpnf;jcif;udk<br />

w&m;0ifydwfyifjcif; r½Sd/ xdktcsdefu yk'fr (5) onf ajcoGufvSaomaMumifh tpnf;ta0;tcsKdUudkyif vQKdU0Sufvkyf&<br />

onf/ aysmfyGJpm;xGufonfh toGifjzifh &efukef wd&pämefO,smOf? tif;vsm;uef tv,fuRef;rsm;ü jyKvkyfcJh&onf/<br />

(*) axmiftwGif;rS 0ufom;ykyfta&;tcif;ESifh tjyifrSausmif;om;rsm;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

&efukefaxmiftwGif; yk'fr (5) ESifh a&mufaeaom ausmif;om;rsm;? EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;onf 0ufom;auR;<br />

aomaeYü 0ufom;ykyfaeojzifh qE´jyMuonf/ tdyfaqmifrsm;odkY r0if&ef qE´jyMuonf/ aemufqHk; nbufwGif axmif<br />

tmPmydkifrsm;u rD;armif;BuD;rsm; xGef;um ½dkufMuonf/ xdk½dkufyGJwGif &JabmfudkatmifxGef; (aemif a'gufwmatmifxGef;<br />

arhaq;) aoqHk;oGm;onf[k owif;xGufvmonf/ xdktcg ausmif;om;wOD; aoqHk;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí AuoESifh<br />

&uo &Jabmfrsm; qE´jy&ef pDpOfcJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;wOD; udpöjzpfí wuoOuú| udk&efa0; rjiif;omawmhbJ qE´jyyGJvkyf&ef yl;wGJaumfrwD<br />

udk zGJUpnf;cJhavonf/<br />

udk&efa0; Ouú|<br />

udkpdk;odrf; 'k-Ouú|<br />

-tjzpfyg0if aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

bwfpfum;rsm;jzihf &efukefaxmifBuD;udk 0dkif;0ef;a

328<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1/ udkpdk;odrf; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkwifxGwf twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

3/ udktkef;armif pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ udkxGef;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1949 rS 1950 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(q) Aef;armfausmif;om; ajcmufOD;udpö<br />

w&m;0if AuorSm ysufaeí ausmif;om;trsm;pkrSm xdktcsdefu &uoudk rPÖdKifxm; vIyf½Sm;aeMuonf/<br />

EdkifiHawmfopömazmufrIjzifh w&m;pGJcH&aom Aef;armfrSawmcdkonfh ausmif;om; (6) OD; udpöay:vmonf/ xdkOya'rSm<br />

tjrifhqHk; ao'Pfay;Edkifonf/<br />

&uoonf 0efBuD;XmeodkY uefYuGufpm ydkYívnf;aumif;? txuESifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; A[dktrsKd;<br />

om;ausmif; (,ck txu- 1? vom) ü ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;ycJhonf/<br />

udkwifndK? udkxGef;

330<br />

(#) 1949 tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

cGyfa'gif;<br />

jrwfav;½Sif- a½Twd*HkuRef;rSmv? wifh&Tef;um jzma0vGifuJhodkY? pmaypOf&dyfomcef;qDu? ,Sufoef;wJhvnf;<br />

a&mifysKd/ arSmifwcdkYudkv? a&mifysKdUum ½Tef;vQHwifhapbdkY? wGef;vSef bGifhumy aZ,smqdk/ /<br />

NrdKifZr®L vGwf&m pcef;qDodkY? NydKiftwlñGwfum vSrf;atmifv? ,Sufoef;a0 pnfvGifwJhaejcnfudk<br />

rSDcdkatmif;ygvdkY? ausmif;,Hudk a'gif;ysHjref;cJhaygh? wifhqef;wJh ueufA[dk? wuúodkvfwJh-'dkYa½Tausmif;/ /<br />

rdk;a&ajr xl;umyGifhapzdkU? tdk;a0a0usL;oHvTifhumy? jrL;vQHwifhaejcnfjrifhu? jrndK½Sifrmeftif oHk;&yfv?<br />

uRefynm- uReftxHk;wdkY&,f? vGwf&mudk ZGwfcGm ½kef;ayawmh-]]tdkuG,f}} bkef;eJYcGyfa'gif;/ /<br />

a0vif;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

ArmhuRefoabmuf &mZ0ifwavQmufwGif qlylawmfvSefrI? aoG;pnf;tHkyrf;aom udk,frSxGufonfh aoG;eDa&mifcHwGif; cGyfa'gif;½kyfta&;½Sdaom tvHawmfonf ol&JBuD;atmif<br />

vHrS qif;oufaom igwdkY<strong>or*¾</strong>\ txGwftjrwf atmifvHyifjzpfavonf/<br />

þ&JaoG;? &Jrmefwdk;apaom cGyfa'gif;tvHawmfatmufwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf udef;atmif;jcif;cH&aom Armhom;aumif;pk<br />

&wemrsm; pk½Hk;cJhMuonf/ tepfemcHum pGefYpm;jcif;wdkYjzifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&;udk tkwfjrpfcscJhMuonf/ ,ckvnf;pk½Hk;<br />

Mu&rnf/ vGwfvyfa&;wnfwHhrItwGuf BudK;yrf;Murnf/<br />

tEdkifrcH t½HI;ray;aom <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½SdolwdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>atmifvHawmfatmufwGif y#dyu©jzpfMuonfrSm "r®wm[k qdkjim;<br />

vnf; ,aeYjzpfyGm;rIum; ygwDya,m* ruif;onfrSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/ y#dyu© jzpfyGm;rI½SdrS wkd;wufonfudk ig<br />

axmufcH,HkMunfonf/ odkYaomf y#dyu© jzpfvGef;u uGJtufrnfudk pdk;&drf&onf/ uGJtufaMumif;ay:rnf xifwdkif;<br />

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;? AdkvfatmifausmfaoG;wdkYjzifh zgax;jrJjrHap&ef <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½SdolwdkY\ oefY½Sif;aom 0g'w&yf jzpf&ay<br />

rnf/<br />

]]owdrrl *lrjrif}} qdkonfhtwdkif; <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½Sd ol&Jaumif;wdkY tcsif;csif;udkom rMunfhrlbJ ywf0ef;usifudk *½k<br />

jyKoifh vSayonf/ igwdkY uGJtufrnDrñGwf jzpfMuaomf tmPmydkifwdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>tm; vspfvsL½IMuonf/ 0rf;omaompdwf<br />

vTrf;aom rsufvHk;wdkYjzifh MunfhMuonf/ tacsmiform;wdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>tm; ykwfcwf tjypfajymMuonf/ ysuf&,f ûyMuonf/<br />

jynfolY0efudk xrf;aqmif&if; uG,fvGefoGm;½Smonfh tvkyform;? v,form;wdkY\ rD;½I;wef;wefaqmif ypönf;rJhA[def;?<br />

tmPm½SifvSa½T ponfh Armhom;aumif;&wem tjrKawrsm; xGef;um;atmifajrt&yfwGif wnf½Sdaom <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuf<br />

tODtm; rxDrJhjrifp jyKavNyD/<br />

tb,faMumifh þtjyKtrl jyKusifhcH&oenf;[k qef;ppfaomf <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½SdolwdkY pnf;vHk;rI Avm tjypf½Smaejcif;wGif<br />

taumiftxnf azmfaejcif;aMumifhyifjzpf\/ <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½SdolwdkY pnf;vHk;rIum; ygwDpdwftjrpfudk y,fzsufrSom jzpfEdkif<br />

ayrnf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>rSuif;vGwfvQif rnfonfhygwD? rnfonfh 0g'udkvdkufvdkuf udk,fhtBudKuf vkyf&efjzpfaomfvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>wGif½Sd<br />

aepOfwGifum; ausmif;om;0g'ESifh ausmif;om;ygwD[k ac:&rnf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>0g'udk vdkuf&rnfh <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwfudkom oefY½Sif;pGm<br />

arG;jrL oifhayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif AdkvfatmifausmfESifh rEÅav;tmZmenfwdkY\ aoG;jzifh eDjref;0ifh0gcJhaom igwdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>tvH<br />

awmftm; OD;ñTwfí <strong>or*¾</strong>*kPf rñSdK;EGrf;ap&ef wm0ef½SdolwdkYrSm <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½Sdol igwdkYyif? igwdkY\ wm0efum; opöm½SdpGmESifh<br />

wu,fwef; ausmif;om;tusKd; b0opfodkYa&muf&ef aqmif½Guf&efom½Sdayonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ a½SUrS rm;rm;rwf<br />

rwf&yfí oHrPdpdwf"gwfjzifh wdkuf&Jol? wdkif;jynftm; <strong>or*¾</strong>onf rD;½I;wefaqmifozG,f jzpfapvdkolwdkYonf <strong>or*¾</strong>wGif<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf&ifhoefpGm a0zefMu&rnf/ qef;ppf&rnf/ tcsif;csif; ½dkif;yif;&rnfrSm "r®wmyif? odkYrSom <strong>or*¾</strong>onf<br />

oefY½Sif;rnf? wdk;wufrnf/<br />

twdkcsKyfqdk&aomf <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½Sdol igwdkYonf tEdkifrcH t½IH;ray;aom 0g'jzifh ausmif;om;xktusdK; o,fydk;aepOf<br />

rnfonfh avmu"Hw&m;\ vufwGif;odkY usa&mufaeaomfvnf; rwkefrvIyf ridka

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1949 rS 1950 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

'PfcsufaMumifh igwdkY\ OD;acgif;onf aoG;oHwdkYjzifh &J&JeDapumrl igwdkYum; OD;rñTwf? aoG;tvdrf;vdrf; uyfaom<br />

vufwdkYjzifh <strong>or*¾</strong>tvHtm; udkifaqmifí EdkifiHawmfvlxktm; <strong>or*¾</strong>onf rD;½I;wefaqmiftjzpf vrf;ñTefjyovQuf<br />

csDwuf&efom oEdéXmefcscJhavNyD/<br />

udkudkav;<br />

(X) 1945 rS 49 xd Auo<br />

ppfNyD;acwf 1945 ckESpf rS 49 ckESpfxd (5) ESpfwm umvtwGif; AuoXmecsKyfwGif tvkyftrIaqmif (5)<br />

qufESifh Ouú| (6) OD; ½SdcJhonf/ 1945 ckESpf AvpXmecsKyfwGif wnfaxmifaom Auo|mecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmif<br />

aumfrwDrSwyg; usef½Sdaom Auo|mecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD av;qufudk nDvmcHrsm;ü a½G;aumufwif<br />

ajr§mufcJhjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

,if;nDvmcHrsm;rS a½G;aumufwifajr§mufvdkufaom Auo|mecsKyf Ouú|rsm;rSmudkoef;xGef;<br />

1946 ckESpf Zlvdkifv<br />

udkoef;armif 1947 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv<br />

udkxGef;ñGefY 1947 ckESpf 'DZifbmv<br />

udkoef; 1948 ckESpf Zlvdkifv<br />

udkxGef;ñGefYrSm 1948 ckESpf? rwfvwGif Ouú|&mxl;rS EkwfxGufoGm;í 'k-Ouú|jzpfol udkoef;

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf (1949-50)<br />

rtlyifc½dkif? "EkjzLNrdKU eef;awmfukef;&yfü arG;zGm;onf/ "EkjzLNrdKY bufywpf omoemûyausmif;? &efukefNrdKU?<br />

pdef*Ref; a,mufsm;av;rsm;ausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvuf<br />

ynmoifMum;onf/<br />

1946-47 ckESpf rSpí 1948-49 ckESpftxd qufvufí wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a&G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;<br />

cHcJh&onf/ 1949-50 ckESpf wGif wuo Ouú| jzpfonf/<br />

NrdKU&Gmtrsm;tjym;udk olykefrsm; odrf;ydkufxm;vsuf &Sdonf/ c&D;tcuftcJaMumifh ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;<br />

pmar;yGJ rajzEdkifojzifh wESpftwGif; pmar;yGJ (4) Budrf usif;yay;&onf/ awmcdk&mrS vufeufcs 0ifvmaom<br />

Aef;armfausmif;om; (6) OD;tm; ao'Pfay;ojzifh vGwfajrmuf&ef aqmif½Guf&onf/<br />

ausmif;q&mwOD;tjzpf &efukefNrKdU omoemjyKausmif; wausmif;wGif vkyfaqmifvsuf ½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wuúodkvfaumifpDvlBuD; ESpfOD;teuf wOD;jzpfonf/<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif Oya' yg&*lbJGU&&Sdol (2) OD;om&SdNyD; wOD;rSm rqvacwf aemufqHk;or® a'gufwmarmifarmifESifh<br />

a'gufwmarmifarmifausmfwdkYyif jzpfonf/ Oya'yg&*lbJGUudk ½k½Sm;EdkifiHrS &½SdcJhonf/<br />

1989 ckESpfwGif a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ tmPmzDqefa&;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif yg0ifaqmif½GufrIjzifh tzrf;cHNyD;? 1992<br />

{NyDvwGif jyefvnfvGwfajrmuf vmonf/<br />

1998 ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGif ,ckpmtkyf a&;om;&mwGif yg0iftMuHay;ulnDrIaMumifh xyfrHí axmif'Pf<br />

(10) ESpf csrSwfcH&onf/ 2004 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (19) &ufwGif jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmonf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- pmvHk;tapmif;ESifh azmfjycsufrsm;onf aemufqHk;vuf½Sd tajctaetxd qufvufpkaqmif; a&;om;azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

(atatyDyDbD? udkcGefqdkif; jyefvnfajymjycsuf/)<br />

332

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) pifNydKif &uorsm; zGJUpnf;&efBudK;yrf;rI<br />

tcef; (13)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1950 rS 1951)<br />

1950-51 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;pnf;½Hk;a&; vkyfief;rsm; jyefp&m &uorS ]ausmif;om;} [laom pmapmif<br />

(4) apmifudk xkwfa0cJhonf/ xdkpmapmifudk pnf;½Hk;a&;? ynmay;a&;twGuf BudK;pm; tm;xkwfcJhjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

&uoonf ausmif;om;xkü ta&;ygaom tajctaeü½Sdonf/ wuowGif oefY½Sif; ausmif;om;tkyfpku OD;aqmif<br />

aeavonf/ qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,frsm; pnf;½Hk;a&;usqif;aeonf/ uGefjrLepfygwDtEG,frsm; acgif;aqmifrI &xm;aom<br />

AuorSm trsm;pk awmcdkoGm;onf/ oefY½Sif; ausmif;om;xkonf Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;udk a

334<br />

(c) &uo jyefvnfzGJUpnf;jcif; (1950-51)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Oya'wGif;rS &uo OD;aqmifaom vIyf½Sm;rI BuD;xGm;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfy&0PftwGif;<br />

ausmif;om;xktajctae wESpfxuf wESpf wkd;vmjcif;aMumihf vnf;aumif;? txuESifh trsKd;orD; omoemjyKausmif;<br />

rsm; Mum;odkYyif 0ifa&muf pnf;½Hk;EdkifcJhayonf/<br />

pnf;½Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk udkwifa½T? udkatmifjrifh? rarar&D? rcifrr (rcifrav;)? udkausmfjrifh (aemif<br />

tqdkawmfrif;aemif)? rMunfpdef (a'gufwmMunfpdef)? rwifjrifh? rat;jrifh? rwifwifNrdKif? udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;?<br />

udkwifjrifh (aeaoG;eD) wdkY yg0ifcJhonf/<br />

1950-51 ckESpf &uonDvmcHudk pnf;½Hk;a&; tajccHaumif;aom udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;wdkY aexkdifonhf<br />

pdef*Ref;trsKd;om;ausmif;? vrf;rawmf txu (1) wGif usif;yonf/ nDvmcHowif;twGuf &efukefNrdKU owif;pmwkduf<br />

toD;oD;rS owif;axmufrsm; wufa&mufcJhavonf/ &uorSm ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI rPÖdKifjzpfaeNyD; wckwnf;aom<br />

&uoudk cdkifrmpGm jyefvnf zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/<br />

1950-51 ckESpf &uo trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

udktkef;armif Ouú|<br />

udkjrifhodef; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkcifarmifjrifh trIaqmifrsm;<br />

udkcifarmifwifh (wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif)<br />

¤if;&uoudk udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) onf OD;aqmifí <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;? wdk;<br />

wufaom EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac: t,ltqrsm;? rmhufpf0g' avhvma&;tzGJUwGif wufwuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(*) vufoD;xdk;? oHwkwf½dkufESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

1951 ckESpf wuúodkvfwGif vufoD;xdk;? oHwkwf½kdufudpö jzpfay:vmonf/ wuúodkvfwGif vGefpGm *,uf½dkuf<br />

vmonf/ xdkpOf wuo Ouú|rSm udkpdefjrarmif (a'gufwmpdefjrarmif) jzpfonf/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;rSm oefY½Sif;<br />

ausmif;om;tkyfpkrS udkat;udk jzpfonf/ xdkESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJ yxrtokwf Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|? aiGxdef;rSm<br />

qdk½S,fvpfygwD tEG,frsm;jzpfNyD; ('k) tokwftrIaqmif (6) OD;rSm oef½Sif;ausmif;om;tkyfpkrS jzpfonf/ uGefjrLepfygwD<br />

tEG,frsm; 0ifa&mufta½G;cHaomfvnf; tqdkygESpftxd ta½G;rcH&ay/<br />

jyóemrSm wuotkyfpk (2) tkyfpkMum; tpnf;ta0;wGif udpöwckudk aqG;aEG;&m vufoD;xdk;rI jzpfoGm;<br />

onf/ ¤if;jzpf&yfonf xkdae&mwGif &yfraebJ pdwfrausyGJtjzpf qkd½S,fvpftEG,f tcsKdUonf oeYf½Sif;tkyfpkrS trI<br />

aqmifwcsKdUtm; Owå&aqmif (North Hall) wGif oHwkwfjzifh ½kdufoGm;onf[k Mum;od&onf/ oHwkwfjzifh ½dkufol<br />

armifarmifBuD;onf oHwkwfarmifarmifBuD;[k trnfwGifcJhavonf/<br />

xdktjzpftysufonf ausmif;om;xkMum; rsm;pGm *,uf½dkufcJhonf/ wuo\ *kPfodu©m ñdSK;EGrf;apaom<br />

taMumif;t&m jzpfcJhonf/ wuowGif rnfoljzpfap? rnfonfhtkyfpkrS a½G;cH&ol jzpfap? xkdtrIaqmifrsm;udk ausmif;<br />

om;xk udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf todtrSwfjyKum wuúodkvftmPmydkifESifh tpdk;&uvnf; todtrSwfjyKonf/ wuoudk<br />

tm;vHk; av;pm;Muonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; BudK;yrf;rIjzifh ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI tpOf<br />

tvm BuD;rm;cJhaom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ordkif;? ausmif;om;vIyf ½Sm;rIordkif;wGif azsmufr<br />

&aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/<br />

txufyg trIaqmifrsm;\ vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwf½dkuf jzpf&yfonf wuo\ *kPfodu©m ñdSK;EGrf;atmifvkyf<br />

jcif; jzpfonf/ 17? 11? 50 &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfum ta&;ay:aumfrwD (Action<br />

Committee) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xk ta&;ay:tvkyfaumfrwD aMunmcsuf<br />

&ufpGJ- 17? 11? 50<br />

&JabmfwdkYwuoudk<br />

zufqpftarGcH ol,kwf? olrdkufrsm;vufrS u,fwif&ef/<br />

wuo\ taoa&udk jyefvnfq,fwif&efESifh ausmif;om;xk tmPmudk jyefvnf odrf;ydkuf&eftwGuf<br />

ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;w&yfudk 17? 11? 50 aomMumaeY? rGef;wnfh (12;00) em&DwGif tcef; (4) ü<br />

udkñGefYa0 (aemif OD;aqmifñTefMum;a&;rSL;? touftmrcHaumfydka&;½Sif;) u obmywd? udknDnDu twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

tjzpf aqmif½Guf usif;ycJhaMumif;/<br />

tqdkyg ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;odkY udkMunfvif (pma&;q&mMunfvif)? udkwiftkef;? udkpdk;rif; (OD;oef;OD;?<br />

aemiftajccHynmOD;pD;Xme ñTefcsKyf) wdkYu tpnf;ta0; ac:,l&jcif;ESifh vuf½Sdjzpfaeaom tajctae t&yf&yfudk<br />

½Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; atmufygtqdkrsm;udk ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;rS uefYuGufolr½Sd trsm;oabmwl wnDw<br />

ñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwf twnfjyKaMumif;/<br />

tqdk (1) - vlrdkuf0g'udk ½Iwfcsa&;tqdk<br />

tqdk (2) - udkpdefjrarmif? udkat;udkESifh tmPmydkifwdkY vufodwfxdk; aqG;aEG;&mrS ay:aygufvmaom<br />

20? 11? 50 &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnfh (Recall voting) ac: rJay;yGJudk-<br />

(u) wuo tajccHpnf;rsOf;ESifh rudkufnDívnf;aumif;?<br />

(c) ausmif;om;xk tcGifhqE´r,lbJ tmPmydkifESifh 'l;axmufaphpyf&mrS ay:aygufvmjcif;aMumifh ausmif;<br />

om;xk w&yfvHk;tm; apmfum;&m a&mufojzifhvnf;aumif;?<br />

(*) ausmif;om;wkdY\ ajymifajrmufaom 'l;raxmufa&; tpOftvmudk csKd;azmuf apmfum;jcif;aMumifhvnf;<br />

aumif;? tqkdyg rJay;yGJudk vHk;0todtrSwfr jyK? w&m;r0if[k ,lqonfhtjyif vHk;0½Iwfcswdkufzsufa&;tqdk/<br />

tqdk (3) - ,ckvuf½Sd wuotrIaqmiftzGJUtm;vHk;onf-<br />

(u) ausmif;om;xk\ taxGaxGjyóem rajz½Sif;Edkifonfhtjyif? (c) vlrdkuf0g'udk ol&Jaumif;qefqef<br />

ausmif;om;avmuodkY ,laqmifvmum wuo\ toa&udk nd§K;EGrf;apí zsufqD;aeum? (*) ausmif;om;xk<br />

tmPmudk tmPmydkifwdkYxH 0uGufí xdk;tyfaeNyD;? (C) vlY,Ofaus;rI w&yfvkH;udkyif zsufqD;aejcif;aMumifh?<br />

335

336<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

vuf½Sd wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf rdrdudk,fudk ½dkaoaomtm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? wuo\ usqHk;aeaom<br />

toa&udk q,f,laomtm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? ,aeYrSpí (3) &uftwGif; trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; EkwfxGufay;&ef/<br />

tqdk (4) - tqdkyg ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;rS csrSwfcJhaom txufyg vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;ESifh aemufqufwGJ<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwdkifonftxd? vkyfief;rsm;udk tNyD;wdkif atmifjrifonftxd aqmif½Guf&ef tmPmtjynfhtpHkESifh<br />

wdk;csJUEdkifcGif½Sdonfh ta&;ay:tvkyfaumfrwD (Action Committee) zGJUpnf;cefYtyfa&;tqdkwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

tqdktrSwf (4) t& ta&;ay: tvkyfaumfrwDtm; atmufygtzGJU0ifrsm;jzifh cefYtyfcJhonf/<br />

(1) udkpdk;odef;<br />

(2) udkaZmf0if; (aemif 0efxrf;a½G;cs,f ñTefcsKyf)<br />

(3) udkcifvS (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

(4) udkcifarmifjrifh<br />

(5) udkpdk;rif; wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

&JabmfwdkhigwdkYtm;vHk;<br />

wuoudk vlrdkufrsm;vufrS u,fwif&ef igwdkYtm;vHk; toa& jyefvnf q,fwif&ef?<br />

igwdkYtm;vHk;\ a½SUvHkjcHKrItwGuf igwdkY twwfEdkifqHk;aom tm;udkay;um ulnDyl;aygif; aqmif½GufMuukeftHh/<br />

vlrdkuf0g' wdkufzsufMu<br />

ausmif;om;ta&; atmif&rnf<br />

ta&;ay:tvkyfaumfrwD<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

vufoD;xkd; oHwkwf½kduf udpöudk (2) zuf pvHk;rS tjyeftvSef pGyfpGJrIrsm;jzifh ausmif;om;xkudk ½Sif;vif;<br />

Muonf/ trJuGufonf zsuf&rnf r[kwf/ uGefjrLepftEG,f ausmif;om;xkrsm; tjrwfxkwf oGm;rnfudk (2) zuf<br />

pvHk;rS pdk;&drfMuonf/ wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;uvnf; rnfol Uya,m*ygonf rod? vuf½Sd wuotrIaqmif rjyKwfus<br />

a&;udk usm;uefay;&ef pDpOfonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdjzpfaom a'gufwmat;armifonf wuotrIaqmifrsm;twGuf (Recall<br />

Voting) ac: qEćH,lyGJ jyKvkyfay;&ef BudK;pm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ausmif;om;xktwGif; tcGifhtmPm ydkifqdkifrI<br />

udk 0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;[k oabmxm;onf/<br />

aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefNyD;aemuf Action Committee taeESifh ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm; tqdkygudpöESifh<br />

ywfoufí ½Sif;jy&ef &efukefwuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; a'gufwmxifatmifudk awGUqHk&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ ¤if;r½Sdí<br />

rawGUcJh&ay/ odkYaomf naeydkif;wGif a'gufwmxifatmifu udkpdk;odef;tm; pmwapmifay;í um;jzifhvdkufcJh&ef ac:cJh<br />

onf/ pmrSm-<br />

FROM THE ADMINSTRATOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RANGOON<br />

RANGOON UNIVERSITY POST OFFICE<br />

RANGOON, BURMA<br />

17 th , Nov: 1950<br />

Maung Soe Thein<br />

Action Committee<br />

54, Thaton Hall.<br />

Dear Maung Soe Thein,<br />

I can see you this evening at 8 p.m (or) tomorrow (Saturday) morning at 8:00 a.m. I am sorry<br />

I had a metting in town the whole of this afternoon <strong>and</strong> another meeting again tomorrow at 9 a.m.<br />

I have inform the vice-chancellor what the request of your Committee, <strong>and</strong> he be pleased to<br />

see you tomorrow Saturday afternoon at 1:00 p.m in the Council Room, University College Building.<br />

Htin Aung

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udkpdk;odef;onf udknDnD? udkpdk;rif;wdkYtm; ac:,lí a'gufwmxifatmif tdrfodkY oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ a'gufwm<br />

xifatmiftm; aumfrwDoabmxm;udk ½Sif;jyNyD; qE´cH,lyGJ Recall Voting udk oabmrwlaMumif; ajymonf/<br />

q&mxifatmifu wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdtaejzifh wuo trIaqmifrsm; Recall Voting twGuf wm0efay;xm;<br />

olrsm;udk Action Committe taeESifh awGU&ef pDpOfxm;ygaMumif;? 'k-t"dywd pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif; tqdkyg<br />

rsufESmpHknD tpnf;ta0;odkY qufquf wufa&mufyg&ef arwåm&yfcHonf/ a'gufwmxifatmifu ¤if;taejzifh<br />

bmqE´? bmoabmxm; xifjrifcsufrS ray;yg/<br />

18? 11? 50 &ufaeY bGJUESif;obifcef;r taqmuftOD½Sd wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;cef;rü rsufESmpHknD<br />

tpnf;ta0; usif;y&m wuo trIaqmif (2) zGJUu 'k-t"dywd pDpOfcsufudk vufcHonf/ udkpdk;odef; OD;aqmifaom<br />

Action Committe u tqdkyg tpDtpOfudk vufrcHaMumif;? ausmif;om;xkqE´ oabmxm;ESifh ausmif;om;xk<br />

tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufudk ½Sif;jyavonf/<br />

'k-t"dywd a'gufwmat;armifu ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;udk ausmif;om; b,fESpfa,muf wufa&muf<br />

cJhovJ? wuúodkvf½Sd ausmif;om;w0uf rausmfvQif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;[k ac:qdkEdkifrvm;[k tay:pD;rS<br />

apmfum;? armfum; ajymvmonf/ udkpdk;odef;wdkYu acgif;iHkrcHbJ jyefvnf ajymqkdcJhonf/ tpnf;ta0; wif;rmvmNyD;<br />

nd§EdIif;rIr&bJ NyD;qHk;oGm;onf/<br />

a'gufwm xifatmif? OD;ausmf&if (aemif ygarmu©csKyf ref;0dZÆmESifh odyÜHwuúodkvf) wdkYonf bmrS 0ifa&muf<br />

rajymqdkcJhay/ tajctae rjywfrom;jzpfaeí wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; (Special Business Metting) udk<br />

ac:ay;&ef wuo pnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD Action Committee rS awmif;qdkcJhonf/ omreftm;jzifh ausmif;om;xk<br />

tpnf;ta0;udk wESpfwBudrfom usif;ycJhonf/ wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf rvGefqefEdkifawmhbJ ac:ay;cJh&onf/<br />

(C) wuo trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; jyKwfusjcif;<br />

wuo trIaqmiftzGJUrS qkd½S,fvpf ygwDtEG,frsm;u Action Committee rS awmif;qdkcsuft& tpnf;<br />

ta0; yxrydkif;wGif EkwfxGufjcif; rjyKcJhay/ aemufydkif;rSom aqG;aEG;&if; t,kHtMunfr½Sd tqdkjzifh jzKwfcs cH&rnfpdk;í<br />

qdk½S,fvpfygwD tEG,ftrIaqmifrsm; wzGJUvkH; EkwfxGufoGm;onf/<br />

oefY½Sif;tEG,frsm; EkwfxGufpm rwifMuay/ tkyfpk (2) pkpvkH;rS t,kHtMunfr½Sdwifaom tqdkudk Action<br />

Committee rS (2) zuf pvHk;udk axmufcHrJ ay;cJhonf/ tajzrSm wuo trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; jyKwfusoGm;avonf/<br />

wuoudk jyefvnf *kPfqnfEdkifcJhayonf/ wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywd tpDtpOf tvkdtavsmuf ysufoGm;onf/<br />

(i) wuo a½G;aumufyGJtopf jyKvkyfjcif; (1950)<br />

wuo trIaqmifwzGJUvHk; jyKwfusoGm;NyD;aemuf 'kwd,ESpf0ufwGif wuopnf;rsOf;ESifh tnD a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

topfxyfrH jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

oefh½Sif;tkyfpkrS-<br />

1/ udkudkav; Ouú| (aemif pnfyifom,m)<br />

2/ udkcifarmifjrifh 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkjrifhxGef; aiGxdef;<br />

4/ udkpdefbef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

5/ udkvSodef; wGJzuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

6/ udkwif0if; jyefMum;a&;|me twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

7/ udkodef;atmif vlxkqufqHa&;ESifh ynma&;|me twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

8/ udka&mbwfqGefcg; wuúodkvftcsif;csif;ESifh EdkifiHjcm; qufoG,fa&;rSL;<br />

9/ udktkef;cdkif aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh jynfolYvkyfief; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

10/ udkwifxGef; tdk;a0r*¾Zif; wm0efcH<br />

11/ udkwif0if; pmMunfhwkdufrSL;<br />

337

338<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdktcsdeftxd qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,frsm;ESifh uGefjrLepftEG,frsm;onf tiftm;pktrnfudk cH,ljcif;r½Sd?<br />

ygwDEdkifiHa&; qefYusifol ausmif;om;rsm;uom ]oefh½Sif;aomausmif;om;tiftm;pk} trnfudk pwifoHk;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

aemufydkif;wGifrSom uGefjrLepftEG,f? qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,frS cGJxGufolrsm;u tjcm;wkd;wufaom EdkifiHa&;<br />

tawG;tac:? t,ltqvufcHolrsm;ESifh aygif;í wuo a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif ]wdk;wufaomtiftm;pk} [k trnfcH<br />

,lavonf/ qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,frS cGJxGufvmolrsm;onf udk&D;,m;ppfudk taMumif;jyKí ygwDtwGif;uGJum tvkyf<br />

orm;? v,form;ygwD (qdk½S,feD) ay:vmNyD;aemuf xdkygwDtEG,frsm;udk qdkvdkygonf/ rlvu qdk½S,fvpfygwDtEG,f<br />

rsm;rSm wuo vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwf½dkuf jyóemay:NyD;aemuf xkdygwDtEG,frsm;udk qdkvdkygonf/ rlvu qdk½S,fvpf<br />

ygwD tEG,frsm;rSm wuo vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwf½dkuf jyóemay:cJhí vnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkYxJu cGJxGufoGm;olrsm;<br />

½Sdí vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;xkMum;wGif emrnfysufvmí vnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkY OD;aqmifrI wdrfjrKyfoGm;onf/<br />

(p) Auo jyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&; pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwD<br />

Auoonf ausmif;om;xkESifh tquftoG,fjywfNyD; Ouú|? twGif;a&rSL;ESifh trIaqmifwcsKdUrSm txdef;<br />

odrf;cH&onf/ tcsKdUrSm rvGJra½Smifom awmxJa&mufoGm;onf/ tcsKdUrSm jyif;xefaom vIyf½Sm;rItwGif; awGa0um<br />

xkdifoGm;olrsm;vnf;½Sdonf/ AuotrIaqmifrsm;onf wdkufyGJ\ rkefwdkif;Mum;wGif z½dkz&Jjzpfaeonf/ tajccHynm<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk pHepfwus vIyf½Sm;&ef tajctae ray;awmhacs/ xdktcsdeftxd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> zGJUpnf;jcif;udk<br />

wm;jrpfydwfyifjcif; r½Sdao;í EdkifiHw0Srf; ausmif;rsm;wGif tpOftvmt& rdrdwdkY todpdwfjzifh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk<br />

zGJU pnf; vIyf½Sm;vsuf½Sdonf/ &uoonf wjynfvHk; twdkif;twmjzihf OD;aqmif&ef rvG,fí AuojyefvnfzGJUpnf;&ef<br />

BudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/<br />

udkpdk;odef; OD;aqmifaom &uotrIaqmifrsm;onf e,frSqufoG,f pnf;½Hk;Edkifaom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

udk zdwfMum;NyD; a½Twd*Hk tv,fypö,H? ajrmufbufwefaqmif; teD;½Sd Z&yfwaqmifwGif Auo jyefvnf zGJUpnf;a&;<br />

Oya'twGif; ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf½Sm;pnf;½Hk;a&;twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyfcJhonf/ xm;0,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> udkpdef0if;<br />

ESifh o&ufausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS udkaZmf0if; (aemif ynma&;okawoeAsL½dk) wkdY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/<br />

xkdtpnf;ta0;rS xdef;odrf;cH&NyD; jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmaom ,cif Auo trIaqmifESifh &uo Ouú|<br />

a[mif; udknDnD (vif;,kefeD) udk Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;í AuojyefvnfzGJUpnf;a&;? pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;cJh<br />

onf/<br />

xkdpOfu ausmif;om;tkyfpkrsm;rS wdk;wufaom pmayrsm;udk avhvmcJholrsm;rSm tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD tEG,f?<br />

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tEG,f? qdk½S,fvpfygwD tEG,f? rnfonfhygwDtEG,frS r[kwfaom wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;<br />

tawG;tac: t,ltqudk vufcHonfh rsKd;cspfausmif;om;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ jynfolY&Jabmf tEG,f[lí wuúodkvf<br />

wGif xifxif½Sm;½Sm; tkyfpk r½SdcJhay/ aemufydkif;wGif vuf0Jtiftm;pkrsm; NydKuGJrIaMumifh ygwDEdkifiHa&;udk qefYusifol[lí<br />

]]oefY½Sif;aom tkyfpk}} ay:vmonf/<br />

txufygtkyfpkrsm;onf wuoa½G;aumufyGJ0if&mwGif yxrydkif;ü tkyfpktEG,ftrnfudk cH,ljcif;r½Sd/<br />

ppfNyD;pu tcsKdUtaqmif rdrdtcef;0wGif Oyrm- (tvHeDMunfvif) [laom qdkif;bkwf csdwfcJhjcif;rsm;½Sdonf/ aemufydkif;<br />

wGif r½Sdawmhay/ wuo a½G;aumufyGJ yk*¾dKvfcsif;,SOfNydKifonfh tajccHrsKd;jzifhom 0ifa&muf ta½G;cH&onf/ rdrdwdkY<br />

,HkMunfaomt,ltqrsm;udk tajccHí ausmif;om;xkodkY vkyfief;pOfcsjyNyD; ½Sif;vif;a[majym rJqG,fMuonf/<br />

a&mifpHktrIaqmif tzGJUrsKd;jzpfonf/<br />

(q) udk&D;,m;ppfyGJESifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;tiftm;pktay: *,uf½dkufrI? wdk;wuftiftm;pk ay:vmjcif;<br />

1950 udk&D;,m;uRef;qG,fü awmifESifh ajrmufudk&D;,m; ppfjzpfavonf/ xkdppfyGJESifh ywfoufí ajrmufudk&D;<br />

,m;tm; usL;ausmfol[k ukv<strong>or*¾</strong> qHk;jzwfcsufudk xkdtcsdef tpdk;&u axmufcHcJhonf/ xkdokdY axmufcHrIaMumifh<br />

qdk½S,fvpfygwDwGif tuGJtjyJ jzpfoGm;onf/ xdktcsdef wuoü oefY½Sif;ausmif;om;rsm; OD;aqmifrI&aeonf/<br />

qdk½S,fvpfygwD tEG,frsm; OD;aqmifrI usqHk;aeonf/ uGefjrLepftEG,frsm;? tvkyform; v,form;ygwD (qdk½S,feD)<br />

rS tEG,frsm;? tjcm;wOD;csif; wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;tawG;tac:udk ,lqvufcHonfh EdkifiHa&; pdwf0ifpm;aom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh vufwGJum ]wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk} trnfcHí zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ¤if;ü-

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udkwifndK (aemif jzL;qufoG,fa&;OD;pD;rSL;)<br />

udkMunfvif (aemif pma&;q&mMunfvif)<br />

udkjroef; (aemif pma&;q&mjroef;wifh)<br />

udkarmifarmifausmf (aemif a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf)<br />

udkxGef;vdIif (aemif ajrpm&if;)<br />

udkeef;a0 (aemif yef;csDOD;eef;a0)<br />

udkcifvS (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

udkñGefYa0 (aemif OD;aqmifñTefrSL;? touftmrcH)<br />

udknDnD (aemif a'gufwmnDnD? owåKwGif;0efBuD;) wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

aemufydkif;wGif qufvuf OD;aqmifcJholrsm;rSmudkbaumif;<br />

udkvS0if;<br />

udkatmifoef;<br />

udkodef;atmif<br />

udk,k<br />

udkausmfNidrf; wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

tmPm& tzGJUtpnf;u vnf;aumif;? oefY½Sif;aomausmif;om;rsm;u vnf;aumif;? yk*¾vduydkif owif;<br />

pmtcsKdUu vnf;aumif;? wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD? tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD?<br />

qdk½S,feDrS tEG,frsm;aygif;í OD;aqmifaom tiftm;pk[k owfrSwfyHk&onf/<br />

xdktcsdef ausmif;om;xktzdkY rnfonfhygwD tEG,fqdkjcif;rSm t"dur[kwfay/ oefY½Sif;aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ygwDEdkifiHa&; qefYusifa&;[laom a

340<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(Z) wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0; oefY½Sif;trIaqmifrsm;ESifh wdk;wuftiftm;pk<br />

wuopnf;rsOf;t& tvkyftpnf;ta0; (Business Meeting) udk omreftm;jzifh trIaqmifoufwrf;<br />

rukefrD jyKvkyf&onf/ vdktyfygu txl;tvkyftpnf;ta0;udkvnf; jyKvkyfay;&onf/<br />

vufoD;xkd;? oHwkwf½dkufudpö ay:cJhNyD;aemuf wESpfwBudrf yHkrSefvkyfaom tpnf;ta0;okdY wuo toif;0if<br />

rsm; wufa&muf&onf/ toHk;p&dwfudk trIaqmiftzGJU cefUxm;aom rSwfyHkwifpm&if;ppf\ ppfaq;NyD;aMumif; vufrSwf<br />

ESifh wuG wifjyí tpnf;ta0; twnfjyKcsufudk &,lMuonf/ tpnf;ta0; rvkyfrD toif;0ifrsm;u pnf;rsOf;ESifh<br />

tnD BudKwif ay;ydkYxm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ½Sif;vif; ajzMum;&onf/<br />

xdkodkY wifjycsuf? ar;jref;csufrsm;udk toif;0ifrsm;u a0zefaqG;aEG;jcif;? vdktyfvQif tqdkrsm; wifoGif;<br />

qHk;jzwfjcif; ponfwdkY aqmif½Guf&í tvkyftpnf;ta0;onf trIaqmiftzGJUtwGuf vnf;aumif;? toif;0ifrsm;<br />

twGuf vnf;aumif;? ta&;ygaom tpnf;ta0;jzpfonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;wGif trIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk<br />

rSwfausmufwifjcif; jzpfonf/ tqifroifhvQif trIaqmifwzGJUvHk;uaomf vnf;aumif;? wOD;csif;taejzifh aomfvnf;<br />

aumif; jzKwfcscH&onf/<br />

oefY½Sif;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif tEdkif&íaeaomfvnf; wuo pnf;rsOf;<br />

t& ac:,lusif;yaom tvkyftpnf;ta0;wGif tjrJtusyftwnf;ESifh &ifqdkif&onf/ ¤if;wdkYudk axmufcHrJay;aom<br />

trsm;pkrSm þuJhodkY ta&;BuD;onfh tvkyftpnf;ta0;udk pdwf0ifpm;rI enf;onf/ tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufavh<br />

r½Sd/<br />

wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk axmufcHrJay;olrsm;uom xdktpnf;ta0;rsKd;udk pdwfyg0ifpm;<br />

Muonf/ rdrdwdkYudk axmufcHolrsm; xdktpnf;ta0;odkY tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufa&;twGuf wdk;wufaom<br />

ausmif;om;tiftm;pkuvnf; pnf;½Hk;vIHUaqmfonf/ xdkYaMumifh oefY½Sif;trIaqmifrsm;onf ¤if;tpnf;ta0;udk<br />

&ifqdkif&ef 0efav;Muonf/<br />

xdkodkYjzpf&ef taMumif;rsm;uvnf; ½SdcJhzl;onf/ wuo ordkif;wGif rnfolrQ toif;om;tjzpfrS &moufyef<br />

txkwfcH&jcif; r½Sdyg/ odkYaomf oefY½Sif;&JabmfwOD;jzpfaom emrnfausmf umwGef;q&mwOD; txkwfcH&onf/<br />

jzpf&aom taMumif;rSm AuoESifh wuoudk erlem,lí oefY½Sif;trIaqmiftzGJUu wuotaqmuftODwGif<br />

wuúodkvf0if oifwef;zGifhonf/ xkdoifwef;\ wm0efcH wuo trIaqmifwOD;onf oifwef;olwOD;udk &nf;pm;pm<br />

ay;onf/ ¤if;udk odu©mcs&ef r[kwfbJ ¤if;tiftm;pk\ tjypf temtqmudk w&m;0ifausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;wGif<br />

azmfxkwf ar;Muonf/ ¤if;ar;cGef;twGuf jiif;onfjzpfap? 0efcHvQifjzpfap? omref½Sif;vif; ajymMum;vdkufygu<br />

þudpö NyD;Edkifaomfvnf; txufyg umwGef;q&monf þudpöudk olodygonf[k raeEdkif? rxkdifEdkif azmfaumifvkyf<br />

onf/ tvGefpum;ajymaumif;aom armifudk,k (aemif w&m;½Hk;a½SUae) \ xyfqifhar;cGef; axmifacsmufwGif umwGef;<br />

q&m ydwfrdoGm;onf/ odvQifazmfxkwf&ef awmif;qdkonfhtcg umwGef;q&monf ajz&ef rvG,fawmhbJ tpnf;ta0;rS<br />

qkwfcGmoGm;onf/ ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;½Sd trIaqmifpm;yGJrS trIaqmifrsm; idkifoGm;Muonf/<br />

umwGef;q&m &Jabmfonf tpazmfcJhNyDjzpfí wuo*kPfodu©mudk ñSdK;EGrf;apaom udpöjzpfí tqdkygudpö<br />

w&m;0if ½Sif;vif;jcif;rjyKygu wuo toif;0iftjzpfrS &moufyef xkwfy,f&ef[laom ar;cGef;udk tqdkodkY<br />

ajymif;vJ qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

txufyg qHk;jzwfcsufudk wuo oefY½Sif;trIaqmiftzGJUonf rckcHEdkifyJ ¤if;wdkY\ &JabmfrSm toif;om;<br />

tjzpfrS &moufyef xkwfy,fcH&aom b0odkY a&mufoGm;onf/ wuopnf;rsOf;udk rlva&;qGJcJhaom acgif;aqmifBuD;<br />

rsm;onf aphpyfaocsmpGm t*Fvdyfvdk a&;qGJcJhjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

tvm;wl oefY½Sif;tiftm;pkrS trIaqmifwOD;onf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf&ef (3) Budrf ysufuGuf<br />

aeonfudk tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;wGif ppfaq;awGU½Sdí wuopnf;rsOf;t& tvkyftpnf;ta0;wGif jzKwfcH&onf/<br />

tvm;wlyif oefY½Sif;trIaqmiftzGJUu wuúodkvfA[dkaumifpDodkY udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf apvTwfcJhaom jyifyrS<br />

*kPfoa&½Sdyk*¾dKvfBuD; (2) OD;udkvnf; wuotpnf;ta0;wGif wdk;wuftiftm;pku jzKwfcscJhavonf/ wuorS<br />

wuúodkvfA[dkaumifpDodkY apvTwfcJhaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf ausmif;om;zufrS &yfwnfapvdkonf/ tpnf;ta0;ü<br />

wuúodkvfA[dkaumifpDodkY apvTwfaom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;tm; ar;jref;cJhonf/ tpnf;ta0;<br />

wGif ½Sif;vif; ajzMum;csufrsm;udk tjyeftvSef a0zefaqG;aEG;NyD; wuo udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; aqmif½Gufcsufudk<br />

rauseyfaMumif;? rlvar;cGef;udk tqdktjzpf ajymif;wifMuonf/ rJcGJqHk;jzwf&mwGif wuo oefY½Sif;trIaqmiftzGJUonf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ckcHEdkifaom tiftm;r½Sd jzpf&um tqdkyg udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;rSm tjzKwfcH&onf/<br />

xkdYaMumifh wuúodkvfA[dkaumifpDodkY ajym&J? qdk&JESifh tpOftvm t½Sdeft0g½Sdol? wdk;wufaom tawG;tac:<br />

t,ltqrsm;taeESifh oabmxm;í OD;odef;az (odef;azjrifh) ESifh wuoOuú|a[mif; OD;pdefwdkYudk udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

(2) OD;tjzpf wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;odkY apvTwfvdkufonf/<br />

¤if;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;rSm oefY½Sif;tiftm;pkuvnf; ¤if;udk,fpm;vS,f r[kwfí csKyfudkif&ef rvG,f?<br />

wdk;wuftiftm;pkuvnf; wuotrIaqmifrsm; r[kwfí csKyfudkif&ef rvG,f? xkdodkYaom tajctaewGif OD;odef;az<br />

jrifhonf rnfolY oabmxm;rQ r[kwf? rdrdqE´oabmt& wuúodkvfA[dkaumifpD tpnf;ta0;ü wuúodkvfwGif<br />

rmhufpf oabmw&m; oifMum;a&;tqdkudk wifonf/<br />

OD;odef;azjrifhtqdkudk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUu uefYuGufavonf/ wdk;wuftiftm;pkuvnf; raxmufcH<br />

ay/ þodkYjzifh oefY½Sif;tiftm;pkonf a½G;aumufyGJwGif tjrJtEdkif&cJhaomfvnf; tvkyftpnf;ta0;wGif tjrJvdk<br />

½IH;cJh&onf/ wdk;wuftiftm;pkuvnf; Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufwGif bmvkyfcJhoenf;[k ar;jref;&m ¤if;aeYrSm urÇmY<br />

ausmif;om;aeY jzpfNyD; ¤if;aeYtwGuf bmrQrvkyfcJhí a0zef&efjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tqdkygaeUESifh ywfoufí bmrQ<br />

avhvmxm;jcif; r½Sd? bmrQrodjzpfum tpnf;ta0;wGif ¤if;aeYjzpfcJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk qufpyfajz&mrS<br />

ydkodu©musp&m jzpfvmonf/<br />

(ps) 1950-51 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm<br />

1950-51 ckESpf twGif;wGif uREkfyfwdkY ]]&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>}} udk Mum;a½G;aumufyGJ (2) Budrf<br />

jzifh wnfaqmufcJh&mü yxrtBudrf Mum;a½G;aumufyGJudk 18? 12? 50 &ufaeYwGif usif;yûyvkyfcJhí? Ouú| udkudkav;?<br />

'k-Ouú| udkcifarmifjrifhESifh b@ma&;rSL; udkjrifhxGef;wdkYudk a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufcJhMuavonf/<br />

'kwd, Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyGJudk 12? 1? 51 &ufaeYwGif usif;yûyvkyfí? udkpdefbef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkvSodef; (wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)? udkwif0if; (jyefMum;a&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;)? udkodef;atmif (vlxkqufqH<br />

a&;ESifh ynma&;Xme twGif;a&;rSL;)? rpöwma&mbwfqGefcg; (wuúodkvfcsif;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;)? udktkef;cdkif (aygif;oif;qufqHa&; ESifh jynfolYvkyfief;twGif;a&;rSL;) wdkYudk a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJh<br />

onf/ a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufcH&aom trIaqmiftzGJUrS wuotpnf;ta0;Oya't& r*¾Zif;Xmeudk trIaqmiftjzpf<br />

wm0ef,l&ef udkwifxGef;ESifh pmMunhfwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkwif0if;wdkYtm; cefYtyfvdkufonf/<br />

txufyguJhodkYaom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU ay:vmNyD;aemuf usrf;opöm usdefqdkyGJrjyKvkyfrD<br />

ta&;ay: ausmif;om;xktcuftcJudk tjref&ifqdkifvdkuf&onf/ xkdtcsdefu ausmif;om;xk\ ta&;ay: tcuftcJ<br />

rsm;rSm-<br />

(1) yxrESpf OypmESifh 0dZÆmausmif;om;rsm;udpö?<br />

(2) "mwfcGJcef;twGuf tydkaiGaMu;udpöwdkYjzpfí tmPmydkifwdkY\ pDrHcsufrsm;rSm cdkifvHkw&m;rQwaom<br />

taMumif;csif;&mwdkYESifh uif;vGwfpGm zdpD;vsuf½Sdonf/<br />

Oyrm- yxrESpf OypmESifh 0dZÆmausmif;om;rsm;udpöü wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf ESpfOD; ausmif;zGifhpü<br />

yxrESpf OypmESifh 0dZÆmwef;ausmif;om;wdkYtm; pmar;yGJusif;yjyKvkyfjcif;½Sdrnf r[kwf[k twdtvif;aMunmcJhaomf<br />

vnf; pmar;yGJrsm; vGefpGmeD;uyfonfh tcgusrSyif pmar;yGJppfrnf[k a½SUaemufrnD tqDtai:rwnfh ynmoifMum;<br />

a&; udpöü uav;upm;ouJhodkY ½IHUcsnf? ESyfcsnfvkyfcJhojzifh yxrESpf OypmESifh 0dZÆmwef; ausmif;om;tm;vHk;rSm<br />

ynma&; tcuftcJwckudk rarQmfvifhbJ &ifqdkifcJh&avonf/<br />

"gwfcGJcef;twGuf tvSLaiGaMu;udpöudkyif tvm;wl rw&m;rI wcktaeESifh &ifqdkif&onf/ wuúodkvf<br />

tpOftvm &mZ0iftqufquf bdk;awmfbk&m; vufxufurS rMum;bl;? rvkyfbl;? rjzpfay:cJhbl;aom "gwfcGJcef;<br />

aMu;[laom ynma&; qvmrD aiG 25d^-udk odyÜHausmif;awmfom;rsm; xHrS rw&m;ñSpfí awmif;cHcJh&m ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tm;vHk; rsm;pGmrausreyf jzpf&onf/ txufyg jyóemESpf&yfudk uREkfyfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU\ yxrtBudrf 16? 2? 51<br />

&ufaeY tpnf;ta0;ü wifoGif; aqG;aEG;cJhí yxrESpf ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJudpöudk 17? 1? 51 &ufaeY ta&;ay:<br />

ausmif;om;xk qE´jytpnf;ta0; usif;yjyKvkyf wdkufyGJqifum xkdnaewGif vdkvm;csufrsm; &½SdcJhonf/ "gwfcGJcef;<br />

aMu; udpöudkvnf; ausmif;om;xk axmufcHcsufjzifh tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qdkcJh&m Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufaeUwGif<br />

atmifjrifrI& ½Sdí aiGrsm;jyefvnf xkwf,lcGifh&cJhonf/<br />

341

342<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdkYaemuf Ouú|ESifh trIaqmiftzGJU\ usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 9? 2? 51 &uf aeYwGif usif;yí-<br />

1/ 'Drdkua&pDudk usepGm avhvmusifhoHk;a&;<br />

2/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;<br />

3/ ausmif;om;ta&;udk ausmif;om;xkqE´jzifhom oefY½Sif;pGm csDwuf,la&;<br />

4/ ygwDEdkifiHa&;aqmif½GufrI uif;vGwfa&;<br />

5/ wdk;wufaom urÇmhausmif;om;xkü yg0ifqifETJa&;wnf;[laom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ rGefjrwfvSaom<br />

0g'ESifh vrf;pOfudk uREkfyfwdkY owfrSwfaMunmcJhonf/<br />

xdkwdk;wufrI t&yf&yfudk XmetvdkufcGJí tpD&ifcHygOD;rnf/<br />

1/ wuúodkvfcsif;ESifU EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme<br />

urÇmvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;0efxrf;tzGJUudk 16? 1? 51 &ufaeYwGif atmifjrifpGm zGJUpnf;NyD;cJhí obmywdtjzpf<br />

a'gufwmxifatmif? 'k-obmywdtjzpf wuoOuú| udkudkav;? b@ma&;rSL;tjzpf a'gufwmomvS?<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf udka&mbwfqGefcg;? trIaqmifvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf-<br />

1/ ygarmu© OD;b 2/ ygarmu© OD;at;armif 3/ udkpdefbef;<br />

4/ udkodef;atmif 5/ udkwif0if; 6/ udkjrol wdkYudk a½G;aumufzGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

xdkaumfrwDrSaeí ynm½SmrSD;&mü tcuftcJawGUaeaom ausmif;om;wdkYtm; aiGaMu;ulnD axmufyHh&m<br />

odyÜH (6) OD;? 0dZÆm (4) OD;? aygif; (10) OD;udk wpfvvQif 50d^- ESifh aygif; 5000d^- axmufyHhaMu; ay;EdkifcJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfcsif;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme tpD&ifcHpm rSwfwrf;t& EdkifiHjcm;{nfhonfawmfrsm; tjzpf<br />

(1) e,lZDvefjynf urÇmvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL; rpöwm tm(&f)tuf(pf)bpfpvD (R.S<br />

Bisley)? (2) rpötrf&mZm (M.Raza) ygupöwefESifh? (3) rpöwm trfauaumewf (M.K Connent U.S.N.S.A) wdkY<br />

vma&mufí Armjynfausmif;om;a&;udpöudk &if;ESD;pGm aqG;aEG;avhvmMuonf/<br />

jrefrmjynfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf EdkifiHjcm;odkY-<br />

(1) a'gufwma&mbwf (vufaxmufaq;rSL;) tm; puFmylNrdKUü usif;yaom ta½SUawmiftm½S awmifydkif;<br />

qdkif&m aq;yg&*lrsm;\ ausmif;om;rsm; usef;rma&;tajctaewGif aqG;aEG;yGJodkY apvTwfcJhonf/ a'gufwma&mbwf\<br />

aqG;aEG;csufrsm;rSm rsm;pGmatmifjrifaMumif; tpD&ifcHEdkifonfhtjyif &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm; usef;rma&;<br />

twGuf ta&;wBuD; vdktyfaeaom jrefrmaiG wodef;wef "gwfrSefwckudk vnf;aumif;? ta&;BuD;aom aq;ypönf;<br />

tcsKdUudk vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfaq;½HktwGuf &½SdcJhygonf/<br />

(2) ¤if;tjyif tm½Swdkuf ausmif;om;a&;&mrsm;ü ESHYpyfpGm qnf;yl;í &if;ESD;rI&½Sd&ef udka&mbwfqGefcg;tm;<br />

ygupöwef? oD[dkVf? tdE´d,? tif'dkeD;½Sm;? rav;½Sm;? ,dk;',m;wdkYudk apvTwfcJhygonf/ urÇmvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tzGJUcsKyf0if EdkifiHjzpfaom uae'grS jrefrmjynf tif*sifeD,m ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;oHk;ypönf;rsm; (Drawing<br />

Instruments & Exercise Books) ESifh aq;0g;ypönf;rsm; ay;ydkY&½SdcJhygonf/ *syefjynfrS "gwfrSefajymif;wckudkvnf;<br />

aumif;? tar&duefausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUrS aiGoHk;aomif; tultnDESifh aq;bufqdkif&m pmtkyftrsKd;rsKd;? odyÜHbufqdkif&m<br />

pmtkyftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk vufcH&½SdcJhygonf/<br />

2/ vlxkqufqHa&;ESifU ynma&;Xme<br />

¤if;teuf rGefjrwfaom atmifjrifrI wcsufrSm 50-51 ckESpf rufx&pfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ykZGefawmifESifh<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD ESpfae&m cGJí apwemh0efxrf;oifwef;rsm; zGifhvSpfjcif;jzpfonf/ apwem½Sif ausmif;om;<br />

BuD; tcsKdU\ tultnDudkvnf; aumif;pGmvufcH &½SdcJhygonf/ xkdoifwef;odkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;<br />

wufa&mufcJhygonf/ toif;\ &nf½G,fcsufESifh avsmfnDpGm vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ qufoG,frIudk 0rf;ajrmufpGm<br />

vufcHcJhNyD;<br />

1/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m awmifolv,form;tpnf;t½Hk;XmecsKyf txl;nDvmcHodkY zdwfac:csuft& txl;<br />

{nfhonfawmf tjzpf 2? 1? 51&ufaeYwGif udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; apvTwfcJhygonf/<br />

2/ Armjynf tvkyform;tpnf;t½Hk;rsm;rS BuD;rSL;usif;yonfh EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf tvkyf<br />

orm;<strong>or*¾</strong> nDvmcHodkY zdwfac:csuft& <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk 9? 2? 51 &ufaeYwGif apvTwfcJhygonf/<br />

3/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,frsm;tpnf;t½Hk;BuD;wGif &efukefc½dkifrS BuD;rSL;usif;yonfh udk;BudrfajrmufnDvmcH

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

odkYvnf; zdwfac:csuft& 28? 6? 51 &ufaeYwGif udk,fpm;vS,f (3) OD; apvTwf wufa&mufcJhygonf/<br />

4/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mvli,frsm;tpnf;t½Hk;\ omrefnDvmcHodkYvnf; zdwfac:csuft& wufa&mufcJhyg<br />

onf/ ausmif;om;rsm; oufomacsmifcsdrItwGuf urÇmvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ay;ydkYaom ausmif;oHk;pm<br />

tkyfESihf ud&d,mrsm;udk txl;EIef;jzifh jzefYjzL;cJhEdkifygonf/<br />

3/ aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifU jynfolYvkyfief;Xme<br />

EdkifiHjcm;{nfhonfawmfrsm;udk aumif;pGmvufcHrnfh R.S Bislay tm; a[majymyGJ usif;y&ef wdkawmif;onfh<br />

umvtwGif; BudK;pm;cJhonf/ jynfolUvkyfief;Xmersm;rS ausmif;om;tusKd;twGuf <strong>or*¾</strong>rS qufoG,f&,lcJhaom<br />

tusKd;w&m;rsm;rSm-<br />

1/ avaMumif;Xme U.B.A rS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; (70) &ufxuf ausmfvGefaom tcEIef;rsm; twGuf<br />

10% avQmhygonf/<br />

2/ rD;&xm;XmerS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; w0ufEIef; avQmh,lygonf/<br />

3/ a&vrf;bufqdkif&m I.W.T rS ausmif;ydwf&uf (3) &ufxuf ausmfvGefaom tcsdefwGif a&vrf;ü oGm;<br />

vmaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;EIef;ESifh ay;ygonf/<br />

jynfwGif; t&yf&yfü oGm;vmrI cufcJaom ae&ma'orsm;odkY jyefonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>rS txl;pDpOf<br />

ay;cJhygonf/<br />

4/ jyefMum;a&;Xme<br />

t"du atmifjrifrItjzpf oefY½Sif;aom0g'ESifh vrf;pOfudk (9? 2? 51) &ufaeYwGif twdtvif; xkwfjyef<br />

aMunmcJhygonf/ rSefuefaom oabmw&m; &mEIef;jynfh0aeaom <strong>or*¾</strong>\ 0g'ESifh vrf;pOfudk jyefMum;a&;Xmeonf<br />

tcgtcGifhoifhwdkif; xkwfazmfaMunmjcif;? owif;pmyg ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf ywfoufaom uGJvGJonfh,lqcsufrsm;?<br />

ausmif;wGif; ausmif;jyif tajctae t&yf&yfudk tcgtcGifhtvdkuf xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ xdkUjyif jynfolY todtrSwf<br />

jyKaeY yGJawmfrsm;? ausmif;om; todrSwfjyKaeU yGJawmfrsm;ü <strong>or*¾</strong>\ oabmxm;udk wnfhrwfpGm xkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

5/ pmMunfUyd#duwfwdkufXme<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfhwdkufXmetwGuf pmtkyfrsm;udk urÇmvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh tjcm;EdkifiHjcm;oH½Hk;<br />

rsm;rS tultnDtjzpf vufcH&½Sdí <strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfhwdkufcef;ü aumif;pGmxm;½Sdygonf/<br />

6/ r*¾Zif;XmetpD&ifcHpm<br />

1950-51 ckESpf trIaqmiftajymif;tvJaMumifh yxrydkif;wGif r*¾Zif;Xme wm0efcHtzGJU aqmif½Gufaom<br />

vkyfief;rsm; teuf tdk;a0r*¾Zif; rxkwfa0EdkifcJhaom tdk;a0wm0efcH\ BudK;pm;rIaMumifh wESpfrQ tcsdef,l aqmif½Guf&<br />

aom udpöudk (2) v twGif; tdk;a0 tcsdefrD wGefusL;EdkifcJh\/<br />

7/ b@ma&;XmetpD&ifcHpm<br />

trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;xHrS 1950 ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif aiG 465d-5yJ vTJay;&NyD; vpOf 0ifaiGtjzpf qdkifvcrsm;<br />

rS 2927d-8yJ? ,cktxd0if aiG½Sdaeygonf/ ¤if;wdkYteuf tmZmenfaeY? AdkvfcsKyfaeY? ausmif;om;rsm; psmyeudpörsm;<br />

wGifvnf;aumif;? ½Hk;oHk;ypönf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ {nfhcHyGJrsm;ü vnf;aumif;? acRwmoHk;<br />

pGJí ,ckvufusef 202d-12yJ ½Sdygonf/ ESpftqufqufu wif½Sdvmaom wuúodkvfaumifpDESifh wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ay:<br />

wGif wif½Sdaom vQyfppf"gwftm;cESifh a&caiGrsm;udk aumifpDrS avsmfay;NyD;aemuf vQyfppftm;ESifh a&cudk vpOfrSefrSef<br />

ay;&onf/<br />

taxGaxGqdkif&m tpD&ifcHpm<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>\ txufygXme (7) ckrSwyg; tjcm;rJhaom vkyfief;aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh wGJzuf<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;\ taxGaxGqdkif&mXme tpD&ifcHpmü xnfhoGif; tpD&ifcHygonf/<br />

ausmifom;<strong>or*¾</strong>? tvkyftrIaqmifopf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufNyD;aemuf Oya'tMuHay;t&m½Sdtjzpf 0wfvHk<br />

343

344<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

awmf& OD;jrifhtm; vnf;aumif;? pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wltm; vnf;aumif;? aumifpD0ifvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf OD;ydkif<br />

(tdkifpDtufpf tNidrf;pm;) ESifh OD;at;armif (bDtufpfpD? bDt,fvf) tm; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;<br />

wdkuftm; Munfh½Iapmifha½Smufoltjzpf OD;uHodef;tm; qufvuf cefYxm;ygonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>toif; rif;aptjzpf udkvSausmf<br />

tm; cefYxm;ygonf/ wHjrufvSnf; ukvm;tm; qufvufxm;½Sdygonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>qHyifñSyfqdkif? pmtkyfqdkifESihf pm;awmf<br />

qufrsm;udk ,cifESpfrsm; EIef;twdkif;yif qufvuf xm;½Sdygonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU\ OD;a&rSm qufvufwdk;wufcJh&m-<br />

1948-49 wGif (1400) ½Sdí?<br />

1949-50 wGif (1000) txd usqif;oGm;aomfvnf;?<br />

,ckESpf 1950-51 wGif (1947) a,muftxd wdk;wufvmygonf/<br />

taysmfwrf;wyfzGJUudkvnf; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&ef BudK;pm;cJh&m oufqdkif&mXmeodkY taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/<br />

bDtdkbmbm AdkvfrSL; (tjrJwrf;twGif;0ef udk,fpm; pm&if;ppf½Hk;) rS rwfv (29) &uf 1951 ckESpf jyefMum;pm&½SdNyD;<br />

]wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vdkvm;csufudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u todtrSwfjyKygonf/ xdkufoifUovdk ta&;,l<br />

aqmif½GufoGm;ygrnf/} [k a&;om;yg½SdaMumif; tpD&ifcHygonf/<br />

ausmif;ESifh ywfoufí oufqdkif&mtzGJUwdkY\ vdkvm;csufrsm;üvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>\ aqmif½Guf atmifjrifcsufrsm;<br />

udk 0rf;ajrmufpGm tpD&ifcHygrnf/<br />

(1) ygVdtoif;\ ]vlrsKd;jcm;ygarmu© cefhxm;a&;} wdkufyGJü <strong>or*¾</strong>rS tifwdkuftm;wdkuf ulnDcJhonf/<br />

ygVdtoif;\ vdkvm;csufrsm;rSmvnf; atmifjrifNyD;ajrmufcJhygonf/<br />

(2) 1950-51 ck? Oya'ausmif;om;toif;\ ]wESpf (2) Budrf pmar;yGJusif;ya&;} awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf;<br />

vufcHí <strong>or*¾</strong>rS axmufcHaqmif½Guf ay;aeygonf/<br />

(3) ]tif;0ausmif;aqmif o[m&ESifh pmzwftoif; awmif;qdkcsuf} ausmif;aqmif tpm;taomufrefae*sm<br />

ESifh 'k-refae*smwdkYtm; tif;0ausmif;aqmifrS tjrefqHk; ajymif;a½TUay;&efudkvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>rS vufcHta&;,l aqmif½Guf<br />

&m tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS 21? 7? 51 &ufaeY jyefMum;pmt& xdkudpö atmifjrifNyD;ajrmufcJhygonf/<br />

(4) Nrdwfc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJü (74) a,muf0ifa&muf ajzqkd&m (1) a,muf<br />

wnf; atmifonfh udpöESifh ywfoufí <strong>or*¾</strong>rS ta&;,laqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdygonf/<br />

(5) 1951 ckESpf? rwfvtwGuf taqmifc ray;aom wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh<br />

vufrSwf xkwfay;&ef? tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qdkcJh&m atmifjrifNyD;jywfcJhygonf/<br />

(6) atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uf ukefqHk;NyD;aemuf 'k-ESpf0ufrS ausmif;0ifvmaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

yxr ESpf0uftwGuf ausmif;vcaiG (60d^) udk rawmif;qdk&ef tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qdk&m 24? 1? 51 &ufaeY<br />

jyefMum;pmt& atmifjrifNyD;jywfcJhygonf/<br />

(7) aq;aumvdyf ausmif;olrsm;tm; T.T.C ESifh bifwefausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ae&mxkdifcif; vHkavmufpGm<br />

&½Sd&ef tmPmydkifrsm;xHü awmif;qdk&m vdkvm;csufrsm; vHk;0atmifjrifcJhygonf/<br />

(8) 1951 ckESpf? ZGefv pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;udk apmifhqdkif;vsuf½Sdaom abmf'g ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

1951 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvtwGuf ausmif;aqmifESifh xrif;cudk w0ufc avQmh,l&ef tmPmydkifrsm;xH <strong>or*¾</strong>rS awmif;qdk&m<br />

atmifjrifNyD;jywf cJhygonf/<br />

(9) wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ü ,ciftrIaqmifrsm; vufxufu usef½SdcJhaom<br />

rD;c - 1714d-14 yJ<br />

a&c - 260dy&dabm*<br />

- 310daygif;<br />

2284d-14 yJ udk ausmif;om;aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsuft& tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS vdkufavsm<br />

ausat;csufudk vufcH&½Sdygonf/<br />

(10) tcvGwf ynmoifMum;a&;pDrHudef;udk tpdk;&rS wdvif;pGm xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;onfhaemuf tpkd;&cefY<br />

twGif;0ef (20) OD;? aumifpDvlBuD; (10) OD;wdkYESihf wGJzufí aqmif½Guf&ef <strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|? twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh ausmif;aumifpD<br />

vlBuD;wOD; aygif; (3) OD;wdkYu aqmif½Gufaeygonf/<br />

xdkaumfrwDtzGJUwGif-

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1950 rS 1951 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(1) <strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfhwdkufpmtkyfESihf y&dabm*twGufaiG - 10000d^-<br />

(2) *wfpwifemESihf t*Fvdyfjrefrm vufESdyfpuftwGufaiG - 5000d^-<br />

(3) <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODwdk;csJU&mü vdktyfonfh "gwftm;ud&d,mtwGufaiG - 7000d^-<br />

(4) <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODtm; y&dowf (1000) 0ifEdkif&ef wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfvdkojzifh - 415000d^-<br />

437000d^-<br />

(5) pmtkyf - 15000d^-<br />

(6) <strong>or*¾</strong>aemuf (5) ESpftwGuf pmyHkESdyfpuf (5) vHk;ESifh pmvHk;rsm;twGufaiG - 45000d^-<br />

600000d^-<br />

-wdkY awmif;qdkcJh&m 1? 2? 3? 4 rSm vufiif; vdkvm;csuf 5? 6 rSm tem*wf vdkvm;csuftjzpf awmif;qdk&m<br />

vufiif; vdkvm;csufaiG 50000d^- rwnfaiGtjzpf &½SdcJhygonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>wdk;csJUa&;ESifh <strong>or*¾</strong> pmyHkESdyfpuf wnfaxmif&ef<br />

twGufrl vufiif;vdkvm;csuftaeESifh xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onfxuf tem*wfvdkvm;csufü xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;í vdkufavsm<br />

ygrnf[k uwd0efcHcsuf &½SdcJhygonf/<br />

(12) 1951 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (4) &ufaeU wuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJU qHk;jzwfcsufESihf Zlvdkifv (14) &uf aumifpD<br />

tpnf;ta0; twnfjyKcsuft& tcsuf (9) csufygaom pDrHudef;topfw&yf xkwfjyef&mwGif<br />

(u) pmar;yGJ (3) cgus qufwdkuf ajzNyD;í ratmifjrifaom ausmif;om;xkrsm;udk ausmif;xkwfjcif;?<br />

(c) oifwef; (6) v aemufusaeonfh tajctae½Sdaejcif;wdkYrSm ausmif;om;tusKd;udk wdkuf½dkuf xdcdkufae<br />

ojzifh uREkfyfwdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>rS 15? 7? 51 &ufaeYwGifvnf;aumif;? 17? 7? 51 &ufaeYwGifvnf;aumif; aMunmcsuf (3) ck<br />

xkwfjyefí ausmif;om;xktm; wifjy EdI;aqmfcJhonf/ tmPmydkifrsm;xHüvnf; wif;rmpGm ta&;qdkcJhonf/ odkYESihfyif<br />

23? 7? 51 &ufaeYwGif tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS ausat;vdkufavsmcsuf t00udk <strong>or*¾</strong>rS aeYcsif;yif aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefí<br />

ausmif;om;xktm; wifjyNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

cifarmifjrifh<br />

('k-Ouú|)<br />

w-u-o<br />

345

346<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;udkudkav;<br />

(1950-51)<br />

jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk 1946 ckESpfwGif rHk½GmNrdKUrS atmifjrifcJhí wuúodkvfodkY<br />

qufvufynmoifMum;onf/ 1948-49 ckESpfESifh 1949-50 ckESpfrsm;wGif wuo trIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumuf<br />

wifajr§mufjcif;cH&í wuotwGif;a&;rª;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1950-51 ckESpfwGif wuoOuú| jzpfonf/<br />

rlvwef;rS wuúodkvfxd tcrJhynma&;pHepfESifh ûyvkyfonf/ wuúodkvfyxrESpfoifwef;rsm; (Oypmtykdif;-u<br />

ESifh 0dZÆmtydkif;-u) tm; pmar;yGJvkyfa&;ESifh ywfoufí y,fzsuf&ef ûyvkyfcJhonf/ aemfa0jynf atmfpvdkNrdKUwGif<br />

usif;yaom urÇmhwuúodkvf0efxrf;tzGJY (World University Service) nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/<br />

OD;udkudkav;onf &efukefNrdKU jrLeDpDyg,fwGif jynfolYqufqHa&; t&m½Sdtjzpf EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk ,ck xrf;aqmif<br />

vsuf½Sdonf/<br />

OD;cifarmifjrifh<br />

Source: SLORC Press Conference<br />

OD;cifarmifjrifh- {&m0wDwdkif;? a';'&JNrKdU ZmwdjzpfNyD;? uG,fvGefol tqdkausmf udkoef;vIdif\ tudkjzpf<br />

onf/ zufqpf*syefqefYusifa&; umvtwGif;u vli,fjzpfaom OD;cifarmifjrifhonf Adkvfae<br />

0if;ESifh ocifpdk;tMum; qufom;tjzpf wm0ef,l aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

1949 ckESpfwGif &uo trIaqmifwOD;tjzpf wm0ef,laqmif½GufcJhonf/ OD;cif<br />

armifjrifhonf 1950-51 'k-Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§muf cH&onf/ 1958 ckESpfwGif<br />

tdrfapmifhtpdk;&u zrf;qD;NyD; udk;udk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&onf/ 1960 ckESpf ausmfrsm;wGif yrnw<br />

acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfum 1963 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvwGif ]]rdkifw&mNidrf;csrf;a&;c&D;½Snf}} csDwuf<br />

qE´jyyJGwGif jynfolUaumfrwD0ifESifh vlxkppfaMumif;rsm;\ wyfrSL;csKyftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh qE´jyyJGNyD;í &uftenf;i,ftMumwGif tzrf;cH&NyD; udk;udk;uRef;odkY 'kwd,tBudrf<br />

ydkYcH&onf/ 1973 ckESpfwGif jyefvGwfonf/ 1978 wGif wwd,tBudrf xyfrHtzrf;cH&NyD; 1980<br />

ckESpfwGif jyefvGwfonf/<br />

1988 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmvwGif jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwDudk zJGUpnf;NyD; Ouú|tjzpf<br />

wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1988 ckESpfESifh 1989 ckESpfrsm;twGif; ppftmPm½Sifpepf qefYusifa&;w&m;rsm;<br />

a[mMum;cJhonf/ 1989 ZGefvwGif jynfolUwdk;wufa&;ygwD A[dktrIaqmiftzJGUwckvHk;udk<br />

zrf;qD;&m OD;cifarmifjrifhyg pwkw¬tBudrf tzrf;cH&onf/ 1989 ck? Edk0ifbm (6) &ufaeYwGif<br />

axmif'PftESpf (20) csrSwfjcif;cH&onf/ 1993 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dvv,favmufwGif<br />

0rf;udkufa&m*g cHpm;&NyD; tif;pdefaxmiftwGif;üyif touf (63) ESpfwGif uG,fvGefonf/ olemr<br />

usef; jzpfaecsdefwGif tmPmydkifrsm;u aq;0g;ukoay;&ef jiif;y,fjcif;cHcJh&onf/<br />

rqvtpdk;&rS ay;aom EdkifiH*kPf&nfbJGUudk vufcH&efjiif;y,fcJhonf/<br />

(tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm;? {&m0wDpmtkyfwdkuf? 1999? pm-26/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD\<br />

EdkifiHawmftmPmodrf;a&;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;? 1989? pm-77)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tcef; (14)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1951 rS 1952)<br />

(u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf ay:aygufvmjcif; (1951-52)<br />

1951-52 ckESpf tpydkif;wGif ausmif;om;avmuü t"dutiftm;pkrSm oefY½Sif;ESifh wdk;wufwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;wdkY\ yifudk,fobm0t& zdESdyfoludk qefYusifvdkjcif;? trSefw&m;udk jrwfEdk;jcif;? tmPm&tzGJUtpnf;wdkY\<br />

jyKrlaqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk rauseyfjcif;? rnfolonf rdrdausmif;om;ta&;udk opöm½Sd½Sd jywfom;&J0ifhpGm aqmif½GufEdkif<br />

rnfhtay: tuJjzwfjcif; ponfwdkYaMumifh wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk wpwp ydkrdkaxmufcHvmMuonf/<br />

wdk;wufwdkY\ acgif;aqmifrI wufvmonf/ xdktcsdeftxd &efukefwuúodkvfonf tpOftvmESifh taetxm;t&<br />

wjynfvHk;½Sdausmif;om;rsm;udk OD;aqmifrI ay;&m ae&mjzpfonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif wdk;wuftiftm;pk OD;aqmifrI<br />

jrifhrm;vmonfESifh trQrEÅav;wuúodkvf tygt0if e,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;wGif trsm;pkonf wdk;wuftiftm;pk\<br />

acgif;aqmifrIudk vufcHvmMuonf/ wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pkonf e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk tawmfav; us,fus,f<br />

jyefYjyefY pnf;½Hk;EdkifcJhaom tajctae½Sdonf/<br />

xkdtcsdef a½Twd*Hkbk&m;? tv,fypö,H½Sd OD;at;armifZ&yfwGif ausmif;om;nDvmcH usif;yonf/ xdknDvmcH<br />

usif;yaomtcsdefESihf oefY½Sif;tiftm;pkuvnf; wuotaqmuftODwGif pifNydKifnDvmcH usif;yonf/ rlv Auo<br />

rSmvnf; awmxJa&mufoGm;NyDjzpfí vpfvyfoGm;aom ae&mwGif tiftm;pk (2) ck NydKifMujcif; jzpfonf/ Auo (2) ck<br />

ay:aygufrnfh tajctaeonf ausmif;om;xktwGuf aumif;aom vu©Pm r[kwfay/ OD;at;armifZ&yfodkY wuf a&muf<br />

aom e,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUonf wckwnf;aom nDvmcHjzpfajrmufa&;? wckwnf;aom<br />

Auo jzpfajrmufa&; twGuf BudK;yrf;Muonf/ wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pkuvnf; wckwnf;aom nDvmcHESifh<br />

wckwnf;aom AuozGJUa&;udk vdkvm;onf/ nDvmcHudk acwå&yfí usif;ycJhonf/ e,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; BudK;yrf;rI<br />

udk axmufcHBudKqdkcJhonf/ oefY½Sif;ESifh wdk;wuf aqG;aEG;&m atmifjrifrI r&cJhay/ þodkY wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk<br />

OD;pD;usif;yaom nDvmcHwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (A.B.F.S.U) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ oefY½Sif;tiftm;pku BuD;rSL;í<br />

Auo (A.B.S.U) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif;wGif oefY½Sif;tiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrI csdeJY ,drf;,dkifvmjcif;?<br />

347

348<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

trSefwu,f ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk us,f0ef;pGm pnf;½Hk;EdkifrI r½Sdjcif;? ausmif;om; jyóemESifh ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIudk<br />

xda&mufjywfom;pGm OD;aqmifEdkifrI r½Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh oefY½Sif;wdkY\ (A.B.S.U) rSm wjznf;jznf; vHk;yg;yg;um<br />

wdrfjrKyf aysmufuG,foGm;avonf/<br />

wdk;wufwdkY\ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf e,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY pnf;½Hk;um xda&muf<br />

pGm OD;aqmifrIay;Edkifaom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfcJh&m wckwnf;aom Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyftjzpf cdkifcdkifrmrm &yfwnfEdkifcJhonf/<br />

(c) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh AuotzGJUtrIaqmifrsm;<br />

A.B.F.S.U & A.B.S.U<br />

(c-1) wdk;wufwdkh\ Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf (A.B.F.S.U) trIaqmifrsm;rSm<br />

udkvS0if; Ouú| (,cif Auo twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;)<br />

(ñTefrSL; tqifhjrifhynmOD;pD;Xme)<br />

udkausmfNidrf; 'k-Ouú| (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

udkwiftHk; 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkatmifbef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

udkbaumif; wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (aemif tajccHynmausmif;om;a&;&m)<br />

udkpdk;odef; b@ma&;rSL;<br />

udkodef;atmif aiGxdef;<br />

udkat;oef; EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL; (aemif or0efvufaxmuf)<br />

udkrif;vGif (aemif pma&;q&m armifom&)<br />

udkwifhvGif wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

(c-2) 1951-52 wuotrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ udkpdefbef; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkOD;armif 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkwifatmif b@ma&;rSL;<br />

4/ udkausmfausmf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

5/ udkwifarmifxGwf wGJzuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

6/ udkwifxGef; jyefMum;a&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

7/ udkjrifhcdkif EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

8/ udkcifarmifvwf aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh oufomacsmifcsda&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

9/ udkudkav; wuúodkvfESifh vlxkynma&;XmetwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

10/ cdkifjrJzdk;csdef tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH<br />

11/ udkvScif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

(c-3) oefh½Sif; AuotrIaqmiftzGJYrsm; (A.B.S.U) 1951-52<br />

1/ udkpdefbef; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkpdefvGif 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkcifarmifñGefU b@ma&;rSL;<br />

4/ udk0if;az taxGtaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

5/ udkudkBuD; wGJzuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

6/ udk&JxGwf EdkifiHjcm;a&;rSL; ("gwfyHkwGif- udkwifatmif[k azmfjyxm;onf/)<br />

7/ udkvSpdk;vGif aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL;<br />

8/ udkpdef0if; ÓPAvESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

9/ udkjrifhodef; jyefMum;a&;rSL;<br />

10/ udkatmifausmfjrifh um,AvrSL;<br />

11/ udkjrifhaqG wGJzuf um,AvrSL;<br />

12/ udkcspfaqG &JacgifXmerSL;<br />

13/ udkpHarmif wGJzuf &JacgifXmerSL;<br />

14/ udkjrifhodef; wGJzuf vufaxmuftwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

Source: Aung Tun Original Copy<br />

oefh½Sif; AuotrIaqmiftzJGY (1951-52)<br />

a½SYwef;- udkjrifhodef; udkcifarmifñGefh udkpdefvGif udkpdefbef; udk0if;az ukdudkBuD; udkwifatmif<br />

(jyefMum;a&;rSL;) (b@ma&;rSL;) ('k-Ouú|) (Ouú|) (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) (wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) (EdkifiHjcm;qufqHa&;)<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf trIaqmiftzGJUtjyif trIaqmiftoD;oD;u vkyfief;tvdkuf OD;aqmifaom AsL½dkrsm;<br />

xm;½Sdonf/ wdk;wufwdkY OD;pD;usif;yaom AuonDvmcHwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pnf;rsOf;udk wifjy twnfjyKonf/<br />

xkdpnf;rsOf;udk tajccHí Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf zGJUpnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

nDvmcHwGif trsKd;om;a&;? ausmif;om;a&;? urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; ponfwdkYESifh pyfvsOf;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk<br />

wnDwñGwfwnf; csrSwfEdkifcJhonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ,cif Auorsm;enf;wl urÇmhausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyf<br />

(I.U.S) tzGJU0if jzpfcJhonf/ þodkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf zGJUpnf;Edkifjcif;jzifh wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk<br />

w&m;0if pnf;½Hk;OD;aqmifa&;twGuf A[dktzGJUtpnf; xlaxmifEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ wuúodkvfe,fajrrS pnf;½Hk;a&;udkvnf;<br />

tusKd;jyKcJhonf/<br />

(*) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf vkyfaqmifcsufrSm;,Gif;rIrsm; (1951-52)<br />

1951 ckESpfwGif zqyvtpkd;&onf &efukeftpdk;&[k ac:&aom tajctaerS vGwfajrmuf aeNyDjzpfonf/<br />

xkdpOfu tpdk;&udk vufeufudkif wdkufcdkufaeaom tiftm;pkrsm;vnf; NrdKUay:rS xGufajy;aeMuNyD; aus;vufrsm;wGif<br />

MoZmtmPm jyefYvsuf½Sdonf/ odkYaomf NrdKUay:wGif ¤if;wdkY pnf;½Hk;a&; ½Sdoifhoavmuf ½Sdaeavonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;<br />

a&; r½Sdao;bJ jynfwGif;ppf t½Sdefaumif;qJ jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;ppfESifhtwl zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;vnf; ½Sdao;onf/<br />

xkdtcsdefumvwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihf ausmif;om;xkta&; twGuf<br />

wuf

350<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

oabmxm;cJhonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf Oya'wGif;½Sd usefvlwef;pm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; tmPmpuf? ½kyf0w¬KESifh tcGifhta&;<br />

rsm;ay;jcif;? oyfvQKdpnf;½Hk;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/ odkYaomf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfudk rdrdwdkYqE´½Sdovdk zdEdSyfEdkifjcif;?<br />

pnf;½Hk; NzdKcGJEdkifjcif; rjyKEdkifyg/ þodkYjzifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wjynfvHk; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk OD;aqmif<br />

pnf;½Hk;vIyf½Sm;aom wckwnf;aom pifNydKifr½Sd? NydKifzufr½Sd w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; jzpfcJhonf/ xdktzGJUtpnf;onf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf½Sd wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrIudk cH,lcJhayonf/<br />

¤if;tiftm;pkrSm a½SUuazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; trmcHtkyfpk (3) pkay: tajccHxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ jyóem<br />

t&yf&yfudk qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;odkY rwifjyrD tajccHtkyfpkudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yl;aygif;xm;aom Joint Committee<br />

wGif OD;pGm aqG;aEG;ñSdEdIif;onf/ ¤if;wGif&½Sdxm;aom oabmwlnDcsufudk qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;taeESifh tiftm;pktaeESihf<br />

wm0ef,l taumiftxnfazmf vIyf½Sm;onf/ tkyfpk taetxm;& taumif;qHk;tkyfpku ta&;BuD;aomae&m Key<br />

Post rsm; &,lcGifh½Sdjcif;? OD;a&rsm; ydkrdk&½SdEdkifjcif;½Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh jyóemt&yf&yfudk qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;\ trIaqmif<br />

wGif wifjy&efxuf OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwDwGif yrmPn§dEdIif;a&;udk tiftm;enf;aom tkyfpkrsm;u tav;xm;onf/<br />

tBuD;? tvwf? ti,ftkyfpk (3) rsKd;wGif ta&twGuf tenf;qHk; ti,ftkyfpku ydkí tav;xm;onf/<br />

þodkYjzifh jyóemt&yfudk OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwDwGifom ñ§dEIdif;tqHk;tjzwf,lNyD; vkyfief;rsm; taumift<br />

xnfazmfaomtcg w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; trIaqmiftzGJUo@mef arS;rSdefvmonf/ trIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0; xdkifí<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuf rcsoavmufjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif EdkifiHa&;todjzifh vnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYtkyfpk udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ygaom<br />

OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwD\ tqHk;tjzwf cH,lí vnf;aumif;? trIaqmiftzGJU\ tcef;u@ aysmufaejcif;udk t"du<br />

rxm;? us&mwm0efudk ,HkMunfcsufjzifh vkyfcJhMuonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif xkdvkyfenf;vkyf[efrSm rrSefuefyg/ ¤if;tusKd;qufrSm trmcHtkyfpk (3) ckrS &Jabmfrsm; omr[kwfbJ<br />

rdrdESifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifEdkifaom tjcm;&Jabmfrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh us,fjyefYaom toGifjzifh zGJUpnf; vIyf½Sm;<br />

vmaomtcg txufyg vkyfenf;vkyf[efaMumifh w&m;0if trIaqmifyHkpH aysmufvmjcif;? rvdkvm;tyfaom jyóemrsm;<br />

awGUMuHK&onf/<br />

(C) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;<br />

jynfwGif;ppf\ ted|m½Hkrsm; csKyfNidrf;ap&ef jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;t& awGUqHkaqG;aEG;<br />

ajz½Sif;apvdkaom toHrsm; xGufay:vmaomtcg zqyvu vufeufudkif awmfvSefwdkufcdkufaeaom tiftm;pkrsm;udk<br />

aomif;usef;ol a&mifpHkolykefrsm;[k owfrSwfum vufeufcsNyD; tvif;0if&ef ajymonf/ wzufuvnf; EdkifiHa&;<br />

cH,lcsuf cdkifrmjyif;xefolrsm; jzpf½kHomru omreftzGJUtpnf;rsKd; r[kwfí vufeufcsum jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;udk<br />

vHk;0vufrcH/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&jzpfvdkaom toHrsm; xGufay:vmonf/ w½kwfuGefjrLepfygwD\ *syef<br />

zufqpfwdkufcdkufa&;umvwGif csrSwfcJhonfh Nidrf;csrf;a&; ñGefYaygif;tpdk;&vrf;pOfESifh ywfoufonfhf pmwrf;rsm;<br />

udk tajccHa&;om;xm;aom bmomjyefpmtkyftcsKdU xGufay:vmonf/<br />

jynfwGif;ppfudk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh &yfpJ&ef? a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tdk;a0r*¾Zif;bJGYav;csKd;udk wuúokdvfusifUxHk;<br />

ed*Hk;csKyfuAsm ]&pemav;csKd;BuD;} vdkYvnf;<br />

trnfay;xm;onf/ þav;csKd;BuD;wGif q&mBuD;u<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; nDñGwfMu&ef<br />

wdkufwGef;xm;onf/ nDñGwfrS<br />

Nidrf;csrf;om,mEdkifaMumif; ñTefjyonf/ xdkYjyif<br />

e,fcsJUESifh w½kwfjzLta&;rSmvnf; pdwfrat;p&m<br />

jzpfaMumif; q&mBuD;u owday;xm;onf/<br />

(vufa½G;pifav;csKd;w&m? pm- 348)<br />

jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzJGYcsKyf acgif;aqmif<br />

ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;<br />

(2) aMomf (Logic) avm*sdwfh acwfu,fvdkU? aumvdyftjzpfwGifjzifh? wavmpdwfnpfbG,f- q&mMuHKoeJY?<br />

&wemyHk taemufbuf awmifpOf pudkif;wGifjzifh? armif&ifrdSKif;BuD;- Adkvf0ifcHNyD;? [dkt&if ,ref- touf½SdorQ<br />

BudK;rayghvdkU zdkyv’ifysHrSm t*¾d,xdk;&mu? trsKd;bmom? ½kd;&mtwGufudkjzifh? toufaoawmif?<br />

raoGra½Smifbl; qdkwJh? xdkwuJhtaumif? tcifwyJh uav;wdkUudkv rif;avmif; rif;vsmawGudk?<br />

xrif;awmif;um auR;cJhwJhtjyif ]aMomf} t,loefoefjzifh? ukvm;jzLESHr[Jh ukvm;jzLESHr[JheJU?<br />

wqlql wnHnHawGudk? tvSLcHvdkUarG;NyD; ]tif;} ukvm;ta&;pbdkY? 'g;aoG;Mu[JheJU?<br />

tmay;um q&mulnDojzifh? jrefrmZAÁL'D tppfwaumif;qdkwJh acwfwaumif;&JUjyif?<br />

jrifjrifu&mudk? twGifomtkyftkyfNyD;? (Empire) tifyg&m vkyfcsifwJh vl½Iyfaumif e,fcsJUtaygif;udkjzifh?<br />

a'gif;prkwf wvSJYwnfhatmifaemfuG,f? raumif;t½kyf? ukvm;a*gif;jyKwfua&mYvdkU? armif;xkwfcJhNyD/ /<br />

(3) odkYvuGm? tqifrwJhcsifawmh? ]]wdkYArm}} ociftzGJUqDu u MuifwyJh taxGaxGtvDvD/<br />

ta0rnDapwJh? wudefudef tarSmifhrao;? tdkuG,f! at-bD-pD (A.B.C) awG&JU tdrfapmifhacG;/ /<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

(4) cufyJcufouGm? ½SufvJ½Sufp&m? vuf0Jvusfm tjzLteD? vlw½Sif;wdkUaMumifh . . .<br />

]aMomf} wrdom;csif;awGawmif owdw&m;uif;uif;NyD;? tcsif;csif;yif rnDrñGwfrlí?<br />

jynfuRwfatmif tNrD;waxmifaxmifESifh . . . wnD;nD;wajymifajymif rD;avmifwdkufoGif;csdefrdkU?<br />

csif;wGif; aus;tnmwcdku? uav;&mZ N*dK[fudkawmif? awG;um tvdkvdkvGrf;rdwJhjyif?<br />

rpGrf;Ekdif romr,m 'ku©jzifh? Z&m'kAÁvt½G,f ½GHpbG,feJY? tvGefri,fwJh (77) ESpftwGif;wGif;rS?<br />

uRefacwfpm&if; wzefwcg? jyefuma&mufrvm;vdkU aemufwD;aemufcsm rcefYpGmpdwfu,fESifh?<br />

aMumufvnf;aMumufcg vefYumxdyfrdwJhjyif . . . ]tr,frif;} jrefrmh &efESpfaxGt&dyfayrdkU?<br />

wdwfESifhedrdwfESifh t&m&mawG;awG;NyD;.... aMomf? ArmjrefajyxdyfqdkwJh.....<br />

Armcsefau½SdufwdkYaMumifh pdwfjzifhq&mrat;/ /<br />

ocifudk,fawmfrdSKif; (vufa½G;pifav;csKd;w&m? pm- 348)<br />

351

352<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(p) wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm (1951-52)<br />

taxGaxGXme<br />

1951-52 ck? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifa½G;aumufyGJudk pnf;rsOf; Oya't& (2) Budrf<br />

cGJí usif;ycJhonf/<br />

yxrtBudrf a½G;aumufyGJudk 1951 ck? pufwifbmv (11) &ufaeYü usif;yjyKvkyfcJhí? Ouú| udkpdefbef;?<br />

'k-Ouú| udkOD;armif? b@ma&;rSL; udkwifatmifwdkYudk a½G;aumufwifajr§muf cJhMuayonf/<br />

'kwd,tBudrf a½G;aumufyGJudk 1951 ck? pufwifbmv (21) &ufaeYü usif;yjyKvkyfí udkausmfausmf<br />

(taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkwifarmifxGwf (wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)? udkwifxGef; (jyefMum;a&;Xme?<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkjrifhcdkif (EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;Xme? twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkudkav; (wuúodkvfESifh vlxkynma&;Xme?<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkcifarmifvwf (aygif;oif;qufqHa&;ESifh oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme? twGif;a&;rSL;) wdkYudk<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§muf cJhMuygonf/<br />

a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&aom trIaqmiftzGJUrSm wuo pnf;rsOf;Oya't& r*¾Zif;Xme? wm0efcH<br />

pmwnf;tjzpf trfcdkifjrJzdk;csdefESifh pmMunhfwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkvScifwdkYtm; cefYtyfvdkufygonf/<br />

wuo pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifhtnD zGJUpnf;NyD;ajrmufcJhaom trIaqmiftzGJUonf 1951 ck? pufwifbmv<br />

28 &ufaeYwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODü usrf;opömusdefqdkí wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk vufcH aqmif½GufcJhygonf/<br />

xdkusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJodkY zdwfMum;csuft& ae;½Sif;owif;pm t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;avm½Hk? jynfolYNidrf;csrf;a&;<br />

tzGJUacgif;aqmif OD;atmifoef;ESifh wuoOuú|a[mif; 0efBuD; trfat&m½SpfwdkY

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

txl;&efyHkaiGrS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; (12) a,mufwdkYtm; axmufyHhaMu;aiG wv 60d^-usyf xkwfay;&ef oabmwl<br />

nDygonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuorS atmufwdkbmv (26) &ufaeYwGif avQmufvTmrsm; ac:,lcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif<br />

oufqdkif&mwdkY\ tvkyfoabmt& ay:aygufcJhaom tcuftcJwdkYaMumifh aiGxkwfay;a&;udpöonf aESmifhaES;cJh aomf<br />

vnf; ,ckESpf Zlvdkifv twGif;wGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; (12) a,mufwdkYtm; wa,mufvQif axmufyHhaMu;aiG<br />

(600) usyf wdwdudk ulnDaxmufyhHcJhNyD; jzpfygonf/ axmufyHhaMu;&xdkufolrsm;tm; a½G;cs,f&mü wuoonf<br />

atmufygrltwdkif; a½G;cs,fcJhygonf/<br />

(1) ynmBudK;pm;rI½Sdjcif;?<br />

(2) aiGtultnD trSefwu,fvdkjcif;?<br />

(3) <strong>or*¾</strong>pdwf½Sdjcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/<br />

trSefpifppf axmufyHhaMu;avQmufol tm;vHk;vdkvdkyif aiGa&;aMu;a&; usyfwnf;rIESihf &ifqdkifvsuf ½Sdolrsm;<br />

yif jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; a½G;cs,f&mü tcuftcJ awGU½SdcJh&ygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap uREkfyfwdkYonf a½G;cs,f&mü<br />

txufyg rltwdkif; wOD;ESifhwOD; EdIif;,SOfNyD; aiGtultnD ydkrdkvdktyfonf[k MuHpnf,lq&aom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;<br />

(12) a,mufwdkYtm; axmufyhHaMu;aiGrsm;udk xkwfay;cJh&ygonf/<br />

axmufyHhaMu;aiG &½Sdolrsm;rSm-<br />

1/ raMumif0g; cHkeHygwf - 670 'k-Oypm<br />

2/ r&if&if cHkeHygwf - 84 y-Oypm<br />

3/ udkvSatmif cHkeHygwf - 1014 y-Oypm<br />

4/ udkatmifoef; cHkeHygwf - 978 y-Oypm<br />

5/ udkat;az cHkeHygwf - 198 'k-Oypm<br />

6/ udkxGef;ñGefY cHkeHygwf - 549 y-Oypm<br />

7/ udktkef;az cHkeHygwf - 966 'k-Oypm<br />

8/ udkBudKifxGef; cHkeHygwf - 663 y-Oypm<br />

9/ udkwifjrifh cHkeHygwf - 1106 y-Oypm<br />

10/ udkbwkwf cHkeHygwf - 161 y-Oypm<br />

11/ udkaomif;wif cHkeHygwf - 4 'k-Oypm<br />

12/ udkñGefYarmif cHkeHygwf - 581 y-Oypm<br />

wuúodkvf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk; usef;rma&;ppfaq;&efudk wuowckwnf;jzifh aqmif½Guf&ef<br />

cJ,Of;ojzifh wuorS oufqdkif&modkY tultnDawmif;&m ,ckESpfOD;rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tm;vHk;wdkYtm; usef;rm<br />

a&;ppfaq;jcif; jyKEdkifcJhygonf/<br />

Edk0ifbmv (23) &ufaeY? trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (oefY½Sif;aom<br />

ausmif;om;xk) rS BuD;rSL;í bDatat abmvHk;uGif;BuD;wGifusif;y&m wuoonf ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;aom<br />

xkdtcrf;tem;odkY tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufNyD; yg0ifqifETJcJhonf/<br />

'DZifbmvwGif wuúodkvf tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS rdrdwdkY\ vwfwavm epfemcsufrsm;udk<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY awmif;qdk&m jiif;y,fojzifh qE´jyoydwfarSmufcJh&m wuorS yxrajcvSrf; taejzifh aMunmcsuf<br />

xkwfjyefí xkdqE´jyoydwfudk axmufcHcJhygonf/ xkdrSwqifh tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;\ vufwavm epfemcsuf<br />

rsm;udk wuorS wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY xyfrH wifjyjyefonf/ 1951 ck? 'DZifbmv (7) &ufaeUwGif wuorS ausmif;om;<br />

xk tpnf;ta0;ac:,lí nDaemifrsm;jzpfaom tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;onf w&m;enf;<br />

vrf;usojzifh axmufcHaMumif;jzifh tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ qE´jyoydwfudk axmufcHaom tm;jzifh<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;udkvnf; (7) &ufaeUrS (8) &ufaeY? naetxd (2) &ufwdwd qE´jy u½kPmoydwfarSmuf&ef<br />

qHk;jzwf ygonf/ wuoonf tif*sifeD,mta&;udk aqmif½Guf&mü tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ wcJeufaom<br />

tultnD pnf;vHk;rIudk &½Sdojzifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk auseyfzG,f&m &½SdcJhonf/<br />

e,fcsJUwdkYtm; wdkufcdkuf&if;? toufpGefYoGm;½Smonfh Adkvfatmifausmf\aeUjzpfaom 'DZifbmv (20) &uf?<br />

ausmif;om;aeYwGif wuoü ausmif;om;aeY tcrf;tem; usif;ycJhygonf/<br />

Adkvfatmifausmf\ txdrf;trSwftjzpf Adkvfatmifausmf\ udk,fw0uf opfom;½kyfxkonf wuo<br />

taqmuftODa½SUwGif ppfrjzpfrDu xifxif½Sm;½Sm; wnf½SdcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif ppfab; ppf'PfaMumihf ,dk,Gif;cJh&ay&m<br />

353

354<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

,aeUwdkif jyefvnf rwnfaqmufEdkifao;ojzifh þudpöudk ½kyfvHk;ay:onftxd wm0ef,l aqmif½Guf&ef tjrJwrf;<br />

tzGJU wckudk Akdvfatmifausmf txdrf;trSwf &efyHkaiGaumfrwD trnfjzihf 'DZifbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif zGJUpnf;ay;cJhonf/<br />

tzGJU0ifvlBuD;rsm;rSmobmywd<br />

OD;pdefbef; (wuo? Auo Ouú|)<br />

b@ma&;rSL; OD;ydkif (tNidrf;pm; tdkifpDtuf 0wfvHkawmf&)<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; OD;ausmfausmf (wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

trIaqmifrsm; OD;apm[ef (tNidrf;pm; tdkif-pD-tuf)<br />

0efBuD; trfat &m&Spf (wuoOuú|a[mif;)<br />

OD;omxGef;atmif (ArmEdkifiH ukefonfBuD;rsm;toif; Ouú|)<br />

rpöwm ,lEGwfbmvD (trfat? t,fvft,fvfbD)<br />

OD;wifatmif ( wuotrIaqmif)<br />

OD;udkudkav; (wuotrIaqmif)<br />

OD;wifxGef; ( wuotrIaqmif)<br />

OD;0if;az (AuotaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

OD;pdefvGif (Auo 'k-Ouú|)<br />

tD*spfjynfwGif ausmif;om;vli,frsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fvsuf½Sdaom e,fcsJUwdkYtm;<br />

½IHUcsaMumif;jzihf Auo (oefY½Sif;aom ausmif;om;xk) ESifh wuowdkY yl;wGJí qHk;jzwfNyD; aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

19- 10- 51 ckESpf? trIaqmiftzGJU wdkufzsufatmifjrifcJhaom pmar;yGJ 3 BudrfusvQif ausmif;xkwfcH&rnf<br />

[laomtcsufudk jyefvnftoufoGif;rnfh t&dyfvu©Pmrsm; ay:aygufvmojzihf wuoonf ausmif;om; udk,fpm;<br />

vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;wdkYtm; þjyóemrsKd; ay:aygufvmygu rnfonhf tcsdeftcg ae&mXmera½G; wdkufzsufypf&ef<br />

ñTefMum;cJhonf/ xkdñTefMum;csuftwdkif; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wuúodkvfaumifpDvlBuD;rsm;\ BudK;yrf;csufaMumihf<br />

1952 ck? Zefe0g&D (12) &ufaeUwGif usif;yaom aumifpDtpnf;ta0;wGif þtcsufonf vHk;0ausysufoGm;NyD<br />

jzpfygonf/<br />

½ku©aA' vufaxmufuxduq&m rpöwmqdkac;? vufaxmufuxdu a':jrpfESifh ausmif;om;&Jabmf (2)<br />

OD;\ psmye udpöwGifvnf; tokbydkYaqmif&ef EdI;aqmfvsuf armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh o,f,lydkYaqmifay;cJhygonf/<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY awmif;qdkcsuft& wuúodkvf ajy;ckefupm;yGJaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,fESifh<br />

q&mOD;a& tnDtrQ yg0ifapvsuf zGJUpnf;ay;cJhygonf/ ausmif;om;udkk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;rSm udktkH;cdkif? udk0if;az?<br />

udkoef;0if;? udka½SmMunfESifh udkausmfjrifh wdkYjzpfygonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifc (17) usyfonf xdkufwefonfxuf ydkrdkvsuf½Sdonf[k ,lqojzihf avQmhayghay;&ef? 1951<br />

ck? 'DZifbmvuyif awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; xkdudpörSm tcsdefMumjrifhcJhygonf/ 1952 ck? Zlvdkifv aumifpDtpnf;<br />

ta0;wGif pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;í ausmif;om;wOD;twGuf wvvQif aiG (60) usyfxuf rydkapbJ ¤if;aiG (60) usyfudk<br />

cGJa0&mü ausmif;aqmifcudk avQmhayghapvsuf tpm;taomufbufwGif xyfavmif; xnfhoGif;ay;&ef ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumf rwDodkY ñTefMum;ygrnf[k qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfwGif 1951-52 ckrS pí tcvGwfynmoifMum;a&;pepf oGwfoGif;cJhaomfvnf; pmar;yGJ<br />

0ifaMu;vGwfNidrf;cGifh r&jcif;rSm tcvGwfynmoifMum;a&;0g'ESihf qefYusifaeonf[k ,lqojzihf pmar;yGJ0ifcGifh vGwfNidrf;<br />

cGifhjyK&ef awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif wuúodkvfaumifpDrS xdkudpöonf tpdk;&ESihf oufqdkifojzifh tpdk;&odkY awmif;qdk<br />

cJh&m ,cktcsdeftxd jyefMum;jcif; rjyKao;aMumif;jzihf wuoodkY taMumif;jyefcJhygonf/<br />

xkduJhodkY tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJh&mrS 1952 ck? {NyDvodkY a&muf½SdcJhojzifh aEG&moD ausmif;ydwf&uf<br />

twGif; wuo\ tvkyfudpöt00wdkYudk wm0ef,laqmif½Guf&ef aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;tjzpf udkpdefbef;? udktHk;cdkif?<br />

udkausmfausmf? udkwifxGef;ESifh trf cdkifjrJzdk;csdefwdkYtm; cefYtyfcJhygonf/<br />

ausmif;jyefzGifhonfh tcsdefwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmojzihf ae&mxkdifcif; tcuftcJ jyóem<br />

ay:aygufvmrnfudk od½Sdonfhtwdkif; wuúodkvf½Sd vdktyfonfh taqmuftODrsm; tjrefqHk; csJUxGifwnfaqmuf&ef<br />

BudKwif awmif;qdkcJhygonf/<br />

wuúodkvfrS ausmif;aqmif taqmuftODwckom ,ckESpftzdkY aqmufrnf[kqdkojzihf aemufxyf tenf;qHk;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmif (2) ckESifh ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmif (1) ,ckESpftzdkY xyfrHwnf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

aqmufay;&ef awmif;qdkygonf/ xkdawmif;qdkcsuft& wuúodkvfaumifpDrS EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&xHodkY 1952-53 ckESpf<br />

twGuf wuúodkvfaxmufyhHaMu; &efyHkaiGwGif vdktyfaomaiGudk xnfhoGif; owfrSwfay;&ef awmif;qdkxm; aMumif;jzihf<br />

wuoodkY taMumif;jyefMum; cJhygonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf a&½Sm;yg;í a&rvHkravmufjzpfae&m 0if'grD&m½Sd<br />

a&avSmifuefrS a&rsm;udk 0,f,l&eftwGuf oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESihf oGm;a&muf pDpOf&ef vnf;aumif;? jzpfEdkifrnf<br />

qdkygu ¤if;a&avSmifuefrS wuúodkvfa&avSmifuefodkY ,ckvuf½Sd (3) vufr a&ydkufrS a&&Edkif&eftwGuf &efukef<br />

aumfydka&;½Sif;ESifh aphpyf&ef wuúodkvf0if;rSL;tm; wm0efay;jcif;jzihf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufudk<br />

aqmif½Gufay;cJhygonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;aqmifrsm;½Sd a&csKd;cef;rsm;ESifh tdrfomrsm; npfywfeHapmfjcif; r½Sd&atmif vdktyfonfh<br />

jyifqifcsufrsm; ûyvkyf&ef wuorS awmif;qdkojzihf? wuúodkvf0if; tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUodkY aqmif½Guf&ef ñTefMum;NyD;<br />

jzpfaMumif;jzihf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS taMumif;jyefMum;cJhygonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm;½Sd txyfwkdif;wGif aomufa&wdkifuDrsm; xm;ay;&ef awmif;qdkojzihf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS<br />

wuúodkvf0if;tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDodkY wm0ef,laqmif½Gufapygonf/<br />

ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; aexkdifrI tenf;i,foufomaumif;rGefap&ef tif;vsm;? bifwef? 0,fvifwef<br />

Owå&ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü av;a,mufcef;ESifh ESpfa,mufcef;rsm;udk wa,mufcef;rsm;tjzpf eH&Humay;&ef awmif;qdk<br />

ojzihf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS oabmwlnDNyD; aqmif½Guf&ef oufqdkif&modkY ñTefMum;wm0ef,lapygonf/ xkdYtjyif<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ausmif;om;wOD;vQif rD;wvHk;usay;&ef awmif;qdkonfudkvnf; oabmwlojzihf oufqkdif&mrS<br />

wyfqifay;&ef pDpOfaeNyD jzpfygonf/<br />

0dZÆmwef;rsm;ESifh odyÜHwef;rsm;wGif jrefrmpmudk roifrae& bmomjyKvkyfojzihf wuorS tajctae<br />

taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;wdkYaMumihf xkdudpöudk &yfqdkif;xm;&ef wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY uefYuGufpm ay;ydkYcJhygonf/ þtpD&ifcHpm<br />

a&;onfhtcsdef txd wuúodkvffrS rnfodkYrQ jyefMum;jcif; r½Sdao;ojzihf þudpöudk twdtustpD&if rcHEkdifyg/<br />

wuúodkvf omrefpmar;yGJrsm;ü tydkif;cGJjcm;jcif;ESifh trSwfpOftvdkuf tpDtpOf cGJjcm;jcif;udk zsufodrf;ay;&ef<br />

awmif;qdkcsufudk wuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJUrS oabmwlnDonf[k od½Sd&aomfvnf; þtpD&ifcHpm a&;onfhtcsdeftxd<br />

jyefMum;pm r&ao;yg/<br />

1952 ck? ZGefvwGif wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkausmfausmf cGifh,lojzihf? wGJzuf taxGaxGtwGif;<br />

a&;rSL; udkwifarmifxG#ftm; xkdXmeudk wm0ef,l aqmif½Gufapygonf/<br />

pmar;yGJpepfa[mif;t& ajzqkd&rnhf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;oifwef;rsm;ay;&ef awmif;qdkxm;&m ,ck<br />

tpD&ifcHpma&;onhf tcsdeftxd jyefMum;pm r&ao;yg/<br />

1951-52 ckESpftwGif; wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUonf txufazmfjyyg vkyfief;<br />

aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmif½GufcJh&m NyD;ajrmufcJhonfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; trsm;yif½Sdygonf/ rNyD;jywfao;onfh vkyfief;<br />

tcsKdUvnf; ½Sdygonf/ txl;tpD&ifcHvdkonfrSm ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkY\ aexkdifpm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

wuoonf txl;ta&;,l aqmif½GufcJhygonf/ odkY&mwGif xkduJhodkYaom udpörsm;rSm EkdifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh oufqdkif&m<br />

tmPmydkifwdkY\ vkyftm;ay:wGif rsm;pGmrSDcdkvsuf ½Sdojzihf ausmif;om;xkESifh wdkif;jynfvlxktm; xkdtcsufudk txl;<br />

ESvHk;ydkufMu&ef arwåm&yfcHvdkygonf/<br />

aemif qufvufwm0ef,lMurnfh trIaqmiftzGJUrsm;onf ausmif;om;xk\ vkyfief;rsm;udk atmifjrifpGm<br />

xrf;aqmifEdkifMuygap[k uREkfyfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUu arQmfvifhqkawmif;ygaMumif;/<br />

1951-52 ckESpf wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf 0wfvHkawmf& OD;ydkif (tNidrf;pm; tdkifpD<br />

tuf) ESifh OD;apm[ef (tNidrf;pm; tdkifpDtuf) wdkYtm; cefYtyfygonf/ wuo\ Oya' tMuHay;t&m½Sdtjzpf<br />

Oya' uxdu OD;jrifh 0wfvHkawmf&tm; cefYtyfygonf/ wuo\ pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;xl;tm; cefYtyfygonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tkyfxdef;oltjzpf OD;uHodef;tm; vnf;aumif;? pma&;tjzpf udktHk;jrifhtm; vnf;aumif;? ½Hk;aptjzpf<br />

armifvSausmftm; vnf;aumif; cefYtyfygonf/<br />

b@ma&;Xme tpD&ifcHpm<br />

b@ma&;XmeESihf ywfoufí tpD&ifcHvdkonfrSm 1950-51 ckESpf trIaqmiftzGJUrS 0ifaiG? xGufaiG pm&if;<br />

½Sif;wrf; pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESihf wuG vufusefaiG pkpkaygif; 332 usyf 2 yJ (okH;&m oHk;q,fh ESpfusyf ESpfyJ) wdwdudk<br />

355

356<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

vufcH &½SdcJhygonf/ 1951-52 ckESpftwGuf <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;0ifrsm;xHrS 3893 usyf (oHk;axmifh ½Spf&m udk;q,fh oHk;usyf)<br />

wdwdudk &½SdNyD;? <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD qdkifcef;rsm;rS (10) vtwGuf 3697d^-8yJ (oHk;axmifh ajcmuf&m udk;q,f Yckepfusyf<br />

½SpfyJ) wdwdudk &½Sdygonf/ wuúodkvfodkY EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS xkwfay;aom wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; odef;ig;q,fxJrS<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>twGuf aiGaygif; 16495 usyf (waomif; ajcmufaxmifh av;&m udk;q,fh ig;usyf) wdwdudk tcsKd;us &½Sdyg<br />

onf/ 1951-52 ckESpftwGuf <strong>or*¾</strong>t&yf&yf 0ifaiGaygif;rSm 24ç417d^-8yJ (ESpfaomif; av;axmifh av;&m wq,fh<br />

ckepfusyf ½SpfyJ) wdwdjzpf\/ 1952 ck? Zlvdkifvukeftxd ESpfcsKyfpm&if;ydwfcsdefwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>vufusefaiG bPfü 3774d-<br />

18 jym; (oHk;axmif ckepf&m ckepfq,fh av;usyf q,f½Spfjym;) ESifh aiGom; 29d-25jym; (ESpfq,fh udk;usyfESifh<br />

ESpfq,hf ig;jym;) ½SdNyD; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&xHrS pwkw¬ywf t&pfusaiGtjzpf 4123d-75jym; (av;axmifh w&m ESpfq,fh<br />

oHk;usyf ckepfq,fh ig;jym;) &½Sd&ef ½Sdojzihf pkpkaygif;aiG 7927d-18jym; (ckepfaxmif udk;&m ESpfq,fh ckepfusyfESifh<br />

q,fh½Spfjym;) wdwd jzpfygonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf txl;&efyHkaiGrS &½Sdaom aiG 7200d^- (ckepfaxmifh ESpf&musyf) wdwdudk wu,f&NyD;<br />

ynmBudK;pm;vdkMuaom ausmif;olausmif;om; (12) OD;wdkYtm; wuorS aeí wvvQif 60d^- (ajcmufq,fusyf)ESifh<br />

(10) vtwGuf wa,mufvQif 600d^- (ajcmuf&musyf) wdwdudk axmufyHhaMu;tjzpf xkwfay;EdkifcJhygonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? wuúodkvfESifU vlxkynmzGHNhzdK;a&;Xme ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? wuúodkvfESifh vlxkynmzGHUNzdK;a&;Xmeudk 1951 ck? pufwifbmv (21)<br />

&ufaeYrS pí vufcHaqmif½GufcJh&m atmufygwdkYudk atmifjrifcJhygonf/<br />

1951 ck? atmufwdkbmv (8) &ufaeUrS pí wuotaqmuftODwGif ypönf;rJhausmif;om;rsm;ESihf tvkyfo<br />

rm;rsm;tm; &nfpl;vsuf aeUpOf nae (4) em&DrS (6) em&D txd tcrJhwuúodkvf0ifoifwef; zGifhvSpfcJh&m t*Fvdyfpm?<br />

jrefrmpm? ocsFm? &mZ0if? yx0D? ½lyaA'ESifh "mwkaA' bmom&yfrsm;udk oifMum;jyo ay;ygonf/ xkd tcrJh oif<br />

wef;wGif vdktyfaom ausmif;oHk;ypönf;twGuf ausmif;om;wOD; 0ifaMu;aiG (2) usyfpD aumufcHygonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

ESihftvkyform; (200) cefY wufa&mufoifMum;Muonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; tusKd;twGufiSm pmrsuf<br />

ESm (60) rS (80) txd½Sdaom yx0DrSwfpkrsm; (Geography Notes)? "gwkaA'rSwfpkrsm; (Chemistry Notes)?<br />

t*Fvdyf pum;yHkuav;rsm;udk ½kdufESdyfxkwfa0cJh&m yx0DrSwfpkudk usoifhaom tzdk;ESihf a0iScJhygonf/<br />

txufazmfjyyg usefrSwfpk pmtkyfrsm;udk tcrJhxkwfa0ygonf/<br />

1951 ck? Edk0ifbmv (19) &ufaeYrS pí Oypm odyÜHoifwef; (Tutorial Classes in Pure Science) udk<br />

zGifhvSpfjyef&m ausmif;om;aygif; (150) ausmfausmf wufa&mufygonf/<br />

xkdoifwef;wGif (Geometry Questions) rsm; ½dkufESdyfí tcrJha0iSygonf/<br />

1951 ck? Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufaeYrS pí csif;ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ awmif;yefcsuft& jrefrmpmwGif<br />

tcuftcJ awGUaeMuaom nDawmf? aemifawmfrsm;jzpfMuonfh csif;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;jrefrmpmoifwef;udk<br />

zGifhvSpfcJhjyef ygonf/<br />

txufygwdkYudk aqmif½Guf&mü tyifyef;cHum ulnDí wuúodkvfoifwef;wGif oifMum;jyoay;Muaom<br />

udk0if;az (t*Fvdyfpm)? udkwifxGef; (t*Fvdyfpm)? udkwifarmif (t*Fvdyfpm)? udkatmifoef; (jrefrmpm)? udktHk;az<br />

(jrefrmpm)? udka½T (ocsFm)? udkatmifvSZH (ocsFm)? udkxGef;&if (yx0D)? udkwifarmifBuD; (&mZ0if)? udkxdef0if;<br />

("gwkaA')wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? Oypmwef;wGif oifMum;ay;onhf q&mOD;oef;0if; (B.S.c)? Alr.R.C Shaker<br />

(B.S.c)? udkuHñGefU? udkudkav;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? q&mOD;atmifcif (bDat)? udkausmfausmf (bDat) ? udkwifatmif<br />

(bDat) wdkYtm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;Oyum& wif½SdygaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/<br />

txufyg aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk Munfhjcif;tm;jzihf wdkawmif;vSpGmaom tcsdeftwGif;ü vkyfief;aqmifwm<br />

awmfawmfrsm;rsm; atmifjrifonfudk awGU&ojzifh þXmetwGuf tm;&auseyfzG,f½Sdonf[k xifjrifrdygonf/<br />

jyefMum;a&;Xme ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpm<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU jyefMum;a&;Xme\ 1951-52 ckESpf tvkyf<br />

oufwrf;twGif; aqmif½GufNyD;ajrmufcJhaom vkyfief;&yfrsm;udk tpD&ifcHygonf/<br />

jyefMum;a&;Xmeonf atmufyg&nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk xm;½SdNyD; xkd&nf½G,fcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnD&ef pGrf;orQ<br />

tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk aqmif½GufcJhonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

1/ wuoonf ausmif;om;xkESifh ruif;uGmbJ tjrJwap qufpyfrI½Sd&ef/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;xkESihf jynfolvlxk\ qufqHa&;wGif ajyjypfrI ½Sd&eftwGuf taxmuftyHhjyK&ef/<br />

3/ wuúodkvfESifh ausmif;om;xk\ tjzpftysuftajctaetrSefudk wdkif;jynfodkY wuoonf ausmif;om;<br />

xkESihf ruif;uGmbJ qufpyfrI½Sd&ef? ausmif;om;xk\ ynma&;? aexkdifpm;aomufa&; tp½SdonfESifh pyfvsOf;í<br />

epfemcsufrsm;? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? atmifjrifrIrsm;/ qHk;½HI;rIrsm;udk aMunmcsufrsm; xkwfjyefí today;cJhonf/<br />

wuo\ vkyfief;ESifh vIyf½Sm;rI[lorQudkvnf; aMunmcsufrsm;jzifh today;cJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkESihf jynfolvlxk\ qufqHa&;wGif ajyjypfom,map&ef aMunmcsufrsm;ESifh wrsKd;? owif;pm<br />

rsm;\ tultnDrsm;jzihf woG,f enf;vrf;½SdorQ aqmif½Gufay;cJhygonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkESihf pyfvsOf;í vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfESihf pyfvsOf;í vnf;aumif;? wuoESifh pyfvsOf;í<br />

vnf;aumif;? txifrSm; tjrifrSm; jzpfaeaom udpö&yfrsm;udk wdkif;jynf\ em;rsufpdozG,f jzpfaom owif;pmrsm;rS<br />

tcsdefrD BudK;pm; ajz½Sif;ay;cJhygonf/<br />

jyefMum;a&;Xmeonf r*¾Zif;XmeESifh yl;wGJí wuo\ tmabmftjzpf wywfwcg owif;pOf xkwfa0&ef<br />

BudK;yrf;ygaomfvnf; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ,ckESpftzdkY rxkwfa0Edkifjcif;udk 0rf;enf;ygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap<br />

jyefMum;a&;Xme\ t"du aqmif½Guftyfaom udpörsm;twGuf txl;aus;Zl;wifygonf/<br />

(q) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH (1952-53)<br />

OD;armif<br />

'k-OuúX<br />

wuo<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHudk wuotaqmuftODcef;rwGif usif;yjcif;jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;<br />

jyóemudk nDvmcHodkY rwifjyrD aqG;aEG;ñSdEIdif;Muonf/ oabmwlnDrIr&? rnfonfh tkyfpkzufurQ ravQmhyg/<br />

nDvmcH vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;t& ¤if;udpöESifh ywfoufaomtqdkudk pdppfa&; aumfrwDodkY wifonf/ tqdkyg pdppfa&;<br />

aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;udk nydkif;wGif wHcg;ydwf tpnf;ta0; vkyfcJhonf/ rNyD;rqHk; jzpfaeaomtcg rEÅav;rS<br />

udk,fpm;vS,f udkomEdk; (aemif usL½Sifq&m)? rEÅav;c½dkif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS udkbkef;EdkifwdkYonf tpnf;ta0; tjyifrSm<br />

&efyGJzefwD;onf/ vkyf MuHzefwD;rIjzpfonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufaomtqkdudk nDvmcHodkY wifjy&ef qHk;jzwf<br />

vdkufonf/<br />

xkdaeY nDvmcH pwifusif;yaomtcg jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udpö tBudwfte,f aqG;aEG;Muonf/ Policy<br />

udpöjzpfí rnfonfh tkyfpkurS tavQmhray;? nDvmcHudk acwå&yfqdkif;í jyefpcJhonf/<br />

Auorsm;tzJGYcsKyf nDvmcHobifBuD; NyD;qHk;oGm;aomaehwGif AuoXmecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;ESifU e,fausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;udk þodkhawGY&\<br />

Source: Aung Tun Original Copy<br />

357

358<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkpdk;odrf;? udkrif;vGif? udk,kwdkYu tkyfpk (3) ckudk acgif;aqmif aqG;aEG;Muonf/ rJcGJqkH;jzwf&ef tajctaeodkY<br />

a&mufcJhaomfvnf; udkpdk;odrf;u xkdtajctaeodkY ra&muf&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ trsKd;om;a&; jyóemudk nDvmcHwGif<br />

rJcGJqHk;jzwf&aom tajctae a&mufyguvnf; rsm;pGm t½kyfqdk;ayrnf/ wdk;wuftiftm;pk\ OD;aqmifrIESifh pnf;½Hk;<br />

a&;rsm;pGm xdcdkufayrnf/ OD;aqmifyl;wGJaumfrwD (Joint Committee) wGif jyefñSd&ef a½TUqdkif;vdkufonf/ tqdkyg<br />

nDvmcHü udkvS0if; (aemif ñTefMum;a&;rSL;? tqifhjrifh)u-<br />

]]uRefawmfwdkY wdk;wufausmif;om; tiftm;pkudk owif;tcsKdU? txl;ojzifh jrefrmhtvif; owif;pm?<br />

Armhacwf? t*Fvdyf ae½Sif;owif;pm ponfwdkYu vuf0JuGefjrLepfrsm;[k owfrSwfxm;onf/ tmPm&tzGJUtpnf;u<br />

ajray:ajratmuf twdkuftcH vuf0Jtiftm;pkrsm;\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[k rSwf,lxm;onf/ rdrdwdkYonf rnfolUMoZmcHrS<br />

r[kwf e,fcsJUqdkvQif tar&duef e,fcsJUomr[kwf? ½k½Se,fcsJUvmvQifvnf; wdkufrSmyJ}} [k obmywd rdefcGef;wGif<br />

pdwfvdkufrmefyg a[majymoGm;onf/<br />

(Z) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU (rl&if;wGif aysmufqHk;ae)<br />

(ps) wuowGif wdk;wufwdkY ta&G;cH&jcif; (1952-53)<br />

oefY½Sif;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf cdkifrmwdusvSaom EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf r½Sdjcif;? wdk;wufaom<br />

EdkifiHa&;t,ltq? 0g'oabmw&m;? tawG;tac:rsm;udk qefYusifjcif;? tmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udk<br />

jywfom;pGm&ifqdkif&Jaom pdwf"gwfr½Sdjcif;? ¤if;wdkY\ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&; tay:wGifom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh<br />

jynfolYta&;udk bmrQrvkyfbJ at;at;csrf;csrf; ynmoifMum;a&;udk tajccHMujcif;? ausmif;om;ta&;rsm;tm;<br />

tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh aphpyfa&;udkom t"duxm; tajccHjcif;wdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;xkMum; OD;aqmifrIusqif;vmonf/<br />

oefY½Sif;wdkYu ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh rdbjynfolwdkY\ta&; rqdkif[k cH,louJhokdY jzpfaeonf/<br />

wzufwGifvnf; wdk;wuftiftm;pkrsm;u ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh rdbjynfolrsm;ta&;onf twlwlyif<br />

jzpfonf/ rdbjynfolrsm;twGuf b0vHkjcHKrI r½SdvQif zdESdyfcHae&vQif ukefaps;EIef;rsm; wufaevQif rdbwdkY\ om;orD;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;udk xdcdkufrnf[k wdk;wufausmif;om; tiftm;pkrsm;uvnf;<br />

vufcHxm;Muonf/ rdbrsm; b0vHkjcHKrI½SdrS? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;uif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

ynmoifMum;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhpHkí Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYtwGuf wdkufyGJ0if&rnf[k<br />

cH,lavonf/<br />

þodkYjzifh wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk pnf;½Hk;a&;tiftm;aumif;vmonf/ wuúodkvfvli,ftzGJU<br />

(Versity Youth) ESifh ñSdEIdif;í wuoa½G;aumufyGJ 0ifcJhonf/<br />

odkYaomf xkdESpfwGif wdk;wufwdkY Ouú|tjzpf ta½G;cHEdkifaom wuotrIaqmifjzpfzl;ol r½Sd/ wuo<br />

pnf;rsOf;t& trIaqmifjzpfzl;olom Ouú|tjzpf ta½G;cHEdkifcGif½Sdonf/ OuúX jzpfNyD;uvnf; xyfrH ta½G;cHEdkifcGifh r½Sd/<br />

wuopnf;rsOf;onf tvGefcdkifrmwdusonf/ xkdpnf;rsOf;a&;qGJolrsm;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wif&rnf/<br />

wuopnf;rsOf;t& yxrtokwf Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;a½G;&onf/ aiGxdef;onf bGJU&NyD; ausmif;wuf<br />

aeol jzpf&rnf/ 'kwd,tokwfwGif trIaqmif (6) OD; a½G;&onf/ xkd (6) OD; teuf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh usef<br />

vkyfief;rsm; tvdkuf wm0efcHrsm; a½G;cs,f&onf/ xkdtrIaqmif (9) OD;u wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwkdufrSL;udk a½G;cs,f&<br />

onf/ xkdYaMumifh wuowGif trIaqmif (11) OD;xuf avsmhvQifvnf; r&? ydkívnf; r&yg/ tdk;a0r*¾Zif; wm0efcH<br />

ESihf pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm;onf useftrIaqmifrsm;ESifh wef;wltcGifhta&;½Sdaom trIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfonf/<br />

(n) 1952-53 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

1/ udkudkBuD; Ouú| (udkudkBuD;? udkudkav;tkyfpk)<br />

2/ udkBudKif 'k-Ouú| (wuúodkvfvlli,ftkyfpk)<br />

3/ udkpdefoif; aiGxdef;<br />

4/ udkatmifbef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wdk;wuf)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

5/ udkcifarmifjrifh vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;wm0efcH (wdk;wuf)<br />

6/ udkausmf0if; wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH<br />

7/ udkMunfñGefY EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH<br />

8/ udk0if;armif upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;<br />

9/ udkwifhvGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;wm0efcH<br />

10/ udkbaumif; tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH t,f'Dwm<br />

(yxru udkvS0if;)<br />

11/ udkoef;armif pmMunfhwdkufrSL; -wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

xkdESpf wuorS BuD;rSL;í Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&; OD;wnfcsuf<br />

rsm;ESifh yxrqHk;tBudrf ausmif;om;yGJawmfudk wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif pnfum;pGm usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ xdkyGJawmf usif;y<br />

Edkifjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkESifh wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk\ atmifyGJjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xktMum; pnf;½Hk;a&;<br />

ydkrdk&vmonf/ ausmif;om;yGJawmfudk EdkifiHa&;t"dyÜg,f jynfh0pGm usif;ycJhjcif;jzpfí tmPm& zqyvtpdk;&rSm emomcH<br />

cuf jzpfcJhonf/ wuowGif wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;pk OD;aqmifrI&vmjcif;onf ¤if;wdkYtwGuf BuD;rm;aom<br />

twdkuftcHtkyfpk jzpfvmjcif;[k oabmxm;vmMuonf/<br />

(#) tdk;a0r*¾Zif; (52-53 ckESpf) yg uAsm? aqmif;yg;<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk<br />

,aehArmEdkifiH½Sd ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;rSm pmoifcef;? ausmif;aqmif? q&m? pmtkyfpmwrf;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? avmu<br />

"gwfynm prf;oyf&efypönf;rsm; csKdYwJUrIudk cHpm;ae&onf/ xdkcHpm;&rIwdkhtwGuf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkhonf a½SYwef;rSrm;rm;<br />

&yfum awmif;qdkvmcJhMuonf/ wzef ausmif;xkwfypfjcif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;udk wm;qD;jcif; paom ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;rsm;<br />

qHk;½IH;vmcJU&jyefonf/ xdktcgwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>wdkhonf rdrdwdkh &oifU&xkdufaom tcGifUta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifvmaomtcg<br />

ausmif;om;awGudk rnfolu ajr§mufyifUay;onf/ ausmif;om;awGonf EdkifiHa&;vkyfonf[k wcgu ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>pifjrifUwGif<br />

vkyfcJUaom ,aeh tmPm&aeolwdkhu pGyfpGJum ausmif;om;xktm; wm;qD;csKyfcs,f&ef BudK;pm;vsuf½Sdonf/ þodkhpGyfpGJcsufrsKd;<br />

ppfrjzpfrDu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfol udkb[def;u ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk (1939) trnf½Sdaom pmtkyfwGif<br />

acsyum a&;om;xm;csufudk jyefvnfxnfUoGif; vdkuf&avonf/ (rl&if;wGif udkb[def;[kom azmfjyxm;onf/)<br />

jzpfysufqJ ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudk tjrifrSef jrifEdkifMu&eftwGuf rMumrDuav;twGif;u udk,fwdkifawG UMuHK&yHkrsm;udk<br />

ZmwfaMumif; jyefvdkayonf/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifrsm;onf jynfolYvGwfvyfrItwGuf aqmif½GufzG,f&mrsm;ESifh tvkyform;? v,form;<br />

rsm; &efukefodkY a&mufonfhaeYwGif t&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>toif;rsm;u tvkyform;? v,form;aeUBuD; usif;yEdkif<br />

&eftwGuf tvkyfrsm;aeMupOf vGefcJhaom 'DZifbm (8) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (1) em&DcefYwGif ocifvSaz (uvuwåm;)ESifh<br />

ocifxdef0if;wdkY wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> toif;½Hk;odkY aygufvmMuNyD;vQif rauG;odkY a&mufaeaom tvkyform;rsm; &efukef<br />

txda&mufatmif csDwufvmEdkif&efudpöudk aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf n (7) em&DwGif A[dk wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH; trIaqmif<br />

tpnf;ta0;½SdaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;u rnfodkYulnDEdkifrnfudk vma&muf ajymapvdkaMumif;jzifh zdwfMum;oGm;avonf/<br />

txufyg tpnf;ta0;udk n (7) em&DausmfcefUwGif &efukefNrdKU yef;qdk;wef;½Sd A[dkwdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk; XmecsKyf½Hk;cef;<br />

wGif usif;y&m ausmifom;rsm;udk,fpm; uRefawmfESifh tusKd;aqmif udkAaqGwdkY wufa&mufMuonf/ tjcm; tpnf;ta0;<br />

wufolrsm;rSm ocifxdyfwifudk,fawmfBuD;? ocifoef;xGef;? ocifvSaz? ocifvSarmifpaom<br />

A[dktrIaqmifrsm;ESifh wuG<br />

a&eHajroydwfwyf Adkvfvkyf&ef trnfpm&if; wifoGif;xm;ol (3-4) OD;rQ jzpfonf/ naeuyif a&mufvmonfqdkaom<br />

a&eHajroydwfwyfrS oydwfarSmuf tvkyform; udk,fpm;vS,fwa,mufudkvnf; awGU&onf/<br />

tpnf;ta0; pvQifpcsif; xkdoydwform;udk,fpm;vS,fu rauG;a&eHajr tvkyform; tajctaeESifhwuG tvkyfo<br />

rm;rsm;udk rauG;ykvdyfrsm;u rnfodkYcsKyfcs,fyHk? oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm;udk rnfodkYzrf;qD;yHkwdkYudk tcsdef tawmfMumpGm<br />

½Sif;vif; ajymjyonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf rauG;rS tvkyform;rsm; &efukefbufodkY tjrefqHk;csDwufEdkif&eftwGuf enf;vrf; taumif;qHk;udk½SmMu&m<br />

tpnf;ta0; wufMuolwdkif;u wa,muftMuH wrsKd;ay;um tjyeftvSef jiif;ckHajymqdkaeMujcif;jzihf tcsdeftawmf<br />

MumoGm;Mujyefonf/<br />

359

360<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

v,form;ESifh tvkyform;rsm; þrQ qlylx

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tajcqdk; taeqdk;odkY a&mufolwdkif; udk,fhtoufudk wefzdk;rxm;bJ? jzpfvdk&mjzpf ZGwfESpfí vkyfMurnfrSm tHhMop&m<br />

r[kwfacs/ 'ku©udk 'ku©[lí rrSwfxifEdkifbJ vlYtjzpfESifh &oifh&xkdufaom vlYtcGifhta&;av;rsm;udk at;csrf;NidrfoufpGm<br />

awmif;qdk&ef twGuf rdkif (300) ausmfrQaom c&D;udk ajcvsifvmMuonfh tvkyform;rsm;tm; vlpdwfusyfjynfh ½Sdolwdkif;?<br />

udk,fcsif;pmum n§mwmaxmufxm;Muayrnf jzpfaomfvnf; e,fcsJUtpdk;&u þt&rf;rJh t"r®EdSyfuGyfaejcif;jzifh<br />

olwdkY\ qdk;npfaom twGif;oP²mefudk ydkrdkay:vGifatmif jyKvkyf&ma&mufaeayonf/ t"r®w&m; vufudkifxm;aom<br />

e,fcsJUpepfukdvnf; tjrefqHk; wdkufzsufEdkifatmif vlrsm;tm; qGJay;ae&m a&mufavonf/<br />

tvkyform;rsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkY pum;ajymaeMupOf ausmif;tjyifzuf vrf;rwGif jrif;pD;ykvdyf/ aemuf rvSrf;<br />

rurf;wGifum; wkwf½SnfBuD;rsm; qGJudkifxm;aom ykvdyfom ½dk;½dk; (15) a,mufcefY vrf;avQmufaeonf/ uRefawmfonf<br />

udkAaqGudk vSrf;Munfh&m oluvnf; uRefawmfhudk jyeftMunfheJY qHkaeavonf/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfuyif teD;½Sd<br />

ocifazoef;tm; ]]uRefawmfwdkY cifAsm;wdkYeJYtwl tvkyform;awGudk csKyfcs,fxm;wmudk wdkufzsufr,f/ tvkyform;awG<br />

rauG;u xGufoGm;MurS uRefawmfwdkY a&eHacsmif;udk qufoGm;awmhr,f}} [k ajymjyvdkufavonf/<br />

cPMumvQif ocifxdef0if;ESifh ocifpdk;wdkY a&mufvmMuí (5) OD;om; a½SYvkyfief;rsm;twGuf wdkifyifMuNyD;<br />

at;at;oufomESifh udpöNyD;Edkifu NyD;zdkYtwGuf ta&;ydkifESifhawGUqHk&ef pDpOfMuonhftwdkif; aemuf (2) &ufwGif<br />

ta&;ydkifxH vludk,fwdkifwzHk? pmESifhwwef qufoG,fum tvkyform;rsm; csDwufa&;udpöudk vkyfMuavonf/<br />

odkYaomf ta&;ydkifrSm uRefawmfwdkYtm; wywf½dkufum tcsdefqGJaeonfudk od&aomtcg olESifhqufvuf pum;urf;vSrf;<br />

jcif; rjyKawmhbJ yk'fr (144) udk csKd;zsufí qufvufcsDwuf&efudkom jyifqifMuavonf/ uRefawmfwdkYu vlBuD;yDyD<br />

qufqHygvsuf ta&;ydkifrSm uRefawmfwdkYtay: taumufOmPfMuHum uRefawmfhwdkYtm; zrf;0&rf;udk wiful; xkwfxm;cJh<br />

avonf/<br />

oydwform;wyfudk 'DZifbmv (12) &uf eHeufwGif csDwuf&ef pDpOfxm;aomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkY (5) OD;rSm<br />

xkdaeY eHeufaetm½Hkudk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf rjrifawGU&awmhbJ vGefcJhaomaeYn (7) em&Duyif uRefawmfwdkYrSm rauG;*wf<br />

tcsKyfcef;twGif; a&mufcJhMuavonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm; zrf;qD;onhf tcsdefupí ykvdyftrIxrf;rsm;u ½dkufESufMuojzifh<br />

ausmif;oluav;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; 'Pf&mtemw& &½Sdí tmZmenf udkatmifausmf toufaoqHk;&onfh<br />

tcsdefwdkifatmif tjzpftysufrsm;udkum; tjyifu vlrsm;rSm uRefawmfwdkYxuf ydkrdkodMuayonf/<br />

odkYaMumifh ,ckausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh qdkifaom tcsKdUajz½Sif;zG,f tcsufrsm;udkom a&;vdkygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm-<br />

(1) uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGudk zrf;aomaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; þrQ qlylvm&onf/<br />

(2) ausmif;om;rsm;rSm rdrdwdkYESifh rqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;wGif 0ifpGufonf/<br />

(3) ausmif;om;rsm;udk EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u vufudkifwkwftjzpf toHk;csaeonf/<br />

(4) ausmif;om;rsm;onf ocifrsm;ESifh aygif;onf/<br />

(1) uRefawmfESifh udkAaqGudk zrf;vdkufojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; þrQqlylvm&onf/ odkYr[kwfvQif ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ausmif;wGif pmtoifysufrnf r[kwf[laom xifjrifcsufrSm tcsKdUw0ufom rSefayonf/ txufwGif a&;om;cJhonfh<br />

twdkif; ,ckacwf ausmif;om;rsm;rSm a½S;uvdk eH&Hav;zuf ywfvnf0dkif;xm;aom ausmif;pmoifcef;udk rdrdavmu<br />

tjzpfxm;um ausmif;pmtkyfrsm;wGifom pdwf0ifpm;jcif; rjyKawmh? rdrdudk,fudk ta&;ygaom wdkif;oljynfom; tjzpfodkY<br />

jr§ifhwifvdkufum jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom jyóemtm;vHk;wGifvnf; pdwf0ifpm;vmavonf/<br />

¤if;tjyif ausmif;om;rsm;rSm ausmif;om;[laom vlwrsKd;tjzpfESifh bHkaygufvmMuolrsm; r[kwfojzifh rdrd\<br />

rdb? OD;av;paom aoG;csif;om;csif; wdkif;oljynfom;rsm; twd'ku©a&mufvQif rdrdwdkYvnf; a&muf&onf/ wdkif;ol<br />

jynfom;rsm; ab;'ku©a&mufí wGef;vSefwdkufcdkufvQif rdrduvnf; 0ifa&muf wdkufcdkuf&rnf[k oabmydkufvmMuav<br />

onf/ xkdYaMumifhyif ,ckwdkif;jynfrSm e,fcsJUpepfaMumifh ab;'ku©taygif; wqifhxufwqifh awGUMuHKcHpm; ae&aomtcg<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf; at;at;vlvl raeEdkifMubJ xdyfxufrD;yljzifh wdkif;jynfudk rnfodkYul&rnfudk tcsuf½SmaeMu<br />

avonf/<br />

wdkif;oljynfom; qif;&Jom;tvkyform;rsm;twGuf uRefawmfwdkYudk zrf;vdkufaomtcgwGifum; tqifoifh jyifqifNyD;<br />

jzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk qlyl&ef tcgay;vdkufouJhodkY jzpfoGm;avonf/ tu,fí uRefawmfwdkYudk rzrf;bJaeygu<br />

,ckvdk jzpfysufqJjzpfaom ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkonf ,cktcsdefwGif rjzpfbJ tcsdefajymif;csif ajymif;oGm;ayrnf/<br />

odkYaomf rjzpfbJum; rae? taES;ESifhtjref jzpfay:&awmhrnf/ pifppfaomfum; uRefawmfwdkYudk zrf;vdkufjcif;rSm aygufuGJ<br />

tHhqJqJjzpfaom ,rf;tdk;BuD;udk rD;tzGm;zGm; csvdkufjcif;om jzpfayonf/<br />

,ckausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkonf uRefawmfwkdY (2) OD;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;tay:wGif vHk;0 t&if;rwnfaMumif;udk<br />

oufaotxift½Sm; jyrnf/<br />

uRefawmfwkdY (2) OD;udkzrf;qD;í rauG;axmifBuD;twGif; tcsKyfESifhxm;pOf? 'DZifbmv (14) &ufaeY eHeuf (9) em&D<br />

cefYavmufwGif tcGefawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;bOD;onf &efukefrSaeí uRefawmfwdkY½Sdaom rauG;axmifodkY w,fvDzkef;quf<br />

361

362<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

í uRefawmfwdkYtm; rauG;wGif uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,muf jzpfysufyHkudk ar;onf/ uRefawmfu txufwGif a&;om;cJhonfh<br />

twdkif; jyefvnfajymjy&m OD;bOD;u ]]tck 0efBuD;csKyf tpnf;ta0;½Sdonf? rif;wdkYtaMumif; pOf;pm;Murnf? rif;wdkYacgif;aqmif<br />

zdkY vmjcif; r[kwfojzifh vTwfypfrnf? (10) em&Dudk igtaMumif;jyefrnf}} [k ajymygonf/ xkdYaemuf ,ck tif;pdefaxmif<br />

a&mufonftxd olYxHrS taMumif;jyefpum; r&awmhyg/<br />

0efBuD;csKyf tpnf;ta0;u uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,mufudk bmaMumifh rvTwfoenf;/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSm uRefawmfwdkY<br />

(2) a,mufudk t&if;cH t"duxm;í qlylMujcif; r[kwf? uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,muf vTwfypf½HkrQESifh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm<br />

at;oGm;Murnf r[kwf/ uRefawmfwdkYudk vTwfvdkufvQif tjyifzufwGif qlylorm; wdk;½HkrQ jzpfrnfudk odMuaomaMumifh<br />

jzpfavonf/<br />

v,form;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifhwuG wwdkif;jynfvHk;udk csKyfcs,fxm;aom yk'frtrsKd;rsKd;udk jyefvnf ½kyfodrf;&ef<br />

twGuf ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfarSmufaeMu\/ uRefawmfwdkY (2) a,mufudk zrf;rS jynfolYvGwfvyfrItwGuf wdkufcdkufMu&ef<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; qlylMuoavm? vHk;0r[kwfay? vGefcJhaom Edk0ifbmv (3) &uf? (4) &uf? (5) &ufaeUrsm;wGif usif;y<br />

cJhaom ausmif;om;vTwfawmf\ wuúodkvfOya'Murf;ESifh ywfoufí wdkif;jynfodkY aMunmpmwrf; aemufqHk;tydk'fwGif<br />

]jynfolYvGwfvyfrItwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; wdkif;jynfwavsmuff qlylawmif;qdk&ef} [k twdtvif;yg½Sdavonf/ ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; vTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk ½dkaovdkufemaomtm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm; þodkYqlylaeaMumif; txl;xif½Sm;<br />

vSayonf/<br />

(2) EdkifiHa&;udk aMumufp&m? rowDp&m aq;jc,fNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk ajcmufvSefYavh½SdonfrSm e,fcsJUorm;\<br />

,kwfywfaom tusifhwckjzpfavonf/ e,fcsJUorm;rsm;\ pm;

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

t½Hk;onfvnf; xkdYtwl? odkYaMumifhyif <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;ESifh wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;wdkYrSm vGJa½Smifí r&atmif vkyfief;pcef;wGif<br />

yl;aygif;Mu&avonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> OuúXa[mif; udkatmifqef;onf ,ck ocifatmifqef;tjzpf wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;wGif<br />

a&mufae\/ aemifwGifum; udkatmifqef;ajc&mcHum wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;udk wyfcsDí0ifMurnfh ausmif;om;rsm;udk jrifa,mif<br />

aeao;onf/<br />

b[def;<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

&Jabmf ausmif;om;? olawGudk urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;eJY rdwfquf<br />

wJh taeeJY tzGJUcsKyfBuD;taMumif;udk wifjyvdkuf&ygw,f/ rdwfqufwifjywJh<br />

&nf½G,fcsufuawmh twdkif;wdkif;tjynfjynfrS ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;awG<br />

udk tajccHrwnf zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifwJh 'DurÇmYausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;<br />

taMumif;udk Armausmif;ol? ausmif;om;awGtaeeJU odoifhodtyfxdkuf<br />

w,f vdkY av;av;pm;pm;BuD; ,HkMunfwJhtwGuf wifjy&jcif; jzpfw,f/<br />

'DurÇmh ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD; taMumif;udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif em;vnfa&;<br />

twGufqdk&if tzGJUcsKyfBuD;&JU-<br />

(1) &mZ0iftusOf;<br />

(2) &nfrSef;csufESifU tajccH0g'vrf;pOf<br />

(3) vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifU vkyfaqmifcsuf<br />

rsm;udkyg tao;pdwf wifjyzdkY vdktyfvmw,f/<br />

'DvdkvdktyfwJh txufygtydk'fawGudk twwfEdkifqHk; ½SmazGpkaqmif;NyD;<br />

wifjy rdwfqufvdkufygw,f/<br />

(1) &mZ0iftusOf;csKyf<br />

ausmif;om;awG&JU t"du toufqdkifqHk; tcsufuawmh ynmoifMum;a&; jzpfw,fqdkwm rjiif;EdkifwJh tcsuf<br />

jzpfw,f/ b,fwdkif;jynfu ausmif;om;yJjzpfjzpf ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;udkyJ t"dutaeeJY ,lqMuw,f/ cyf½Sif;½Sif;<br />

qdk&if ausmif;om;[m ynmoifMum;&r,f/ ynmoifMum;wJh ae&mrSmvnf; olwwfwJh ynmudk wdkif;jynf wdk;wufa&;?<br />

vlrsKd;awGtaeeJY wifhawmifhwifhw,f aeEdkifa&;twGuf toHk;ûy&r,fqdkwJh &nfrSef;csufudk xm;w,f/ 'Dvdk oabmxm;[m<br />

wdkif;jynfwdkif;½Sd ausmif;om;awG&JU a,bk,s oabmxm;vdkY ,lqEdkifw,f/<br />

odkYayr,fh 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;twGif;u qdk&if ausmif;om;rsm;&JU a,bk,s oabmxm;udk ydwfyifvmwJh om"u<br />

awGudk ausmif;om;awG taeeJU xifxif½Sm;½Sm; awGUMuHKcHpm;NyD; vm&w,f/<br />

taMumif;u 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;twGif;u zufqpf0g'&JU vTrf;rdk;tkyfcsKyfrIudk cHpm;&wJh wdkif;jynfwdkif;rSm zufqpf0g<br />

'[m ,Ofaus;rItpOftvmudk zsufqD;zdkY vkyfudkifvmwm awGU&w,f? vlawG&JU wdk;wufrI? ynmOmPf yGifhvif;rIudk<br />

Ncdrf;ajcmuf wm;qD;vmMuw,f/ zufqpf0g' vTrf;rdk;jcif;cH&aom wdkif;jynfrsm;rSm½SdwJh ,leDAmpDwDeJY txuf wef;ausmif;rsm;<br />

ydwfypfvdkufMuw,f? vlYavmu wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;udk vkdvm;wJh avmu"gwfynmonfawG ausmif;om;? vli,fawG?<br />

ygarmu© q&mawGudk n§Of;yef; ESdyfpufvmwm awGU&w,f/<br />

xif½Sm;wJh om"utaeeJY jy&r,fqdk&if 1939 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYu qdk&if csufudkpvdkaA;uD;,m;<br />

jynfrSm½SdwJh ,leDAmpDwDtm;vHk;udk ydwfypfvdkufw,f/ 'Dvdk ydwfyifrIudk[efUwm;wJh ausmif;om;rsm;? q&mrsm;? jynfolrsm;<br />

udkvnf; axmifcs? owfjzwf? n§Of;yef;? ESdyfpufcJhMuw,f/<br />

tvm;wl tjzpfrsKd;udk zufqpf0g'vTrf;rdk;wJh Oa&mywwdkufvHk;u wdkif;jynfwdkif;[m cHpm;cJhMu&w,f/ þodkY<br />

zufqpf0g'[m vlYavmuwdk;wufrIudk tm;ray;wJhtwGuf ausmif;om;awG[m zufqpf0g'qdk;udk qefYusifvmMuw,f/<br />

onfqefYusifa&; ppfyGJuaeNyD; wurÇmvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;awG[m pnf;vHk;vmMuw,f/ 'gaMumif h urÇmhausmif;om; tzGJYcsKyfBuD;<br />

ay:aygufvmjcif;[m zufqpfqefhusifa&; wdkufyGJeJh qufpyfaew,f/<br />

xkdYtjyif zufqpftoGifudk raqmifao;wJh e,fcsJUpepf[mvnf; ynma&;udk tm;ray;cJhwmudkvnf; ausmfvTm;<br />

jzwfoef;cJhwJh &mZ0ifordkif; wavQmufvHk;rSm awGU½Sd&jyefw,f/ Oyrm e,fcsJUtkyfcsKyfvTrf;rdk;cJhwJh wdkif;jynfawGrSmqdk&if<br />

pmrwwfolOD;a&[m tHhMoavmufatmif rsm;jym;wm awGU&w,f/ awmiftar&du wwdkufvHk;rSm vlOD;a& (156ç000ç000)<br />

363

364<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

½SdwJhteuf pmrwwfolaygif; (70ç000ç000) ½Sdwm awGU&w,f/ e,fcsJUvufatmuf<br />

a&mufaewJh tD&efrSm pmrwwfol 80 &mcdkifEIef;? ajrmuftmz&duwdkufrSm 90 &mckdifEIef;?<br />

Edkif*sD;&D;,m;rSm 90 &mckdifEIef;? tdEd´,rSm 87 &mckdefEIef;? tif'dkeD;½Sm;rSm 90 &mckdifEIef;?<br />

ArmjynfrSmvnf; 60 &mckdifEIef; tp½Sdojzifh awGU&jyefw,f/<br />

onftcsufrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;awG&JU ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;[m zufqpf? e,fcsJUpepf<br />

qefYusifa&;wdkufyGJeJU cJGjcm;r&bl;vdkY ausmif;om;awGtaeeJY t,l½SdvmMuw,f/<br />

1939 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaehrSm emZDzufqpfrsm;u csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;eJY<br />

tjcm;Oa&my wdkif;jynfrSm½SdwJh ,leDAmpDwD? txufwef;ausmif;awG ydwfypfjcif;udk<br />

uefYuGufwJhtaeeJY wurÇmvHk;rSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;awG[m ]urÇmh ausmif;om;rsm;aeh} tjzpf<br />

,ckxd ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; usif;yaeMuw,f/<br />

tar&duef or®wa[mif; wOD;jzpfwJh ½kpbJh ½SdpOftcgu qdk&if ¤if;aeYrSm urÇmt&yf&yf ½Sd ausmif;om;rsm; xH<br />

odkY toHvTifh tm;ay;pum; ajymcJhw,f/<br />

odkYaMumifhyif twdkif;wdkif;? tjynfjynfrS ausmif;om;rsm;onf twdwfoifcef;pmrsm;udk cH,lum aemufaemifwGif<br />

olwdkY\ ynmoifMum;a&;udk rwm;qD;Edkif&eftwGuf pkaygif; umuG,frnfh urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD; wcktaeESifh<br />

½Sdoifh½Sdtyfonf[k oabmaygufum ¤if;tzGJUcsKyfBuD; wnfaqmufEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;Muw,f/<br />

tzGJUcsKyfwnfaqmufa&;udk BudK;pm;MuwJh ausmif;om;rsm;xJwGif tar&duef? t*Fvef? qdkAD,uf? jyifopf?<br />

w½kwfjynf tp½Sdonfh BuD;ig;BuD;EdkifiHrS ausmif;om;rsm;omru 'def;rwf? qGD'if? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;? tdEd´,? aemfa0;ESifh<br />

tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; yg0ifMuwmudk awGY&w,f/ 'Dtm;vHk;aom ausmif;om;rsm;&JU BudK;yrf;<br />

csufaMumifh 1946 ck? Mo*kwfvxJrSm urÇmY ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD; taeeJY rm;rm;rwfrwf ay:xGufcJhw,f/<br />

'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk wnfaxmifwJh urÇmYausmif;om; uGef*&ufBuD;rSmqdk&ifvnf; wdkif;jynfaygif; (43) EdkifiHrS ausmif;om;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,fawG wufa&mufaqG;aEG; wnfaxmif cJhw,f/ þodkUjzifh urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk wkdif;jynfwkdif;u<br />

ausmif;om;awG&JU vHk;yrf;rIaMumihf atmifjrifpGm wnfaxmifvdkufMuwmudk awGU½Sd&w,f/<br />

(2) &nfrSef;csufESifU tajccH0g'vrf;pOf<br />

vlYavmuBuD; om,m

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

vlwdkif; ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh wdkif;jynfwdkif;u ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIawGudk wzGJUcsif;<br />

taeESifhaomfvnf;aumif; tm;ay;vkyfaqmifulnDcJhwm awGU&w,f/<br />

udkvdkeDeJY? udkvdkeDwydkif; wdkif;jynfrsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm; b0vGwfajrmufa&; wdkufyGJudkvnf; tpGrf;ukef tm;ay;ulnD<br />

aqmif½GufMuw,f/ ¤if;wkdif;jynfrS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 'Drdkua&pDopfEdkifiHwGif urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;\<br />

axmufyHhaMu; &efyHkaiGjzihf ynmoifMum;ay;jcif;? udkvkdeDEdkifiHrsm;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tm; oufqdkif&m bmom&yfESifh<br />

ywfoufaom pmtkyfrsm; ay;ydkYjcif;? usef;rma&;twGuf aq;rsm;? aq;ypönf;rsm;? "gwfrSefpufrsm;? olemjyKum;rsm;<br />

ay;ydkYjcif;wdkYudk tzGJUcsKyfBuD;taeeJY jyKvkyfaqmif½GufcJhw,f/ 'gwGifruao;bJ tqkwfema0'em pGJuyfaom txl;ojzifh<br />

udkvdkeDEdkifiHrS ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tqkwfemukaq;½Hkrsm;udk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tultnDjzifh csufudk<br />

pvdkAufuD;,m;ESifh yDuif;wGif wnfaqmuf ay;xm;jyefw,f/<br />

¤if;aemuf wwkdif;jynf ausmif;om;rsm; tajctae? b0aexkdifrI? ynma&;tqifhtwef;udk wjcm;wdkif;jynf<br />

rsm;rS ausmif;om;wdkY em;vnfoabmaygufap&ef ynmay;onhf ynma&;pmapmifrsm;udkvnf; xkwfa0jzefYjzL;ao;<br />

w,f/<br />

ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; em;vnfrI? cspfMunfrI &½Sda&;twGuf wdkif;jynftcsif;csif; vSnfhvnfvnfywfjcif; ponfh<br />

aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udkvnf; vkyfay;cJhw,f/<br />

txl;tjcm;qHk;ESifh &mZ0ifwGif ay:vGifvSaom vkyfaqmifcsufwckum; urÇmhausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm;&JU<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; yGJawmfBuD;jzpfw,f/ 'DNidrf;csrf;a&;yGJawmf jyKvkyfay;wJh &nf½G,fcsufuawmh vli,f? ausmif;om;awGudk<br />

vlY,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmeJY vlUavmuzGHUNzdK;a&;udk zsufqD;acsrIef;ypfonhf ppfudk ½GHUrkef;ap&efeJY ESpfoufzG,faom<br />

Nidrf;csrf;om,ma&; pdwf"gwfrsm; cdkifrmap&efjzpfw,f/ 'DyGJawmfBuD;[m (2) ESpfjcm;wcg jyKvkyfusif;yw,f/ yGJawmf<br />

BuD;udk wdkif;jynftoD;oD;rS vli,f? ausmif;om;rsm; axmifaomif; csDwuf qifETJMuw,f/<br />

yGJawmfrSm vli,f? ausmif;om;awG[m wOD;eJY wOD; &if;ESD;pGm qufqHNyD; aysmf½TifpGm uckefMuwmudk awGU&w,f/<br />

yGJawmfBuD;twGif;rSm wdkif;jynftoD;oD;u vli,fausmif;om;awG[m rdrdwkdYa'oqdkif&m ,Ofaus;rI? tEkynm? tpOf<br />

tvm? tutckef? *Dwrsm;udk wifjyMuw,f/ þuJhodkY wdkif;jynf\ "avhxHk;pH? ,Ofaus;rI? *Dw? tutckefrsm;udk<br />

wifjyMujcif;tm;jzifh wOD;&JU ,Ofaus;rI? wOD;&JU "avhxHk;pH tpOftvm tEkynmawGudk av;pm;aom pdwf"gwfrsm;<br />

&½SdNyD; wdkif;jynfcsif; Nidrf;csrf;pGmwnfwHha&;udk vli,f? ausmif;om;awGtaeeJY xifxif½Sm;½Sm; uGif;uGif;uGufuGuf<br />

jrifvmMuw,f/<br />

wOD;eJY wOD; rkef;wD;rI enf;yg;NyD; vmcJhMuw,f/ vlrsKd;csif; rkef;wD;rIudk zefwD;ydkYaqmifapwJh 0g'qdk;rdIif;awGudk<br />

½GUHrkef;vmMuw,f/ wjynfeJY wjynf? vlrsKd;wrsKd;eJY wrsKd;? wdkufcdkufvdkrI? tkyfpdk;csKyfcs,fvdkrIqdkwJh raumif;pdwfxm;<br />

awG[mvnf; vGifhpifyaysmufukefw,f/<br />

onfaemuf yGJawmfBuD; twGif;rSmyJ wdkif;jynfwdkif;u upm;ckefupm;a&; 0goemygwJh vli,f? ausmif;om;<br />

awGtwGuf rdwfaqGjzpf upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJBuD;rsm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzifhvnf; cspfcif&if;ESD;rIudk wnfaqmuf ay;ao;w,f/<br />

aemufqHk;taeeJY qufvufwifjy&r,fqdk&if 'DaeY urÇmhausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;[m wdkif;jynfwdkif;vdkvdku<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;&JU tzGJUcsKyfBuD; jzpfw,f/ tzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk wdkif;jynfwdkif;u apvTwfxm;wJh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

awGu tkyfcsKyfvkyfaqmifw,f/ tzGJUcsKyfBuD;&JU &efyHkaiG[mvnf; toif;0iftzGJUtpnf;rsm;&JU qufaMu;jzifh rwnfxm;<br />

w,f/<br />

'Dawmh tzGJUcsKyfBuD;[m ausmif;om;ydkifwJh ausmif;om;tkyfcsKyfwJh ausmif;om;&efyHkaiGeJY tzGJUcsKyfBuD; jzpfw,fqdkwm<br />

xif½Sm;w,f/<br />

onfvdkrSefuefwJh tajccHay:rSm wnfaqmuf zGJUpnf;xm;vdkY tzGJUcsKyfBuD;[m waeYwjcm; cdkifrmvm½Hkomru<br />

wdk;wufvmw,f/ ,aeYqdk&if wdkif;jynfaygif; (72) EdkifiHu ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;awG[m tzGJUcsKyfBuD;eJY qufoG,f<br />

xm;w,f/ tzGJUcsKyfBuD;&JU tiftm;[m ausmif;om; (5) oef;cGJudk udk,fpm;jyKwJh tzGJUcsKyfBuD; jzpfaew,f/ ukefukef<br />

ajym&&if ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;&JU qE´eJYudkufnDwJh tajccH0g'eJY vrf;pOfaMumifhvnf; waeUwjcm; wdk;wufaezdkYom<br />

½Sdw,f/ odkYaMumifh wurÇmvHk;½SdwJh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; tm;xm;xkdufonfh tzGJUcsKyfBuD; jzpfaeonfhtwGuf Arm<br />

ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; em;vnfEdkifap&eftwGuf tusOf;csKyftm;jzifh 'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD;eJY rdwfqufwifjy vdkuf&jcif;<br />

jzpfw,f/<br />

urÇmUausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyfBuD; t"Gefh½Snfygap<br />

vS0if;<br />

365

366<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ppfudkrkef;onf<br />

(1)<br />

urÇmppfwJh<br />

onf;epfESifhrQ? Mum;jyef&aomf<br />

wdwfujzpfpOf? jyefvmxifí<br />

pdwfwGif vSyfvSyfwkefrd\/ /<br />

(2)<br />

AHk;? pufaoewf?<br />

rjywfoGef;ypf? urÇmppfaMumifh<br />

om;wpfESifhaoG;? ajrrSmazG;vsuf<br />

idka

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tjrJawmhrl<br />

368<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ightwlyif<br />

MunfvifNidrfhat;? *Dwaw;udk<br />

uav;b0? i,fpOfuvQif<br />

,k,cJhol? ]]tbjzL}}vnf;<br />

oufwlyrm? jrwfEdk;&Smonfh<br />

oHomat;csdK? þapmif;tdk\<br />

nd§KUnd§KUrJrJ? rD;aoG;cJodkY<br />

0ifpGJoaE¨? tajctaeaMumifh<br />

rsuf&nf0Jum? &yfae\/ /<br />

jcL;yef;jcL;cuf<br />

uEkwf,Sufonfh toufu,f0if<br />

½kyfa½Tpifudk? ae0if;NzdK;zs<br />

tcsdefusxd? yDoatmifxk<br />

yef;ykorm;? bdk;oufMum;vnf;<br />

xGm;xGm;nufnuf? aMurGysufonfh<br />

olYvuf&mEk? tpkpkaMumifh<br />

Orsuf&nfESifh awGae\/ /<br />

yef;csDq&m<br />

olwdkYrSmvnf;? ESpfwmumv<br />

qGJcJh&onfh? oufrQciftyf<br />

yef;csDcsyfwdkY? jzpf&yfqdk;0g;<br />

ppfrD;Mum;0,f? avmifoGm;ojzifh<br />

rsuf&nfESifhvQif? pdkYeifhumom<br />

&yfae\/ /<br />

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm<br />

pkaqmif;vmonfh? pmay0w¬K<br />

&wkuAsm? ajrmufrsm;pGmvnf;<br />

AsL[mcif;vSpf? owfyGJjzpfonfh<br />

ppfrD;a0a0? avmifuRrf;aví<br />

pmaycspfwwf? yd#duwfrSL;<br />

jymyHkOD;wGif? t½l;yrm<br />

idkae½Sm\/ /<br />

(8)<br />

tu,fqdkvQif<br />

ighNrdKUwGifom? r[kwfygbJ<br />

Armjynf0Srf;? ppfrD;vTrf;rdkY<br />

vQrf;vQrf;eDeD? aoG;wdkYonfvnf;<br />

pD;vnfcJhNyD jzpfownf;/ /

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1951 rS 1952 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

,Ofaus;rIESifh<br />

okckrvnf;? þppfrD;0,f<br />

csD;ESD;ysufokef;cJhNyDwnf;/ /<br />

b0twl<br />

ausmif;olausmif;om;? ajrmuftrsm;vnf;<br />

vlom;csif;csif;? arwåmuif;í<br />

cif;onfhppfrSm? toufwmudk<br />

pGefU½SmcJh& NyDomwnf;/ /<br />

(9)<br />

xdkYaMumifhomyif<br />

ppfqdkvQifrl<br />

rjrifvdkbJ? rkef;½HGU½GJí<br />

vufwGJnDnm? awmif;qdkvmonf<br />

urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;udkwnf;/ /<br />

(10)<br />

vlom;tm;vHk;<br />

ppfudkrkef;í? pk½Hk;qE´<br />

tmoDoudk? r&&atmif<br />

BudK;yrf;pdkY/ /<br />

rif;vS - ñGefhMuL;<br />

(wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmf yxrqk&uAsm)<br />

369

370<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;pdefbef;<br />

(1951-52)<br />

&efukefZmwdjzpfonf/ 1946 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&muf½Sdynm qnf;yl;onf/ 1950-51 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuotrIaqmif tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&í twGif;a&;rSL; wm0ef ay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1951-<br />

52 ckESpfwGif wuo Ouú|jzpfonf/<br />

ppfNyD;acwf 1946 ckESpfrSpí wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;udk t&pfuspmar;yGJ (Compartmantal Exam) jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

1951-52 ckESpfwGif t&pfus pmar;yGJrS ,ckvuf½Sd Part.A Part.B pepfodkY ajymif;vJ&ef wuúodkvftmPmydkif<br />

tzGJUrS qHk;jzwfonf/ xkdqHk;jzwfcsufudk ausmif;om;xk qEáwmif;cH&m ausmif;om; trsm;pku ,ckvuf½SSdpepfudk<br />

vufcH&ef rJay;qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

OD;pdefbef;onf EdkifiHawmf pkdufysKd;a&;bPf½Hk;csKyf refae*smtjzpf EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk xrf;aqmifvsuf½Sdonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) 'Dtufpftdk arG;zGm;jcif;<br />

1952-53 ckESpf ynmoifESpfwGif wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk OD;aqmifrI&½Sdvmjcif;onf tmPm&<br />

ygwD tzGJUtpnf;tzdkY rsm;pGmjyóemBuD;w&yf jzpfaeonf/ wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;onf Auorsm;<br />

tzGJUcsKyf? &uo? wuo [laom t"du ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif OD;aqmifrI &xm;onf/ tpOftvmBuD;rm;<br />

aom wuoudk vGwfoGm;jcif;onf tmPm&ygwD tzGJUtpnf;twGuf BuD;rm;aom qHk;½HI;rI jzpfonf/ oefY½Sif;udkvnf;<br />

tm;udk;í rjzpfEdkifawmhay/ rdrdwdkY pdwftcs&qHk; tiftm;pkzGJUpnf;&eftwGuf wdk;wufwdkY\ OD;aqmifrIudk z,f½Sm;&ef<br />

wuúodkvfwGif jyefvnf wmplaeonf/<br />

yxrOD;qHk; oefY½Sif;rS cGJxGufoGm;aom udkudkBuD;? udkudkav; nDaemiftkyfpkudk zJhxkwfonfh vufusef qdk ½S,fvpf<br />

ygwDtEG,frsm;udk jyefvnftoufoGif;onf/ tcGifhta&; rufvHk;rsm;ay;í pnf;½Hk;onf/ þodkYjzifh 'Drdku&ufwpf<br />

ausmif;om;tiftm;pk-'Dtufpftdk (Democratic Student Organization) udk xlaxmifonf/ tmPm&ygwDtzGJUt<br />

pnf;onf wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif 'Dtufpftdk udk arG;zGm;oefYpifvdkufonf/<br />

(c) 1952-53 ynmoifESpf<br />

tcef; (15)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1952 rS 1953)<br />

wuúodkvfe,fajrü ausmif;rsm;jyefvnf zGifhvSpfaomtcgwGif wuúodkvfonfvnf; touf0ifvIyf½Sm;vm<br />

onfh pmoifcef;rsm;wGif at;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;&rnfhtpm;? vrf;ray:odkY a&mufonf/ pDwef;vrf;avQmufvm<br />

Muonf/ pmtkyfESifh azmifwdeftpm;? ydkpwmESifh tvHudkifvmMuonf/ ½lyaA'? yx0Dtpm;? zdESdyfrIvGwfajrmufa&;<br />

tcGifhta&;rsm; pwif oifMum;vm&onf/ ygarmu©\ pmayydkYcsoHtpm;? w&m;a[maom ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol<br />

rsm;\ toHudk Mum;emvm&\/ ocsFmykpämtpm;? ausmif;om;ynmudk ajz½Sif;Mu\/ oifcef;pmrsm; ra&;awmhbJ<br />

ynmpmwrf;rsm; a&;vmMuonf/ zm;cGJ&rnfhtpm;? a½G;aumufyGJrJyHk;udk ½dkufcGJMu&onf/ tajctaerSm wif;rmvm<br />

371

372<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

onf/ &ifhusufí &ifhusufvmonf/ aemufqHk; aygufuGJvmonf/ qE´awG xkwfazmfvmMuonf/ &Jpdwf? &Jrmefudk<br />

jyMuonf/ olwkdYvdktyfcsufrsm; tcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdkMuonf/ zdESdyfcs,fvS,folwdkYu ausmif;om;wdkY\<br />

awmif;qdkaom tcGifhta&;rsm;tpm;? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&;udkom ay;vmMuonf/ uavmifESifh azmifwdeftpm;? aoewfESifh<br />

vSHpGyfudk ay;vmMuonf/ jynfhpHkvdkaom rif&nftpm;? aoG;pufESifh rsuf&nfudk jrifMu&onf/ ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;?<br />

ausmif;taqmuftODrsm; vdkcsifaom ausmif;om;vli,fwdkYtm; tusOf;axmifrsm;udkom ay;tyfvmMuonf/ ausmif;<br />

e,fajrudk q&mrsm; jznfhwif;&rnfhtpm; y&dowfrsm; jznfhwif;jcif; jyKvkyfvmonf/<br />

om,maysmf½TifrIonf ausmif;om;vli,fwdkYtwGuf b,faomtcgrS vHkavmufjynfhpHkonf[lí r½Sd/ olwdkY<br />

onf om,maysmf½TifrIudk tjrJwrf; iwfrGwfaeonf/ aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif at;at;csrf;csrf;aexkdifí vGwfvyfpGm ynmoif<br />

,lvdkaom ausmif;om;vli,fwdkYtm; qlyltHk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

&onf/ q&mrsm; rvHkavmufrI? pmMunfhwdkufü ynm&yfqdkif&mpmtkyfrsm; vHkavmufpGm r½Sdjcif;? tcsKdUpmtkyfrsm;rSm<br />

jy|mef;xm;aomfvnf; 0,f,lí r&Edkifjcif;ponfh jypfcsufrsm; awGU&onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;rSm bGJU&í ausmif;rSxGuf<br />

aomfvnf; ynmt&nftcsif;t& oifhawmfaomvkyfief; r&MuonfrSm tqef;r[kwfay/ ynmwwf tvkyfvufrJhrsm;<br />

waeYwjcm; wdk;yGm;vmayonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aq;½Hkr½Sd? &efukefwuúodkvfwGifvnf;<br />

ausmif;om;tenf;i,fudkom vufcHEdkifaom aq;½Hkwckom ½Sdonf/ aq;rvHkavmufrIaMumihf ,refESpfu raooifhbJ<br />

aooGm;&aom udkapmMunf ('k-Oypm) udk MunfhvQif odEdkifonf/<br />

txufyg rjynfhpHkrvHkavmufrIrsm;aMumihf ausmif;om;rsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? epfemcsufrsm;? qHk;½IH;aeaom<br />

tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfxkwfí wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf wuúodkvfü½Sdaom bmom&yfqdkif&mtoif;tzGJ Ursm;? o[m,<br />

ESifh pmzwftoif;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk zdwfac:aqG;aEG;í vdkvm;csuf (22) csufudk azmfxkwfcg 30? 9? 52 &ufaeY<br />

wGif wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY wifjycJhonf/<br />

þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &efukefwuúodkvfo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf 'kwd,ESpf0uf nDvmcHBuD;rS<br />

vnf;aumif;? waumif;ausmif;aqmif? oxHkausmif;aqmif? jynfausmif;aqmif? yJcl;ausmif;aqmif? ppfudkif;ausmif;<br />

aqmif? tif;vsm;ausmif;aqmif? oD&dausmif;aqmif ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;rsm;rS vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

tdE´d,ausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;? &efukefwuúodkvf ynmodyÜHausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;rS vnf;aumif;? wuo<br />

awmif;qdkcsufudk axmufcHcJhMuonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (20) &uf ausmif;om;aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;BuD;rS awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

(22) csufudk wuorS aiGxdef; udkpdefoif;u wifoGif;NyD; ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;u axmufcHcJhMuonf/ ¤if;tpnf;<br />

ta0;yGJ tNyD;wGif ausmif;om;xkBuD;onf t"dywdvrf;rBuD;rS &efukefwuúodkvf bJGUESif;obifcef;rBuD;odkY csDwuf<br />

qE´jy axmufcHcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xk pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIaMumifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm; &½SdcJhonf/<br />

(C) 1952 Zlvdkifv ausmif;aqmifvufcHa&;wdkufyGJ<br />

ausmif;rsm; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfvdkufaomtcgwGif ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;u rw&m;<br />

jyefvnf ½kyfodrf;vmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,f&ef BudK;pm;vmMuonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfrSm qdkvQif<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm;odkY ausmif;om;rsm; vufcHonfhae&mwGif uefYowfcsufrsm; trsKd;rsKd; jyKvkyfvmMuonf/ &efukefNrdKU<br />

ay:wGif aexdkifaom ausmif;om;rsm;? pepfa[mif;t& ajzqdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;? 'D*&D&NyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;?<br />

uefYowfxm;onhf c½dkif (rEÅav;? a½Tbdk? rHk½Gm? ausmufqnf? ppfudkif;? rdw¬Dvm? armfvNrdKif) ponfwdkYrS ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

udk &efukefwuúodkvfü vufrcH&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ ausmif;aqmifOya' rvdkufemonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;-<br />

(1) wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;udk ajzqdkcGifUray;jcif;<br />

(2) 'D*&D&NyD;aom ausmif;om;jzpfygu 'D*&Dudk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;<br />

(3) ausmif;rS xkwfy,fjcif; ponfh tjypfay;rIrsKd;udk jyKvkyfvmMuonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif aexkdif&ef tcGifhta&;r&cJhvQif e,frSausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfodkY ausmif;wufawmh<br />

rnfenf;/ xkdodkY ausmif;om;tusKd;ESifh qefYusifaom ausmif;aqmifvufcHa&; Oya'udk ref;wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmif<br />

tzGJUonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh yl;aygif;wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJatmifaom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tm; uefYowfjcif;r½SdbJ &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü vufcH&ef? ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;udkvnf; cGJjcm;rIr½SdbJ<br />

ausmif;aqmifwGif vufcH&ef? vdktyfonfhae&mrsm;wGif ,m,DwJrsm; aqmufvkyfay;&ef? Zlvdkifv (15) &ufaeYwGif pwifNyD;<br />

oifMum;ydkYcs&mwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjypfay;rnf[lonfh tcsufudk y,fzsufay;&ef paom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;udk oufqkdif&m<br />

tmPmydkifrsm;xH ta&;qkdwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&m ausmif;om;xk nDñGwfa&;tm;aMumifh vdkvm;csufrsm; &mEIef;jynfh&cJhonf/<br />

(i) 1953-54 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ<br />

xkdaeYa½G;aumufyGJwGif wdk;wufESifh 'DtufpftdkwdkY tm;NydKifMuonf/ oefY½Sif;wdkYonf tiftm;pktjzpf &yfwnf<br />

cJhaomfvnf; t"dutcef;wGif r½Sdawmhacs/ wdk;wufwdkYrSm pnf;½Hk;a&;tajccHt& tom&vsuf½Sdonf/<br />

tqdkygESpfwGif wuúodkvfodkY a&mufvmaom ausmif;om;OD;a&rSm w½Sdefxkd;rsm;jym;vmonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

tpOftvmwckrSm a½G;aumufyGJwGif rJay;Edkifa&;twGuf ausmif;om;xktm; <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifyHkpHpm½Gufrsm; ay;a0&onf/<br />

373

374<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifjzpfrSom rJay;ydkifcGifh½Sdonf/ ,cifusif;ycJhaom a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif ¤if;yHkpHpm½Gufrsm;tm; ausmif;om;xktm;<br />

tcsKyftcs,fr½Sd ay;a0cJhonf/<br />

1953-54 ck ynmoifESpftwGuf a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd 'Dtufpftdk udkudkBuD;onf yHkpHpm½Gufrsm;udk tcsKyf<br />

tcs,fwkdif;um owfrSwfay;cJhonf/ a½G;aumufyGJ 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifaom tzGJUtpnf;onf ½Gufa&ig;&m xkwf,lvQif<br />

¤if;ig;&mjyefoGif;NyD;rS aemufxyf xkwf,lEdkifaom pepfudk jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ xkdYaMumifh toif;0ifpm½Guf a0ay;a&;rSm<br />

'Dtufpftdk vufxJa&mufaeavonf/ yHkpHpm½Guf jyKvkyfa&;wGif 'Dtufpftdk tusKd;twGuf rsm;pGm vkyfudkifEdkifonf/<br />

¤if;<strong>or*¾</strong>yHkpHrsm;udk jyefoGif;aomtcgwGif 0ifaMu; (3) usyf ay;&onf/ þwGif 'DtufpftdktzGJUonf csKdUwJhaom<br />

ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkYtm; tcGifhaumif; ,lcJhonf/ ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ausmif;om;wdkYtm; yHkpHrsm; xkwfay;NyD;<br />

aiGrsm; oGif;NyD;vQif rJ&a&;twGuf vkyfEdkifcJhonf/ &efukefNrdKUwGif q,fwef;atmifaomfvnf; wuúodkvfodkY qufvuf<br />

rwufEkdifbJ ½Hk;rsm;wGif tvkyfvkyfaeolaygif; (600) ausmf ½Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk aiGtajrmuftrsm; tukefcHí wuúodkvf<br />

wGif rSwfyHkwifay;onf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>yHkpHrsm; ay;a0NyD; 0ifaMu;twGuf ¤if;wdkYu tpm;xdk;ay;cJhonf/ a½G;aumufyGJaeYwGif<br />

'Dtufpftdk tzGJUtm; rJay;&ef ½Hk;udk oufoufrJh ydwfay;onf/ 'DtufpftdkbufrS rJrsm;&ef BudK;yrf;cJhonf/<br />

rJqG,f&mwGif aiGudkoHk;í acsmhjrL½kHrubJ rvHkYwvHkr,frsm;ESihf rdwfqufay;jcif;? erf;½IyfyGwfoyfenf;udk<br />

twk,lapcJhonf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;udk pdwf"gwftm; t&nfaysmfvmNyD; ¤if;wdkYbuf OD;vnfvmap&ef toHk; jyKcJh<br />

onf/ wDwDpDausmif;aqmifrS rrsKd;jrifhtm; 0efBuD;uawmfwOD;u ac:,lawGUqHkcJhonf/ rrsKd;jrifhtm; 'Dtufpftdktm;<br />

rJay;&ef ajymaomfvnf; rrsKd;jrifhu vufrcH/ rrsKd;jrifhtm; ajymifavSmif vTwf½Hkomru Ncdrf;ajcmufcJhonf/ bifwef<br />

ausmif;aqmifrS rjrihfjrihfcifESifh a':vDoef;wdkYtm; 0efBuD;wOD;ESifh qdk½S,fvpftrwfwOD;u ac:,lNcdrf;ajcmufonf/<br />

a½G;aumuf yGJaeYwGif rJrxnfhEdkif&eftwGuf ¤if;wdkYtdrfwGif ac:,lí tus,fcsKyf xm;cJhonf/<br />

(p) a&G;aumufyGJaeYjrifuGif;<br />

52-53 a½G;aumufyJG t&m½Sd<br />

wuoOuú| udkudkBuD;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeUwGif usif;yonf/ vlpkvl<br />

a0;rsm; tv,fwGif qkd½S,fvpf trwfrsm;? zqyvvlBuD;rsm;? 0efBuD;uawmf<br />

rsm;rSm xif;ueJay:vGifaeonf/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol a'gif;rsm; tv,fwGif<br />

vif;wawG a&mufaeovdk jzpfonf/ olwdkYonf tvpfwGif xkd;okwf Muayvdrfh<br />

rnf/ wdk;wuftiftm;pku a½G;aumufyGJ ½Sif;vif;a&;twGuf ½Sif;vif;yGJ jyKvkyfMu<br />

onf/ wdk;wuftiftm;pkrSm o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wGif tEdkif&xm;onf/<br />

¤if;wdkYxJwGif rjrifhjrifhcif (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)? roef;oef;at; (aemif<br />

'nif;ukef;tkwfpuf) paom ZwfZwfusJrsm; ygonf/<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif rJESpfBudrf? oHk;BudrfoHk;&ef 'DtufpftdkwdkYu npfywfcJhonf/<br />

vlwOD;onf ½SpfBudrf rJay;EdkifcJhonf/ aemufqHk; ppfudkif;aqmifrS udkpdk;oef;udk<br />

Ouú|tjzpf 0ifta½G;cHol udktkef;cdkifu vufyl;vufMuyf zrf;rdonf/ a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

pvQifpjcif; wjcm;tzGJUrsm;u rJyHk;udk csdyfydwf&ef ajymaomfvnf; csdyfr½Sd[ktaMumif;<br />

jyefonf/ jzwfydkif; r&ao;olawGu <strong>or*¾</strong>0if rSwfyHkwif aumuf,lxm;ol 'Dtufpftdk<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk vdkufNyD; ½SmaeMuonf/ a½G;aumufyGJ trSwf? twef;trnf?<br />

rSefrrSef ppfaq;jcif; r½Sd/ jzwfydkif;rsm;ay:wGif tvG,fwul a&;ay;vdkufMuonf/ rauseyfoHrsm; xGufay:vmonf/<br />

]]t&ifa&mufoludk t&ifray;bl;? ESpfem&Davmuf½SdNyD tckxd r&ao;bl;}}<br />

]]vludk,fwdkifvm,lygap? vufrSwfvnf; aoaocsmcsmMunfh 'Dvl oHk;av;cg½SdNyD}}<br />

]]uRefawmf rJjym;rxkwf&ao;bl;As? b,fol,loGm;ovJ 'grw&m;bl;}}<br />

12 em&DwGif ausmif;tm;csdefESifh qHkojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; 'va[m a&mufvmMu\/<br />

]]uGsefawmf rJray;&ao;bl;As? cifAsm;wdkY oufoufrJh uRefawmfh tcGifhta&;udk apmfum;wmyJ? b,fol<br />

,loGm;ovJ}}<br />

]]uGRefawmfausmif;u Identity Card ygw,fAs? aoaocsmcsmMunfh}} atmfajymoHrsm; xGufvmonf/<br />

wcsKdU rJqE´½Sifrsm;u rJay;NyD;om; jzpfaeonf/ olwdkYwGif jzwfydkif;½Sdaeygvsuf b,fvdk rJay;xm;vdkufrSef;rod<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u Check [k atmf&if; rJvdrfay;aeolrsm;udk ppfaq;ae&onf/ rJjym;xkwf&m ae&mwGif ausmif;om;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm; udk,fwdkif apmifhae&onf/<br />

]]AsKdU rJ½HkxJ rJrqG,fygESifh? a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdawG wm;jrpfay;yg? 'DtufpftdkawG rJqG,faeygonf}}<br />

toHrsm; wjznf;wjznf; xGufvmonf/ tcsdef wjznf;jznf; ajymif;vmonf/ rauseyfbl; npfywfonf[laom<br />

toHrsm;um; ausmif;om;wdkif; yg;pyfwGif ajymaeonf/<br />

]]vludk,fwdkifvmrS ay;ygvdkY uRefawmfwdkYajymw,f? cifAsm; 'Dvdkay;wmudk uefYuGufw,f}}<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ uefYuGufoH? rJjym; cdk;xkwfoGm;í uefYuGufoH? rJay;NyD;om; jzpfaeí rauseyfoHrsm;<br />

ay:xGufvmonf/ ausmif;om;r[kwfaom rJrsm;udk awGU&onf/<br />

]]jynfaxmifpk vli,fav;a,mufudk wm;w,f? olwdkYudk ppfzdkY udkvS0if;eJY udkudkBuD;wdkY ½Hk;ac:oGm;w,f}}<br />

]]'DvlawG[m ausmif;om;awG r[kwfbl;As? ½Hk;pma&;awG Munfhjrifwdkif b,fXmeuav? cifAsm; b,ftwef;<br />

uvnf;? b,fcHkeHygwfvnf;? b,fbmom t"du,lovJ}} trsKd;orD;wOD;udk ppfar;onf/ trsKd;orD;u ausmif;ol<br />

[kwfyHkray:? rsufpdrsufESmysufum jzpfaeonf/ udk,fpm;vS,fuvnf; rdxm;NyD[k twyfajymum qufwdkufar;cGef;<br />

rsm;ar;\/<br />

]]rJvdyfawG aygw,f? rJolcdk;awG aygw,f}} qlvmMuonf/<br />

]]cifAsm; udkwifxGef; r[kwfbl;? uRefawmfeJY udkwifxGef; wcef;xJyJ cifAsm;nmw,f}} udktkef;cdkif (oefY½Sif;)<br />

atmfoHMum;&NyD;<br />

]]rJolcdk;rdNyD}} ausmif;om;rsm; 0dkif;tHkvmonf/ Ouú| ½Hk;cef;odkY ac:vmonf/<br />

]]rJolcdk; rdjyefNyDwJhvm;}}<br />

]]b,frvJuG? ½dkuf[? owf[}}<br />

wae&mwGif qlaeMuonf/ rsufrSefESifh vlwOD;udk nDñGwfa&;acgif;aqmifwOD;u zrf;xm;\/ olY&ifbwf<br />

wGif 'Dtufpftdk wHqdyfygvmaomf wcsKdUu vufoD;ESifhxdk;&ef BudK;pm;ojzifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; wm;ae&<br />

jyef\/<br />

]]'Dtufpftdkcsnf; rJcdk;wmr[kwf? wjcm;olawGvnf; rJcdk;wmyJ}} atmfaeMu\/<br />

nDñGwfa&;acgif;aqmif tcsKdUu-<br />

]]rw&m;a½G;aumufyGJ tvdkr½Sd}} [k atmfvmonf/<br />

]]rJcdk;wm b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ}}<br />

]]b,favmufcdk;xm;vJ rodbl;}}<br />

]]'DvdkyJ MunfhaeMuawmhrSmvm;}}<br />

]]a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd vmyg? vmyg}} wcsKdUu atmfaeMuonf/<br />

]]a½G;aumufyGJudk b,fvdkoabmxm;ovJ ajymyg}}<br />

]]qufvkyf&vdrfhr,f? uRefawmf zsufray;Edkifbl;}} r&Jw&J toHjzpfae\/<br />

'Dtufpftdk acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfaom udkjrwfxGef; (aemif wmarG txu? ygwD,lepf Ouú|a[mif;) onf<br />

tay:tusÐudkcRwf vufudkyifhcg Zmwfvdkufyrm 0ifvmNyD; rJyHk;ay:wGif xkdifxm;onf/ udkudkBuD;ESifh udkudkav; b,fqD<br />

ajy;rSef;rod/<br />

]]ykvdyfawG vmNyD? ykvdyfawG vmNyD}}<br />

ykvdyfjrifaomtcg ausmif;om;xkBuD;onf ydkrdkatmfvmonf/ 0g;&if;wkwfudkif (2) OD;? awmfrD*ef; aoewfudkif<br />

wOD;? t&m½SdwOD;? w&m;olBuD;wOD; jzpfonf/<br />

ykvdyfrsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;u-<br />

]]raMumufbl;uG? ypfvkduf? ausmif;om;xkxJ 0ifr½IyfeJY}} atmfMuonf/<br />

tjyifrS ykvdyfum;wpD;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>wHcg;qDodkY armif;NyD; ydwfum wm;vdkufonf/ ykvdyfum; r0ifawmhacs/<br />

]]a[;}} [k nmoHBuD; xGufvm\/ ykvdyfum;tcsKdU <strong>or*¾</strong>0if; wHcg;qDodkY csOf;uyfum tay:odkY wuf&ef<br />

oGm;Mu\/<br />

]]ykvdyf vmNyD? ykvdyf vmNyD? ykvdyfvufxJ rJyHk; rtyfbl;uG}}<br />

ausmif;om;&JabmfwOD;u rJyHk;xm;½Sd&m jyLwif;ayguf abmifudk vufESpfzufESifh udkifum udkjrwfxGef;\<br />

Zufykdif;udk ajcjzifh aqmifhuefvdkufonf/ udkjrwfxGef;onf rJyHk;a½SUodkY pdkufusoGm;onf/ ausmif;om;tcsKdUonf rJyHk;udk<br />

0dkif;rí wuo yxrxyfrS uwå&mvrf;ray:odkY rJyHk;udk ypfcsvdkufonf/<br />

375

376<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

rJyHk;onf uwå&mvrf;ray:odkY usoGm;aomtcg rJyHk;uGJoGm;NyD; rJjym;rsm; tHxGufvmonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

tcsKdUonf rw&m;a½G;aumufyGJ[k a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

xdk;í &,f&if;? jyHK;&if; rJqG,fMuonf/ a½G;aumufyGJ0if tjcm;tzGJUjzpfonhf nDñGwfaomausmif;om;tzGJUrSm rnfolYudkrS<br />

vnf; zdwfac:rauR;arG;Edkif? rnfonfh tcGifhta&;rQvnf; ray;Edkif? olwdkYrSm vkyftm;om½Sdonf/<br />

qdk½S,fvpf ausmif;om;rsm;onf &mxl;? tmPm? tcGifhta&;udk xHk;wrf;tpOftvmtjzpf toHk;jyKMuonf/<br />

¤if;xHk;wrf;pOfvmonf qdk½S,fvpftzdk;BuD;? tzGm;BuD;rsm;rSaeí 'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;? ajr;jrpfrsm;txd qif;oufvm<br />

onf/ olwdkYtm; rJay;a&;twGuf Ncdrf;ajcmufoHrSm jyif;xefvSonf/ ausmif;om;a&m rdbyg tvl;tvSdrfhcHcJhMu&onf/<br />

axmufyHhaMu; ½kyfodrf;rnf/ tpdk;&tvkyfrS jzKwfypfrnf/ ausmif;om;ESifh rdbrsm;\ em;0,f þtoHwdkYrSm jynfhESufae<br />

ayawmhonf/ tvkyfvufrJhrsm; axmufyHhaMu; ½kyfodrf;cH&olrsm;udk jrifa,mifaeMuonf/ OD;acgif;txufrS oHzaemifh<br />

udk xdawGUprf;oyfrdMuonf/ qdk½S,fvpfausmif;om;rsm;tm; rJay;cdkif;rSjzpfacsawmhrnf/ þodkY ,dkifvJqHk;jzwfMuonf/<br />

rEÅav;NrdKUay:ü zqyvtrIaqmifvlBuD;rsm; trwfrif;rsm; ajcoGufaeMuawmhonf/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;<br />

rdbrsm;tdrfodkY 0ifxGufaeMuonf/ vlBuD;csif; awGUqHkMuonf/ rJqG,fMuonf/ zqyvrS rif;bl; OD;armifarmif?<br />

OD;bMunf? a':MunfMunf? qdk½S,fvpftrwf OD;vSazwdkYrSm NrdKUxJrSm xif;ueJay:aeonf/ &efukefrS qdk½S,fvpf<br />

pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL; rjrjrarmfqdkolrSmvnf; cgawmfrD tajy;tvTm; qdkufa&mufvmonf/ ref;wuúodkvf qdk½S,fvpf ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm;BudK;udkif&ef &efukefqdk½S,fvpfygwDrS udkoef;EGJU (ac:) udkoef;ñGefY (ac:) udkrif;aZmf a&mufvmonf/ olonf<br />

ref;wuúodkvfodkY ausmif;om;tjzpf a&mufvmaomfvnf; twef;wufonfrSm [efjyom jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

[laom wHqdyfuyfí qdk½S,fvpf pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL;tjzpf zHk;uG,fxm;cJhavonf/ olonf a½G;aumufyGJ0if&ef twwfEdkifqHk;<br />

BudK;pm;avonf/ &efukefrS q&m OD;at;armifav;onfvnf; a½G;aumufyGJaqmif½Guf&ef tcsdefrD qdkufa&mufvmonf/<br />

qdk½S,fvpfausmif;om;wdkYzufrS ajctoGufqHk; vkyftm;txkwfqHk; yk*¾dKvfrSm trwf OD;vSaz jzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ausmif;om;<br />

ESifh vli,fpnf;½Hk;a&; wm0efcHtjzpf 0efBuD; OD;ausmfNidrf;udk,fwdkif cefYxm;cJhol jzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xk vdktyfaom qE´rSm nDñGwfa&;tm; oHrPdom;usatmif xkvkyfoGef;avmif;&ef jzpfayonf/<br />

nDñGwfa&;tm; csKd;zsufolrsm;tm; ausmif;om;abmifrS xm0pOfxkwfy,f&ef jzpfonf/ nDñGwfa&;tm; ,aeYum,uH<br />

ajrmuf zsufqD;aeol zqyv? qdk½S,fvpfESifh 'DtufpftkdwdkYtm; ausmif;om;aqmifrS z,f½Sm;zsufodrf;jcif;? tzsuf<br />

tvkyfESifh nDñGwfa&;tm; ajrawmifajr§muf jyKpkjcif; tjyKtvkyfwdkYtm; wcsdefxJwNydKifxJ vkyfMu&ef jzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkonf nDñGwfa&; tñGefY? tan§mifh? tzl;? tyGifhwdkYtm; BuD;xGm;vmap&ef ajrawmifajr§mufay;<br />

aom wl½Gif;jym;rsm;udk udkifaqmifonfh O,smOfrSL;rsm; jzpfonf/ 'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;wdkYonf ausmif;om;nDñGwf<br />

a&;tm; ajrjr§KyfoN*KØ[f&ef wl;½Gif;jym;rsm;udk udkifaqmifMuolrsm; jzpfonf/<br />

odkYaomf &efukefESifh ref;wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif qdk½S,fvpfwdkY b,fvdk npfywfywf<br />

aemufqHk; ½IH;edrfhoGm;avonf/ wdk;wufESifh ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;tiftm;pkrSm rJtjywftoufESifh tEdkif&cJhonf/<br />

zqyv qdk½S,fvpfwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYtMuHtpnf ratmifjrifaomtcgwGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk pifNyKdifwnfaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;<br />

vmMuonf/ OD;A*srf; OD;pD;aom ArmEdkifiHvli,ftpnf;t½Hk; ½Sdygvsuf jynfaxmifpkvli,ftm; pifNydKifzGJUcJhonf/<br />

tvkyform;tzGJUudkvnf; pifNydKif jzpfapcJhonf/ udkxGef;pdef? udkApdef? udk&m½Spf? udkatmifqef;? udkEk? udkatmifausmf?<br />

udkvSa½T? udkA[def;? udkAaqGwdkY acwfu awmufajymifcJhaom ausmif;om;&mZ0iftm; qdk½S,fvpfwdkYu ½THUAGufa&ESifh<br />

vdrf;usHMuacsNyD/ ArmwjynfvHk;ü 'DtufpftdktzGJUrsm; vdkufzGJUjcif;jzihf qdk½S,fvpfygwDtm; usm;uef taxmuftul<br />

jyK&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; wHwdkif;BuD;udk rausmfEdkifcJhay/<br />

(Z) yJhwif½dkufcwfoHrsm;<br />

1953 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (28) &ufwGif wuoa½G;aumufyGJü rJcdk;rIBuD; jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf wuoa½G;aumufyGJ<br />

ysufoGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf um;tpD;aygif; (86) pD;jzifh &efukefNrdKUwGif; vSnfhvnfcJhMuonf/ vlxkBuD;tm;<br />

rJcdk;yGJBuD; jzpfaMumif; wdkifwef;cJhMuonf/<br />

wuúodkvfodkY n (12) em&DausmfwGif jyefvnf a&muf½SdvmNyD;aemuf pnf;a0;Muonf/ þtpnf;ta0;BuD;rS<br />

atmufyg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfcJhonf/<br />

(1) NyD;cJhaom a½G;aumufyGJonf w&m;0ifa½G;aumufyGJ r[kwf/<br />

(2) qdk½S,fvpf udkudkBuD;onf a½G;aumufyGJtm; Edkifeif;pGm pDrHtkyfcsKyfEkdifol r[kwf? xkdYaMumifh þyk*¾dKvftm;<br />

t,HktMunf r½Sd? aemufxyfusif;yrnfh a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif ¤if;tm; a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdtjzpf cefYtyf<br />

jcif; rjyK&ef/<br />

377

378<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(3) ppfNyD;acwf wuoOuú|a[mif;rsm;u BuD;rSL;NyD; a½G;aumufyGJusif;y ay;&ef/<br />

(4) Identity Card rsm; rJrvdrfEdkif&ef a½G;aumufyGJtrD xkwfay;xm;&ef/<br />

(5) pufwifbmv (15) &uf rwdkifrD a½G;aumufyGJusif;y&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

w&m;rQwaom wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;aqmif½Gufay;&ef ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;udk Mo*kwfv<br />

(31) &ufaeYnu oxHk? yJcl;? yif;,? ppfudkif;? '*Hk ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü usif;yMu\/ 1? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif a½Tbdk<br />

aqmifü vnf;aumif;? 2? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif tif;0ausmif;aqmifü vnf;aumif; usif;yonf/ ¤if;toif;tzGJUrsm;u<br />

rdrdwdkY oabmxm;rsm;udk xkwfjyefaMunmonfrSm-<br />

(1) o[m,ESifU pmzwftoif;aygif;pHk\ arwÅm&yfcHcsuf<br />

w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJBuD; tjrefjzpfa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Muygpdkh?<br />

ausmif;ol^om; &Jabmftaygif;wdkh-<br />

Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeYu ysufoGm;aom wuoa½G;aumufyGJBuD;udk &Jabmfausmif;om;^olwdkY todyifjzpf<br />

\/ xkdodkY <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJ ysufpD;oGm;jcif;um; wuo&mZ0ifwGif wBudrfwcgrS ay:vnf; ray:? jzpfvnf;<br />

rjzpfcJhbl;cJh? a½G;aumufyGJ ysufpD;oGm;jcif;twGuf ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;tzdkY rsm;pGm 0rf;enf;p&maumif;onhf tjyif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;\ vufiif;awGUMuHK cHpm;&csufwdkYudk ajz½Sif;ay;Edkif&eftwGufvnf; aESmifhaES;jcif; jzpfcJh&ayonf/<br />

&Jabmfwdkhwuoonf<br />

ausmif;om;xktm; udk,fpm;jyK&m? ausmif;om;xk\ qE´tm;xkwfazmf&m? ausmif;om;xk\<br />

rSDcdk&mjzpfayonf/ wuo avmavmq,f r½SdonfhtwGuf igwdkY\ tm;xm;&mawmifBuD; NydKuGJaeonfESifh wlvS<br />

ayonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif ausmif;om;xk\ &ifqdkifawGUMuHK cHpm;&csufrsm;onf rsm;jym;vS\/ avmavmq,f<br />

aqmif½Guf&ef tcsufrsm;vnf; ½Sd\/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;qdkvQif ,ckatmufwdkbm ausmif;rydwfrD<br />

aqmif½GufrS jzpfEkdifrnfhudpö jzpfonf/<br />

xkdodkY w&m;rQwaom wuoa½G;aumufyGJBuD;onf ,cktwGif; ESpfBudrfpvHk; NyD;pD;oGm;rSyif jzpfrnf/ wuo<br />

a½G;aumufyGJBuD; tjrefjzpfa&;? w&m;rQwa&;rSm ausmif;ol^om;wdkY\ wm0efjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ qE´tay:<br />

wGifom trSDjyKayonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeY nu jyKvkyfaom ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJrSm<br />

w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD[lí wdk;wuf? nDñGwf? trsKd;om;? 'DtufpftdktzGJUrS udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;\/ wzufrS Ouú|a[mif; udkudkBuD;vnf; a½G;aumufyGJvkyfrnf[kqdkxm;onf/ xdkodkY pifNydKifjzpf<br />

ay:a&;udk vHk;0igwdkYrvdkvm;? a½G;aumufyGJjzpfa&;onf ausmif;om;xkqE´? ausmif;om;xk vdkvm;rIrsm;udk xkwfazmf<br />

&eftwGuf Mum;umvtwGif;0,f igwdkY o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;ay:wGif wm0efusa&mufvsuf½SdNyD[k igwdkY<br />

,HkMunfayonf/ xdk,HkMunfcsuft& vnf;aumif;? qdkif&m o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; ausmif;om;xktzGJU<br />

tpnf;rsm;rS wm0efay;tyfcsuft& vnf;aumif;? igwdkY o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;rS OD;pD;um ausmif;om;xk<br />

tpnf;ta0;yGJw&yfudk ,ck pufwifbmv (3) &uf Mumoyaw;aeY aeYvnf (12) em&DwGif ,k'oefcef;rü usif;y<br />

rnfjzpf&m ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkif; tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufum wuo a½G;aumufyGJ tjrefjzpfa&;?<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif w&m;rQwa&;wdkYtwGuf rdrdwdkY qE´udk xkwfazmfjyMu&ef arwåm&yfcHygaMumif;/<br />

w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJBuD; tjrefjzpfa&;odkh<br />

1/ tif;0aqmif 7/ '*Hkaqmif<br />

2/ ppfudkif;aqmif 8/ jynfaqmif<br />

3/ yif;,aqmif 9/ waumif;aqmif<br />

4/ yJcl;aqmif 10/ aq;odyÜHaqmif<br />

5/ oxHkaqmif 11/ tif;vsm;aqmif<br />

6/ a½Tbdkaqmif 12/ oD&daqmif<br />

o[m,ESifU pmzwftoif;rsm;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(2) ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD<br />

xkwfjyefaMunmcsuftrSwf (1)<br />

,ckvwfwavm ausmif;om;rsm;ta&; tvGefw&m ½IyfaxG;aeonfudk wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tvsiftjref<br />

a½G;aumufjcif;jzifh ajz½Sif;&ef ausmif;aygif;pHk o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;rS Ouú|? twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;\ tpnf;<br />

ta0;w&yfudk 1? 9? 53 aeY? nae (4) em&D tcsdefwGif wuotaqmuftODü usif;yjyKvkyfaMumif;/ tpnf;ta0;<br />

wGif yif;,ausmif;aqmif Ouú| udkomausmfu obmywdtjzpf aqmif½Gufí oxHkausmif;aqmif twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkarmifarmifBuD;u twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½GufNyD; atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkuf<br />

aMumif;/<br />

w&m;rQwaom wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tvsiftjref usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;?<br />

aeYausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkY\ Ouú|ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;u BuD;r SL;í 3? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;<br />

w&yf usif;yjyKvkyf&ef/<br />

txufyg ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;\ Ouú|ESifh<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; aygif;pHkyg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yfudk xkdtpnf;ta0;rS zGJUpnf;vdkufaMumif;/ xkdtzGJUwGifudkomausmf<br />

Ouú| (yif;,aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; Ouú|)<br />

udkwifa½T 'kOuú| (a½Tbdkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; Ouú|)<br />

udkwifxGef; twGif;a&;rSL; (oxHkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; twGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkarmifarmifBuD; tzGJU0ifrsm; (yJcl;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; twGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkjrwfpH (oxHkaqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; Ouú|)<br />

rjrifhjrifhcif (oD&daqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; Ouú|)<br />

rcifzkef;rdk (tif;vsm;aqmif o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif; Ouú|)<br />

-ponfwdkYudk trsm;oabmwl a½G;cs,fvdkufMuaMumif;/<br />

w&m;rQwaom wuo a½G;aumufyGJ tjrefjzpfa&;odkh<br />

tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaom taqmifrsm;<br />

1/ ppfudkif;aqmif<br />

2/ a½Tbdkaqmif<br />

3/ tif;0aqmif<br />

4/ oxHkaqmif<br />

5/ yJcl;aqmif<br />

6/ yif;,aqmif<br />

7/ waumif;aqmif<br />

8/ jynfausmif;aqmif<br />

9/ tif;vsm;aqmif<br />

10/ oD&daqmif<br />

11/ aq;odyÜHausmif;aqmif wkdYjzpfonf/<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJ jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

379

380<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(3) w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf n§dEIdif;MupdkY<br />

,aeY wuúodkvfausmif;awmfBuD;wGif ynmoifMum;vsuf½Sdaom ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;rSm jyóemtrsKd;rsKd;?<br />

tcGifhta&;qHk;½IH;rI toG,foG,fjzifh &ifqdkifvsuf ½SdMuayonf/ ausmif;aqmifcef;rrsm; rvHkavmufjcif;? ausmif;oHk;<br />

y&dabm* csKdUwJhjcif;? oifMum;ydkYcsol q&mrsm;enf;yg;jcif;? avmu"mwfynmqdkif&m prf;oyfypönf;rsm; rzlvHkjcif;<br />

wdkYrSm jiif;uG,fí r&Edkifatmifjzpfaeonf/ xdkodkY rjynfhpHkrvHkavmufrItm; ajz½Sif;ay;&rnfhtpm; oufqdkif&mwdkYonf<br />

ausmif;om;tcsif;csif;wdkY aoG;uGJatmifzefwD;um ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;&ef MuHpnfvsuf½SdMu<br />

ayonf/ xkdodkY jzpfay:vsuf½Sdaom ausmif;om;wdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk aqmif½Guf&efESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;<br />

umuG,f&efrSm ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u wifajr§mufxm;aom wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ wm0efyifjzpfonf/<br />

odkYaomf ,cktcsdef 1952-53 ckESpftwGuf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhaom trIaqmiftm;vHk;rSm wuo<br />

zGJUpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf; Oya't& wm0efukefqHk;cJhNyD jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf trIaqmiftzGJUuwqifh wm0efvTJtyfjcif;cH&<br />

aom aEG&moDwm0efcH av;OD;om ½SdcJhayawmhonf/ aEG&moDwm0efcH av;OD;omvQif trIaqmiftzGJUopf a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

rjyKvkyfrDpyfMum;wGif ausmif;om;xk\ jyóemt&yf&yfudk ajz½Sif; aqmif½GufcJh&ayonf/ ,ckuJhodkY BuD;rm;vSaom<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>\ wm0efESifh ausmif;om;tusKd;udk aEG&moDwm0efcH (4) OD;wnf;ESifh aqmif½Gufae&mwGif pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk<br />

½dkaoav;pm;&ojzifh vnf;aumif;? trIaqmifwzGJUvHk;\ tmPmudk,lum wm0eftm;vHk;udk xrf;aqmifae&ojzifh<br />

tcuftcJrsm;pGm awGUMuHKae&ayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tusKd;udk ydkifEdkifpGm aqmif½GufEdkif&efESifh awGUqHkae&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk ausmfvGef&efrSm wuo<br />

a½G;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;usif;yum trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&efyif jzpfonf/ pnf;rsOf;Oya't&vnf;<br />

aumif;? ausmif;om;xktusKd;udk ydkifEkdifpGm aqmif½Guf&efESifh awGUqHkaeaom tcuftcJrsm;udk ausmfvGef&ef wuo<br />

a½G;aumufyGJudk tjrefqHk; usif;yum trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&efyif jzpfawmhonf/<br />

pnf;rsOf;Oya't& vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;xktusKd;udk ydkifEdkifpGm aqmif½GufEdkif&eftwGuf vnf;aumif;?<br />

wuo a½G;aumufyGJonf vdktyfvmonfudk awGU½Sd&onf/ vuf½Sd wuowm0efudk xrf;aqmifae&aom aEG&moD<br />

wm0efcHrsm;wGifvnf; aEG&moDwm0efcHa[mif; wOD;jzpfol Ouú|a[mif; udkudkBuD;u aEG&moDwm0efrsm;udk &yfpJvdkuf<br />

onf[k pnf;rsOf;Oya't& vkyfydkifcGifhr½SdbJ aMunmcJhonf/ þuJhodkY a½G;aumufyGJ ra½G;rD pyfMum;umvwGif ausmif;om;<br />

wdkY\ vdkvm;csufrsm;? tcGifhta&;rsm;udk aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm; pkaygif;aqmif½Guf&rnhftpm; aEG&moDwm0efcHwOD;jzpf<br />

ol udkudkBuD;onf woD;wjcm;cGJjcm;um igomvQiftmPm ½Sdonf[k pnf;urf;rJha

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(4) &efukefwuúodkvf wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk aMunmcsuf<br />

wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;usif;ya&;oabmxm;<br />

&Jabmf ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeYwGifusif;ycJhaom &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> a½G;aumufyGJonf rw&m;<br />

rI? vdrfvnfrIaMumifh ysufqD;oGm;cJhayonf/ a½G;aumufyGJysufNyD; ,cktcsdefxd (15) &uf twGif;ü-<br />

Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeY nu usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJ/<br />

o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;toD;oD;\ ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;/<br />

pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYu ,k'oefcef;rü usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJ/<br />

pufwifbmv (8) &ufaeYu usif;yaom &efukefwuúodkvf aeYausmif;ol^om;toif;\ pnf;a0;yGJrsm;u<br />

]w&m;rQwaoma½G;aumufyGJudk tjrefqHk;pdppfNyD; acwfa[mif;Ouú|a[mif;rsm;u OD;pD;usif;y&ef} awmif;qdkqHk;jzwf<br />

cJhayonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ aeYpOfESifhtrQ awmif;qdkqHk;jzwfcsufwdkYudk vHk;0rvdkufembJ wuoOuú|<br />

a[mif; udkudkBuD;onf wuoa½G;aumufyGJ t&m½SdtjzpfrS z,fray;½HkrQru a½G;aumufyGJudk pnf;rsOf;t& olomvQif<br />

usif;yrnf[k qdkcJhonf/ wzef wuúodkvfygarmu©csKyf? OD;pdefvS? OD;&efa0;? rGefpHvdIifwdkYESifh a½G;aumufyGJusif;yrnf[k<br />

xyfí aMunmjyefonf/<br />

wuo pnf;rsOf;wGif a½G;aumufyGJudk Ouú|a[mif;u OD;pD;usif;y&rnf[k qdkcJhayonf/ þtcsufonf<br />

rSefayonf/ odkYaomf Ouú|a[mif;\ rw&m;rIaMumifh a½G;aumufyGJ ysufjym;oGm;&ayonf/ þodkYa½G;aumufyGJ ysufjym;<br />

oGm;NyD;aemuf rnfuJhodkY aqmif½Guf&rnfqdkaomtcsufudk wuopnf;rsOf;wGif vHk;0ryg0ifcJhacs/ pnf;rsOf;wGif<br />

ryg0ifcJhaomf rnfodkY aqmif½GufcJhMuoenf;/ wuo\ a½G;aumufyGJtpOftvmudk Munfh½Ií aqmif½Guf&ayonf/<br />

wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tpOftvmt& 1946 ckwGif trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;ESifh Mum;ausmif;om;BuD;rsm;u OD;pD;usif;y<br />

cJh&ayonf/ þum; tpOftvmoabmt& jzpfayonf/ odkYaomf þodkYrvkyfbJ igomqdkifonf[k qdkcJhonf/<br />

wzef þodkYtpOftvm rvdkufemcJhaomf wuowGif tmPmtykdifqHk;jzpfaom tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJudk<br />

ac:,lay;&ef jzpfonf/ xkdtpnf;ta0;rSaeí w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJjzpfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkoabmudk<br />

,lí wduspGm qHk;jzwf&rnf jzpfonf/ &mZ0ifjyefMunfhvQif b,fwdkif;jynfrSm jzpfjzpf pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifh pyfvsOf;í<br />

tusyftwnf;awGUvQif vlxk\qE´udk,lonfh (Referendum) tp½Sdonfudk vkyf&onf/ þodkYvkyf&jcif;onf<br />

b,fwdkif;jynf b,ftzGJUtpnf;jzpfjzpf vlxkomvQif tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; wuo<br />

tjzpftysufESifh ywfoufí tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfonfh tvkyftpnf;ta0;ac:í qE´,l&ef oifhayonf/<br />

odkYaomf a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdonf wuopnf;rsOf;wGif rjynfhpHkaomtcsufudk tpOftvmt&vnf;aumif;?<br />

pnf;rsOf;t&vnf;aumif;? jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfygvsuf a½G;aumufyGJudk igwOD;wnf;omqdkifonf[k uyfaeum bmrS<br />

rvkyfbJ aecJhonf/ þodkYaecJhjcif;jzifh wOD;ESifhwOD; a½G;aumufyGJudk tcsif;rsm;apum wuoudk tmPmydkifrsm;?<br />

tpdk;&tzGJUrsm;u 0ifíwm;qD;&ef tcsdefqGJjcif;jzifh atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uftwGuf bmrSrvkyfEdkifbJ Edk0ifbmrS<br />

om usif;y&ef pDpOfaejcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

uREkfyfwdkh\ oabmxm;um;-<br />

,cktcsdefwGif rnfodkYyifjzpfap? wuoa½G;aumufyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;onf tjrefqHk; vdktyfvsuf½SdacsNyD/<br />

tb,faMumifhenf;-<br />

(1) aemuf (15) &uf MumvQif atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufodkY a&muf½Sdawmhrnfjzpf&m ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf<br />

ausmif;ol^om;wdkif;\ vdktyfcsuf jzpfayonf/ xkdvdktyfcsufonf wuorSaeí ta&;wBuD;aqmif½Guf<br />

ay;&rnf jzpf\/ wuo rzGJUpnf;&ao;vQif vHk;0raqmif½GufEdkif jzpf\/<br />

(2) ,aeY wuoESifhywfoufí tcsif;jzpfyGm;rIwdkYonf a½G;aumufyGJBuD;NyD;u tjrefqHk; ½Sif;vif;oGm;rnf jzpf\/<br />

(3) avmavmq,f ausmif;om;rsm; vufawGUepfemaeaom epfemcsufrsm;onf ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;udk<br />

udk,fpm;jyKonfh wuo½SdrSom jzpfEdkifayonf/<br />

(4) wuotaeESifh pifNydKif (2) ck jzpfay:a&;udk vHk;0 rvdkvm;ay/<br />

txufygtcsuf (4) csufwdkYaMumifh wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pkonf a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd udkudkBuD;<br />

tay:ü vHk;0t,HktMunfr½Sdaomfvnf;? usef ygarmu©csKyf? OD;pdefvS (Ouú|a[mif;)? OD;&efa0; (Ouú|a[mif;)ESifh<br />

381

382<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

rGefpHvdIif (0wfvHkawmf&) wdkY\ *kPfodu©mudk av;pm;aomtm;jzifh udkudkBuD;\ aMunmcsuftwdkif; atmufwkdbmv<br />

ausmif;ydwf&uf rwdkifrDtwGif; tjrefqHk;usif;yay;&ef jzpfonf/ þodkYusif;y&müvnf;-<br />

(1) Identity Card rsm;ESifh rJay;&ef?<br />

(2) Membership Card rsm;udk toif;0ifwdkif;\ vufxJodkY ta&mufay;tyfxm;&ef?<br />

(3) Ballot Card rsm;ay:wGif a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdESifh BuD;Muyfoltm;vHk;\ vufrSwfxkd;&ef?<br />

(4) ta½G;cHol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ qE´,l&ef/<br />

txufygtcsufwdkYtm; aqmif½GufvQif wdk;wufaomtiftm;pkrS vufcH&rnfjzpfaMumif;/<br />

ausmif;om;ta&; atmif&rnf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk<br />

þaMunmcsuf (4) csufudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh ]w&m;rQwaom wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;usif;yay;avmU}<br />

awmif;qdkaeMuayonf/ ausmif;om;xku OD;pD;usif;yrnfavm? udkudkBuD;u OD;pD;usif;yrnfavm/<br />

ausmif;om;xku OD;pD;usif;yvQif a½G;aumufyGJ (2) rsKd; jzpfvmrnf/ ESpfydkif;uGJoGm;vQif 'Dtufpftdkrsm;onf<br />

vlrsm;pkaxmufcHrIrvdkbJ xifovdk jyKusifhEdkifMuayrnf/ pdwfBudKuftrIaqmiftzGJUudk a½G;cs,fMuayrnf/<br />

xkdYaMumifh ausmif;om;xkonf udkudkBuD; OD;pD;usif;yaom a½G;aumufyGJ0ifMurnf[k vufcHvdkufMuonf/<br />

ESpfydkif;uGJudk apmifhí trIaqmif&mxl;tm; tacsmifqGJEIduf&ef 'DtufpftdkwdkYtwGuf [moGm;onf/ xkdtcg udkudkBuD;onf<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif ESpfzuftjiif;yGm;rIudk tcGifhaumif;,lum a½G;aumufyGJ usif;yrnfh&ufudk twwfEdkifqHk;a½TUqdkif;&ef<br />

tMuHjyKvmonf/ a½G;aumufyGJ tjrefqHk;jzpfa&; vrf;rBuD;ay:wGif csDwufvmaom ausmif;om;xkBuD;tm; wm;qD;<br />

ydwfyifaeacsNyD/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uf eD;uyfvmacsrnf/<br />

(ps) 1953 atmufwdkbmta&;tcif; jzpfay:yHk<br />

ppfBudKacwfwGif vnf;aumif;? ppfNyD;acwfwGif vnf;aumif; &efukefwuúodkvfonf tpOftvmtm;jzifh<br />

ZGefvwGif ausmif;pzGifhonf/ yxrESpf0ufNyD;aomtcg atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfay;onf/ 'kwd,ESpf0uftwGuf<br />

Edk0ifbmwGif jyefzGifhum? 'DZifbmwGif c&pörwftwGuf (10) &uf ydwfay;onf/ rwfvwGif twef;wifpmar;yGJrsm;udk<br />

usif;yay;onf/ ppfNyD;acwfwGif ZGefvü aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJrsm;udk usif;yay;onf/ þzGifh&uf? ydwf&uf? pmar;yGJ<br />

usif;y&ufonf tpOftvmjzpfonf/ wuúodkvfrS q&m? q&mrrsm;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf<br />

tqifajyaeaom vdktyfaomydwf&ufrsm; jzpfonf/<br />

1953 apmapmydkif;wGif wuúodkvftmPmykdifrsm;u ,ckESpfwGif atmufwdkbmvü (15) &ufom ausmif;ydwf<br />

rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/ xkdodkY aMunmpOfu ausmif;ydwf&ufESifh a0;ao;ojzifh ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vdkvm;Muaomf<br />

vnf; ausmif;om;xku rnfodkYrS rzGifh[cJhao;ay/ tmPmydkifrsm;u pmoifcsdef ykd&ap&ef[laom taMumif;jycJhonf/<br />

wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk &efukefwuúodkvfü Mo*kwfv (28) &ufwGif vnf;aumif;? ref;wuúodkvfü pufwif<br />

bmv (7) &ufwGif vnf;aumif; usif;ycJhonf/ 'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;rsm;onf rJqG,fyGJwGif atmufwdkbm ausmif;wv<br />

ydwfa&; aqmif½Gufay;rnf[k ajymcJhonf/ odkYaomf 'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;rsm;u a½G;aumufyGJwGif tEdkifr&cJholwdkYtm;<br />

ausmif;om;xku wGef;uefz,f½Sm; aeacsNyD/ vufrcHMuawmhay/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

odkh<br />

ygarmu©csKyf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

udpö/ / atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfay;&ef awmif;qdkjcif;/<br />

aeYpGJ- 22? 9? 53<br />

ygarmu©csKyfcifAsm;-<br />

21? 9? 53 &ufaeY? nae (4) em&DcGJtcsdefwGif wuo tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;ü &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd<br />

o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? c½dkiftoif;rsm;? bmom&yfqdkif&m toif;rsm;? vlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;<br />

ausmif;om;toif;aygif;pHkwdkY\ tpnf;ta0;udk usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

¤if;tpnf;ta0;yGJwGif obmywdtjzpf a½TbdkaqmifrS udkwifa½T (o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

'k-Ouú|) u aqmif½GufNyD; twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf yJcl;aqmifrS (o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkwifxGef;u aqmif½Gufygonf/<br />

¤if;tpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;odkY wufa&mufvmMuaom atmufazmfjyyg toif;tzGJUudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u tm;vHk;<br />

wnDwñGwf oabmwlnDpGm atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfay;&ef (atmufwdkbmv w&ufrSpí) av;av;euf<br />

euf awmif;qdkvdkufygaMumif;/<br />

o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;<br />

o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;<br />

(1) tif;0 (5) a½Tbdk (9) wDwDpD<br />

(2) yif;, (6) oxHk (10) aq;odyÜH<br />

(3) ppfudkif; (7) '*kH (11) oD&d<br />

(4) yJcl; (8) waumif; (12) tif;vsm;<br />

c½dkiftoif;<br />

(1) rauG; (6) [oFmw (11) jynf<br />

(2) rif;bl; (7) rdw¬Dvm (12) armfvNrdKiftoif;<br />

(3) o&uf (8) a½Tbdk (13) csif;wGif;toif;<br />

(4) ykodrf (9) ajrmif;jr (14) xm;0,ftoif;<br />

(5) yJcl; (10) &rnf;oif;<br />

ausmif;om;a[mif;<br />

(1) NrdKUr (2) pdef*Ref; (3) pdefar&D<br />

vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;<br />

(1) &cdkifausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif; (4) ucsifjynfe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(2) awmifay:csif;<strong>or*¾</strong> (5) xm;0,fausmif;om;rsm;toif;<br />

(3) ½Srf;jynfausmif;ol^om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

bmom&yfqdkif&mtoif;<br />

(1) &mZ0iftoif; (4) ½lyaA' (7) jyifopfbmom<br />

(2) abm*aA' (5) owåaA' (8) bDtufpD (opfawm)<br />

(3) ocsFm (6) rEkóaA' (9) ynmodyÜHausmif;om;rsm;<br />

383

384<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

EdkifiHjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;toif;<br />

(1) tdE´d,ausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif; (2) w½kwfausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;<br />

toif;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;<br />

(1) ausmif;om;opftcGifhta&;awmif;qdkrIaumfrwD<br />

(2) wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;atmif&rnf<br />

odkh<br />

ygarmu©csKyf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

rS<br />

Ouú| (52-53)<br />

a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd<br />

wuo (&efukefwuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>)<br />

(wifxGef;)<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

toif;aygif;pHktzGJYpnf;a0;yGJ<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

aeYpGJ- 22? 9? 53<br />

taMumif;t&m / / atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;udpö jyefvnfpOf;pm;ay;&ef/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY\ awmif;qdkxm;csufudk 23? 9? 53 aeY? n ygarmu©rsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;<br />

pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf vdkufavsmyg&ef xyfrHí awmif;yefEdI;aqmfjcif; tpD&ifcHtyfygonf/<br />

1/ uRefawmf\ ausmif;wvydwfa&;awmif;qdkcsufudk 23? 9? 53 aeY ygarmu©rsm;tpnf;ta0;wGif wifjy<br />

aqG;aEG;rnf[k od½Sd&ygonf/<br />

2/ odkYaomfvnf; ,aeY 22? 9? 53 aeYwGif? aeYvnf (12) em&Dtcsdefu wuocef;rwGif wdk;wufaom<br />

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; OD;pD;usif;yonfh tpnf;ta0;rS uRefawmf\ awmif;qdkcsufESifh tvm;wl<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufjzpfaom ausmif; (1) vydwfa&;udk qHk;jzwfawmif;qdkonf[k od½Sd&ygonf/<br />

3/ xdktpnf;ta0;onf wuopnf;rsOf;Oya' yk'fr (13)? tydk'f (2)? tydk'fi,f (1) t& vHk;0qefYusifvsuf<br />

wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; r[kwfbJ wdk;wufaomausmif;om;rsm; tpnf;ta0;omvQif jzpfaomfjim;<br />

vnf; wuotpnf;ta0; [efaqmifvsuf ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk qHk;jzwfawmif;qdkjcif;? pDwef;vSnfh<br />

vnfjcif;ponfh wuopnf;rsOf;ESifh tusKH;r0ifonfh vkyfief;rsm;udkvkyfonf[k vlBuD;rif;rsm;u ,lq<br />

vsuf uRefawmfh ausmif;wvydwfa&;udkyif aqG;aEG;pOf;pm;vdrfhrnf r[kwf[k pdk;&drfrdygonf/<br />

4/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkifvnf; ,aeYeHeuf (8) em&DwGif ¤if;wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; yg0if<br />

onfh tzGJUtpnf;aygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;w&yfac:qdkí ausmif;wvydwfa&;udpö rnfrQc&D;a&mufaeNyD;vQif?<br />

¤if;wdkYtm; w&m;r0ifaom ,aeYtpnf;ta0;udk rjyKvkyf&ef wm;jrpfcJhygonf/<br />

5/ odkYygí xkdwdk;wufaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; y&rf;ywmjyKrItwGuf rnfodkYrQ tmCmwrxm;bJ<br />

uRefawmf\ ausmif;wvydwfa&; awmif;qdkcsufudk aqG;aEG;pOf;pm; qHk;jzwfcsufcsvsuf vdkufavsmay;<br />

yg&ef txl;av;pm;pGm arwåm&yfcH awmif;yeftyfygaMumif;/<br />

udkudkBuD;<br />

Ouú|<br />

(52-53) wuo

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY aMunmcsuf<br />

ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkhuREkfyfwdkY<br />

'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUrS 3? 9? 53 aeY wuocef;rü usif;ycJhaom ausmif;om;xk<br />

tpnf;ta0;rS ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;ESifh ywfoufaom atmufygtcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

(1) ausmif;wvydwfa&;?<br />

(2) aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aqmufvkyfqJjzpfaom ausmif;aqmifwaqmiftjyif aemufxyfausmif;aqmif<br />

wckudk aq;odyÜHausmif;teD; jynfvrf;ESifh pdef*Ref;vrf;axmifh½Sd ajruGufvyfay:ü tjrefqHk;aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

(3) 25 rSwfay;pepfESifh 10-10-10-70 pepf (tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf) zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

(4) ausmif;q&mrsm;udk vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

(5) ausmif;aqmifc 60d^- rS 50d^- txd avQmhcsay;&ef/<br />

txufyg awmif;qkdcsufrsm;teuf atmufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;udk qdkif&mrS vdkufavsmavonf/<br />

(1) aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aqmufvkyfqJjzpfaom ausmif;aqmif waqmiftjyif aemufxyf ausmif;aqmif<br />

wckudk aq;odyÜHteD; jynfvrf;ESifh pdef*Ref;vrf;axmifh½Sd ajruGufvyfay:wGif tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;rnf/<br />

(2) tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 10-10-10-70 pepf zsufodrf;ay;rnf/<br />

(3) ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;ay;rnf/ ,ckvnf; cefYaeqJjzpfonf/<br />

(4) aemufxyf ausmif;aqmiftopf (6) aqmif wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;rnf/<br />

tjcm;usef½Sdaeaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf; &uftenf;i,ftwGif; taumiftxnfazmfEdkifa&;twGuf<br />

uREfkyfwdkYtzGJUrS BudK;pm; aqmif½GufqJjzpfaMumif;/<br />

atmif&rnf<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

þodkYjzifh ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; ausmif; (15) &ufom ydwfrnf[k wuúodkvf<br />

tmPmydkifrsm; (qdk½S,fvpf0efBuD;rsm;? BudK;udkifEdkifolrsm; yg0ifonf) u ZGwfwif;cHjcif;onf acgif;aqmifrsm;tm;<br />

qlylvIYHaqmfolrsm;tjzpf taMumif;jyzrf;qD;rnf? ausmif;xkwfypfrnf/ xkdtcg 'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;rsm;om usefcJh<br />

onf/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; ysufqD;oGm;atmif jyKvkyfaeonf/<br />

armfvNrKdifwuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwfí atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk<br />

awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ref;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS 12? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJw&yftm;<br />

cef;raqmifopfwGifusif;yum awmif;qdkcsuf (22) csufwGif ausmif;wvydwfa&;awmif;qdkcsuf yg0ifcJhonf/ 18?<br />

9? 53 &ufaeYwGif a½Tref;rdef;uav;aqmif? &wemyHkaqmifESifh jynfawmfom (3) aqmif yl;wGJtpnf;ta0;rS awmif;qdk<br />

cJhonf/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf ausmif;om;xk\ ]&ydkifcGifU} wckjzpfonf/<br />

23? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmifwGif qD;edwf (Senate) tpnf;ta0;<br />

usif;yonf/ ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmifu ausmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdkcsufjzpfaom ]atmufwdkbm ausmif;wv<br />

ydwfa&;} udk wifjyavonf/ odkYaomf a'gufwmomvSu ]qHk;jzwfNyD;vQif vHk;0rpOf;pm;Edkifyg} [kajymNyD; ukvm;xdkifrS<br />

ZGwfxavonf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&; raqG;aEG;bJ (15) &ufom xm;vdkufMuonf/ odkYaomf qD;edwf (Senate) rS<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufudk wuúodkvfaumifpDrS twnfjyKay;onf/<br />

26? 9? 53 &ufaeY? eHeuf (11) em&DwGif ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmifESifh wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywd OD;bdkBuD;<br />

wdkYu &efukefwuúodkvf? ref;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifwuúodkvfwdkYrS ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; awGUqHkaqG;<br />

aEG;yGJ usif;ycJhonf/ pmoifcsdef ydkrdk&&efjzpfí bmaMumifh vufrcHEdkifovJ[k ar;avonf/<br />

pmoifcsdefydk&&ef[laom tmPmydkifrsm;\ taMumif;jycsufudk rqef YusifbJ ausmif;om;xku wkef YjyefcJhonfrSm-<br />

(u) trSefwu,f pmoifMum;rIudk (15) &ufydk &vdkapjcif;jzpfygu ausmif;udk tenf;i,fapmzGifhjcif;? ausmif;udk<br />

385

386<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tenf;i,f aemufusydwfjcif;? aeYpOfpmoifcsdefrsm;wGif jznfh,ljcif;jzifh&Edkifí txufygtwdkif; aqmif½Guf<br />

&ef/<br />

(c) atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfcJUjcif;onf-<br />

(1) ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh yxrESpf0ufwGifoifcJhaom oifcef;pmrsm;udk ausnufatmif jyKvkyfEdkif&ef<br />

jzpfjcif;?<br />

(2) q&m? q&mrrsm;taeESifhvnf; 'kwd,ESpf0ufwGif oifMum;&rnfh oifcef;pmrsm;udk pepfwus jyifqif<br />

csdef&apjcif;?<br />

(3) atmufwdkbm oDwif;uRwfyGJawmf½Sdí ausmif;om;trsm;pkonf rdrdwdkY&yf½Gm½Sd rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;xH jyefa&;<br />

twGuf vHkavmufaom tcsdef&apjcif;/<br />

(8) þvdktyfaom tajccHrsm;t& tpOftvmydwfay;aom atmufwdkbm (1) v ausmif;ydwfay;&ef/<br />

jyefvnfwifjycJhonf/ pmoifcsdefydk&apjcif;udk rqefYusifcJh/ ausmif;om;xkESifh q&m? q&mrrsm;uvnf;<br />

vdkvm;cJhMuonf/<br />

xdktcg ygarmu©u wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY ausmif;wvydwfa&; xyfrHwifjyay;rnf[k uwday;vdkufonf/<br />

25? 9? 53 &ufaeY? aeYvnf (12) em&DcGJwGif ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJ jyKvkyfonf/ obmywdtjzpf<br />

o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkomausmf? tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf udkwifxGef;u aqmif½Gufonf/ ausmif;<br />

wvydwfa&;udk awmif;qdkqHk;jzwfMuonf/ nae (4) em&DcGJwGif wuúodkvftoif;tzGJUaygif; (70) ausmfwdkY pnf;a0;<br />

um (21) OD; aumfrwDwck zGJUpnf;Muonf/<br />

xkdtcsdef 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidrf;u ]ynma&;ESifU tpdk;&oabmxm;} udk vma&muf a[mMum;rnf[k wuúodkvf<br />

e,fajrwGif ysHUESHYoGm;onf/ ,k'oefcef;rwGif ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; jynfhESufoGm;onf/ rMumrD OD;ausmfNidrf;onf<br />

udk,f&Hawmfrsm;jzifh qdkufa&mufvmonf/ olonf tenf;i,f okwfoD;okwfjymEdkifaeonf/ rsufrSefxlxlBuD;rSm rD;a&mifwGif<br />

vif;vufoGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; awGU&aomtcg ol\aESmif;b0udk owd&vmonf/ olonf wcgu ausmif;<br />

om;acgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfonf/<br />

0efBuD; ra[majymrD a'gufwmxifatmifu<br />

]ausmif;om;rsm; NidrfNidrf0yf0yfem;axmifMuyg? q&mUudk 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidrf; ajymcdkif;vdkhajym&ygw,f} [k<br />

ajymonf/<br />

0efBuD;u<br />

]]ppfNyD;acwfwGif bGJY&olrsm;onf *syefpuúLrsm;om jzpfaMumif;? *syefpuúLrS t*FvdyfpuúLrsm; jzpfvmatmif<br />

tpdk;&u BudK;pm;aeaMumif;? xkdhaMumifU ausmif;ydwf&uf (15) &ufomydwf&jcif;jzpfaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; ydkrdkynm<br />

oif,lEdkif&ef pDpOfjcif;jzpfaMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; vdkufemapvdkaMumif;}} ajymoGm;onf/<br />

0efBuD;u r½Sif;vif;onfhtcsufrsm;udk ar;jref;&ef tcGifhay;aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;u<br />

]]'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;awGom a½G;aumufyGJrSm tEkdif&vQif ausmif;wvydwfay;ygvdkY awmif;qdkvQif vdkuf<br />

avsmr,f r[kwfvm;}}<br />

]]ausmif;om;awG qlylatmifvkyfwm r[kwfvm;}}<br />

]]ausmif;om;awG zrf;csifvdkY r[kwfvm;}}<br />

xkdtcg 0efBuD;onf ar;cGef;rsm;udk rajz½Sif;½kHomru ausmif;om;rsm;tm; atmf[pfBudrf;armif;vmonf/<br />

xkdtcg ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; (2000) ausmfonf ausmif;wvydwfay;&ef qE´jya

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

]ynma&;pepfnHUzsif;aeao;ojzifU ynmydkrdkoif,lEdkif&ef ausmif; (15) &ufomydwf&jcif;jzpfaMumif;? apw<br />

emESifUom jyKvkyfaMumif;} wdkif;jynfodkY aMunmonf/ aMumifvQmwrmwHk;BuD;tm; oum&nfcsKdjzifh avmif;cJhonf/<br />

tqdyfwHk;BuD;tm; touf½Snfaq;tjzpf ajymMum;cJhonf/ t&ufykvif;ay:wGif tpmaMuaq;[k wHqdyfa&;uyfxm;<br />

NyD; t&uform;tjzpfrS ykef;uG,fvdkjcif;om jzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkEk 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfvmaomtcgwGif ynma&;pepf<br />

ajymif;vJvmrnf[k arQmfvifhcJhMuonf/ wcsdefwacwfu bDatbGJUudk jyeftyfcJhaom udkEkonf q|ro*Fg,emwif<br />

rif;BuD;tjzpf arQmfrSef;vsuf pdwfykwD;wzuf? yk'fr (5) wzuf0g'udk vufudkif jyKum wuúodkvft"dywd (csefp,fvm)<br />

&mxl;BuD;udk,lí vwfvwfqwfqwf jy|mef;twnf jyKawmhrnfh wuúodkvfpmar;yGJpepfopfonf ausmif;om;rsm;udk aiG<br />

ukefvlyef;jzpfaprnfh wuúodkvfpmar;yGJpepfESifh zdESdyfcsKd;ESdrfcH&aom [dkufpul;zdkife,f ausmif;xGuf vufrSwf&pmar;yGJpepf<br />

wdkYjzifh zmax;jyKjyifxm;aom ynma&;pepfa[mif;BuD;yif jzpfonf/<br />

]udkvdkeDynma&;pepf zsufodrf;ypf}<br />

]'Drdkua&pD ynma&;csufjcif;ay;} a

388<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

vnf (12) em&DcGJ &efukefwuúodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;r0,f wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ þtpnf;<br />

ta0;ESifh wcsdefwnf;rSmyif wuotaqmuftODü ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yí bGJUESif;obif taqmuftOD<br />

tm; 0dkif;0ef;qE´jy&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

bGJUESif;obifcef;rü ausmif;om; (3000) ausmf pdwfqEónf ESvHk;om;rsm;twGif;rS

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

onf ,ckvuf½Sd tpdk;&tm; tEÅ&m,fay;vdrfhrnf[k ,lqonf/ trSefrSm wuúodkvfonf &mZ0ift& vlxkBuD;zufrS<br />

tjrJ ½Sdaeayonf/ vlxkBuD;tm; qefYusifolwdkYudk wdkufcdkufcJhayonf/<br />

xkdta&;udk jrifojzifh qdk½S,fvpfwdkYonf wuúodkvfudktkyfpdk;&ef oJoJrJrJ BudK;pm;Muonf/ 1948 ckwGif<br />

wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdtjzpf qdk½S,fvpfwdkYonf OD;umpDudk wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif a½G;cs,fcJh\/ aemufydkif;wGif OD;at;armif<br />

udk a½G;cs,f&m ¤if;onf tpdk;&tpDtrHudk vufrcHaomtcg ,ckvuf½Sd 'k-t"dywdudk 1951 ckESpfwGif OD;at;armifESifh<br />

tNydKifa½G;apum tEdkif,lcJhayonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGif rEÅav;wuúodkvfudk zGifhvSpfcJh&m ausmif;tkyftjzpf q&mOD;atmif<br />

oef; (odkY) q&mOD;umpDudk wuúodkvfaumifpDrS a½G;cs,fcJh\/ odkYaomf qdk½S,fvpftpdk;&onf OD;udkav;udk ausmif;tkyf<br />

tjzpf cefYxm;cJhonf/ wzef 1951 ckESpfwGif jrefrmpmXmeü vljyefawmfwOD;udk Adkvfcifarmifuav;twGuf cefYxm;cJh&<br />

ayonf/ wpwp þodkY wuúodkvfynmoifMum;a&;ü 0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&ef tcsuftcsmae&mrsm;udk vlpm;xkd;&ef<br />

MuHpnfaeayonf/ aemufqHk; ygarmu©csKyf ae&mü vlpm;xdk;jcif;? ygarmu©csKyftmPmudk uefYowf&ef MuHqMuonf/<br />

wzef wuúodkvf toHk;p&dwfrsm;twGufvnf; wuúodkvfynma&;onf vTrf;rdk;cs,fvS,f cHae&ayonf/<br />

wuúodkvftoHk;p&dwfudk tpdk;&u vTwfawmfü awmif;ay;&\/ þodkY axmufyHhrItwGuf wuúodkvfvGwfvyfrIudk xdcdkuf<br />

ayonf/ t*FvefEdkifiHwGif wuúodkvfrsm;tm; aiGaMu;axmufyHhrItzGJUudk zGJUxm;onf/ xkdtzGJUrS tpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;<br />

aom aiGtm;vkH;udk wuúodkvfrsm;odkY cGJa0ay;onf/ xdkYaemufwGifum; xdktzGJUonf vnf;aumif;? tpdk;&tzGJUonf<br />

vnf;aumif;? 0ifa&mufpGufzufrI uif;vGwfayawmhonf/<br />

xkd&uf rwdkifrDu 29? 9? 53 &ufwGif qE´jy oydwfarSmufMuonf/<br />

ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf nDnDñGwfñGwfqE´jyMu<br />

&Jabmfausmif;om;taygif;wdkhatmufwdkbm<br />

ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;ESifh ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?<br />

ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;uyg awmif;qdkcJhMuayonf/ odkYaomf w&m;rQwonfh awmif;qdkcsufudk wuúodkvftkyfcsKyf a&;<br />

tzGJUonf vHk;0rvdkufavQmbJ wif;rmí aecJhayonf/ þodkY wif;rmaeonfhtwGuf 26? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif wuo<br />

taqmuftODü tzGJUaygif;pHk BuD;rSL;usif;yum ausmif;om;xktpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rS ausmif;om;^ol wdkif;qEúdk xkwfazmf<br />

&eftwGuf 29? 9? 53 &uf? t*FgaeYü ausmif;ol^om;wdkif; ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf ausmif;vHk;0rwufbJ qE´jy&ef<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhonf/<br />

ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ ta&;jzpfonf/ xkdausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; ta&;udk<br />

ausmif;om;^olwdkif; nDñGwfpGm vufwGJwdkufcdkuf,lrS atmifjrifrnfjzpf&m ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vdkvm;aom<br />

ausmif;om;^olwdkif; 29? 9? 53 &ufaeYwGif vHk;0ausmif;rwufbJ qE´jyMu&ef arwåm&yfcHygaMumif;/<br />

ausmif;om;ta&; atmifjrif&rnf<br />

1/ ppfudkif;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

2/ yif;,aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

3/ tif;0aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

4/ yJcl;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

5/ oxHkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

6/ '*Hkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

7/ a½Tbdkaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

8/ waumif;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

9/ jynfaqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

10/ oD&daqmiff o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

11/ wD? wD? pDaqmiff o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

12/ tif;vsm;aqmiff o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

13/ aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;<br />

14/ [Hom0wDc½dkif ausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

15/ a½Tbdkc½dkifausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

389

390<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

16/ rtlyifc½dkifausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

17/ csif;wGif;c½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

18/ zsmyHkc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

19/ ykodrfc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

20/ rif;bl;c½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

21/ ajrmif;jrc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

22/ [oFmwc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

23/ yckuúLc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

24/ Nrdwfc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

25/ rEÅav;c½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

26/ arNrdKUc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

27/ yJcl;c½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

28/ o&ufc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

29/ rauG;c½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

30/ ysOf;rem;c½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

31/ tif;pdefc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

32/ rdw¬Dvmc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

33/ awmifilc½dkifrsm;toif;<br />

34/ awmifay:csif; ausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

35/ xm;0,fausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

36/ &cdkifausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

37/ u&ifausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

38/ w½kwfausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

39/ pdefaygausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

40/ b&m;om;ESifh uGefYAifhausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

41/ NrdKUrausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

42/ pdef*Ref;? pdefar&Dausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

43/ vStvGwfynmoifausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

44/ ul½Sifausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

45/ ausmufajrmif;ausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

46/ &mZ0iftoif;<br />

47/ jyifopfpmaytoif;<br />

48/ rEkóaA'toif;<br />

49/ blrdaA'toif;<br />

50/ abm*aA'toif;<br />

51/ 0gPdÖZaA'toif;<br />

52/ yx0Dtoif;<br />

53/ ½lyaA'toif;<br />

54/ ocsFmtoif;<br />

55/ ynmodyÜHausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

56/ opfawmodyÜHausmif;om;^olrsm;toif;<br />

57/ ausmif;om;opftcGifhta&;awmif;qdka&;aumfrwD<br />

58/ &efukefwuúodkvfwdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk<br />

59/ &efukefwuúodkvfoefY½Sif;aomausmif;om;xk<br />

60/ &efukefwuúodkvftrsKd;om;'Drdku&ufwpftiftm;pk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

þodkYjzifh toif;aygif; (60) ausmfonf ausmif;rsm;ydwfa&;twGuf 29? 9? 53 &ufwGif nDñGwfpGm oydwfarSmuf<br />

cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om; (7300) wdkYonf wnDwñGwfwnf; qE´jyí rw&m;rIudk wkefYjyef tajzay;vdkufonf/<br />

tvm;wl ref;wuúodkvfüvnf; rwuorS OD;pD;í 28? 9? 53 &ufaeY? (12) em&DrS jycJhonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;onf bwfpfum;BuD; (13) pD;jzifh vSnfhvnfMuonf/<br />

]0efBuD;ausmfNidrf; tvdkr½Sd}<br />

]0efBuD;&m½Spf tvdkr½Sd}<br />

]ausmif;om;xktwGif; qdk½S,fvpfawG 0ifr½IyfeJh}<br />

]ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; rNzdKcGJeJh}<br />

]ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; rcsKyfcs,feJh}<br />

]500 zrf;&if 5000 wufr,f}<br />

]50 zrf;&if 500 wufr,f}<br />

wcsdefu ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udk&m½SpfESifh udkausmfNidrf;udk ,aeYausmif;om;rsm;u qefYusifaeMuNyDjzpf<br />

onf/ um;wef;BuD;rsm;onf NrdKUxJrS ausmif;odkY jyefvSnfhvmonf/ um;OD;wGif ausmif;om;wdkY\ cGyfa'gif;tvHonf<br />

wvlvl vGifhysHaeonf/ cGyfa'gif;\ a½T0ga&mifonf pdwfudk wnfNidrfaponf/ MunfEl;aysmf½Tifí arQmfvifhtm;&ap<br />

onf/ teDxJrS cGyfa'gif;\[efrSm ppfzufNydKifaeonfhyrm ausmif;om;xkonf zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;Mum;rS vl;vGefY½kef;uef<br />

ae&onfrSm ausmif;om;xkESifh ausmif;om;tvHrSm wom;wnf; xyfaeayonf/ av\t[kef0,f ]wjzwfjzwf} cyfoHonf<br />

csDwufaeaom ausmif;om;xk\ ppfcsDoHyifjzpfonf/<br />

29? 9? 53 &uf? aeYvnf (2) em&DwGif aq;aumvdyfausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0; jyKvkyfavonf/ udkatmifxGef;u<br />

ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk wifjyonf/ obmywd udkvSbl;u rydwfoifhaMumif; wifjyonf/ udkatmifxGef;u tus,f<br />

½Sif;vif;í tqdkwifonf/ rJcGJ&m wvydwfa&;zufrS (126) rJ½Sdí uefYuGufzufrS (120)rJ½Sdí tqdkEdkifonf/ trIaqmif<br />

tzGJUu raqmif½Guf&Jí wdkuf&JolwdkYu qufvuf aqmif½Guf&ef qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

30? 9? 53 &uf? eHeuf (11) em&DwGif tif*sifeD,maumvdyf ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/<br />

atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeYrS (17) &ufaeY txd vufawGUoifwef;qif;&efudk zsufí vHk;0rqif;bJ ausmif;wv<br />

ydwf&efESifh atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeY? eHeuf (8) em&DwGif qE´jyvSnfhvnfMu&ef qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

30? 9? 53 &uf aeYvnf (12) em&DwGif &mZ0ifcef;raqmifopfwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/<br />

obmywdtjzpf udktkef;BudKifu aqmif½Gufí tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf udkomEdk;u aqmif½Gufonf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&;<br />

tqdkudk udkatmifjrifhu tus,fw0ifh wifoGif;NyD; udkausmfOD;ESifh udkwifOD;u axmufcHonf/ þtcsdefwGif 'Dtufpftdk<br />

udkoef;wif? udkarmifarmifBuD;ESifh udka|;atmifazwdkYu uefYuGufMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; rdrdwdkY &ydkifcGifhjzpfonfh<br />

(1) vydwfa&;tm; wcJeuf axmufcHaqG;aEG;MupOf 'Dtufpftdk (2) OD;? (3) OD;u 0ifa&mufzsufqD;aomtcg ausmif;om;xk<br />

BuD;u qlnHpGmatmf[pfNyD; 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk tpnf;ta0;yGJrSxGufoGm;&ef awmif;qdkavonf/ 'Dtufpftdkrsm; t½Suf<br />

wuGJ xGufoGm;&onf/ ausmif;om;xkBuD; qufvufaqG;aEG;um atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&; aqmif½Gufa&;<br />

aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;Muonf/ atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeYrS pí ausmif;rwuf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/<br />

armfvNrdKifaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;xkuvnf; atmufwdkbmvwGif (1) vvHk; ausmif;rwufMu&ef wnDw<br />

ñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/ atmufwdkbm (1) &ufrS (15) &uftxd (350) pvHk; rnfolrQ ausmif;rwufMu<br />

awmhay/<br />

30? 9? 53 &uf? nae (4) em&DwGif 0efBuD;csKyf OD;EktdrfwGif OD;Eku zdwfac:í &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>trSL;jyKonfh &efukefwuúodkvf toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh OD;Eku wuúodkvft"dywdtaeESifh<br />

awGUqHkonf/ wufa&mufolrsm;rSm ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmifESifh tzGJUaygif;pHkudk,fpm;vS,f udkwifxGef;?<br />

udkatmifjrifh? wuoudk,fpm;vS,f udkudkBuD;? udkatmifbef;? wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;vS,f udkausmfNidrf;ESifh<br />

udkvS0if;? trsKd;om;'Drdku&ufrS udkvS? oefY½Sif;rS udkpdk;vGif? ausmif;wvydwfa&;aumfrwDrS udk&JxGef;? ½Srf;udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

cGefMumat;wdkY jzpfMuygonf/ þawGUqHkyGJwGif udkatmifbef;u ausmif;wvydwfa&;udpöudk ajymjyonf/ OD;Eku 'gawG<br />

ajymzdkY ausmif;om;awGudk zdwfjcif; r[kwfaMumif;? ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;vdkíom ,ckvdk awGUqHkjcif;<br />

jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ OD;Eku qufvufí ausmif;om;awGwGif *g&0w&m;enf;yg;aeí 0rf;enf;aMumif;? *g&0w&m;<br />

½Sd&rnfhtaMumif;udk tus,fw0ifh ajymjyonf/ wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk udk,fpm;vS,f udkausmfNidrf;u<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf q&mrdbwdkY tay:wGif xm;½Sdtyfaom *g&0w&m;udk av;pm;vdkufemoifhaMumif; tus,fw0ifh<br />

391

(tay:) pufwifbm (29) &ufaeh<br />

ausmif;rwufbJ qE´jyaeMupOf<br />

þodkhtpkta0;rsm;udk ae&mwdkif;wGif<br />

awGYcJh&onf<br />

392<br />

(tv,f) ausmif;wvydwfa&;<br />

qE´jy 'dk;ywfausmif;om;<br />

(atmuf 0J) qE´jyvmaom<br />

tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

(Ouú|) udkarmifarmifat;u<br />

rdefhcGef;ajymMum;aepOf<br />

(atmuf ,m) atmufwdkbmv<br />

(1) &ufaeh qE´jyvSnfUvnfvmaom<br />

tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ajymjyNyD;? OD;EkrdefYMum;csufudk axmufcHajymqdkonf/ udkausmfNidrf;u wzef ausmif;wvydwfa&; udpöudk xyfrHwifjy<br />

onf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&;udpöudk ausmif;om;rsm;\ qE´udk,lNyD; jyKvkyf&ef? pnf;urf;wckvkyfvQif ausmif;om;?<br />

ausmif;q&m? tmPmydkif oHk;OD; wdkifyifn§dEIdif;jyKvkyf&ef? (New System) vkyfpOfuvnf; ausmif;om;qE´,l vkyfcJhí<br />

atmifjrifcJhyHkudk Oyrmxm;í ajymjyonf/ wOD;\ em;vnfoabmaygufrIudk r,lbJ wOD;u vkyfcJhvQif atmifjrifrnf<br />

r[kwfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ þwGif OD;Eku tvkyform;rsm; tvkyfcsdefydkvkyf&vQif oydwfarSmufonfudk oabmayguf<br />

aMumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; pmoifcsdef ydk&atmifvkyfonfudk vufrcHjcif;udk em;rvnfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ udkausmfNidrf;<br />

u ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vufrcHjcif;rSm pmroifvdkí r[kwfaMumif;? a½S;acwfuESifh rwlawmhbJ<br />

ppfNyD;acwfwGif ausmif;om;rsm; acwfynmudk ydkrdkvdkufpm; oif,lvmMuaMumif;? ,cktcsdefwGif pmoifcsifaomausmif;<br />

om;OD;a& rsm;jym;vGef;í tpdk;&ausmif;wGif q&mrsm; rvHkavmufum taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;ypönf;rsm; rvHkr<br />

avmuf jzpfaejcif;? vctrsm;BuD;ay;NyD; tjyiftvGwfynmoifausmif;wGif oif,lae&jcif;? tjyiftvGwfynmoif<br />

ausmif;rsm; waeYwjcm; rsm;jym;vmaejcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk ajymjyonf/ ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk vdkvm;onfrSm<br />

ynmydkoifvdkíom jzpfaMumif;? wpfvydwfa&;rSm vdkvnf;vdktyfaMumif;? wuúodkvfynma&;rSm txufwef;ausmif;<br />

awGESifh rwlawmhbJ q&mrsm; ñTefjy½Hkavmufom½Sdí ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fwdkif avhvm&onfu rsm;aMumif;? yxrESpf<br />

0ufwGif vdkufrDem;vnfEdkifaMumif;? þodkY wvvHk;avhvmygrS ausmif;jyefzGifhzGifhjcif; jyKvkyfrnfh pmar;yGJudk ajzqdkEdkif<br />

aMumif;? wvydwfrSom ausmif;om;a&m q&myg tdrfjyefcsdef &EdkifaMumif;? xkdYaMumifh wvydwfa&;rSm vdktyfaMumif;<br />

ajymjyonf/ tjcm;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;uvnf; axmufcHajymqdkMuonf/ udkausmfNidrf;u ynma&;pepftm; ydkrdkaumif;<br />

rGefatmif vkyf&mwGif (15) &ufrQ pmydkoifay;½HkESifh jzpfEdkifrnf rxifaMumif;? q&mrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;<br />

rvHkravmuf? ynma&;toHk;p&dwf enf;jcif;wdkYom t"dujyóemjzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/<br />

þwGif OD;Eku [dkwkef;u ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;&onfrSm ArmawG pmrwwfatmifvdkY t*FvdyfawGu vkyfcJh<br />

vdkYom jzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ udkausmfNidrf;u rdrdMum;zl;onfrSm t*Fvefwuúodkvfrsm;wGif q&mrsm; oifMum;rI<br />

ñTefMum;rItjyif ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fwdkif avhvma&;twGuf ausmif;ydwf&ufudk rsm;EdkiforQ rsm;rsm;xm;aMumif;<br />

ygarmu©csKyfwdkY todyifjzpfaMumif; jyefvnfajymjyonf/<br />

OD;Eku wvydwfa&;udk ray;EdkifaMumif;? pmoifBudrfaygif; (180) jynfhatmif jznfhvdkjcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/<br />

udkausmfNidrf;u OD;Ek vdkcsifaom tBudrf (180) udk vdkufemygrnf/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uf? 'DZifbmausmif;ydwf&ufESifh<br />

tjcm;ausmif;ydwf&ufawGudk avQmhNyD; tBudrf (180) jynfhatmifvkyfyg/ ausmif;om;awG vdkvm;onfh atmufwdkbm<br />

(1) v ydwfa&;udkvnf; vdktyfí OD;Eku vdkufavsm&ef ajymjyonf/<br />

þodkYvkyfvQif ESpfOD;ESpfzuf qE´jynhf0rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjyonf/ ausmif;om;awG qE´r½SdbJ ZGwfvkyf<br />

ygu ]]t½l;rdkY a&rcsKd;bJaewmudk? a&csKd;&r,fvdkY ZGwf½dkufESufNyD; t½l;udk a&csKd;atmifvkyfwmESifh wlaernf jzpfaMumif;}}<br />

ajymjyonf/<br />

aemufqHk;wGif OD;Eku wvydwfa&;udk vHk;0rvdkufavsmEdkifaMumif;<br />

]]rif;wdkYvnf; vlxkudk wdkifNyD;vkyf? igwdkYvnf; igwdkYvlxkeJY wdkifNyD; vkyf&rSmyJ? rif;wdkY vkyfoavmuf igwdkU<br />

vkyf&rSmyJ? aemufqHk;awmh (2) OD; (2) buf emMurSmyJ? OoQpfoD;xkovdk ESpfOD;pvHk;emrSmyJ? rif;wdkYeJY igwdkYuawmh<br />

Battle yJ}} [k ajymjyonf/<br />

trSefw&m;twGuf wdkufcdkufaeaom tudkESifUarmifrsm;tm; o'¨gMunfjzLpGm auR;arG;aeonfU trESifUnDrav;rsm;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

393

394<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkausmfNidrf;u rdrdwdkY ausmif;om;awGrSm tpdk;&udk rzufNydKifEdkifMuyg? OD;Eku tckvdk ausmif;om;av;awGeJY<br />

ppfNydKifwdkufr,fqdkonfrSm c½kudkcg;awmif;usKdufNyD; oHwkwfeJY ½dkufzrf;ovdkom jzpfaernfjzpfaMumif;? ausmif;wv<br />

ydwfa&;udpöudk aemufqHk;tqHk;tjzwfay;EdkifwJh yk*¾dKvftjzpf EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyftaeESifha&m wuúodkvft"dywdtae<br />

ESifhyg tm;udk;NyD; vmaqG;aEG;wifjyjcif;om jzpfaMumif; ajymjyNyD;? awGUqHkyGJNyD;um ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

jyefvmcJhMuonf/ wuoOuú|a[mif; udkEkuvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdESdyf&efjyifqifvmNyD/ 30? 9? 53 &uf?<br />

aeYvnf (12) em&DwGif ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ rlvu (3) em&DcGJ usif;y&efjzpfaomfvnf; 0ef<br />

BuD;csKyfOD;Eku zdwfí OD;EkESifh oGm;awGUoifhroifh pOfpm;MuNyD; oGm;awGU&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;wvydwf<br />

a&;udk aqG;aEG;Muonf/ oefY½Sif;ausmif;om; udkwifxGef;u ausmif;wvydwfa&;tqdk wifoGif;onf/ udkvSpdk;vGif<br />

(trsKd;om;'Drdku&uf)? udkcGefMumat; (½Srf;)? udk,k? udkwifa½T? udkaZmf0if; (wdk;wuf)wdkYu axmufcHMuonf/ udk,k<br />

(wdk;wuf) u tpdk;&onf qlylausmif;om;rsm;udk (50) ru (500) txdzrf;rnfjzpfaMumif; Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaMumif;?<br />

'gudkaMumufzdkY rvdk? zrf;vQif ausmif;wvydwfa&; vdkvm;ol (7300) vHk; zrf;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? rzrf;EdkifaMumif;?<br />

tu,fí zrf;yguvnf; 'Dausmif;om;awGtwGuf axmifxJwGif axmifwGif;wuúodkvfwpfck zGifh&efom½SdaMumif;? ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;u ausmif;wvydwfvdkufNyDjzpfí tdrfjyefpmusufMu&ef? pmBudK;pm;Mu&efponfjzifh tus,fw0ifh wvydwf<br />

a&;udk axmufcHajymqdkMuonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;wvydwfa&;aqmif½Gufa&;aumfrwD wckudk zGJUpnf;Muonf/<br />

atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeY? (2) &ufaeYrsm;ü wm0eft&ausmif;wufol tenf;pkom pmoifcef;odkY oGm;Mu<br />

onf/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;rwuf&ef arwÅm&yfcHpnf;½Hk;cJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf rdrdqE´<br />

twGuf yg0ifvIyf½Sm;cJhonf/ 'dk;ywf? tdk;pnf0dkif;rsm;jzifh vIHUaqmfarwåm&yfcHcJhonf/ pmoifcef;rsm;ü wm0eft&<br />

ausmif;wufaom 'Dtufpftdk tenf;pkrSvGJí usD;ESifhzkwfzkwfjzpfcJhonf/ rlv 'DtufpftdkudkaxmufcHcJholrsm;yif ausmif;<br />

rwufMuyg/ trsm;qEúdk qefYusifNyD; wm0eft&ausmif;wufjcif;? trmcH 'Dtufpftdk wOD;ESpfOD;tm; ausmif;wufjcif;<br />

udk ajymrdaom ocsFmXmerS enf;jyq&m OD;uHñGefYonf ¤if;'Dtufpftdkrsm; vufcsufjzifh ausmif;xkwfcH&onf/<br />

wuúodkvfe,fajrwckvHk; tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;? aq;ausmif;om;rsm;tygt0if qE´jyvIyf½Sm;rIrsm;<br />

ESifh ausmif;om;rsm; wuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

awmhonf/ e,fjyefoGm;aom ausmif;om;wdkYtm; ausmif;odkY twif;jyefvdkufydkYonf/ ausmif;wvydwf&ef qHk;jzwfí<br />

tdrfjyefvmMuaom ausmif;om;wdkYtm; tmPmjzifhwm;qD;í &ifywfwGef;um ausmif;odkYvSnfhaponf/ ausmufqnf<br />

NrdKU½Sd ref;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;^ol (26) a,mufwdkYtm; ta&;ydkifu um;ESifhtwif;vdkufac:í ref;wuúokdvfodkY<br />

jyefydkYonf/ acsmhjr§Laomtm;jzifh 'efaygufxrif;auR;onf/ þodkYtm;jzifh twif;tMuyfudkifonftxd vkyfapumrl<br />

ref;wuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;^ol (979) a,muf½Sdonfhteuf atmufwdkbm tp&ufrsm;wGif (50) ausmfom½SdcJhonf/<br />

xkdtcsdef &efukefwuúodkvfü ausmif;wufol r½Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;onf/ arwåm&yfcH&rnfhol r½Sdoavmuf<br />

jzpfaeonf/ aysmfaysmfyg;yg;wD;ckefum ausmif;om;xkatmifyGJtwGuf pnf;um;vSonf/ ausmif;tkyfBuD;rsm;\ Ncdrf;<br />

ajcmufpmrsm;rSm toHk;r0ifawmhacs/<br />

rEåav;NrdKY wuúodkvfausmif;? ausmif;tkyfBuD;<br />

pmtrSwf- 87-tufpf,l 1 (2) at<br />

1953 ck? atmufwdkbmv (13) &uf<br />

odkh<br />

OD;wif<br />

wqifU- a':xGef;&D (ukefonf)<br />

jrpfi,fNrdKY<br />

taMumif;t&m / / atmufwdkbmv wuúodkvfoydwfudpöwGif ausmif;om;^olrsm;\ ausmif;wufysufcGifh<br />

avQmufvTmrsm;wifjcif;udpö/<br />

taMumif;Mum;tyfygonf/<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;rS ausmif;om;^ol wOD;jzpfaom cHktrSwf 349? Oypmtwef;tydkif; (*) trnf<br />

armifwifjrifh\ cGifhavQmufvTmudk txufazmfjyygudpöESifh ywfoufí taMumif;rvHkavmufjcif;aMumifh vufrcH<br />

Edkifyg/ oydwfarSmuf ausmif;om;^ol wOD; r[kwfaMumif;? oydwfarSmufausmif;om;wdkY\ aESmifh,SufrIudk aMumufí<br />

ausmif;rwufEdkifaMumif;? avQmufvTmwGif twdtvif;azmfjyí cGifhawmif;qdkcJhrSomvQif cGifhavQmufvTmudk pOf;pm;<br />

vdrfhrnf jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

OD;udkav;<br />

(ausmif;tkyfBuD;)<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;? rEåav;NrdKY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf 'kwd,t"dywd\ owday;arwÅm&yfcHcsuf<br />

1/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;udk 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (17) &ufaeY naetxdzGifhxm;rnf/ ausmif;<br />

om;^olrsm; ausmif;wufMu&ef EdI;aqmfygonf/<br />

2/ ausmif;wufolrsm;udk &JtzGJU\tultnDjzifh tapmifhta½Smufay;rnf/<br />

3/ ausmif;wuf&ef rjzpfEdkifaom ausmif;om;^olwdkYonf rdrdwdkYonf oydwfarSmufaom ausmif;om;^olrsm;<br />

r[kwfaMumif; azmfjyonfh cGifhwdkifpmrsm;udk ygarmu©csKyfxH ay;ydkYMu&ef EdI;aqmfygonf/<br />

4/ þuJhodkY cGifhwdkifpmrydkYbJ ausmif;wuf&ef ysufuGufolrsm;udk ta&;,l&vdrfhrnf/<br />

5/ ausmif;wufolrsm;tm; taESmifht,Sufay;jcif;? oydwfwm;jcif; rjyKvkyfMu&ef av;eufpGmarwåm&yfcH<br />

ygonf/<br />

6/ ausmif;wufolrsm;tm; taESmifht,Sufay;olrsm;? oydwfwm;olrsm;udk &JtzGJUuta&;,l&ef tpdk;&udk<br />

tultnDawmif;xm;NyD; jzpfonf/<br />

7/ ausmif;ol^om;rsm;\ rdbrsm;ESifhtkyfxdef;olrsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkYom;orD;rsm;udk qHk;roGefoifNyD; xdef;odrf;<br />

apmifha½SmufMuyg&ef av;eufpGmarwåm&yfcHygonf/<br />

(yHk)<br />

bdkBuD;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf 'k-t"dywd<br />

395

396<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

txufygaMunmcsufESifh jyefpmudk MunfhvQif ]oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm; aESmifU,SufrIudk aMumuf½GHY í<br />

ausmif;rwufEdkifyg} [k avQmuf&rnf[k ñTefMum;xm;&m þvkyfMuHcsufjzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm;zrf;&ef zqyv<br />

qdk½S,fvpfwdkYu tuGufqifjcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

(#) ausmif;xJokdY0ifpD;jcif;ESihf t&Sdefjr§ifhwufjcif;? vlzrf;yGJrsm;usif;yjcif;<br />

atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeY? eHeuf (5) em&DwGif &efukefwuúodkvf *dwf0wGif ykvdyfrsm;a&mufvmonf/<br />

taqmifom;rsm;udk vIHUaqmfpnf;½Hk;um ausmif;om;xktiftm;jzifh ykvdyfrsm; taqmiftwGif;odkY t0ifrcHbJ wGef;xkwf<br />

cJhavonf/ wdk;wufacgif;aqmifydkif;udk zrf;&ef rdk;rvif;rD 0ifpD;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ rnfonfhtaqmif? rnfonfhtcef;?<br />

rnfolwdkYaeonfudk opömazmuf owif;ay;ausmif;om;rsm;aMumifh odxm;[efwlonfh ppfudkif;aqmifrS jrefrmpmenf;jy<br />

udktHharmifESifh wcsKdU? waumif;ausmif;aqmifrS aq;odyÜH (c) ydkif; udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif? jynfausmif;aqmifrS opfawm<br />

udktHk;? a½Tbdkausmif;aqmifrS 'kwd,ESpfOypmwef; udkausmfNidrf;wdkYygoGm;onf/ 'kwd,ESpf Oypmoifwef;om; udkoef;<br />

(Auo Ouú|a[mif;) vnf; a½Twd*Hkbk&m; tv,fypö,HrSm tzrf;tqD;cH&onf/<br />

þodkY ykvdyfrsm;u 0ifpD;aomaMumifh xkdaeYreufrdk;vif;pwGif jyifyaqmifrsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf½Sm;vm<br />

Muonf/ qE´jya

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(#-1) atmufwdkbm (2) &ufaeh &efukefwuúodkvfe,fajrü xkwfjyefcJhaom yk'fr (144) rSm<br />

&efukefc½dkif &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;½Hk;awmf<br />

1953 ckESpf &mZ0wftao;rI trSwf (123)? wm;qD;uefYuGufrI? 0dkif;nDaomif;usef;í ½kef;&if;qefcwf<br />

jyKvkyfrI ponfrsm;udk wm;jrpf&ef-<br />

&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;trdefh &mZ0wfusifUxHk;yk'fr (144)<br />

jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH\ NrdKUawmfjzpfaom &efukefNrdKU½Sd &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf<br />

1315 ckESpf? awmfovif; vqkwf (9) &ufaeY? 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm (2) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvfausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cef;raqmifwGif jyKvkyfaom tpnf;ta0;rS qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;-<br />

(1) oDwif;uRwfv ausmif; (1) vydwfa&; udpöudk qufvufaqmif½Guf&efESifh<br />

(2) ¤if;ausmif; (1) vydwfa&;udpöESifhywfoufí zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (4)<br />

OD;wdkYtm; tjrefqHk; vTwfay;&ef/<br />

oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifwdkYu rvdkufavsmcJhvQif qufvufízrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; vTwfay;onf<br />

txd ta&;,l&ef cdkifvHkaom owif;&½Sdxm;ojzifh xdkqHk;jzwfcsufESifh ywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvfw0dkufwGif<br />

t"du½kPf;BuD; jzpfyGm;zG,f&m½Sdonf[k ,lqaomaMumifh ¤if;t"du½kPf; ab;tEÅ&m,fudk z,f½Sm;wm;qD;Edkifap<br />

jcif;iSmuREkfyfpD&ifydkifcGifh½Sdonfh<br />

&efukefc½dkife,ferdwftwGif; 1315 ck? awmfovif;vqkwf (9) &uf? 1953<br />

atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufrS pí 1315 ck? oDwif;uRwfvqkwf (8) &uf? 1953 atmufwdkbmv (31) &ufaeY<br />

noef;acgifcsdefwGif atmufwGifazmfjy owfrSwfxm;aom ae&mw0dkufwGif-<br />

(u) pka0;jcif;<br />

(c) tpkta0;wGif yg0ifjcif;<br />

(8) a[majymjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? vIHYaqmfjcif;<br />

(C) pm½Gufpmwef;rsm; ½dkufESdyfjcif;? a0iSjcif; (odkY) tjcm;enf;wenf;jzifh aMumfjimjcif;<br />

(i) vlpkvla0;ESifh pDwef;vSnfhvnfoGm;jcif; ponfhudpöudk atmufazmfjyyg e,ferdwftwGif; rnfonfhyk*¾dKvf<br />

rsm;rqdk rvkyfraqmif½Guf&[k uREkfyf &efukefc½dkif &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD; OD;tkef;azonf &mZ0wfusifhxHk; Oya'yk'fr<br />

(144) wGif uREkfyftm;tyfESif;xm;aom tmPmrsm;udkoHk;pGJvsuf þtrdefYudk xkwfjyefwm;jrpfvdkufonf/<br />

1315 ck? awmfovif;vqkwf (9) &uf? 1953 ck? atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif uREkfyfvufrSwfa&;xkd;<br />

í þ½Hk;awmfwHqdyf cyfESdyfvdkufonf/<br />

ae&ma'oESifU e,ferdwf<br />

1/ ta½SUbuf - tif;vsm;vrf;<br />

2/ ajrmufbufvm;aomf - tif;vsm;vrf;<br />

3/ taemufbufvm;aomf - jynfvrf;rBuD;<br />

4/ awmifbufvm;aomf - wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf; wdkYjzifh e,ferdwfowfrSwfxm;aom wuúodkvfe,fajr w0dkuf<br />

(tkef;az)<br />

c½kdif&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;<br />

&efukefNrdKY<br />

rdwÅLtrdefhpmrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; ay;ydkhygonf/<br />

1/ twGif;0efcsKyf? jynfxJa&;Xme 6/ &efukefc½dkif? zqyv<br />

2/ ppf½Hk; 7/ ñTefMum;a&;0ef? jyefMum;a&;Xme<br />

3/ yJcl;wdkif;rif;BuD;? &efukefNrdKU 8/ t"dywd? wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

4/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmf? &Jrif;BuD; 9/ 'k-t"dywd? wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

5/ &efukefNrdKU? &Jrif;BuD; 10/ ygarmu©csKyf? wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

397

398<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

trdefYpmESifh ywfoufí tm;vHk;aom owif;pmrsm;wGif owif;tjzpf xnfhoGif;ay;yg&efESifh toHvTifhXme<br />

uvnf; tvsiftjref toHvTifhyg&ef arwåm&yfcHygonf/<br />

þyk'fr (144) jzifh vlwdkif;\ t

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(tay:) tqufrjywf usaeaom<br />

rsuf&nf,dkAHk;rsm;Mum;0,f ausmif;om;tcsKdY<br />

tajy;tvTm; xGufajy;aepOf<br />

(tv,f) yHkudkMunfUygta0;uyifjrifEdkifygonf<br />

aoewfESifU<br />

rypfyg[k jiif;qdkEdkifrnfavm<br />

(atmuf 0J) 0g;&if;wkwfjzifU<br />

vSdrfU½dkufcH&½Hkru vufvSdrfcsKd;í<br />

tzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;om;av;wOD;<br />

(atmuf ,m) jyif;xefvSaom<br />

rsuf&nf,dkAHk;aiGYaMumifU<br />

owdvpfaeaom ausmif;om;<br />

399

400<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; wa,mufNyD;wa,muf vJusaeavonf/ nnf;wGm;oHwdkUonf ysHUvGifhvmavonf/ rsuf&nfpufrsm;<br />

rSm ajrodkY waygufayguf usvmavonf/ 'Pf&mrsm;rS aoG;eDrsm; yGifhtHxGufvmavonf/<br />

ausmif;oltrsKd;orD;rsm;onf 'Pf&m&olrsm;tm; aumuf,ljyKpkMuonf/ yxrESpfOypm odyÜHwef;rS &cdkif<br />

ausmif;om; udkpHjrrSm nmbufvufwGif aoewfxdrSefcH&onf/ 'kwd,ESpfOypm odyÜHwef;rS udkcifarmifaxG;rSm nm<br />

bufrsufckH;wGif rsuf&nf,dkAHk; tpxdrSefavonf/ tjcm;ausmif;om; wOD;rSm aygifwGif 'Pf&m&avonf/ a½Tbkd<br />

aqmifrS udkaZmf0if;? yif;,aqmifrS udkombef;? ppfudkif;aqmifrS udkvSOD;? udkodef;ñGefY? udkcifarmifESifh udkpdefwdk;wdkYrSm<br />

'Pf&m&cJhMuonf/ udkaZmf0if;? udkombef;ESifh udkpdefwdk;wdkYtm; &efukefaq;½HkBuD; tcef;eHygwf (1) ESifh (2) wGif<br />

twGif;vlemtjzpf uko&onf/ yif;,aqmif tcef;eHygwf (88) wGifaeonfh udkcifarmifvwfrSm &Jt&m½SdwOD;\<br />

om;jzpfaomfvnf; ykvdyfwdkU\ &ufpufrI? tMurf;zufrIrsm;tm; rcH&yfEdkifawmhí rD;owfa&ydkuftm; 0ifa&muf<br />

jzwfawmufí ykvdyfwdkY\ ½dkufESufzrf;qD;jcif; cHcJh&onf/<br />

nae (4) em&DcGJwGif w&m;olBuD; OD;vSausmfESifh OD;a½TbwdkYtm; &Jt&m½Sdrsm;ESifhtwl awGUjrif&onf/ &J<br />

t&m½Sdrsm;ESifh ygvmaom ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmif? ygarmu© OD;bdk;om? armfuGef;xdef;t&m½Sd OD;odrf;armifESifh<br />

tjcm;q&m (2) OD;wdkY aqG;aEG;yGJ jyKvkyfMuonf/<br />

nae (5) em&DwGif udkpHxGef;vSudk zrf;qD;oGm;onf/ oD&daqmifESifh wDwDpDaqmifrS trsKd;orD; (2) OD;udk<br />

ac:,lppfaq;cJhonf/<br />

nydkif;wGif ukdcifvSESifh jynfausmif;aqmifrS udktkef;BudKif? udkcifarmifjrifhwdkY zrf;qD;cH&avonf/<br />

þnwGif toHvTifh½HkrSaeí ausmif;0if;twGif;rS aoewfoHMum;í tpdk;&u aoewfrsm;udk rdk;ay:odkYaxmif<br />

um azmufNyD;? ausmif;om;rsm;udk ajcmufvSef Y&aMumif; aMunmavonf/ odk Yaomf aemufwaeY 4? 10? 53 &ufaeYxkwf<br />

owif;pmwGifrl jynfxJa&;0efBuD; Adkvfcifarmifuav; udk,fwkdif umbdkifaoewfESifh (2) csuf azmufum aoewfypf&ef<br />

trdefYay;onf[k zwf&onf/<br />

yif;,? tif;0? ppfudkif; ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif aoewfusnfqef&mrsm;u ausmif;om;xktwGif; ypfoGif;jcif;<br />

jzpfaMumif;udk tcdkiftrm oufaopdkufxlMuayonf/ tif;0wHcg; tkwfwdkiftopf pdkufxlNyD; ¤if;tay:wGif-<br />

]'Drdkua&pDusqHk;jcif; txdrf;trSwf}<br />

[laom pmwrf;udk urÜnf;xdk;xm;ayonf/ þurÜnf;pmwrf; usnfqH&mrsm; xifaeaom eH&HESifh wHcg;tkwf<br />

wdkifopfonf tif;0wHcg;\ &mZ0ifjzpfonf/ þae&mwGif pD;uscJhaom ausmif;om;wdkY\ rsuf&nfpufrsm;? aoG;puf<br />

rsm;? tif;0wHcg;\ &mZ0ifa&;cJhMuavNyD/ tif;0wHcg;\ &mZ0iftm; ausmif;om;vli,fwkdY\ tonf;ESvHk;twGif;rS<br />

xkwfypfí&awmhrnf r[kwfay/<br />

atmufwdkbm (3) &uf? nae (3) em&DwGif udkAaqGav;? udkoef;wif? udkodef;wdk;? udkodef;vIdif? udkarmifarmif?<br />

udkjrifhodef;? udkausmfNidrf;? udkodef;bvGifwdkYudk zrf;qD;í bm;vrf;tcsKyfaxmifwGif csKyfaESmifn§Of;yrf;Muonf/ tvGwf<br />

ynmoifausmif;rS udkwifodef;? udkodef;0if;wdkYudk (22) ppf&Jwyf&if;rS zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifum ½dkufESufn§Of;yef;Muonf/<br />

atmufwdkbmv (4) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (12) em&DwGif t"dywdvrf;ESifh ppfudkif;vrf;axmifhqHkrSm ygarmu©csKyf<br />

a'gufwmxifatmifu wuúodkvft"dywd 0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ek\-<br />

]nDarmifrsm;odkh arwÅm&yfcHcsuf}<br />

[laom pmwrf;udk (3) Budrf zwfMum;tNyD;wGif ajr<br />

atmufolykefrsm;? ausmif;om;r[kwfolrsm;? vufeufykef;rsm;?<br />

ausmif;wufvdkolrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufrI[laom pGyfpGJcsuf (4)<br />

csufjzifh tif;0? ppfudkif;? yif;,? yJcl;ESifh oxHkausmif;aqmifwdkY<br />

tm; ykvdyfaygif; (1000) ausmf 0dkif;NyD; wcef; 0ifwcef;xGuf<br />

½SmazGMuonf/ pGyfpGJcsuf (4) csufwGifygonfh t&mrsm; bmrSr<br />

awGU&ay/ pmtkyfESifh azmifwdefom½Sdaom ausmif;om;vli,fwdk Ytm;<br />

ykvdyf (1000) ausmf0dkif;í ½SmazGjcif;onf zsufr&onfh tpGef;<br />

uGufwck &mZ0ifwGif pGef;xif;jcif;om jzpfavonf/<br />

atmufwdkbmv (12) &ufwGif wuúodkvftoif;<br />

tzGJUaygif;pHk Ouú| udkomausmftm; owif;uGefz&ifh tNyD;wGif<br />

zrf;qD;cJhonf/ rdk;ay:odkhypfaomusnfqefonf þodkheH&Hrsm;wGif awGY&ygrnfavm<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

atmufwdkbm (4) &ufu<br />

0ifa&muf½SmazG&ef<br />

yif;,aqmifa½SY*dwfwGif<br />

ykvdyfwyfrsm; toifU½Sdaeonf<br />

vSHpGyfwyf umuDa&mif0wf<br />

vufeufudkifwdkhonf<br />

wuúodkvfe,fajrü þodkh<br />

usL;ausmfcJU\<br />

atmufwdkbm (4) &ufaehu þodkh<br />

ykvdyfrsm; taqmifcef;rsm; twGif;odkh<br />

0ifa&muf½SmazGonf<br />

401

402<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

atmufwdkbm (13) &ufwGif udkcspfNrdKifESifh udkarmifarmifBuD;wdkYudk jzefajza&;tzGJUrS ½Sif;vif;NyD; tjyefwGif<br />

zrf;qD;Muonf/<br />

atmufwdkbmv (21) &ufwGif &efukefc½dkif ausmif;aygif;pHkrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;tNyD;wGif<br />

&uo Ouú| udkwifxGwftm; zrf;qD;Muonf/ &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf wuúodkvfausmif;om;ta&;udk<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;&ef ausmif;om;rdbrsm; yg0ifaom aphpyfa&;aumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ qef;udwfrkef YwdkufwGif<br />

(3) Budrf pnf;a0;NyD;aemuf aumfrwDOuú| jzpfaom q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;onf atmufwdkbmv (23) &ufwGif<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY arwåm&yfcHpmwapmif ay;ydkYcJhonf/<br />

udktkH;armif? udkxGef;vIdif? udkpdef0if;? udkpdk;odef;? udkwifhvGif? udkxGef;az? udkcifvS wdkYudkvnf; zrf;qD;cJhMu<br />

onf/ udk,kudkvnf; ½dkufESufzrf;qD;Muonf/ rEÅav;rS udkausmfOD;? udkoef;OD;? udkazarmifjrifh? udktkef;armif? udk<br />

omvS wdkYvnf; zrf;qD;cH&onf/<br />

armfvNrdKifwuúodkvfrS udkwifarmif (<strong>or*¾</strong>twGif;a&;rSL;)? udkatmifodkufESifh udkoef;pdk;av;wdkYvnf; (11)<br />

&ufMumrQ zrf;qD;cHcJh&onf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;om;rsm; rw&m;zrf;qD;cH&ojzifh &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;xkBuD;onf w[kefxdk; tHk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;oef;atmifu ausmif;ydwfxm;csdefwGif taqmifrsm;ü½SmazG&m vufeufrsm;awGUaMumif; vkyfMuHpGyfpGJaMunmonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tcef;rS taysmftyg;vdkuf&mwGif toHk;jyKaom tufzft,fvfrsm; awGUonf[k ausmif;om;rsm;\ tusifh<br />

odu©mudk vkyfZmwfcif;í emrnfzsufonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u tufzft,fvfoef;atmif[k<br />

uifyGef;wyfcJhMuonf/ tajctaerSm ESpfbufpvHk;rS ausmif;jyefzGifhcsdeftwGuf jyifqifvIyf½Sm;aeMuonf/<br />

(X) Edk0ifbmausmif;jyefzGifhcsdef? ausmif;xkwfyGJESifh wdkufyGJt&SdefjrifhyHk<br />

1953 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv wuúodkvfjyefzGifhaomtcgwGif 0efcHcsufudk vufrSwfxdk;rS ausmif;aecGifhvufcHrnf<br />

aMunmxm;onf/ xdkudpöESifh ywfoufí rnfodkYoabmxm;&rnfudk pOf;pm;Muonf/ xkdpOf cH0efcsufvufrSwfxdk;&<br />

rnfudk 'l;axmuftnHhcH&jcif;tjzpf ,lqum trsKd;orD;rsm;? &Jabmfrsm;u 0efcHcsufvufrSwf ra&;xdk;vdk? tm;vHk;<br />

aom ausmif;om;rsm; vufrSwfrxdk;a&;twGuf avmavmq,f qE´jyvIyf½Sm;&ef rvG,fyg/ txl;ojzifh wdk;wuf<br />

&Jabmfrsm; vufrSwfrxdk;bJ ausmif;jyef0ifjcif; rjyKygu ausmif;om;xkudk wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk\<br />

OD;aqmifrIrS cGJxkwfcH&jcif; jzpfayonf/ vuf½SdtajctaerSm tm;vHk; ausmif;xJjyefa&muf&ef t"du jzpfayonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh rvTJomra½Smifom vufrSwfxdk;&ef oabmxm;onf/ udkbaumif;ESifh udkvS0if;wdk YrSm ausmif;jyefrwufawmh/<br />

udkpdk;odef;ESifh udktkef;armif tajctaet& wdk;wufausmif;om;tkyfpkESifh tjcm;tkyfpktoD;oD;rS &Jabmfrsm;ESifhwGJí<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIudk teD;uyf qufvufwm0ef,lEdkif&ef ausmif;xJodkY jyef0ifcJhMuonf/ ausmif;jyefzGifhaomtcg<br />

trsKd;rsKd;aom csKyfcs,frIrsm;udk awGU&onf/ txl;ojzifh taqmifrsm;wGif rD;udk n (11) em&Dtxdom cGifhjyKjcif;?<br />

taqmifrsm;wGif oHZumumjcif;? oHwHcg;wyfjcif; ponfwdkYjzifh ydkrdkxdef;csKyfvmí ydkrdkrausreyf jzpfMuonf/<br />

taqmifae ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifvdkuf nbufwGif rD;rSdwfqE´jyMuonf/ taqmifwGif um&Hxm;aom<br />

oHZumrsm;? oHqGJwHcg;rsm;udk ausmif;om;xktiftm;jzifh NzdKzsufcsonf/ rnfoluOD;aqmifí zsufqD;jcif;[k wduspGm<br />

rpGyfpGJEdkif? ausmif;om;xk tpkta0;tvdkuf tHhMozG,faumif;avmufatmif zsufqD;Muonf/ t"dywdvrf; wavsmuf½Sd<br />

rD;vHk;rsm;udk cGJzsufMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf tzsuform;rsm; r[kwfMuyg/ csKyfcs,frIr½SdpOf tqdkygrD;vHk;rsm;udk<br />

bmrSrvkyfcJhMuyg/ bGJUESif;obifwGif vnf;aumif;? ½Hk;taqmuftOD eH&HwGif vnf;aumif;? t"dywdvrf;rBuD;ay:wGif<br />

vnf;aumif;? oabFmaq;rsm;jzifh rdrdwdkYqE´udk azmfxkwfa&;Muonf/ ynma&;0efBuD; OD;oef;atmif\ taqmifwGif<br />

vufeufawGUonf[k pGyfpGJcsufudk vufz0g;wGif aq;rJokwfcg eH&HwGif azmfjyMuonf/ ausmif;wufaomaeYrsm;wGif eH&H<br />

uyfpmapmifrsm;uyfí vnf;aumif;? ydkpwmrsm;uyfí vnf;aumif;? aMunmcsufrsm;xkwfí vnf;aumif;? awmif;qdk<br />

csufrsm;? rauseyfcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfMuonf/ ausmif;ydwf&ufnrsm;wGif 'dk;ywfwD;í vIHUaqmfqE´jyMuonf/<br />

qE´jy&mwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;yHkpHrsm;jzifh jyolrsm;vnf; ½Sdonf/ yif;,aqmifü udkatmifMunfonf n<br />

(11) em&D xdk;aomtcg ¤if;tcef;wGif za,mif;wdkifrsm; pDí xGef;xm;onf/ taqmifrSL; OD;azatmif (ygarmu©<br />

tNidrf;pm; 'óedu) u rD;a&mifawGUí vmajymaomtcg udkatmifMunfu olYtaejzifh bk&m;rD;ylaZmfxm;onf[k<br />

jyefajymojzifh q&mOD;azatmif acgif;½IyfoGm;onf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;om;wdkY\vIyf½Sm;rIESifh ywfoufí acgif;aqmif[k,lqolrsm;udk ta&;,lvdkufygu OD;aqmifrI<br />

rJhoGm;um ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI NidrfoGm;rnf[k ,lq[ef½Sdonf/ þodkYaom tajccHjzifh wdk;wufausmif;om;tiftm;<br />

pkudk xyfrHNzdKcGJcJhonf/<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIudk atmUESvHk;empGmjzifh<br />

þodkhtNyD; oN*ØK[f&ef jyifqifxm;pOf<br />

403

404<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1953 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (9) &uf &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rS atmufygausmif;om;wdkhtm; aomif;usef;ol<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[k pGyfpGJum &moufyefausmif;xkwfvdkuf\/<br />

(1) udkbaumif; cHkeHygwf 153 0dZÆmwef; (yxrESpf)<br />

(2) udkvS0if; cHkeHygwf 64 Oya'wef; ('kwd,ESpf)<br />

(3) udkoef; cHkeHygwf 63 Oya'wef;<br />

(4) udktHharmif (jrefrmpm enf;jyq&mESifh Oya'oifwef;om;)<br />

(5) udkwifxGwf cHkeHygwf 1602 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(6) udkoef; cHkeHygwf 110 Oypm (odyÜH)<br />

(7) udkomausmf cHkeHygwf 83 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(8) udkpdk;odef; cHkeHygwf 1592 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(9) udkvSa½T cHkeHHygwf 111 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(10) udkcspfNrdKif cHkeHygwf 36 bDtufpfpD tif*sifeD,m (aemufqHk;ESpf)<br />

(11) udkoef;Edkif cHkeHygwf 10 bDat ynmydkif;<br />

(12) udkjrifhaqG cHkeHygwf 1485 'kwd,ESpf Oypm<br />

(13) udktkH;armif cHkeHygwf 143 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(14) udkatmifodef;0if; (jrefrmpmenf;jyq&mESifh yxrESpf Oya'wef;)<br />

(15) udkausmfNidrf; cHkeHygwf 1582 'kwd,ESpf Oypm<br />

(16) udkwifhvGif cHkeHygwf 1566 'kwd,ESpf (odyÜH)<br />

(17) udk,k cHkeHygwf 93 bDtufpD ('kwd,ESpf)<br />

(18) udkcifvS cHkeHygwf 178 'kwd,ESpf 0dZÆmwef;<br />

(19) udkatmifbef; cHkeHygwf 192 'kwd,ESpf 0dZÆmwef;<br />

(20) udkodef;atmif cHkeHygwf 198 'kwd,ESpf 0dZÆmwef;<br />

(21) udkwifatmif(2) cHkeHygwf 10 bDtufpD ('kwd,ESpf)<br />

(22) udkpD cHkeHygwf 887 'kwd,ESpf (Oypm)<br />

(23) udkvSxGef;atmif cHkeHygwf 809 yxrESpf (Oypm)<br />

(24) udkat;armif cHkeHygwf 966 'kwd,ESpf (Oypm)<br />

(25) udkÓPfxGef; cHkeHygwf 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(26) udkatmifxGef; cHkeHygwf 64 wwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)<br />

(27) udkatmifrdk; cHkeHygwf 77 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)<br />

(28) udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif cHkeHygwf 115 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)<br />

(29) udkodef;ñGefY cHkeHygwf aq;ausmif;om;<br />

(30) armfemoGif cHkeHygwf 87 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;ol)<br />

atmufyg ausmif;om; (10) a,muftm; wESpfxkwfy,fonf/<br />

(1) udkjrwfpH cHkeHygwf 84 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(2) udkarmifarmifoGif cHkeHygwf 1312 'kwd,ESpf (Oypm odyÜH)<br />

(3) udkwifvS cHkeHygwf 1613 'kwd,ESpf (Oypm)<br />

(4) udkatmif cHkeHygwf 29 yxrESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(5) rcifzkef;rdk cHkeHygwf yxrESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(6) rat;ñGefY cHkeHygwf 43 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;ol)<br />

(7) udkausmfNidrf; cHkeHygwf 143 'kwd,ESpf (aq;ausmif;om;)<br />

(8) udkaomif;pdef pwkw¬ESpf (tif*sifeD,mwef;)<br />

(9) udkwifxGef; 'kwd,ESpf (0dZÆm)<br />

(10) udk&JxG#f yxrESpf (0dZÆm-odyÜH)

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

atmufygausmif;om;rsm; owday;cHcJU&onf/<br />

(1) udktkef;cdkif (2) r0if;ar (3) rMuH (4) rjroef;<br />

(5) rcif0rf; (6) udkcifarmifyGm; (7) udkat; (8) udkausmfjrifh<br />

udkodef;atmif Sr. B.A.<br />

udkvSxGef;atmif Jr. B.A<br />

udkatmifrdk; II. M.B.B.S<br />

udkjrifUaqG Sr. I.A (jyef0ifcGifh&)<br />

atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkwGif ausmif;xkwfcH&aomausmif;om;rsm;<br />

udktHk;armifSr.<br />

B.Com<br />

udkwifxGef; Sr. B.Sc<br />

udkatmifbef; Sr. B.A.<br />

udkodef;ñGefh II. M.B.B.S<br />

udk,k Sr. B.Sc<br />

udkausmfNidrf; Sr. I.A<br />

udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif II. M.B.B.S<br />

udkwifatmif II. B.A. (Ed.)<br />

udkomausmf Sr. B.A.<br />

udkvS0if; II. B.L<br />

udkausmfNidrf; II.M.B.B.S(jyef0ifcGifh&)<br />

udk{armif Sr. I.A 405

406<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

udkwifarmifBuD; Sr. B.A.<br />

udkatmifxGef; III. M.B.B.S<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

rcifzkef;rdk Jr. B.A. (1 ESpf)<br />

udkwifxGwf Sr. I.Sc<br />

udkvSa½T Sr. B.A.<br />

rjrifUjrifUcif II. M.B. (jyef0ifcGifU&)<br />

Edk0ifbm (26) &ufaeY? eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dtxd ausmif;om;rsm; cGyfa'gif;tvHvTifhxlum<br />

zsufodrf;cH&onfh &ydkifcGifhtwGuf tpmiwfcHqE´jyMuonf/ wdkufyGJrSm (1) &uftwGuf jzpfonf/ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frItwGuf<br />

tavmif;aumifoN*ØK[frI qE´jyvSnfhvnfyGJ jyKvkyfonf/ ¤if;qE´jyyGJ jyKvkyfyHkrSm wu,fhtavmif;aumifxnfhaom<br />

tacgif;udk MuHawmokóefwGif oGm;0,fonf/ yif;,aqmif udkwifa½T (rHk½Gm A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae) \ tcef;qDodkY<br />

jrif;vSnf;jzifh o,fvmonf/ ¤if;tcef;wGif tacgif;xJodkY &orQpuúLpkwfrsm; xnfhonf/ acgif;ESpfzufwGif ]zdESdyf<br />

csKyfcs,frI tavmif;aumif} [k pmwef;a&;onf/ yif;,aqmif *dwfa½SUwGif tavmif;aumifjyifqifxm;í ausmif;om;<br />

xktm; pka0;aponf/<br />

udktkH;armifu obmywdtjzpf aqmif½Gufí udkcifausmfu tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½Gufonf/ xdkYaemuf<br />

bk&m;vrf;bwfpfum;vdkif;rS um;av;rsm;udk iSm;onf/ tjcm;bwfpfum;vdkif;rS um;rsm;udk qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;u<br />

Ncdrf;ajcmufydwfyifxm;í xdkum;av;rsm;udk iSm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkum;av;rsm;udkyif udkpdk;odef;ESifh udkwifxGef;wdkYonf<br />

toif;rS wm0ef½Sdolrsm;tm; vQKdU0SufoGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;NyD; aiGBudKwifay;í iSm;&jcif; jzpfonf/ um;wpD;<br />

trdk;ay:wGif zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frItavmif;aumif acgif;udkwifNyD; NrdKUxJodkY vSnfhvnfa

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(!) rEåav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;wdkufyGJ<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdtcGifhta&;twGuf rnfodkYyif aqmif½Gufapumrl tmPmvuf½Sdolrsm;onf<br />

&uf&ufpufpuf n§if;yef;Muonfom jzpfonf/ atmufwdkbmv (7) &uf? eHeuf (5) em&DtcsdeffwGif rEÅav;wuúodkvf?<br />

atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&; aqmif½Gufa&;aumfrwD0if udkrif;vGif (armifom&)? rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> twGif;a&;rSL; udkomEdk; (armifomEdk;)? rEÅav;c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkusifat;? twGif;a&;rSL; udkbkef;Edkif<br />

wdkYtm; rEÅav;&JtzGJUu zrf;qD;cJhonf/<br />

atmufwdkbmv (3) &ufaeYwGif rEÅav;NrdKUü tdrfawmf&mbk&m; (14) cef;Z&yfwGif NrdKUrd? NrdKUz tpnf;ta0;<br />

vkyf\/ tpnf;ta0;onf ausmif;om;rdb tpnf;ta0;[k trnfwyfxm;aomfvnf; zqyvvlBuD;rsm;ESifh zqyv<br />

u ac:,lxm;aom tvkyform;rsm;udk awGU&onf/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;rdbrsm; tpnf;ta0;[k zqyvwdkYu<br />

ZGwfqdkif;bkwfwifxm;aomfvnf; pufbD;wGif xrif;csKdifhrsm;csdwfí tusÐwHk;vHk;ESifh vmMuaom jrLeDpDy,f tvkyform;<br />

uyif zqyv\uvdrfcsKHudk azmfjyaeonf/ rif;bl; OD;armifarmif? atmifOD;bcsD? a':MunfMunfponfh wynfhzqyv<br />

vlBuD;rsm; awGUMuonf/<br />

þtpnf;ta0;wGif rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;udkav;tm; pum;ajymaponf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif<br />

oydwfqefYusifa&; tqdkwpfckudk wifoGif;í axmufcHonf/ tpnf;ta0;udk ½kyfodrf;rnfjyK&m ausmif;om;rdbwOD;u<br />

tpnf;ta0; tpOftvmt& uefYuGufol ½Sd? r½Sd ar;jref;zdkY oifhaMumif; tMuHay;pum;ajymMum;aepOf c½dkifzqyv<br />

vlBuD;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY*kPfodu©mudk raxmufxm;awmhbJ 'DaumifawG cs[? ½dkuf[[k ½dkif;jypGm atmf[pfMuojzifh<br />

tpnf;ta0;rSm ½kef;&if;qefcwfjzifh ysufpD;oGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; qlylolrsm;[kajymum ausmif;om;xkwdkufyGJ<br />

udk zsufcsifol c½dkifzqyv vlBuD;rif;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY tpnf;ta0;udkom zsufrd&ufom; MuHK&onf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkBuD;u atmf[pfarmif;xkwfojzifh zqyvvlBuD;rif;rsm;onf vsifjrefpGm xGufajy;oGm;Muonf/<br />

atmufwdkbm (8) &ufaeY tdrfawmf&mbk&m; (14) cef;Z&yfwGif rEÅav;c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;í vlxktpnf;<br />

ta0;BuD; wck jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;wGif rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? rEÅav;c½dkif½Sd<br />

txufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? &[ef;oHCmrsm;? NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm; pnfum;pGm wufa&mufMuonf/<br />

þtpnf;ta0;BuD;rS &efukefESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;rS zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk; jyefvTwf<br />

&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; n§Of;yef;? &ufpufrIrsm; &yfpJ&ef tqdkrsm; csrSwfcJhonf/ atmufwdkbm (16) &ufwGif<br />

zqyv vlBuD;rif;rsm;onf 'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;wpktm; rEÅav;c½dkif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJU[k emrnf<br />

wHqdyfwyfNyD; tpnf;ta0;wck ac:,lcJhonf/<br />

zqyvonf rdrdwdkYqufoG,forQaom toif;tzGJUrsm;udk tpnf;ta0; wufaponf/ awm½Gm½Sd Awvp<br />

v,form;BuD;rsm;tm; trawmfaMu;ay;rnf[k nmac:um armfawmfum;BuD;rsm;jzifh tpnf;ta0; usif;y&m usKH;axmifh<br />

Zmwf½HkodkY ta&mufydkYay;onf/ opfpufaygif;pHk tvkyform;rsm;? aq;vdyf½Hk trsKd;orD;rsm;? vGwfvyfa&; trsKd;orD;<br />

tzGJU0ifrsm;? zqyvESifh ruif;&mruif;aMumif; tm;vHk;wdkYtm; tpnf;ta0; wufaponf/<br />

þtpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;onf rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh om;orD;ausmif;om;wdkYtm; &efwdkufay;&efom jzpf<br />

onf/ v,form;rsm;tm; wHpOftpm; aoewfudkifí vnf;aumif;? aq;vdyf½Hk trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; uwfaMu;tpm;<br />

aoewfudkifí vnf;aumif;? tvkyform;rsm;tm; wltpm; aoewfudkifí vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;udk wdkufcdkuf<br />

vmap&ef &efwdkufay;jcif; jzpfonf/<br />

rEÅav;c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS *spfum;wpD;jzifh usHK;axmifheHab;rS aeí zqyvvkyf 'Dtufpftdku Auo<br />

tjzpf vdrfíac:,ljcif; jzpfaMumif;udk ½Sif;jyavonf/ xdktcg vlxkBuD;rSm ½Sif;jyae onfh *spfum;em;wGif ysm;tHkBuD;vdk<br />

jzpfvmonf/ þwGif ykvdyft&m½SdtcsKdU a&mufvmNyD; toHcsJUpufvdkifpifESifh *spfum;vdkifpif odrf;,lMuonf/ usKH;<br />

axmifhrS taemufzufodkY a½TUoGm;&ef ajymonf/ ausmif;om;xku ae&ma½TUoGm;í vlxkBuD;uvnf; a½TUvdkufvmMu<br />

onf/<br />

½kwfw&uf vpftdkAm ykvdyfum;wpfpD; a&mufvmonf/ *spfum;udk 0dkif;NyD; ydwfxm;vdkufonf/<br />

]igwdkh olcdk;"g;jy r[kwfbl;}<br />

]aoewf armif;rwifeJha[U}<br />

]wdkhudk aoewfeJhcsdefzrf;zdkh rvdkbl;}<br />

tHwBudwfBudwf jzpfvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;awGudk u,fvdkMuonf/ aoewfawGu olwdkYa½SUwGif umqD;<br />

407

408<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aeonf/<br />

]vlxkBuD; cifAsm;}<br />

]rw&m;zrf;wm MunfUraeMuygeJh}<br />

]uRefawmfwdkh ausmif;om;vli,fawGudk rw&m;zrf;ukefygNyD}<br />

]'Drdkua&pD r½Sdawmhyg}<br />

]wdkhudkzrf;wm zufqpftpdk;&}<br />

ta½SUe,f&J0efaxmuf OD;oef;azESifh &Jt&m½Sd OD;armifuav;wdkY OD;pD;aomykvdyfrsm;onf ausmif;wvydwfa&;<br />

aumfrwD0if udkcifarmifOD;tm; ZGwfzrf;qD;Muonf/ udkcifarmifOD;tm; ykvdyfuwzuf ausmif;om;uwzuf ZGwfvk<br />

qGJMuonf/ udkcifarmifOD;ESifh ausmif;om;wcsKdU ygoGm;onf/<br />

1953 ck? Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufaehwGifvnf; rEåav;wuúodkvfausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJYu atmufygausmif;om;^ol<br />

wdkhtm; aomif;usef;olwdkh\udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[k taMumif;jyum &moufyefausmif;xkwfvdkufMuonf/<br />

(1) udkausmfOD; 0dZÆm u-ydkif;<br />

(2) rjrifhjrifhMunf 0dZÆm u-ydkif;<br />

(3) udkjrifhatmif Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(4) udkndK Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(5) udkausmfpdk; Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(6) udkrif;rif; Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

(7) udkodef;vGif Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(8) udkcifarmifOD; Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

(9) udkomvS Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

(10) udkomEdk; OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(11) udktkef;armif OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(12) udktkef;az Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

(13) rararvIdif Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(14) rwifwif&D Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

rEåav;ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; wcJeufqE´jyonf<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(15) udkaX; OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(16) udkom'if Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(17) udk0if;armif Oypm c-ydkif;<br />

(18) udkjrifhodef; Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

(19) udk0if;armifoef; Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

atmufygausmif;om;rsm;rSm wESpfxkwfy,fcH&onf/<br />

(1) udknDnD OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(2) udkat;aomif OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(3) rcifoef;vIdif OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(4) rwifyk OypmodyÜH c-ydkif;<br />

(5) rcifoef;0if; Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

(6) rcifcif&D Oypm u-ydkif;<br />

atmufygausmif;om;rsm; owday;cH&onf/<br />

1/ udkÓPfvIdif<br />

2/ udk[defoif<br />

3/ udkcifarmifodef; wdkYtm; txl;owday;NyD;?<br />

1/ udkpdkif;bdkav;<br />

2/ udkausmfjrifhvIdif<br />

3/ udkoef;xGef; wdkYtm; owday;cH&onf/<br />

(¡) atmufwdkbmom;orD;rsm;<br />

e,fcsJUt*Fvdyftpdk;&onfyifvQif Armausmif;om;ESpfOD; (udkEkESifh udkatmifqef;) udkom ausmif;xkwfcJhNyD;<br />

zqyvtpdk;&onf ausmif;om; (59) a,muftm; &moufyefausmif;xkwfí? (16) a,mufudk wESpfxkwfy,fvdkuf<br />

onf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;xkwfjcif;onf ausmif;om;xktwGuf tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkrIrsm;wGif acgif;aqmifay;cJhMuol<br />

rsm;jzpfNyD; aemifwGif ausmif;om;ta&;udk awmif;qdk&Jolr½Sdatmif zdESdyfjcif;jzpfonf/ aomif;usef;oludk,fpm;vS,f[k<br />

pGyfpGJvdkufjcif;jzifh tpdk;&\ Oya'e,ferdwftwGif;ü rae&Jatmif awmodkYESifxkwfjcif; jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh<br />

'Drdkua&pD pnf;0dkif;twGif;rS vkyfMuyg[k wzGzGatmfaeaom zqyvwdkYonf 'Drdkua&pDtm; ydwfyifjcif;? 'Dtufpftdk<br />

rsm;ESifh twdkuftcHvkyfolrsm;tm; n§Of;yef;jcif; jzpfonf/ vlqdkonfrSm rdrdudk,fudk wefzdk;txm;qHk;? rdrdtusKd;udk<br />

txdef;odrf;qHk; owå0gjzpfonf/<br />

“SELF PRESERVATION IS THE MOST PRIMARY LAW OF NATURE”<br />

rdrdb0twGuf &ydkifcGifhtcGifhta&;rsm; zsufodrf;cH&vQif vlwdkif;awmif;qdk wkdufyGJ0ifrSm jzpfonf/ atmufwdkbm<br />

om;orD;rsm;rSm Adkvfatmifausmftm; ½kdufowfcJhMuaom t*FvdyfwdkYvdkyif zqyv\ yk'fr (144)? a&ydkuf? rsuf&nf,dkAHk;?<br />

aoewfusnfqefwdkYjzifh tMurf;zufrI cHMu&onf/<br />

tzrf;cH&olrsm;wGif tcsKdUrSm wESpfajcmufvrQ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif cH&onf/ zrf;qD;xm;aom tcsdefwGifvnf;<br />

q,f&uf? q,fhESpf&uf? qufwdkuf tcsKdUrSm wvcefY qufwdkufar;jref;cH&onf/ acG;ajccHkwGif xdkifcdkif;NyD; rtdyf&bJ<br />

ESpfq,fhav;em&D qufwdkufar;jcif;udk tcsKdUrSm oHk;&ufcefY? tcsKdUrSm q,fhoHk;&ufcefY qufwdkufar;jref; cH&onf/<br />

tcsKdUrSm vQyfppfrD;a&mifuvGJí aea&mif? va&mifrjrif&aom ajcmufayywfvnf tcef;xJwGif wvcGJrQ avSmifxm;<br />

cH&onf/ tcsKdUrSm zrf;qD;pOfESifh zrf;tNyD;wGif ½dkufESufn§Of;qJcH&onf/<br />

&moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om; ESpfOD;jzpfonfh udkbaumif;ESifh udkvS0if;rSm 0&rf;xkwfcH&onf/<br />

udkausmfpdk;rSm xyftzrf;cH&onf/<br />

409

410<br />

(P) trsKd;om;aehusif;yjcif;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdkESpfwGif trsKd;om;aeYESifh ausmif;om;aeYudk atmifjrifpGm usif;ycJhonf/ *spfum;rsm;ay:wGif zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI<br />

o½kyfjyyGJrsm; jyKvkyfí NrdKUwGif;odkU pDwef;a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

3/ udkausmfatmif twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ udkodef;atmif tvkyfwm0efcH<br />

5/ udkausmfaX; trIaqmif<br />

6/ udk,k trIaqmif<br />

7/ oef;oef; trIaqmif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf udk,fvufMuHUcdkifa&;aumifpDwGif 1952-53 ckESpftwGuf ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vnft<br />

jzpf aqmif½Guf&ef udk0if;armif? udkcsrf;om? udkwif&D? udkboGif? udkvSjrifhwdkYudk trIaqmiftzGJUrS a½G;cs,fcJhNyD;vQif<br />

wuopm&if;ppftjzpf udkoef;xG#ftm; cefYtyfcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDwGif ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywf<br />

oufaom jyóemrsm;twGuf aqmif½Guf&ef wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf OD;armifarmifausmf (bDat) ESifh OD;vSwif<br />

(bDat? bDt,fvf) wdkYtm; a½G;cs,fcJhonf/ OD;armifarmifausmfrSm wuúodkvf&dyfomaumfrwDESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

axmufyHhaMu; (pwdkifyif) aumfrwDwdkYwGif yg0ifaqmif½Guf&í OD;vSwifrSm ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifh aq;½HkaumfrwD<br />

wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdayonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf udkudkBuD; (Ouú|)<br />

ESifh udkcifarmifjrifhwdkUtm; a½G;cs,fyg0ifapcJhonf/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'<br />

wuoOuú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk &efukefwuúodkvf ,k'oefcef;rü 20? 9? 52 &ufaeYu usif;y<br />

jyKvkyfcJhNyD;vQif 1952-53 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'udk aMunmcJhayonf/<br />

1/ tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;<br />

tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wdkYESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;?<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;<br />

qufqHa&;wdkYyif jzpfayonf/<br />

txufygvkyfief;rsm;;udk ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;\ qEÉSifh nd§EIdif;NyD;vQif ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;<br />

om;t,ltq? ausmif;om;xifjrifcsufrsm;jzifh OD;vnfroHk aqmif½GufoGm;rnf[k aMunmcJhayonf/ xdkaMunmcJhaom<br />

tajccH0g' (3) &yfudk atmifjrifap&eftwGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf 1952-53 ckESpfwGif vkyfaqmifrnfh vkyf<br />

ief;pOf (10) csufudkvnf; owfrSwfxm;cJhum usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJrSmyif xkwfjyefaMunmcJhayonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh wuo tvkyftrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;wGif 1952-53 ckESpf wuo tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\<br />

vkyfief;rsm; aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk wifjyrnfjzpfayonf/ xdkodkYwifjy&mwGif trIaqmiftzGJU\ aMunmcJhaom vkyfief;<br />

pOf (10) csuf? rnfa½GUrnfrQ taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnfudk qef;ppf wifjyrnfjzpfayonf/ ,ck tpD&ifcHpmrSm<br />

wuo\ wdkawmif;vSaom (6) vrQ umvMumonfh oufwrf;twGif; aqmif½GufcJhaomvkyfief;rsm;ukd tpD&ifcHxm;<br />

jcif;jzpf&m tajccH0g'ay:wGifrSDNyD; tydkif;BuD; (3) ydkif; cGJjcm;um tpD&ifcHoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

tqifUtwef;jrifUaomynma&;ESifU ausmif;om;b0om,majzmifUjzL;a&;<br />

,aeY &efukefwuúodkvf\ tajctaeudk wifjytpD&ifcHvdkygonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif t&nftcsif;<br />

jynfh0aom q&mrsm;enf;yg;vsuf ½Sd\/ ausmif;oHk;ud&d,mrSmvnf; ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh pmvQif vHk;0rvHkavmufbJ<br />

csKdUwJhvsuf½Sd\/ avmu"gwfqdkif&m ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? "gwkaA'prf;oyf&ef tcef;rsm;rSm ,ck tcsdeftxd ravmuf<br />

riS jzpfíaeayonf/ ,ckuJhodkY rvHkravmuf t&m&mwGif csKdU,Gif;vsuf oifMum;ae&aom ausmif;om;ynm&yfrsm;<br />

rSm rnfuJhodkY tqifhtwef;½Sdonfudk cefYrSef;Edkifayonf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGifvnf; wcef;wGif (2) a,muf aecJhaomf<br />

vnf;? wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmaom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh rvHkravmuf jzpfcJhayonf/ xdkrQyifru ckwif? pm;yGJ? pmtkyfpif<br />

paom rvHkravmufjzpfaeonfh jyóemrsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif &ifqkdifvsuf ½SdMuayonf/ tpm;taomufwGif<br />

vnf; nHhzsif;vsuf? rusef;rrmjyefvQifvnf; aq;0g;ukoa&;twGuf tcuftcJawGUí ae&ayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tzdkY ausmif;aq;½HkwGif wufa&mufukoEdkifaomfvnf; ausmif;olrsm;tzdkY ausmif;aqmifwGifyif aq;0g;ukoíae&<br />

ayao;onf/<br />

usef;rma&; tajctaeqdk;½Gm;ojzifh &efukefaq;½HkBuD;odkY ydkYjyefvQifvnf; aq;odyÜH ausmif;om;r[kwfygu<br />

ausmif;om;twGuf oD;oefYxm;aomtcef;wGif wufa&mufukocGifhr&cJhay/ aq;uko&mwGifvnf; tcrJhaq;uko<br />

411

412<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jcif; rcH&bJ? aq;zdk;0g;c q&m0efcudkyg ay;aqmifae&onfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh rdwuGJ? zwuGJ w&yfae<br />

wajrjcm;odkY vma&muf qnf;yl;ae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;\ usef;rma&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; BudKwifumuG,frIrsm;rSm<br />

rsm;pGmrSyif nHhzsif;aeonfudk awGU½Sdae&ayonf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif½Sd a&csKd;cef;rsm;? tdrfomrsm;rSm npfywfvsuf<br />

aeayonf/<br />

tpm;taomuf? taetxdkif? usef;rma&; csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;wGifomru ynmoifMum;a&;bufwGifvnf;<br />

rjynfhpHk? pmar;yGJpepfrSmvnf; wrsKd;NyD;wrsKd; ajymif;vJaeojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm 'ku©trsKd;rsKd;ESifh &ifqdkifvsuf<br />

½Sdayonf/ pD;yGm;a&; tcuftcJaMumifh ausmif;raeEdkifaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu; ay;onfrSmvnf;<br />

(5) &mcdkifEIef;avmufom ay;aeonfhtwGuf rsm;pGmvdkvsuf ½Sdonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/<br />

txufyg rjynfhrpHk rvHkavmufjcif;rsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;\ avmavmq,f vdktyfcsufrsm;udk aqmif½Guf<br />

ay;jcif;onfomvQif tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpf<br />

csrSwfEdkifjcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf ausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsuf<br />

rsm;? qHk;½IH;aeaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfxkwfum awmif;qdk&eftwGuf wuúodkvfü½Sdaom bmom&yfqdkif&m toif;<br />

tzGJUrsm;? o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk zdwfMum;um aqG;aEG;yGJrsm; vkyfcJhMuonf/ tMuHÓPfrsm;udk<br />

awmif;qdkcJhMuayonf/<br />

xdktpnf;ta0;rsm;rS azmfxkwfcsufrsm;? tMuHÓPfrsm;udk,lum wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;\ vdkvm;csuf (22) csufudk azmfxkwfum? 30? 9? 52 &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvfaumifpDodk Y wifjyawmif;qdk cJhayonf/<br />

þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &efukefwuúodkvf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf 'kwd,ESpf0ufnDvmcHBuD;rS vnf;<br />

aumif;? waumif;ausmif;aqmif? jynfausmif;aqmif? oxHkausmif;aqmif? yJcl;ausmif;aqmif? ppfudkif;ausmif;aqmif?<br />

tif;vsm;ausmif;aqmif? oD&d (bifwef) ausmif;aqmif ausmif;om;xk pnf;a0;yGJrsm;rS vnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

tdE´d,trsKd;om;ausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;? &efukefwuúodkvf ynmodyÜH ausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;rsm;rS vnf;aumif;?<br />

wuo awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk axmufcHcJhMuayonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (20) &uf ausmif;om;aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;wGif awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

(22) csufudk wuoaiGxdef; udkpdefoif; udk,fwdkifwifoGif;um ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u axmufcHcJhMuayonf/<br />

xdkpnf;a0;yGJtNyD;wGif ausmif;om;xkBuD;onf t"dywdvrf;rBuD;rS &efukefwuúodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;rBuD;odkY<br />

csDwufum qE´jyaxmufcHcJhMuayonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGifyg0ifaom wuoudk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2)<br />

OD;uvnf; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;&½Sda&;? taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif aqmif½GufcJhMuayonf/<br />

,ckuJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\epfemcsufrsm;udk ta&;qdk&mwGif wuotrIaqmif\ rSefuefaom acgif;aqmif<br />

rI? ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGmESifh tifwdkuftm;wdkuf axmufcHrI? wuoudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

aumifpDvlBuD;wdkU\ BudK;yrf;rIaMumifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tm;vHk;vdkvdkyif &½SdcJhMuayonf/<br />

þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? bmom&yfqdkif&m<br />

toif;tzGJUrsm;\ aqG;aEG;csufrsm;ay:rS ay:xGufvmaom awmif;qdkcsuf (22) csufjzpfNyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>0if ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; odNyD;jzpfcJhayonf/ þawmif;qdkcsuf (22) csufrSm a½S;,cif wufa&mufcJhMuaom trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

wdkif;vdkyif awmif;qdkcJhMuaomfvnf;? taumiftxnf ay:aygufcsufrSm enf;yg;vSayonf/ ,ckESpf wufa&mufcJh<br />

aom trIaqmiftzGJUonf r&rae tqifhqifhaomenf;rsm;jzifh BudK;yrf;rnf[k uwday;aMunmcJhonfhtwdkif; &½Sdap&ef<br />

aqmif½GufcJhMuonf/<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk (1) ausmif;aqmifESifh ywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsuf? (2) pmar;yGJESifh ywfoufaom<br />

awmif;qdkcsuf? (3) taxGaxGawmif;qdkcsuf[lí a,bk,stm;jzifh cGJjcm;Edkifayonf/ txufyg awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

rsm;rSm trIaqmiftzGJUu csrSwfxm;aom tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;<br />

[laom 0g'ESifh udkufnD taxmuftuljyKaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/<br />

atmifjrifrIrsm;<br />

ausmif;aqmifESifh ywfoufí awmif;qdkcsufrsm;wGif ,ckjrifawGUaeonfhtwdkif;yif rdef;uav;rsm;twGuf<br />

ausmif;aqmifwaqmif? a,mufsm;av;rsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmif (4) aqmif aqmufvkyfae&m taumiftxnftjzpf<br />

ay:aygufcJhayonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpD\ jyefMum;csuft&rSm ZGefvausmif;zGifhtrD NyD;pD;rnf[líum; rcefYrSef;<br />

Edkifay/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ynmodyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;taqmuftODudk azazmf0g&Dv tNyD;avmufwGif aqmufvkyfEkdif<br />

rnfjzpfí? aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmifwaqmifudk rwfv 'kwd,ywftwGif; tkwfjrpfcsEdkifrnf[k<br />

uwd&½SdcJhayonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf ausmif;aqmifwdkif;\ oD;jcm;vdkvm;csufjzpfaom trdk;rsm;jyifqif&efESifh oxHkESifh tif;0ausmif;<br />

aqmif pMuFefvrf;csif; qufpyfa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk aEG&moDwGiftNyD; aqmif½Gufay;rnf[k uwd&½SdcJhay<br />

onf/<br />

o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wdkif;udkvnf; upm;aMu;aiG (200) usyfpD xkwfay;&ef awmif;qdk&mwGifvnf;<br />

&½SdcJhayonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGifvnf; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) a,muf yg0ifaqmif½GufcGifhudkvnf;<br />

&½SdcJhayonf/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif a&vHkavmufpGm&½Sda&;twGuf t0DpdwGif; (8) wGif; wl;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m<br />

tm;vHk;yif&½Sdí ,cktcsdefwGif wl;í NyD;pD;cJhayonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifcef;c (17) usyfrS (12) usyfodkY avQmhcsa&;wGif taumiftxnf ,cktcsdeftxd ray:ayguf<br />

ao;bJ aqmif½GufqJyif jzpfayonf/ þudpöudk aqmif½Guf&ef wuotrIaqmif (2) OD;ESifh wuoudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

vlBuD; (1) OD;onf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif enf;vrf;rsm;udk ½SmazGcJhMuayonf/ pm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;cJhMuonf/<br />

þuJhodkY ½SmazGppfaq;cJhojzifh (5) usyf ravQmhEdkifonfhwdkifatmif awmfawmfrsm;rsm; avQmhEdkifvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifh<br />

&ayonf/ þawmif;qdkcsufudkrlum; ausmif;zGifhpupNyD; cHpm;&vdrfhrnf[k tpD&ifcHcJh vdkayonf/<br />

pmar;yGJta&;rsm;<br />

pmar;yGJta&;ESifh ywfoufí trIaqmiftzGJUonf aqmif½GufEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

vGefcJhaom 1951-52 ckESpf tydkif; (u) pmar;yGJwGif us½HI;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk t&pfuspmar;yGJwGif<br />

0ifa&mufajzqdkcGifhudk Oypmwef;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh 0dZÆmwef;ausmif;om;rsm;twGufyg &½SdcJhayonf/ t&pfus pmar;yGJudk<br />

1956 ckESpftxd wdk;csJUay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m atmifjrifcJhayonf/ þuJhodkY t&pfuspmar;yGJudk awmif;qdkcJh&mwGif ,ck<br />

vuf½Sd ajzqdkaeoltm;vHk;twGufudkom awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ ,ckuJhodkY awmif;qdk&jcif;rSm pmar;yGJ (2) rsKd; r½Sdapvdkonfh<br />

twGufaMumifhyif jzpfayonf/<br />

rnfonfh wdkif;jynfwuúodkvfwGifrS pmar;yGJ (2) rsKd; r½Sdonfhtjyif ,ckuJhodkY pmar;yGJ (2) rsKd; usif;yay;<br />

jcif;tm;jzifh wuúodkvfwGif txl;tvkyfrsm;jym;vmrnf jzpfayonf/ txl;ojzifh urÇmwGif pHwnfxm;aom wuúodkvf<br />

\ tqifhtwef;udk rrD½HkrQru? wuúodkvf'D*&D\ wefzdk;udkvnf; usqif;oGm;ayrnf jzpfayonf/ wzef pmar;yGJpepf<br />

(2) rsKd;teuf wrsKd;rsKd;udk jzKwfypf&ef twGufrSm ausmif;om;trsm;pku tydkif; (u) (c) pepfudk vufcHcJhaomaMumifh<br />

wpwp ½kyfodrf;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhjcif; jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

tif*sifeD,moifwef;udk wufa&mufoifMum;vdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ocsFmbmomwGif (50)<br />

&mcdkifEIef; r&aomfvnf; oifwef;udk wufa&mufEdkifcGifhESifh tydkif; (u) pmar;yGJus½HI;cJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;tzdkU<br />

tykdif; (u) pmar;yGJwGif xyfrHajzqdk&mü NyD;cJhaomESpfu oifMum;cJh&aom oifcef;pmrsm;udkom ar;jref;&ef awmif;<br />

qdkcJh&m &½SdcJhayonf/<br />

pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;wGif tydkif;cGJjcm;um (Division) trSwfpOftvdkuf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif; rjyK&ef awmif;qdk<br />

cJh&m &½SdcJhayonf/ xdkawmif;qdkcsuft& (60) &mcdkifEIef;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;tzdkY (Credit) qdkaom *kPfxl;0daoo<br />

xnfhay;&efudkum; vufoifhcHcJhayonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xl;cRefaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tm;ay;&rnf[k<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUu ,HkkMunfvufcHaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu;ay;&mwGif ,cifu (5) &mckdifEIef;rQ ay;cJhonfhtwGuf (10) &mcdkifEIef;<br />

xd wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m wuúodkvfaumifpDu vHk;0axmufcHNyD;vQif tpdk;&xHodkY wifjyawmif;qdk xm;cJhay<br />

onf/<br />

taxGaxG awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

taxGtaxGawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhNyD; jzpfonfhtwdkif; od½SdNyD;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfay<br />

onf/<br />

þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm tm;vHk;r&½Sdonfhwdkifatmif? auseyfvufcHavmufonftxd &½SdcJhygonf[k<br />

tpD&ifcHvdkayonf/ þodkY awmif;qdk&mwGif wuowOD;wnf;omru o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? bmom&yf<br />

413

414<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

qdkif&m toif;tzGJUrsm;? vlrsKd;pktzGJUtpnf;rsm;? EdkifiHjcm;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; yl;aygif;<br />

aqmif½Gufcsufjzifh &½SdcJhayonf[k azmfjytpD&ifcHvdkayonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDESifh wuoonf ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ta&;ESifh wuúodkvf\ta&;udk ESpfzuf pOf;pm;MuNyD;vQif em;vnfrI &½SdcJh,HkrQru ausmif;om;rsm;tusKd;? wuúodkvf\<br />

tusKd;udk o,fydk;Murnf[laom &nf½G,fcsufjcif; wlnDcJhMuayonf/ odkYaMumifhvnf; awmif;qdkcsufrsm; &½SdcJhMuonf<br />

[k azmfjytpD&ifcHvdkygonf/<br />

txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tjyif ta&;ay:awmif;qdkcsufrsm;jzpfaom atmufygtcsufrsm;udkvnf;<br />

awmif;qdk taumiftxnfazmf cJhavonf/<br />

(u) pepfa[mif;t& usif;yjyKvkyfrnfh rwfvESifh ZGefv Oypmpmar;yGJwdkYwGif rdrdwdkY ajzqdk&ef usef½Sdonfh<br />

bmom&yfrsm;ESifhtwl (Eligible) rjzpfonfh bmom&yfrsm; (Oyrm- Biology) udkyg wygwnf; ajzqdkcGifh/<br />

(c) ,ckrwfvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfrnfh OypmodyÜHtydkif; (c) pmar;yGJwGif "mwkaA'bmom&yfü ,cifESpfu<br />

ar;NyD;jzpfaom (Acid Radical) xnfhoGif;í ar;rnfqdkaom tcsufudk y,fzsufay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m &½SdcJhayonf/<br />

(8) bDtD;'D 'D*&D&½SdNyD;aom ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk ynma&;Xmeü rnfonfhwm0efudk xrf;aqmif<br />

&onfjzpfap bDpDtufpf txufwef; (Senior Branch) ay;yg&ef awmif;qdkcsufudk ynma&;0efBuD;xHodkY awmif;qdk<br />

xm;aMumif;/<br />

(C) &efukefaq;½HkBuD;wGif wufa&mufukoaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ae&m (8) ae&m ay;xm;aMumif;<br />

udk wuoawmif;qdkcsufrsm; awmif;qdkpOfu wuúodkvfaumifpDrS jyefMum;pmwGif yg½SdcJhaomfvnf; wu,fhvufawGU<br />

wGif wuúodkvfausmif;om;wdkif; oD;oefYcef;ü wufa&mufukocGifh r&½Sdonfudk uG,fvGefolausmif;om; udkapmMunf<br />

udpöwGif awGU½Sd&ojzifh wuorS &efukefwuúodkvfaq;½HkrS aq;½HkBuD;odk YydkUaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; ul;puf<br />

wwfaom a&m*grsm;rSwyg; ausmif;om;twGuf oD;oefYtcef; (Student Ward) wGif xm;ay;&ef/<br />

uG,fvGefol OypmodyÜHtxufwef;ausmif;om; udkapmMunfudk (Student Ward) rS (Ward One <strong>and</strong> Two)<br />

odkY ajymif;a½TUonfh wm0efcHq&mrESifh udkapmMunfudk *½kwpdkufppfaq;Munfh½Ium aq;ay;jcif;? aq;0g;ukojcif;<br />

udk rjyKvkyfaom oufqdkif&mwm0efcH q&m0efukd tjrefqHk; ta&;,lay;yg&ef awmif;qdkcJh½HkrQru wuorSwqifh<br />

owif;axmufrsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;yGJjyKvkyfum jynfolxHodkY wifjycJhayonf/<br />

(i) azazmf0g&DvESifh rwfvwGif usif;yrnfh pmar;yGJrsm;twGuf pmar;yGJ0ifaMu;udk Zefe0g&Dv (15) &uf<br />

aemufqHk;xm;í ay;oGif;&efudk y,fzsufí Zefe0g&Dv (27) &ufaeYtxd wdk;csJUay;&ef awmif;qdk&½Sdayonf/<br />

(p) wuorS OD;pD;vsuf (3) vywf wuúodkvf0ifoifwef;udk Edk0ifbmv (26) &ufaeYrSpí <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

taqmuftODü pwifzGifhvSpfcJh&m ausmif;om;aygif; (120) ausmf wufa&mufcJhavonf/<br />

(q) &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDrSm tif*sifeD,maumvdyf? vQyfppftif*sifeD,m uxdu Mr. Ping Lee udk<br />

(3) v BudKwifowday;um rwfv (31) &ufaeYwGif tvkyf&yfpJ&ef taMumif;Mum;cJhayonf/ Mr. Ping Lee rSm<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; em;vnfatmif oifjyEdkifaom uxduwOD; jzpf½HkrQru (2) ESpf pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkum vkyfudkifcJholjzpfay<br />

onf/ odkYaomf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS pmcsKyftwdkif; qufvufrcefYxm;bJ? t&nftcsif;½Sdol q&mwOD;tm; tvkyf&yf<br />

pJcJhjcif;rSm w&m;rrQwonfhtwGuf tvkyf&yfpJjcif;udk y,fzsufum pmcsKyftwkdif; qufvufcefYxm;&ef awmif;qdk<br />

cJhayonf/ tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS txufygawmif;qdkcsufudkvnf; wuorS axmufcHcJhayonf/ þ<br />

enf;jzifh ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; tusKd;udkomru wuúodkvfq&m? q&mrwdkY\ w&m;rQwaom jyóemwdkif;udk<br />

wuorS aqmif½GufoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ vdkvm;csuf epfemcsufrsm;udk<br />

ajz½Sif;ay;½Hkru pdkufysKd;a&;? 0dZÆm? odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh tpdk;&pufrIvufrI tif*sifeD,m<br />

twwfoifausmif; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf; axmufcH awmif;qdkcJhygaMumif;/<br />

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;<br />

tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

ArmEdkifiH½Sd ausmif;om;tiftm;pkonf 1949 ckESpfrS pí trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;um rnDrñGwf jzpfcJh&ayonf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; NydKuGJcJhonfESifhtrQ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;onf waeYwjcm;qHk;½IH;vsuf ½Sday<br />

onf/ rdrdwdkY\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk rumuG,fEdkifcJhonfhtjyif w&m;rQwí rSefuefaom ausmif;om;xk\ vdkvm;csuf?<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf; taumiftxnf azmfxkwfjcif;iSm rpGrf;EdkifjzpfcJh&ayonf/ rdrdwdkY\ vdkvm;csufudk awmif;<br />

qdka&;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? ynmoifMum;a&; aumif;rGefa&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&;wdkYrSm nDñGwfa&;jzifhom aqmif½GufEdkifayonf/ nDñGwfa&;onfomvQif ausmif;om;xk\ txda&mufqHk;aom<br />

vufeufw&yf jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf rnDrñGwfESifh rdrd\ tcGifhta&;twGuf udk,fwdkif BudK;pm;um<br />

wdkufyGJqifETJjcif; r½SdygvQif ausmif;om;\tcGifhta&;rsm;vnf; &½SdEdkifrnf r[kwfawmhay/ odkYtwGuf ,aeY ausmif;<br />

om;xk\ xrf;aqmif&rnfhwm0efrSm ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;omvQif jzpfayonf/<br />

xdknDñGwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&mwGif ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;udk wnfaqmufEdkifrSomvQif wu,fh<br />

cdkifrmaom nDñGwfa&;? xm0pOfnDñGwfa&;udk &½SdEdkifrnfjzpfayonf/ nDñGwfa&;onf tvdktavsmuf jzpfay:í<br />

rvm? tay:,H qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;? a

416<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; twGif;0,f ausmif;om;vli,f? vl½G,f oef;aygif;rsm;pGmwdkYrSm ppf\ raumif;usKd;udk xrf;ydk;ozG,f<br />

½kef;cHcJhMu&\/ ppfjzpfonfESifh wNydKifeuf trIxrf;&ef oifhavsmfaom ausmif;om;½G,fvli,fwdkYrSm ppfxJodkY 0ifMu&\/<br />

ppfrIxrf;Mu&\/ ausmif;oifcef;rsm;udk pGefYvTwfum ppfajrjyifodkY ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&ojzifh pmayoifMum;qnf;yl;rI<br />

t00rSm ysufpD;cJh&ayawmhonf/<br />

at;csrf;om,mpGmESifh ynmoifMum;aejcif;udk ppfBuD;jzpfyGm;jcif;u zsufqD;í ypfvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf aemufxyfppfBuD;wck xyfrHjzpfyGm;jcif;udk tvdkr½Sd/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;rIudk tvdk½Sdayonf/ ppfBuD;wck<br />

xyfrHjzpfyGm;ap&ef vIHYaqmfjyifqifae&jcif;twGuf b@maiGrsm;udk odef;oef;csDum oHk;pGJ&jyefojzifhvnf; ynma&;toHk;<br />

p&dwfudk avQmhyg;vmcJhap\/ ausmif;om;epfemcsufwdkYonf qwufxrf;ydk; ay:xGufvmcJh&\/<br />

xdkuJhodkY aMumuf½GHUzG,faumif;aom ppfBuD;'PfrS vGwfuif;apNyD;vQif vlrsKd;wdkif;\ toufjzpfaom<br />

trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk aqmif½Gufjcif;onfomvQif vlYb0udk om,m0ajymaprnf jzpf\/ ,Ofaus;rIudk jr§ifhwif<br />

ay;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf; ppf\tarGtESpfrsm;udk ajymif;vJypfEdkifrnf jzpf\/ ppf\tEÅ&m,fudk wm;qD;jcif;jzifhomvQif<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;onf jzpfxGef;Edkifrnf jzpfayonf/<br />

vlrsKd;tcsif;csif;? vli,fausmif;om;tcsif;csif; wOD;ESifhwOD; rkef;wD;rIudk y,fzsufum bmoma&;,HkMunfrI?<br />

taoG;ta&mifcGJjcm;rI? EdkifiHa&;t,ltq? pD;yGm;a&;tqifhtwef; rcGJjcm;bJ &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;qufqHa&;? cspfMunf<br />

a&;jzifhvnf; ppfBuD;w&yfudk wm;qD;EdkifNyD;vQif Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;udk wnfaqmufEdkifrnf jzpfayonf/<br />

odkhtwGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJYonf-<br />

(1) rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> qufoG,fa&;/<br />

(2) rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; &if;ESD;a&;? rdwfjzpfa&;/<br />

(3) ausmif;om;rsm;\ upm;ckefpm;rItqifhtwef; jr§ifhwifa&;wdkYtwGuf &efukefwuúodkvf abmvHk;<br />

toif;udk rEÅav;wuúodkvfodkY apvTwfcJhayonf/<br />

xdktzGJU\ acgif;aqmiftjzpf q&mOD;vSarmif? twGif;a&;rSL; udk0if;armif (wuo trIaqmif)? &efukef<br />

wuúodkvf abmvHk;toif; uyÜwdef udka½SmMunf? ñTefMum;ol udkoef;0if;? udkboGif (upm;ckefpm;a&; aumifpDvlBuD;)<br />

ESifh udkatmifbef; (wuo twGif;a&;rSL;) wdkY yg0ifcJhMuayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf abmvHk;toif;onf rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? ppfudkif;c½dkif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh vnf;aumif;? &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&;udk<br />

aqmif½GufEdkifcJhygaMumif;/<br />

wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;pOf (10) csufwGif wcsuf tygt0ifjzpfaom &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;<br />

om;yGJawmfudk Nidrf;csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;? ,Ofaus;rI vJvS,fa&;? ausmif;om;tcsif;<br />

tcsif; &if;ESD;rdwfjzpfa&;? ausmif;om; nDñGwfa&;[laom &nf½G,fcsuf (5) csufjzifh &efukefwuúodkvf o[m,ESifh<br />

pmzwftoif;rsm;? c½dkiftoif;rsm;? vlrsKd;pktzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;um Zefe0g&Dv (10) &ufrS (13) &ufaeY<br />

txd usif;yjyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

1953 ck? yxrtBudrf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;yJGawmfrkcfOD;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

þwuúodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif-<br />

(u) "gwfyHk? yef;csD? umwGef; NydKifyGJjyyGJrsm;<br />

(c) *DwNydKifyGJ? tdk;pnfNydKifyGJ? 'dk;ywfNydKifyGJ<br />

(*) pmayNydKifyGJrsm;<br />

(C) upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJrsm;<br />

(i) ,Ofaus;rI twD;trIwf tutckefwifjyyGJrsm;<br />

(p) tNidrfhjyyGJrsm;<br />

(q) ½kyf½SifjyyGJrsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmf þuJhodkY usif;yjcif;onf &efukefwuúodkvf &mZ0ifwGif vnf;aumif;? &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> &mZ0ifwGif vnf;aumif; ray:aygufcJhbl;aMumif; tpD&ifcHvdkayonf/<br />

þwuúodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfonf &efukefwuúodkvf&mZ0ifü yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf usif;yjyKvkyfcJhjcif;<br />

jzpfayonf/ usif;ycJhaom ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;? EdkifiHjcm;ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ArmtrsKd;om;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf EdkifiHa&;t,ltq? bmoma&;,HkMunfrI? pD;yGm;a&;tajctae cGJjcm;rIr½SdbJ yg0if qifETJcJhjcif;jzifh<br />

vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfaumifpDESifh &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd q&m? q&mrrsm; ulnDtm;ay;rIjzifhvnf; aumif;?<br />

NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;\ ulnDtm;ay;rIjzifh vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;y EdkifcJhayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf armifr,fNydKifyGJ? avSNydKifyGJrsm;wGif qkrsm; csD;jr§ifhay;jcif;jzifhvnf; wuúodkvfausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;\ upm;ckefpm;a&;udk tm;ay;cJhayonf/<br />

jrefrmpmay jyefvnfazmfxkwf qef;opfjr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; A[kokwwdk;yGm;a&;udk<br />

&nf½G,fvsuf ]pmqdkawmfaeh} jzpfay:vmyHkESifh Armh,Ofaus;rI pmaytqDtESpfrsm;udk wifjyonfh a[majymyGJw&yf<br />

udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJh&m ArmEdkifiHpma&;q&mrsm;toif;rS OD;odef; (Z0e)? OD;xifzwf? udkwifaz (atmifvif;)? udknDnD<br />

(vif;,kefeD)? udkrsKd;jrifhwdkYu vma&muf a[majymcJhygonf/<br />

qdkAD,uf,leD,H\ pufrIvkyfief;? pdkufysKd;a&;? pmayynma&;pepf? qdkAD,uf*DwESifh ,Ofaus;rItEkynm&yf<br />

rsm;ESifh ywfoufí vufawGUavhvmcsufrsm;udk qdkAD,uf-Arm ,Ofaus;rIvJvS,fa&;toif;rS q&mOD;atmifvSESifh<br />

OD;csif;pdef (a½Tnmarmif) wdkYu a[majymaom a[majymyGJw&yfudkvnf; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; A[kokwjzpfap&ef<br />

&nf½G,fí a[majymyGJwck usif;ycJhayonf/<br />

taxGaxG<br />

wuo\ a

418<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí uGJjym;aeaom ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; wpkwpnf;wnf; jzpfay:<br />

&ef BudK;pm;rnf[k wxpfcs rSwfcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYtxd taumiftxnf razmfEdkifcJhay/ odkYaomf 'DZifbmv (21)<br />

&uf ausmif;om;aeYwGifrlum; yxrqHk;tBudrf yl;aygif;aqmif½GufEdkifcJhayonf/ wuúodkvfe,fajr½Sd ausmif;om;tzGJU<br />

tpnf;rsm;ESifhvnf; vkyfief;rSeforQvdkyif yl;wGJaqmif½GufEdkifcJh½HkrQru rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhvnf;<br />

em;vnfcspfMunfrIrsm;udk &½Sdatmif jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;twGuf cspfMunfa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&; ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;<br />

wckudk usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/ xdkyGJawmfBuD;wGif ArmEdkifiHtwGif;½Sd vlrsKd;pktoD;oD;ESifh vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHjcm;ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;ESifh vnf;aumif; ,Ofaus;rIrsm; vJvS,fEdkifcJhayonf/ cspfMunfrIrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/ þuJhodkY<br />

wuúodkvf&mZ0ifwGif r½Sdbl;aom ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;wck usif;yEdkifcJhjcif;udkrlum; wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf *kPf,l<br />

vdkayonf/ þuJhodkY *kPf,lonfhtjyif yGJawmfBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tm;ay;ulnDum vdktyfaomtultnDrsm;udk<br />

ay;cJhaom ygarmu©csKyfESifh wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUtm; vnf;aumif;? q&m? q&mrrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? yGJawmfBuD;<br />

jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wm0eftoD;oD;,lum yg0ifaqmif½GufMuaom &efukefwuúodkvf tdE´d,trsKd;om; ausmif;ol^<br />

om;rsm;toif;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf w½kwftrsKd;om; ausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;udk vnf;aumif;? ,Ofaus;rIjyyGJwGif<br />

yg0ifulnDMuaom &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd ½Srf;? u&if? ucsif? csif;? &cdkif? xm;0,f? u,m;? rGefausmif;ol? ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? tif;vsm;? oD&d (bifwef)? wDwDpD ausmif;olrsm;ESifh wuúodkvfü½SdMuaom o[m,ESifh<br />

pmzwftoif;rsm;? &efukefwuúodkvf c½dkifausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wif0rf;ajrmufonfh<br />

tjyif yGJawmfBuD;twGuf rkcftaqmuftODjzifh ulnDaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ukefonfBuD;rsm;toif;? 0g*Depf<br />

tzGJUBuD;? ulvGef; w½kwftrsKd;om;bifc&mtzGJUESifh apmif;OD;boef;? tvuFmausmfpGm a':apmjrat;MunfwdkYtm;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm; trIaqmiftzGJUu aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/<br />

ed*Hk;csKyftaeESifh þtpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyvdkonfrSm ,ckESpf wufa&mufcJhaom trIaqmiftzGJU\ aqmif½Guf<br />

cJh&aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rSm wdkawmif;cJhojzifh aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;rSm pdwfauseyfavmufatmif rjzpfcJhay/ ¤if;tjyif<br />

aqmif½Guf&mü wuo\pnf;rsOf;udk wwfEdkiforQ trIaqmiftzGJUonf vdkufemcJhMuayonf/ odkYaomf tcsKdU ae&mrsm;<br />

wGif wuopnf;rsOf;onf ppfrjzpfrDu a&;qGJxm;jcif;jzpfí ,cktcsdefwGif vufawGUusifhoHk;í r&cJhay/<br />

odkYtwGuf wuopnf;rsOf;udk jyifqifEdkif&eftwGuf BudK;yrf;oifhaMumif; tMuHay;vdkygonf/ aemifESpf<br />

rsm;wGifvnf; ,ckESpfxufapmapm <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJ usif;yEkdif&ef BudK;pm;ygrnf[k uwday;vdkaMumif;/<br />

(yHk) udkBudKif<br />

'k- Ouú|<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

aehpGJ- 7? 2? 53

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;udkudkBuD;<br />

(1952-53)<br />

jrpfBuD;em;NrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ rHk½GmNrKdUü ynmoifMum;NyD; 1946 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifoifwef;udk<br />

atmifjrifonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvuf ynmoifMum; qnf;yl;í 1945-50 ckESpfwGif wuo trIaqmif<br />

tzGJUü tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/ 1952-53 ckESpfwGif wuoOuú|tjzpf<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmojzifh ausmif;aqmif rvHkravmuf jzpfaeonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf&ef awmif;qdkí ausmif;aqmifopf (6) aqmif wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;cJh&<br />

onf/ yxrqHk;tBudrf ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk &efukefwuúodkvf ,k'oefjrufcif;ü (3) &ufwdkifwdkif usif;y<br />

onf/ c½dkifNrKdUe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm; yl;aygif;yg0if vkyfaqmifMu&m yGJawmfBuD;rSm atmifjrifvSonf/<br />

OD;udkudkBuD;onf taxGaxG xGufukef? 0ifukef ukefonfBuD;rsm;ESifh uefx½dkufvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifvsuf<br />

&efukefNrKdUwGif aexkdifvsuf½Sdonf/<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> - tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD (1952-1953)<br />

udk,k (trIaqmif) udkausmfatmif (twGif;a&;rSL;) udkbaumif; (tdka0wm0efcHt,f'Dwm) udkpdefoif;-bDat (aiGxdef;) roef;oef; (trIaqmif)<br />

udkausmfaX;(trIaqmif) udkodef;atmif(tvkyfwm0efcH)<br />

419

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1952- 1953)<br />

a½SUwef; - udkcifarmifjrifU udkwifhvGif udkBudKif udkudkBuD; udkatmifbef; udkpdefoif;-bDat udkMunfñGefh<br />

vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh ausmif;om; 'k-Ouú| Ouú| taxGxGtwGif;a&;rSL; aiGxdef; EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0ef<br />

aygif;oif;qufqHa&; oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

aemufwef; - udkbaumif; udk0if;armif udkausmf0if; udkoef;armif<br />

tdk;a0wm0efcH upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rI wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

jr§ifhwifa&;wm0efcH owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;wm0efcH<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

420

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;aumfrwD &efukefwuúodkvf (1952-1953)<br />

a½SYwef; - udkcspfNrKdif udkwifUvGif udkudkBuD; rpöwmwDau'wÅm; udkbaumif;<br />

b@ma&; upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJ Ouú| ,Ofaus;rIuyGJ tcrf;tem;jyifqifa&;<br />

qyfaumfrwDOuú| qyfaumfrwDOuú| qyfaumfrwDOuú| qyfaumfrwDOuú|<br />

aemufwef; - udkatmifrdk; udk0if;aqG udkatmifbef; rpöwmqm'g;qif; udkpdk;rif;<br />

b@ma&;qyfaumfrwD jyyGJNydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD taxGaxG ,Ofaus;rIuyGJqyfaumfrwD tcrf;tem;jyifqifa&;<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; twGif;a&;rSL; twGif;a&;rSL; twGif;a&;rSL; qyfaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

rvma&mufolrsm;- udkodef;atmif (jyyGJNydKifyGJqyfaumfrwDOuú|)? udk0if;armif (upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJqyfaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

wuo\ aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

aqmufvkyfqJausmif;aqmifopfudk a½SUrSjrif&yHk aqmufvkyfpjyKaeaomausmif;aqmif<br />

t0DpdwGif; (yk*Hausmif;aqmif;0if;twGif;) a&pif (yk*Hvrf;bufrS jrif&yHk)<br />

421

422<br />

aqmufvkyfaeaomausmif;aqmifrsm;udk urm½GwfXmebufrSjrif&yHk<br />

aqmufvkyfqJtrsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifopf<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD<br />

trdk;opf (waumif;ausmif;aqmif)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuo\ aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

ausmif;aqmifudkur®nf;xdk;xm;yHk (oxHkaqmif)<br />

NyD;qD;vkjzpfaom q&mrsm;a*[m<br />

oD&daqmifausmif;olrsm;twGuf ,m,Dxrif;pm;cef;<br />

pBuFefvrf;opf (oxHkESifUtif;0tul;)<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif jyif;xefpGmESdyfeif;cH&yHkudk oa&mfxm;onfU ausmif;om;yJGawmf umwGef;vuf&mwck<br />

423

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;yJGawmfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;<br />

rMuif&D (oD&daqmif) rpef;vGif (tif;vsm;aqmif) ppfudkif;ausmif;aqmif 'dk;ywftu "gwfyHkNydKifyGJ yxrqk (vl½kyfyHk)<br />

½kduful;ol- udkcifarmifaomif;<br />

424<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

ausmif;om;yJGawmfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1952 rS 1953 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

u,m;vlrsKd;pktu<br />

u&ifausmif;olrsm; paum0dkif;tu<br />

tdEd´,ausmif;ol\tu<br />

ynmodyHÜausmif;olawG oDqdkaeyHk<br />

tqdkNyKdifyJG0ifa&muf ,SOfNyKdifaeaom wuúodkvfMunfrm<br />

csif;trsKd;om;rsm;\ vlrsKd;pktu<br />

½Srf; udEdé&Dtu<br />

ucsifvlrsKd;pktu<br />

rvSoef;\ wyifwdkiftu<br />

csif;wGif;c½dkifausmif;om;rsm;\ tdk;pnftzJGY<br />

425

426<br />

(u) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (16)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1954 rS 1955)<br />

atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHk ausmif;ydwfxm;aom&ufrsm;ü Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMu<br />

onf/ wuotaqmuftODwGif usif;y&ef toifhawmfqHk;jzpfaomfvnf; xdktaqmuftODudk AdkvfrSL;xGef;wif\<br />

ppf&Jwyf&if; (22) rS &Jabmfrsm;ESifh 'DtufpftdkwdkYrS tydkifpD;xm;onf/ udkpdk;odrf;ESifh udktkef;armiftkyfpkrsm;onf<br />

nDvmcH txajrmufa&;twGuf tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;ESifh vufwGJBudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/ nDvmcHudk yxr Munfhjrifwdkif<br />

om"kausmif; wdkufwGif usif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf tqdkygausmif;rSm wuúodkvfESifh tenf;i,f<br />

tvSrf;a0;aeaomaMumifh 4if;ausmif;wdkufwGif usif;y&ef tpDtpOfudk ajymif;vdkuf&onf/ qufvufae&m½SmazG&m<br />

wuúodkvf &dyfomvrf; tif;vsm;uefapmif;½Sd a0VK0efausmif;wdkufwGif usif;ycGifh&onf/ ausmif;0if;½Sd Z&yfrsm;?<br />

wefaqmif;rsm; wGif e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ae&mcsxm;onf/ nDvmcHcef;rtwGuf ausmif;0if;twGif;ü<br />

ta&;ay:,m,Dr@yf xdk;&onf/ e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ausmif;0if;twGif;üyif rdrdwdkY tpDtpOft& csufjyKwf<br />

ay;&onf/ ,cktBudrf nDvmcH&m pifNydKifr½Sdacs/ oefY½Sif;wdkY\ AuorSm tiftm;vHk;yg;yg;oGm;jcif;ESifhtwl wjznf;<br />

jznf; aysmufoGm;onf/<br />

&JpHkaxmufrsm;uvnf; nDvmcHusif;y&m ausmif;ywf0ef;usifwGif 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaeonf/ 1954 ck Zefe0g&Dv<br />

(1) &ufaeYrS (3) &ufaeYtxd wwd,tBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHudk<br />

usif;ycJhonf/ nDvmcHodkY NrdKUe,faygif; (32) NrdKUe,f? c½dkifaygif; (21) c½dkifESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf? &efukefwuúodkvf?<br />

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufMuonf/ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? avhvmol<br />

rsm;ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm;onf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufvmMuonf/ nDvmcHodkY-<br />

1/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf (ArmEdkifiH)<br />

2/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;aumfrwD<br />

3/ trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; ygvDreftiftm;pk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

4/ ArmjynftrsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJU<br />

5/ jynfolUvli,f<br />

6/ ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> ½Srf;jynfajrmufydkif;<br />

8/ Armjynftvkyform;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

9/ atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;jzifh &efukefwuúodkvfrS xGufajy;wdrf;a½Smifae&aom ausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm; paom toif;tzGJUrsm; (9) zGJUxHrS o0PfvTmrsm; ay;ydkYcJhMuonf/ nDvmcHwGif trsKd;rsKd; tcuftcJ<br />

½Sd½Hkru pdwfcsat;csrf;pGm usif;yEdkifjcif;r½Sd? nDvmcH&ufwGif ausmif;om;wdkUonf tjyifxGufEdkifjcif; r½Sdyg/ w<br />

&ufwGif udktkef;armifonf udkausmfomxGef;ESifhtwl pD;u&uf tjyifxGuf0,f&m &JpHkaxmufrsm;u 0ifqGJonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; atmf[pfvIHUaqmfí &Jrsm;vufxJrS jyefqGJvk&onf/ tcsdefrD jyefvkEdkifí udktkef;armif rygoGm;cJhay/<br />

odkYaomf nDvmcHonf rnfrQBuD;rm;aom tEÅ&m,fjzpfap jzwfoef; ausmfvTm;EdkifcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&csdef ausmif;aep&dwf BuD;jrifhaecsdef ausmif;oHk;<br />

ud&d,mwefzdk;rsm; jrifhwufaecsdef ausmif;taqmuftODrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfaecsdef nDvmcHBuD;udk atmifjrifpGm<br />

usif;yEdkifcJhonfrSm ausmif;om;xktwGuf wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom qkvmbfwckyif jzpfonf/ nDvmcHwGif wufa&muf<br />

vmMuaom tNrdKUNrdKUrS ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf atmufwdkbm ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí rdrdwdkU vIyf½Sm;<br />

aqmif½GufcJhjcif;rsm; wifjyMuonf/<br />

zdESdyfolwdkYonf þwwd,tBudrfajrmuf AuotzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHtm; Munfhí xdwfvefUvmMuonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; nDñGwfaoG;pnf;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfonf/ nDñGwfjcif;jzifh tcGifhta&;rsm; awmif;qdkvmrnfudk<br />

vefYjzefYvmonf/ 4if;wdkY\ zdESdyfrIrsm;udk zGifhajymrnfudk awG;awmrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;<br />

nDvmcHudk pifNydKifoabmrsKd; usif;y&ef pdkif;jyif;vmonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHESifh<br />

wNydKifwnf; usif;yonf/ AuotzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHodkY oGm;rnfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; usif;yMuonfh 4if;wdkY\ NrdKUe,f?<br />

c½dkif zqyv Ouú|rsm; vufrSwfESifhwuG ausmif;om;rsm;udk 'Dtufpftdk nDvmcHodkY twif;vTwfonf/ aiGaMu;<br />

axmufyhHonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHtaMumif; oGm;ykyfavvGifh xkwfvTifhonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHudk ¤if;wdkU<br />

odrf;ydkufxm;onfh &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODwGif usif;yonf/ 0efBuD; OD;ausmfNidrf; udk,fwdkifvmí<br />

rdefYcGef;ay;onf/ 'Dtufpftdk udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYtm; um;BuD;? um;i,fwdkUjzifh Hotel rsm;wGif ac:í Hotel rsm;wGif<br />

{nfhcHonf/ or®wtdrfawmf? urÇmat;bk&m; ponfwdkYudk vdkufydkUay;onf/ aiGtajrmuftrsm; tukefcHí odrf;oGif;<br />

rIdif;wdkuf ay;vdkufonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHonf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;tm; zsufqD;a&;? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH<br />

tm; zsufqD;a&;rSwfwdkifwckom jzpfonf/<br />

(c) 1954-55 ckESpf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

udkcifausmf Ouú|<br />

udkxGef;az 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkcifarmiftkef;<br />

udkaZmf0if; (aemif ynma&;okawoeAsL½dk) taxGtaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udk0if;xG#f wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkxGefvIdif aiGxdef;<br />

udkvSxGef;OD; pnf;½Hk;a&;AsL½dk<br />

udkwifa½T jyefMum;a&;AsL½dk<br />

udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) oufomacsmifcsda&;AsL½dk<br />

udkausmfjrifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;AsL½dk<br />

udkatmifjrifh b@ma&;AsL½dk<br />

udkxGef;wif Xmer½Sd<br />

ausmif;xkwfcH&aom &Jabmfrsm;udk txl;trIaqmiftjzpf cefYtyfcJhygonf/<br />

427

428<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(*) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHwGif wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;<br />

(8-1) &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm (&uo)<br />

,aeY jrefrmjynfonf Armausmif;om;xk\ tusOf;axmifBuD;ozG,f jzpfavonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf<br />

pD;yGm;a&; tusyftwnf;tm; rdbjynfolwdkYESifh twl a&m,SufcHpm;ae&onf/ pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; uyfqdkuf<br />

aeojzifh atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkBuD; aygufzGm;vmonf/ wuúodkvfe,fajrrsm;wGif rD;cdk;vHk;rsm; ydwfzHk;<br />

aecsdefwGif usnfqefrsm; w½TD;½TD; jzwfoef;aecsdefwGif ppfzdeyfcGmoHrsm; jrnf[def;aepOfwGif Armjynfausmif;om;xk<br />

onf vufydkufMunfh raeEdkifawmhacs/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; ta&;onf ausmif;om;xk\ tHk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(*-2) rEåav;c½dkif (ruo) ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tpD&ifcHpm<br />

1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmta&; ay:vmonfESifhwNydKifwnf; igwdkYc½dkifOuú|eJY c½dkiftwGif;a&;rSL; tzrf;cH<br />

cJh&onf/ rMumrDrSm 'k-Ouú| zrf;qD;cH&jyefonf/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;eJY ywfoufNyD; igwdkY rEÅav;c½dkif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rSaeí Ouú|eJY twGif;a&;rSL; zrf;NyD;onfh aemufydkif;rSm tpnf;ta0;BuD; wckudk tdrfawmf&m<br />

(14) cef;Z&yfrSm atmufwdkbmv (8) &ufaeYu jyKvkyfay;NyD;-<br />

(1) atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf w&m;rQwrSefuefonfhtwGuf axmufcHaMumif;?<br />

(2) &efukefESifh rEÅav;wdkUrS w&m;rJhzrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyefvTwf&ef?<br />

(3) ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; rw&m;zrf;qD;? zdESdyfaom zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&udk ½IwfcsaMumif;?<br />

(4) &efukefwuúodkvfe,fajrw0dkufwGif xkwfjyefxm;aom yk'fr (144) tm; tjrefqHk; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&ef?<br />

þtqdk (4) csufudk csrSwfonf/<br />

igwdkYonf 'DaeYtcsdeftxd ausmif;om;vkyfief;rsm;rSm qufvufaqmif½GufqJyJ jzpfonf/ 14? 12? 53 aeY<br />

rSmqdk&if ArmwEdkifiHvHk;rSm½Sdonfh ausmif;om;tajctaeudk wifjy&if; igwdkY rEÅav;c½dkif (241) rSm 'DtajctaeawG<br />

tay: oabmxm;udk owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;wifjycJhonf/ trsKd;om;aeY? ausmif;om;aeYrsm;rSmvnf;<br />

zrf;qD;cH&onfh ausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; qHk;½IH;aeonfrsm;udk xkwfazmfawmif;qdkonfh qHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

rsm;ESifh odkufodkuf0ef;0ef; usif;yEdkifcJhonff/<br />

(*-3) jrif;jcHc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpm<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí axmufcHqE´jyaom vSnfhvnfyGJ<br />

wckudk igwdkY jrif;jcHc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;NyD; 13? 10? 53 aeYwGif usif;ycJhonf/ xdkqE´jy vSnfhvnfyGJwGif<br />

ausmif;om;axmufcHrI ryg? ausmif;e,fajrwGif zGJUpnf;jcif;r[kwf? ausmif;olwdkYtm; vufudkify0gay; pnf;½Hk;jcif;?<br />

olwdkY\ (11) OD;aom trIaqmifwGif (3) OD;rSm trIaqmifrsm; jzpfaeonfudkyif rdrdbmomrdrd rod&bJ ygwD½Hk;wGif<br />

'DtufpftdktzGJUudk ausmif;om;avmufaumifwpk zGJUpnf;cJhMuygonf/ olwdkY OD;aqmifrIudk vufcHMu&efvnf; toem;cH<br />

pmrsm; ½dkufESdyfxkwfa0cJhMuygonf/ olwdkU\ npfywfrIrsm;udk odNyD;jzpfaom ausmif;om;xku olwdkY toem;cHpmrsm;udk<br />

pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm qkwfjzJypfcJhygonf/ &JabmfwdkY 'Dtufpftdkqdkonfh 'Drdku&ufwpf ausmif;om;tzGJUtm; (Democractic<br />

Student Organization trnfrS Dirty Student Orgabization trnfodkY) jrif;jcHc½dkifausmif;om;xku<br />

ajymif;vJrSnfhac: cJhMuygonf/ þ'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;wpkonf ausmif; om;xkBuD;\ a0zefvufrcHonfh<br />

tMum;wGif rMumrD yaysmufoGm;rnf[k igwdkYc½dkif ausmif;om;xku ,HkMunfygonf/<br />

(*-4) tif;pdefc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

igwdkY tif;pdefc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk tif;pdef? wdkufBuD;? vSnf;ul;? tkwfuefNrdKUe,f vSnf;ul;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh<br />

arSmfbD? axmufMuH? avSmfum;? awmfvwD tv,fwef;ausmif;om; (243) a,muf <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tm; yg0ifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/<br />

igwdkY tif;pdefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf zdESdyfrItrsKd;rsKd;udk cHcJh&onf/ wdkufBuD;NrdKUausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS twGif;<br />

a&;rSL;? Ouú|tygt0if <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmif (6) a,muf ausmif;xkwfcH&onf/ xkwfcH&onfhtaMumif;rSm trIaqmif<br />

rsm;onf nDvmcHtwGuf pnf;½Hk;a&;rsm; aqmif½Guf&ef NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/<br />

odkYaomf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ,cktzrf;cHae&onfh udkausmfNidrf;ESifh ,ckxGufajy;wdrf;a½Smifae&aom udk,kwdkY vma&muf<br />

aqmif½Gufay;ojzifh tm;vHk;ausmif;jyefaecGifh&onf/ tif;pdefausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;NyD; tif;pdefpufrIvufrIodyÜH<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhyl;aygif;um wuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tmPmydkifwdkYu rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif;?<br />

rw&m;ausmif;xkwfjcif;? 0&rf;xkwfjcif;rsm;udk uefYuGufjcif;taejzifh pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJ jyK vkyfcJhonf/<br />

(*-5) zsmyHkc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudk axmufcHonfhtaeESifh usKdufvwfNrdKUrSwyg; usefNrdKUe,f tm;vHk;onf<br />

zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwfypfa&;? tif;0*dwfwdkufyGJwGif tpdk;&\rw&m;rI &ufpufrIudk uefYuGufaom<br />

taeESifh qE´jyyGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ onftcsdefrSmyJ usKdufvwfESifh zsmyHkNrdKUe,frsm;rS 'DtufpftdktzGJUrsm; ay:vmonf/<br />

umuG,fa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;? zqyv qdk½S,fvpfwdkY\ om;orD;rsm; yg0ifMuonf/ tcsKdUausmif;om;awGu rvkyfcsif<br />

bJESifh rdb'ku©a&mufrSmpdk;í 0ifvkyfMu&onf/ 'gayr,fh ausmif;om;xktrsm;pkuawmh 'Dtufpftdkudk vufrcHMuay/<br />

429

430<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(*-6) a';'&JNrdKYe,fausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdkqE´jyrIrsm;aMumifh wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm; a&ydkuf? rsuf&nf,dkAHk;udk toHk;jyK½Hkru aoewfESifhypf? ½dkufESufzrf;qD;jcif;wdkUudk igwdkU<br />

a';'&JNrdKUe,f ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>u ½Iwfcsí wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;wvydwfa&; awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

onf w&m;rQwí axmufcHaMumif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;udk wzufowf tMurf;zufESdrfESif;jcif;udk ½IwfcsonfhtaeESifh<br />

zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf&efESifh aemufxyfrzrf;qD;&ef (3) &ufwdwd qE´jycJhMu ygonf/<br />

(*-7) bdkuav;NrdKYe,f ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

wuúodkvf ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk axmufcHonfhtaeESifh atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYwGif igwdkY bdkuav;<br />

NrdKUe,f ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUrS qE´jyyGJw&yf usif;ycJhonf/ þqE´jyyGJudk tcuftcJ trsKd;trsKd;Mum;rS<br />

ausmif;om;xk (500) cefYrQESifh usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ zqyvwdkUonf igwdkY\ qE´jyrnfh taMumif;odojzifh ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>onf oydwfarSmufawmhrnf[k owif;vTifhNyD; ausmif;om;? rdb? q&m? pHkaxmuft&m½Sdrsm;ESifh enf;trsKd;rsKd;<br />

oHk;NyD; aESmifh,SufcJhMuonf/ aemufqHk; zqyv acgif;aqmifrsm; rsufESmajymifwdkufNyD; vkyfcJhaom zsufqD;rIrsm;<br />

rxda&mufcJhay/ igwdkU ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf þtcuftcJrsm;aMumifh wGefUqkwfjcif; r½SdbJ txufwef;ausmif;a½SUü<br />

crf;em;pGm qE´jyEdkifcJhayonf/ wuúodkvf ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rItm; trIaqmif? twef;trIaqmifrsm;rSwqifh<br />

tjzpfrSefudk ausmif;om;xkESifh NrdKUrd? NrdKUzwdkUtm; ½Sif;vif; azmfjyEdkifcJhonf/<br />

(*-8) jynfc½kdifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tpD&ifcHpm<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;wvydwfa&;? rydwfa&;[m igwdkU jynfNrdKUudk *,uf½dkufvmonf/ þuJhodkY *,uf½dkuf<br />

vmonfhtcgrSm igwdkUonf NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifeJU nDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk (5? 10? 53) &ufaeY rSm ac:,lNyD;<br />

(1) ausmif;wvydwfa&; rSefuefí axmufcHjcif;<br />

(2) ausmif;wGif; wuúodkvfta&; tpnf;ta0; rvkyf&qdkaom tpdk;&\ yk'fr (144) trdefYudk½IwfcsaMumif;?<br />

csufjcif;zsufodrf;ay;&ef awmif;qdkaMumif; tqdkudk wifoGif; qHk;jzwfMuonf/<br />

jynfNrdKU ygvDreftrwf EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme OD;vSarmif[m igwdkY<strong>or*¾</strong>udk ac:,lNyD; olUtdrfrSmwzufu Ncdrf;<br />

ajcmuf? wzufu vufbuf&nf? rkefY? pD;u&ufwdkuf acsmhjr§LNyD; aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfvmonf/ odkYaomf igwdkUonf<br />

rwkefvIyfbJ jyefvSefar;cGef;rsm; xkwfEdkifcJhonf/ igwdkU\ pnf;½Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh igwdkYjynfc½dkiftwGif;rSm½Sdonfh<br />

NrdKUe,frsm;udk 'Dtufpftdkac:onfh ausmif;om;opömazmufrsm; r0ifa&mufEdkifcJhay/ 'gwGifruao;bJ atmufwdkbmv<br />

'kwd,ywfxJwGif igwdkUNrdKU bk&ifh½HkBuD;rSm zqyvawG OD;pD;NyD; olwdkUvufatmufcH qefpufaygif;pHktvkyform;tzGJUwdkU?<br />

{&m0wD or0g,r tvkyform;wdkU? aps;ESifh jrLeDpDy,ftvkyform;rsm;yg ac:NyD; olwdkUMoZmcH NrdKUvlBuD;wcsKdUESifh<br />

]]ausmif;om;rdbtoif;}} qdkNyD; olwdkUtwGif;u vlwa,mufu Ouú|utp trIaqmifrsm;tqHk; pm½Guf w½Gufay:rSm<br />

a&;xm;wmawGudk zwfjywifoGif;NyD; bmrS rar;awmhbJ twnfjyKoGm;onf/ aemufxyf ausmif;wvydwfa&;?<br />

uGefjrLepf ausmif;om;ta&; raxmufcHbl;[k qHk;jzwfMuonf/ (15) &ufydwfa&;udk axmufcHMuonf/ odkYaomf<br />

NrdKUay:u ausmif;om;rsm; ? rdbrsm;yg igwdkY BudKwif ½Sif;vif;xm;cJhEdkifvdkU tMuHratmifbJ bmrS vIyfvIyf½Sm;½Sm;<br />

rjzpfcJhbJ ¤if;wdkUom tlaMumifaMumif jzpfoGm;cJhonf/<br />

(*-9) o&ufc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

wuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí owif;pmrsm;rS wqifh awGUMuHK cJh&onf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;ta&;onf rSefuefonf[k ,lqum axmufcHonfhtaeESifh ausmif;w&ufrwufbJ<br />

qE´jyMu&ef vkyfaqmifEdkifcJhonf/ þwGif ykvdyftzGJUESifh zqyvygwDwdkY c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>\ ajcvSrf;udk apmifhMunfhvm<br />

Muonf/ c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>\ pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIudk NzdKcGJ&ef enf;vrf;&Smí Ncdrf;ajcmuf wcg? aiGay; acsmhjrL wvSnfhjzifh<br />

¤if;wdkY npfywfcJhMuaomfvnf; c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>\ nDñGwfa&;rSm MuHUMuHUcdkifcdkif wnfjrJcJhonf/<br />

(*-10) rauG;c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

igwdkU rauG;c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudk jyif;jyif;xefxef<br />

axmufcHcJhMuonf/ igwdkU rauG;NrdKUrSm atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; rauG;NrdKU vli,f pmMunfhwdkuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh NrdKUvlBuD;rsm;udk zdwfac: ½Sif;jyNyD; axmufcHcJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk rzrf;&ef? zrf;xm;ol<br />

rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvTwf&ef? ausmif;xkwfxm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefcGifhay;&ef ponfhtqdkrsm;<br />

wifoGif;qHk;jzwfNyD;? oufqdkif&m Xmersm;udk ydkUcJhonff/<br />

(*-11) rHk&GmNrdKYrausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

(4? 12? 53) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJusif;yum?<br />

(1) udkaZmfrif;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwf&ef?<br />

(2) wuúodkvfta&;ESifhywfoufí zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwf&ef?<br />

(3) wuúodkvfta&;ESifh ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;udk ausmif;jyefoGif;&ef?<br />

(4) ausmif;om;xktay:wGif zdESdyfrIrsm;udk ½IwfcsaMumif;udk qHk;jzwfNyD; vSnfhvnf qE´jyMuayonf/<br />

'DZifbmv (4) &uf ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJwGif 'Dtufpftdkrsm; vdkufvHaESmuf,Sufojzifh ausmif;om;<br />

xkBuD;u rcH&yfEdkifjzpfum 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk cJESifhayguf armif;xkwfaomaMumifh xdef;odrf;Mu&onf/<br />

(*-12) armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

Edk0ifbmv (1) &ufaeY aeUpGJyg tmPmydkifwdkU\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf w&yfu ausmif;om;xk vGwfvyfpGm<br />

pnf;½Hk;ajymqdkcGifh r&oavmuf csKyfcs,fxm;ygonf/ (Oyrm -<strong>or*¾</strong>udk rSwfyHkwifcdkif;jcif;? tcef;wGif;ü (4) em&DvGefu<br />

a[majympnf;½Hk;cGifhrjyK? rSwfyHkrwifxm;aom toif;tzGJUrsm;onf ausmif;0if;wGif; tpnf;ta0;vkyfcGifhr½Sd/) odkY<br />

jzpfaomaMumifh armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>taeESifhf aemufxyfajcvSrf; rwdk;EdkifcJhay/ ESpfOD;rS<br />

a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufaom trIaqmifwcsKdUrSm atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí (7) &ufrQ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif<br />

cHcJh&onf/ þtajctaeudk tcGifhaumif;,lí &efukef'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyf 'DtufpftdkrS pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL;rsm;udk<br />

tvsiftjref apvTwfum 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk zGJUpnf;vdkuf\/ odkYaomf 'DtufpftdktzGJUrSm ajymyavmufatmif tiftm;<br />

r½Sday/<br />

(*-13) yJcl;c½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;ta&; ray:rD c½dkiftwGif;½Sd e,frsm;\ qufqHrIrSm avsmhwdavsmh&Jyif jzpfygonf/<br />

tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;½Sdaom NrdKUe,frsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkU e,fy,f½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;Edkif&ef tjcm;ta&;<br />

udpörsm; pwifvkyfaqmifae&ojzifh wNrdKUe,fESifh wNrdKUe,f qufqHa&;rSm nhHzsif;cJhygonf/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;<br />

ta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvmaom tcsdefwGif e,f½Sd ausmif;om;xkrSm wuf

432<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(*-15) [oFmwc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí 'Drdkua&pD pnf;0dkif;twGif;wGif<br />

pnf;urf;ao0yfpGm qE´jyaeonfh ausmif;om;xkudk rw&m;zdESdyfzrf;qD;jcif;? aoewfESifh ypfjcif;paom zufqpfqefqef<br />

jyKrlaom tpdk;&tm; ½IwfcsaomtaeESifh vnf;aumif;? zrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh 'Pf&mxdcdkufcH&aom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk u½kPmoufaMumif; xkwfazmfjyo&eftwGuf vnf;aumif; atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYwGif<br />

NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;um ausmif; (3) ausmif;wGif qE´jyoydwfw&ufudk wNydKifwnf; arSmufcJhMuonf/ jrefatmif?<br />

MuHcif;NrdKUrsm;wGif 'DtufpftdkzGJUpnf;a&;twGuf 0efBuD;OD;xGef;0if;? ocifcspfarmifwdkU a&mufcJhpOfu 'DtufpftdkzGJUpnf;&ef<br />

jyKvkyfMuonfudk 'Dtufpftdk rzGJUpnf;vdkaMumif;? ausmufcJrsm;? oHyHk;rsm;wD;í tpnf;ta0;cef;rS armif;xkwfcJhMuonf/<br />

t*FylNrdKUwGifvnf; xdkuJhodkYyif pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL; udkxGef;vGiftm; oHyHk;wD;í armif;xkwfvdkufMuonf/ ZvGefNrdKUwGif<br />

ygvDreftrwfESifh qdk½S,fvpfrsm;u ausmif;q&mrsm;tm; 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk tmPmoHk;í twif;zGJUaponfudk<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u rzGJUcJhay/ odkYESifh ygvDreftrwfrsm;u 'Dtufpftdkw&m;a[mNyD; 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk tmPmoHk;í<br />

twif;zGJUaponfudk ausmif;om;rsm;u rzGJUcJhay/ odkUESifh ygvDreftrwfrsm;u 'Dtufpftdkw&m;a[mNyD; 'Dtufpftdk<br />

zGJUvdku rwfwyf&yf&ef ausmif;om;rsm;tm;ajym&m wOD;wa,mufrQ r&yfbJ xdkifaeonfudk awGU&onf/ xdkYaemuf<br />

ausmif;om;xkonf ]'Dtufpftdk tvdkr½Sd} [laom a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

cH&onf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;xkonf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm usif;yNyD; 'Drdkua&pDynma&;? wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;rS<br />

ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;jyefoGif;a&; tqdkrsm;udk wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/<br />

(*-18) xm;0,fc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

&JabmfwdkY wuúodkvfrsm; atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkudk axmufcH&efESifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;wdkifMum;&ef<br />

aMunmpmwrf;rsm; yHkESdyfwdkufodkY oGm;a&muf ½dkufESdyfaomfvnf; tmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfrIudk aMumuf½GHUojzifh b,fyHk<br />

ESdyfwdkufrS ½dkufray;&JMubl;? 'gaMumifh trsKd;rsKd;BudK;pm;vdkYr&awmh aemufqHk; owif;pmrsm;toif;udk oGm;NyD; ausmif;<br />

om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u vwfwavm ay:aygufaewJh Armjynfausmif;om;ta&;udk ½Sif;vif;wifjy wkdifwef;vdkuf<br />

Muonf/ zqyv r@dKifowif;pmu 'Dudpöudk r[kwfrw&m;rsm;udk vkyfMuHa&;cJhonff/<br />

þodkYjzifh wwd,tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHwGif jynfe,fESifh c½dkif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf<br />

ausmif;om;xk\ tHk

434<br />

odkh<br />

aumifpDvlBuD;rif;rsm;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

cifAsm;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm;<br />

av;pm;pGmyefMum;tyfygonf/ 1953 atmufwdkbm ausmif;wpfvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí uRefawmfrsm;tm;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif; cHcJh&ygonf/<br />

1953 atmufwdkbm ausmif;wpfvydwfa&;udk uRefawmfrsm;tygt0if &efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf½Sd ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk; vIdufvSJpGm vdkvm;Muygonf/ þodkYvdkvm;<br />

cJhMuonfhtwdkif; atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk Nidrf;csrf;pGmqE´jy awmif;qdkcJhMuygonf/ þodkY qE´jy<br />

awmif;qdk&mwGif uRefawmfrsm;onf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;rSm ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;tusKd;ESifh<br />

vdktifqE´jzpfonf[k ½dk;om;pGm ,HkMunfMuí yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkdodkY aqmif½GufcJhonfhtwGuf<br />

ausmif;om;trsm;yif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;? ausmif;xkwfjcif;ESifh 0&rf;xkwfjcif; wdkYudk cHcJh&ygonf/<br />

1953 atmufwdkbmvrS ,cktcsdeftxd uRefawmfrsm;\ epfemqHk;½IH;csufrsm;udk vlBuD;rif;rsm; pOf;pm;Edkif<br />

&ef tusOf;csHK;í wifjyvdkygonf/ uRefawmfrsm;onf wuúodkvfynmudk qufvuf oifMum;vdkaomfvnf; &mouf<br />

yef ausmif;xkwfjcif; cHae&onfhtwGuf qufvuf ynmoifcGifhr&cJhjcif;? oufqdkif&mrS zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;<br />

udk wESpf? wESpfcGJausmfrQ cHcJhMu&jcif;/<br />

þodkY csKyfaESmifxm;pOftwGif; qdkif&mowif;axmufvSrf;a&;XmecGJESifh &efukef? rEÅav; pHkaxmufXmerS<br />

(Mental Torture) ac: (24) em&DywfvHk; rtdyfrae ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;wnf;[laom n§Of;yef;rIrsm;udk cHcJhMu<br />

&jcif;? axmiftwGif;üvnf; omref&mZ0wf tusOf;om;avmufyif vGwfvyfcGifhr½SdbJ? pdwf"gwfysufjym;ap&ef<br />

twGuf wOD;ESifhwOD; awGUqHkcGifhray;bJ oD;jcm;cGJxm;rIcH&jcif;? þodkY zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcH&pOftwGif; ausmif;<br />

om;tcsKdUrSm rdbESpfyg;pvHk; uG,fvGefoGm;cJh&jcif;[laom aMuuGJzG,f&m tjzpftysufrsm;ESifh MuHKawGUcJh&jcif;?<br />

tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;rSm 0&rf;xkwfjcif; cH&onfhtwGuf ykef;a½SmifíaeMu&NyD; tcsKdUrSm xyfrHzrf;qD;jcif;cHMu<br />

&onf/ tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;rSm ausmif;xkwfcHae&pOftwGif; t&nftcsif;tvdkuf tvkyf½SmazG&m XmetcsKdUrS<br />

rodí vufcHrdvQifvnf; ausmif;xkwfcH&rSef; odvQifodjcif; csufjcif;tvkyfrS xkwfypfcH&onf/<br />

aumif;uif ajrwdkif;Xme½Sd ajrESifh pdkufysKd;a&;pDrHudef;aumfr½Sif vufatmufwGif vufaxmuf "gwfyHk<br />

zwf½Ia&; t&m½Sdtjzpf vkyf&ol udkvSxGef;atmif (&moufyefxkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;)? tdrf,maqmufvkyfa&;<br />

bkwftzGJUwGif txufwef;pma&;tjzpf vkyfaeol udkwifatmif (&moufyef xkwfcH&ausmif;om;)? aumufyJoD;ESH<br />

a&mif;0,fa&;bkwftzGJUwGif ti,fwef; trIaqmift&m½Sdtjzpf vkyfaeol udkjrwfpH (wESpfxkwfcH&ol) wdkYtm;<br />

taMumif;wpHkw&mrjybJ tvkyfrS xkwfypfvdkufonf/<br />

txufazmfjyyg uRefawmfrsm;\ epfemqHk;½IH;rIrsm;udk vlBuD;rif;rsm;od½Sdygu uRefawmfrsm;tay:wGif<br />

axmufxm; pmemn§mwmpGm pOf;pm;í ausmif;jyef0ifa&mufEdkifa&;udk tjrefqHk; pDpOfaqmif½Gufay;vdkMuvdrfhrnf[k<br />

rsm;pGm,HkMunfarQmfvifh tm;xm;vsuf ½Sdygonf/<br />

uRefawmfrsm;onf ynmoifcsdeft½G,f ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfNyD; wuúodkvfynmudk qufvufoifMum;<br />

&ef rsm;pGmvdkvm;awmifhwvsuf ½Sdolrsm; jzpfygonf/<br />

uRefawmfrsm;\ ynmoifMum;rIudk Mum½Snfav;jrifhpGm ½kyfodrf;xm;rnfqdkygu uRefawmfrsm;\ b0wck<br />

vHk; qHk;½IH;tñGefYwHk;atmif jyKvkyfouJhodkY rESpfNrdKUzG,ftjzpfrsKd;udk vlBuD;rif;rsm; vdkvm;Murnfr[kwf[k uRefawmf<br />

rsm; ,HkMunfygonf/ odkYygí uRefawmfrsm;tm; tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefvnf 0ifa&mufEdkifa&;twGuf pDpOfaqmif½Guf<br />

ay;ygrnfhtaMumif; av;jrwfpGm yefMum;tyfygonf cifAsm;/<br />

ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aqmif½GufrIaumfrwD<br />

wuo taqmuftOD? &efukefwuúodkvf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(i) &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; wyfOD;<br />

1953-54 ckESpf wESpfvHk;wGif wuoa½G;aumufyGJysufjcif;? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHk<br />

ay:aygufvmjcif; ponfwdkYjzifh tqdkyg wESpfvHk;onf wdkufyGJumv jzpfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk<br />

ausmif;xkwfonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;onf? pnf;urf;awG trsKd;rsKd;owfrSwfonf? odkYaomf ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIonf<br />

cg;jywfoGm;jcif;r½Sd/ oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifESifh ausmif;om;xkMum;wGif wif;rmvsuf ½Sdonf/ xdkynmoifESpf tjzpft<br />

ysufrsm;t& qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,folrsm;tjzpf ausmif;om;rsm;u jrifonf/<br />

xdkwESpfvHk; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> r½Sdjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkudk w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyKEdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;r½Sd<br />

ouJhodkYjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xktwGuf rsm;pGmepfemaponf/ xdkYaMumifh &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk<br />

pka0;um ]<strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD} udk zGJUpnf;í ta&;qdkcJh&onf/ ausmif;tmPmydkifrsm;onf wuo a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

usif;y&ef pOf;pm;ay;cJh&onf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifcJholrsm;ESifh ucsif? u&if? csif;? ½Srf;? &cdkifpaom<br />

wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkrsm; pkaygif;aqG;aEG;n§dEIdif;um ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; (Student United Front) atmifjrifpGm<br />

zGJUpnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pkESifh wdkif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm; pkaygif;zGJUpnf;cJhjcif;<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

yxrqHk; zGJUpnf;cJhaom ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;wGif aumifpD0if (46) OD; ESifh atmufygtrIaqmif<br />

tzGJUudk a½G;cs,fcJhonf/<br />

udkcifarmif Ouú|<br />

'*Hkaqmif 'k-Ouú|<br />

awmifilaqmif<br />

udkcifarmiftkef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkvSxGef;OD; (tif;pdef) aiGxdef;<br />

rpöwmeefZifvm (ucsif) tzGJU0if<br />

udkvSaz (&cdkif? OD;wifhaZmf) tzGJU0if<br />

udkarmufZif (½Srf;) tzGJU0if<br />

udkapmodef;a½T(u&if) tzGJU0if<br />

udkaZmf0if; tzGJU0if<br />

udkbkef;vIdif tzGJU0if<br />

udkaX;rif; tzGJU0if<br />

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;taeESifh atmufyg0g' (3) &yfudk csrSwfcJhonf/<br />

3/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0<br />

om,majzmifh jzL;a&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvkdaom ausmif;<br />

om;tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;qufqH<br />

a&;/<br />

wyfOD;onf xkduJhodkY wdusaom0g' (3) &yfcsrSwfum wuoa&G;aumufyGJtwGuf pnf;½Hk; jyifqifcJhonf/<br />

oefY½Sif;aom ausmif;om;xkuvnf; ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;twGuf zdwfac:aqmif½GufrIrsm; ½SdcJhonf/<br />

435

436<br />

rS<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

oefh½Sif;aomausmif;om;xk<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

odkh<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

1/ 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;tzGJY?<br />

2/ wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk? &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

&Jabmfwdkh-<br />

,aeY ausmif;om;avmuBuD; wckvHk;udkjcHKí tjyKoabmjzifh aocsmpGm a0zefqef;ppfMunfhrnfqdkvQif<br />

&JabmfwdkYESifhwuG ausmif;ol^om;wdkif; rjiif;qefEdkifawmhay/ atmufygtcsufrsm;udk awGU&ayvdrfhrnf/<br />

¤if;tcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

1/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;cGJrI/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;xk wu,f vdkvm;í &oifh&xkdufaom tusKd;tcGifhrsm; qHk;½IH;aejcif;/<br />

3/ vuf½Sd ausmif;om;avmu\ ½IyfaxG;ayGvDvSaom tajctaeqdk;rsm;aMumifh jynfolwdkY\ txifao;rI<br />

cH,lae&onf/<br />

4/ ,cktcsdefxd ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkY\ aexkdifrI? ynmoifMum;rIwdkYESifh ywfoufonfh qHk;½IH;ae<br />

aom tusKd;tcGifhrsm;udk xdxda&mufa&muf rnfonfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;urS aqmif½Gufí taumiftxnf<br />

razmfEdkifao;jcif;wdkYyif jzpf\/<br />

txufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;udk tus,fw0ifU tao;pdwf ½Sif;vif;azmfjy&rnfqdkvQif-<br />

1/ / a½S;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;avmuBuD;onf xif½Sm;cJhaom &if;ESD;rIrsm;? wOD;ESifhwOD; nD&if;tpfudk armifESr<br />

rsm;uJhodkU cspfcifav;pm;cJhaom t&dyfta&mifrsm;udk ,aeYuREkfyfwdkY\ ppfNyD;wuúodkvf&mZ0ifwGif ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; ygwD0g'? *dkPf;*P pdwfxm;uGJjym;rIaMumifh qdwfokOf;ysufjyKef;cJh&onf/ 1947 ckESpfrSpí<br />

uGefjrLepf0g'\ wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIudk vdkvm;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkESifh qdk½S,fvpf0g'\ tajccdkifBuD;rm;rIudk<br />

jzpfxGef;apvdkaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;wdkYonf wzGJUESifhwzGJU wuúodkvfausmif;om;tcsif;csif;[laom owd<br />

w&m; vGwfuif;aeNyD;vQif rdrdwdkY ,HkMunfrItoD;oD;wdkU\ qGJaqmif&modkYvdkufygí wzufESifhwzuf tjyKwfwdkuf<br />

aeMuonfrSm ,aeYwdkifyif jzpfawmhonf/ þuJhodkY ½Snfvsm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;wGif &JabmfwdkY toif;tzGJU<br />

tcsif;csif; aoG;uGJwdkufcdkufrIrsm; umuG,fxdef;odrf;&ef tvdkYiSm uREkfyfwdkY oefU½Sif;aomausmif;om;xkonf<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tmPmudk 0ifa&muf&,ljcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? &JabmfwdkY\ tjzpftrSefudk ausmif;<br />

om;xktm; wifjyjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; ajz½Sif;cJh&awmhonf/ oefY½Sif;aomausmif;om;xk\ jyKrlaqmif½GufrIonf<br />

atmifjrifaomtpdwftydkif;odkY a&muf½SSdcJhovdk? ratmifjrifbJ qHk;½IH;jcif;ESifhvnf; &ifqdkifcJh&onf/ odkYwap 'DaeY?<br />

'Dtcsdef? 'DumvrSmqdkvQif 'DtufpftdkESifh wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk (ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,frI<br />

aumfrwD) tzGJUwdkYonf wzGJUESifhwzGJU rMunfhEdkifavmufonftxd usD;ESifhcifbkwf iSufyrm jzpfaeawmhonfrSm<br />

xif½Sm;vSayawmhonf/<br />

2/ / ausmif;om;rsm; wu,fvdkvm;aom ynma&;qdkif&m jyóemt&yf&yfrsm;udk &JabmfwdkY (2) zGJUpvHk;u<br />

wpmpm [pfatmfa

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

avmuonf txufyg tpdwftydkif;\ NidKjiifrI? txiftjrifao;rIrsm; cHpm;ae&onfrSm trsm;todyif jzpfawmh<br />

\/ odkYjzpf&jcif;rSm &JabmfwdkYtcsif;csif; aoG;uGJrIrsm;? ausmif;om;xk\tusKd;xuf rdrdwdkY,HkMunf&m0g' tusKd;<br />

jzpfxGef;rIudk a½SU½IvkyfudkifrIrsm;aMumifhyif jzpfawmh\/<br />

4/ / ,aeY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;w&yfvHk;twGuf wu,fta&;BuD;aom jyóemESifhvdkvm;rIrsm; ay:<br />

aygufaeaomfvnf; wdkifwdkifyifyif &if;&if;ESD;ESD;ESD;aESmí ajz½Sif;ay;EdkifrnfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm; uif;rJhae&um ausmif;<br />

om;xkw&yfvHk;rSm trdrJhom;? a&enf;ig;yrm jzpfaeawmhonf/<br />

txufyg rESpfNrdKUzG,f jyóemrsm; ajyvnfap&efrSm ausmif;om;tpdwftydkif;trsKd;rsKd; udk,fpm;jyKí<br />

ausmif;om;xkvdkvm;rIrsm;udk wu,fwef; av;pm;pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmjzifh ajz&Sif;ay;rnfh toif;tzGJUBuD;rsm;?<br />

tcsif;csif; nDñGwfpGmjzifh rSefuefaom oabmw&m;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnfí cdkifcdkifrmrm nDnDñGwfñGwf zGJUpnf;xm;<br />

onfh wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD;BuD; ay:aygufxGef;um;vma&;yif jzpfonf/<br />

þuJhodkY wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD; ay:vmjcif;onf -<br />

1/ EdkifiHa&; taoG;ta&mifrsm;aMumifh ay:aygufaom aoG;uGJrIrsm;?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;^olrsm; ,aeUtvl;tvJ cHpm;ae&aom jyóemtcuftcJrsm;?<br />

3/ ausmif;om;^olw&yfvHk;ay:wGif wdkif;jynfu xm;½Sdaom txifao;rIrsm;?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;^olwdkY &xkdufaom tusKd;tcGifhrsm;udk aphpyf? ajz½Sif;? jr§ifhwif? ajrawmifajr§mufí<br />

om,maom wuúodkvfausmif;om;avmuBuD;udk zefwD;wnfaxmif taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnfudk<br />

um; rnfolrQ jiif;qdkvdrfhrnfr[kwf/<br />

þuJhodkY vuf½Sdtajctaeu awmif;cHonfh vdkvm;rIrsm;udk ajz½Sif;ay;rnfh wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;<br />

wyfOD; ay:aygufvmzdkYtwGuf atmufyg tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnf&ayvdrfhrnf/<br />

(u) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;/<br />

(c) ausmif;om;^olwdkY\ jyóemt&yf&yfrsm;udk ausmif;om;xk\ qE´t&omvQif ajz½Sif;vkyf<br />

aqmifa&;/<br />

(*) ausmif;om;^olwdkY\ ta&;tcif;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;&mwGif rdrdouf0if,HkMunfaom EdkifiHa&;0g'a&;&m<br />

rsm;? vHk;0rpGufzuf? ryg0ifapa&;/<br />

(C) rnfonfh jyóemrsm;rqdk w&m;Oya'abmiftwGif;rS tjyKoabmjzifh at;Nidrf;onfh enf;oufouf<br />

jzifh vkyfaqmifa&;/<br />

txufwifjyyg tcsufBuD; (4) csufay:wGif rlwnfí ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom<br />

'ku©tzHkzHkwdkYrS uif;vGwfa&;twGuf &JabmfwdkY\ pdwfxJ0,f ausmif;om;xktay:wGif xm;½Sdaomapwemonf<br />

b,mtwGufr[kwf/ o'¨gtwGufomjzpfygu wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD;BuD;udk zGJUpnf;&ef uREkfyfwdkY<br />

oefY½Sif;aomausmif;om;xkESifhtwl yl;aygif; aqG;aEG;aqmif½GufMuap&ef uREkfyfwdk Yu av;pm;pGm zdwfac:tyfygaMumif;/<br />

cifaqG<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

oefh½Sif;aomausmif;om;xk<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

xdkacwfumvu ausmif;om;tajctaersm;udk jyefMunfhvQif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf*syef<br />

awmfvSefa&;? vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifcJhaom ausmif;om;wdkY\ tcef;u@rSm vGwfvyfa&; &NyD;onfhaemuf<br />

jynfwGif;ppf vdIif;wHydk;Mum;wGif tiftm;NydKifqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum;ü ausmif;om;trsm;onfvnf;<br />

tkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;uGJum tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;om;wdkufyGJyHkpH jzpfvmonf/ vuf½SdtkyfcsKyfaeaom zqyvtpdk;&onf e,fcsJU<br />

tpdk;&ae&modkY a&muf½SdoGm;NyD; ausmif;om;wdkYonf twdkuftcHtiftm;pk\ yHkpHrsKd; jzpfoGm;onf/ 'Drdkua&pD ppfrSefaom<br />

tpdk;&w&yfjzpfcJhvQif ausmif;om;xkESifh tpdk;&Mum;wGif jzpfay:aom jyóemrsm;udk at;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;ay;Edkifrnfjzpf<br />

onf/ odkYaomf zqyvtpdk;&onf ¤if;tpdk;&tzGJUwGif yg0ifaom 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek? 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidrf;? 0efBuD;OD;&m½SpfwdkY<br />

437

438<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

onf wcsdefu ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfcJhNyD; e,fcsJUtpdk;&\ zdESdyfrIrsm;udk qefYusifawmfvSefcJhMu<br />

aomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkif tpdk;&jzpfaomtcg ausmif;om;xku ¤if;wdkYtrSm;rsm;udk a0zefaxmufjy qefYusifMuaom<br />

tcgwGif e,fcsJUtpdk;&xuf ydkrdkqdk;0g;aom zdESdyfrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdktjzpftysufudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh pOf;pm;p&m<br />

(2) ck jzpfvmonf/ ,aeYvuf½Sd ausmif;om;xkonf aemiftcsdefwGif tpdk;&tzGJUwGif 0efBuD;rsm;jzpfvmaom tcgü<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;udpörsm;udk ¤if;wdkY rnfodkY ajz½Sif;Murnfenf;/ vuf½Sdzqyvtpdk;& ajz½Sif;ouJhodkY ajz½Sif;rnf<br />

qdkvQif ]'DykyfxJu 'DyJ} omjzpfrnf/ ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm rdbjynfolwdkY\ rw&m;zdESdyfcH&rI? pD;yGm;a&; tusyftwnf;<br />

rajyvnfrIrsm;ay:wGif ¤if;wdkYxH wdkuf½dkufoufa&mufNyD; rauseyfrIrsm; yGifhtHxGufvmwwfonf/ xdkrauseyfrIrsm;<br />

rSwqifh qE´jyyGJrsm;? oydwfarSmufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmNyD; t½Sdefjrifhvmaomtcg vlxkyg0ifvmMuum wdkufyGJt½Sdef<br />

wjznf;jznf;jrifhvmNyD; ta&;awmfyHktoGifodkY ul;ajymif;um ausmif;om;wdkYonf wyfOD;ae&mrS wjznf;jznf;aemufodkY<br />

a&mufoGm;NyD; awmfvSefa&;orm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u acgif;aqmifrIae&m a&muf½Sdvmonfudk (1300) jynfhta&;<br />

awmfyHkwdkYu oufaocHaeonf/<br />

ta&;awmfyHkumv MumjrifhvmaomtcgwGif vdr®m,Ofaus;ygonfqdkaom EdkifiHBuD;om;yDoygonfqdkaom<br />

'Drdkua&pDjynfh0ygonfqdkaom EdkifiHBuD;rsm;wGifawmifrS qlyltMurf;zuf vk,ufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmayonf/ xdktcg<br />

ta&;awmfyHkrS ta&;tcif;tjzpfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;avonf/ ta&;tcif;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;&jcif;rSm yg0ifaom<br />

vlwef;pm;tvTmrsm;\ tawGUtMuHK &ifhusufrIr½Sdjcif;? jyifqifrItm;enf;jcif;? qefYusifcH&aom tpdk;&\ aoG;cGJrIrsm;?<br />

yÍörHwyfom;rsm;aMumifhvnf; yg0ifonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap ta&;awmfyHkESifh ta&;tcif;wdkY uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm od½SdNyD;<br />

ta&;awmfyHkwckudk atmifjrifpGm qifETJEdkif&eftwGuf tzufzufrS BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; rsm;pGmvkdtyfayonf/<br />

ed*Hk;csKyf&vQif tpdk;&w&yfonf vlxk\tusKd;pD;yGm;udk jynfhpHkrSefuefpGm razmfaqmifEdkifao;ygu vlxktoH<br />

onf ausmif;om;xkxHrS yGifhtefxGufvmayrnf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIESifh vlxkvIyf½Sm;rIonf jynfolwdkY\<br />

pm;0wfaea&; ajyvnfrIay:wGif rSDaeonf/ odkYaomf xdktcsufrSm tpdwftydkif; wckomvQif jzpfonf/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh<br />

vlUtcGifhta&; jynfh0rIESifhvnf; rsm;pGmoufqdkif aeayonf/ tpdk;&w&yfu ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlUtcGifhta&;<br />

jynfh0rIudk azmfaqmifEdkifygu ¤if;wdkYudk qefYusifa0zefwdkufcdkufrIrsm; wjznf;jznf;avsmhenf; oGm;Edkifonf/ ausmif;<br />

om;xkbufuvnf; tESpfrygaom vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;udk azmfaqmifay;rnfh vuf½Sdtpdk;& arG;jrLxm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

\ vkyfaqmifrIudk owdxm;&ef vdktyfayonf/ tpdk;&wdkif;onf wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif ¤if;wdkY\ vl,Hkrsm;arG;<br />

onfrSm tpOftqufyifjzpfonf/ wcgw&H ESpf½Snfvrsm; tkyfcsKyfvdkaom tpdk;&onf taMumif;jycsuf &½Sd&eftwGuf<br />

jynfwGif; rNidrfoufrIrsm;udk zefwD;avh½Sdonf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;ü ¤if;wdkYarG;jrLxm;aom vl,Hk<br />

rsm;rSwqifh vnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkY\ vufudkifwkwf tmPmydkif? ykvdyf? ppfwyf? &JwdkYudk toHk;jyKí vnf;aumif;<br />

rNidrfoufap&ef zefwD;avh½Sdonf/ xdkrNidrfoufrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyí vuf½Sdtpdk;&onf Mum½SnfpGm tcsdefqGJí<br />

tkyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;xkwdkYonf trSm;ESifhtrSef? w&m;rIESifh zdESdyfrI? rw&m;Oya'ESifh vdktyfaom pnf;urf;<br />

Oya'rsm;udk cGJjcm;Edkif&ef ta&;BuD;ayonf/ ausmif;om;xkta&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; tESpfom&udk wdkufyGJyHkpH tedrfhtjrifh?<br />

tuefYtowfjzifh qifETJEdkif&ef ta&;BuD;ayonf/

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wwd,tBudrf<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzJGUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD;<br />

1954 ck Zefe0g&Dv (1 - 3) &uf<br />

wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;? a0VK0efausmif;wdkuf<br />

wwd,tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzJGYcsKyf nDvmcHBuD;[k jrefrm-t*Fvdyf ESpfbmomjzifU wzufwcsufpDwGif<br />

a&;om;vrf;ñTefxm;aom a0VK0efausmif; t0if0<br />

439

udkpdef0if; (vuf0JbufwGif xdkifaeol) udk,fpm;vS,fcefhtyfvTTmrsm;<br />

ppfaq;NyD; nDvmcHwufa&mufolrsm;\ wHqdyfrsm; xkwfay;aepOf<br />

udkpdk;odef; rdefhcGef;ajymaepOf (vuf0JzufwGifxdkifaeolrSm udkcifarmifOD;twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfNyD;?<br />

obmywdtrnf rod)<br />

nDvmcH 440tpnf;ta0;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Ouú| udkaZmf0if; rdefhcGef;ajymaepOf<br />

udktkef;armif rdefhcGef;ajymaepOf (xdkifaeolrSm udkaZmf0if;jzpfonf)<br />

rdefhcGef;ajymol- trnfrod (xdkifaeolrSm udkaZmf0if;jzpfonf)<br />

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)<br />

nDvmcH tpnf;ta0;<br />

eH&Huyf owif;vTmrsm;<br />

xrif;pm;onfUZ&yf<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

tpnf;ta0;&yfem;csdef (aY½SqHk;rSvlrSm &efukefc½kdifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>-&uo<br />

rS udkarmifarmifcifjzpfonf)<br />

nDvmcH\ owif;ESifUjyefMum;a&;Xme (þtaqmuftOD;xJwGif aMunm<br />

pmwrf;tp½Sdonfwdkhudk ½kdufESdyfcJUonf)<br />

tpnf;ta0;usif;yonfU Z&yfwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ntdyfMupOf<br />

441

tpnf;ta0;&yfem;csdefwGif tif;vsm;uefzuf vrf;avQmufMupOf (0JrS,m)trnfrod?<br />

udkausmfomxGef;? udkpdk;odef;? udkaZmf0if;? udkatmifMunf<br />

xrif;pm;MupOf (vSnfUMunfUaeolrSm udkausmfomxGef;? vuf0JzufwGif<br />

ZvHkudkifxm;olrSm udkvSaqmifjzpfonf)<br />

&efukefNrdKY ü tpnf;ta0; jyifqifaqmif½Guf<br />

olrsm;<br />

&yfaeolrsm; (0JrS,modkh)- udkjrifUodef;?<br />

udkpdef0if;? udkwifatmif-&uo? trnfrod/<br />

xdkifaeolrsm; (0JrS,modkh)- udkarmifarmifñGefh<br />

(rif;vSñGefhMuL;)? udkouf Ä (&uo)?<br />

udkausmfomxGef;? trnfrod/<br />

udkouf<br />

442<br />

Ä - Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf\ Ouú|tjzpf<br />

aemufqHk;aqmif½GufcJUoljzpfNyD; 1962 ckESpf<br />

aemufydkif;wGif Auyodkh awmcdkoGm;NyD;<br />

awmwGif;wae&mü usqHk;oGm;onf/<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xrif;pm;MupOf<br />

xrif;pm;MupOf (ukwftusÐ0wfxm;olrSm udkvSaqmifjzpfonf)<br />

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;<br />

wyfOD;wGif<br />

yg0ifvIyf&Sm;cJholrsm;<br />

yif;,ausmif;aqmif (0JrS,m)<br />

xdkifaeolrsm;^aY½Swef;- udkatmifMunf?<br />

udkvSaqmif\tudk (trnfrod)?<br />

aemufwef;- udktkef;armif?<br />

udkxGef;MunfÄ? udkpdk;odef;? trnfrod/<br />

&yfaeolrsm;- trnfrod? udkcspfNrdKif?<br />

udkwifa½T? udkpdef0if;?<br />

udkarmifarmifñGefh? trnfrod?<br />

udkndK0if;? udkombef;Ä? trnfrod/<br />

yif;,ausmif;aqmif<br />

aY½Swef;- udkatmifMunf?<br />

udkausmfomxGef;? trnfrod?<br />

udkjrifUodef;/<br />

aemufwef;- udkpdef0if;? udkxGef;Munf?<br />

udktkef;armif? trnfrod/<br />

0JzufoHpumysufpD;aejcif;rSm<br />

atmufygtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/<br />

,cifu þ0ifaygufwGif<br />

oHpumrsm;? oHbm*smwHcg;rsm;<br />

r½SdcJhbJ (atmufwdkbmausmif;wv<br />

ydwfa&;vIyf½Sm;rIaemufydkif;[k<br />

,lq&onf/) tcsdefrS<br />

pwifwyfqifcJhonf/<br />

¤if;aemufuefYuGufyJG wckwGif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; zsufpD;cJhMuonf/<br />

udkombef;Ä- &cdkiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfNyD; 1988 aemufydkif; jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf (,lteft,fvf'D) \<br />

wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pka&;&maumfrwD0ifESifh vkyfief;aumfrDwD0ifjzpfonf/ yxrtBudrf 1991 rS 1995 txd axmifcscH&onf/<br />

,ckpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 wGif tzrf;cH&NyD; (6) ESpftMum 2004 ck ZlvdkifvwGif axmifrS jyefvGwfvmonf/<br />

udkxGef;MunfÄ- 1963 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrfa&;aqG;aEG;yJGysufNyD;aemufydkif; AuyodkYawmcdkoGm;onf/ awmwGif;usqHk;onf/<br />

443

444<br />

yif;,ausmif;qmifESifU ppfudkif;aqmifMum;<br />

(0JrS,m)<br />

a½SYwef;- udkpdef0if;? udkatmifMunf?<br />

tjcm;olrsm;trnfrod<br />

yif;,aqmifESifU ppfudkif;aqmifMum;<br />

(0JrS,m) udkaZmf0if;? udkwifa½T?? udkcspfodef;OD; (pDwDtdk)?<br />

udkAaqGav;<br />

udkwifa½T (rHk½Gmwifa½T)- tJeft,fvf'D A[kdOD;pD;tzGJY0ifESifh<br />

rEÅav;wdkif;wm0efcHjzpfNyD; 1990 Edk0ifbmwGif tzrf;cH&NyD;<br />

axmif'Pf (19) ESpf csrSwfjcif;cH&onf/ 8? 6? 97 &ufaeY<br />

touf(76) ESpf t½G,fwGif uG,fvGefonf/<br />

yif;,aqmiftwGif; udkausmfomxGef;aecJhaom<br />

tcef;aY½SwGif (0JrS,m)<br />

udkjrifhodef;? udkvSaqmif? udkpdk;odef;?<br />

udkvSaqmif\tudk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Burma's Student Movement (DrKTT)

Source: Burma's Student Movement (DrKTT)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ppfudkif;aqmifESifU reD;ra0;wGif (0JrS,m)<br />

trnfrod? udkndK0if;? udkvSaqmif? udkausmfomxGef;?<br />

udkausmfvdIif<br />

udkndK0if;- 88 aemufydkif; jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD\ wJGzuf<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;? 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ twGif;<br />

a&;rSL;jzpfNyD; ppftkyfpk\ zrf;qD;n§Of;yrf;ESdyfpufrIaMumifh<br />

1990 ckESpf? rwfv (8) &ufaeY touf (60) t½G,fwGif<br />

tif;pdefaxmifaq;½HkwGif aoqHk;cJhonf/<br />

udkausmfvdIif- jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwDtzGJU0ifjzpfNyD; tif;pdef<br />

axmifü tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonf/<br />

udkausmfomxGef;- a'gufwmausmfomxGef;onf 29? 12? 2000<br />

ckESpfwGif *smrPDEdkifiHwGif uG,fvGefonf/<br />

yif;,aqmifwGif (0JrS,m)<br />

trnfrod? udkxGef;Munf? udkvSaqmif<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyftwGuf<br />

iSm;xm;cJhaomoGwfwJrSm *syfqifaumvdyfESifh<br />

rsufESmcsif;qdkif jynfvrf;wzufwGif ½SdcJhonf/<br />

(0JrS,m)<br />

udkwifa½T (rHk½Gm)? udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f)<br />

udkpdef0if;- EdkifiHwuma&;&m t,f'DwmcsKyf<br />

1988 Mo*kwfvqef;wGif &efukefNrdKYwGif uG,f<br />

vGefonf/<br />

445

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkouf udkAaqGav; udkarmifarmifñGefh (rif;vSñGefhMuL;)<br />

OD;ndK0if;<br />

OD;ausmfomxGef;<br />

OD;ombef;<br />

udkpdef0if;<br />

udkvSa½T- aemufqHk; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (62) twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJU0if? 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif;wGif jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;? ,ckpmtkyf<br />

a&;om;&mwGif ulnDcJhojzifh 1998 ckESpfwGif tzrf;cH&NyD; o&ufaxmifrS 2005 ck? Zlvdkifv (6) &ufaeYwGif jyefvGwfvmonf/ axmif (6) Budrf<br />

uscJhNyD;? (24) ESpfausmfcefY axmifwGif;b0 jzwfoef;cJh&onf/<br />

OD;vSa½T<br />

wuúodkvf"r®m½kHa½SYwGif udkaZmf0if; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;aepOf *syfqifaumvdyf taqmuftOD;wGif tpnf;ta0;wckvkyfaepOf<br />

tpnf;a0;acwÅem;csdef udktkef;armif (rsufESmcsif;qdkif) ESifU udkatmifbef;<br />

446<br />

(wdk;wuf^ausmay;xm;ol) pum;ajymqdkaeMupOf<br />

Source: (left-right/ top-bottom) Oway, Oway, ASO, ASO,<br />

GovtPub, DrTheinLwin, AAPPB, APPB, KTT, KTT

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) 1954-55 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ<br />

1954-55 ckESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;\ tultnDjzifh usif;ycJhonf/ xdkESpfwGif<br />

ausmif;om;wdkif;onf wuotoif;0if jzpfvmonf/ a'gufwmomvS\ tultnDvnf; trsm;BuD;ygcJhonf/<br />

xdkESpf wuowGif wyfOD;onf wOD;wnf;NydKifae&ovdk jzpfaeonf/ a½G;aumufyGJwGif Ouú|tjzpf wyfOD;rS ta½G;cHEdkif<br />

ol r½SdcJhyg/ oefY½Sif;tiftm;pkrS udkwifxGef;udk pOf;pm;cJh&onf/ xdkESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

tm;vHk; ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

(c) 1954-55 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

tcef; (17)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1954 rS 1955)<br />

udkwifxGef; (oefY½Sif;) Ouú| (aemif pdkufysKd;a&bPf? vufaxmufrefae*sm^<br />

tmwD;,m;)<br />

udkeefZifvm (ucsif ) 'k-Ouú| (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; tzGJUcsKyf?<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;? ausmif;wESpfxkwfcH&ol)<br />

udkoef;wif aiGxdef; (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

udkwifa½T trIaqmifrsm; (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae)<br />

udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) pmMunfhwdkufrSL; (aemif EdkifiHwuma&;&m t,f'DwmcsKyf)<br />

udkcifarmiftkef; t,f'Dwm (tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm)<br />

udkwifxGef; (&cdkif) trIaqmif (ausmif;om;rsm;oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme? 0ga,m)<br />

udkarmufZif (½Srf;) wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (owif;ESifh jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH)<br />

447

448<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkapm½Sm;vrdefvS wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH)<br />

udk0if;xG#f wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;Xme)<br />

(*) wuo aiG&wkobif<br />

1954-55 ckESpf ynmoifESpfrSm wuo (25) ESpf oufwrf;jynfhaomESpf jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh wuoaiG&wk<br />

obifudk wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ wyfOD;atmifyGJESifh wuo aiG&wkobifudk NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ<br />

usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ wuo aiG&wkobifrSm wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif 'kwd,tBudrf ausmif;om;yGJawmf jzpfonf/ 1952-<br />

53 ckESpf wdk;wufwdkYta½G;cH&pOf yxrtBudrfausmif;om;yGJawmf usif;ycJhonf/ wdk;wufwjzpfvJ wyfOD;wdkY\pnf;½Hk;<br />

a&; ydkrdkus,fjyefYvmonf/ aiG&wkobif usif;yEdkifí ausmif;om;wdkY\ axmufyhHrI ydkrdk&½Sdvmum wuo tcef;u@<br />

ydkrdk jrifhrm;vmonf/ wyfOD;pnf;½Hk;a&;tm; ydkrdkaumif;vmonf/ wuo aiG&wkobiftcrf;tem;zGifhyGJodkY 0efBuD;csKyf<br />

OD;Ekonf wuúodkvft"dywdtaeESifh vnf;aumif;? wuoOuú|a[mif;taejzifh vnf;aumif; wufa&mufrdefYcGef;ajym<br />

Mum;cJhonf/ atmufwdkbmta&;aMumifh qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;xktMum; txl;ojzifh wuowGif<br />

vuf½Sd acgif;aqmifrI&aeaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkESifh wif;rmrIavsmhoGm;ap&ef ESpfzufpvHk;rS tm½HkpdkufcJhMuonf/<br />

0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf tcrf;tem;wGif ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk ausmif;vcvGwfNidrf;cGifh ay;oGm;onf/ wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

om;wa,muf wuoaMu; oHk;usyf? ausmif;om; rSwfyHkwifaMu; wusyfom xdkESpfu ay;cJh&onf/<br />

(C) pwkw¦tBudrf ausmif;q&mrsm;toif; (&efukef)? ESpfywfvnfnDvmcH<br />

pwkw¦tBudrf ausmif;q&mrsm;toif; (&efukef) nDvmcHudk A[dktpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wGif pufwifbm<br />

(11) &uf we*FaEGaeY 1954 ckESpfwGif usif;ycJhonf/ þtoif;BuD;udk 1953 ckESpf? pufwifbmv rwdkifrDwGif<br />

Ouú| q&mBuD;OD;boef;wif? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;atmifoef;wdkY vkyfudkifcJhonf/<br />

(i) urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>aeh<br />

Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;aeYjzpfonf/ Armjynfausmif;om;aeY ('DZifbm 20<br />

&uf? AdkvfatmifausmfusqHk;aeY) uJhodkYyif aoG;csif;eD&JaomaeY jzpfonf/ þaeYwGif y&wfNrdKUü ,leDAmpDwD ausmif;om;<br />

wdkYonf zufqpfpepftm; qefYusifonfh *sifhatmfyvDwJvf Jan Opletal* (aq;ausmif;om;tm;) owfjzwfypfonfh<br />

twGuf qE´jycJh&m *smrefzufqpfonf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ypfowfjcif;? ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ya&mfzuf<br />

qmrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; emZDoHkYyef;pcef;odkY ydkYjcif;? wuúodkvfausmif;tm; ydwfcJhjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh urÇmt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;wdkYonf Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYa&mufvmvQif zufqpfpepftm;<br />

tNyD;wdkif acsrIef;a&;t"d|mefcsrSwfum urÇmhausmif;om;aeYudk usif;ycJhMuygonf/ þaeYudk urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>BuD; ay:aygufvmaomtcg urÇmhausmif;om;aeY[k owfrSwfcJhonf/<br />

(p) oHk;cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfjyóem<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;onfhaemuf &efukefwuúodkvfwGif ppfrwdkifrDu (2000) ausmf½Sd&mrS ppfBuD;tNyD;wGif<br />

(8000) ausmftxd jzpfvmonf/ xdktcsdef &efukefwuúodkvf vdktyfcsufrsm; tjrJay:aygufaeNyD; tusyftwnf;rsm;<br />

avsmhyg;oGm;onfr½Sd/ xdkodkY tusyftwnf; rjynfhpHkrIrsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u axmufyHhaMu; ydkrdkay;jcif;? ynma&;<br />

&efyHkaiG wdk;wufoHk;pGJjcif;jzifh ajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; wuúodkvfausmif;om; avsmhyg;oGm;ap&ef twef;ynm oifMum;ol<br />

OD;a& enf;ap&ef wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm; tust½IH; jyKvkyfcJhjcif;? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk (7) wef;atmifrS ajz&rnf[k<br />

owfrSwfcJhjcif;? wuúokdvfwGif (3) cgusvQif ausmif;xGuf&rnf qdkaom (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-<br />

55 ckESpfrS pwif usifhoHk;vmcJhonf/ xdkpepfaMumifh ausmif;om; &maygif;rsm;pGm wuúodkvfü ynmoifMum;cGifh<br />

r&bJ xGufcGmoGm;cJh&onf/ xkdpepfonf ynma&;tqifhjr§ifhwif&ef &nf½G,fcsuf r[kwfbJ-<br />

Note*- The date commemorates the 1939 Nazi storming of the University of Prague after demonstrations against<br />

the killing of Jan Opletal* <strong>and</strong> the occupation of Czechoslovakia, <strong>and</strong> the execution of nine student leaders,<br />

over 1200 students sent to concentration camps, <strong>and</strong> the closing of all Czechoslovakian universities <strong>and</strong><br />

colleges. The day was first marked in 1941 in London by the International Students' Council. (Wikipedia)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(1) wuúodkvfwGif jzpfay:aeaom ausmif;om;rsm;\ tusyftwnf;udk rSm;,Gif;aom rw&m;enf;jzifh<br />

ajz½Sif;&ef jyKvkyfjcif;/<br />

(2) ausmif;om; tcGifhta&;jzpfaom pmayoifMum;rIudk ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif; jzpfavonf/<br />

þodkY (3) cguspepfonf wuúodkvfwGifjzpfay:aeaom tusyftwnf;udk rw&m;aomenf;jzifh ajz½Sif;jcif;?<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> wuoonf ausmif;om;<br />

xkbufrS rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfum 1955 ckESpfrS pwifí (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepftwGuf wdkufzsufcJhavonf/<br />

pmar;yGJcs? ausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefhuGufMuavmU<br />

uRefawmfwdkYonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;^olrsm;ESifh Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;rS ausmif;om;^olrsm; jzpfyg<br />

onf/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY tkyfxdef;olESifh rdbrsm;u todynmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; twwfynmwckjzifh toufarG;0rf;<br />

ausmif;um wdkif;jynfwm0ef xrf;aqmifEdkifa&;twGuf pD;yGm;a&; usyfwnf;rIcHpm;&onfh Mum;rSyif aumvdyf?<br />

wuúodkvfrsm;? txufwef;? tv,fwef;? rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;odkY apvTwfí ynm½SmrDS;apcJhygonf/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;rwdkifrDuqdkvQif ynmwwfaygrsm;NyD;? wdkif;jynftm; jr§ifhwifEdkif&eftwGuf ynma&;udk<br />

tm;ay;Muyg[lí wpmpmatmf[pfcg om;orD;rsm;udk ausmif;odkYapvTwf&ef wdkufwGef;cJhMuonf/ ,ck ppfNyD;acwf<br />

üum; uRefawmfwdkY\ rdbrsm;jzpfaom jynfolvkxkBuD;\ todÓPfonf wdk;jr§ifhvmcJhygonf/ rdrdwdkY\ om;orD;<br />

rsm;udk rwdkufwGef;&bJ rdrdwdkYudk,fydkiftodjzifh ausmif;odkYapvTwf ynmoifapcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; ppfrjzpf<br />

rDu ausmif;om; (2300) ½Sdaom &efukefwuúodkvfonf ,aeY ausmif;om; (8000) ausmftxd ½SdvmcJhayonf/<br />

ppfrjzpfrDu Armjynfw0Srf;wGif ausmif;om; (3) odef;rS ,aeY (7) odef;txd½SdvmcJhygonf/ ,ckuJhodkY jynfolvl<br />

xkBuD;onf rdrdwdkY\ wdk;wufvmaom todÓPfjzifh rdrdwdkY om;orD;rsm;udk ausmif;rsm;odkY apvTwfcg ynm½SmrSD;<br />

apjcif;? ynma&;ü tm;ay;jcif;rsm;udk zqyvtpdk;&onf wu,fwrf; wdkif;jynf wdk;wufBuD;yGm;rI? wdkif;jynf<br />

todÓPfzGHUNzdK;rIudk tvdk½SdygvQif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmvufcHí ynma&;udk tm;ay;ulnD&rnf jzpfonf/<br />

Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif wuúodkvf? aumvdyf? txufwef;ausmif;rsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfjcif;? oifMum;<br />

jyornfh t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m? q&mrrsm;&½SdEdkif&ef q&mrsm;\ vpmwdk;jr§ifhí vHkavmufpGm ½SmazGcefYtyfjcif;?<br />

ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm; zlvHkap&eftwGuf zefwD;ay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ayrnf/ txl;ojzifh wdkif;jynf\ toHk;p&dwf<br />

wGif ynma&;p&dwfwdk;jr§ifhjcif;jzifh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhjcif;udk ydkrdkjyKvkyfay;&ayrnf/<br />

odkYaomf zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&onf þodkYwdkif;jynfwdk;wufBuD;yGm;&m? vlxk\todÓPf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf<br />

a&;twGuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk wdk;jr§ifh&rnfhtpm; rdrdwdkYtmPmcdkifjrJa&;? &mxl;wnfwHha&;twGuf zdESdyfrI<br />

tcsuftcsmjzpfaom ppfwyfrsm;wdk;csJUjcif;? ykvdyfrsm;wdk;csJUjcif;? Oya' tusOf;Xme ponfwdkY wdk;csJUjcif;? ppf?<br />

ykvdyf? Oya'ponfh toHk;p&dwfrsm; jr§ifhwifay;cJhavonf/ ,aeYvuf½Sd tajctaewGif zqyv tpdk;&tzdkY<br />

pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; qdkufa&mufcJhavonf/ þodkY tusyftwnf; qdkufa&muf&jcif;rSm Armjynf\ pD;yGm;a&;<br />

pepfonf vGwfvyfrIr½SdbJ e,fcsJUorm;tm; vHk;0rSDcdktm;xm; ae&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ,aeY pD;yGm;a&;tusyft<br />

wnf;udk ajz½Sif;vdkvQif e,fcsJUorm;wdkY\ avmif;&dyfrS vGwfvyfaom pD;yGg;a&;pepfudk xlaxmifrSjzpfrnf/<br />

odkYaomf zqyvonf e,fcsJUorm;tm; vHk;0rSDcdktm;xm;ae&aom ,ckvuf½Sd pD;yGm;a&; pepfa[mif;BuD;udkyif<br />

rGrf;rHusm;uefvsuf ½Sdayonf/ ,ck jzpfay:aeaom pD;yGm;a&; tusyftwnf; 0efxkyf0efydk;udk vlxktay:<br />

yHkcsaeayonf/ tvkyform;vcrsm; avQmhypfjcif;? ½Sm;yg;p&dwfrsm; jzwfawmufjcif;? tcGeftwkwfrsm; ydkrdkaumufcH<br />

jcif;? aps;EIef;rsm; aps;BuD;jrifhapjcif;wdkY jyKvkyfvsuf ½Sdonf/ ynma&;avmuwGifvnf; tvkyform; avmuenf;<br />

wl ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk qGJcsum ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHkcscJhayonf/ ,aeYwuúodkvfüqdkvQif ,cif axmufyHh<br />

aMu;ay;aom ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk axmufyHhaMu;&yfpJjcif; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/<br />

þodkY ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhcsjcif;jzifh ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;udk wdk;csJUraqmufEkdifjcif;? ausmif;t<br />

a&twGuf avQmhypfjcif;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm; r0,fEdkifjcif;wdkY awGUMuHKvm&aomtcg ausmif;wGif ausmif;om;<br />

rsm; avsmhoGm;ap&efrSm ausmif;udkydwfívnf; rjzpfEdkifojzifh tjcm; rw&m;aom enf;vrf;rsm; wqifhNyD;wqifh<br />

vkyfvmMuonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfrsm;wGif pmar;yGJrsm;udk Oypmtxufwef;pmar;yGJ? bDattxufwef;pmar;<br />

449

450<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

yGJrsm;om wuúodkvfpwnfpuyif tpdk;&ppfpmar;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhygvsufESifh 1951-52 ckESpfwGif twef;wdkif;ü<br />

Oypm yxrESpf? 'kwd,ESpf? bDat yxrESpf? 'kwd,ESpfwdkif;wGif tpdk;&ppfpmar;yGJrsm; jyKvkyf&ef jyifqifcJhNyD;<br />

pmar;yGJusolrsm;udk (undesirable elements) rvdkvm;tyfolrsm;[k orkwfum xkwfypf&ef MuH½G,fcJhavonf/<br />

xdkpOfu ausmif;om;xk\ wGef;uefcsufaMumifhyifvQif pmar;yGJpepfudkom ajymif;vJEdkifNyD; ausmif;rxkwf<br />

Edkif jzpf&ayonf/ twef;wdkif;wGif pmar;yGJppfum ausmif;om;rsm; txufwef;rsm;odkY ra&mufatmif wjznf;jznf;<br />

MuHaqmifcJhNyD; 1954-55 ckESpfwGif (3) cgus ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;aqmif aecGifhray;jcif; jyKusifhcJh&mrS<br />

1955 ckESpf ESpfukefwGif (3) cgus ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;xkwfcJhavonf/ þodkY (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf<br />

pepfudk aq;odyÜHwGifvnf; usifhoHk;vmcJhayonf/ ,aeYtxdqdkvQif ausmif;om;trsm; ausmif;xkwfjcif; cHae&<br />

ayNyD/ txufwef;? tv,fwef;? rlvwef;rsm;wGif pmar;yGJjyKvkyfaomtcg pmar;yGJcspepfudk wjznf;jznf;<br />

oGwfoGif;cJhonf/ 1952-53 ckESpfwGif ausmif;rsm;ü r½SdcJhbl;aom owårwef;? pwkw¬wef;pmar;yGJrsm;udk tpdk;&ppf<br />

jyKvkyfvmNyD; owårwef;wGif (60) &mcdkifEIef;atmif&mrS ,aeY (30) &mcdkifEIef;om atmifjrifjcif;? pwkw¬wef;wGif<br />

(80) &mcdkifEIef;atmif&mrS ,aeY (40) &mcdkifEIef;om atmifjrifjcif;rsm; awGU&ayonf/ wuúodkvfüvnf; ,aeY<br />

atmifjrifaom ausmif;om;OD;a&rSm ,cifuxuf avsmhenf;vmcJhonfudk awGU&onf/ þtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk<br />

Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh tpdk;&onf pmppfXmersm;wGif pGufzufcg ausmif;om;OD;a&udk avsmhcsypfaeonf/<br />

wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;wGifvnf; ppfBuD;tNyD;ü (46) &mcdkifEIef; atmifjrifcJhaomfvnf; ,aeY (11.42)<br />

&mcdkifEIef;om atmifjrifcJhawmhonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk ESpfqifhjyKvkyfMu&ef pDpOfMujyefawmhonf/<br />

pmar;yGJcsausmif;xkwfonfhpepfudk ,aeYArmjynfynma&;avmuodkY oGwfoGif;í wuúodkvfrsm;? aumvdyf<br />

rsm;ürl pmar;yGJ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfrnf[k twdtusjyKvkyfum xkwfypfaeaomfvnf; txufwef;ausmif;<br />

rsm;ürl ajAmifrvkyfao;bJ pmar;yGJusolrsm;udk cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf rodrom rw&m;ausmif;xkwfvsuf ½Sdonf/<br />

&efukefNrdKU? A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om; (200) eD;yg;rQ ausmif;xkwfypfjcif;cH&onf/ uefawmf<br />

av;tpdk;&wef;jr§ifhausmif; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; vdkufem&efpnf;urf;rsm;\ tcsuf (4) csufwGif ausmif;ü<br />

pmar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif þausmif;wGif ynmqufvuf oifMum;cGifhrjyK[k twdtvif;qdkxm;ayonf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&onf ¤if;wdkY\ ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhvdkrIaMumifh ausmif;xkwfypf<br />

jcif;? ausmif;om;avQmhypfjcif;rsm; jyKrlcJhaomfvnf; wzufrS ausmif;om;rsm; nHhzsif;íjzpfonf[k toHaumif;[pf<br />

a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

&ef rnfrQtm;xkwf&onfudk ,aeY ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;wGif aeYnrtm; avhvm<br />

qnf;yl;ae&jcif;uyif ausmif;om;rsm; rysif;jcif;udk oufaojyaeacsonf/<br />

,ckuJhodkY ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;rsm;wGif avsmhyg;atmif jyKvkyfjcif;onf ,aeYwdkif;jynf\ jyefvnf<br />

xlaxmifa&;wGif vdktyfaom ynmonfrsm; ,kwfavsmhjcif;? wdkif;jynfwGif todÓPfwdk;wufa&;wdkYtm; aESmifhaES;<br />

MuHaqmifjcif;wdkYudk tpdk;&onf um,uHajrmuf jyKrljcif;yif jzpf\/<br />

,ckuJhodkY ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsumausmif;xkwfonfhpepf oGwfoGif;um pmayqufvuf oif<br />

Mum;cGifh ray;jcif;onf EdkifiHol? EdkifiHom;wdkif; ynmoifMum;cGifh ½Sdap&rnf[laom tcsufudk azsmufzsufjcif;<br />

jzpf½Hkomru vlwdkif;ynmoifMum;cGifh &½Sdrnf[laom vlrItcGifhta&;ydwfyifjcif;vnf; jzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkhzqyvwdkYonf<br />

,ckuJhodkY aiGtusyftwnf;? 0efxkwf0efydk;udk ausmif;om;xktay:csum ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tm; pmar;yGJcs ausmif;xkwf½HkrQru wzufrSvnf; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfaom <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;cGifhudk<br />

ydwfyifjcif;? ausmif;om;opömazmuf 'Dtufpftdkrsm; arG;jrLaoG;cGJapjcif;? zdESdyfrIrsm;udkyg jyKusifhvsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

þuJhodkY pmar;yGJcs? ausmif;xkwfjcif;? tcGifhta&;ydwfjcif;? 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk ajr§mufyifhay;cg ausmif;om;xk<br />

nDñGwfa&;tm; NzdKcGJaeonfrsm;udk ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk; nDñGwfpGm vufwGJumuG,fMu&ef EId;aqmftyfyg<br />

aMumif;/<br />

NrdKYrd? NrdKYzESifU jynfolvlxkBuD; cifAsm;-<br />

,aeYausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsum ausmif;xkwfypfonfhta&;onf ausmif;om;ta&; oufouf<br />

omr[kwf? Armjynf\ wdk;wufBuD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiH\ta&;? wjynfvHk;ta&; jzpfygonf/ rdrdwdkY\ &ifaoG;rsm;\<br />

xm0pOfta&;vnf;jzpfay&m usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh twlyg0if ulnDaqmif½Gufum zqyv qdk½S,fvpf<br />

tpdk;&\ rw&m;pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfonfh pepfudk ,aeYArmjynfynma&;xJodkY usifhoHk;vmjcif;tm; umuG,f<br />

Mu&ef arwåm&yfcHtyfygaMumif;/<br />

- wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ (3) cguspepfudk y,fzsufavmU<br />

- wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJwGif csypfjcif; &yfqdkif;avmU<br />

- pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;avmU<br />

- ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhavmU<br />

- ynma&;pepfudk topfjyifavmU<br />

- pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk topfjyifavmU<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)<br />

&efukefc½dkifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo)<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf)<br />

þodkY aMunmcsufrsm;jzifh xkwfjyefum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufcJhonf/ xdktcsdefu zqyv<br />

tpdk;&onf ynma&;tay:wGif xm;½Sdaom oabmxm;rSm-<br />

(1) 0g'jzefYa&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?<br />

(2) ppfom;pkaqmif;a&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?<br />

(3) ygwD0ifaumif;pm;a&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;?<br />

(4) tvkyfvufrJhjyóem rajz½Sif;Edkifjcif; tp½Sdaom taMumif;wdkYrS ay:aygufvmaom tusKd;oufa&muf<br />

rIrsm; jzpfonf/<br />

xdkjyóemrsm; rajz½Sif;EdkifaomtcgwGif zqyvtpdk;&onf-<br />

(1) wzufwGif ausmif;om;xktwGif;wGif wynfharG;í aoG;cGJapí? wzufrS tmPmESifhzdESdyfjcif;<br />

(2) pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfaejcif; (2) csufudk awGU&onf/<br />

1953 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv NrdKUawmfcef;rü usif;yaom zqyvtrwfaygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;wGif 0efBuD;OD;ausmf<br />

Nidrf;u 'Dtufpftdkudk zqyvu todtrSwfjyKonf/ ulnD&rnf[k ajAmiftwdtvif; aMunmcJhayonf/ &efukefNrdKUwGif<br />

'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk oifwef;rsm;ay;cJhonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf taeESifhvnf; txufygajz½Sif;yHkudk vHk;0oabmrwlay/<br />

451

452<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

,ckjzpfay:aeaom ynma&;tusyftwnf;rS xGuf&mvrf;onf-<br />

(1) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmrsm; wdk;csJUtm;ay;jcif;?<br />

(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhay;í vuf½SdusifhoHk;aeaom ygwD0ifaumif;pm;a&;0g' pGefYvTwfjcif;?<br />

(3) ynma&;toHk;p&dwf 10% wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJapjcif;?<br />

(4) (3) wef;rSpí t*Fvdyfpmrsm; oifMum;jcif;rsm; jzpfayonf/<br />

txufygtcsuf (4) csuf&½Sd&ef Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS ta&;,laqmif½GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

&efukefNrdKY<br />

¤if;tjyif atmufyg Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ aMunmcsufudkMunfhvQif zqyvtpdk;&\ zdESdyfrIrsm;udk xyfrHawGY<br />

&ayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;cHpm;ae&onfU vGwfvyfa&;t&om<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf aMunmcsuf<br />

ArmEkdifiHonf jynfaxmifpkor®wEdkifiHtjzpf vGwfvyfa&;&cJhonfrSm (8) ESpfumvodkY wdkifcJhayNyD/ wm0ef<br />

t½SdqHk;aom zqyv qdk½S,fvpfwdkY\ EdkifiHtusKd;? jynfolvlxk vlwef;pm;tusKd;? vlrsKd;pktoD;oD;tusKd;wdkYtm;<br />

tb,frQ vkyfaqmifay;cJhonfudk jyefvnfqef;ppf&ef vdktyfayonf/ ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ESifh jynfolvlxkodkY<br />

ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;rsm; cHpm;ae&onfh (8) ESpfwm vGwfvyfa&;t&omudk ('Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;tydkif;rS) wifjy<br />

vdkuf&ayonf/<br />

pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf &efukefwuúodkvf (2000) ausmf<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf rEÅav;wuúodkvf (300) ausmf<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf (15) ausmf<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf txufwef;ausmif;rsm; (200) ausmf<br />

(&efukef A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; tygt0if)<br />

wuúodkvf pmar;yGJrS (2) ESpfy,fjcif; ('Dbm;) ESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; (198) a,muf<br />

wuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifhywfoufí ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;<br />

&moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; - (49) OD;<br />

ESpftydkif;tjcm; - (22) OD;<br />

(19) vMum tzrf;cH&olrsm; - (16) OD;<br />

0&rf;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&olrsm; - (2) OD;<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>zGJYpnf;í ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;<br />

ajrmif;jr - (5) a,muf<br />

jrif;jcH - (1) a,muf<br />

tdrfrJ - (3) a,muf<br />

ewfarmuf - (9) a,muf<br />

BudKUyifaumuf - (2) a,muf<br />

ppfawG - (1) a,muf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

vuf½Sd rw&m;vkyfMuHtzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

wuo BudKUyifaumuf? rEÅav; &moufyef - (3) OD;<br />

rw&m;ausmif;xkwfcH&ol? &efukefNrdKUrausmif; - (1) OD;<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

þodkYjzifh (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;rsm;? vSnfhvnfyGJrsm; jyKvkyfí<br />

vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;xH qE´jyvufrSwfaumufcHívnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; rJqEáy;yGJ usif;yjyKvkyfí<br />

vnf;aumif; (3) cguspepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonf/ vlxktoif;tzGJU? owif;pm udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;tm; zdwfac:í vnf;aumif;? owif;q&mrsm; uGefz&ifhvkyfí vnf;aumif;? ygvDreftrwfrsm; zdwfac:í<br />

vnf;aumif; wifjyum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk jynfolwdkYxHodkY wifjycJhayonf/<br />

þuJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\ wnDwñGwfwnf; qE´jyawmif;qdkjcif;? rdbjynfolrsm; axmufcHrI&½Sdjcif;ESifh<br />

wuo udk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif awmif;qdkaqmif½GufrIrsm;aMumifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf<br />

raeEdkifawmhbJ wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rS atmufygtwdkif; qHk;jzwfcJh&ayonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfESifh<br />

(65) &mckdifEIef;pepfwdkUudk pOf;pm;&efESifh tjcm; oifhawmfaom enf;pepf½Sdygu aumifpDodkYwifjy&ef atmufygaumfrwDudk<br />

zGJUpnf;ygonf/<br />

(1) ygarmu©csKyf (cs,f,mrif)<br />

(2) odyÜHr[mXmerSL;<br />

(3) 0dZÆmr[mXmerSL;<br />

(4) ausmif;tkyfBuD; (rEÅav;)<br />

(5) OD;bNidrf; (wuo udk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

(6) OD;xGef;atmif (NrdKUawmf0efa[mif;)<br />

ausmif;om;xk\awmif;qdkcsuft& xdkaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;ay;&vifhupm; tpnf;ta0;wBudrfwcgrQ xkdif<br />

jcif;rjyKbJ xm;cJhayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk aESmifhaES;ap&ef MuHaqmifjcif; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;xk<br />

nDñGwfa&;tm;jzifh atmifyGJ&,lEdkifavonf/ 1953-54 ckESpf wuo rzGJUpnf;ay;bJxm;cJh&mrS zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&ayonf/<br />

1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHktwGuf zrf;qD;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvTwfay;cJh&onf/ ausmif;xkwf<br />

cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefwufcGifh ay;cJh&onf/<br />

þodkYjzifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk ausmif;om;rsm; nDñGwfa&; jzifh wuo? Auo? tvHawmfatmuf<br />

wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm; yg0ifyl;aygif; aqmif½Guf&ef zdwfac:rIrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/<br />

xdkodkYvkyfaqmifrIaMumifh ](3) cgusausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om; (2000) ausmftm; ,ckESpfrusifUoHk;bJ jyef0ifcGifU<br />

&½Sd&ef} tmPmydkifrsm;u wESpfa½TUqdkif;xm;rnf[k oabmwlcsuf&&ef toif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>aygif;pHk yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhMu<br />

ayonf/ ausmif;om;xk (4000) ausmf rJqE´ay;í vnf;aumif;? aeYausmif;om; rsm;? oxHkaqmif? yJcl;aqmif?<br />

yif;,aqmif? ppfudkif;aqmif? tif;0aqmif? a½Tbdkaqmif? '*kHaqmif? tr&aqmifwdkYwGif rJqEáumuf,lNyD;cJhNyD jzpfonf/<br />

aeYausmif;olrsm;? tif;vsm;aqmif? &wemaqmif? oD&daqmif? rmvmaqmifolrsm;ESifh tr&? rEÅav;? awmifil?<br />

jynf? waumif;? wDwDpD taqmifrsm;üvnf; qE´rJrsm;aumuf,lum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tm;vHk;uefYuGuf<br />

cJhMuayonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKif Oypmaumvdyfrsm;üvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;u wcJeufuefYuGufcJh<br />

Muayonf/<br />

(q) &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;ppftiftm;pk (S.O.F)<br />

(S.O.F) onf qdk½S,fvpfygwD\ pDrHudef;t& ay:aygufvmaom tzGJUtpnf; jzpfonf/ þtzGJUtpnf;wGif<br />

wyfOD;rS rdrdudk,fusKd;twGuf xGufoGm;aom udkeefZifvm? 'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh oefY½Sif;ta[mif;rsm; yg0ifayonf/<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;ESifh t"dutm;NydKif&ef jzpfayonf/ qdk½S,fvpfrsm;onf 'Dtufpftdkudk ausmif;om;xku<br />

raxmufcHrSef; odojzifh (S.O.F) udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ (S.O.F) 'Dtufpftdk wzefjyefvnf toufoGif;aom tzGJUjzpfonf/<br />

453

454<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(S.O.F) wyfOD;udk ta&;ay;wdkuf&efESifh (D.S.O) bufrS [efjywdkufcdkuf&efESifh Mum;vrf;pOfjzifh vlrsKd;pkrsm;<br />

Mum; tiftm;pkrsm;udk odrf;oGif;&ef jzpfayonf/ aemufqHk; (D.S.O) ½kyfvHk;ay:vmcJhojzifh wuoa½G;aumufyGJ<br />

tNyD;wGif (D.S.O) zsufodrf;cJh&m vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifhoefY½Sif;wdkY rauseyfí (D.S.O) (2) jcrf; uGJcJh&onf/<br />

(Z) [,f&Dwefta&;awmfyHkESifh uefhuGufyGJrsm;<br />

xdkta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvm&aomtaMumif;&if;rSm tv,fwef;tpdk;&ppf owårwef;pmar;yGJwGif ar;cGef;<br />

aygufonf[laom jyóemjzpfonf/ owårwef;ausmif;om;rsm; bmom&yf (4) bmom ajzNyD;aomtcg rwfv<br />

(22) &ufaeYwGif ajzqdk&rnfh bmomrSm ocFsmar;cGef;vTmtrSwf (2) ESifh taxGaxGodyÜHynmudk ajzqdk&rnfjzpfonf/<br />

pmar;yGJrajzqdkrDuyif xdkaeYxkwf Armhacwfowif;pmü taxGaxGodyÜH ar;cGef;aygufMum;vsuf ½Sdonf/ xdkar;cGef;vTm<br />

wGif yg0ifaom yk'fpmwyk'fudk xkwfazmfvsuf yg½SdcJhayonf/ ar;cGef;aygufMum;onf[k aumvm[vjzpfaeaomfvnf;<br />

qdkif&mrS ta&;,ljcif;r½SdcJhay/<br />

yxrydkif;ocFsmar;cGef;vTm ajzqdkNyD;aomtcgwGif taxGaxGodyÜHajzqdk&ef pmar;yGJcef;rodkYa&muf½Sdcsdef pmar;<br />

yGJBuD;Muyfolrsm;u rwfv (20) &ufaeYrSpí pwifusif;yaom owårwef;pmar;yGJudk vHk;0zsufodrf;vdkufaMumif;<br />

ynmrif;BuD;OD;bxGm; vufrSwfjzifh trdefYpmudkzwfjycJhonf/ pmar;yGJBuD;Muyfolrsm;u Armhacwfowif;pmwGif ar;cGef;<br />

ykpämyg½Sdvmojzifh zsufodrf;vdkuf&onf[k ajymMum;avonf/<br />

xdktcg ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY vaygif;rsm;pGm BudK;yrf;ajzqdkcJh&aom pmar;yGJudk vHk;0zsufodrf;vdkuf<br />

&onf[k od½Sd&onfESifh wNydKifeuf ausmif;om;rsm; idk,dkMuNyD;vQif rcHr&yfjzpfum pmppfXmetoD;oD;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

onf pk½Hk;um ynmrif;BuD;½Hk;odkY csDwufqE´jyMuygonf/ xdkYaemuf Armhacwf owif;pmwdkufa½SUodk a&muf½SdMuonf/<br />

owif;pmwdkufü ykvdyftcsKdU apmifhvsuf½Sdonf/ tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif; ta½SUydkif;w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifonf<br />

ykvdyftrIxrf;rsm;ESifhtwl a&muf½Sdvmonf/<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS Ouú| udkaZmf0if;ESifh &uorS 'k-Ouú| udkarmifarmifcifwdkYonf ynmrif;BuD;tm;<br />

oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;aomfvnf; rawGU&ay/ xdktcg udkaZmf0if;wdkYonf ta½SUydkif;w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh<br />

awGUum ,ckqE´jyolrsm;rSm owårwef;ausmif;om; (12) ESpf? (13) ESpft½G,f uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif;? aoewfESifh<br />

rypfcwf&efESifh uav;oli,frsm; at;csrf;pGmqE´jyrIudk xdef;odrf;xm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymaomtcg w&m;olBuD;u<br />

aumif;ygNyD[kajymNyD;aemuf csufjcif;yif aoewfESifhypf&ef trdefYay;awmhonf/ udkaZmf0if; aoewfESifhrypf&ef txyfxyf<br />

wm;ygaomfvnf; r&awmhay/ rypfao;bJ ½Sdonfudkyif ]ypfawmUygvm;uG} [k trdefYxyfay;avonf/<br />

aoewfypfcwfrIaMumifU-<br />

1/ [,f&Dwef (51) csmcsDvrf; aoqHk;cJh&onf/<br />

tjyif;txef 'Pf&m&olrsm;xJwGif-<br />

1/ wifarmifat; (11) ukuúdKif;vrf;<br />

2/ wifatmif (23) 'dkbDvrf;? ajreDukef;wdkY yg0ifonf/<br />

xdktcgwGif-<br />

(1) aoewfypf&ef trdefYay;aom w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh wm0ef½Sdaom jynfxJa&;0efBuD; Adkvfcifarmifu<br />

av;wdkYtm; Armhacwfudk ta&;,lovdk csufjcif;zrf;qD; ta&;,l&ef?<br />

(2) pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;aygufMum;rIrSm ynma&;Xme\ wm0efomjzpfí wm0ef½Sdolrsm;tm; azmfxkwfta&;,l&ef?<br />

(3) zGJUpnf;vkdufaom pHkprf;a&;aumfr½SifwGif ausmif;om;ESifhjynfolUudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef qE´½Sdyg<br />

ojzifh tjrefqHk; awmif;qdkvdkuf&ygaMumif;/<br />

&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo)? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(wuo) wdkYu awmif;qdkcJhayonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z-1) <strong>or*¾</strong> (3) ck yl;wGJaMunmcsuf<br />

&Jabmf ausmif;ol^om; taygif;wdkhowårwef;pmar;yGJ<br />

ar;cGef;aygufMum;onfhtwGuf pmar;yGJzsufodrf;ypfcJhonf/ pmar;yGJzsufodrf;onfh<br />

twGuf (7) wef; ausmif;om;uav;rsm;onf qE´jycJhygonf/ Armhacwf owif;pmwdkufudk 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhonf/<br />

ykvdyfrsm;u aoewfESifhypfowfojzifh &Jabmf[,f&Dwef usqHk;oGm;cJh&ayonf/ þusqHk;oGm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

uREkfyfwdkY (3) zGJU yl;aygif;aqmif½GufcJhygonf/ a½SUqufNyD; &Jabmf[,f&Dweftm; &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfjcif;?<br />

pmar;yGJar;cGef; aygufMum;jcif;twGuf qufvufaqmif½Guf&ef aumfrwDw&yfzGJUpnf;&ef vdktyfonf[k ,lqyg<br />

onf/ odkYtwGuf &Jabmfausmif;om;^olwdkY\ 25? 3? 56 &ufwGif aeYv,f (12) em&Dtcsdef? Armhacwfowif;pm<br />

wdkufteD;? A[ef;tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;a½SU uGufvyfpcef;odkY vma&mufMuyg&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkuf<br />

ygonf/<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo)<br />

aehpJG- 24? 4? 56 &ufaeh &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)<br />

(Z-2) Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf ñTefMum;vTm<br />

aeYpGJ- 29? 3? 56<br />

&Jabmfwdkh-<br />

22? 3? 56 &ufaeYwGif owårwef; pmar;yGJar;cGef;rSm aygufMum;onfhtwGuf pmar;yGJudk zsufodrf;ypf<br />

vdkufonf/ xdkodkY zsufodrf;ypfvdkufjcif;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfjzpfcg ynmrif;BuD;½Hk;odkY oGm;<br />

a&muf 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;xkwfazmfaom Armhacwf owif;pmwdkufodkY 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhonf/<br />

Armhacwfowif;pmwdkufodkY 0dkif;0ef;qE´jypOf w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmif\ trdefYt& ykvdyfrsm;u aoewfESifh<br />

ypfcwfojzifh (16) ESpft½G,f? pdefaygausmif;om;av; ][,f&Dwef} usqHk;oGm;&½Smonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;'Pf&m&<br />

½Sdí (2) a,mufrSm twGif;vlemtjzpf ukoae&onf/ þodkY &uf&ufpufpuf vlrr,fcav;rsm;tm; owfypfjcif;<br />

onf zufqpftjyKtrlrsKd;om jzpfayonf/ þodkY aoewf vufeufESifh ypfowfjcif;twGuf igwdkYonf a½SUodkYquf<br />

vuf ta&;,ljzpfonf/<br />

þodkYta&;,l&mwGif qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;onf pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;? vlxkpnf;a0;yGJrsm; usif;yum jynfol<br />

vlxkudk wdkifwnf&rnf/ ausmif;rsm;zGifhvSpfxm;ygu ,m,DqE´jyoydwfarSmufMu&ef jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif;<br />

ñTefMum;vdkufonf/<br />

,ck rwfv (29) &ufaeYwGif &Jabmf[,f&Dwef usqHk;aom (7) &ufajrmufaeYjzpfojzifh aeYwGif qGrf;oGwf<br />

trQtwef;a0jcif;udk ausmif;om;ESifhvlxk yl;aygif;um jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif; ñTefMum;vkdufonf/<br />

tqdkrsm;-<br />

1/ aoewfESifhypf&ef trdefay;ol w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh wm0eft½SdqHk;jzpfaom jynfxJa&;0efBuD;<br />

Adkvfcifarmifuav;wdkYtm; ta&;,ltjypfay;&ef/<br />

2/ ar;cGef;ykpämaygufMum;rIonf ynma&;Xmewm0efom jzpfaomaMumifh wm0ef½Sdoltm; azmfxkwf tjypf<br />

ay;&ef/<br />

3/ 0efBuD;csKyfu zGJUpnf;vdkufaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifh&½Sd&ef/<br />

zufqpf0g' usqHk;&rnf<br />

ausmif;om;ta&; atmif&rnf<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

455

456<br />

(Z-3) EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfxHay;pm<br />

odkh<br />

EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJY<br />

rS<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aeUpGJ- 30? 3? 56<br />

taMumif;t&m / / ,ck jzpfyGm;aeaom ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudpötm; rsufESmpHknD awGYqkHajz½Sif;yg&efcifAsm;/<br />

1956 ckESpf? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif owårwef; ar;cGef;ykpäm aygufMum;rIESifhywfoufí pmar;yGJrsm;<br />

jyefvnfppfaq;rnf[laom trdefYudk rauseyfMuaom ausmif;om;^ausmif;olaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYonf ynm<br />

rif;BuD;½Hk;ESifh Armhacwfowif;pmwdkufodkY 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhygonf/<br />

vlrr,fausmif;om;av;rsm; qE´jy&mwGif &efukefta½SUydkif; &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD; OD;ygpDjrarmif\ trdefY<br />

t& qE´jyrIudk &ufpufpGm aoewfESifhNzKdcGif;cJhojzifh pdefayg(vf) ausmif;om;av; [,f&DwefrSm ¤if;aoewf'Pf&m<br />

ESifh usqHk;cJh&ygonf/ tjcm; ausmif;om; (2) OD;rSm 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm &cJhygonf/<br />

þodkY vlrr,fausmif;om;av;rsm;tm; &ufpufpGmowfjzwfjcif;onf wdkif;jynf0,f rvdkvm;tyfaom<br />

udpöjzpfí vnf;aumif;? 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& qE´jyonfudk vufeuftm;udk;jzifh ajz½Sif;onfudk vnf;aumif;?<br />

jyóemt&yf&yfwGif at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;onfhenf;udk tpOftvmt& usifhoHk;cJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;u rsm;pGm<br />

rausreyf jzpfcJhygonf/<br />

,if;odkY jyóemt&yf&yfudk tMurf;zufí vufeufESifhajz½Sif;rnfqdkygu aemifwGifvnf; ,ckvdk rzG,f&m<br />

rvdkvm;tyfaom trItcif;rsKd; ay:aygufp&m ½Sdygonf/<br />

xkdYaMumifh aemufaemifwGif þodkYaom trIudpörsKd; ray:aygufatmif ,ckuJhodkY ay:aygufcJhaom udpörsm;udk<br />

vnf; wm0eft½SdqHk; EdkifiHtpdk;&ESifh aoG;ajrus tqHk;cHvdkufaom ausmif;om;wdkY ESpfOD;ESpfzuf auseyfEdkifrnfh<br />

enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmazGEkdif&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh at;csrf;pGm awGUqHkajz½Sif;cGifhjyKyg&ef taMumif;Mum;ygonf/<br />

vufeuftm;udk;ESifU ajz½Sif;aom0g' usqHk;&rnf<br />

(aZmf0if;)<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z-4) ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf<br />

(pnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfa&;AsL½kd)<br />

30? 3? 56 &ufaeY<br />

owårwef;pmar;yGJ zsufodrf;vdkufonfrSpí zqyvqdk½S,fvpfwdkY\ vlowf0g'aMumifh aoG;pdrf;yGufyGuf<br />

tHxGufum ausmif;om;av; &Jabmf[,f&DwefrSm r½IrvS usqHk;cJh&ygonf/<br />

odkY &Jabmf[,f&Dwef usqHk;cJhjcif;jzifh ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkBuD; ay:aygufcJh&m ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk<br />

BuD; jzpf&onfhtaMumif;t&if;ESifh &Jabmf[,f&Dwef usqHk;&yHk? zqyvqdk½S,fvpfwdkY\ &uf&ufpufpuf vlowf<br />

0g'usifhoHk;yHkudk &efukefNrKdUwGif;½Sd &yfuGuftoD;oD;twGif;ü vSnfhvnf½Sif;vif; a[majymyGJrsm;usif;ycJh&m (16)<br />

yGJrQ NyD;pD;cJhavonf/<br />

odkYaomf tjcm;&yfuGufwGif;rS NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm;u vma&mufawmif;qdkMuojzifh NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm; qE´jynfh0ap&ef<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDrS BudK;pm;aqmif½Gufvsuf ½SdaMumif;/<br />

xdkYjyif tjcm;NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm;onf rdrdwdkY &yfuGufwGif;ü ½Sif;vif;a[majymap&ef qE´½Sdí pDpOfNyD; ____<br />

½Sd acwåaumfrwD½Hk;wnf&m atmufyg AsL½dktwGif;a&;rSL;xH vma&muf taMumif;Mum;Muyg&ef arwåm&yfcHygonf<br />

cifAsm;/<br />

rdbausmif;om; vufwGJMu<br />

ta&;awmfyHk atmif&rnf<br />

armifarmifcif<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

pnf;½Hk;a&;ESifUvIHYaqmfa&;AsL½dk<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD<br />

(Z-5) ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf<br />

owåwef;pmar;yGJ zsufodrf;jcif;udk rauseyfonfhtwGuf qE´jyMuaom ausmif;om;av;rsm;tm; ykvdyfu<br />

aoewfESifh ypfcwfonfhtwGuf touf (17) ESpft½G,f½Sd (7) wef; ausmif;om;av; [,f&DwefrSm usqHk;cJh&yg<br />

onf/ ausmif;om; (4) OD; 'Pf&m&cJhygonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;om;ESifh jynfolwdkYonf tHk;tHk;

458<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkyif jynfolESifhausmif;om;tm; ½IyfaxG;oGm;&ef MuHaqmifvsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;ESifh &Jonf &efolvnf; r[kwf? wOD;ESifhwOD; vHk;0vnf; y#dyu©jzpfjcif;vnf; r½SdygbJvsuf<br />

ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu© tjzpfrsKd;a&mufatmif wrifvkyfMuHvsuf ½Sdayonf/ &Jom;rsm;udk txGufrcdkif;bJ vSnfhpm;<br />

jcif;yif jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þodkY tppftrSefudk zHk;uG,fum rdrdwdkYtay: usa&mufrnfh wm0efudk vTJajymif;ay;onfh<br />

oabmrsKd;udk ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDonf vufcHvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/<br />

odkYtwGuf ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu© pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Siftrnfudk<br />

vTJajymif;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;wdkY\ awmif;qdkcsufudk rvdkufavsmcJhay/<br />

þodkY ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu©[lí ½IyfaxG;oGm;ap&ef MuH½G,fonfomru zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&onf<br />

rdrdtjypfrS tvGwf½kef;um ausmif;om;rsm;ay:odkY vnf;aumif;? &JtrIxrf;rsm;ay:odkY vnf;aumif;? owif;pmrsm;<br />

ay:odkY vnf;aumif; yHkcs&ef rdrdpdwfBudKuf aumfr½SifzGJUay;cJhonf/ zqyvqdk½S,fvpf vlowform;rsm;u rdrd<br />

wdkY tvdkuszGJUpnf;jcif;onf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rSefuefrI r&½SdEdkifay/ þodkY rSefuefjcif;r½Sdjcif;udkvnf; zqyv<br />

qdk½S,fvpfacwfwGif ay:ayguforQaom pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sifrsm;u oufaojycJhNyD; jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;<br />

om;ESifh jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifa&;udk ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDu awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ þawmif;qdkcsufudk<br />

rvdkufavsm½kHru ausmif;om;qE´? jynfolYqE´ygonfjzpfap? rygonfjzpfap rdrdwdkY qufvkyf&rnfh oabmrsKd;udk<br />

yif ajzMum;cJhayonf/<br />

xifxif½Sm;½Sm;BuD; awGUjrif&aom zqyvwdkY\ tMurf;zuf vlowf0g'ESifh vlowfrIBuD;udk zHk;uG,f&ef<br />

MuHpnfaom ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu©[k vSnfhzsm;jcif;? pHkprf;a&;aumfr½SifwGif ausmif;om;ESifh jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm; ryg0ifbJ rdrdwdkYoabmus tpD&ifcHap&m tjzpfrSefudk zHk;uG,faejcif;jyKvkyf&ef pDpOfaejcif;rsm;twGuf<br />

ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDonf pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Siftm; ulnDvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/<br />

ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDonf vufawGUtaumiftxnfjzifh ½Sdaeaom zqyv tMurf;zufzdESdyfrI0g'ESifh<br />

vlowfw&m;cHrsm;udk azmfxkwfum jynfolUa½SUarSmufodkY qufvufwifjyoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ xkdrQomruao;bJ<br />

zqyvu zHk;uG,f&ef MuHpnfum twdkuftcHrsm;u ajr§mufay;onf[laom pGyfpGJcsufrsm; jynfolem;a,mifaprnfh<br />

vSnfhjzm;csufrsm;udk azmfxkwf aqmif½GufoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ &Jabmf[,f&Dweftm; aoewfESifh ypfowfjcif;onf<br />

,ckrS a½Smifwcifay:aygufvmjcif; r[kwf/ &mZ0iftqufqufu zqyvwdkY\ jyóemay:wdkif; vufeuftm;<br />

udk; tMurf;zufajz½Sif;a&;0g'rS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

þodkY tMurf;zufajz½Sif;enf;0g'udk yPmr umuG,frwm;qD;EkdifonfESifhtrQ aemifwGifvnf; &Jabmf<br />

[,f&DwefuJhodkY ausmif;om;uav;aygif;rsm;pGm owfjzwfjcif;cHae&rnf[k ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDu t

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Z-6) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme trIwGJtrSwf (156-[p) (56) rS aumufEkwfcsuf<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuf (1) - 1956 ck? rwfv (22) &uf? Mumoyaw;aeYwGif Armhacwf owif;pmwdkufteD; pka0;vsuf½Sdaom<br />

ausmif;om;xktm; vlpkcGJ&mwGif &JtzGJUrS aoewfjzifh ypfcwfvlpkcGJojzifh 'Pf&m&½Sd aoqHk;onfh udpöESifhywfoufí<br />

pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;&ef jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&u qHk;jzwfonfhtwdkif; jynfaxmifpk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHawmf or®wu txufygy#dyu©rIESifh ywfoufonfh jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYudk pHkprf;ppfaq;í EdkifiHawmf<br />

tpdk;&odkY tMuHÓPfrsm; wifoGif;tpD&ifcH&eftvdkYiSm atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;yg0ifonfh aumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;<br />

vdkufonf/<br />

obmywd- (1) w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;0efBuD; OD;pHarmif<br />

tzGJY0ifrsm;- (1) w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;0efBuD; OD;atmifomausmf<br />

(2) w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;0efBuD; r[moD&dok"r®m OD;aomif;pdef<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;- jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmerS cefYxm;&rnf/<br />

(2) aumfrwD\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/<br />

(u) txufyg y#dyu©rI rnfodkYpwifjzpfay:vmonf/<br />

(c) jzpfay:vmjcif; tusKd;taMumif;/<br />

(*) aoewfESifhypfcwf vlpkcGJ&jcif;onf jzpfay:aeonfh tajctaet& vdkvm;tyfonf^<br />

rvdkvm;tyfonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf tjcm;enf; vlpkcGJEdkifpGrf;½Sd^r½Sd/<br />

(C) aoewfESifhypfcwf vlpkcGJ&ef rvdktyfonfhudpöjzpfygu þodkY aoewfESifhypfcwf vlpkcGJ&mwGif<br />

rnfonfhyk*¾dKvfü wm0ef½Sdonf/<br />

(i) aemufaemif tvm;wludpörsm; jzpfay:jcif;udk wm;qD;&ef rnfodkYaqmif½Gufoifhonf/<br />

(p) aumfrwDrS tjcm;tMuHay;csufrsm;/<br />

(3) tqdkygtzGJUonf obmywd\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk oifhavQmfonfh ae&m? oifhavQmf<br />

onfh tcsdefrsm;wGif usif;yEdkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

(4) tqdkygtzGJUrSm rdrdwdkY aqmif½GufrItpDtpOf? rdrdwdkY oabmtwdkif; pDrHEdkifcGifhtmPmrsm; ½Sd&rnfhtjyif<br />

txufazmfjycJhonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk aqmif½GufEdkif&ef tvdkYiSm vdktyfaom pHkprf;ar;jref;rIwdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifay<br />

onf/ ¤if;jyif oufaorsm;udkyg ac:,lppfaq; ar;jref;rIwdkYudk jyKvkyfEkdifayonf/ ¤if;jyif oufaorsm;udkyg<br />

ac:,lppfaq; ar;jref;&ef tmPmvnf;½Sdonf/<br />

(5) aumfrwDonf zGJUpnf;onfh aeYrSpí (2) vtwGif; tpD&ifcHpmudk jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfxJa&;<br />

0efBuD;XmeodkY wifoGif;&rnf/ odkYaomf pHkprf;aepOftwGif; ta&;wBuD; ta&;,laqmif½Guf&efudpörsm; ay:ayguf<br />

vmygu aumfrwDonf Mum;jzwftMuHÓPfESifh tpD&ifcHpmudk wifoGif;&rnf/<br />

trdefh / / qHk;jzwfcsuf rdwÅLwapmifudk obmywdtzGJY0ifvlBuD;rsm;ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;xHodkh ydkhay;&rnf/<br />

aemufxyftrdefh / / þqHk;jzwfcsufudk trsm;odapjcif;iSm aMunm&rnf/<br />

trdefht&-<br />

(cifarmifjzL)<br />

twGif;0efcsKyf<br />

jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

&efukefNrdKY<br />

aehpGJ- 1317 ckESpf? waygif;vqef; (12) &uf (1956 ck? rwfv (23) &uf) trSwf-156-[p 56<br />

459

460<br />

rdwÅLudk-<br />

(1) obmywdESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vHk;<br />

(2) EdkifiHawmfor®w\ twGif;0ef<br />

(3) 0efBuD;rsm;tzGJU twGif;0ef<br />

(4) twGif;0ef? w&m;a&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

(5) twGif;0ef? b@ma&;ESifh tcGefawmf0efBuD;Xme<br />

(6) twGif;0ef? jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

(7) twGif;0ef? ynma&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

(8) jrefrmEdkifiHawmf aiGpm&if;rif;BuD;<br />

(9) twGif;0ef? w&m;vTwfawmf<br />

(10) tpdk;&yHkESdyfESifh pma&;ud&d,mXme0ef<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

þqHk;jzwfcsufudk txl;trdefhjyefwrf;w&yfjzifU tjrefqHk;xkwfa0yg&ef/<br />

trdefYt&-<br />

(Z-7) t"d|mefpmwrf;<br />

(vSarmif)<br />

'kwd,twGif;0ef<br />

jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme<br />

usqHk;avNyD;aom &Jabmf[,f&Dwef-<br />

ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;xk 'Drdkua&pDynma&;wdkufyGJwGif ajymifajymifajrmufajrmuf wdkufyGJ0ifvIyf½Sm;aeonfh<br />

&uo (&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>) onf tmPmydkifwdkY\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frItrsKd;rsKd; cHpm;ae&onfhtcsdef? igwdkY<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>&JUatmifvHudk ½dkufcsKd;ypfaeonfhtcsdefrSm rjzpfraejyKvkyfEdkifwJh <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;&JU oufwrf;½Snfa&;? ausmif;om;t<br />

cGifhta&; umuG,fa&;wdkYtwGuf rkcsraoG ay:EdkifpGrf;½Sdrnf[k igwdkY ,HkMunfayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xk&mZ0ifwGif ausmif;om;xk tcGihfta&;wdkufyGJMum;rS vlowform;tpdk;&&JU vufcsufeJY<br />

usqHk;oGm;&wJh &Jabmfudk igwdkYb,faomtcg umvwGifrS arhaysmuf&vdrfhrnf r[kwfaMumif; uwdjyKvdkufayonf/<br />

vufeuftm;udk; tMurf;zuftkyfcsKyfaeaom tpdk;&\ vlowf0g'pepfqdk;t& v,form;? tvkyform;<br />

rsm;eJY ausmif;om;vli,fawG&JU vnfacsmif;aoG;udk aoG;iwfbDvl; zqyv qdk½S,fvpftpdk;&[m Nrdefa&½Sufa&<br />

oHk;aqmifaeayNyD/ tjypfrJhaom jynfolvlxktm; aoewftm;udk; tkyfcsKyfae½Hkru jyóemwdkif;udk at;csrf;pGm<br />

ajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; tMurf;zufaomenf;jzifh ajz½Sif;aeayonf/<br />

þ zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&\ tMurf;zufpepfqdk;aMumifhyifvQif oifonf r½IrvScE¨ma

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

&Jabmf[,f&Dwefe,fcsJUorm;<br />

NAdwdoQtpdk;&wdkYonf Adkvfatmifausmfukd owfNyD; ausmif;om;aoG; ajruscJh&ay\/ jynfolw&yfvHk;<br />

0rf;enf;idka

462<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(ps-1) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

(1) vufaxmuftaqmifrSL;rsm; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fpGufzufu aumfrwDrS ta&;,l&ef?<br />

(2) ausmif;aqmif pmzwfcef;rsm;twGuf vdktyfovdk xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef?<br />

(3) tcef;jyLwif;aygufESifh rSef? w½kwfuwfrsm; rawmfwq ysufpD;cJhvQif avQmfaMu; rawmif;&ef?<br />

(4) o[m,ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif yefumrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

(5) ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm;wGif t0wftxnf bD'dkwvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef?<br />

(6) ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif (24) em&DvHk; a&&½Sd&ef?<br />

(7) a&aomuf&ef (Water Tap) rsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

(8) ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeí teHYtoufrsm; rcHEdkifaom tdrfomrsm;tm; jyKjyifay;&ef/<br />

(ps-2) &efukefwuúodkvftwGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

(1) trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif w,fvDzkef;wckpD wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

(2) &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf w,fvDzkef;wckpD wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

(3) ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wckESifhwck pMuFefvrf;rsm; qufay;&ef?<br />

(4) xrif;pm;csdefudk o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wdkYu oabmusjyifqifcGifhay;&ef?<br />

(5) ausmif;aqmiftm;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaom csdefcGif? tav;? ',ftdk;rsm; jynfhpHkpGmay;&ef?<br />

(6) yk*H? ZGef;? xrif;csKdifhrsm; ysufpD;uGJ½Saeygu jynfhpHkpGm xyfjznfhay;&ef?<br />

(7) bwfpuufabm? abmfvDabm r½Sdao;aom taqmifrsm;wGif jyKvkyfay;&ef?<br />

(8) &wemESifh rmvmausmif;aqmifwGif opfMurf;cif;rsm; cif;ay;&ef?<br />

(9) ausmif;aqmifwdkif;½Sd ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;aeaom "gwfrD;BudK;? "gwfrD;cvkwfrsm; tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

(10) ausmif;aqmifcef;wdkif;wGif "gwfrD;tkyfaqmif;rsm; 0,f,lwyfqifay;&ef?<br />

(11) usef;rma&;xdcdkufaponfh '*Hkaqmif? a½Tbdkaqmif rD;zdkrsm;udk topfjyifqifay;&ef?<br />

(12) rsufESmMuuf vdkaeaom xrif;pm;cef;aqmifrsm;udk vdktyfovdk jyifqifay;&ef?<br />

(13) oxHkausmif;aqmif*dwf0wGif (rvG,fayguf) wpfck wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

(14) ausmif;aqmifwdkif;udk ESpfpOfaq;okwfay;&efESifh pmwdkufyHk; wvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef/<br />

txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfvm&ef wuou BudK;yrf;cJh&m oufqdkif&mrS qHk;jzwf<br />

oabmwlcJhMuonf/<br />

(ps-3) wuorS oD;jcm;awmif;qdkrIrsm;<br />

ynmoifMum;a&;<br />

1/ wuúodkvftoHk;p&dwf odef; (70) rS (65) odef;odkY avQmhcsonfudk y,fzsufí odef; (100) xufrenf;<br />

wdk;wufoHk;pGJap&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;om; (40) vQif t&nftcsif;jynfhq&m (1) a,muf xm;½Sd&ef?<br />

3/ pmoifcef;rsm;? ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf&ef?<br />

4/ avmu"gwfynmprf;oyf&ef ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

5/ Caution Fees udk y,fzsuf&ef?<br />

6/ enf;jyq&mrsm; wdk;csJUcefYxm;&ef?<br />

7/ Laboratory rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tvdk½SdaomtcsdefwGif prf;oyfcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

8/ ausmif;oHk;jy|mef; pmtkyfrsm;udk-<br />

(u) aps;EIef;csKdompGm 0,f,l&½SdEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmif½Gufay;&ef?<br />

(c) 0,f,lír&aom pmtkyfrsm;udk wuúodkvfü rjy|mef;&ef?<br />

9/ oufqdkif&mbmom&yfrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljyKEkdif&ef vufawGUrsufjrif qnf;yl;Edkif&eftwGuf-<br />

(u) a'oEÅ&A[kokw ½SmazGa&;twGuf aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(c) okawoeXmersm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

(Oyrm- blrdaA'twGuf owåKwGif;rsm;odkY vnf;aumif;? tEkynmpmaytwGuf yk*HodkY oGm;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&muf avhvmjcif;)<br />

10/ bmom&yfwdkif;wGif oD;jcm;ygarmu©rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

11/ wuúodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf toHk;p&dwfwdk;csJUay;í t&yf&yfrS pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm<br />

xm;ay;&ef?<br />

12/ wuúodkvfjywdkufwck wnfaqmuf&ef?<br />

13/ wuúodkvfyHkESdyfpufwck wnfaqmuf&ef?<br />

14/ ,ckESpf axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ,cifESpfuJhodkY jyefvnfay;&ef?<br />

15/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom ausmif;om;OD;a& &mcdkifEIef; ydkrdkay;&ef?<br />

16/ ,ckay;aeaom axmufyHhaMu;aiGrSm tppt&m&m ukefaps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaeaomaMumifh rzlvHkí axmufyhH<br />

aMu; 60d^- rS 80d^- wdk;ay;&ef/<br />

oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

1/ rD;&xm;? rD;oabFm? av,mOfysH paom c&D;oGm;,mOfrsm;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; w0ufcEIef;<br />

pD;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

2/ þw0ufEIef;jzifh pD;&mwGif toGm;tjyef r[kwfaomfvnf; w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

3/ þtcGifhta&;udk wOD;wa,mufwnf; oGm;onfhtcgwGifvnf; &½Sd&ef?<br />

4/ vufrSwf0,fonfh tcgwGifvnf; vufiif;w0ufjzifh 0,fcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

5/ vufrSwf vG,fulpGm0,fEdkif&ef oufqdkif&mrS pDpOfay;&ef?<br />

6/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYwGJrsm;? oD;oefYae&m &½SdcGifh aqmif½Gufay;&ef/<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;<br />

1/ wuúodkvfodkY 0ifa&mufonfhtcg rdbvufrSwfESifhwuG 0efcHcsufay;&jcif;udk y,fzsuf&ef?<br />

2/ wuúodkvfrSjyKvkyfxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyefvnfppfaq;í ausmif;om;xkqE´&,lum pnf;urf;<br />

csufrsm; jyKvkyf&ef?<br />

3/ atmufwdkbmta&;ESifh ywfoufí rEÅav;? &efukefwuúodkvfrsm;rS xkwfy,fcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

ausmif;0ifcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

4/ pmayoifMum;rIESifhausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif jyifyrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rjyKbJ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh<br />

(Academic Freedom) &½Sd&ef?<br />

5/ pmar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif ausmif;aqmifrS xkwfypfonfhpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef?<br />

6/ pm;ar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif ausmif;om;tjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;pepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef?<br />

7/ ausmif;aqmifc t&pfusay;oGif;&aom pepfudk y,fzsufí ,cifpepfa[mif;twdkif; jyefvnfxm;&½Sd&ef?<br />

8/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm;udk ,ciftwdkif; (2) v qdkif;ihH&ef?<br />

9/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif rD; (24) em&D tjynfhay;&ef?<br />

10/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif aevdkaom ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; aecGifhjyK&ef?<br />

11/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmifü aecGifhjyK&ef?<br />

12/ ausmif;aqmifpmzwfcef;rsm;ü pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif tpHkus xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef?<br />

13/ tcef;jyLwif;aygufESifh w½kwfuwfrsm; ysufpD;cJhvQif avsmfaMu;rawmif;bJ tjrefqHk;jyif&ef?<br />

14/ xrif;pm;cef;ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif yefumwyfqifay;&ef?<br />

15/ ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm;ü t0wfbD½dk wvHk;pDay;&ef?<br />

16/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;ü a&aomuf&ef a&ydkufacgif; (water tap) rsm; wckuspD wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

17/ a&udk (24) em&DvHk; (3) xyfxd ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif &½Sd&ef?<br />

18/ ysufpD;,dk,Gif;í teHYtoufrcHEdkifaom tdrfomrsm; jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

19/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk wvvHk;ydwfay;&ef?<br />

20/ Oypmaumvdyfrsm;udk awmifBuD;? jrpfBuD;em;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wGif zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

21/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwGif oD;jcm;pmwdkufwckpD zGifhay;&ef/<br />

463

464<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

q&mrsm;ESifUywfoufí<br />

1/ q&mrsm;\ pmoifcsdefudk qDavsmfatmif pDpOfowfrSwf&ef?<br />

2/ tu,fí tcsdefydkoif&ygu tydkaMu;ay;&ef?<br />

3/ q&mrsm;twGuf oD;oefYtdrfrsm; vHkavmufpGmay;&ef?<br />

4/ q&mrsm;tm; taMumif;rJh tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif; rjyK&ef? (Oyrm- OD;uHñGefY? OD;pHabmf)<br />

5/ q&mrsm;vpm wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

6/ q&mvdktyfaom ,ckvdktcsdefwGif q&mrsm;\ tcGifhta&; wdk;jr§ifhcefYxm;rIudk 'D*&Day:wGif rMunfhbJ<br />

vkyfoufESifhuRrf;usifrIudk Munfhí oifhawmfovdk &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;? cefYxm;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?<br />

7/ q&mrsm;\qEúdk qefYusifvsuf ausmif;om;ta&;rsm;wGif tpdk;&tmPmjzifh csKyfudkifvsuf 0ifa&muf<br />

pGufzufjcif;rjyK&ef/<br />

upm;ckefpm;<br />

1/ Tennis Court rsm;udk &efukefwuúodkvf? aq;odyÜH? &efuif;aumvdyf? xD;wef;aumvdyf? rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfESifh ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;tcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf aqmufvkyf<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

2/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwdkYwGif a&ul;uefwpfckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

3/ acwfrDaom tm;upm;½Hkrsm;udk rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? ausmufjzLaumvdyf? &efuif;<br />

aumvdyf? xD;wef;aumvdyfESifh aq;odyÜHwdkYwGif wckpDaqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

4/ um,Avenf;jyq&mrsm;udk aumvdyftoD;oD;wGif cefYxm;&ef?<br />

5/ acwfrDtm;upm;ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

6/ tm;upm;½HkvHkjcHKrItwGuf oHwHcg;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

7/ upm;½Hk½Sd ysufpD;aeaom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

8/ ysufpD;aeaom trdk;rsm; jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

9/ "gwfvdkufaeaom "gwfBudK;rsm; ta&;wBuD; jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

10/ usKd;yJhaeaom Murf;jyifrsm;udk jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

11/ upm;½Hkü em&Dwck wyfqifay;&ef? ysufpD;aeaom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; tjrefqHk;jyKjyifay;&ef/<br />

usef;rma&;<br />

1/ &efukefwuúodkvfaq;½Hkudk wdk;csJUay;&ef?<br />

2/ wdk;csJUonfh aq;½HkwGif aq;0g;ESifh acwfrD prf;oyfypönf;ud&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

3/ t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m0efrsm;ESifh olemjyKrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;wdkif; tcrJhaq;xkd;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

5/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh udkufnDaom ausmif;aq;½Hkwck aqmufvkyf&ef?<br />

6/ armfvNrdKifaumvdyfESifh ausmufjzLaumvdyfrsm;wGif tvm;wlaq;½HkwckpD aqmufvkyf&ef?<br />

7/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ul;pufwwfaom a&m*gumuG,faq;rsm; tcsdeftcgtvdkuf xdk;ay;&ef ( Oyrm-<br />

Smallpox, T.B, Anti-cholera)?<br />

8/ wuúodkvfe,fajrrsm;wGif usef;rma&;t&m½Sd (Oyrm-Public Health Inspector ) rsm;xm;½Sd&ef/<br />

ausmif;olrsm;twGuf<br />

1/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf aq;½Hkwckaqmufvkyfí aq;ukocHEdkif½HkrQru tem;,lEdkif&eftxd aqmif½Guf<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf tm;upm;½Hkwck wnfaqmufay;&ef?<br />

3/ trsKd;orD;tm;upm;rSL;rsm; cefYtyf&ef/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

1/ aq;odyÜHausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vuf½Sdq&mOD;a&rSm rnDrrQjzpfaeojzifh aemufxyfq&mrsm; wdk;cefYxm;<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

2/ aq;odyÜH½Sd ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vuf½Sd"gwfcGJcef; toHk;taqmifrsm;rSm rvHkavmufí vHkavmufpGm<br />

xm;ay;&ef?<br />

3/ vuf½Sd aq;r[mXmeudk oD;jcm;aumvdyf (Constituent College) tjzpf todtrSwfjyKvkyf ajymif;vTJ<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

4/ aq;odyÜHwGif q&maumif;rsm; &½Sdap&ef ,ckq&mrsm;tm; ay;xm;aom vpmEIef;rsm; wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

5/ pdef*Ref;vrf;½Sd ausmif;aqmifrsm; ae&mwGif yHkpHcsNyD;om; tkwfausmif;aqmifrsm;udk tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyf<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

6/ vuf½Sd 'kwd,ESpf aq;oifwef; (3) BudrfuspepfaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; txl;epfemojzifh repfemap&ef<br />

jyefvnfaqG;aEG; jyKjyifay;&ef? (54 a,muf xkwfy,fNyD; jzpfonf/)<br />

7/ aq;odyÜHpmMunfhwdkufwGif acwfrDaompmtkyfrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sdí vHkavmufpGm iSm;,lzwfEdkif&ef<br />

&efyHkaiG wdk;csJUydkrdkoHk;pGJay;&ef?<br />

8/ aq;odyÜH½Sd aq;½HkodkY aq;oifwef;qif;Muaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rqif;rD "gwfrSef½dkufjcif;ESifh<br />

(6) vwBudrf "gwfrSef ½dkufay;jcif;?<br />

9/ aq;odyÜHudk axmufyHhaMu;topfrsm; yxrESpf0uftwGif;wGif tNyD;owf pDpOfxkwfay;&ef/<br />

q&mtwwfoifausmif;rsm;twGuf<br />

1/ bDattD;'D atmifjrifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; bDtD;'DodkY wufa&mufoifMum;vdku oifMum;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

2/ axmufyhHaMu;,lxm;aomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&tvkyfudk rvkyfvdkygu axmufyHhaMu;aiG (2) q<br />

avsmf&rnf qdkonfudk ½kyfodrf;&ef?<br />

3/ bDattD;'Drsm; jyefwrf;0ift&m½Sd vpmay;&ef?<br />

4/ bDattD;'Drsm; tajccHvpm (300) rS &½Sda&;/<br />

tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

1/ tif*sifeD,maumvdyfpmMunfhwdkufwGif pmtkyftjynfhtpHkESifh qdwfNidrfaom pmzwfcef;wck xm;½Sd&ef?<br />

2/ vdktyfaeaom vufawGU prf;oyfcef;rsm; jzpfonfh-<br />

(u) Thermodynamic lab:<br />

(c) Mechanical lab:<br />

(*) Sounatary lab: (3) ckudk aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

3/ acwfrDaomyHkpHrsm; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf jynfhpHkpGm xm;ay;&ef?<br />

4/ acwfrDaom wdkif;onfhypönf;rsm; (Survey Instruments) udk jynfhpHk vHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef?<br />

5/ tif*sifeD,modyÜHwef;rsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom bmom&yfrsm;udk tif*sifeD,modyÜH pmoifcef;rsm;wGif oifMum;<br />

Edkif&ef pDpOfay;&ef?<br />

6/ ,ck aqmufvkyfqJ tif*sifeD,modyÜHtaqmuftODudk tjrefqHk;NyD;pD;atmif aqmufvkyf&ef/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvftwGuf<br />

1/ ausmif;om;wkdif; oHk;pGJEdkifaom w,fvDzkef;wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

2/ trsKd;orD; ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü w,fvDzkef;wckpDxm;&ef?<br />

3/ &efuif;ESif xD;wef;aumvdyfausmif;aqmifrsm;ü ausmif;om;rsm;oHk;&ef w,fvDzkef;wckpD xm;½Sd&ef?<br />

4/ &efuif;aumvdyfESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfrsm;udk ,ckuJhodkY rcGJjcrf;bJ &efukefNrdKUü oifhawmfonfh ae&mwGif<br />

jynfhpHkaom Oypmaumvdyfwckudk wnfaxmifay;&ef?<br />

5/ ausmif;aqmifOya'rsm;onf rvdkufemEdkifatmif wif;usyfvGef;í tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;í ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumfrwDwGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

465

466<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

6/ o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wdkuf½dkuf ta&;,laqmif½Guf<br />

&ef?<br />

7/ yk*Hausmif;aqmifajrae&mü ausmif;aqmifopfwckESifh tjcm;ae&mü ausmif;aqmifwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

8/ pmzwfcef;ESifh xrif;pm;cef;wdkYudk wywf (2) Budrfusom taqmifaumfrwD cGifhjyKcsuf&rSoHk;jcif;udk<br />

y,fzsufí ,cifuuJhodkY ausmif;aqmif ausmif;om;rsm; vdktyfovdk oHk;pGJcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

9/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wckESifhwck pMuFefvrf; cif;ay;&ef?<br />

10/ xrif;pm;csdefrsm;udk oufqdkif&m pmzwftoif;rsm;\ oabmus oifhawmfovdk jyifcGifhay;&ef?<br />

11/ ausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;ü vdktyfaom csdefcGif? tav;? ',ftdk;? ZGef;? yef;uef? cGufrsm; jynfhpHkpGm<br />

xm;ay;&ef?<br />

12/ ausmif;om;rsm; upm;ckefpm;a&;twGuf ypönf;rsm;udk tvHktavmuf xkwfay;&ef?<br />

13/ taqmifopfrsm;ü ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf upm;ckefpm; &efyHkaiGudk tcsKd;us ydkrdkay;&ef?<br />

14/ bwfpuufabmESifh abmfvDabmuGif;r½Sdaom taqmifrsm;wGif tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;&ef?<br />

15/ &wemESifh rmvmausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif oD&dESifh tif;vsm;aqmifrsm;uJhodkY Murf;cif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;&ef?<br />

16/ oD&daqmifü (4) a,mufom aeoifhaom tcef;rsm;wGif (6) a,muf rxm;&ef?<br />

17/ ausmif;aqmifü ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom "gwfBudK;ESifh "gwfrD;cvkwfrsm; tjrefqHk;vJay;&ef?<br />

18/ ausmif;aqmifcef;wdkif;wGif "gwfrD;? tkyfaqmif;ESifh vdkaom rD;acgif;rsm; wyfqif&ef?<br />

19/ '*Hkausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;wGif rD;zdkrS rD;cdk;rsm; 0ifa&mufjcif;udk jyKjyif&ef?<br />

20/ &efukefwuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif; arSmifrJaeaom vrf;[loí rD;rsm;wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

21/ ausmif;aqmifcef;cudk (10) odkY avQmhcsí pm;aomufa&;ü aiGydk&ef?<br />

22/ rsufESmMuufvdktyfaom ausmif;aqmifxrif;pm;cef;rsm;wGif wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

23/ oxHkausmif;aqmifwHcg;wGif ta&;½Sdu oHk;Edkif&eftwGuf tjcm;taqmifrsm;uJhodkY rvG,faygufxm;í<br />

n (12) em&Dtxd zGifhxm;ay;&ef?<br />

24/ ausmif;aqmifpm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfoufaom pDrHcefYcGJrItcGifhta&;ESifh tmPm? aiGudk ,cifuJhoYdk<br />

ausmif;aqmif pm;aomufa&;trIaqmiftzGJUodkY vTJay;&ef?<br />

25/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;udk ESpfpOf aq;okwfay;&efESifh pmwdkufyHk;wvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef?<br />

26/ vuf½Sd aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; em;ae&mtcef; wdk;csJUay;&ef? yefumESifh vQyfppfrD; wyfay;&ef?<br />

tdrfomudk oefY½Sif;pGm jyKvkyfay;&ef?<br />

27/ aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; pm;aomufa&;twGuf usef;rma&;ESifh nDñGwfí oGm;vma&;vG,ful&ef<br />

pm;aomufqdkifwck zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

28/ ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf upm;ckefpm;&efyHkaiG wdk;ay;&efESifh tm;upm;ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;ay;<br />

&ef?<br />

29/ aeYausmif;om;rsm;tcef;wGif a&'D,dkwvHk;xm;ay;&ef?<br />

30/ wuúodkvf½Hk;cef;udk wdk;csJUí tvkyform;rsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;&ef/<br />

Oya'ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

1/ Oya'oifwef;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifwGif aecGifhjyK&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;vcavQmh&ef?<br />

3/ Oya'oifwef;pmar;yGJrsm;udk wESpfvQif (2) Budrf ppfaq;ay;&ef/<br />

&efuif;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

1/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;aqmifESifh A[kdxrif;pm;cef;rudk qufoG,fí pMuFefvrf;rsm; aqmufvkyf<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

2/ vuf½Sd xrif;pm;cef;rsm;wdk;csJUí xrif;pm;cef;wGif xkdifcHk? pm;yGJrStp vdktyfaeaomypönf;rsm; tvHk<br />

tavmuf xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

3/ csufjyKwf&eftcef;twGuf oefY½Sif;pGmESifh ypönf;tpHktvifay;&ef?

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

4/ aumif;rGefoefY½Sif;aom a&csKd;cef;rsm; tvHktavmufay;&ef?<br />

5/ ysufpD;aeaom a&ydkufrsm; jyifqifay;&ef?<br />

6/ a&csKd;cef;wGif t0wfavQmf&ef a

468<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

r½Sdap&ef trdefYcH,lapjcif;? oydwfwm;Oya'rsm;jzifh tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkcGifhudk ydwfyifxm;jcif;? tmPmvuf½SdygwD<br />

rsm;ESifh qefYusifolrsm;udk aomif;usef;olrsm;[k wHqdyfuyfum opömazmufOya'rsm;jzifh owfjzwfaejcif;? tpdk;&tzGJUudk<br />

ra0zef&Jatmif yk'fr (500) toa&zsufrIOya'rsm; jyKvkyfMuHpnfaeayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf? atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIonf ausmif;om;w&yfvHk; vdk<br />

vm;axmufcHrI &cJhonfhtjyif qdkif&mtmPmydkifwdkYESifhawGUqHkum at;csrf;pGm qE´jyawmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm; tpkvdkuf tjyHKvdkuf ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif;? zrf;qD;cH&jcif; ponfh zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm; cHpm;cJh&avonf/<br />

,ckuJhodkY yk'fxD;yk'frtrsKd;rsKd;udk rvdkwrsKd;vdkwrsKd; oHk;pGJvsuf½Sdonfhtjyif wdwfwdwfykef;wrsKd;? ajAmifwrsKd;<br />

Ncdrf;ajcmufowfjzwfum 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;aeayonf/ xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;½Sd jynfol<br />

vlxkrSm ]aponfUuRef? xGefonfUEGm;yrm} vkyfcHae&½kHrQ ae&ayonf/<br />

odkYygaomaMumifh ArmEdkifiHtm; 'Drdkua&pDenf;pepfus xlaxmifxm;aom wdkif;oljynfom;rsm; tajccHtcGifh<br />

ta&;ay;um jynfolYtpdk;& xlaxmifvdkygvQif tajccHpnf;rsOf;\ Oya'udkcsKd;azmufum vuf½SdjyKusifhcJhaom csKyfcs,frI<br />

yk'fxD;yk'frtrsKd;rsKd;udk ½kyfodrf;&ef awmif;qdkvdkuf&ayonf/<br />

a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

oifMum; ae&avonf/ oifMum;&aom ynm&yfrsm;rSm jynfolw&yfvHk; tusKd;jyK&rnfhtpm; rdrdwudk,faumif;<br />

ynm&yfrsm;om jzpfaecJhonf/<br />

xkdYaMumifh jrefrmjynf\ ynma&;pepfonf rnfodkYyif jynfawmfomynma&;yif a

470<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdkYaMumifh ,aeY tpdk;&onf vlxktm; zdESdyfjcif;? 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm;udk enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh wm;qD;<br />

ydwfyifjcif;rsm;udk av;eufpGm uefYuGufvdkuf&ygonf/<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdk<br />

,refESpfu ynma&;toHk;p&dwf odef; (900) oHk;&mrS? ,ckESpfwGif odef; (754) odef; avsmhcsoHk;pGJvmayonf/<br />

þodkY ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk avsmhoHk;vmjcif;rSm ynma&;udk vspfvsL½Ijcif;ESifh zdESdyfrIjzpfaom wdkif;jynfumuG,fa&;<br />

ppftoHk;p&dwfudk rsm;pGmoHk;pGJjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ ppfwyftwGuf odef; (4000) ausmf oHk;pGJaeayonf/ ppfom;w<br />

a,muftwGuf vufeufud&d,mrS tvHk;pHkwyfqifa&;twGuf wESpf (4000) ausmf ukefusaecsdef ausmif;om;wa,muf<br />

twGuf wESpf (350d^-) om oHk;pGJaeayonf/ ppfom;wa,muf (1) ESpfoHk;aiGudk ausmif;om;aygif; (11) a,mufausmf<br />

twGuf oHk;pGJEdkifayonf/ ,cktcsdeftxd jyLapmxD;pDrHudef;qdkNyD; trIxrf;rsm;? t&yfom;rsm;tm; vufeufwyfqif&ef<br />

twGuf wc½dkifvQif (1) odef; owfrSwfxm;ay&m ¤if;aiGudk ynma&;wGifoHk;pGJvQif ausmif;taqmuftOD taumif;qHk;<br />

waqmifaomf vnf;aumif; (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;aygif; (300) rQavmuf vnf;aumif; oHk;pGJEdkifayonf/<br />

þodkY ppfwyfrsm;twGuf oHk;pGJae&jcif;rSm jynfwGif;ppf vufeufudkif wdkufcdkufae&jcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/<br />

jynfwGif;ppfudk &yfpJum at;csrf;om,mrI½SdrSomvQif ,aeYppftoHk;p&dwfrsm;avsmhyg;um ynma&;udk wdk;wufoHk;pGJ<br />

Edkifrnf jzpfayonf/<br />

jynfwGif;ppf jzpfyGm;onfrSm (7) ESpf (7) vausmf MumcJhayNyD/ jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;&jcif;rSm zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;ESifh<br />

EdkifiHa&; rauseyfrIrS jzpfay:jcif;udk trSDjyKum vufeufpGJudkif ajz½Sif;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vm&ayonf/ ppfaMumifh<br />

vlxkrsm;pGm toufqHk;½IH;jcif;? pnf;pdrfOpömrsm; ysufjyKef;&jcif;ESifh awGUMuHK&NyD; wOD;ESifhwOD; tjywftowf ESdrfeif;Edkif<br />

jcif;iSm rpGrf;ombJjzpfaeonf/ jynfwGif;ppfudk&yfpJ&efrSm wOD;ESifhwOD; awGUqHkaqG;aEG;um at;csrf;om,mpGm ajz½Sif;<br />

EdkifrSomvQif jzpfayrnf/<br />

odkYaMumifh tpdk;&ESifh vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefaeolwdkY awGUqHkaqG;aEG;um jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJNyD; jynfwGif;Nidrf;<br />

csrf;a&;udk t&,lMu&ef awmif;qdkvdkufygaMumif;/<br />

urÇmha&;&mtqdk<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfaMumifh vlrsm;pGmaoaMuí taqmuftODrsm;pGm jymyHktwd a&mufcJh&onf/ odkYtwGuf urÇmol<br />

urÇmom;wdkYrSm ppfudk rsm;pGm½GHU½Smrkef;wD;vmonf/ awGUMuHKcJh&aom oifcef;pmaMumifh ppfjzpfa&;udkyif jiif;qdkvsufyif<br />

½Sdonf/<br />

odkYaomf ppfudk ½GHUrkef;um rvdkvm;aom urÇmol? urÇmom;wdkYESifhqefYusifzufjyKum aoG;aqmifol wpkonf<br />

aemufxyf urÇmppfBuD;wck ay:aygufa&;twGuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh BudK;pm;vsuf ½Sdaeonf/ rdrdwdkY\ wdkif;jynfrsm;ü<br />

ppftoHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhum ppfom;rsm;wdk;csJUjcif;? vufeufwyfqifjcif;? tpkvdkuftjyHKvkduf aoapwwfaom tEkjrLAHk;?<br />

[dkuf'½dk*sifAHk;rsm; prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvsuf ½Sdaeonf/ udk&D;,m;? AD,uferfwdkYwGif jzpfyGm;aom ppfyGJrsm;udk<br />

vnf; rNyD;qHk;atmif MuHaqmifcJhMuonf/ aewdk;? qD;wdk; ppftkyfpkrsm;zGJUum ppfjzpf&ef jyifqifjcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;rsm;<br />

jyKvkyfaeayonf/<br />

þodkY aoG;iwfolwpkonf ppftwGufvIHUaqmfjyifqifjcif;rSm ¤if;wdkY\ tjrwftpGef;&½Sda&;twGuf vlom;<br />

w&yfvHk;tm; ysufjyKef;ap&ef MuHaqmifjcif;? urÇmol? urÇmom;wdkY\qE´udk ypfy,fjcif;om jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGuf<br />

aMumifh aemufxyf ppfBuD;wck ray:aygufa&;twGuf umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwf avsmhcsjcif;? ppfom;rsm; avQmhayghjcif;/<br />

vufeufrsm; prf;oyfjcif;? usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrsm; jyKjcif;? ppftkyfpkrsm; zGJUjcif;rsm;udk wm;jrpf&ef vdktyfayonf/<br />

ppfBuD;rjzpfyGm;ap&eftwGuf wif;rmrIrsm;udk at;csrf;om,mpGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;&ef vdkayonf/ þodkY ajz½Sif;<br />

jcif;aMumifhvnf; AD,uferf? udk&D;,m;wGif ppf&yfpJí ppfajyNidrf;jcif;rsm; xkwfazmfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf ausmif;om;xkESifh vlxkw&yfvHk;onf aemufxyfwzef ppfBuD; rjzpfyGm;a&;twGuf ppftoHk;p&dwf<br />

avsmhayghjcif;? ppftiftm;avsmhjcif;? vufeufBuD;rsm; prf;oyfjcif; rjyKvkyfjcif;? ppfpmcsKyf? ppftkyfpkrsm;udk zsufodrf;<br />

jcif;? usL;ausmfrIrsm;udk a½SmifuGif;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfum wOD;ESifhwOD; awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh urÇmYwif;rmrIrsm; avsmhyg;<br />

um urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkMu&ef? aqmif½GufMu&ef tqdkwifoGif;vdkufygonf/<br />

þodkYjzifh &mZ0ifrSwfwrf;wif&r,fh (35) BudrfajrmuftrsKd;om;aeYrSm uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;xkawG[m<br />

(1) udkvdkeDynma&;pepfzsufodrf;a&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDynma&;wnfaqmufa&;?

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(2) zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIawG wGef;vSefypfa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; &½Sda&;?<br />

(3) e,fcsJUpepf (0g) vuf0g;BuD;tkyft&if;½Sifpepf zsufodrf;a&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; xdef;odrf;jr§ifh<br />

wifa&;?<br />

(4) jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; wnfaqmufa&;?<br />

(5) wwd,urÇmppfwm;qD;a&;? urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;BuD;awGudk taumiftxnf<br />

azmfEdkifzdkYtwGuf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;[m nDnDñGwfñGwf wdkufyGJ0ifMu&ef qHk;jzwft"d|mefjyKMuygpdkU/<br />

(X) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pwkw¦tBudrfnDvmcH<br />

pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD;udk 13? 1? 1955 &uf<br />

aeYwGif usif;ycJhygonf/ þnDvmcHonf &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> (25) ESpfajrmuf aiG&wkobifyGJawmfBuD;ESifh wquf<br />

wnf; usif;yaomaMumifh ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;ESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>&mZ0ifwGif xl;jrwfaomt"dyÜg,fudk aqmifcJh<br />

ygonf/ 1954-55 ckESpf yxrydkif;wGif tmPmydkifrsm;u <strong>or*¾</strong>udk ausmif;aumifpDjzifh tpm;xkd;zsufqD;&ef MuH½G,fcJhay<br />

onf/<br />

qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap 'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh tmPmydkifrsm;udk ckcHumuG,fum &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>onf<br />

(25) ESpfajrmuf tcrf;tem;udk usif;ycJhayonf/ xdkodkY usif;yEdkifjcif;onf &efukefwuúokdvf<strong>or*¾</strong> wnfjrJa&;ESifh<br />

ckcHwdkufcdkufum atmifyGJqifETJjcif; jzpfayonf/ þatmifyGJESifhtwl Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHusif;yvdkufjcif;onf<br />

a½SUwGif ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong> tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ysufpD;&ef &nf½G,fcsufudk wdkufzsuf&ef tm;opfavmif;vdkufjcif;<br />

jzpf&m ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;ESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>&mZ0ifwGif xl;jrwfaom t"dyÜg,faqmifcJhayonf/<br />

(!) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkaZmf0if; (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf) wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpm<br />

uRefawmfwdkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;vdktyfcsufrsm;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí 1954 ck? ZGefrS<br />

pufwifbmvtxd &efukef? vufyHwef;? awmifil? yJEG,fukef;? atmifvH? rdacsmif;&J? puk? [oFmw? ykodrf? zsmyHk?<br />

ausmif;ukef;? armfvNrdKifuRef;? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;aqmifopf aqmufvkyfa&;? a[mif;EGrf;aeaom ausmif;rsm;<br />

jyifqifa&;twGuf awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhygonf/ rdacsmif;&J? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifqE´jycJhygonf/<br />

yJEG,fukef;? usKHrai; paomNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkifaiGaMu;aumufcHum aqmufvkyfcJhMu<br />

onf/ Nrdwf? awmifil? ausmif;ukef;? Aef;armf? [oFmw? rdk;ukwfNrdKUrsm;wGif qE´jyawmif;qdkcJhMu\/ NrdwfNrdKUü<br />

pmroifMum;bJ xkdifoydwfarSmuf qE´jyonftxd tqifha&mufcJhonf/ þodkYjzifh ArmEdkifiHt&yf&yfwGif ausmif;om;xk<br />

w&yfvHk; vdktyfcsuftwGuf awmif;qdkrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; atmifjrifpGm raqmif½GufEdkifonfhtwGuf ausmif;om;<br />

xk vdktyfcsufESifh awmif;qdkrIrSm atmifjrifrIESifh a0;cJh&ayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;twGuf ausmif;om;rsm;vkdvm;csuf? epfemcsufrsm;udk zqyv qdk½S,f<br />

vpfwdkY tydkifpD;xm;aom tpdk;&onf ausmif;om;xktm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fum ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyifwm;<br />

qD;&efBudK;yrf;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;ta&;wGif pGrf;pGrf;wrHaqmif½GufcJhaom ppfawGc½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkausmf<br />

vSjzLESifh trIaqmif (3) a,muftm; ausmif;xkwfypfcJhjcif;? tzGJUcsKyf 'k-Ouú| udkxGef;azudk zrf;qD;jcif; jyKvkyfcJhay<br />

onf/ ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif acgif;aqmifolrsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>wGif rvkyfygbl;[k 0efcHuwdjyKum ausmif;wGif vufcHjcif;<br />

jyKcJhayonf/ awmifilrS (7) a,muf? tif;pdefrS (4) a,muf? OuúHrS (3) a,mufwdkYtm; ausmif;xkwfjcif;rsm; jyKrl<br />

cJhonf/ ArmEdkifiHt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm; jyKcJhayonf/ &efukefNrdKU tpdk;&ausmif;<br />

rsm;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>rzGJUEdkifap&ef tpdk;&u q&mBuD;rsm;tm; tcGifhray;bJ xm;cJhonf/ &efukefNrdKU A[dktpdk;&ausmif;rS<br />

ausmif;q&mrBuD;u ydwfyifcJhavonf/ trsKd;orD; pmoifwef;ausmif;rSm apmapmydkif;wGif zGJUcGifhray;bJ xm;NyD;aemuf<br />

q&mrBuD; a':oef;oef;u 'Dtufpftdkrsm; ac:,lum <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUay;cJhonf/ þrQyifruao; &efukefNrdKU½Sd EdkifiHawmftpdk;&<br />

ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;om; aMunmpmwrf;rsm; a0iSjcif;rjyK&ef? ruyf&[laom trdefYrsm; xkwfjyefcJhonf/ aemufqHk;<br />

trSwf (4) pH&dyfNidrf? pHy,fjcH? urm½Gwf½Sd tzGJUcsKyfwnf&mudkyif ykvdyfrsm;jzifh0dkif;0ef;um ypönf;rsm;½SmazGjcif;? pm<br />

ul;puf? vufESdyfpuf? pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm; odrf;jcif; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þodkY ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; ydwfyifwm;qD;<br />

&m0,f ynma&;XmerS wdwfwqdwfñTefMum;um zqyvqdk½S,fvpfwdkYu q&mrsm;udk "g;pmcHtjzpfapcdkif;jcif; jyKvkyfcJh<br />

471

472<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ayonf/ odkYaomf q&mtenf;i,frSty ajrmufrsm;pGmaom q&mrsm;onf cdkif;aponfhtwkdif; rvkyf½HkrQru tcsKdUa'o<br />

rsm;wGif ausmif;om;xkzufrS yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhayonf/ þodkYjzifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;<br />

pkpnf;NyD;umuG,f&ef ½Sdvmayonf/ þwm0efudkpl;pdkufum rxrf;aqmifEdkifcJhonfhtwGuf zqyvtpdk;&onf vuf&J<br />

Zuf&Jjzpfum wjznf;jznf; zdESdyfvmonfudk awGU½kHrQru ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;uvnf; tzGJUcsKyftay:wGif rSDcdktm;<br />

xm;jcif;rsm; wjznf;jznf; uG,faysmufvmonfudk awGU&ayonf/ a½SUwGif tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk<br />

aqmif½Gufjcif;? tcGifhta&;udk umuG,fjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk zdzdpD;pD;tm½Hkpl;pkdufum raqmif½GufEdkifygu ausmif;om;<br />

xkw&yfvHk; ,HkMunftm;udk; axmufcHrIrsm;onf avsmhenf;vmrnfyif jzpfavonf/<br />

tzGJUcsKyfonf <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcGJrsm; zGJUpnf;a&;twGuf rEÅav;? ppfudkif;? a½Tbdk? aumvif;? rdk;n§if;? uom?<br />

Aef;armf? jrpfBuD;em;? jynf? o&uf? armfvNrdKif? xm;0,f? &cdkifwdkif;? jrpf0uRef;ay:a'orsm;? jrif;jcH? rdwD¬vm?<br />

awmifil? om,m0wD? tkwfzdk? wdkufBuD;? yJcl;rS ysOf;rem;txd vnf;aumif;? pnf;½Hk;a&;rsm; qif;cJhMuaomfvnf;<br />

tiftm;wdk;oifhoavmuf rwdk;jcif;um; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;tusKd;ESifh tcGifhta&;udk a½SUwef;rS<br />

rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfum aqmif½Gufrnfh ausmif;om;xk rSDcdktm;xm;&m tzGJUtpnf;BuD; w&yf[k ausmif;om;xk<br />

w&yfvHk;u rjrifao;onfhtwGuf jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xk pnf;½Hk;a&;wGifvnf; wzufrS tzGJUcsKyfu avsmh&Jaeonf<br />

ESifhtrQ qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap ausmif;om;opömazmuf 'DtufpftdkwdkYonf q&mrsm; tultnDjzifh vnf;aumif;?<br />

Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? tzGJUcsKyfpnf;½Hk;a&;udk zsufqD;&ef MuH½G,fcJhMuonf/ þodkY aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk<br />

wm;qD;&efrSm ausmif;om;xk pnf;½Hk;nDñGwfa&;jzifh jyefvnf wkHYjyefwdkufcdkufrI½SdrSom jzpfEdkifayvdrfhrnf/ þodkY<br />

wdkufcdkufjcif; rjyKcJhygvQif? tzGJUcsKyf pnf;½Hk;a&;onf NydKuGJysufpD; &ayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh vmrnfhESpf trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

tm;? tzGJUcsKyfpnf;½Hk;a&;tm; pepfwusvkyfudkifyg&ef wdkufwGef;vdkuf&ygonf/<br />

jyefMum;a&;AsL½dkonf <strong>or*¾</strong>*sme,fwapmif xkwfa0&ef tpdk;&xH cGifhawmif;cJhaomfvnf; r&½SdcJhay/ þodkY<br />

r&aomfvnf; jyefMum;a&;AsL½dkonf tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmazGvkyfaqmifoifhonf/ þodkY raqmif½Gufygu tzGJUcsKyf<br />

vkyfief;rsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;u pHkaphpGmrod jzpfcJh&ayonf/ jyefMum;a&;AsL½dktaeESifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf owif;pmapmifudk<br />

(1) BudrfomvQif xkwfa0 jzefYcsdEdkifayonf/ &cdkifwdkif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ppfwyfrS rw&m;zrf;qD; n§Of;qJjcif;ESifh<br />

ywfoufí ausmif;om;awGudk zrf;NyD[laom aMunmcsufwapmifESifh wwd,tBudrfajrmuftzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHwGif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om; tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;aumfrwDrS Ouú| udktkef;armif wifoGif;onfh atmufwdkbmta&;<br />

awmfyHk tpD&ifcHpmudk xkwfa0jzefYcsdcJhaomfvnf; qufoG,fa&; tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkif;odkY ra&mufcJhay/<br />

jyefMum;a&;AsL½dk ysuf,Gif;csufrsm; ½SdcJhonfrSm b@ma&;csKdUwJhrIaMumifhvnf; wydkif;yg0ifayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; oufomacsmifcsda&;twGuf tzGJUcsKyfrSOD;pD;um aqmif½Gufoifhayonf/ þvkyfief;rSm<br />

,aeY Armausmif;om;xktwGuf ta&;wBuD; tm½Hkpl;pdkufvkyf&rnfhtvkyfjzpfay&m oufomacsmifcsda&;AsL½dkonf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; oufomacsmifcsda&; w&yfzGJU&ef BudK;pm;cJhaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay/ urÇmYausmif;om; oufom<br />

acsmifcsda&;aumfrwDESifh tquftoG,f rvkyfonfhtjyif urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rSay;aom oGm;bufXme ud&d,m<br />

rsm;udkvnf; b@ma&;tcuftcJaMumifh ,cktcsdeftxd a½G;,lEdkifjcif;r½Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ [oFmwNrdKU rD;ab;oifh<br />

&mwGif 'ku©a&muf&aom ausmif;om;rsm; twGuf wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wwftm;oa½GU 0dkif;0ef;ulnD&ef<br />

ñTefMum;ay;EdkifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf? [oFmwc½dkif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yl;aygif;um ausmif;<br />

om;? ausmif;olrsm;xH tvSLaiGaumufcHNyD; pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk [oFmw rD;ab;oifh ausmif;om; rsm;tm; tultnD<br />

ay;cJhonf/<br />

EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;aumfrwDtaeESifh urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh qufoG,fxm;onfh<br />

tavsmuf qufoG,frIvkyfief;rsm; aqmif½Guf&ayrnf/ tjcm;urÇmt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhvnf; qufoG,f&ef<br />

BudK;pm;&ayrnf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (I.U.S) odkY tpD&ifcHpmtjzpf owif;rsm;? (2) Budrfom ydkYaqmifEdkifcJh<br />

onf/ ay;ydkYaompmrsm;? owif;pm*sme,frsm;rSm vrf;wGif aysmufqHk;ae&m aysmufqHk;rIudk wm0ef,laom pmwdkufzuf<br />

tm; xda&mufpGm ta&;rqdkEdkif jzpfcJhonf/ (I.U.S) udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfaom trf'AvsL½dkufonf &efukefNrdKUodkY acwå0if<br />

a&mufvm&m tzGJUcsKyfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;onf/ urÇmY'Drdkua&pDvli,frsm;tzGJUcsKyfodkY quf<br />

oG,fa&;pm ay;ydkYcJhonf/ MopaMw;vswuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHBuD;odkY tzGJUcsKyf o0PfvTm ay;ydkYcJhonf/<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aumifpD tpnf;ta0;yGJudk armfpudkwGif usif;yrnfudk tzGJUcsKyf udk,fpm;vS,f jzpfaom udkpdef0if;?<br />

udkvSatmif? udkausmfjrifhwdkYtm; a½G;cs,fcJhNyD;aemuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrxkwfay;í roGm;a&mufEdkifcJhay/ (___) rS<br />

vli,f*sme,ft,f'Dwm pwDAifyD;aumhonf &efukefodkYvma&mufí tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;udk vli,fa&;? ausmif;om;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&;&mrsm;udk pHkpHkvifvif aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ (W.F.D.Y) rS aumifpD0ifvlBuD; rpöwmyifw&m; vma&mufí tzGJUcsKyfrS<br />

oGm;a&mufawGUqHkaqG;aEG;um (W.F.D.Y) tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf&ef zdwfMum;cHcJh&onf/ EdkifiHtpdk;& cGifhay;csuf<br />

r&í roGm;a&mufcJh&ay/ (I.U.S) rS ay;ydkUaom rEÅav;wuúodkvftwGuf vufESdyfpufwvHk;? tif*sifeD,mXmetwGuf<br />

pmul;puf (6) pHk? ½kyfjypuf? rSefbDvl;wdkYtm; vufcH&½SdcJhonf/ oGm;pdkufud&d,mESifh rSefbDvl;wdkYtm; aq;½Hkrsm;odkY<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; oufomacsmifcsda&;rS vSL'gef;&ef pDpOfcJhonf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mausmif;om;yGJawmf? bmom&yfqdkif&m<br />

okawoe ½SmazGa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf zdwfMum;cJhaomfvnf; roGm;a&mufEdkifcJhay/<br />

b@ma&;AsL½dkonf b@ma&;ESifhywfoufí xda&mufpGm aqmif½GufEdkifjcif; r½SdcJhay/ yJcl;odkY oGm;a&mufum<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;um &efyHkaiGwBudrf aumufcHzl;onf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ay;ydkYaom<br />

½kyf½SifjypufESifh "gwfrSefbDvl;wdkYudk trIaqmifwOD;0ifaiGjzifh pdkuf,la½G;cJh&onf/ tzGJUcsKyf pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;? aMunm<br />

csufrsm;? ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk trIaqmifrsm; tdwfxJrS ukefuscHum aqmif½GufcJh&onf/ tzGJUcsKyf½Hk;udkyif taxGaxG<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;u ukefuscHcJh&onf/ þodkY aqmif½Guf&jcif;twGuf tzGJUcsKyfwGif tcsKdUvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifoifho<br />

avmuf ratmifjrifcJhay/ &HyHkaiG rvHkavmufrIESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onf/<br />

pwkw¦tBudrf Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfnDvmcHudk atmufygtaMumif;rsm;jzifU ac:qdk&jcif;jzpfonf/<br />

(1) wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;xk udk,fpm;jyKum rSefuefaom vrf;pOfrsm; csrSwfvsuf ausmif;om;wdkufyGJrsm;wGif<br />

a½SUwef;rS qifETJvsuf½Sdaom Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pnf;½Hk;rItiftm; wdk;wufcdkifrm&ef vnf;aumif;/<br />

(2) ausmif;om;tm;vHk; ,aeY awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom epfemcsufrsm;? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ausmif;om;tcGifht<br />

a&;ESifh ausmif;om;tusKd; umuG,fa&;rsm;twGuf e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS rdrdwdkYc½dkiftvdkuf tajctaersm;<br />

udk wduspGm wifjyaqG;aEG;n§dEIdif;&ef vnf;aumif;/<br />

(3) rdbjynfolrsm;jzpfonfh ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;tzdkY aeYpOfawGUMuHKae&aom epfemqHk;½IH;csufrsm;udk azmf<br />

xkwfum ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;wGif aygif;pyfvsuf q&m? ausmif;om; nDñGwfa&;udk wnfaqmufEdkif&ef<br />

vnf;aumif;/<br />

(4) ausmif;om;tusKd;udk opömazmufum qefYusifcJhaom 'Dtufpftdkrsm;tm; ausmif;om;avmuBuD;rS tNyD;t<br />

ydkif 0dkif;y,fa&;? wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkBuD;w&yfudk wnfaqmufEkdif&ef vnf;aumif;<br />

(5) tjynfjynfqkdif&m b0wl ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ydkrdk&if;ESD;pGm qufqHEdkif&ef? urÇmYausmif;om; tzGJUcsKyfBuD;<br />

ESifh cdkifjrJrSefuefaom qufoG,frIrsm; rSefuefpGm &,lEdkif&ef/<br />

(6) ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHK&ifqdkifae&aom tcuftcJjyóem&yfrsm;udk pkaygif; aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm<br />

azmfxkwfMuum oufqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;? tpdk;&rsm;ESifh at;csrf;pGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG; ajz½Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf<br />

vnf;aumif; &nf½G,fcJhygonf/<br />

vkyfief;a0zefa&;? acgif;aqmifrI a0zefa&;rsm;tm; rSefuefpGm usifhoHk;vsuf pdppfa&;? csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;tm;<br />

tcsdefrD jyifqifEdkifjcif;aMumifh tzGJUcsKyfpnf;½Hk;a&; wdk;wuf&rnf jzpfonf/<br />

ed*Hk;taeESifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf (4) ESpf oufwrf;odkY a&mufcJhayonf/ (4) ESpfwmumv twGif;0,f<br />

rSefuefaomvrf;pOfjzifh csDwufum ausmif;om;xktusKd;? jynfolYtusKd;udk ajymifajrmufatmif o,fydk;cJh\/ þodkY<br />

o,fydk;cJhjcif;jzifhvnf; vlxktm; iwfjywfqif;&J? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhaom zqyvqdk½S,fvpfwdkY\ Ncdrf;ajcmuf zrf;qD;<br />

zdESdyfjcif;ESifh ¤if;wdkYvufyg;ap 'Dtufpftdkrsm; arG;jrLum ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;udk ysufpD;apvsuf Auorsm;tzGJU<br />

csKyfudk ysufpD;ap&ef MuH½G,fcJhonf/ odkYaomf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wkefvIyfjcif;r½Sd? raMumufr½GHU ausmif;om;xka½SUrS<br />

rm;rm;&yfum aqmif½GufcJhonf/ a½SUwGifvnf; rnfodkYyif tcuftcJrsm;? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;udk awGU&aomfvnf;<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;xkudk nDñGwfapvsuf vlxkESifhvufwGJum ausmif;om;tusKd;? jynfolYtusKd;udk<br />

ajymifajrmufatmif aqmif½Gufrnfyif jzpfayonf/<br />

urÇmU'Drdkua&pDvli,frsm;tzGJYcsKyf - t"Gefh½Snfygap<br />

urÇmUausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf - t"Gefh½Snfygap<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf - wnfjrJygap<br />

yHk<br />

(aZmf0if;)<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

473

474<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(¡) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpm<br />

aeYpGJ- 7? 2? 55<br />

&Jabmf<strong>or*¾</strong>0if ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

1954-55 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>&JU tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJrSm &JabmfwdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>&JU vkyfaqmifcsufawGeJY<br />

rNyD;qHk;ao;wJh wdkufyGJtwGuf jyifqifp&mawGudk rwifjyrD wuoBuD; b,fvdk ay:aygufvm&w,f qdkwmudkawmh<br />

rSwfwrf;wck taeeJY &JabmfwdkY a½SUarSmufrSm wifjy&vdrfhrnf/ wuo[m ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;twGuf wdkufcdkuf<br />

ay;r,fh wckwnf;aom tm;xm;&mjzpfovdk ausmif;om;xk&JU qE´? ausmif;om;xk&JU oabmxm;&yfawGudkvnf;<br />

cH,lvkyfaqmifr,fh tzGJUjzpfwJhtwGuf wifjy&rSm jzpfw,f/<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>BuD; jyefvnfay:aygufvma&;twGuf wuúodkvfrSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;[m b,fyHk<br />

BudK;yrf;cJh&w,f qdkwmudkawmh &JabmfwdkUudk,fwkdif rtdyfrae ZGJebJeJU tjyif;txef wdk;wufvIyf½Sm;&if; BudK;yrf;cJh&yHk<br />

awG awG;Munhf&if ay:vmEdkifygw,f/<br />

1952-53 ckESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJ[m qdk½S,fvpfawG&JU ya,m*eJY ysufpD;cJh&w,f/ 'DvlawG&JU vkyfMuH<br />

csufeJY olwdkY arG;xm;wJh opömazmuf ausmif;om;wpkjzpfwJh 'DtufpftdkawG&JU t½Sufr½Sd tjyKtrlawG[m rw&m;rJcdk;?<br />

rJvdrfNyD; Ncdrf;ajcmufwmawGeJY jynfhvmwJhtcg ausmif;om;xk[m rw&m;a½G;aumufyGJvdkY pD&ifNyD; ½kyfodrf;vdkufwm[m<br />

'Dae&mrSm oifcef;pmw&yf xkwfjywmu ]ausmif;om;xktusKd; qefhusifNyD; opömazmufvkyfief;vkyf&if b,folrSrvkyf<br />

Ekdifbl;? ausmif;om;xk pnf;½Hk;aewJUtiftm;eJh bmrqdkt&m&mrSm tqHk;tjzwfay;w,f} qdkwmudk igwdkY&½SdcJhw,f/<br />

'Dvkd rw&m;a½G;aumufyGJBuD; NyD;qHk;oGm;wJhaemufrSm ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; wdkufyGJtwGuf &mZ0iftquf<br />

quf rm;rm;rwfrwf wdkufcdkufay;cJhwJh wuo r½Sd&if igwdkYwawGrSm epfemqHk;½IH;aew,f qdkwmudk ausmif;om;xku<br />

odjrifw,f/ 'ghaMumifh wuo jyefay:aygufa&;twGuf w&m;rQwwJh a½G;aumufyGJ vkyfay;ygvdkY ausmif;om;xku<br />

wcJeufawmif;qdkMuw,f/ qdk½S,fvpf vufyg;ap opömazmufudkudkBuD;[m a½G;aumufyGJ vkyfray;bl;/ qdk½S,fvpf<br />

tmPmydkifawGu rvkyfap&bl;? wcsdefxJrSm wuúodkvftmPmydkifawGuvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>tcef;u@udk jr§Kyfypf csifw,f/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>½Sdae&if olwdkYtwGuf taESmifht,Suf t[efYtwm;vdkY rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqaew,f/ 'gaMumifh <strong>or*¾</strong>ae&mrS<br />

ausmif;om; aygif;oif;qufqHa&;eJY oufomacsmifcsda&; (Students Social Welfare Council) wdkYzGJUzdkY tjyif;txef<br />

BudK;pm;Muw,f/ ausmif;om;xku jrifwmu <strong>or*¾</strong>omvQif aygif;oif;qufqHa&;eJY oufomacsmifcsda&; vkyfay;r,f<br />

vdkY pGJjrJpGm ,HkMunfxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh <strong>or*¾</strong>udk jyefvnfzGJUpnf; wnfaxmifvdkaMumif; qE´awG azmfxkwfMuw,f/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>udk tpm;xkd;jcif; r[kwf? Mum;r0ifygeJYvdkY b,fvdkajymayr,fhvJ um,uHajrmufrSmawmh <strong>or*¾</strong>udk acsrIef;wJhae&m<br />

rSm 'D (S.S.W.C) vkyfief;[m ,Of,Ofav;eJY acsrIef;vdkY&w,fvdkY tmPmydkifawGu ,lqxm;NyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>udk acsrIef;wmbJ/<br />

ausmif;om;xkuvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>twGufqdk&if toufvJNyD; umuG,fMuw,f/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>om 'dkYtwGuf? 'dkYtoufqdkNyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>udk vIyf½Sm;awmif;qdkMuw,f/ <strong>or*¾</strong>r½SdwmeJYtrQ igwdkY tcGifhta&;<br />

usqHk;½Hkrubl;? vHk;0qdwfokOf; oGm;vdrfhr,fqdkwm ausmif;om;xku odjrifvmwJhtwGuf <strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfajrmufa&;vkyfief;<br />

udk pkaygif;nDñGwfpGm vkyfvmw,f/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwDudkzGJU? <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJ usif;yay;&ef awmif;qdkcJh&m tmPmydkifrsm;u rvGef<br />

qefEdkifbJ wuúodkvfaumifpDu ygarmu©rsm;ESifh yl;wGJtkyfcsKyfaom a½G;aumufyGJaumfr½Sifonf 1954-55 ckESpf<br />

wuo a½G;aumufyGJ usif;yay;cJh&onf/ yxra½G;aumufyGJudk atmufwdkbm (1) &uf? 'kwd,ywf a½G;aumufyGJudk<br />

Edk0ifbm (3) &ufrSm usif;ycJhw,f/<br />

atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeh yxrywfa½G;aumufyGJrSm<br />

1/ udkwifxGef; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkeefZifvm (ucsiftrsKd;om;) 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkoef;wif (bDat) b@ma&;rSL; wdkYtm; a½G;cs,fay;cJhw,f/<br />

'kwd,ywfa½G;aumufyGJ Edk0ifbm (3) &ufrSm usif;ywJUtcg trIaqmif (6) OD;a½G;cs,fNyD; atmufygtwdkif; wm0ef<br />

cGJa0,lcJUw,f/<br />

1/ udkwifxGef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

2/ udkarmufZif wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH<br />

3/ udkapm½Sm;vrdef; EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

4/ udkwifa½T upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;Xmewm0efcH<br />

5/ udk0if;xG#f vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;wm0efcH<br />

6/ udkwifxGef; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;wm0efcH<br />

wdkYudk wm0efcGJa0cJhNyD; wuo trIaqmiftzGJUrSudkcifarmiftkef;<br />

tdk;a0wm0efcHtjzpf<br />

udkpdef0if; pmMunfhwdkufrSL; wdkYtm; cefYxm;cJhw,f/<br />

1954-55 ckESpf tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDrSm<br />

(1) udkcifarmiftHk; wm0efcHt,f'Dwm<br />

(2) udkoef;wif (bDat) aiGxdef;<br />

(3) udkatmifEdkif tvkyfwm0efcH<br />

(4) udkatmifoef;av; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(5) udkcifarmifvwf trIaqmif<br />

(6) udkbkef;vIdif trIaqmif<br />

(7) rcifcifwdk; trIaqmif<br />

1954-55 ckESpf pmMunfUwdkufrSmvJ<br />

(1) udkpdef0if; pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

(2) udkjrifha0<br />

(3) udkxGef;&D ('*Hk)<br />

(4) udkwifxGef;av; (aeY)<br />

(5) udkudkBuD; (aeY)<br />

(6) udk0if;Munf (ppfudkif;)<br />

(7) Owdkudkoef;wif b@ma&;rSL; wdkY wm0ef,lcJhw,f/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>&JU pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wltm; cefYxm;cJhw,f/<br />

upm;ckefpm;aumifpDrSmvnf;<br />

(1) udkwifa½T<br />

(2) pwifavr*spf<br />

(3) csmvD<br />

(4) apmodef;a½T<br />

(5) udkcifarmifjrifh wdkY wm0ef,lcJhw,f/<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDwGif ausmif;om;awG&JU vdktyfcsuf? vdkvm;csuf? awmif;qdkcsufawGeJYwuG<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfwckvHk;eJY ywfoufwJh jyóem&yfawGudk pOf;pm;wJhae&mrSm ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm; wuo udk,fpm;<br />

vS,ftjzpf (1) OD;xGef;wif (bDat? bDt,f) eJY (2) OD;armifarmifwif (bDat? tDt,f) wdkYudk a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhw,f/<br />

OD;xGef;wif[m axmufyhHaMu;aumfrwDeJY &dyfomaumfrwDrSmvnf; wuoudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0ef,l<br />

aqmif½GufcJhw,f/ OD;armifarmifwifrSm ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDeJY aq;½HkaumfrwDrSm qufvufwm0ef,l aqmif½Gufvsuf<br />

½Sdaew,f/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrSm ausmif;om;xkukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wuorS udkcifarmiftkef;eJY udkwifa½TwdkY<br />

yg0ifcJhw,f/<br />

wuo Ouú| usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk (16? 11? 54) rSm ,k'oefcef;rBuD;rSm usif;ycJhw,f/<br />

'Dusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJrSmvnf; wuotrIaqmiftzGJU&JU 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfawGudk wifjycJhw,f/<br />

&JabmfwdkhigwdkY<br />

wuotrIaqmiftzGJU[m<br />

(1) tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?<br />

(2) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom jyóemwkdif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk<br />

rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;?<br />

(3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;qdkwJh oabmxm; (3) &yfudk tajccHNyD; vkyfief;awGudk ausmif;om;^ol<br />

awG&JU qEéJY n§dEIdif;NyD; ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;om;,lqcsufawGeJY OD;vnfrokef aqmif½Gufr,fqdkNyD; aMunmcJhNyD;<br />

475

476<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

atmifjrifonftxd csDwufvkyfaqmifMurSmyJ/ 'ghtjyif 'DtajccH0g' (3) &yf b,favmufxdatmif tusKd;jyKaqmif<br />

½GufcJhwmudk wifjy&r,f/<br />

1/ tqifUtwef;jrifUwJh ynma&;eJh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifUjzL;a&;<br />

'DuaeY wuúodkvfausmif;om;awG[m tqifhtwef;jrifhwJhynmudk oif,lvdkMuw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdk&if<br />

rdrdwdkY&JUb0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;? tem*wfrSm tmrcHcsufawG tjynfht0eJY aecsifwJh oabmvu©PmyJ/ 'gayr,fh<br />

vufawGUrSm wuúodkvfwckvHk;tajctae[m 0rf;enf;p&mcsnf;yJ/ tzufzufrSm rjynfhpHkwmcsnf;yJ/ 'gawGudk &JabmfwdkY<br />

a½SUrSma&m? jynfolawG a½SUrSa&m ½Suf½SufeJY ajymcJh&wmvJ rqHk;awmhbl;/ tppt&m&m csKdU,Gif;aewmawG jzpfw,f/<br />

q&m rjynfhpHk? ypönf;ud&d,m wefqmyvm csKdU,Gif;? prf;oyfcef; enf;? pmoifzdkY rSDcdkae&wJh ausmif;aqmifawGrSmvnf;<br />

aecsifwJh ausmif;om;OD;a&udk vufrcHEdkifwJhtjyif aeqJ½SdwJhausmif;om;OD;a&awGudk armif;xkwfaew,f/ tpm;<br />

taomufrSmqdk&ifvnf; tm[m&"mwfjynfhwJh tpm;tpmtqifhtwef;udk rDatmif reJvdkufae&wJhtjyif usef;rma&;<br />

xdcdkufEkdifwJh ywf0ef;usifrSm &yfwnfaeMu&w,f/ ausmif;aq;½Hkqdk&ifvnf; trnfcHavmufomjzpfNyD; aoaocsmcsm<br />

*½kpdkuf Muyfrwfay;wmr½Sdbl;? 'Dhtjyif aq;xdk;csif&ifvnf; ausmif;om;vlemawG 0,f&w,f/ 0,fvmwJhaq;udk<br />

rodem;rvnfwJh ausmif;om;awGvnf; xdk;NyD; csKdU,Gif;csufudk wdwdusus awGUjrifae&w,f/ 'Dawmh ausmif;usef;rm<br />

a&;eJY vlaerItmrcHcsuf[m csKdU,Gif;ysufjym;aew,f/ 'DtxJrSm pmar;yGJpepf trsKd;rsKd;jzpfaeawmh ausmif;om;awGrSm<br />

pdwf'ku©trsKd;rsKd; jzpf&w,f/ NyD;awmh ausmif;om;awGudkay;wJh axmufyHhaMu; enf;yg;aew,f/<br />

'gawG tm;vHk;udk jynfh0atmifvkyfjcif;[m tqifhtwef;jrihfynma&;eJY ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;<br />

twGuf tkwfjrpfawGyJ/ tcsufawGatmifjrifzdkY wuo trIaqmiftzGJU[m tjrJwap BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfygw,f/<br />

wuúodkvfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;<br />

tJ'D wuúodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk usif;ywJh&nf½G,fcsufu wuúodkvfawG? aumvdyfcGJawGrSm cHpm;epfem<br />

aewmawG trsm;tm;jzifh wlnDaewmawG ½Sdw,f/ oD;jcm; cHpm;ae&wmawGvnf; ½Sdw,f/ 'Dawmh wuúodkvfrsm;rSm<br />

cHpm;ae&wJhtcsufawG wlnDwm n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;MuNyD; b,fvdkajz½Sif;Mur,fvdkY awGUqHkaqG;aEG;wJh aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;yJ/<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfrSm qdk&ifvnf; (rwuo) u acgif;aqmifNyD; epfemcsufawG? cHpm;ae&csufawGudk toif;tzGJUawGeJY<br />

aqG;aEG;cJhw,f/ &efukefwuúodkvfrSm qkd&ifvnf; toif;aygif; (62) oif; yg0ifaqG;aEG;w,f/ pmoifcef;? ausmif;<br />

aqmifqdkif&mpwJh Xmetvdkuf cHpm;epfemwJhtcsufawG wifjyMuw,f/ tJ'DaqG;aEG;yGJ wifjycsufawGudk 30? 11?<br />

54 &ufrS 2? 12? 54 &ufxd usif;ywJh wuúodkvfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJrSm n§dEIdif;azmfxkwf awmif;qdkMuw,f/ tJ'D<br />

jyóem&yftwGuf tmPmydkifawGeJY Nidrf;csrf;pGm rsufESmpHknD awGUqHkajz½Sif;vdkygw,fvdkY tm;vHk;u tajzxkwfcJhMu<br />

w,f/<br />

'Dwuúodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;[m wuo&mZ0ifwavsmuf yxrqHkk;tBudrfjzpfw,f/ ausmif;om;xk<br />

vdktyfcsufawG? ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;awG twGuf OD;pm;ay; aqG;aEG;cJhMuw,f/ aqG;aEG;wifjycsufawGudk<br />

wuo[m jynfoleJY ausmif;om;twGuf pmtkyfa& (15000) jzefYjzL; aMunmapcJhw,f/<br />

'Dawmif;qdkcsufawGudk trsKd;om;aeY? ausmif;om;aeY pnf;a0;yGJBuD;awGrSvnf; xyfrHwifjy awmif;qdk<br />

cJhw,f/ 'Dawmif;qdkcsufawGudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pwkw¬tBudrfnDvmcHrSm axmufcHaqG;aEG;cJhw,f/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvftwGufqdk&if-<br />

(1) ausmif;aqmifeJY ywfoufwJhtcsuf?<br />

(2) pmar;yGJeJY ywfoufwJhtcsuf?<br />

(3) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;tcsufawG yg½Sdw,f/<br />

wuo[m ausmif;om;xkqEúdk tjrJavhvmNyD; ausmif;om;xkeJY wom;wnf;usatmif BudK;pm;aew,f/<br />

'Dawmif;qdkcsufawGeJY ywfoufNyD; wuooabmxm;[m tmPmydkifawGeJY aqG;aEG;n§dEIdif;NyD; w&m;rQwpGm awmif;qdk<br />

&rSmyJ/ wuo[m ausmif;om;awG&JU tusKd;tcGifhta&;udk vHk;0 atmifjrifwJhtxd csDwufr,fqdkwm ausmif;om;xkudk<br />

uwdjyKygw,f/ wuo[m rSefuefwJhacgif;aqmifrIudkay;&if; a½SUurm;rm;rwfrwf csDwufwdkufyGJ0ifrSmyJ/ ausmif;om;<br />

xkw&yfvHk;uvnf; wufwuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udk acgif;aqmifoGm;rSmyJ/<br />

awmif;qdkcsufawGeJY ywfoufNyD; &JabmfwdkYudk wifjyvdkwmuawmh wuo[m ay;oavmuf,lNyD; NidrfaerSm<br />

r[kwfbl;/ Oyrm- wuo[m rD;vHk;0&a&; awmif;qdkw,f/ pmzwfcsifvdkY pmar;yGJatmifcsifvdkY awmif;wJh w&m;rQwwJh<br />

awmif;csufjzpf&ufeJY tmPmydkifawGu y,fcsw,f/ cgwdkif; (11) em&Dxday;wm (12) em&Dxd ay;w,f/ reuf (4)<br />

em&Du (6) em&Dxday;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gudkvnf; ,lw,f/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrSm½SdwJh wuoudk,fpm;vS,fawG[m<br />

rD; (24) em&DvHk; &a&;twGuf qufNyD; BudK;yrf;&rSmyJ/ wuo taeeJYvnf; qufNyD;awmif;qdkrSmyJ/ wuo[m<br />

awmif;qdkcsufwck taumiftxnfay:vmonftxd BudK;yrf;rSmyJqdkwm tpD&ifcHvdkw,f/<br />

aemufNyD; (65) &mcdkifEIef; ausmif;wufcsdefESifh pmar;yGJ0ifa&;udpörSmvnf; wuo qufNyD;wdkufrSmyJ/<br />

wuo 'Dpepfudk vHk;0vufcHrSm r[kwfwJhtwGuf qufNyD; awmif;qdkr,fqdkwmvnf; &JabmfwdkYudk tpD&ifcHcsifygw,f/<br />

- ausmif;aqmif½Sd pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif wpHkus xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef?<br />

- ausmif;aqmifopfrsm;wGif taqmifemrnf urÜnf;xdk;ay;&ef?<br />

- ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif vQyfppfem&Drsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

- ysufpD;,kd,Gif;aeaom tdrfomrsm; tjrefjyifay;&ef?<br />

- pmar;yGJ0ifaMu; aemufusaMu; 'PfaiG 20d^- rS 5d^- odkY avQmh&ef?<br />

- ausmif;aqmif0if aemufusaMu; 10d^- rS 5d^- odkY avQmh&ef?<br />

- ausmif;aqmifrsm; pm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfoufaom pDrHcefYcGJrIudk ,cifuJhodkY taqmifpm;aomufa&;<br />

wm0efcHodkY vTJay;&ef?<br />

- ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom "gwfrD;BudK;ESifh cvkwfrsm; jyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

- ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif vdktyfaeaom "gwfrD;tkyfaqmif;ESifh vdktyfaomypönf;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

- &wemESifh aqmufvkyfqJ rmvmausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif opfMurf;jyifcif;ay;&ef?<br />

- oD&daqmifwGif (4) a,mufae tcef;rSm (6) a,muf rxm;&ef/<br />

usef½SdaewJh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf; qufvufawmif;qdkoGm;r,fjzpfw,f/ wuo[m ausmif;om;ta&;<br />

rubl; q&m? q&mrrsm;ta&;vnf; qufvufavhvmaeygw,f/ q&mOD;a&enf;yg;wmudk ydkrdkwdk;jr§ifhcefYzdkYeJY q&m<br />

awG wuúodkvfrSm pGJjrJpGm pmayoifMum;ydkYcsEdkifatmif wuúodkvfBuD;udk cifwG,fESpfvdkatmif vpmwdk;jr§ifhay;zdkYvnf;<br />

wuo[m awmif;qdkygw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;Edkif&ef ausmif;om;? q&m? tmPmydkifawG vufwGJnDñGwfrS<br />

&EdkifrSmrdkY wuo[m tjrJvufurf;aewmyJ/ wuo[m &efukefwuúodkvfyifrBuD;eJY qufoG,faewJh oufBuD;<br />

wuúodkvfudkawmif oD;jcm;todtrSwfjyK wuúodkvftqifha&mufatmif awmif;qdkxm;wmudk Munfhu wuo&JU<br />

oabmxm;csufudk &JabmfwdkY jrifEdkifygw,f/<br />

(2) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifU w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;toif;tzGJYrsm;ESifU<br />

yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;<br />

&Jabmf<strong>or*¾</strong>0if ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

,aeY igwdkYausmif;om;xkwGif xrf;aqmif&rnfh &mZ0ifay;r[mwm0efrSm ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; wnf<br />

aqmuf&efyif jzpfonf/ ,aeY igwdkYausmif;om;xk tcGifhta&;rsm; wpwp usqHk;cJh&onf/ qufvufí ydwfyifjcif;<br />

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wzufwGif ausmif;om;opömazmuf qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap 'DtufpftdkwdkY\ toGifoP²mef wnf½Sdaeayonf/ þ<br />

vkyfMuHcsufrsm;udk rsufajcrysufoifh/ olwdkY\ q&mBuD;rsm; apcdkif;csufjzifh ausmif;om;xktiftm;? ausmif;om;xk<br />

nDñGwfa&;udk tjrJNzdKcGJrnf jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;xk nDñGwfa&;tm;jzifh 'Dtufpftdk opömazmufausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm; ausmif;om;avmurS 0dkif;y,fMu&rnf/<br />

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awG½Sdw,f/ wlnDwJhvdktyfcsuf? awmif;qdkcsufawGrSm wlnDwJhvkyfief;awGrSm tajccHNyD; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufjcif;awGu<br />

nDñGwfa&;t& wnfaqmufEdkifr,fvdkY wuou ,HkMunfxm;w,f/<br />

'Dvdkwcsufwlovm;? wlwJhtcsufay:rSmrlwnfNyD; vkyfaqmifEdkifatmifvnf; BudK;yrf;cJhMuw,f/ ausmif;om;<br />

xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;? awmif;qdkcsufvkyfief;awGtjyif ausmif;om;w&yfvHk;eJYoufqdkifwJh ]trsKd;om;aeh}<br />

]ausmif;om;aeh} rsKd;awGrSm tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;awGeJY vufwGJvkyfaqmifcJhw,f/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeY ]urÇmhausmif;<br />

477

478<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

om;aeh} rSmqdk&if igwdkYwuo[m Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uoeJY yl;wGJNyD; crf;em;pGm usif;ycJhw,f/ 'DaeYrSmqdk&if<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;awG&JUtajctae? Armausmif;om;awG&JU tajctaeudk qufpyf avhvmwifjyw,f/ 'Dwifjycsuf<br />

awGuyJ ausmif;om;wdkufyGJawG&JU toGifoP²mefudk odjrifapw,f/<br />

(34) BudrfajrmuftrsKd;om;aeUrSmqdk&ifvnf; wrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;udk wuo[m xm0pOfa½SUwef;uygcJhwJh<br />

oabmvu©PmawGudkaqmifNyD; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYeJYyl;wGJNyD; ausmif;om;awGu acgif;aqmifusif;yEdkifcJh<br />

w,f/ 'DZifbm (20) &ufaeY atmifausmfaeY (0g) ausmif;om;aeYtwGufudkvnf; wuúodkvfpmwdkufa½SUu jrufcif;jyif<br />

rSm Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfeJY &uo (&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>) wdkYeJY vufwGJNyD; vkyfaqmifcJhw,f/ Adkvfatmifausmf*l<br />

½Sd&m MuHawmokóefudkvnf; oGm;NyD; vGrf;olYyef;acGcs&if; ,aeYausmif;om;b0ESifh tajctaeawGudk rNyD;qHk;ao;wJh<br />

wdkufyGJtwGuf ausmif;om;xku t"dXmefjyKMuw,f/<br />

'Dvdkausmif;om;awG&JUta&;jyóemawGrSm BudK;yrf;&if;? wbufrSmvnf; wuo[m q&mawGeJY awGGUqHkNyD;<br />

wuo&JU oabmxm;csufrsm;udk wifjycJhw,f/ 27? 12? 54 aeYrSm wuocef;rrSmyJ wuúodkvfq&mawGeJY wuo<br />

trIaqmiftzGJU[m ausausvnfvnf aqG;aEG;cJhMuw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;om,mpGm pmayoifMum;a&;rSm q&m? ausmif;om;<br />

vufwGJEdkifa&; twGuf b,fvdkxrf;½GufMur,fqdkwmudk tajzxkwfMuw,f/<br />

'ghtjyif Zefe0g&Dv 13-15 &uftxd usif;ywJh pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf&JU EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;uGefz&ifhrSm wuo udk,fpm;vS,fawG wufa&mufNyD; EdkifiHvHk;rSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;awG&JU jyóemawGudk<br />

aqG;aEG;Muw,f? wifjyMuw,f/ wuúodkvf&JUb0udk azmfxkwfNyD; b,fvdkwdkufyGJ 0ifaew,fqdkwm tpD&ifcHpmtjzpf<br />

wifoGif;cJhao;w,f/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;eJY ywfoufNyD; rw&m;zrf;cH&olawG? rw&m;ausmif;xkwfcH&<br />

olawG twGufvnf; aqG;aEG;awmif;qdkygw,f/ wuúodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJ awmif;qdkcsufawGudkvnf; tav;teuf<br />

axmufcHapEdkifcJhw,f/<br />

'DaeYwuúodkvfta&;udpö jyóemrsm;eJY pyfvsOf;vdkY wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkeJY wuo<br />

trIaqmifawG[m OD;EktdrfrSm aiG&wkobifzGihfay;zdkYawGUpOfu rsufESmpHknDawGUqHk ajz½Sif;vdkw,fvdkY ajymMum;cJhw,f/<br />

aiG&wkobifzGihfyGJusawmhvnf; rdefYcGef;xJrSm 'Dpum;rsKd;awG xyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh wuúodkvfta&;tcif;rsm;twGuf<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGmawGUqHkajz½Sif;EdkifzdkY 31? 1? 55 &ufaeYrSm wuou t"dywdxH awGUqHkzdkY urf;vSrf;vdkufw,f/ 'DaeYausmif;<br />

om;xk[m rcsdrqefY'Pfqdk;awG cHpm;ae&w,f/ t"dywdtaeeJYawmh rpm;&0cref; ajymoGm;w,f/ 'gudk rsufESmpHknD<br />

awGUNyD; wuou ½Sif;csifw,f/ wuo&JUoabmxm;awG wifjyvdkw,f/ 'gaMumifh awGUqHkcGifh&zdkY awmif;qdkjcif;<br />

jzpfygw,f/<br />

5? 2? 55 &ufu rw&m;ausmif;xkwfcH&olawG xJrSm &efukefrSm½SdaewJh &Jabmfausmif;om;rsm;eJY wuo[m<br />

yxrqHk;tBudrf ac:,lawGUqHkaqG;aEG;w,f/ tJ'D&JabmfawG&JU vuf½Sdaeae&wJh tajctaetcuftcJrsm;udk Mum;emNyD;<br />

¤if;wdkY qufvufynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf wuo[m awmif;qdkzdkY wm0ef,lMuygw,f/<br />

zrf;xm;wJh ausmif;om;awGudkvnf; qufvuf ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf tjrefqHk;vTwfzdkY awmif;qdkMu<br />

ygw,f/ avmavmq,ftm;jzifh wuo[m axmifxJrSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;awGudk awGUqHkEdkifcGifh&zdkY w&m;a&;Xmeudk<br />

awmif;qdkcJhygw,f/ 7? 2? 55 aeYu &efukefaxmifrSm½SdwJh &JabmfawG&JU tajctaeudkoGm;NyD; awGUqHkcJhygw,f/<br />

om,m0wDeJY tif;pdefaxmifrSm½SdwJh &JabmfawGqDudkvnf; oGm;a&mufawGUqHkygOD;r,f/<br />

(3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;ESifU ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;<br />

,aeYigwdkYa½SUarSmufwGif ppfopfBuD;wck jzpfvma&;twGuf t&dyfta&mifrsm; oef;aew,f/ ppf\ raumif;<br />

usKd; qdk;jypfrsm;udk igwdkYodem;vnf½kHru ppf\ tarGqdk;tarGESpfrsm;[m ,aeYwdkif vuf0,f½Sdaeao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh<br />

ppfopfBuD;wckjzpfrSmudk aMumufw,f? ½GHUw,f/ jidrf;csrf;om,mrIudkom vdkvm;w,f? jrwfEkd;w,f? awmif;qdkw,f/<br />

odkYrSom igwdkYwawGtwGuf Nidrf;csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;rIudk tmrcHrI½Sdr,f/ ppfa&;ppf&mtwGuf aiGodef;oef;csDum<br />

oHk;pGJNyD; ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk avsmhenf;oHk;wmudk uefYuGufw,f/ ppfa&;bwf*sufeJY ynma&;bwf*suf rrQbl;/<br />

'gaMumifh ynma&;bwf*sufudk wdk;jr§ifoHk;zdkY awmif;qdkjcif;jzpfw,f/ ppfudk a½SmifvTJvdkY&w,f/ ppfudk qefYusifaewmeJY<br />

trQ wEdkifiHeJYwEdkifiH cspfMunf&if;ESD;rI cdkifrmaewmeJYtrQ ppfudka½SmifvGJvdkY&w,f? wm;qD;vdkY&w,f/ 'gaMumifh<br />

wEdkifiHeJYwEdkifiH wOD;eJYwOD; &if;ESD;cspfMunf aygif;oif;qufqHa&;awG cdkifrmatmif vkyf&r,fqdkwmudk ,HkMunfpGm<br />

vufcHMuygw,f/<br />

'gaMumihfvnf; wuo[m urÇmYEdkifiHausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awGeJY qufoG,fw,f/ urÇmrSm wpfckwnf;aom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyf (I.U.S) udk qufoG,fw,f/ urÇmYvli,ftzGJUcsKyfjzpfwJh (W.F.D.Y) udk qufoG,fw,f aiG&wk<br />

obifyGJawmfwkef;uqdk&if 'DtzGJUBuD;awGomrubl;? ukv<strong>or*¾</strong> ausmif;om;vli,faumfr½Sif *seDAmu (W.U.S)?<br />

tdE´d,? w½kwf? tif'dkeD;½Sm;wdkYu ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awGyg wufa&mufzdkY zdwfMum;cJhw,f/ 'DvdkzdwfMum;wJhoabmudku<br />

EdkifiHwumausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;rI cdkifrmvmapzdkYyJqdkwm tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;omrubl; EdkifiHwGif;rSmvnf; wuúodkvfqdkif&m-<br />

(u) rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(c) armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong>eJY<br />

(*) ausmufjzLaumvdyf ausmif;aumifpDudkyg rusef tquftoG,f jyKvkyfcJhw,f/ aemufwck txl;jcm;qHk;<br />

u@uawmh wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>&JU (25) ESpfajrmuf aiG&wkobif ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;ygyJ/<br />

aiG&wkobifausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;<br />

1955 ckESpfonf wuo&mZ0ifwGif xl;jcm;aomu@ jzpfaeayonf/ þESpfwGif wuo\oufwrf;onf<br />

(25) ESpfjynfhajrmufcJh\/ xdkaMumifh (25) ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwftjzpf aiG&wkobif ausmif;om;yGJawmfMuD;udk<br />

usif;y&ef wuouqHk;jzwfcJhw,f/<br />

aiG&wkobifausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk-<br />

(u) owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&aumfrwD<br />

(c) b@ma&;qyfaumfrwD<br />

(*) uyGJqyfaumfrwD<br />

(C) NydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD<br />

(i) tcrf;tem;jyifqifa&;ESifh ae&mcsxm;a&;qyfaumfrwD<br />

(p) jyyGJqyfaumfrwD [lí aumfrwDXme (6) XmecGJjcm;zGJUpnf;um Xmetvdkuf BudK;yrf;cJhMuayonf/ xdkY<br />

aMumifhyif ,ckESpf wuo\ *kPfowif;ESifh t½Sdeft0gonf jrifrm;cJh&ayonf/ rlvwuo\ 0g'tajccHwGif<br />

,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;udk tm;jznfhap½Hkomru Nidrf;csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;rIudk a½S;½Ivsuf ausmif;om;tcsif;<br />

csif; &if;ESD;cspfMunfrIudk ykdrdk&,lEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

yGJawmfBuD;\xl;jcm;csufwGif wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;om yg0ifqifETJ½HkrQrubJ wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufum qifETJjcif;uyif ydkrdkajymifajrmuf xif½Sm;apcJhonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf?<br />

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfrSvnf; yg0ifqifETJMuonf/ tdrfeD;em;csif;EdkifiHrsm;½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh urÇmhausmif;<br />

om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyf? urÇmvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYudk zdwfMum;aomfvnf; taMumif;rnDñGwfí rwufEdkifMuyg/<br />

wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk zdwfMum;&mwGif wuoESifh wEdkifiHvkH;½Sd<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;twGuf vufwGJ<br />

um umuG,fxdef;odrf;jcif;? wnfaqmufjcif;wdkYtwGuf opömjyK&if; yGJawmfBuD;\ pdwf½Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufrIrsm;udk<br />

&½Sdvsuf ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cifrif&if;EDS;rdwfjzpfa&;udkyg &½Sdvdkuf&um; yGJawmf&nf½G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifcJhaMumif;/<br />

taxGaxG<br />

wuo\ a

480<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

qef;ppfr,fqdk&if wuo&JU csrSwfxm;wJh0g'eJY vrf;pOfay:rSmrSDNyD; qef;ppf&vdrfhr,f/ tqifhtwef;jrifhrm;aom<br />

ynma&;eJY ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;twGuf uRefawmfwdkY aqmif½GufcJhwJh vkyfief;awGeJY ay:vGifEdkifygw,f/<br />

'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkY arQmfvifhxm;oavmuf vdkcsifoavmufawmh raqmif½GufEdkifcJhbl;qdkwmudk twdtvif; 0efcHzdkY<br />

vdkygw,f/<br />

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; jyóemawGeJY ywfoufvdkYawmh uGJjym;aewJh ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;awG wpkwpnf;<br />

xJjzpfzdkY BudK;yrf;&r,fvdkY csrSwfayr,fh 'DaeYtxd taumiftxnf ray:ao;bl;/ 'gayr,fh wuúodkvfe,fajrrSm½SdwJh<br />

('Dtufpftdk opömazmufausmif;om;tzGJUrSty) toif;tzGJUawG? rEÅav;wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>? &efuif;eJY xD;wef;aumvdyf o[m,toif;awGeJYawmh &if;ESD;cspfMunf vufwGJrI&aeygw,f/<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;a&;eJY ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;vkyfief;awGtwGufawmh t"du aiG&wkobifyGJawmfBuD;<br />

jzpfajrmufcJhwmudku txift½Sm;½SdaeygNyD/ 'DyGJawmfrSm vlrsKd;pktoif;awG? bmom&yftoif;awG? o[m,ESifh pmzwf<br />

toif;awGeJY ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jr§ifhwif zvS,fcGifh&cJhygw,fvdkY tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/ toif;tzGJUeJY wOD;csif;t&vnf;<br />

&if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfcGifh &½SdMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvnf; wuoBuD;[m ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm; yGJawmfMuD;jzpfvmrIudk<br />

*kPf,lrdygw,f/ yg0ifwm0ef,lMuwJh &Jabmfausmif;ol^om;awGeJY c½dkiftoif;awG? pmzwftoif;awG? wuúodkvfrSm½SdwJh<br />

oD&d? &wem ? tif;vsm; trsKd;orD;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;awG? ½Srf;? ucsif? u&if? rGef? xm;0,f? &cdkif?<br />

csif;? u,m;? w½kwf? tdE´d,toif;awG? &efukefc½dkiftwGif;u ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awGyg rusef aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmufyg<br />

aMumif; ajymMum;rSwfwrf;wifygw,f/<br />

yGJawmfrkcf0BuD;udk vSL'gef;aom vDbmwD pD;u&ufukrÜPDudkvnf; wuotrIaqmiftzGJUu aus;Zl;wif½Sdyg<br />

aMumif; rSwfwrf;wifygw,f/<br />

ed*Hk;csKyftm;jzifh wifjy&vQif uRefwmfwdkY wuorIaqmiftzGJU&JU vkyf&wJhoufwrf;[m (2) v (3) vausmfyJ<br />

½Sdygao;w,f/ 'DESpf uRefawmfwdkY vkyfaqmifcsufawG[m 'DavmufeJY tm;r&Edkifao;yg/ a½SUqufNyD; wuo[m<br />

ausmif;om; tusKd;tcGihfawGtwGuf opömrazmuf? raMumufr½GHU aemufrwGefYbJ vkyfaqmifzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ NyD;awmh<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pnf;rsOf;rsKd;[m tcktajctaeawGeJY rudkufnD? vufawGUvkyfaqmifvdkY r&wmawG ½Sdaeao;awmh 1952-53<br />

ck wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJrSm qHk;jzwfcJhwJh pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDeJY nd§EdIif;NyD; jyifqifrGrf;rHMuzdkYvnf;<br />

tMuHay; arwåm&yfcHcsifygw,f/ 'DESpf wuo[m a½SUESpfa½G;aumufyGJ rusif;yrDtcsdefxd ausmif;om;xktwGuf<br />

opömrazmuf udk,fusKd;riJhbJ rSefuefwJh acgif;aqmifrIawGay;&if; ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f&wJhvkyfief;awGrSm<br />

OD;vnfrokef aqmif½GufoGm;r,fqdkwm av;av;eufeuf &JabmfwdkYa½SUrSm uwday;csifygw,f/<br />

(eefZifvm)<br />

'k-Ouú|<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

OD;wifxGef;<br />

(1954-55)<br />

yJcl;c½dkif? anmifav;yifNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk &efukefpmppfXmerS atmifjrifNyD; wuúodkvf<br />

wGif qufvuf ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1950-51 ckESpfwGif tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&í<br />

1951-52 ckESpfwGif wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&jyefonf/ 1954-55 ckESpfwGif wuo<br />

Ouú| jzpfonf/<br />

1953-54 ckESpfwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJysufí <strong>or*¾</strong>r½Sd jzpfaecJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> a½G;aumufyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; ay:cJhonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDrS <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;wdkif;xHrS aumuf,l<br />

NyD;? q&mrsm;u OD;pD;í <strong>or*¾</strong>a½G;aumufyGJ jyKvkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJajzcGifh&a&;ESifh zrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfajrmufa&;wdkYudk aqmif½Guf<br />

ay;cJhonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ (25) ESpfajrmuf aiG&wkobifyGJawmfBuD;udk crf;em;BuD;us,fpGm<br />

usif;ycJhonf/ aiG&wkobifyGJawmfBuD;udk EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek udk,fwdkif zGifhvSpfay;cJhonf/ atmufwdkbm<br />

ta&;awmfyHkwGif ay:aygufcJhaom ausmif;om;ESifh tpdk;&Mum; wif;rmrIrsm; wpwp avsmhyg;vmonf/<br />

1955 ck? ZGefvwGif t*Fvefjynf? bmrif*efNrKdUü usif;yaom (5) Budrfajrmuf (Cosec) nDvmcHodkY wufa&muf<br />

onf/ tjyefwGif qGpfZmvefEdkifiHü usif;yaom urÇmYpm&dwånDvmcHESifh tar&duefjynf rDeD,mydkvpfNrKdUü usif;y<br />

aom ½SpfBudrfajrmuf tar&duefjynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>nDvmcHrsm;odkY wufa&mufcJh\/<br />

OD;wifxGef;onf yJcl;NrKdU? EdkifiHawmfpdkufysKd;a&;bPf½Hk;cGJwGif vufaxmufrefae*smtjzpf EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk<br />

xrf;aqmifvsuf ½Sdonf/<br />

481

482<br />

(u) ausmif;jyefvnf0ifcGifh&a&;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1955-56 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;onf atmifjrifrIrsm;wGif ,pfrl;pjyKvmonf/<br />

odkYaomf ausmif;om;xk\ axmufcHrIudk qufvufxdef;xm; Edkifao;onf/ wdkufyGJrsm;udkvnf; wnfwnfNidrfNidrfESihfyif<br />

OD;aqmifvsuf½Sdonf/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&a&;twGuf wuo\OD;aqmifrIjzifh um,uH½Sifrsm;<br />

udk,fwdkif qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef vIyf½Sm;jyifqif aeMuonf/ udkpdk;odef;wdkYonf owif;pmwdkuftoD;oD;rS udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm; zdwfMum;um ]qef;uzD;} wGif {nhfcHí ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&a&;udpöudk ½Sif;jyonf/ tqdkyg owif;pm½Sif;vif;yGJ<br />

odkY &efukefNrdKUwGif½Sdaeaom &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;xJrS udkatmifbef;? udk,k? udkausmfNidrf;? udkat;armif?<br />

udkvSxGef;atmif? udkomausmf? udkodef;ñGefY (uomñGefYa0)? udkatmifxGef;? udktkef;armif? udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;?<br />

udkoef;Edkif? udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif? udkpdk;odef;wdkY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/<br />

(c) wuoa&G;aumufyGJ<br />

wyfOD;rS wuo 'k-OuúX udkeefZifvm wbuftkyfpkESifh aygif;oGm;ojzifh ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD;<br />

twGif;½Sd wdkif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm;Mum;wGif rsm;pGm*,uf½dkufcJhavonf/ u&if? csif;? ½Srf;? &cdkif paom ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf&avonf/ 'DtufpftdkbufrS udkeefZifvm OuúXtjzpf ta½G;0ifcHonf/ odYkaomf wyfOD;<br />

bufrS udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) om tEdkif&½SdcJhygonf/<br />

(*) 1955-56 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

1/ udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) Ouú|<br />

tcef; (18)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1955 rS 1956)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

2/ udkpodef;[H 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkpHabmf aiGxdef;<br />

4/ udkwifat; (1) taxGaxGtwGif;a&rSL;<br />

5/ udkbkef;vdIif wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;jyefMum;a&;rSL;<br />

6/ udkjrifhOD; vlxkqufoG,fa&; XmerSL;<br />

&/ udkarmifarmifñGefY ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

8/ apmtuf'refwifcsKd EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

9/ udkausmfjrifh upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;<br />

10/ udkwifat; (2) pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

11/ udk0if;wif tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

(C) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|opf udkwifxGef; usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ (1955-56)<br />

1955-56 ckESpf wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk wufa&mufvmMuwJh ausmif;awmfol^om;rsm;?<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJU0ifrsm;? q&m^rrsm;eJYwuG vma&mufcsD;jr§ifhMuwJh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;;? EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;udk<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU&JUudk,fpm; uRefawmfu aus;Zl;wif½Sdygw,f/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>[mqdk&if olY&JU&mZ0ifwavsmufvHk;rSm jynfolvlxk vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ<br />

0if&if; jynfoludk tvkyftauR;jyKcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;awG vdkvm;csuf? ausmif;om;awG tcGifhta&;udk awmif;qdk&if;<br />

ausmif;om;tusKd;udk o,fydk;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>qdk&if vlxkeJYausmif;om;xk&JU axmufcHtm;<br />

ay;rIudk &½SdcJhw,f/ 'D&mZ0ifordkif;rSm wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>&JU Ouú|tjzpf uRefawmhfudk ausmif;om;xku ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY<br />

wm0eftyfESif;jcif;cH&wJhtwGuf rsm;pGm*kPf,lrdygw,f/ 'Dvdk*kPf,lrdwJhtwdkif;vnf; wuo&JU &mZ0ifudkxGef;ajymif<br />

atmif ausmif;om;xku tyfESif;wJhwm0efudk opöm½Sd½SdausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifygr,fvdkY uwdjyKygw,f/<br />

'DESpfwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU[mqdk&if ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGcsnf;jzpf<br />

ygw,f/ &nf½G,fcsufwl? vrf;pOfwlzGJUpnf;xm;wJh tzGJUtpnf;w&yfxJuvmwJh trIaqmiftzGJUawGjzpfawmh qE´<br />

wlnDrI? vkyfief;awG jzpfay:rIawGrSm atmifjrifrIawG &½Sdvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f/<br />

'DaeYwuúodkvf&JU tajctae[mqdk&if ausmif;om;aygif; (8000) avmuf ½Sdygw,f/ ppfrjzpfrDu (2300)<br />

eJY qdk&if (4) qeD;ygcefY ydk½Sdvmygw,f/ 'DvdkwuúodkvfrSm ynmoifMum;olOD;a& wdk;wufvmwm[m wdkif;jynfrSm<br />

txufwef; ynmwwfawG rsm;jym;NyD; wdkif;jynftusKd; jzpfxGef;zdkY wm0efawG xrf;aqmifEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY wdkif;jynf&JU<br />

BuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&; jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmf qdkcsifygw,f/<br />

'Dvdkausmif;om;OD;a& wdk;wufvmwmeJYtrQ ausmif;om;OD;a&eJYtnD ausmif;taqmuftODawG csJUaqmuf?<br />

ausmif;q&mawG tvHktavmufcefY? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*awG jynfhpHkatmif vkyfay;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

vmvdkY ausmif;taqmuftODawG wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfum Oypmaumvdyf zGifhay;wmawmh ½Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'DaeYtxd<br />

vHk;0 rvHkavmufao;ygbl;/ ausmif;q&mawGqdk&ifvnf; [dkuvdk onfuvdk jzpfaeygw,f/ xD;wef;aumvdyfrSmqdk&if<br />

,cifwavmu &mZ0ifq&m r½Sdao;wm/ avm*spfq&majymif;oGm;vdkY tpm;rxdk;EdkifwmawG awGU&wwfw,f/ rEÅav;<br />

uqdk&if tbd"r®mXmetwGuf q&mawmif;wmawG ay:vmw,f/ q&mrvHkravmuf jzpfaeawmh aemufqHk; 'D*&D&&ef<br />

tenf;i,fvdkaewJh ausmif;om;awGudk tcsdefydkif;eJY q&mcefYxm;&wJh tjzpfa&mufcJhw,f/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfawGqdk&if<br />

r&ao;wmwdkY? "gwkaA'pwJh avmu"gwfynm prf;oyfcef;awGrSm vdkaeao;wm awGU&w,f/ 'DvdkvdkaewJh txJrSm<br />

tpdk;&u axmufyHhaMu; odef; (70) tpm; odef; (65) odef;odkY avQmhcsvdkufawmh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; ray;Edkifwm<br />

awG [dkaMu;awmif;? 'DaMu;awmif; wcgMunfh (5) usyfqdkwmrsKd; awmif;cHvm&wmawG awGU&w,f/<br />

'Dvdkausmif;om;eJYtrQ ypönf;urvdkufEdkif? aiGuavsmhay;qdkawmh ausmif;om;avQmhwJh enf;udk ½SmoHk;Mu<br />

w,f/ (3) cg pmar;yGJus&if ausmif;xkwfr,fqdkNyD; pmar;yGJrajzolyg pm&if;xJ xnfhwGufNyD; ausmif;xkwfcJhw,f/<br />

'Dvdk vkyfcJhwJhtwGuf ausmif;om;aygif; (2500) avmuf pmoifcGifhr& jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'D (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf<br />

aMumifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'u ay;xm;wJh ynmoifMum;ydkifcGifh uRefawmfwdkY wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

om;awG qHk;½IH;vmwm awGU&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk ausmif;xkwfpDrHudef;eJY r&yfao;bl;/ wuúodkvfukd ausmif;om;rsm;rsm;<br />

ra&mufapzdkYtwGuf wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk (2) qifhvkyfzdkY pDpOfMuw,f/<br />

483

484<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

'Dawmh uaeYwuúodkvftajctaeudk Munhf&if vdkaewmawG awGU&vdrfhr,f/ wuúodkvfynmwwf enf;atmif<br />

vkyfaewm awGU&r,f/ 'gawG[m wu,fhvufawGU jzpfysufaewmawG jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkjzpfaewm r[kwfygbl;vdkY<br />

b,folrSvnf; rjiif;Edkifygbl;/ jiif;wJhvl½Sd&ifvnf; wu,fhudk taumiftxnfeJY uRefawmfac:NyD; jyvdkygw,f/<br />

'Dvdk 'DaeYwuúodkvfrSm jzpfysufaewJh tajctaeawG[m bmaMumifhvJqdk&if ynma&;rSm vspfvsL½Ixm;<br />

avawmh wuúodkvf&JU toHk;p&dwf? ynma&;toHk;p&dwfukd rsm;rsm;roHk;bl;/ rdrdwdkY&mxl; wnfjrJa&;jzpfwJh umuG,fa&;<br />

toHk;p&dwfawGrSm aiGydkoHk;vdkYjzpfw,f/ oabmu jynfwGif;rSm wdkufcdkufrIawG ppfyGJawGjzpfaevdkYyJ/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkY<br />

wuúodkvfrSm jzpfaewJh tajctaeqdk;awGudk aumif;vmatmif uRefawmfwdkYvdkvm;wJh tajctaeawG vHk;0a&mufzdkYqdk&if<br />

'g[mawmfawmfyJ eufeJwJhjyóem jzpfvmw,f/ 'DtwGufqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awGcsnf;yJ rjzpfEdkifbl;/<br />

uRefawmfwdkYeJY vlxkw&yfvHk; yl;wGJaqmif½GufMurS jzpfvdrfhr,f/ ausmif;om;awGbufu qdk&ifvnf; ausmif;om;xk<br />

w&yfvHk;[m pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk; nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY aqmif½GufMuzdkYvdkygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY atmifyGJ&zdkYqdk&if nDñGwfjcif;<br />

qdkwJh vufeufuvGJvdkY bmrSr½Sdygbl;vdkY uRefawmf qdkcsifygw,f/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY taeeJYqdk&if ausmif;om;tusKd;twGuf wuúodkvfrSm ,aeY½SdaewJh jyóemawGudk ajz½Sif;&m<br />

rSm oufqdkif&m tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUeJYyJ jzpfjzpf? tpdk;&tzGJUeJYyJ jzpfjzpf? at;csrf;om,mpGm awGUqHkajz½Sif;zkdY vdkygw,f/<br />

'Dvdkajz½Sif;rIomvQif wuúodkvfavmu&JU Nidrf;at;om,mrIudk ay;pGrf;Edkifvdrfhr,fvdkY qdkcsifygw,f/ 'Dvdkr[kwfbJ<br />

t"r®enf;? zdESdyfaomenf;vrf;rsm;udk oHk;NyD;ajz½Sif;&ifawmh wuúodkvfavmu&JU Nidrf;at;om,mrIvnf; &rSmr[kwfbl;?<br />

atmifjrifvdrfhr,fvnf; r[kwfbl;qdkwm NyD;cJhwJh atmufwdkbmvta&;awmfyHku xifxif½Sm;½Sm;MuD; jyoaeygw,f/<br />

'DaeYtzdkYqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY at;csrf;om,mpGm ajz½Sif;vdkayr,fh ausmif;om;ta&;eJYywfoufvm&if tpdk;&<br />

tzGJUxJrSm olwdkYudk axmufcHolawGr[kwfvdkY w&m;onfjzpfap? rSefonfjzpfap ray;bl;/ wdkYudkaxmufcHwJholawGqdk&if<br />

ay;r,fqdkwJh at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;rIudk qefYusifwJhoabmawG vkyfcJhwm? vkyfaewmawG awGU&w,f/ wuúodkvftkyfcsKyf<br />

a&; tzGJU0ifawGxJrSmqdk&if ausmif;om;ta&;eJYywfouf&if a&iHkaewJholawG ½Sdaewm[m wu,fawmh wuúodkvf&JU<br />

tusKd;udk vspfvsL½Iwm? rdrdwdkY[m pdk;½GHUNyD; MuD;pdk;rIcHae&wmawG jzpfygw,f/<br />

'Dawmh ,aeYwuúodkvfavmu&JU Nidrf;at;om,mrIudk vdkcsif&if at;csrf;om,mpGmajz½Sif;rI vdktyfaeygw,f/<br />

ynma&;avmurSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;? q&meJY rdbwdkY[m yl;wGJNyD; ajz½Sif;oifhygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm qdk&ifawmh ygarmu©csKyf<br />

rdefYMum;zl;ovdk q&mawGr½Sd&ifvnf; ausmif;om;awG rwnfEdkifygbl;/ 'Dawmh q&m? rdbeJY ausmif;om;awG[m<br />

wavSxJpD;? wc&D;xJoGm;awG jzpfMuwJhtwGuf ,aeYawGUaewJh wuúodkvf&JUjyóem? ynma&;jyóemrsm;udk yl;wGJ<br />

ajz½Sif;Muyg&ef ed*Hk;csKyftaeeJY wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm; uRefawmfwdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfcJhygw,f/<br />

(i) urÇmhausmif;om;aeU<br />

Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf emZDzufqpfrsm;\ &ufpufpGmowfjzwfrIaMumifh csufudkpvdkAufuD,m;jynf?<br />

y&wfNrdKUawmfrS ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;ajruscJh&aomaeY jzpfonf/ xdkaeYwGif y&wfNrdKUawmf? csm;vf,leDAmpDwD ausmif;<br />

om;wdkYonf zufqpfpepftm;qefYusifonfh aq;ausmif;om; ]*sif;atmfyvDwJvf} tm; owfypfonfhtwGuf tHk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

onf BuD;xGm;vmonf/ (I.U.S) onf urÇmYausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqmif½Guf&mü<br />

tjcm;tvTmtoD;oD;rS vli,frsm;ESifh yl;aygif;cJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>BuD; zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifNyD;aemuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;\<br />

ta&;jyóemrsm;udk ydkrdkvG,fulpGm ajz½Sif;Edkif&ef XmetoD;oD; cGJjcm;aqmif½GufcJhonf/ txl;ojzifhh udkvdkeD? udkvdkeD<br />

wydkif;ESifh rSDcdkaeaom EdkifiHrsm;rS ausmif;om;ta&;udk pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif½GufulnDay;Muonf/ Armjynfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

twGufvnf; rsm;pGmtultnDrsm; ay;cJhavonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm; twGufvnf; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm aqmif½Guf<br />

&if; qufvufcsDwufaeonf/ MuHUcdkifvsuf½Sdonf/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeYrS ay:aygufcJhonfh wdkufyGJonf ,aeYxd<br />

wdkifcdkufjrJaeonf/ opfvGifaeonf/<br />

þEdkbmv (17) &uf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>aeYudk &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)?<br />

&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo)? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf)wdkY<br />

yl;aygif;um n (7) em&DtcsdefwGif wuo jrufcif;jyifwGif wcrf;wem; odkufNrdKufa0qmpGm qif,ifusif;yawmhonf/<br />

þaeYonf Armjynfausmif;om;aeh ('DZifbmv 20 &uf) uJhodkYyif aoG;jzifhcsif;csif;eD&JaomaeY jzpf\/<br />

om"koH<br />

(p) 1955-56 ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

a'gif;ysKdxdk;qGyf? b,fnmcGyfí?<br />

vGwfvyf&av? wdkYwawGonf?<br />

tdk;a0-aus;Zl;ygwum;/ /<br />

tdk;a0aus;Zl;? rwdrfjrL;bJ?<br />

cg;OD;aumZm? þtcgwGif?<br />

om"kac:Muygukefavmh/ /<br />

om"koHwGif? aomwqifí?<br />

toif a'gif;i,f? jrefrdr,fudk?<br />

oufES,fapmifha½SmufEdkifapaom0f/ /<br />

(rif;ok0Pf)<br />

1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (23) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvft"dywd? EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ zdwfMum;csuft&<br />

wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuo<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUrS ,aeY wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;wGif ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaeaom atmufygawmif;qdkcsuf (5) csuf<br />

udk wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

1/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?<br />

2/ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí 0&rf;xkwfcH&ol (2) OD;tm; 0&rf;jyefvnf ½kyfodrf;a&;?<br />

3/ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tm; ausmif;jyefvnfwufcGifh<br />

&a&;?<br />

4/ zrf;qD;cH&aom wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh rEÅav;rS &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&onfh udkausmf<br />

pdk;wdkYtm; jyefvTwfa&;?<br />

5/ tm½SS-tmz&duausmif;om;uGefz&ifhwGif ArmjynfrS wufa&mufEdkifa&;wdkY jzpfonf/<br />

wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;onf ajreDukef;ü zrf;qD;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf<br />

y,fzsufa&;ESifhywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) uwifjy&m ausmif;om;rsm; rsm;jym;vm<br />

onfhtwGuf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk wDxGifjcif;jzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonf/ þwifjycsuftwdkif; rSefuefygu<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf vHk;0rw&m;[k 0efBuD;csKyfu vufcHonfhtjyif ygarmu©csKyfuvnf; ausmif;om;xk<br />

u xdkudpöudk vHk;0rvdkvm;aMumif;? (2) cgus ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;½Sdonfhtjyif ausmif;om;rsm;rSm pmudkajzmifh<br />

atmif avhvmEdkifjcif;rjyKEdkifbJ pdk;&drfwBuD;jzpfaeonf[k ajymqdkcJhonf/ EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfu þ (3) cgusausmif;<br />

xkwfpepfESifh ywfoufí aumifpDtwGif;½Sd tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? q&mrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; wdkifyifí<br />

taMumif;jyefygrnf[k uwdjyKajymqdkcJhonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif;wGif taMumif;jyefcsuf r&½Sdawmhyg/ þtawmtwGif;<br />

485

486<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ArmhwyfrawmfrS A[dkoifwef;twGuf ac:,laom aMunmcsuf xGufvmcJhonf/ þaMunmcsufwGif (3) cgusausmif;<br />

xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh ,lwDpD (wuúodkvftaysmfwrf;wyf) tm; Adkvfoifwef;twGuf tcGifhta&;ay;rnf[k yg½Sdonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsNyD; ppfwyfxJ armif;oGif;aeonfhoabm oufa&mufoGm;onf/<br />

ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmifjyef0ifcGifh&½Sda&;ESifh ywfoufí aqG;aEG;&mü pmayoifMum;rIonf vlwdkif;\<br />

tcGifhta&;udpöjzpfaMumif;? þtcGifhta&;udk rwm;qD;oifhaMumif;? tjypf½Sdu tjypfay;&efyifjzpfaMumif; wifjyum<br />

EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfu pmayoifMum;rIqdkif&mwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;zufrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufonfrSm rrSeffaMumif; vufcHcJh<br />

onf/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh &½Sda&;twGuf pOf;pm;rnf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh 0&rf;xkwfcHxm;&aom ausmif;om; udkvS0if;? udkbaumif;wdkhudpöESifh<br />

ywfoufí wuoonf 0efBuD;csKyftwGif;0ef OD;oefYESifhawGUqHkum ar;jref;cJhonf/ OD;oefYrS þausmif;om; (2)<br />

OD;tm; ,cifuvnf; ausmif;xkwfjcif;r½Sdyg? ,ckvnf;r½Sdyg [k ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

vkyfMuHzrf;qD;cH&aom wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh yk'f (5) jzifh zrf;qD;cH&aom rEÅav;rS &mouf<br />

yef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om; udkausmfpdk;wdkYtwGufvnf; wuorS rw&m;zrf;qD;cHae&onfhtwGuf tjrefqHk;<br />

vTwf&ef ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf)? &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(&uo) wdkYESifhyl;aygif;í tjrefqHk;jyefvTwf&ef wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ udkwifat; zrf;qD;cH&onfrSm (3) vcefY MumNyD<br />

jzpfaomfvnf; trI (2) cgrQom &ifqdkif&ygonf/ oufaow0ufrQ ppfrNyD;ao;bJ½Sdonf/ þodkY &ufqGJxm;jcif;onf<br />

oufoufn§Of;qJxm;jcif; jzpf½Hkru rwfvpmar;yGJwGif rajzqdkEdkifjzpf&onf/ udkausmfpdk; zrf;qD;cHxm;&onfrSm<br />

(4) vcefY½SdNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; ½Hk;wifppfaq;jcif; ,cktcsdefxdrvkyfbJ csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;cH &ygonf/ jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;<br />

OD;xGef;0if;u 13? 2? 56 &ufaeY toHvTifhrdefcGef; ajymMum;&mwGif EdkifiHa&;oabmxm; uGJvGJrIaMumifh zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;<br />

r½Sd[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ udkwifat;rSm zqyv qdk½S,fvpfrsm;jzpfonfh 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk ,SOfNydKifwufvmoljzpfjcif;?<br />

udkausmfpdk;rSm atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf qE´jyoljzpfjcif;wdkYaMumifh zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh<br />

zqyvwdkYudk EdkifiHa&;oabmxm; uGJvGJjcif;twGuf vkyfMuHzrf;qD;jcif;om jzpfonf/ odkYaomf jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;\<br />

ajymMum;csufESifh vufawGUvkyfaqmifcsufrSm tajymESifhtvkyf wjcm;pDjzpfaeygonf/<br />

tm½SESifhtmz&duausmif;om;uGefz&ifhwGif ArmjynfrSwufa&mufEdkifa&;ESifh ywfoufí 0efBuD;csKyfESifh wuo<br />

rS aqG;aEG;cJhygonf/ xdknDvmcHodkYwufa&muf&ef trsKd;om;jyifqifa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJpnf;cJhygonf/ xdkaumf<br />

rwDzGJUpnf;&mwGif 'Dtufpftdk? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYudkvnf; zdwfMum;cJhygonf/ 'Dtufpftdkrsm; xdktpnf;<br />

ta0;odkY rwufa&mufcJhyg/<br />

0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekvnf; (1953) ck atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHktwGif;u trSwf (22) ppf&Jrsm; zsufpD;ojzihf<br />

ysufpD;oGm;aom wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> pmMunfhwdkufudk jyKjyif&eftwGuf aiG (2180) usyf vSL'gef;cJhygonf/<br />

(q) udkvS0if;ESifh udkbaumif;aMunmcsuf<br />

uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;onf 1953 ck atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;xk\ wm0ef<br />

ay;csuft& aqmif½GufcJholrsm;jzpfygonf/<br />

wuúodkvf pwifzGifhvSpfonfrSpí 1952 ckESpftxd atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfay;&jcif;rSm tpOftvm<br />

w&yf jzpfygonf/ þodkYausmif;wvydwf&jcif;rSm ZGefvausmif;zGifhonfrSpí pufwifbmvtxd (4) vvHk;vHk;<br />

oifMum;ydkYcscJhaom wuúodkvf yxrydkif;oifcef;pmrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;&eftwGuf tcsdefay;onfhoabmjzifh ausmif;<br />

wvydwfay;jcif; jzpfygonf/ t*Fvef½Sd atmufpzdkYwuúodkvfBuD;rSmyif wBudrfvQif (2) vydwfaom tpOftvm½Sdonf<br />

[k od&onf/<br />

odkYygvsuf 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;wvydwfjrJ ydwfae&mrS (15) &ufom ydwfcJhygonf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;avQmhydwfjcif;jzifh (15) &ufonf rnfonfhausmif;om;udkrS ynmtqifhtwef;jr§ifh&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/<br />

,ck wuúodkvftajctaeu vufawGUjzpfygonf/ þodkY wvydwf&mrS (15) &ufom ydwfvdkufjcif;onf ausmif;om;<br />

wdkY\ &jrJtcGifhta&;w&yfudk ydwfyifjcif;? oifNyD;oifcef;pmrsm;udk xyfrHavhvmcGifh r&jcif;wdkY jzpfcJhygonf/ odkYtwGuf<br />

ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;wvydwfjrJydwf&ef awmif;qdkjcif; jzpfygonf/<br />

þawmif;qdkcsufonf w&m;rQwonf rSefuefonf[k uRefawmfwdkY vHk;0,HkMunfayonf/ atmufwdkbmv<br />

ausmif;wvydwfay;jcif;jzifh yxrydkif;oifcef;pmrsm;udk avhvmEdkif½Hkru ausmif;om;xktwGuf tusKd;jzpfxGef;onf[k

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

,HkMunfayonf/ xdkaMumifhvnf; uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;tm; atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf aqmif½Guf&ef<br />

wm0efay;aomtcg uRefawmfwdkY vufcHum aqmif½GufcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/<br />

þodkY ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk aqmif½Guf&mwGif uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;onf at;csrf;pGmqE´jy<br />

cJhMuayonf/ qE´jycJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; atmufwdkbm (2) &uf eHeufrSpí zrf;qD;jcif;? nydkif;wGif yk'fr<br />

(144) xkwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif A[dkausmif;aqmiftwGif; qE´jyolrsm;tm;<br />

a&ydkufjzifh yufjcif;? rsuf&nf,dkAkH;rsm;jzifh ypfjcif;? aoewfESifh ypfjcif;rsm; jyKcJhygonf/ qE´jyolrsm;tm; zdESdyfNyD;aemuf<br />

usef&ufrsm;wGifvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;cJhygonf/<br />

þodkY twif;tusyfzrf;qD;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;rSm wdrf;a½SmifaecJhygonf/ 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;t&<br />

qE´jyonfudk zdESdyfzrf;qD;jcif;onf rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif; jzpfonf/ zrf;qD;NyD;aemuf aeYa&mnyg tdyfpufem;aejcif;<br />

rjyKapbJ tvSnfhusppfaq;um pdwf"gwfn§Of;yef;jcif;wdkYaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;onf wdrf;a½SmifaecJhjcif; jzpfygonf/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY wdrf;a½SmifaepOftwGif; &efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>onf atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf<br />

ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;? zrf;cH&olrsm;? wdrf;a½SmifcJh&olrsm; ta&;udk qufvufaqmif½GufcJhygonf/<br />

wuotvHawmfatmuf0,f ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;onf nDñGwfpGmawmif;qdkjcif;? jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;u<br />

'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; qHk;½IH;rIudk od½Sdvmjcif;aMumifh zrf;qDcH&olrsm;udk vGwf&jcif;? ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; pmar;yGJajzcGifh<br />

&jcif;wdkY &½Sdygonf/<br />

þrQomru ,ckESpfwGif uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD; ta&;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh wuúodkvft"dywd 0efBuD;<br />

csKyfOD;Ek? 0efBuD;csKyftwGif;0ef OD;oefYwdkY\ aphpyfaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;jcif;jzifh uRefawmfwdkYü 0&rf;r½Sdyg[k aMunmojzifh<br />

,ck wdrf;a½Smifae&mrS jyefvnfa&muf½Sdvmjcif; jzpfygonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf uRefawmfrsm;tm; nDñGwfpGm awmif;qdkMuaom wuúodkvfausmif;om;xkESifh wuo trIaqmif<br />

tzGJUtm;vnf;aumif;? 0efBuD;csKyfESifh 0efBuD;csKyftwGif;0ef OD;oefYtm;vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;/<br />

(vS0if;)<br />

(baumif;)<br />

ausmif;om;wdkYonf Armhordkif;wGif ordkif;*kPfa&mif xGef;ajymifcJhonfcsnf;omjzpfonf/ trSefw&m;twGuf?<br />

rdbjynfoltwGuf? tpdk;&w&yf\ rSm;,Gif;rItwGuf jywfom;pGm ajymEdkif&ayrnf/ ausmif;om;ta&;? trsKd;om;a&;ESifh<br />

jynfolYta&;wdkYtay:wGif cdkifrmpGm&yfwnfaeEdkif&rnf/ ausmif;om;ta&;onf ausmif;twGif;üvdktyfaeaom ausmif;<br />

om;? ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfNyD; ¤if;ta&;udk wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYonf jywfom;pGm wdkufyGJ0ifEdkif&rnf/<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk awmif;qdk&mü rSefuefpGm&yfwnfí rw&m;awmif;qdkrIudkvnf; od½SdEdkif&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;w&yfudk tajctaeESifh udkufnDpGm w&m;rQwpGm awmif;qdk&ef vdkayonf/ xdkodkYawmif;qdk&mwGif<br />

wcgw&H jzpfay:vmwwfaom a'gotavsmufwHkYjyefrIrsm;udkvnf; xdef;odrf;Edkif&rnf/ a'govGefrIaMumifh jzpfay:<br />

wwfaom trSm;rsm;udkvnf; aumif;pGma0zefqef;ppf okH;oyfEdkif&rnfjzpfayonf/ a'gotavsmufzsufqD;rI? w&m;rJh<br />

jyKusifhrIrsm;udk jyKvkyfwwfaom tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;udk owdBuD;pGm xdef;odrf;wwf&ef ausmif;om;ta&; aqmif½Guf<br />

aomol rsm;pGmwdkYu em;vnf&ef vdktyfayonf/ ta&;awmfyHkwcktwGif; jzpfay:vmaom tusKd;tjrwfESifh vlrIa&;udpö<br />

½IyfaxG;rIrsm; r½Sdap&ef xdef;odrf;Edkif&rnf jzpfayonf/ at;csrf;pGmqE´jyrIESifh awGUqHkajz½Sif;jcif;jzifh &½SdEdkifaomudpö<br />

rsm;? tavQmhay;&efvdkaomjyóem? tavQmhray;Edkifaomudpörsm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnfEdkif&rnf/ rSefuefaom acgif;<br />

aqmifESifh tm;udk;&aom tzGJU0ifrsm;\ yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;pGm vdktyfaeayonf/ qE´jyawmif;qdkrIrsm; jyKvkyf&mwGif<br />

wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½Sdrsm;ESifh qufqH&mwGif vdr®m,Ofaus; om,maysmhajymif;rIjzifh rdrdwdkYawmif;qdkcsufudk<br />

vufravQmhbJ&½Sd&ef awmif;qdkrI vdktyfayonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUacwfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf wdkif;wyg;om;ESifh<br />

qufqHwdkufyGJ0ifae&aom yHkpHrsKd;jzifh ,aeYumv udk,fhvlrsKd;? udk,hftpdk;& vufatmufwGif tpdk;&w&yf? tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU<br />

w&yfay:wGif vdkvm;csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkrIrsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif r[mAsL[mESifh enf;AsL[mrsm;udk aumif;pGm jyefvnf<br />

oHk;oyfí jyifqif&ef vdktyfayonf/ wdkufyGJ0if awmif;qdk&mwGifvnf; udk,fhvlrsKd;? udk,ftpdk;&jzpfí wdkif;wyg;om;<br />

rsm;tm; qefYusifouJhodkY pkpnf;nDñGwfaomyHkpHrSm umvMumvQif tm;enf; ysufjy,foGm;wwfayonf/ udk,hfvlrsKd;?<br />

udk,fhEdkifiHom; tcsif;csif;yHkpHonf tm;emjcif;? vdkufavsmjcif; yHkpHrsm;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;um qE´jyawmif;qdkrIrsm;?<br />

oydwfwdkufyGJrsm; ½IH;edrfhoGm;&wwfavonf/<br />

487

488<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

'Drdkua&pD vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;udk aumif;pGmcGJjcm; em;vnfwwf&ef vdktyfonf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;<br />

wdkufyGJESifh trsdK;om;a&;wdkufyGJudk cGJjcm;wwf&ef vdktyfayonf/ vlxk\qEónf ausmif;om;rsm;tay:wGif wxyf<br />

wnf; usa&mufaeojzifh ausmif;om; tcGifhta&;rsm;omru vlxk\ vdktyfcsufjzpfaom trsKd;om;a&;udpörsm;udk<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;aqmifwdkufyGJ0if&ef vdktyfayonf/ udk,hfvlrsKd;tcsif;csif; jyóemrsm;udk wzufESifhwzuf<br />

enf;y&d,m,fudk aumif;rGefpGm em;vnfEdkif&rnf jzpfonf/ xdkacwfumvu zqyvtpdk;& pGyfpGJouJhodkY ausmif;om;<br />

rsm; vIyf½Sm;rIjzpfwdkif; uGefjrLepfrsm;u aoG;xdk;onf[k vnf;aumif;? vuf½Sd zqyvtpdk;&udk qefYusifaeolrsm;u<br />

aoG;xdk;ajr§mufay;onf[k vnf;aumif; pGyfpGJcJhonf/ jzpfyGm;cJhNyD;jzpfaom ta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGif yg0ifvIyf½Sm;cJholrsm;<br />

pGyfpGJcH&\/ xdkudpöudk aocsmpGm jyefvnfavhvmoHk;oyfrnfqdkygu rw&m;rIrsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? zdESdyfrIrsm;aMumifh<br />

vnf;aumif;? csKyfcs,fuefYowfOya'rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? rw&m;Oya'rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? jzpfay:vmaom<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;onf trsKd;om;a&;vIyf½Sm;rItoGifodkY ajymif;vJa&muf½Sd oGm;wwfavonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

vIyf½Sm;rI tpyxrrsm;onf rnfolwOD;wa,mufrQ ajr§mufay;jcif;? aoG;xdk;vIHUaqmfay;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmjcif;<br />

r[kwfyg/ rSefuefaom vrf;aMumif;wckay:wGif vdkvm;csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkjcif; jzpfygonf/ wdkufyGJt½Sdefjrifhvmaom<br />

tcgwGif ausmif;om;ta&;rS trsKd;om;a&;yHkpHodkY ajymif;vJa&muf½SdoGm;NyD; vuf½Sd tkyfcsKyfoltpdk;&ESifh qefYusifbuf<br />

twdkuftcHyHkpHrsKd; jzpfoGm;ygonf/ qefYusifbuf twdkuftcHyHkpHrsKd; a&muf½SdoGm;jcif;onf qefYusifbuf twdkuftcH<br />

wdkY\ aoG;xdk;vIHIUaqmfrIESifh rwlay/ qefYusifbuftwdkuftcHtzGJUwdkYu vuf½Sdtpdk;&\tm;enf;csuf? trsKd;om;a&;<br />

vdktyfcsufrsm;? rSm;,Gif;aerIrsm;udk a0zefaxmufjyrnfom jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkY\<br />

rdbjynfolrsm; vdktyfcsuf? rdbjynfolrsm;rSwqifh od&aom trsKd;om;a&;jyóemrsm;? vuf½Sdtpdk;&\ rSm;,Gif;csuf<br />

rsm;udk ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh trsKd;om;ta&;udk yl;aygif;quf,lum trsKd;om;a&;jyóemrsm;ukd qE´jywdkufyGJ0if<br />

awmif;qdkrnfom jzpfonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUacwfwkef;u udkatmifqef;onf NAdwdoQe,fcsJUvufatmufrS vGwfajrmuf<br />

a&;twGuf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rSaeí e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;wdkufyGJudk qifETJcJhhonf/ ,aeY zqyvacwfwGifvnf; ausmif;<br />

om;wdkYonf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; qHk;½HI;rI? 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlYtcGifhta&; rjynfh0rIwdkYtwGuf trsKd;om;a&;? ausmif;<br />

om;a&;jzifh wdkufyGJ0ifrnfom jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY\ awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrIrsm;onf twdkuftcHwdkY\ uefYuGufawmif;qdk<br />

rIrsm;ESifh oGm;a&mufwlnDaejcif; ½Sdaumif;½Sdaernf/ xdkodkY ½Sdaejcif;tay: twdkuftcHwdkY\ ajr§mufyifhrIaMumifh ausmif;<br />

om;ta&; jzpfay:&onf[laom pGyfpGJcsufonf rSm;,Gif;í t,lwdrf;rIom jzpfonf/ rnfrQjynfh0ygonfqdkaom<br />

'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHBuD;üvnf; ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; qufpyfrIrsm;½Sdaeonf/ uGefjrLepfrsm;u ajr§mufay;<br />

onf? twdkuftcHrsm;u ajr§mufay;onf[laom pGyfpGJcsufrsm;onf EdkifiHa&;t& jynfh0rIr½Sdaom tpdk;&\ pGyfpGJcsufrsm;<br />

jzpfonf/ tpdk;&wdkif; tpdk;&wdkif;wGif twdkuftcH½SdNyD; uGefjrLepftpdk;&? qdk½S,fvpftpdk;&wGifvnf; twdkuftcH<br />

vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;wdkY\ trsKd;om;a&; aqmif½Gufcsufrsm; ½Sdaernfjzpfonf/ xdkqdk½S,fvpf? uGefjrLepf<br />

tpdk;&rsm;tm; twdkuftcHrsm;u ajr§mufay;onf[k oGm;a&mufpGyfpGJygu ¤if;qdk½S,fvpf? uGefjrLepftpdk;&onfvnf;<br />

EdkifiHa&;tm;enf;NyD; tjrifwdrfrIjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm rw&m;rI? rrSefuefrIrsm;twGuf píwdkufyGJ0ifayrnf/<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk jzpfay:vmaomtcsdefwGif ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU vuf½Sdtpdk;&wdkY\ vdr®myg;eyfpGm rajz½Sif;<br />

wwfrIwdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;ta&;rS vlxkta&;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;Muonf/ xdktcg twdkuftcHzufrS EdkifiHa&;orm;<br />

rsm;? awmfvSefvdkaom awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; 0ifa&mufvmayonf/ tpdk;&\tm;enf;rI? ajz½Sif;rI tm;enf;oGm;ygu<br />

xdkvlxkta&;awmfyHkBuD;onf tpdk;&w&yf ajymif;vJjcif;? pepfwckodkY ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;? wdkif;jynfwck ysufpD;NydKuGJoGm;<br />

jcif;? wdkif;jynftopfwckyHkpHodkY a&muf½SdoGm;jcif;? wdkif;jynfwck e,fcsJUvufatmufodkY a&muf½SdoGm;jcif;rsKd; jzpfEdkifay<br />

onf/ xdkYaMumifh wdkif;jynf\ uHMur®monf tpdk;&? ausmif;om;? vlxk? twdkuftcH EdkifiHa&;orm;? awmfvSefa&;orm;<br />

rsm; vufxJwGif t"du½Sdayonf/ xdktajctaet&yf&yfudk em;vnfrIESifh em;rvnfrI? toHk;csjcif;ESifh tcGifhta&;<br />

awmif;qdkrIrsm;onf wdkif;jynf\yHkoP²mefudk ajymif;vJapjcif;jzpfayonf/ zqyvtpdk;&vufxufwGif ausmif;om;<br />

tcsKdU zqyvtpdk;&udk qefYusif&mrS axmifwGif;odkY a&muf½Sdjcif;? awmwGif;odkYa&muf½SdoGm;jcif;rsm; ½Sdonf/ tcsKdUonf<br />

ajray:wGif qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf ½Sdonf/ awmwGif;odkYa&muf½Sdjcif;ESifh ajray:wGifqufvufwdkufyGJ0ifjcif; tay:<br />

t,ltquGJjym;rItay:ü rnfodkYrQ rajymvdkyg/ t"durSm ausmif;om;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;vdktyfcsufudk rnfolu<br />

pGrf;aqmifEdkifjcif; jzpfonfqdkaom tay:wGifom rSDavonf/ udkatmifqef;wdkYonf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wqifhh<br />

vIyf½Sm;cJhonf/ awmfvSefa&;orm;? EdkifiHa&;orm; jzpfoGm;ouJhodkY trsKd;om;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnf<br />

aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;pGm vdktyfavonf/<br />

xdkYtjyif toHk;cscH&onf[laom pum;udk ausmif;om;rsm; em;vnf&ef vdktyfonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

¤if;wdkY\ vIyf½Sm;rItay:wGif EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u 0ifa&mufjc,fvS,f toHk;csonf[k vuf½Sdtpdk;&ESifh ausmif;om;<br />

tcsKdU\ xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfaerIrsm; ½Sdwwfonf/ 0ifa&muf pGufzufjc,fvS,fjcif;ESifh 0ifa&muftoHk;csjcif;tjrifrsm;<br />

oGm;a&mufwlnDaejcif;onf uGJjym;avonf/ toHk;csrItcsKdU ½Sdaumif; ½Sdaevdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf trsm;tm;jzifh oGm;a&muf<br />

wlnDaerIrsm;om jzpfEdkifonf/ udkatmifqef;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ ¤if;udk q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;u vnf;<br />

aumif;? ocifxGef;tkyf? ocifApdef? a'gufwmbarmfwdkYu vnf;aumif; toHk;csonf[k toHk;cscH&onf[k rajym<br />

qdkcJhay/ ausmif;om;b0? awmfvSefa&;orm;b0? EdkifiHa&;orm;b0wGif rSefuefpGm&yfwnfNyD; rSefuefaom trsKd;<br />

om;a&;vrf;aMumif;ay:wGif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtm;vnf;aumif;? zufqpf*syefwdkYtm;vnf;aumif; qefYusifwdkufyGJ<br />

0ifcJhjcif;om jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY tjrifrsKd; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;wGif ½Sdaeygu 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlYtcGifhta&;wdkufyGJ<br />

w0ufatmifjrifonf[k qdk&ayrnf/<br />

xdkESpfu ausmif;rsm;jyefzGifhaomtcg wuo\OD;aqmifrIjzifh &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;onf xD;wef;<br />

aumvdyf? &efuif;aumvdyftygt0if ydkpwmrsm;udkifí toHwdwfqE´jyMuonf/ arG;&mygtcGifhta&;jzpfaom ynmoif<br />

,lcGifh&½Sda&;udk toem;cHjcif;rjyKMu? rsuf&nfcHxdk;jcif;rjyK qE´jyíom uefYuGufawmif;qdkonf/<br />

(Z) yxrtBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ<br />

yxrtBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODrSmyif 30?<br />

11? 54 rS 2? 12? 54 &uftxd jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJodkY &efukef? rEÅav;? armfvNrdKifwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuG &efuif;? xD;wef;? aq;odyÜHwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuonf/ wuúodkvf½Sd<br />

toif;tzGJUaygif; (52) zGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuonf/ yxrtBudrf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuúodkvf<br />

tm;vHk;\tajctaeudk wifjyMuonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGifhrsm; usqHk;ae&jcif;wdkYudk azmfxkwf<br />

awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ þodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk xkwfazmfvifhupm; &½Sd&ef rnfodkYaqmif½Guf&rnfudk vnf;aumif;?<br />

rnfonfhtzGJUtm; wm0efay;tyfrnfudk pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;jcif; rjyKcJhMuay/<br />

vuf½SdtajctaewGif Armjynft&yf&yf½Sd wuúodkvf? aumvdyfrsm;onf &efukefwuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU<br />

atmufü ½Sdaeojzifh wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ta&;rSm &efukefwuúodkvfaumvdyfESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfaecJhonf/<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf; wckwnf;aom tmPmydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUodkY awmif;qdkcJh&onf/ xdkYtjyif &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUodkY wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;ay;ydkY&ojzifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk\ awmif;qdkcsuft00udk wuo<br />

omvQif vufawGUjyEdkifcJhayonf/ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí (34) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYüvnf;<br />

aumif;? (16) Budrfajrmuf ausmif;om;aeYüvnf;aumif; usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm;wGif wifoGif;<br />

axmufcH aqG;aEG;Muonf/ vuf½Sdwuúodkvfrsm; tajctaeESifh ausmif;om;wdkY\ oabmxm;rsm;udk wuoonf<br />

1954 ckESpf? 'DZifbm (27) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvf½Sdq&mrsm;ESifhawGUqkHum aqG;aEG;wifjycJhonf/ 1955 ckESpf? Zefe<br />

0g&Dv (13) &ufwGif usif;yaom pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD;wGifvnf; wuúodkvfaygif;pHk<br />

aqG;aEG;yGJ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk axmufcHjcif;jyKcJhonf/ þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rsm;<br />

wGif wifoGif;awmif;qdkcJh½kHrQru wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh awGUqHkpOftcguvnf; wifjyawmif;qdk<br />

cJhMuayonf/ þodkY ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u awmif;qdkcJhMuonfhtwGuf atmufwdk<br />

bm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifcJhojzifh zrf;qD;cH&aom ausmif;om;&Jabmftm;vHk;udk vTwfay;cJhMuayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk pmar;yGJajzcGifhjyKonftxd vdkufavsmcJh&onf/<br />

1955-56 ckESpfwGif (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u toHk;jyKcJhojzifh &efukef?<br />

rEÅav;? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwdkYwGif ausmif;om;ESpfaxmifausmf pmayoifMum;rI &yfqdkif;cJh&onf/ xdkYtwGuf wuo<br />

onf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk wm;qD;ydwfyifcsufjzpfonfh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf rdbjynf<br />

olrsm;odkY yefMum;vTmxkwfjcif;? owif;pmuGefz&ifhac:,lum 5? 7? 55 aeYwGif wBudrf? 13? 9? 55 aeYwGifwBudrf<br />

ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm; usif;yuefYuGufcJhonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfuefYuGufqE´jyyGJwGif ausmif;om;aygif; ESpf<br />

axmifhig;&mausmf wufa&mufum NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;xH vSnfhvnfwdkifMum;qE´jycJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkxHrS (3) cgus<br />

ausmif;xkwfpepfuefYuGufjcif; jzpfaom qE´jyaumufcH&mwGif vufrSwf av;axmifausmf &½SdcJhonf/ (3) cgusausmif;<br />

xkwfpepftwGuf qE´awmif;cHyGJ jyKvkyf&m ausmif;om;aygif; (4708) a,muf uefYuGufqE´jyí? (315) a,mufu<br />

¤if;pepfudk oabmusaMumif;ESifh (17) a,muf Mum;aecJhonf/<br />

489

490<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;xk\ tajctaeudk 1955 ckESpf? Edk0ifbm (24) &ufaeYrS (26) &ufaeYxd usif;yaom<br />

vli,faygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJwGif wifjycJhNyD; (35) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYESifh (17) Budrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

aeYwGif wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ 1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (12) &ufaeYESifh (13) &ufaeYrsm;wGif ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;\<br />

toHwdwfqE´jyyGJjyKvkyfcJhum ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; axmufcHrI&½SdcJhonf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpDü qE´jy&if;yif ausmif;om; (700) ausmfvSnfhvnfqE´jychJonf/<br />

þodkY awmif;qdkcJhMu½HkrQru wuúodkvfaumifpD aqG;aEG;yGJac:,lum <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wqifh<br />

awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ wuotvHawmfatmufwGif nDñGwfpGm vufwGJawmif;qdkrIaMumifh-<br />

1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh ywfoufípOf;pm;&ef oifhavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm; wifjy&eftwGuf<br />

aumfrwDw&yfudkyif zGJUpnf;cJhMuayonf/ (oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf roifhavsmfonfhtwGuf jyefvnf<br />

pOf;pm;&onfh oabmyifjzpfonf/)<br />

2/ wzefausmif;om;xktm; pmar;yGJusrnfhab;rS oufomap&ef (Overall Moderation) udk &½SdcJhayonf/<br />

3/ ,cifausmif;0ifcGifhpnf;urf;rsm;wGif wuúodkvfESifhqefYusifzuf rjyKvkyfyg[laom pnf;urf;rsm; zsuf<br />

odrf;um ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;cJh&ayonf/<br />

4/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olwdkYESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om; (2) OD;tm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&&ef axmufcHjcif;?<br />

(4) OD;tm; jyefvnfpOf;pm;&ef[k qHk;jzwf&jcif;xd vdkufavsmcJh&ayonf/<br />

5/ (Canteen fees) rsm;udk zsufodrf;cJh&½kHrQru ausmif;taqmuftOD wdk;csJUjcif;? q&mvHkavmufpGm<br />

cefYxm;jcif;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* jynfhpHkrI&½Sdapjcif; tp½Sdonfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rltm;jzifh wuúodkvf<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUxHrS vufcH&½SdcJhonf/<br />

þodkY awmif;qdkcsuftcsKdU vdkufavsm&NyD; tcsKdUjynfvnfpOf;pm;jcif; jyK&onfrSm wuo\ awmif;qdkcsuf<br />

rsm;onf w&m;rQwrSefuefonfhtjyif wuo\ rSefuefaom acgif;aqmifrIatmufwGif ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;<br />

nDñGwfpGm ta&;qdkcJhonfhtwGuf jzpfonf/<br />

(ps) 'kwd,tBudrfwuúodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;<br />

'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wuotaqmuftODwGif 1956 ck Zefe0g&D<br />

v 23? 24? 25 &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;yonfhtcg udk,fpm;vS,f (126) OD;ESifh avhvmol (65) OD; wufa&mufonf/<br />

,if;aqG;aEG;yGJrS jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; yefMum;vTm xkwfjyef&mwGif-<br />

jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; yefMum;vTm<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf? rauG;OypmaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuúodkvfaygif;pHkrS tzGJUaygif;pHk udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYonf &efukefNrdKU wuo taqmuftODwGif<br />

Zefe0g&Dv 23? 24? 25 &ufaeYrsm;wGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuavonf/<br />

xdkodkYaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftajctaet&yf&yfudk aqG;aEG; wifjycJhMuayonf/ wuúodkvf<br />

aumvdyfrsm;wGif ynma&;tqifhtwef; edrfhusjcif;? ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;<br />

jynfpHkvHkavmufjcif;r½SdbJ vdktyfaejcif;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;wdkYudk cHae&onf/<br />

þodkYjzifh ynma&;tqifhtwef; edrfhusjcif;? vdktyfcsufrsm;jzpfay:vmjcif;rsm;u wjznf;jznf;wdk;wuf<br />

vmum ynma&;tusyftwnf; ydkrdkeuf½dIif;&jcif;rSm ynma&;toHk;p&dwf&efyHkaiGudk enf;yg;pGmoHk;pGJum jynfwGif;ppf<br />

twGuf toHk;p&dwfudk ydkrdkoHk;pGJjcif;aMumifhjzpfonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/<br />

,aeY jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;cJhonfrSm (7) ESpfausmfMumcJhNyD/ vlxkw&yfvHk;onf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;<br />

twGuf awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhMuonfudk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fum 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif;? jynfolvlxk<br />

w&yfvHk;wGif pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;vmum pD;yGm;a&; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;udk cHMu&NyD; tcGifhta&;<br />

awmif;qdkvmaom vlxktm; vufeufjzifhzdESdyfrIaMumifh jynfwGif;ppf jzpfay:vmcJh&ayonf/ (7) ESpfausmf jzpfay:vm<br />

aom jynfwGif;ppftwGuf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;rSm ynma&;tusyftwnf; ydkrdkeuf½dIif;vmjcif;? vlxkw&yfvHk;rSm<br />

pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; ydkrdkeuf½Idif;vmjcif; paom jynfwGif;ppf'Pfudk tjyif;txefcHpm;cJh&ayonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

þodkYjynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;xkcHpm;ae&aom jynfwGif;ppfudk jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;u &yfpJ&ef<br />

vdkvm;Muayonf/ ,aeYtajctaewGif ppfa&;t& tMurf;zufESdrfeif;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;rSm rjzpfEdkif<br />

aMumif; (7) ESpfausmf tawGUtMuHKrsm;u oufaoxif½Sm;apcJhNyD jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh<br />

&yfpJyg&ef 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS arwåm&yfcH yefMum;vdkufygaMumif;/<br />

wuúodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm;<br />

(u) ausmif;om;tusKd;ESifU vdktyfcsuftqdkrsm;<br />

1/ ynma&;&efyHkaiG q,f&mcdkifEIef; wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJ&ef?<br />

2/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;udk aiGodef; (100) usyfxufrenf; oHk;pGJwdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

3/ EdkifiHjcm;ynmawmfoif ausmif;om;OD;a&udk wdk;jr§ifh&efESifh axmufyHhaMu;aiGay;aom ausmif;om;OD;a&udk<br />

wdk;jr§ifh&ef?<br />

4/ q&mrsm; vpmaiGudk vHkavmufpGm wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

5/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh tcsKd;us ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*ESifh ud&d,mypönf;rsm; vHkavmuf<br />

pGm xm;½Sd&ef?<br />

6/ aumvdyftqifh½Sd ausmif;rsm;tm; wuúodkvftqifhxd jr§ifhwif&efESifh vdktyforQaom tajccHjyifqifrI<br />

rsm;tm; tjrefqHk; pDrHaqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

7/ ArmEdkifiHwGif wuúodkvftqifh½Sdaom ausmif; (1) ausmif;? aumvdyftqifh½Sd ausmif; (6) ausmif;rQom<br />

½Sdum aemufxyfvdktyfaeaom ae&mrsm;ü wuúodkvfaumvdyfrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

8/ wuúodkvfaumvdyfrsm;½Sd ausmif;aqmifrsm;tm; acwfrDausmif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf jyifqifay;&efESifh ausmif;<br />

aqmifrsm; xyfrHwdk;csJU aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

9/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vdktyforQaom aq;½Hkrsm;? q&m0efrsm;? tm;upm;enf;jy q&mrsm;ESifh upm;ckefpm;<br />

ud&d,mrsm;udk vdktyfonfhae&mwGif tjrefqHk; wdk;csJUjznfhpGuf&ef?<br />

10/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm;udk avQmhcsay;&ef? rvdktyfaom tmrcHaMu;rsm;udk y,fzsufay;&efESifh ausmif;oHk;pm<br />

tkyfaps;EIef;rsm;udk oufomacsmifcsdatmif aqmif½Gufay;&ef/<br />

(c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdk<br />

1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepftm; tjrefqHk;½kyfodrf;&efESifh aumifpDrS zGJUpnf;xm;aom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDrS<br />

tjrefqHk; pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&efESifh pHkprf;qJumvwGif þpepftm; toHk;rjyKbJ &yfqdkif;xm;&ef?<br />

2/ 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tm;<br />

tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefwufcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

3/ 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&ol (2) OD;<br />

tm; 0&rf;xkwfxm;jcif;udk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&ef?<br />

4/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ynma&;0efBuD;XmeodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm; axmufcHjcif;?<br />

5/ 1956 ckESpf rwfvwGif bef;a'gif;NrdKUwGifusif;yrnfh tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHudk BudKqdk<br />

aMumif;? jrefrmausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufEdkif&ef EdkifiHul;vufrSwf xkwfay;&efESifh EdkifiHawmf<br />

tpdk;&u ukefusp&dwfaxmufyHh&eftcsufrsm; qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

xdkaqG;aEG;yGJodkY urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS udk,fpm;vS,f (A.d Thomas) wufa&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;<br />

onf/ aqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefaom a

492<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

rauG;aumvdyfOypmausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> aMunmcsuf<br />

wuúodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm;<br />

(u) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;<br />

(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef?<br />

(2) ausmif;ac:csdef 65% ½SdrSomvQif pmar;yGJajzEdkifcGifhay;onfh rw&m;aom owfrSwfcsufudk zsufodrf;<br />

&ef?<br />

(3) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODwck tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

(4) rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefvTwf&ef?<br />

(5) rw&m;xkwfy,fxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk ausmif;jyefoGif;&ef?<br />

(6) ausmif;om;tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm usif;ycGifhay;&ef?<br />

(7) ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;xufrenf; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef/<br />

(c) ynma&;<br />

(1) rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü oifMum;Edkifaom bmom&yftm;vHk;udk pHkvifpGmoifMum;<br />

ydkYcsay;&ef?<br />

(Oyrm- tydkbmom&yfrsm;wGif &mZ0if? wuúaA'? pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm? ygVd? ocFsm? "mwkaA'? ½lyaA'?<br />

ygPaA'rSvGJí tjcm;bmom&yfrsm; rydkYcsEdkifao;yg/)<br />

(2) ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk odef; (100) txd wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

(3) vufawGUprf;oyfcef;ESifh ywfoufaom ud&d,mrsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd<br />

ay;&ef?<br />

(4) ausmif;wGif q&mtvHktavmuf xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

(5) ausmif;pmMunfhwdkufwck zGifhvSpfay;&ef/<br />

(*) oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

(1) ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm; aps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaerIudk aps;EIef;oufomatmif aqmif½Gufay;&ef?<br />

(2) vdktyfaomar*smrsm;ü wuúodkvfESifh Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

(3) ausmif;ol^om;rsm; c&D;oGm;vm&mü tpdk;&ydkif,mOfrsm;udk w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;cGifhay;&ef?<br />

(4) ausmif;aqmifcrsm; avQmhcsay;&ef?<br />

(5) rauG;aumvdyfwGif rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmif waqmif aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

(6) trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifwGif wcef;vHk;trsm;qHk; (2) a,mufom xm;½Sd&ef?<br />

(7) aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm; em;aecef; xm;½Sday;&ef/<br />

(C) usef;rma&;<br />

(1) rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;aqmifcef;wckudk tjrefqHk; xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

(2) ruG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf &oifh&xdkufaom upm;ckefpm;aMu;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;xkwf<br />

ay;&efESifh acwfrDupm;ypönf;rsm; xkwfay;&ef?<br />

(3) ausmif;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;odkYvnf; upm;ckefpm;aMu; xkwfay;&ef?<br />

(4) um,Avenf;jyq&m wa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>tpD&ifcHpm<br />

,aeYusif;yvsuf½Sdaom wuúodkvfaygif;pHk rauG;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;ol^om;rsm;\ b0tajctaeudk<br />

atmufygtwdkif; tpD&ifcHygonf/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY OypmaumvdyfwGif vdktyfcsufrsm;rSm-<br />

1/ ynmoifMum;ae&aom tajctae<br />

uRefawmfwdkY ,aeYynmoifMum;a&; tajctaerSm tzufzufrS csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh jynfhESufvsuf½SdNyD;<br />

atmufwef;usvSayonf/ rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm ray;Edkifjcif;? Oypmwef;ü oifMum;<br />

Edkifaom bmom&yftm;vHk;udk rauG;aumvdyfü jynfhpHkpGm roifMum;Edkifjcif; tp½SdonfwdkY jzpfonf/ yx0D? ul;oef;<br />

a&mif;0,fa&;? abm*aA'? blrdaA'ESifh Ak'¨bmom oifcef;pmrsm; roifMum;Edkifjcif; ponfwdkYtwGuf xdkbmomrsm;<br />

oifMum;vdkolrsm;onf &efukefwuúodkvfodkY oGm;a&muf oifMum;ae&ygonf/<br />

uRefawmfwdkYausmif;wGif rdef;uav;ESifh a,mufsm;av;ausmif;aqmifrsm; oD;jcm;r½Sdao;onfhtwGuf pmoif<br />

cef;rsm;wGifyif aexdkif&onf/ q&m? q&mrrsm;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;twGufESifh q&mrsm;twGuf oD;oefYtaqmuftODrsm; vdktyfvsuf ½Sdaeygonf/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;twGufvnf; pmMunfhcef;? tyef;ajzcef;? <strong>or*¾</strong>tcef;rsm; oD;oefY r½Sdao;yg/<br />

oufqdkif&mbmom&yfudk avhvm&ef pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;vnf; tvG,fwul 0,fr&Edkifao;yg/<br />

2/ usef;rma&;tajctae<br />

rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aq;ay;cef;wck vdktyfvsuf ½Sdaeygonf/ upm;ckef<br />

pm;a&;ESifh ywfoufívnf; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf xkwfay;&ef½Sdaom upm;ckefpm;aMu; aiGudk xkwfay;jcif;r½Sd<br />

cJhyg/<br />

3/ oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;pmwdkufyHk; r½Sdyg/ bmom&yfqdkif&m aps;BuD;aom pm<br />

tkyfrsm; iSm;&rf;Munfh½IEdkif&ef pmMunfhwdkuf r½Sdao;yg/<br />

,ckESpfwGif ausmif;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;twGuf oD;jcm;cef; r&½Sdao;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

twGuf ay;xm;aom a&'D,dkESifh owif;pmwdkYudk q&mrsm;tcef;wGifxm;½Sd&ojzifh q&mrsm;twGufom jzpfae&<br />

ygonf/<br />

rauG;aumvdyfrSm ,ckESpfrS pwifzGifhvSpfaomfvnf; vdkvm;csufrsm;pGm ½Sdaeygonf/ a,bk,sjzpfaom<br />

tjcm;vdktyfcsufrsm;rSm &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS oD;jcm;wifjyMuNyD; jzpfí rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;<br />

rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>taeESifh þrQom wifjyvdkygonf/<br />

xdkvdkvm;csufrsm; awmif;qdk&½SdEdkifa&;twGuf nDñGwfa&;ESifh nd§EIdif;wdkifyif vkyfaqmifjcif;onfom atmif<br />

jrifa&; vrf;aMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh ,ckusif;yaeaom wuúodkvfaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk wufa&mufí<br />

rauG;Oypmaumvdyf tajctaersm;udk wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

rauG;ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

rEåav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

uRefawmfwdkY rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> taejzifh yxrtBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;<br />

yGJrS aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfvdkufonfh t&yf&yfqdkif&mawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &½Sdapa&;twGuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh awmif;qdkwdkuf<br />

yGJ0ifcJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh tpDtpOfudk tenf;tusOf;tm;jzifh tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf yxrtBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS qHk;jzwf<br />

vdkufonfh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rEÅav;wuúodkvf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkodkY ½Sif;vif;wifjyNyD; oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;<br />

xH wifjyawmif;qdkjcif;jzifh at;csrf;pGmaqmif½GufcJhygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ajymyavmufatmif vdkufavsmrI r½SdcJhyg/<br />

rEÅav;aq;odyHÜ ausmif;om;wdkif; axmufyHhaMu;ay;a&;tcsufom vdkufavsmygw,f/<br />

xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD; vIHYaqmfpk½Hk;usif;ycJhygonf/ wdkif;jynfrsufpd em;ESifhwlonfh owif;<br />

493

494<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

pmq&mrsm;udk ac:qdkí uRefawmfrsm;\ epfemcsufrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owif;pmrSwqifh rdbjynfolodkY rMumcP<br />

wdkifwef; today;awmif;qdkcJhygonf/<br />

wuúodkvftoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;^olaygif; (2000) ausmfudk ynmoifMum;cGifhydwfí ausmif;xkwfypfap<br />

onfh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;udkvnf; tjyif;txef awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf<br />

pepfaMumifh uRefawmfrsm; rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS ausmif;ol^om;aygif; (300) rQ ynmoifMum;cGifhr&bJ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ<br />

pGm ausmif;rSxGufcGm oGm;Mu&ygonf/<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? zdESdyfrIOya'rsm; ½kyfodrf;a&;? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;oHk;ypönf;?<br />

ausmif;taqmuftOD vHkavmufa&; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk trsKd;om;aeY vlxkpnf;a0;yGJ? ausmif;om;aeY vlxkpnf;a0;<br />

yGJESifh tjcm;jynfolvlxk tpnf;ta0;yGJwdkif;wGif tcGifhta&;&wdkif; wifjyNyD; oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;xH awmif;qdkap<br />

cJhygonf/<br />

tqifhqifhawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJh&mwGif ausmif;om;xk\ nDñGwfrI wdkufcdkufa&;tm;aMumifh tpdk;&ESifh<br />

wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf atmufwdkbmta&;ESifh zrf;xm;aom tjypfrJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk >cif;csufr½Sd<br />

vTwfvdkuf&ygonf/ &moufyefausmif;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk jyefaecGifhray;ao;aomfvnf; pmar;yGJajz<br />

cGifh ay;vm&ygonf/<br />

odkYaomfvnf; atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;jzifh zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwfayr,fh ,aeYausmif;<br />

om;awGudk xyfcgzrf;aeonfudk txl;tpD&ifcHzdkYvkdrnfr[kwfyg/ ,aeY&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> taxG<br />

axGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&ol udkausmfpdk;wdkYrSm trIqifvkyfMuHNyD;<br />

tcsKyfaESmif cHaeMu&ygonf/ tpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf olwdkY\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; puf,EÅ,m;BuD;udk<br />

rSefrSefvnfEdkifa&;twGuf a&yla&at;vJonfhtaeESifh zrf;xm;aom (2) vMumonfh &JabmfawGudk vTwfNyD; rMumrD<br />

rSmyif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGudk xyfí zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;rsm; usifhoHk;aeygonf/ (3) cguspepfudkvnf;<br />

ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u uefYuGufzsufodrf;&ef awmif;qdkaomfvnf; tmPmydkifrsm;onf aumif;pGmta&;r,l<br />

ao;ay/<br />

xdkYaMumifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf (3) cguspepf zsufodrf;a&;? zdESdyfOya'rsm; zsuf<br />

odrf;a&;ESifh tjcm;tcGifhta&;vdktyfcsufrsm; &½Sda&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm; jyKvkyfusif;yí wnD<br />

wñGwfwnf; awmif;qkdcJhygonf/ rdbjynfolrsm; tultnD&½Sda&;ESifh ausmif;om;xk\ trSefudkodapa&;twGuf<br />

NrdKUwGif; vSnfhvnfqE´jycJhygonf/ (3) cguspepf zsufodrf;a&;? <strong>or*¾</strong>r0ifrae&pepf zsufodrf;a&;? 65% ausmif;wuf<br />

&ufpepf zsufodrf;a&;wdkYtwGuf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;tultnDjzifh qE´vufrSwfrsm; aumufcHpk½Hk;í (700)<br />

ausmfaom qE´vufrSwfrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;xH wifjyawmif;qdkcJhygonf/ xdkuJhodkY awmif;qdkonfhae&mrSm rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;rSm½Sdonfh ausmif;om; (1200) ausmfteuf (600) ausmfonf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGif<br />

pk½Hk;vmMuygonf/ vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;wGif vdkufygqE´jyMuonf/ qE´vufrSwfrsm; ay;Muygonf/ usefvlrsm; rtm;<br />

vyfí wdkufyGJwGif ryg0ifEdkifjcif;om jzpfygonf/<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;wdkufyGJrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;onf<br />

udk awGU&ygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; vdkufavsmrIonf rajymyavmufao;ay/ epfemcsuf trsm;tjym; ½Sdaeao;onf/<br />

xdkepfemcsufrsm;udk 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSm wifjyqkH;jzwfjyD; wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;rnfjzpf<br />

ygonf/ xkdaMumihf þaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif rEÅav;wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsufrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;udkd<br />

aemiftcdsefwGGif wifjyaqG;aEG;&ef ½Sdygonf/ wuúodkvfrSm epfemqkH;½IH;rIawG ½SdaeMuonfhtm;avsmfpGm &nf½G,fcsufjcif;<br />

wlonfh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH; nDñGwfrIwnfaxmifjyD; tcGifhta&;wkdufyGJrsm; wyGJNyD;wyGJ qufumqufum qifEGJzYkd<br />

½Sdygonf/<br />

rEÅav;wuúokdvf[k ac:qkdaeMuaomfvnf; pifppftm;jzifh usaemfrsm;ausmif;rSm rEÅav;wuúokdvf aumvdyf<br />

ausmif; tjzpfjzihfom½Sdaeonfudk udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;? avhvmolrsm;ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm; od½SdNyD; jzpfygvdrfhrnf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDrS rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;tm; 1957 ckESpfwGif oD;jcm;wuúodkvfBuD;<br />

wcktjzpf wnfaxmifay;rnf[k aMunmxm;aomfvnf; oD;jcm;wuúodkvfBuD;wGif ½Sdtyfaom t*Fg&yfrsm;udk BudKwif<br />

zef;wD;ay;&rnfh wm0efwGifrlum; &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDonf rsm;pGmcsKdU,Gif;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ oD;jcm;<br />

wuúodkvfBuD;twGuf vdktyfaom r[mXmersm;&½Sda&;twGuf tif*sifeD,modyÜH r[mXmecGJ? Oya'r[mXmecGJ? odyÜHynm<br />

r[mXmecGJ tp½SdonfwdkYtm; BudKwifzGifhvSpfxm;&efudpörSmvnf; wpHkw&mzGifh[ajymqdkjcif;yif r½SdcJhyg/ zGifhvSpfxm;aom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aq;odyÜHr[mXmecJGwGifvnf; a½SUESpfwGif wwd,ESpfoifwef;rsm;udk qufvufzGifhvSpfay;NyD; uxduq&mrsm;? ausmif;<br />

aqmifrsm;? prf;oyfaom ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sday;&ef vdkaeygonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpD<br />

wGif 0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrStp tpdk;&0efBuD;rsm; trsm;tjym;yg0ifvsuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhcsjcif;? wuúodkvfaxmufyHh<br />

aMu; odef; (70) rS odef; (65) odkY avQmhcsypfjcif;onf uRefawmfrsm;\ oD;jcm;wuúodkvf &½Sda&;udk wm;qD;ae&m<br />

a&mufygonf/<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;jyK<br />

aom w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; jzpfygaomfvnf; rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ &oifh&xdkufaom w&m;0if<br />

tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; qHk;½HI;epfemvsufyif ½Sdaeao;onf/ ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGifvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>rSudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

apvTwfa&;ü uefYowfcsKyfcs,frIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;jcif;? ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&;? upm;ckefpm;a&;? pwdkifyif axmufyHh<br />

aMu;ay;a&; tp½Sdonfrsm;wGif yg0ifcGifhr&½HkrQru rwuopnf;rsOf;tm; ausmif;om;xk (900) cefYrS axmufcH<br />

xm;onfudkyif <strong>or*¾</strong>vGwfvyfpGm wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;cGifh ydwfyifjcif;? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udkcHae&onf omru<br />

ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? q&m tp½Sdaom ynmoifMum;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm; rjynfhrpHk rzlrvHk<br />

jzpfae&jcif;? ausmif;om;qE´[lorQ vspfvsL½IcHae&jcif; tp½SdonfwdkYrSm rEÅav;wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKif? rauG;?<br />

ausmufjzL? aumvdyfrsm;tjyif &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;xkBuD;tygt0if ArmEdkifiHwuúodkvf ausmif;om;xk<br />

BuD;onf vnf;aumif;? wjynfvHk;ausmif;om;xkonf vnf;aumif;? ,aeY awGUMuHK&ifqdkifae&onf[k uRefawmf<br />

rsm; vufcH,HkMunfxm;ygonf/<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;rSm q&m rvHkavmufrI? ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufrIawG wifjy&r,fqdk&if ausmif;<br />

om; (200) rSm q&mwa,muf oifMum;ae&onfudk vufawGUrsufjrif jzpfygw,f/ bmomtvdkuf qdkif&mXmewdkif;rSm<br />

q&mtrsm;tjym; vdkaeonfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf/ pmoifcef;awGrSmvnf; rjynfhrpHk? rvHkavmufonfhtwGuf ae&mxdkif<br />

cif; &,la&;udk tajy;tvTm; tvkt,uf wufa&muf oifMum;ae&ygonf/ ausmif;aqmifaygif;rSmvnf; ,aeYqdk&if<br />

(4) aqmifom ½Sdygao;onf/ jynfawmfomaqmifrSmvnf; x&HumwJwef;jzpfNyD; xdkwJwef; ausmif;aqmifxJrSm<br />

us,fus,fjyefYjyefY raeMu&ygbl;/ ESpfcef;ywfvnf tus,ft0ef;xJrSm (4) a,muf usyfusyfwnf;wnf; aeMu&<br />

ygw,f/ topfaqmufay;xm;aom ausmif;aqmifawGrSm wa,mufomaeoifhaomtcef;ESifh xdktcef;udk (2) a,muf<br />

aeMu&ygonf/ ausmif;aqmifawG[m aemufxyfwdk;csJU aqmufay;zdkYvdkygonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifawG[m rEÅav;e,fajr tajctaeESifh rudkufnD? roifhawmfwmawG awGU&ygw,f/ av;axmifh<br />

yHkoP²mefaqmufxm;NyD; av0ifavaygufr½Sdí twGif;cef;awGrSm avvHk;0r&½Sdyg/ aEG&moDqdkjyef&ifvnf; raeEdkif<br />

atmifyljyif;vSygonf/ usef;rma&;ESifh vHk;0rudkufnDwm awGU&ygonf/ 'gaMumifh aemufxyfaqmufvkyfr,fh taqmif<br />

awGrSm av0ifomNyD; usef;rma&;eJYnDñGwfwJh yHkoP²mefrsKd; aqmufvkyfzdkY awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ ,ck aqmufvkyfqJ<br />

ausmif;aqmifawGü av0ifaygufrsm;jzifh jyifqifaqmufvkyfaeonfudk awGU&ygonf/<br />

ausmif;teD;tem; ausmif;aqmife,fajrESifh ausmif;aqmif xrif;[if;tp½Sdaom tpm;taomufrsm;udk<br />

usef;rma&;t&m½Sdu oefY½Sif;? roefY½Sif;udkvnf; rppfaq;cJhyg/ tpm;taomufrsm; roefY½Sif;onfhtwGuf a&m*g<br />

trsm;tjym; &cJhMuygonf/ ,aeYtxd aq;½HkMuD;ü tla&mifa&m*grsm;? tltwufaygufí AdkufcGJuko&aom a&m*grsm;?<br />

tpmtdrfaygufí AdkufcGJuko&onfh a&m*grsm;½Sdaeygao;onf/<br />

ausmif;rSmvnf; oD;jcm;aq;½Hk r½Sdao;yg/ q&m0efrsm;vnf; tjrJr½Sdao;bJ usOf;ajrmif;aom aq;ay;cef;<br />

av;om ½Sdygonf/ q&m0ef (1) a,mufwnf;om wywfrSm Ak'¨[l;aeYwaeYomvQif vma&muf wm0ef,lonfudk<br />

awGU&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh aq;½HkoD;jcm; aqmufvkyfay;&ef? wwfuRrf;onfh q&m0efrsm;tjrJxm;ay;&efESifh aq;0g;<br />

tjynfhtpHk xm;½Sday;&efwdkYudk ausmif;om;wdkif;u vdkvm;qE´½Sdaeojzifh þtcsufrsm;vnf; txl;awmif;qdkcJhygonf/<br />

ausmif;oHk;bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfrsm;rSmvnf; wefzdk;BuD;jrifhpGmjzifh 0,f,loifMum;ae&ygonf/ tzdk;EIef;<br />

uefYowfrIr½Sdí pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;,lrI atmufwGif aps;BuD;ay;um 0,f,loHk;pGJ&onfhtjyif tcsKdUpmtkyf<br />

pmwrf;rsm;rSm 0,f,lír&onfh tcuftcJrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifaeMu&ygonf/ þuJhodkY pmtkyfrsm;0,f,lr&í tvm;wl<br />

pmtkyfrsm;avhvm&ef pmMunfhwdkufrsm;rSmvnf; bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufrI r½Sdao;ay/<br />

bmom&yfqdkif&m pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfí pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufatmif pDpOfxm;½Sday;jcif;rsm;<br />

vnf; r½Sdao;ay/<br />

xdkaMumifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;onf tjyifA[kokwtjzpfomru bmom&yfqdkif&m wdk;wuf<br />

rIrsm;twGuf avhvmvdkufpm;csifaomfvnf; avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh r&ouJhodkY jzpfaeMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh vuf½SdpmMunfh<br />

495

496<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wdkufwGif bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhjynfhpHkpHk vHkvHkavmufavmuf xm;½Sday;&efESifh bmomtvdkufqdkif&m<br />

pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef trsm;BuD; vdktyfaeao;onf/<br />

rEÅav;aq;odyÜHausmif;ü &ifqdkifaeMu&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk wifjy&ygvQif ,cktxd trsKd;om;ausmif;<br />

aqmif? trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmif[lí oD;jcm;xm;½Sdjcif; r½Sdao;bJ pmoifcef;ausmif;aqmifay:üom pkaygif;aeMu&yg<br />

onf/ oifwef;tcef;rsm; rvHkavmuf rtm;vyfí prf;oyf&efypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk rwyfqifEdkif? roif,lEdkifbJjzpfae<br />

Muygonf/<br />

pdkufysKd;a&;odyÜHüvnf; q&mvHkavmufrIr½Sdí q&mrsm; iSm;&rf;ay;aeMu&ygonf/ pdkufysKd;a&;ausmif;om;<br />

rsm; aexdkif&eftwGufvnf; oD;jcm;ausmif;aqmif r½Sdao;yg/ xdkolwdkYtwGuf ausmif;aqmifvdktyfaeygao;onf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh ausmif;wdkif;ausmif;wdkif; q&mrsm; rvHkravmuf rjynfhrpHkrIwdkYtjyif ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufrI<br />

rsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* rjynfhrpHkrvHkavmufrIrsm;? zdESdyfrItrsKd;rsKd;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifawGUMuHKae&onfrSm xif½Sm;vSyg<br />

onf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm; &½Sda&;? zdESdyfrIOya'rsm; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf &nf½G,fcsufwl<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh nDnDñGwfñGwfvufwGJNyD; jyif;jyif;xefxef aqmif½GufoGm;rnfudk today;vsuf þtpD&ifcHpmudk<br />

wifoGif;vdkuf&ygonf cifAsm;/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

rEåav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

rEåav;NrdKY<br />

xdk 'kwd,Budrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

,ckuJhodkY enf;vrf;rusrcdkifvHkaom taMumif;jycsufjzifh tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;jcif;onf ,cifu wuo<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;tm; &mZ0wfjypfrIusL;vGefolrsm;uJhodkY vufxdyfcwfac:&mwGif rvdkufonfh<br />

tNidK;jzifhom ,ckuJhodkY txl;weff;aexdkifcGifh tcGifhta&;½kyfodrf;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ odkYygí &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>u ½SufzG,fvdvd rw&m;þodkYjyKrljcif;udk jyif;xefpGm uefYuGufvdkuf&ygonf/<br />

odom&ef-<br />

(1) jynfxJa&;<br />

(2) w&m;Xme<br />

(3) ykvdyfrif;BuD;<br />

(4) 'k-ykvdyfrif;BuD; (&mZ0wfrIqdkif&m)<br />

(5) qdkif&mw&m;olBuD;<br />

(6) owif;pmwdkufrsm;<br />

(#) 1955-56 ckESpf wuo tpD&ifcHpm<br />

av;pm;pGmjzifh<br />

(bkef;vIdif)<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

wuo<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (1955-1956 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpm)<br />

yxrtywf (wuo) a½G;aumufyGJudk atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYwGif usif;y&m wyfOD;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

jzpfMuaom udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) onf wuo\ Ouú|tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;;? podef;[ef (u&iftrsKd;om;)<br />

onf wuo 'k-Ouú|tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;? udkpHabmf (&cdkiftrsKd;om;? B .A, B. L) wuo\b@ma&;rSL;tjzpf<br />

jzifhvnf;aumif; toD;oD;a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&\/<br />

'kwd,tywf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk atmufwdkbmv (21) &ufaeYwGifusif;y&m atmufygwyfOD; udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;onf wuotrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf rJtjywftowfESifh a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&onf/<br />

¤if;trIaqmiftzGJYwGif-<br />

(1) udkwifat; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (rEÅav;)<br />

(2) udkbkef;vdIif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (tif;0)<br />

(3) apmtuf'refwifcsKd EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL; (u&iftrsKd;om;)<br />

(4) udkausmfjrifhh upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;rSL; (½Srf;)<br />

(5) udkjrifhOD; vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL;<br />

(6) udkarmifarmifñGefY ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;rSL;<br />

-ponfjzifh wm0eftoD;oD; cGJa0xrf;aqmifcJhMuayonf/<br />

wuo\ pnf;rsOf;pOfvmt&trIaqmiftzGJYrS-<br />

(1) udk0if;Zif tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

(2) udkwifat; pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

-tjzpf a½G;cs,fcefUtyfcJhayonf/<br />

1955-56 ckESpftwGuf tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDudk-<br />

(1) udk0if;Zif tdk;a0wm0efcHt,f'Dwm<br />

(2) udkpHabmf aiGxdef;<br />

(3) udkodef;[ef tvkyfwm0efcH<br />

497

498<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(4) udkcsdef*Grf twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(5) udkausmf0if;jrifh trIaqmif<br />

(6) udkwif½Sdef trIaqmif<br />

(7) udkwifhvGif trIaqmif<br />

-wdkYudkzGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

1955-56 ckESpf yd#duwfwdkuftwGuf<br />

(1) udkwifat; yd#duwfwdkufrSL;<br />

(2) udkpHabmf aiGxdef;<br />

(3) apmawvm aumfrwD0if<br />

(4) udkcifarmif&if aumfrwD0if<br />

(5) udkvSaz (&cdkif) aumfrwD0if (aemif OD;wifhaZmf)<br />

(6) udkoef;vGif aumfrwD0if<br />

(7) udkapmvGif aumfrwD0if<br />

-wdkY yg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/<br />

wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDudkvnf;-<br />

(1) udkausmfjrifh<br />

(2) udkodef;ñGefU<br />

(3) udkxGef;atmif<br />

(4) udka½TaX;<br />

(5) pwdkifavr,f*spf -wdkYudk wm0efay;zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wl (bDatbDt,fvf) udk cefYxm;cJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDwGif ausmif;om;xk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? qE´rsm;? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjy<br />

aqG;aEG;onfhtcgwGif vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfwGif½Sdaom jyóemt&yf&yfudkpOf;pm;&mü vnf;aumif;? pnf;rsOf;tpOf<br />

vmt& ausmif;om;xk\udk,fpm; (wuo) \ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf -<br />

(1) OD;at;armif (w&m;a&;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywda[mif;)<br />

(2) OD;bNidrf; (tdkifpDtufpf twGif;0ifa[mif;) wdkYtm; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhMuayonf/<br />

OD;at;armifonf wuúodkvfaq;½HkaumfrwDwGifvnf; wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0ef,laqmif½Gufae<br />

ayonf/<br />

OD;bNidrf;onf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifh wuúodkvf&dyfomaumfrwDwGif wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf<br />

wm0ef,laqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdayao;onf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wuorS udkarmifarmifñGefY<br />

ESifh udkausmfjrifhwdkYtm; wm0efay;aqmif½Guf cJhaponf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1955 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (17)<br />

&ufaeYwGif ,k'oefcef;rüusif;ycJhonf/ xdkusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJwGif igwdkY wuo trIaqmiftzGJU0if\0g'udk atmufyg<br />

twdkif; ausmif;om;xkodkY wifjy½Sif;vif;cJhayonf/<br />

1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifh<br />

jzL;a&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;<br />

om;tiftm;pkrsm; ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;<br />

oif;qufqHa&; ponfhtajccH0g'rsm;udk csrSwfí ¤if;0g'\atmufü ,ckESpfwGifvkyfaqmifrnfh t"du<br />

vkyfief;BuD; (8) &yfudkvnf; csrSwfcJhonf/<br />

(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(2) pmar;yGJusqHk;rI ,kwfavsmhap&ef bmom&yfvdkuf (Departmentel Moderation) vkyf½Hkomru?<br />

tm;vHk;pkaygif;í (Overall Moderation) vkyfa&;/<br />

(3) ausmif;om;or0g,rESifh ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Canteen) wck azmfxkwfa&;/<br />

(4) <strong>or*¾</strong>yd#duwfwdkuf pepfwus wnfaqmufzGifhvSpfa&;/<br />

(5) aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyfa&;/<br />

(6) 1955 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif usif;yrnfh vli,faygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

(7) wuotaqmuftOD wdk;csJUa&;ESifh pnf;rsOf;jyifqifa&;/<br />

(8) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;/<br />

&Jabmf ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkhtxuf0g'ESifh<br />

vkyfief;pOft& 1955-56 ckESpftwGuf ausmif;om;xkwm0efay;tyf a½G;aumufwifajr§muf<br />

cJhaom wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJwGif atmufygtwdkif; tpD&ifcH<br />

ygonf/<br />

wuoonf wuúodkvfausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom jyóem&yfrsm;? rw&m;Oya'rsm;udk<br />

zsufodrf;&eftwGuf ausmif;om;xka½SUü rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf ½Sdygonf/<br />

13? 1? 56 aeYwGif usif;ycJhaom wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;yGJü ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; cHpm;ae&aom<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm; w&mausmfudk wifjyawmif;qdkcJhygonf/ ¤if;awmif;qdkcsufrsm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh ausmif;aqmif<br />

ESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? pmar;yGJESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f<br />

aom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/ wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufESifhywfoufí aumifpDrS atmufygtwdkif; jyefMum;yg<br />

onf/<br />

(1) ,ckESpfrS pí Overall moderation vkyfay;rnf/<br />

(2) Caution Fees rsm;udk y,fzsufay;rnf/<br />

(3) Laboratory rsm;udk ausmif;om; tvdk½SdcsdefwGif prf;oyfcGifhjyKEdkif&ef Dean of Science ESifh pDpOfí<br />

prf;oyfcGifhjyKrnf/<br />

(4) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh r[m0dZÆmodyÜHwef; axmufyHhaMu;udk 100d^- txd wdk;ay;&ef oabmwlonf/<br />

oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh 65% pepfwdkYudk pOf;pm;&efESifh tjcm;oifhawmfaom enf;pepf½Sdygu aumifpD<br />

odkY wifjy&ef atmufygaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;ygonf/<br />

1/ ygarmu©csKyf (cs,f,mrif)<br />

2/ odyÜHr[mXmerSL;<br />

3/ 0dZÆmr[mXmerSL;<br />

4/ ausmif;tkyfBuD; (rEÅav;)<br />

5/ OD;bNidrf; (wuoudk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

6/ OD;xGef;wif (NrdKUawmf0efa[mif;)<br />

wuúodkvfodkY 0ifa&muf&mwGif ,cifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&aom (Any action against University etc.)<br />

tpm; atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tpm;oGif;ay;ygonf/<br />

(1) I will obey all existing future statutes, rules & regulation of the University <strong>and</strong> decisions<br />

of its constituent authorities.<br />

(2) I will properly conduct myself as a student of the University.<br />

q&mrsm;yg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;í pnf;urf;opfjyK&mwGifvnf; ausmif;om;qE´udk &,lrnf/<br />

ausmif;om; (40) vQif t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mwa,mufxm;½Sda&;? pmoifcef;rsm;? ausmif;aqmifrsm; wdk;csJUaqmuf<br />

vkyfa&;? avmu"gwfynm prf;oyf&efypönf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;½Sda&;? enf;jyq&mrsm; wdk;csJUcefUxm;a&;<br />

paom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;wGif wuúodkvfaumifpDrS rltm;jzifh vufcHvdkufavsmayonf/<br />

rD;&xm;? rD;oabFm? av,mOfysHponfwdkYwGif w0ufcEIef;jzifh pD;eif;cGifhjyK&efjzpfaom oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

awmif;qdkcsufwdkYwGif aumifpDrS qdkif&mESifhpDpOfaeygonf[k jyefMum;cJhayonf/<br />

tm;upm;½Hkjyifqifa&;paom upm;ckefpm;ESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? ausmif;om;wdkif; aq;tcrJh<br />

499

500<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

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í vnf;aumif;? tcsKdUudk aumifpDESifh rqdkif[lí vnf;aumif;;? tcsKdUtcsufrsm;udk rjzpfEdkifyg[lí vnf;aumif;;<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDrS jyefMum;cJhayonf/<br />

&Jabmfwdkhausmif;om;xk\<br />

wcJeufaomqEÉSifh nDñGwfaomtiftm;aMumifh ,aeYtmPmydkifwdkYonf cg;cg;oD;oD;<br />

y,fcscJhaom (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk ,cktcg þuJhodkY pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDyifvQif cefYtyfMu&ayonf/ odkYaomf<br />

þtcsufonf atmifjrifjcif; r[kwfao;ay/ ausmif;om;xk\ cdkifrmawmifhwif; nDñGwfaom tiftm;jzifh ¤if;pepfqdk;<br />

ysufokOf;onftxd qufvufwGef;vSef NzdKzsuf&ef vdktyfayonf/<br />

igwdkYonf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;vkyfief; awmif;qdkcsufvkyfief;tjyif ,ckuJhodkY ausmif;om;<br />

rsm; tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;cH&onfhtcsdef ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;udk rw&m;ausmif;pnf;rsOf; Oya'rsm;ESifh &pfywfí<br />

pmoifcef;twGif;rS armif;xkwfjcif;cHae&onfh tcsdefwGif ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; vufeufudkudkifpGJum awmif;qdk<br />

wdkufyGJ0ifrS atmifjrifEdkifrnf[k wuou ,HkMunfojzifh ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk txl;aqmif½GufcJh<br />

ygonf/<br />

Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeY urÇmhausmif;om;aeYwGif igwdkYwuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;wGJNyD;<br />

crf;em;pGm usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ ¤if;aeYrSm urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;\ tajctae? Armhausmif;om;rsm;\ ypöu©tajctae<br />

rsm;tm; qufpyfavhvmwifjyum ¤if;wifjycsufawGxJüyif ausmif;om;wdkufyGJ toGifo@mefrsm;udk odjrifenf;,l<br />

EdkifcJhMuonf/ (35) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aeYüvnf; wrsKd;om;vHk;\ta&;rsm;udk wuoonf &mZ0iftpOftvmt&<br />

a½SUwef;rS yg0ifaqmif½Gufum Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh &uowdkYygyl;wGJí acgif;aqmifusif;y EdkifcJhonf/ 'DZifbmv<br />

(20) &uf (0g) ausmif;om;aeYüvnf; wuúodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf a½SUjrufcif;jyifwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh<br />

vufwGJí vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf aoG;ajruscJhaom twGif;0efrsm;½Hk;aygufodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; ,aeYwdkif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; udkvdkeDynma&;pepfatmufwGif tvl;tvdrhftn§Of;yef;cHae&onfudkwdkifwnfNyD;vQif Adkvfatmifausmfvdk<br />

vm;aom 'Drdkua&pDynma&;pHepftwGuf qufvufNyD;wdkufyGJ0ifrnfqdkonfudk ausmif;om;aeYwGif t"d|mefjyKMuonf/<br />

,ckESpfwGif vkyfaqmifrnfh wuo\ t"duvkyfief;pOf (8) &yfwGifyg0ifaom ArmwjynfvHk;½Sd vli,frsm;ESifh<br />

&if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&; vli,fxkpnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ESifh vli,fb0tajctae avhvma&;wdkYtwGuf 1955 ckESpf Edk0ifbm<br />

v (23-24) &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;yaom vli,faygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif wuoonf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf yg0ifcJhNyD;<br />

,aeYcHpm;ae&aom ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;EdkifcJhonf/<br />

xdkYtjyif ,aeYwuúodkvfwGif cHpm;ae&onfh jyóem&yfrsm;udk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;vdkaMumif; wuúodkvft"dywd<br />

0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkxH urf;vSrf;cJh&m vufcHojzifh 24? 1? 56 aeY? nydkif;wGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuaMumif;/ ¤if;aqG;aEG;yGJodkY<br />

wuotrIaqmifrsm; wufa&mufMuum-<br />

(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufay;&ef?<br />

(2) &moufyef ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;jyefoGef;&ef?<br />

(3) 0&rf;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;ESpfOD;ESifh tzrf;cHae&ol wOD; vTwf&ef?<br />

(4) wuopmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiGvSL'gef;&ef?<br />

(5) tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwf xkwfay;&efwdkYudk<br />

aqG;aEG;cJh&m wuopmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiG 2180d^- &½Sdí tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcH wufa&mufa&;<br />

twGuf aqmif½Gufay;rnf/ (3) cguspepf? &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh 0&rf;xkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf pOf;pm;ygOD;<br />

rnf[lí jyefMum;csuf&cJhaMumif;/<br />

¤if;jyifausmif;aqmifrsm;tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhywfoufí ausmif;om;rsm;upDpOf&ef tMuHÓPfay;aqG;aEG;&mwGif-<br />

(u) vmrnfh azazmf0g&DvrSpí ausmif;om;rsm;u pm;a&;aomufa&; ponfwkdYukd pDrHcefYcGJívkyf&ef/ wuorS<br />

{NyDvqef;rS pwifprf;oyf vkyfaqmifygrnf[k wifjycJhonf/ ]tkyfcsKyfa&;pHepfukd ausmif;om;rsm;okdh vJTao;onf<br />

r[kwf}

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(c) tkyfcsKyfpDrHrIpepf? ykHpHpnf;urf;rsm;ukd tjrefqkH;avhvm&ef wuorS avhvmrnfukd wifjycJhonf/<br />

(*) tu,fí ausmif;om;rsm; ukd,fwkdifaqmif½Gufygu ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDokdY vkdtyfaomtcg xkwfay;aeusaiG<br />

ukd ausmif;om;rsm;ukd,fwkdif aqmif½GufonfhtcgwGif yxrESpfvomxkwfay;NyD; usefvrsm;wGif xkwfray;Edkif<br />

awmhaMumif; wifjyonf/ ]wuorS ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDokdh vkdtyfonfUtcg xkwfay;aeusaiGukd qufvuf<br />

xkwfay;&ef wifjyonf}<br />

txufyg 0efBuD;csKyf\ wifjycsufwdkYrSm ausmif;aqmifrsm; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhay;jcif;jzpfonf r[kwfao;[k<br />

,lqojzifh oufqdkif&mrsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;pOf;pm;ygrnf[k jyefvnfwifjycJhaomaMumifh 0efBuD;csKyfu ygarmu©csKyfESifh<br />

wdkifyifn§dEIdif;vkyf&ef ygarmu©csKyfodkY wm0efvTJvdkufaMumif;/<br />

1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (7) &ufaeYu atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í rw&m;ausmif;<br />

xkwfcH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm; tm;vHk;udk zdwfac:í wuotrIaqmifrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;NyD; rdrdwdkY ausmif;jyef<br />

0ifcGifh&½Sdap&ef wuotrIaqmiftcsKdUESifh &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUyg0ifaom ausmif;xkwf<br />

jcif;cH&onfh ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aqmif½GufrIaumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDrSaeí<br />

Zefe0g&Dv (12) &ufaeYwGif toHwdwfqE´jyyGJudk vSnfhvnfjyocJhonf/ &moufyefausmif;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&aom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; vSnfhvSnfqE´jypOf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; 0dkif;0ef;BudKqdkMuonfhtjyif ¤if;wdkYtm; tpm;t<br />

aomufrsm;ESifh {nfhcHauR;arG;cJhonf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13) &uf aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rSm wBudrf toHwdwfqE´jyyGJudk<br />

qufvufjyKvkyfMuonf/ ¤if;aeYrSm &moufyefausmif;xkwfxm;cH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm;\ cHpm;&csufrsm;<br />

udkMunfhí rcsdwifuJjzpfcJh&aom ausmif;om;xkonf &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ESifhtwl wcJeufa

502<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

arvwGif tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf? befa'gif;NrdKUwGif usif;yrnf jzpfaom tmz&du-tm½Sausmif;om;rsm; nDvmcHudk wuf<br />

a&muf&ef vufcHNyD;aemuf &efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? AuotzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkUESifh yl;wGJí trsKd;om;jyifqifa&;w&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ¤if;aumfrwD\em,u<br />

tjzpfudkvnf; EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf wuúodkvft"dywd OD;Ektm; wifajr§muftwnfjyKcJhonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDwGif igwdkY\<br />

wuorS ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmyl;aygif;aqmif½GufEdkifa&;0g'twdkif; 'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;<br />

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um-<br />

1/ owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;? 0g'jzefYcsda&;qyfaumfrwD<br />

2/ {nfhcHBudKqdka&;qyfaumfrwD<br />

3/ tcrf;tem;ESifhae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD<br />

4/ pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwD<br />

5/ b@ma&;aumfrwDponffjzifh aumfrwDrsm;udk zGJUpnf;um tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmif½GufMuonf/ tm;ay;<br />

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igwdkY wuoonf ausmif;om;a&;owfowfudkom awmif;qdkcJhonfr[kwf? q&mrsm;twGufqdkvQif q&mOD;<br />

a&enf;jcif;udk wdk;jr§ifhcefYxm;&efESifh q&mrsm;twGuf vHkavmufaom vpmaiGwdk;jr§ifhay;&efyg awmif;qdkxm;ayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;\ema&;udpöjzpfaom tokbrsm;wGifvnf; wuorSwwfEdkiforQ ulnDaqmif½GufcJhayonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1953 ckESpf ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkwGif wuotaqmuftODtm; qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap opömazmuf<br />

'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh (22) ,ltrfyDwdkY odrf;ydkufxm;pOf wuopmMunfhwdkufonf zsufqD;acsrIef;cHcJh&onfhtavsmuf<br />

xlaxmif&efvkyfief;w&yftjzpf wuoonf pGrf;aqmifcJh&m wuúodkvft"dywd OD;Ek\ tvSL'gejzifh aiG 2180d^-<br />

&½SdcJhNyD;? pmtkyftMurf;rsm;udk 0,f,lodrf;qnf;xm;ygonf/ aEG&moDtwGif; pmMunfhwdkufudk rGrf;rHjyifqifxm;rnf<br />

jzpfayaMumif;? wuo\ &J&ifhaoma

504<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;wifxGef; (ewfarmuf)<br />

(1955-56)<br />

awmifwGif;BuD;c½dkif ewfarmufNrKdUe,f? a½Tyef;awm½Gmü arG;zGm;onf/ 1948-49 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY<br />

a&muf½Sdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1954-55 ckESpfwGif wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumufwifjr§mufjcif;cH&í<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif wuoOuú| jzpfonf/<br />

1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; ta&;awmfyHkESifhywfoufí &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&½SdcJhonf/ a½Smifwdrf;ae&aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (2) OD;tm; vGwfvyfpGm<br />

aexdkifcGifh&apcJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk yxrqHk;tBudrf &efukefwuúodkvfü usif;yonf/ tm½S -<br />

tmz&du ausmif;om;nDvmcHudk tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf befa'gif;NrKdUü usif;y&m jrefrmEdkifiHrS udk,fpm;vS,f (4) OD;<br />

wufa&mufonf/<br />

OD;wifxGef;onf yrnwtzGJUodkY 0ifa&mufí yrnwXmecsKyf pnf;½Hk;a&;Xme twGif;a&;rSL;? jynfolYvli,f<br />

tzGJUcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH) 'k-Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdonf/ Armjynftvkyform;ygwD\ t&HA[dkaumfrwD<br />

wOD;vnf; jzpfonf/

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1955 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (7) &ufrS (9) &ufaehtxd usif;ycJUaom &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\<br />

(25) ESpfajrmuf a½T&wkobif ydkpwm<br />

Source: KAT's Original Cppy<br />

atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;<br />

twGuf<br />

0&rf;xkwfcH&aom udkvS0if;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;<br />

twGuf<br />

0&rf;xkwfcH&aom udkbaumif;<br />

505

506<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (19)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1956 rS 1957)<br />

(u) wwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJ<br />

wwd,tBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk rEÅav;wuúodkvf? abm*aA'cef;raqmifwGif<br />

1957 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (19) &ufaeYrS (21) &ufaeYtxdusif;ycJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)?<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (rwuo)? armfvNrKdifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (rwuo)? &efukef<br />

aq;odyÜH<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;aq;odyÜH<strong>or*¾</strong>? pdkufysKd;a&;r[mXme<strong>or*¾</strong>? xD;wef;aumvdyf? &efuif;aumvdyfwdkYrS udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;? &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;? &JacgiftzGJU? rEÅav;wuúodkvf 'Dtufpftdkponhf toif;t<br />

zGJUaygif; (43) zGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,f (82) OD;ESifh avhvmolaygif; (48) OD; wufa&mufonf/ ,if;aqG;aEG;yGJrS ausmif;<br />

om;jyóem tMurf;rzufbJ at;csrf;pGmawGUqHkajz½Sif;Edkif&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&odkY yefMum;vTmwapmifESifh 'kwd,tBudrf<br />

ajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yefMum;vTmudk xrfrHtwnfjyKonf/<br />

(c) 1956-57 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

1/ podef;[ef Ouú|<br />

2/ udkausmfjrifh 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ rjrjr aiGxdef;<br />

4/ udkpdk;odef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

5/ udktuf'DxGef; wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;rSL;<br />

6/ udkpGefwdwf ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

7/ udkcspfodef;OD; upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (aemif pma&;q&mpDwDtdk)<br />

8/ udkvSaz EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL; (aemif OD;wifhaZmf)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

9/ apmodk;rm; vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

10/ udkatmifoef; tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

11/ udk0if;wif yd#uwfwdkufrSL;<br />

(*) rNyD;jywfao;aom oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfwdkufyGJ<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;ay;&ef wuotrIaqmifwdkYu tbufbufu enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh awmif;qdk<br />

wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;udk tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;uvnf; awmif;qdkcJhonf/ wuorS<br />

OD;aqmifí ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;ESifh ausmif;om;&JacgiftzGJYtpnf;rsm; pnf;vHk;pGm tpmiwfcHqE´jycJhMuonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYu tavQmhray;bJ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk qufvufusifhoHk;cJhonf/ wuo<br />

enf;AsL[monf ¤if;udpöESifh ywfoufí tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh rsufESmpHknDpGm awGUqHkí Nidrf;csrf;pGmaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;a&;yifjzpf<br />

onf/ ¤if;udpöudk wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif;omru ygvDrefvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;rsm;wGif 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh twdkuf<br />

tcHrsm; tajctwifajymqdkí rJcGJqHk;jzwf&onftxd jzpfvmonf/ 1955 ck? pufwifbmv (22) &ufaeY ygvDrefvTwf<br />

awmf tpnf;ta0;wGif ynma&;0efBuD;OD;xGef;wifu ynma&;toHk;p&dwf awmif;qdk&mü twdkuftcHtrwf OD;wifa½Tu<br />

]ausmif;om;avmuwGif wapäBuD;waumifonf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ajcmufvSefhaeygonf} [k ed'gef;ysKd;NyD; (3) cg<br />

usausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaqG;aEG;&mü twdkuftcHtrwfrsm;jzpfaom AdkvfpdefxGef;? OD;vSxGef;jzLESifh Adkvfatmifpdk;<br />

wdkYu OD;wifa½Tudk axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u (3) cguspepfjzifh ausmif;om;OD;a& enf;atmif<br />

ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhcsjcif;jzifh vkyfaejcif;udk &yfqdkif;NyD; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fNyD;? jynfwGif;ppfudk<br />

aphpyfaqG;aEG;yGJjzifh &yfpJNyD; umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhayghum pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&; tusyftwnf; vGwfajrmufrI<br />

½SmazG&ef jzpfonf/ wuo\ (3) cgus pepfESifh jynfwGif;ppf qufEG,fí oabmxm;yHkrSm zqyvtpdk;&tay:<br />

twdkuftcHaygif;pHk\ ½IjrifyHkESifh wxyfwnf; jzpfonf/<br />

odkYaomfvnf; 1953 ckESpf? pufbmv (23) &ufaeY qD;edwftpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;wGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwf<br />

pepfusifhoHk;&ef xyfrHwifoGif; qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ 1951 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeY qD;edwfu qHk;jzwfcJhaom<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuf jzpfonf/ ,if; 1951 ckESpfu 'k-t"dywd OD;at;armifOD;pD;NyD; aumifpDrS twnfjyKjyXmef;ay;cJhonf/<br />

,if;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYu usif;yaom aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyK<br />

ay;cJhojzifh 1954 ckESpf? ZGefv (15) &ufaeYwGifwBudrf? Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufaeYwGifwBudrf? (2) Budrfwdkifwdkif (3)<br />

cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk twnfjyKcJhaMumif; &efukefwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmifu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í<br />

xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfESifUaumvdyfausmif;aygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yJGcef;raqmifa½SYwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm; pk½Hk;aepOf (rEåav;)<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

507

508<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(C) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;zsufodrf;&efESifh ywfoufaom ynma&;0efBuD;Xme\trdefhjyefwrf;<br />

1/ EdkifiHawmf\ausmif;trsKd;rsKd;wGif uGefjrLepfaomif;usef;olrsm;ESifh qufoG,folrsm;\ ya,m*aMumifh<br />

rMumrDu ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk tBuD;tus,f csKd;azmufzsufqD;rIrsm; ay:aygufcJhayonf/<br />

2/ ,if;uJhodkY ausmif;pnf;urf; zsufqD;csKd;azguf&mü q&m^rrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? &mZ0wftjypf'Pf<br />

xdkufoifhonfh tEdkiftxufjyKusifhrI? ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tm; ausmif;pnf;urf;csKd;zsufap&ef ausmif;wGif;ausmif;<br />

jyif t"r®enf;jzifh tEdkiftxuf Ncdrf;ajcmufapcdkif;rI/ ausmif;rsm;wGif pmoifysufuGufatmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh<br />

taESmifht,Sufay;rI tp½Sdaom tvGefrESpfNrKdUzG,fjzpfonfh tMurf;zufrIrsm;ukd ausmif;om;oli,ftcsKdUu jyKrl<br />

aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

3/ txufyg w&m;rJhrIrsm;ukd rnfonfhenf;ESifhrqkd wm;qD;ydwfyif&ef EkdifiHawmftpkd;&u qkH;jzwfNyD;jzpfojzifh<br />

EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;u OD;pD;ízGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;aumifpDrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;tzGJU<br />

rsm;rSty pifNydKiftzGJUtpnf;rsKd; oabmoufa&mufonfh? okdYwnf;r[kwf ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd xdckdufcsKd;azmufap<br />

Ekdifonf[k ,lqEkdifonhf? okdYwnf;r[kwf ausmif;om;vli,frsm; tcsif;csif; y#dyu©jzpfapEkdifonf[k ,lqEkdifonfh<br />

rnfonfU ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> toif;tzGJYrsKd;ukdrQ EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif zGJYpnf;cGifUrjyK&/ tb,folrqkd trdefYxkwf<br />

jyefonfhtcsdefü ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mBuD;OD;pD;í zGJUpnf;aomausmif;aumifpDrSwyg; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

toif;tzGJU tp½SdonfhtzGJUrsKd;rsm;ukd EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif zGJUpnf;NyD;½SdaecJhvQif ,cktrdefY&onfh aeYrSpí<br />

&ufaygif; (30) twGif; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? toif;tzGJU tp½Sdonfrsm;ukd ausmif;q&mBuD;u trdefYxkwfqifh<br />

zsufodrf;ap&rnf/<br />

4/ trdefYESihftnD EkdifiHawmfausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;u aqmif½Gufonfukd aESmifh,Suf? okdYwnf;r[kwf zsufqD;?<br />

okdYwnf;r[kwf remcH? okdYwnf;r[kwf ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd zsufqD;aeol ausmif;om;rsm;ukd q&mBuD;u tjypfukd<br />

vkdufí ausmif;rS &moufyefxkwfy,fonftxd ta&;,l tjypfay;Ekdifonf/ þuJhokdY ta&;,ljcif;rsKd;ukd tu,fí<br />

ckcHawmfvSefaomtm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;uaomfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;olrsm;uaomfvnf;aumif; wpkHw&m jyKrl<br />

cJhvQif xkdtjyKtrlaMumifh ausmif;ukdqufvufzGifhvSpfí Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;&ef roifh[k ausmif;q&mBuD;<br />

u ,lqcJhaomf ausmif;ukd&uftuefYtowfjzifh jzpfap? &uftuefYtowfr½SdbJ jzpfap ydwfxm;Ekdifonf/ ynma&;<br />

Xmet&m½Sdrsm;onf xkdudpöukd atmifjrifpGmaqmif½GufEkdifa&;twGuf ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vkdtyfonfh tultnD<br />

rsm; ay;Mu&rnf/<br />

5/ txufygtrdefYt& ta&;,laqmif½GufrIrsm;ukd rnfolrqkd qlylaomif;usef;onfh enf;jzifh? okdYwnf;r[kwf<br />

t"r®enf;jzifh aESmufh,SufzsufqD;cJhvQif ausmif;q&mBuD;onf e,ftkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½Sdrsm; (okdYr[kwf) &Jt&m½Sdrsm;<br />

okdY taMumif;Mum;í tultnDukd&,lvsuf tajctaeukd Ekdifeif;pGmxdef;odrf;&rnf/<br />

(i) 1956 atmufwkdbmv (16) &ufaeY n (8) em&D ArmhtoHrS 'k-0efBuD;csKyfocifwif\<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;ESifhywfoufaomrdefhcGef;<br />

ausmif;om;oli,frsm;&JU ta&;eJYywfoufNyD; jynfolvlxktm; tpkd;&ukd,fpm; uRefawmf tpD&ifcHvkdygw,f/<br />

1948 vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;onfaemuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&JU *kPfodu©meJY tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;rItwGuf<br />

tpdk;&[m jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; b0opfzefwD;a&;twGuf vkyfief;trsKd;rsKd;udk aqmif½GufcJhygw,f/ ¤if;vkyfief;<br />

rsm;teuf jynfaxmifpk&JU tñGefYtzl;rsm;jzpfwJh ausmif;om;oli,frsm;udk vlawmfvlaumif;rsm; jzpfvma&;twGuf<br />

tpdk;&u txl;ta&;ay;NyD; aqmif½GufaewmvdkY uRefawmfxGifNyD; tpD&ifcH&ef vdkr,frxifygbl;/<br />

tpdk;&u ausmif;om;oli,frsm;udk aemifwacwfrSm jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&JU wm0efudk xrf;aqmifEdkifMurJh<br />

om;aumif;&wem jzpfay:vma&;twGuf b0opfzefwD;rIynma&;pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJNyD; 1952 ckrS pwifí aqmif½Guf<br />

aewmudkvnf; jynfolvlxku rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpfygw,f/<br />

b0opfzefwD;rIynma&;pDrHudef;t& tpdk;&u ½kyfvHk;azmfaewJUvkyfief;rsm;uawmU-<br />

1/ jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ ta&;? tzwf? twGuf em;vnfolrsm; jzpfvmap&ef?<br />

2/ pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm; uRrf;usifpGmaqmif½Gufay;Edkifr,fh jynfaxmifpkom;rsm; tvHktavmuf ay:xGuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

vmap&ef?<br />

3/ jynfaxmifpk&JU wm0eftoD;oD;udk uRrf;usifvHkavmufpGm xrf;aqmifEdkifr,fh t&nftcsif;jynfh0olrsm;<br />

jzpfvmap&ef?<br />

4/ jynfaxmifpktwGif; Avig;wefeJY jynfpHkr,fh jynfaxmifpkom;rsm; aygrsm;vmap&ef?<br />

5/ jynfaxmifpktwGif; 'Drdkua&pD0g' wnfwHhcdkifjrJ&efwdkY jzpfygw,f/<br />

aemufwcsufuawmh jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ ynmoifMum;a&;rSm tcGifhta&;wef;wl½Sdap&ef twGuf<br />

rlvwef;rSwuúodkvftxd tcrJhynmoifMum;ay;wJhpepfudk tpdk;&u wDxGifcJhygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&; &½SdNyD;csdefrSpNyD;<br />

,cktcsdefxd (8) ESpfcefYtwGif; rlvwef;ausmif;aygif; (10226)? tv,fwef;ausmif;aygif; (415)? txufwef;<br />

ausmif;aygif; (220)? q&mtwwfoifausmif; (6) ausmif;? pufrIvufrIodyÜHausmif; (3) ausmif;? pdkufysKd;a&;odyÜH<br />

ausmif; (1) ausmif;? pdkufysKd;a&; txufwef;ausmif; (1) ausmif;? wuúodkvfausmif; (1) ausmif;? tjcm;aumvdyf<br />

ausmif; (8) ausmif;wdkYudk zGifhvSpf oifMum;ydkYcs aeygw,f/ ,ckuRefawmf tusOf;rQtpD&ifcHcJhwJh aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk<br />

axmuf½Ijcif;tm;jzifh ynma&;bufrSm tpdk;&uxm;½SdwJh apwem[m b,favmufBuD;rm;w,f qdkwm ay:vGifxif½Sm;<br />

aeygw,f/<br />

aemufwcsuf rlvwef;upNyD; txufwef;ausmif;awGrSm ynm&nfEdkYaomufpdkYaeMuwJh ausmif;om;oli,f<br />

rsm;rSm touft½G,ftm;jzifh i,f½G,fEke,folrsm;jzpfwJhtwGuf aemifwacwfrSm vlawmfvlaumif;rsm; jzpfvmap½Hkru<br />

EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya't& 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh jynfaxmifpkBuD;udk uRrf;usifpGm tkyfcsKyfxdef;odrf;Edkifolrsm;<br />

jzpfvmapa&;twGuf txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;rSm q&meJYwynfh yl;aygif;aqmif½GufwJh<br />

ausmif;aumifpDrsm; zGJUpnf;aewJhtjyif ausmif;om;vli,frsm;&JU touft½G,f? ynmt&nftcsif;? A[kokw tqifht<br />

wef;tvdkuf pmawGUvufawGU jyKpkarG;jrL avhusifhoifMum; ydkYcsrIrsm;udkvnf; aqmif½Gufaeygw,f/<br />

tpdk;&[m ausmif;om;oli,frsm;twGuf 'DrQavmuf arQmfvifhjcif;BuD;rm;pGm *½kpdkufNyD; aqmif½Gufaewmudk<br />

uGefjrLepfaomif;usef;olrsm;eJY ¤if;wdkY&JU tay;t,ltquftoG,f jyKvkyfaeMuwJh EdkifiHawmfopömazguftcsKdUwdkYu<br />

]wjynfvHk;aocsifaoygap uGefjrLepfawGrmvQifNyD;a&m} qdkwJh ¤if;wdkY&JU0g'vkyfief;pOftwdkif; ,ckwavmrSm EdkifiHawmf<br />

ausmif;tcsKdU½Sd ausmif;om;oli,ftcsKdUudk jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmif ajr§mufyifhay;jcif;tm;jzifh ausmif;pnf;urf;udktBuD;<br />

tus,f qlylcsKd;azmufzsufqD;apw,f/ aemufqHk;rSm pmoifMum;a&;avmuwckvHk; NydKysufapNyD; EdkifiHawmf&JU Nidrf0yf<br />

ydjym;a&;udkyg Ncdrf;ajcmuf&ef BudK;yrf;rIrsm;[m xif½Sm;pGm ay:xGufvmcJhygw,f/<br />

jynfaxmifpk ynma&;avmu&JUtajctaerSm ,ckuRefawmfwdkY ajymqdkaecJhwJhtwdkif; qdk;0g;pjyKvmwJhtwGuf<br />

jrifhjrwfwJhvkyfief;rsm;udk wm0ef,lNyD;aqmif½GufaeMuwJh q&m^q&mrrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? ynmudkat;csrf;pGm<br />

qnf;yl;vdkMuwJh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY&JUom;i,forD;i,frsm;udk ynmwwfapvdkwJh rdb<br />

tkyfxdef;olrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? w&m;Oya'twGif;rSm vGwfvyfpGm ynmoifMum;cGifh½SdwJh jynfolvlxktm; vnf;<br />

aumif;? tpdk;&u tpGrf;ukefumuG,frIay;&ef oHEéd|mefcsxm;NyD; jzpfygw,f/<br />

'gaMumifh EdkifiHawmfausmif;rSm pnf;urf;ao0yfpGmeJY at;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;jcif;udk aESmifh,Suf (odkYr[kwf)<br />

taESmifht,SufjzpfaprJh tjyKtrI[lorQudk xda&mufpGmta&;,lNyD; tjypfay;ap&ef? ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;eJY ynma&;<br />

Xme t&m½Sdrsm;&JU ta&;,laqmif½GufrIrsm;udk tMurf;zufenf;eJY? odkYwnf;r[kwf t"r®enf;eJY aESmuf,SufzsufqD;cJh&if<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½Sdrsm;eJY &Jt&m½Sdrsm;&JU tultnDudk&,lNyD; aqmif½Gufap&efudkvnf; tpdk;&u ñGefMum;csufrsm;ay;NyD;<br />

tpDpOfrsm; jyKvkyfaeaMumif;udkvnf; jynfolvlxktm; uRefawmfxyfavmif;NyD; tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/<br />

,ckudpöudk uRefawmfwdkYjywfom;pGm wm;qD;jcif;rjyKEdkifvQif jynfaxmifpkBuD;wckvHk;rSm pnf;rJhurf;rJh? Oya'rJh<br />

jyKvkyfjcif;rsm; vTrf;rdk;vmNyD; EdkifiHawmfBuD;wckvHk; NydKuGJysufpD;oGm;apEdkifygw,f/ tpdk;&Oya't& tMurf;enf;udk<br />

toHk;jyKwJh tajctaetxd qdk;0g;vmjcif;rsKd;udk vHk;0vdkvm;jcif;r½Sdayr,fh tajctaeudk Edkifeif;pGmxdef;odrf;Edkifa&;<br />

twGuf vdktyfwJhaqmif½GufrIrsm;udk jyKvkyf&ygvdrfhr,f/ wu,fvdkY tpdk;&u rvTJra½SmifwJhtwGuf wm0efudkxrf;½GufcJh&<br />

&if uGefjrLepfaomif;usefolrsm;eJY ¤if;wdkY&JU ajray:'vefrsm;[m ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&u &ufpufMurf;MuKwfpGm<br />

jyKrlaeNyD;vdkY [pfatmfa

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xm;&ef jzpfygw,f/<br />

'gaMumifh aomif;usefoluGefjrLepfrsm;eJY ¤if;wdkY&JUtaygif;tygrsm;jzpfwJh EdkifiHawmfopömazmufwdkY&JU ,kwfrm<br />

qdk;oGrf;wJh tMuHtpnfudkacsrIef;zsufqD;NyD; jynfaxmifpk&JUom;aumif;orD;aumif;rsm;jzpfMuwJh ausmif;om;oli,frsm;<br />

at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf tpdk;&tm; ausmif;om;? rdb? tkyfxdef;olrsm;u vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmf\<br />

pwkw¬r@dKifBuD;jzpfaom owif;pmq&mrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkBuD;udk opöm½SdMuukefaom jynfaxmifpkom;<br />

rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? tbufbufrS yl;aygif;aqmif½GufMu&ef arwåm&yfcH yefMum;vdkufygw,f/<br />

(c) ausmif;om;rsm;0efcH*wdvTmyHkpH<br />

atmufü vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;ol uRefawmf - - - - - - - - - - - - - onf twdtvif;uwday;0efcHonfrSm-<br />

1/ uRefawmfonf wuúodkvf\ enf;Oya'ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk ½dkaoygr,f/ ¤if;tjyif wuúodkvfausmif;<br />

aqmifü aecJhvQif wuúodkvfausmif;aqmif\ enf;Oya'ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk vdkufemygrnf/<br />

2/ uRefawmfonf wuúodkvfESifh zDvmqefYusifaom rnfonfhvkyfief;&yfrsKd;wGifrS yg0ifjcif;rjyKyg/<br />

3/ uRefawmfonf txufyguwd0efcHcsuf w&yf&yfwdkYudkazmufzsufusL;vGefvQif wuúodkvfrSxkwfy,fjcif;<br />

cH&rnfudk odygonf/<br />

1/ ausmif;om;\xdk;jrJvufrSwf ---------<br />

2/ ausmif;om;\trnf ------------------------------<br />

3/ udk,fydkifeHygwfESifh oifwef; ----^-----<br />

4/ ausmif;aqmiftrnfESifh tcef;trSwf -----------------------<br />

5/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol\trnf -----------------------xyfqifUvufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef<br />

1/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;olxdk;jrJvufrSwf ---------<br />

2/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol\ trnf -----------------------<br />

3/ vdyfpm -------------------------------------------<br />

4/ &ufpGJ ---------<br />

(q) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0a&;cJhaomaqmif;yg;<br />

ausmif;om;0wÅ&m;<br />

t*Fvdyfpma&;q&mBuD; ½SdwfpyD;,m;u urÇmhtvHk;pHkonf ZmwfcHkrQomwnf;[k rdefY>rufbl;\/ xdkurÇmhZmwfcHkwGif<br />

vltrsKd;rsKd;? t½G,ftrsKd;rsKd;? twef;tpm;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYonf udk,fhtcPf;udkudk,fudkifí ZmwfEdkifatmif cif;oGm;&avonf/<br />

odkYjzpf&m vlwdkif;vlwdkif;rSm odMum;wwfaom tcsdeft½G,frSpí aoonfxdatmif rdrd\ tvkyf0wå&m;tjzpf½Sd\/ xdk<br />

0wå&m;udk aMu>yefrSomvQif avmuü vljzpfusKd;eyfayrnf/ urÇm\aemifacwf tarGcHjzpfMuaom uRefawmfwdkYausmif;<br />

om;wdkYrSmvnf; txl;ojzifh touf (16) ESpf (17) ESpfrSpí txufodkY½Sdaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf;? tqdkyg0wå&m;<br />

Oya'rS ruif;vGwfMuacs/ ,if;odkYjzpfvQif-ausmif;om;\0wå&m;onf tb,fenf;/<br />

tjrifus,fus,f? Munfhavh½SdaomolwdkYonf ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm wef;pmusufí pmar;yGJatmif½HkrQ[laom trsm;<br />

t,ltq\wdrfjcif;tjzpfudk od½SdMuavNyD/ xdkt,ltqum; acwfatmufusonfh t,lrQom jzpfayonf/<br />

ynma&;udkuRrf;usifaom urÇmhynm½SdwdkYonf avmua&;? "r®a&;jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYudk pdppfa0befajz½Sif;wwfaom<br />

ynmrS pmtkyfpmayudktHí&aom trSwfonmESpf&yfudk cGJjcm;íxm;avonf/ pmar;yGJudkatmifjrifolonf avmu<br />

ppfyGJwGifvnf; atmifjrifEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;½Sdonf[k rkcsqwfqwf rqdkomacs/ þodkYvQif pmar;yGJtaMumif;oepfudk<br />

azmfxkwfMu\/ An Examination of Examination pmar;yGJrsm;\ tusKd;tjypf ppfaq;csufqdkaom pmtkyfwGif<br />

þtcsufudk ½Sif;vif;jyo xm;ay\/ pmar;yGJwck\ tajzpm½Gufrsm;udk pmppfoltrsKd;rsKd;tm;-ppfaq;p&m tajzwck<br />

wnf;udkyif trSwfay;yHkjcif; rwlnDonfudk awGY&ayonf/ wbef-pmppfolwOD;wnf; ¤if;wESpfcefYu zsufcJhaomtajzudk<br />

aemufxyf ppfaq;onfhtcg yxrtrSwfay;yHkESifh aemufwcgtrSwfay;yHkjcif;rSm uGmjcm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/ urÇm<br />

ausmf-jyZmwfa&;q&m bm;emwfa½Smuvnf; w&Ha&mtcgu twef;xJwGif xdyfusaom ausmif;om;onf avmuwGif<br />

atmufqkH;xpf a&mufwwfonf[k rdefYqdkcJhbl;onf/<br />

þwGif urÇmausmfpma&;q&m\ ta&;tom;udk ¤if;a&;om;ojzifh ,HkMunf&rnf[k rqdkvdk? odkY&mwGif ¤if;um;<br />

rSwfcsuf- jr[ef - AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\pmayvuf&m - pm- 83-88 (y^98) ESifh wdkufqdkifppfaq;í rl&if;pm;omtwdkif; azmfjyonf/<br />

510

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

taMumif;rJh ra&;om;&m/ ,if;odkYjzpf&jcif;um; uREfkyfwdkYonf urÇmh&mZ0ifwGif om"utaxmuftxm;rsm;udk Munfhrnf<br />

qdkvQif urÇmhxdyfwef; usa&mufaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf pmar;yGJrsm;wGif xdyfwef;usolcsnf; r[kwfay/ Oyrm tenf;i,f<br />

xkwfjy&aomf ,ckacwf urÇmYxdyfwef;orm;rsm;wGif? [pfwvmESifh rwfqdkvdkeDwdkYonf ausmif;rSyif aumif;pGmraecJhMu<br />

&ay/ r[wår*E´Donfvnf; aumvdyfausmif;wGif a&mufzl;½kHkrQom½Sdí? ausmif;om;tjzpf aepOftcgu xl;xl;cRefcRef<br />

r½Sday/ yef'pf*s0g[vmae½l;onfvnf;? t*Fvefjynf½Sd emrnfausmfausmif;ESifh wuúodkvfwdkYrS atmifjrifcJhvifhupm;<br />

ausmif;om;tjzpfjzifh rsm;pGmrxl;cRefvS/ bD-at*kPfxl;wef;wGif 'kwdwef;rQom&avonf/ odkY&mwGifxdktcgu ¤if;<br />

txuf-yxr &cJhaomolwOD;rSm? &efukefwGif ygarmu©wOD;tjzpf ¤if;uJhodkY ausmfMum;jcif; r½Sday/ t*Fvdyfpma&;q&m<br />

BuD;rsm;jzpfaom *dk;vfprpf? qm0gvwmpaumh-paom yk*¾dKvfwdkYrSmvnf; ausmif;aepOfu xl;cRefjcif;r½Sd? qm0gv<br />

wmpaumhrSmrl? vlYiEGm;[kyif-q&m\tac:cH&avonf/ þum;? O'g[½kPfudk tusOf;rQ o½kyfay:atmifjyKvdkufjcif;<br />

aywnf;/ þodkYjzpf&jcif;\ taMumif;udkppfvQif? vlwOD;wa,muf\ wefzdk;udk rnfrQ½Sdonf[k csdefq&ef wxpfcsowf<br />

rSwfxm;aomenf; r½SdaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/<br />

pifppfaomfum; ausmif;wGifwcgrQraezl;í pmwpfvHk;rQ roifbl;olyif ynm½SdjzpfEdkif\/ þum; jzpfEdkifonfh<br />

taMumif;udk tvGefqdkjcif; jzpfayonf/ ,ckurÇmay:rSm½Sdonfh pmtkyftm;vHk;onf t&if;ppfvQif avmu\taMumif;udk<br />

trsKd;rsKd;rSwfom;csufrsm;om jzpfayonf/ xdkrSwfom;csufrsm;udk a&;olrsm;\ tmabmf? ¤if;wdkYa&;&ma'o? a&;onfh<br />

tcsdefumv ponfwdkYudkMunfhí? a0befNyD;vQif? avmutvkyf0wå&m;wGif oHk;pGJwwfrSom pmwwftrSefjzpfayonf/<br />

tu,fí pmrwwfolonf? avmutrSwftom; aumif;rGefí ae&mcswwfvQif pmwwfae&efrvdkacs/ xdkaMumifhyifrwfqdkvdkeDu<br />

¤if;tw¬KyÜwdåwGif uREfkyfbwfcJUaom tBuD;qHk;aompmtkyfum;? uREfkyfaecJU aeqJaom avmuBuD;yifwnf;[k<br />

a&;xm;\/ xdkuJhodkY pmtkyfpmayrS ausmfvGefaomynmudk? tb,fodkY&tHhenf;/<br />

xdkynmppfudk&&ef vGwfvyfpGm awG;awmajymqdk aqG;aEG;vkyfudkifvdkaom pdwf"gwfudk arG;&efvdk\/ þtcsufudk<br />

ynma&; uRrf;usifol yk*¾dKvfrsm;u (Academic Freedom) ynmoifMum;a&; vGwfvyfcGifh[k ac:Muonf/ þtcsufum;?<br />

urÇmh&mZ0ifudk-wrsKd;wrnf ajymif;vJGaponfh &DaeqefYESifh &Dazmifar;½Sif;ac: acwfopf0g'? avmu"gwfynm jyefYyGm;&m<br />

taMumif;&if;wnf;/ þtcsufum;-uREfkyfwdkY\ a*gwrbk&m;ocif? a[mMum;aom umvmrokwåef oabmt&yifwnf;/<br />

xdkvGwfvyfpGmawG;awmajymqdk aqG;aEG;vkyfudkifvdkaom pdwf½Sd&rnfqdk&mwGif/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdxif&m awG;awm<br />

ajymqdk vkyfudkifjcif;r[kwfay/ avmu½Sd vltaygif;wdkYonf a&wGif;xJ½Sdbm;oli,fuJhodkYaeí rjzpfay/ wOD;ESifhwOD;<br />

ul;vl;qufqH& avonf/ ,ckacwftcgwGif? þodkY ul;vl; qufqHjcif;rSm? ydkrdkíyif e,fus,fvmavonf/ ,cktwdkif;wdkif;<br />

tjynfjynf MuHKawGUae&aom ½Sm;yg;a&;acwfonf xdkOya'udk vGefqefí udk,fhbuf? udk,fhoabmudkom<br />

jrifaom? 0g'aMumifhjzpfaom urÇmhppfBuD;\yJhwifoH jzpfayonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&m vlwdkif;vlwdkif; wOD;ESifhwOD; taygif;<br />

toif;<strong>or*¾</strong>½SdrSom trsKd;rsKd;aom t,ltq trSwftom;wdkYudk awGUjrifod½Sd&í? ydkrdktjrifus,fvmEdkifavonf/ odkYtjrifus,frS<br />

wOD;udkwOD; emcHwwfjcif;-apmifrulnDwwfjcif;? tajymtqdk taetxdkif jyKjyifvmjcif;? pojzifhavmuvlvkyfwwfonfh<br />

t&nftcsif;rsm; &Edkifavonf/<br />

xdkaMumifh? xdkodkYul;vl;qufqH tjrifoefatmif? ausmif;rsm;? wuúodkvfrsm;wGif? ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;xm;jcif;?<br />

toif;tyif;rsm; axmifjcif; ponfwdkY jyKMu&avonf/ odkY&mwGif taygif;toif;<strong>or*¾</strong>twGuf jyKvkyf&mwGif vGwfvyfpGm<br />

rajym& rqdk& raqG;aEG;&vQif? rsufpdydwfxm;onfESifh wljyefonf/ odkYjzpf&m (2) buf (2) csufpHkrSom ynma&;tppfrnf<br />

avonf/<br />

wbef ,aeY jzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf eufjzefjynfBuD;om;rsm; jzpfMu\[k? qdk½dk;pum; ½Sd\/ odkYjzpf&m?<br />

jynfBuD;om;wdkY\ t*Fgvu©PmwdkYESifhnDatmif tkyfcsKyfenf;? rdrdtcGifhta&;twGuf wdkufcdkufenf;? pum;ajymenf;?<br />

pnf;urf;ao0yfenf;? udk,fvuf usef;rma&; ponfjzifh enf;rsKd;pHkatmif toiff;tyifrsm;? &Jwyfrsm;? upm;enf;rsm;<br />

udk xGifMu&\/ xdkrQru? ,cktcg wEdkifiHESifh wEdkifiHrSm cGJpyfí rjzpfEdkif/ w½kwfjynf? pydefjynf? ygvufpwdkif;jynfwGif<br />

tjzpftysufrsm;onf? þwdkif;jynfudk vnf;aumif;? urÇmh,Ofaus;jcif;udk vnf;aumif;? vlowå0gwdkYtm; vnf;aumif;<br />

rnfodkYrnfyHk xdcdkufrnf[k odEdkifatmif urÇmhtajctaeudkvnf;? rdrd&&od&efvdk\/ þonfwdkYum; tMurf;rQ ausmif;<br />

om;wdkY jyKvkyf&rnfh 0wå&m;rsm; jzpfMu\/ xdkYaMumifh-urÇm½Sdausmif;om;taygif;wdkYonf vIyfvIyf½G½Gjzpfí? ppfruf<br />

wm;jrpfa&;? tvkyfvufrJhyaysmufa&; taMumif;pepfudk ½SmazGaeMu\/ tajctxl;rvSaom pydefjynfESifh w½kwfjynfwdkY<br />

wGif ausmif;om;wdkYrSm udk,fxdvufa&muf wdkufcdkufaeMu&\/ xdkaMumifh tcsdefESifh tcgtavsmufvnf;? ausmif;om;<br />

\ 0wå&m;vnf; uGJvm\/ þjyqdkcJhNyD;aom ausmif;om;0wÅ&m; tm;vHk;udk odjrifonfESifhtnD aemifacwfArmjynfudk<br />

zefwD;rnfh ausmif;om;rsm;onf? ,ckvlrsm;uJhodkY rnDrñGwf? rvkyfwwf? rudkifwwf rjzpf&atmif? uREkfyfwdkYonf,cktcg<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m-ausmif;om;rsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>toif;BuD;udk txift½Sm; wnfaxmifxm;\/ xdktoif;udk 0ifa&muf tm;ay;&efrSm<br />

ausmif;om;wdkif; wdkif;jynfcspfpdwf½Sdaom olwdkif;wdkY\ wm0ef0wå&m;yifwnf;/<br />

atmifqef;<br />

511

512<br />

(Z) 1956-57 tdk;a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aoG;pnf;Mupdkh<br />

eDarmif;armif;vQif<br />

cGyfa'gif;atmifvH? av0,fysHwnfh/ /<br />

twdwfZmwfaMumif;? ordkif;a[mif;udk<br />

jyefajymif;avhvm? qef;ppfygu<br />

nDnmzszs? pnf;vHk;Mu\/<br />

qE´rSefvQif? wdkufyGJqifí<br />

eDvGifaomaoG;? ajrrSmajy;vnf;<br />

a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aqG;ajraoG;yGuf? tHxGufcJh&<br />

'dkU'ku©csnf;? rIdif;ysyifv,f<br />

*,ufES,fwnfh/ /<br />

þor,wGif? uREfkyfjrifonf<br />

rdcifa'gif;vS? ajcudk

514<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>zsufodrf;a&;udpöeJY ywfoufNyD; tpdk;&\aMunmcsufudk wuúodkvf0ef;usifü Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh<br />

wuowdkY yl;aygif;í BuD;us,fpGm qE´jyyGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>zGJY cGifU rydwfeJh? rydwfeJh<br />

csKyfcs,frIOya'awG ½kyfodrf;ypf? ½kyfodrf;ypf<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awGudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu? xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu<br />

þodkY yJhwifoHrsm; jrnf[D;odrfhodrfh wkefcref;aom wcJeufa

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

qkH;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

aemufqkH; wuo aiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf;ukd twnfjyKa&;twGuf rJcGJ&m (761) rJ? (540) rJ twnfjzpfonf/<br />

¤if;tpnf;ta0;u twnfjyKaomtqkdrsm;rSm-<br />

(1) trsKd;om;ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrI aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yftm; EkdifiHawmftpkd;&rS OD;pD;usif;y&ef?<br />

(2) oHk;cguspepf y,fzsufay;&ef?<br />

(3) atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwf&ef?<br />

(4) atmufwdkbm aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif us½IH;olrsm;tm; wcgus rowfrSwfa&;? 0dZÆmwef;pmar;yGJwGif<br />

ar;vGef;vTm (1) ESifh (2) tm; waeYxJ (2) Budrf rppfaq;a&;ESifh t&pfuspepfa[mif;jzifh ajzqdkolrsm;tm;<br />

atmufwdkbm aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif 0ifa&mufajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

(5) &efukefwuúodkvfwGif owif;pmq&m twwfoifoifwef;ydkYcsay;&ef arwåm&yfcHaMumif;wdkY jzpfonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhpyfvsOf;í udpöwckcktwGuf a½G;cs,fcefYtyfxm;aomaumfrwDudk cefYtyf&eftqdkudk &Jacgifudkzkef;jrifh<br />

u wifoGif;&m xdktqdkrSm wuopnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (12)? tydk'f (6)? tydk'fi,f (6) t& aiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf;udk<br />

uefYuGufpOf ½HI;edrfhoGm;aomtqdkESifh eD;pyfí xdktqdkrsm;udk ,ckrSaemuf (6) vrSmrS wifoGif;cGifh½Sdonfqdkum wuo<br />

Ouú|u y,fcsvdkufavonf/ xYdkaemuf wuotpnf;ta0;udk ]wuownfjrJygap} [k a

516<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wyfOD;tm; (6) v oydwfarSmufonf qdkjcif;rSmvnf; bmrQ roufqdkifonfh wyfOD;tm; rw&m;oufouf qHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfygonf/<br />

wyfOD;onf owif;axmufrsm;tay:ü apwemaumif;xm;vsuf oabmxm; rSefuefcJhygonf/ 1955<br />

ckESpf bGJUESif;obifwGif owif;axmufrsm;tm; "gwfykHr½dkuf&[k wm;jrpfonfudk wuou 0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmcJh<br />

zl;yg\/ xdkaMujimcsufukd wyfOD;u axmufcHcJhonf/<br />

xdkuJhodkY wyfOD;ESifh owif;axmufrsm; apwemoefY½Sif;pGm qufqHonfudk wyfOD;0ifr[kwfonfh omref<br />

ausmif;om;wOD;ESifh jzpfyGm;rIudk ckwHk;vkyfvsuf wyfOD;tm;w&m;cHvkyfonfh vkyfMuHrIaMumifh wyfOD;owif;tm; (6)<br />

v oydwfarSmufjcif; jzpf&yfudk rw&m;[k,lqaMumif; owif;axmufrsm;tm; tav;teuf wifjyvdkufygonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;taeESifh ,cifuvnf; owif;axmufrsm;tay: oabm<br />

xm; rSefuefcJhygonf/ ,ckvnf; rSefuefygonf/ aemiftpOfojzifhvnf; rSefuefpGm qufqHoGm;rnfqdkonfudkvnf;<br />

od½Sdapvdkygonf/ þuJhodkY wyfOD;tay:wGif rw&m;csrSwfxm;aom qHk;jzwfcsufudk trSefodkY a&muf½SdEdkif&ef pOf;pm;<br />

aqmif½GufEdkif&eftwGuf owif;axmufrsm;odkY wifjy yefMum;tyfygonf/<br />

(n) &JacgifudkarG;zGm;cJhjcif;<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

aehpGJ- 19? 8? 57<br />

(1955- 56) ckESpf yxrtokwf wuoa½G;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;rsm; tjywftowfjzifh jyefta½G;cH&NyD;<br />

tmPm&ygwD tzGJUtpnf;onf rsm;pGmtxdemapum ¤if;wdkYu ausmaxmufaemufcHjyKolrsm;udk woD;yk*¾vrsm;tjzpf<br />

ausmifom;xktm; vSnfhpm;aomtm;jzifh qdk½S,fvpfygwDrS ppfNyD;acwf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfaom<br />

udkñGefYodef;? tvif;0if ppfNyD;acwfausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfcJhaom udkcspfoef;xGef;? udkzkef;jrifhwdkY OD;aqmifum<br />

&JacgiftzGJUudk zGJUNyD; 1956-57 ck wuo 'kwd,tokwf 0ifNydKifcJhonf?/ 1953-54 ck uJhodkYyif tmPm&ygwDrS<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm; uGif;qif;í OD;aqmiftm;ay;Muonf/ 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidrf;\ZeD; a':EGJYEGJY&Donf r,fArmrpdefat;<br />

twGuf a&yef;pm;vSaom A½dkudwfvHkcsnfwxnf vufaqmifay;cJhonfh owif;udk udkcifarmiftkef;u toHcsJUpufjzifh<br />

aMunmcJhonf/<br />

(#) 1956-67 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOf<br />

0g'<br />

1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,m<br />

ajzmifhjzL;a&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom<br />

ausmif;om;tif;tm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf; jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm<br />

aygif;oif;qufqHa&;/<br />

t"duvkyfief;rsm;<br />

1/ (u) 3 cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;/<br />

(c) wuúodkvfqD;edwf qHk;jzwfcsuf taumiftxnfazmfa&;/<br />

(8) t&pfusajzqdkcGifhpepfopf taumiftxnfazmfa&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (Hostel Autonomy) &½Sda&;/<br />

3/ axmufyHhaMu; qufvuf&½Sda&;/<br />

4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

5/ wuúodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;/<br />

6/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; usif;ya&;/<br />

7/ wuúodkvfynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yf usif;ya&;/<br />

8/ EdkifiHwum½Sd wuúodkvfrsm;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf q&m? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfzvS,fa&;/<br />

9/ tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmvHk;yGJw&yf &efukefNrdKUwGifusif;ya&;/<br />

oD;jcm;Xmetvdkuf aqmif½Guf&rnfUvkyfief;<br />

tif*sifeD,maumvdyf<br />

1/ (3F) pepf zsufodrf;a&;/<br />

2/ ausmifwuf&ef 75% rS pmar;yGJajzcGifh avQmhaygha&;/<br />

3/ tif*sifeD,mpmMunfhwdkufwGif tif*sifeD,mbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaompmtkyfrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sda&;/<br />

4/ aEG&moD vufawGUoifwef;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf c&D;p&dwfESifh aeYpOf toHk;p&dwfay;a&;/<br />

5/ tif*sifeD,maumvdyf½Sd Xmetvdkufypönf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;ay;a&;/<br />

(u) Architect ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ypönf;rsm;jynfhpHka&;? (Oyrm- Basil wood)<br />

(c) Mechanical wGif Working Model rsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sda&;?<br />

(*) Civil Eng: twGuf ypönf;ta[mif;rsm; vJvS,fay;a&;? (Oyrm- ajrwdkif;u&d,mrsm;)<br />

6/ Lab: rsm;wGif ypönf;rsm; jynfhpHkapa&;/<br />

(u) Heat Eng: Lab: Oyrm- (Boiler ta[mif;rsm; xm;½Sday;a&;)?<br />

(c) Mining Eng: twGuf Lab: wckxm;½Sda&;?<br />

(*) Electrical Communication wGif Lab: xm;ay;a&;/<br />

7/ (u) Workshop twGuf Workshop Assist: tjynfhtpHktvHktavmuf xm;½Sda&;?<br />

(c) a[mif;EGrf;aomypönf;rsm; vJvS,fay;a&; (Oyrm- wHuif;)/<br />

8/ pwdkifyifrsm; qufvufwdk;wufay;a&;/<br />

9/ trSwfMunfh&mwGif 10d^- ay;&mrS 5d^- odkY avsmhcsay;a&;/<br />

10/ tif*sifeD,mpmar;yGJrsm; qufwdkufrusif;yay;bJ oifhavsmfovdk em;&ufay;umusif;ya&;/<br />

ynma&;r[mXme<br />

1/ 65% ausmif;wuf&uf pepfy,fzsufa&;/<br />

2/ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGuf&mwGif (In order of merit) trSwftenf;trsm; tpDtpOftvdkuf aMujim<br />

jcif;udk y,fzsufay;&ef/<br />

3/ tpdk;&pwdkifyif,lolrsm;udk B.Ed qufvufwufcGifhay;&ef/<br />

4/ q&mrsm;\tajccHvpmEIef;xm; jyifqifay;a&;/<br />

5/ ynma&;r[mXmewGif vuf½SdtkyfcsKyfjyKvkyfaeyHkudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;a&;/<br />

6/ tjcm;aomXmeuJhodkY xl;cRefolrsm;? yxr&olrsm;tm;qk csD;jr§ifhay;a&;/<br />

aq;odyÜH<br />

1/ oD;jcm;aq;wuúodkvf jzpfajrmufa&;/<br />

2/ aq;odyÜHwGif vuf½SdtaqmuftOD wdk;csJUa&;/<br />

3/ aq;odyÜHwGif ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmifwaqmifESifh aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif;<br />

aqmifwaqmif tjrefqHk;xm;½Sday;a&;/<br />

4/ aq;odyÜHwGif "gwfcGJcef;ypönf;rsm;? tjcm;vdktyfaomypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGm½Sda&;/<br />

5/ aq;odyÜHwGif q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;&efESifh q&mrsm;tm; vpmwdk;jr§ifhay;a&;/<br />

6/ 'kwd,ESpf aq;odyÜHoifwef;wGif (3) Budrf us½HI;pepfaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;txl; epfemaeojzifh<br />

wwfEdkiforQ aqG;aEG;jyKjyifa&;/<br />

7/ aq;odyÜHpmMunfhwdkufwGif acwfrSDpmtkyfrsm; pHkvifpGmxm;½Sd&ef ausmif;om;rsm; vHkavmufpGm iSm;&efzwf½I<br />

&ef pmMunfhwdkuf&efyHkaiG wdk;wufoHk;pGJay;&ef/<br />

517

518<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

8/ aq;odyÜHwGif axmufyHhaMu;topfrsm; &yfqdkif;xm;jcif;udk zsufí axmufyhHaMu;topf tjrefjyefvnf<br />

xkwfay;&ef/<br />

&efuif;aumvdyf<br />

1/ &efuif;OypmaumvdyfwGif vHkavmufaom ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh q&mjynfhpHkpGm xm;½Sda&;/<br />

2/ jynfpHkvHkavmufaom pmMunfhwdkufwck xm;½Sda&;/<br />

3/ upm;uGif;rsm; aqmufvkyfay;a&;ESifh vdktyfaomypönf;rsm;? axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&<br />

tvdkuf ay;a&;/<br />

4/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; em;ae&eftcef; (L.C.R) (G.C.R ) udk wdk;csJUí ypönf;rsm; jynfhpHk vHkavmufpGm<br />

ay;a&;/<br />

5/ t0iftxGufvrf;rsm; jyKvkyfay;um vrf;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyKjyifay;&ef/<br />

6/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmif (Hostel) rsm;wGif toHk;taqmifrsm; jynfhpHkpGmjyifqifa&;/<br />

7/ ysufqD;aeaomausmif;aqmifrsm;? a&ydkufrsm; jyifqifay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmif oefY½Sif;a&;twGuf<br />

aqmif½Gufay;a&;/<br />

8/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif Owk (3) yg;cHEdkif&ef twGuf rsufESmMuufjyKvkyfay;a&;/<br />

xD;wef;aumvdyf<br />

1/ pmoifcef;rsm;wGif rD;vHk;rsm;? yefumrsm; wyfqifa&;/<br />

2/ em;aecef;twGif; owif;pmrsm;? upm;ckefpm;ud&d,mrsm; jynfpHkpGm&½Sda&;/<br />

3/ xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf ydkrdkoifhavsmfaom ae&m½SmazGí aumvdyftqifhESifhnDaom pmoifcef;rsm;<br />

aqmufvkyfa&;/<br />

4/ ausmif;aqmifü csKdUwJhaomypönf;rsm; tjrefqHk;ay;&ef/<br />

5/ pmMunfhwdkufESifh tdrfwGif;upm;a&;twGuf taqmifoD;oefY aqmufvkyfay;a&;/<br />

6/ upm;ckefpm;a&;twGuf upm;uGif;rsm; jyKjyifay;a&;/<br />

7/ oefY½Sif;aom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; jyKjyifay;a&;/<br />

8/ aq;rsm;tcrJh vHkavmufpGmay;a&;ESifh tcrJhaq;xdk;ay;a&;/<br />

A[dkausmif;aqmifrsm;<br />

1/ ausmif;aqmifc t&pfusay;oGif;aom pepftm; ,cifpepfa[mif; twdkif;ay;a&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif a½S;,cifuuJhodkY rD; (24) em&D&½Sda&;/<br />

3/ ausmif;aqmifwGif aexdkifvdkaom ausmif;om;wdkif; aecGifhjyKa&;/<br />

4/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; ausmif;aqmifü aecGifhjyKa&;twGuf tpDtpOfjyKvkyfay;a&;/<br />

5/ a&vHkavmufpGm &½Sda&;/<br />

6/ ukwiftopfrsm; vJvS,fay;&efESifh pmtkyfpifrsm; tvHktavmufay;a&;/<br />

7/ tdrfomjyKjyifay;a&;/<br />

aehausmif;olrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;<br />

1/ um;crsm; oufomacsmifcsdap&ef avQmhayghaom aps;EIef;xm;½Sda&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; em;aecef;rsm; (L.C.R) (G.C.R) wdkYtm; o,m,ESifh pmzwfcef; tqifhodkY<br />

xm;½Sday;&efESifh ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sday;a&;/<br />

3/ aeYausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tm;upm;aMu;rsm;udk 200d^- rS 500d^- txd wdk;jr§ifh&½Sda&;/<br />

vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;<br />

1/ r,lrae& jrefrmbmomtpm; rdrdwdkY jynfe,fqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm; oifMum;ajzqdkcGifhjyKa&;/<br />

2/ jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ta&;udk jynfe,ftpdk;&u 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKa&;/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

q&mrsm;<br />

3/ jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;wdk;ay;a&;/<br />

4/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;&mwGif oif,laom bmom&yfESifh owfrSwfcsKyfcs,frI rjyKa&;/<br />

5/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIxkwfazmfay;a&;/<br />

6/ ausmif;om;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vlrsKd;pkwdkY qE´yg½Sdvkyfaqmifa&;/<br />

1/ q&mrsm;pmoifcsdefudk qDavsmfatmif pDpOfowfrSwfí tcsdefydkoifMum;ygu tydkaMu;cHpm;cGifhjyKa&;/<br />

2/ q&mrsm;vdkaecsdefwGif tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif; rjyKa&;/<br />

3/ q&mrsm; vpmEIef;xm; wdk;jr§ifhjyifqifay;a&;/<br />

4/ q&mrsm;vdktyfaecsdefwGif wdk;jr§ifhcefYxm;rIudk 'D*&Day:wGifomrxm;bJ vkyfoufuRrf;usifrIudkyg Munfhí<br />

&mxl;wdk;jr§ifhay;a&;/<br />

5/ q&m? rrsm;\ qEÉSifhqefYusifvsuf ausmif;om;ta&;wGif 0ifa&mufcsKyfcs,f&ef tmPmjzifh apcdkif;jcif;<br />

rjyKa&;/<br />

&Jabmfausmif;om;taygif;wdkhtxufazmfjyyg<br />

1956- 57 ckESpftwGuf vkyfief;rsm;udk ausmif;omxkw&yfvHk;udk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfapum<br />

ausmif;om;tjrif ausmif;om;qE´jzifhom jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufí atmifyGJ&onftxd csDwufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; uwd<br />

jyKygonf/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(X) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|opf podef;[ef usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJtcrf;tem;rdefhcGef;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJtcrf;tem;udk wufa&mufMuwJh NrdKUrdNrdKUz<br />

*kPfoa&½SdvlBuD;rif;rsm;? ygarmu©q&m^rrsm;eJY ausmif;ol^om;rsm;udk trIaqmiftzGJUudk,fpm; uRefawmfu rsm;pGm<br />

aus;Zl;Oyum&wif½SdaMumif; OD;pGmajymMum;tyfygw,f/<br />

ausmif;om;&mZ0if ordkif;wavQmufvHk;rSm ArmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI\ordkif;wGif ajymifajrmufxl;jcm;<br />

wJh tcef;u@rSm&yfwnfEdkifcJhwJh wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>&JU (27) OD;ajrmuf Ouú|tjzpf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&wJhtwGuf uRefawmfh<br />

tzdkY *kPf,ltm;wufrdygw,f/ wuo&JU0g'eJY tajccHpOf;rsOf;Oya'abmiftwGif; wuou csrSwfxm;wJh vkyfief;pOf<br />

(9) &yfudk ausmif;om;xktm; opömrazmufbJ tpGrf;ukefazmfoGm;r,fqdkwm 'Dae&muaeNyD; uwday;ygw,f/ txl;<br />

ojzifh ,ckvdk ArmwEdkifiHvHk;rSm½SdwJh nDi,fausmif;om;rsm;&JU ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awG t"r®zsufodrf;cH&wJh tcsdefrsKd;rSm<br />

wuo&JU tEÅ&m,fawG0dkif;aewJhtcgrsKd;rSm ausmif;om;xktwGuf OD;aqmifxrf;½Guf&zdkY wm0ef½SdwJhtwGuf ydkNyD;wuf<br />

520<br />

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ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;om;qE´? ausmif;om;,lqcsufawGeJYom xm0pOfBudK;yrf; wnfaqmufoGm;r,fvdkY wifjy<br />

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ausmif;om;ta&;eJY ywfoufNyD; atmufwdkbmv (7) &ufaeYu zqyv Ouú| OD;Eku toHvTifhrdefYcGef;<br />

w&yf ajymMum;cJhygonf/ xdkaemuf atmufwdkbmv (16) &ufaeYwGif 'k-0efBuD; ocifwifu rdefYcGef;pum;w&yf<br />

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ArmEdkifiHwGif ausmif;om;toif;tzGJUrsm;udk 1920 ckESpf avmufrSpí pwifzGJUpnf;vmcJhMuayonf/ 1929<br />

cka&mufrS wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>[lí twdtvif; wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;í wjynfvHk;wGif 1936 ckESpf ausmif;om;oydwfBuD;<br />

wGifrS Auo (ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>) tzGJUcGJrsm; tESHYtjym; ay:aygufí vmcJhayonf/ 'kwd,urÇm<br />

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tultnDjzifh jyefvnf zGJUpnf;cJhMuayonf/<br />

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521

522<br />

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aumifpDjzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;onfvnf; vHk;0rjzpfEdkif[k ,lqayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;& ynma&;Xme\ &ufaygif; (30) twGif; <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;zsufodrf;&ef trdefYonf<br />

'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;? Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk zsufqD;jcif;? q&mESifh ausmif;om;<br />

cspfcif&if;ESD;rIudk zsufqD;um ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;om jzpfayonf[k wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>u tcdkiftrm<br />

,lqayonf/<br />

&Jabmfausmif;olausmif;om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tm; zsufodrf;cdkif;jcif;onf EdkifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGifom &yfwnfrnf<br />

r[kwfay/ a½SUwGifwqifhwqifhwdk;um wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>udk wm;qD;jcif;? zsufodrf;jcif; jyKvkyfrnfh ajcvSrf;yifjzpfay<br />

onf/ 1953-54 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ae&mwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;aumifpD (SSWC) rsm;jzifh<br />

tpm;xdk;&ef MuH½G,fcJhzl;ayNyD/ ,cktcgwGifvnf; <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;zsufodrf;&ef trdefYudktrSDjyKum wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>udk zsufodrf;<br />

&efBudK;pm;jcif; (odkY) wuoae&mwGif tpm;xdk;&ef ausmif;om;^q&m cspfcif&if;ESD;rI[lí bef;jyum q&m^ausmif;<br />

om; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;&efMuH½G,f jyKvkyfvsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf &Jabmfausmif;ol^om;wdkif;onf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; (AuotzGJUcGJrsm;)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

zsufodrf;&eftrdefYonf ausmif;om;i,frsm;udkomrubJ wuúodkvfodkYyif xdcdkufvmawmhrnfjzpf&m <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; wnf<br />

axmifcGifhESifh qufvufwnfjrJcGifhtwGuf EdkifiHawmfausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;ESifh vufwGJum aqmif½GufMuyg&ef<br />

wdkufwGef;EId;aqmf vdkufygaMumif;/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUpnf;cGifh&a&;? <strong>or*¾</strong>wnfwHhEdkifa&;twGuf ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;xk<br />

w&yfvHk;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&mwGif at;csrf;om,mpGm ajz½Sif;Edkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;aqmif½Gufrnf jzpfonfhtjyif<br />

q&m? rdb? ausmif;om;rsm;yl;wGJ ajz½Sif;Edkifa&;twGuf tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm; aqmif½GufrnfjzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunm<br />

vdkufygonf/<br />

tMurf;zufESdrfeif;rI0g'usqHk;&rnf<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;atmif&rnf<br />

odkh<br />

ynma&;0efBuD;<br />

twGif;0efrsm;½Hk;<br />

&efukefNrdKY<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)<br />

taMumif;t&m / / 16? 10? 56 aeYpGJjzifh ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

xkwfjyefaomtrdefYudk &nfñTef;ygonf/<br />

cifAsm;-<br />

16? 10? 56 aeYwGif ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS tpdk;&ausmif;rsm;½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tm; trdefYxkwfjyef<br />

onfrS (30) &uftwGif; zsufodrf;&efESifh xdkuJhodkY zsufodrf;&mwGif vdktyfygu jyif;jyif;xefxef ta&;,lrnf<br />

[laom oabmyg½Sdonfh trdefYw&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhygonf/<br />

xdktrdefYESifh ywfoufí uRefawmfrsm; wuotrIaqmiftzGJUrS avhvmoHk;oyfMunfhonfwGif ¤if;trdefYonf<br />

1/ ynma&;avmuü vuf½Sdjzpfay:aeaom taxGaxGtusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;ay;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k<br />

r,lqjcif;/<br />

2/ ¤if;trdefYaMumifh ynma&;avmutwGif;ü at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk xdcdkufvmvdrfhrnf[k<br />

,lqjcif;/<br />

3/ xdktrdefYonf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tydk'f (17^*) üyg½Sdaom toif;<br />

tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;[lonfudk csKd;azmuf&ma&mufvsuf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk<br />

ydwfyif&ma&mufjcif; jzpfonf[lí cdkifcdkifrmrm ,HkMunf,lqygaomaMumifh txufyg ynma&;XmerS<br />

xkwfjyefcJhaomtrdefYtm; av;eufpGm uefYuGufygaMumif;/<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuft&<br />

av;pm;pGmjzifU<br />

(pdk;odef;)<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(wuo)<br />

rdwÅLrsm;udk<br />

1/ 0efBuD;csKyf 6/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

2/ w&m;a&;Xme0efBuD; 7/ &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo)<br />

3/ ygarmu©csKyf (&efukefwuúodkvf) 8/ owif;pmwdkuf<br />

4/ q&mrsm;toif; (&efukefwuúodkvf) 9/ ynmrif;BuD;½Hk;<br />

5/ jrefrmEdkifiHq&mrsm;toif;csKyf<br />

523

524<br />

(¡) 1956-57 wuotpD&ifcHpm<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

1956-57 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpm<br />

tcef; (1)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ yxrtywf a½G;aumufyGJjzpfaom Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;<br />

a½G;aumufyGJudk 1956 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (27) &ufwGif usif;ycJh&m? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;\ udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm; jzpfaom podef;[eftm; Ouú| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? udkausmfjrifhtm; 'k- Ouú| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? rjrjrtm;<br />

aiGxdef; tjzpfvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;xku a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhayonf/ 'kwd,tywf trIaqmif (6) OD;<br />

a½G;aumufyGJudk 1956 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv (9) &ufaeYwGif usif;ycJh&m ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;\ udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm;jzpfMuaom udkpdk;odef;? udkpGefwdwf? udkvSaz? rpöwmtuf'DxGef;? apmodk;rm? udkcspfodef;OD;wdkY ta½G;cHcJh&ayonf/<br />

xdktrIaqmif (6) OD;tm; atmufygtwdkif; wm0efcGJay;cJUonf/<br />

(1) udkpdk;odef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(2) rpöwmtuf'DxGef; wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;rSL;<br />

(3) udkpGefwdwf ausmif;om;ouffomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

(4) udkcspfodef;OD; upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (aemif pma&;q&m C.T.O)<br />

(5) udkvSaz (&cdkif) EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL; (aemif OD;wifhaZmf)<br />

(6) apmodk;rm vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (10)? tydk'f (2) t&-<br />

(1) udkatmifoef; tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH<br />

(2) udk0if;wif yd#duufwddkufrSL;<br />

-tjzpfjzifh trIaqmiftzGJUrS a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufcJhayonf/<br />

wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (19)? tydk'f (1) t& tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDudk atmufygtwdkif;zGJYpnf;cJUonf/<br />

(1) udkatmifoef; wm0efcHt,f'Dwm<br />

(2) udkodef;wef twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(3) udk0if;Munf tvkyfrefae*sm<br />

(4) udkwifarmifarmif trIaqmif<br />

(5) udkndKjrifh trIaqmif<br />

(6) rcifeef;jrifh trIaqmif<br />

wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (18)? tydk'f (1) t& yd#duufwdkufaumfrwDudk atmufygtwdkif;zGJYpnf;cJUonf/<br />

(1) udk0if;wif yd#duufwdkufrSL;<br />

(2) rjrjr aiGxdef;<br />

(3) udkaumif;pH<br />

(4) csm;vf (xGef;)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(5) udkwifatmifMunf<br />

(6) udk&Jjrifh<br />

wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumfrwD (University Sport Council) odkh wuorS atmufygudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a½G;cs,f<br />

cefhtyfcJUonf/<br />

(1) udkcspfodef;OD;<br />

(2) udkausmf'if<br />

(3) udkwifxG#f<br />

(4) udkwifarmifMunf<br />

(5) udkae0if;<br />

ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkh wuo 'k-Ouú| udkausmfjrifUESifU wuotrIaqmifa[mif; udkarmifarmifñGefhwdkhtm; wuo<br />

udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a½G;cs,fapvTwfcJUayonf/<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDodkh<br />

(1) OD;at;armif (w&m;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh 'k-t"dywda[mif;)<br />

(2) rpöwmwDyD0rf; (wuoaiGxdef;a[mif;? vTwfawmfa½SUae)<br />

-wdkYtm; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhayonf/<br />

OD;at;armiftm; wuúodkvfaq;aumfrwD0ifESifh wuúodkvf&dyfom aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif;? rpöwm<br />

wDyD0rf;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh axmufyHha&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wuúodkvfaumifpDrS a½G;cs,f<br />

xnfhoGif;cJhayonf/<br />

tcef; (2)<br />

wuotrIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOf<br />

wuoOuú|opf\ usrf;opömusdefqkdyGJukd 1956 ck? Edk0ifbmv (9) &ufaeYwGif ,k'oefcef;rü usif;yjyKvkyf<br />

í wuotrIaqmiftzGJUopf\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhayonf/<br />

0g'<br />

1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&; jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;<br />

tif;tm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;<br />

qufqHa&;/<br />

t"duvkyfief;rsm;<br />

1/ (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?<br />

(c) wuúodkvfqD;edwfqHk;jzwfcsuf taumiftxnfazmfa&;?<br />

(*) t&pfusajzqdkcGifh pepfopf taumiftxnfazmfa&;?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (Hostel Automanmy) &½Sda&;?<br />

3/ axmufyHhaMu; qufvuf&½Sda&;?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif(Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;?<br />

5/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;?<br />

6/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; usif;ya&;?<br />

7/ wuúodkvf ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yfusif;ya&;?<br />

8/ EdkifiHwum½Sd wuúodkvfrsm;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf q&m? ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfzvS,fa&;?<br />

9/ tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmvHk;yGJw&yf &efukefNrdKUwGifusif;ya&;/<br />

525

526<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef;(3)<br />

wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJwGif aMunmcJhaom 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnf<br />

ay:aygufvmap&ef aqmif½GufcJhonf/ aqmif½GufcJhaom t"ducsrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí wifjyvdkuf<br />

ayonf/<br />

1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-55 ckESpfrSpí wuúodkvfwGifpwifusifhoHk;cJh\/ xdktcsdefrSpí ausmif;<br />

om;xk w&yfvHk;onf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk uefYuGufqE´jycJhayonf/<br />

þodkY qE´jycJhojzifhvnf; ausmif;om;? q&m? rdb jynfolwdkY\ axmufcHrIudk &½SdcJhayonf/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDrS (3) cgusESifh (65) &mcdkifEIef;pepftwGuf pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/ 1956 ck<br />

ESpf Mo*kwfvwGif wuúodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfr½Sifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/ xkdaumfr½SifrS (3) vtwGif; tpD&ifcHpm<br />

wifoGif;&rnf[k owfrSwfay;cJh&onf/<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf vuf½Sdwuúodkvfynma&;pepf rrSefuefrIaMumifh ay:xGufvm&jcif; jzpfonf<br />

[k ,lqonfh tm;avsmfpGm wuúodkvfynma&; pHkprf;rIESifhywfoufí wuorS vufcHcJhayonf/ pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sif\<br />

tpD&ifcHpm tjrefqHk;ay:xGufap&ef awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ þodkY awmif;qdkcJhojzifhvnf; owfrSwfxm;aom tcsdefvGefae<br />

&mrS xGufay:vmcJhayonf/<br />

odkYaomftpD&ifcHpmonf owfrSwfvmonfhtwdkif; wuúodkvfynma&;wckvHk;tm; pHkprf;jcif;rjyKbJ (Admission)<br />

ausmif;0ifjcif;? (Teaching) oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;? (Examination) pmar;yGJ[lí tydkif; (3) ydkif;udkom ppfaq;<br />

tpD&ifcHcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xk vdkvm;csufjzpfaom (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufí rnfodkYrQ<br />

azmfjyjcif;r½SdbJ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudkom qufvufxm;½SdcJhjcif;aMumihf wuorS oabmxm;udk xkwfjyef<br />

aMunmcJhonf/ qufvufí ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf usif;yjyKvkyfay;&ef wkdufwGef;cJh<br />

ayonf/<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf wuoonf wuúodkvf½Sd wyfOD;? &Jacgif? oefY½Sif;?<br />

ausmif;om;a&;&m tiftm;BuD; (4) ck? tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>? aq;odyÜHausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkYESifh yl;wGJum<br />

1956 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;w&ufrwufbJ qE´jy oydwfarSmufcJhonf/ wuorS OD;aqmifonfh<br />

qE´jyoydwfonf vHk;0atmifjrifcJhayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ nDñGwfpGm qE´jycJhEdkifonfhtwGufvnf; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf tajc<br />

,dkifvmum wuúodkvfynma&; pepfBuD;wckvHk;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&jcif;? pOf;pm;cJhaom tpD&ifcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY<br />

wifjyum tMuHOmPfESifh xifjrifcsufrsm; awmif;cH&jcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfcJh&ayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;<br />

a&;onf umvMum½SnfpGm wdkufyGJqifrS &EdkifrnfjzpfonfESifhtnD ravsmhaomvkHYv? rqkwfrepfaomZGJESifhtnD ausmif;<br />

om;xkw&yfvkH; nDñGwfpGmjzifh qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifEdkifygu atmifjrif&ef½Sdayonf/ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;yif jyKjyif<br />

ajymif;vJoGm;Edkif&ef t&dyfedrdwfrsm; ay:xGufcJhNyD[k ,lqrdayonf/<br />

(3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf 1956 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (30) &ufaeYwGif wuorS<br />

BuD;rSL;um tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJw&yfudk usif;ycJhayonf/ xdktpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJudk &efukefwuúodkvf? odyÜHr[mXme<br />

jrufcif;a½SUü vnf;aumif;? &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkYü vnf;aumif; usif;ycJhayonf/ wuorS tpmiwfcH<br />

qE´jyyGJtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdwfac:cJh&m &efukefwuúodkvfrS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;aygif; (100)<br />

ausmf? &efuif;rS (60) ausmf? xD;wef;rS (40) ausmf? tm;vkH;aygif; (200) ausmf yg0ifqifETJcJhMuayonf/ tpmiwfcH<br />

qE´jyyGJwGif wuúodkvf½Sd ausmif;om;tiftm;pkBuD; (2) ckjzpfaom &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;ESifh<br />

ausmif;om;&JacgiftzGJUwdkYu pdwftm;xufoefpGm yg0ifqifETJcJhayonf/ trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifrsm;rSvnf; pdwftm;<br />

xufoefpGm tultnDrsm; ay;cJhayonf/ eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dxd tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJBuD;? onfhaemuf<br />

ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD; usif;yjyD;vQif tqdkrsm;wifoGif;qHk;jzwfum wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif; qE´jyvSnfh<br />

vnfyGJw&yfudk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/<br />

2/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udk 1954-55 ck wyfOD;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfaom wuo trIaqmiftzGJUrS<br />

wifoGif;awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ 1956 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuúodkvff t"dywd<br />

0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek awGUqHkaqG;aEG;&mwGif ausmif;aqmifudk,ffydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udk oabmwl½HkrQru? {NyDvwGif pwiftkyfcsKyf<br />

&ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u {NyDvonf ausmif;ydwf&ufjzpfí ZGefvrSm pwiftkyfcsKyf&ef jyef<br />

Mum;cJhayonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1959 ck? ZGefvwGif taumiftxnfazmf&ef BudK;yrf;cJhNyD;vQif ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&; pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJ<br />

wifjycJhayonf/ xdkpDrHudef;udk wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY wifjy&m rNyD;rjywfjzpfcJh&mrS 1957 ck? azazmf0g&D (7) &ufaeYwGif<br />

usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;yg0ifaom tzGJUi,fwckudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ xdk<br />

tzGJUi,ffrS wuopDrHudef;udk tajcjyKNyD; tao;pdwfa&;qGJ wifjycJh&m ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS vufcHtwnfjyKjyD;<br />

jzpfayonf/ ,ckESpf ausmif;aqmiftoD;oD;wGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJUi,fuav; zGJUpnf;um tkyfcsKyf&awmhrnfjzpf<br />

&m pwifvkyfaqmifMu&efyif ½Sdayawmhonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfcGifh &½SdNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; wuorS arQmfrSef;cJhonfh<br />

twdkif; jynfhpHkaom udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhum; r&ao;ay/ ,ck&½Sdxm;onfrSm udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhwGif ta&;BuD;aom<br />

tpdwftydkif; w&yfjzpfonf/ pDrHaqmif½GufcGifh (Management) udkom &½Sdxm;jcif;jzpfay&m qufvufí vHk;0udk,fydkif<br />

tkyfcsKyfcGifh &½Sdonftxd aqmif½GufoGm;&ef vdktyfayonf/<br />

3/ wuúodkvfwGif axmufyHhaMu;rsm;ay;cJh&mrS 1954-55 ckESpfurS tpjyKum &yfqdkif;xm;cJhayonf/ þodkY<br />

&yfqdkif;xm;cJh&mrS axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef awmif;qdk&mwGif rltm;jzifh vufcHaomfvnf; EdkifiHawmf<br />

tpdk;&xHrS ray;ojzifh r&½Sd jzpfaeayonf/ odkYtwGuf axmufyHhaMu;&½Sda&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&xHwGif<br />

awmif;qdkum qufvufta&;qdk wdkufyGJ0if&rnfjzpfayonf/<br />

4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;twGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf yxr<br />

tqifhtjzpf pmtkyfpmwrf; ausmif;okH;y&dabm* a&mif;csonfhqdkifwckrS pwif&ef &nf½G,fcJhaomfvnf; t&if;tESD;<br />

rwnfa&;ESifh ywfoufí tcuftcJ awGUcJh&ayonf/ t&if;tESD;rwnfEdkif&eftwGuf tpk½S,f,mrsm; ac:qdkum<br />

or0g,rtjzpf wnfaxmifrnf qdkyguvnf; pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; &½Sd&ef vdktyfygojzifh qufvuf raqmif½GufEdkif<br />

ao;bJ &yfqdkif;xm;cJh&ayonf/<br />

5/ 1952- 53 ckESpfrSpí wESpfwBudrfusif;ycJhaom wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfudk wwd,tBudrf tjzpfjzifh<br />

1956 ck? 'DZifbmv (20-21) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuúodkvfe,fajrü NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&;<br />

,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;<br />

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&;<br />

-[laom &nf½G,fcsufjzifh usif;yjyKvkyfcJhjcif;jzpf&m ausmif;aqmifrsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ulnDrIudk trsm;tjym;<br />

&½SdcJhayonf/<br />

6/ 1954-55 ckESpfrS tpjyKí usif;ycJhaom wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqkHaqG;aEG;rIudk rEÅav;wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkYESifh<br />

nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG; oabmwlnDcsuft& rEÅav;NrdKU? a½Tref;wuúodkvf? abm*aA'cef;raqmifwGif 1957 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv<br />

(19-20-21) &ufaeYrsm;ü wwd,tBudrfajrmuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; xajrmufatmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;<br />

rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? &efukef? rEÅav;aq;odyÜH<strong>or*¾</strong>? pdkufysKd;a&;r[mXme<strong>or*¾</strong>? xD;wef;? &efuif;aumvdyf udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU<br />

rsm;tjyif ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;? ausmif;om;&Jacgif? rEÅav;wuúodkvf 'Dtufpftdkponfh ausmif;om;tiftm;pk<br />

rsm;ESifh toif;tzGJUaygif; (43) zGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (82) a,mufESifh avhvmolaygif; (48) a,muf wufa&mufcJhay<br />

onf/<br />

xdkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif wuúodkvfrsm;? aumvdyfrsm;? r[mXmersm;\ tajctaersm;udk wifjytpD&ifcHMuNyD;<br />

vQif epfemcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfEdkifcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;udk tMurf;rzufbJ at;csrf;pGm awGUqkHajz½Sif;ay;<br />

&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&odkY yefMum;vTmwapmifESifh 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS<br />

xkwfjyefcJhaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yefMum;vTmudkvnf; xyfrHtwnfjyKcJh ayonf/<br />

7/ ,aeYwuúodkvfESifh Armjynfw0Srf;wGif wnf½Sdaeaom ynma&;pepfonf e,fcsJUacwfu a&;qGJxm;aom<br />

ynma&;pepfjzpfay&m vGwfvyfaomArmEdkifiHESifh vkH;0rudkufnDay/ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;wckvkH;udk jyKjyif ajymif;vJ<br />

&ef vdktyfvmNyD[k ,lqojzifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf jzpfajrmufEdkif&eftwGuf<br />

wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf aqmif½GufcJhayonf/ yxrtqifhtaejzifh ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm;? q&mrsm;xHodkY<br />

ynma&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJa&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf pmrsm;ay;ydkYum tMuHÓPf awmif;cHcJhayonf/<br />

527

528<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuúodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfr½Sif tpD&ifcHpm xGufay:vmaom tcgwGifvnf; xdktpD&ifcHpmtwGuf<br />

oabmxm; xkwfjyefcJhayonf/ xdkaMunmcsufwGif ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ynma&;Xme udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;? ausmif;om;? q&m? rdb udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tygt0if ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf<br />

usif;yjyKvkyf&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfcJhayonf/<br />

þodkY EId;aqmfcJhonfhtwGufvnf; wuúodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfr½Sif tpD&ifcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY xkwfjyef<br />

aMunmum tMuHÓPfrsm; xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk jynfolvlxkxHrS awmif;cHcJh&ayonf/ EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\<br />

av;ESpfpDrHudef; a&;qGJ&mwGifyifvQif ynma&;ESifhywfoufí ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ r[kwfaomfvnf; tzGJUzGJUum EdkifiHjcm;rS<br />

yg&*lrsm;udk ac:,lum tMuHÓPfrsm; awmif;,lcJh&ayonf/ þonfyifvQif ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf<br />

awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfEdkif&ef vrf;pay:NyD[k ,lqrdayonf/<br />

8/ EdkifiHwumwuúodkvfrsm;odkY &efukefwuúodkvfq&m? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfa&;udk t"du<br />

vkyfief;pOftjzpf csrSwfcJhaomfvnf; raqmif½GufEdkifcJhacs/ uvuwåm;wuúodkvf ESpfw&mjynfhajrmufyGJawmfodkY &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;toif; apvTwfcJh&m wuorS tultnDay;cJhonf/<br />

9/ tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmyGJw&yf &efukefjrdKUü usif;ya&;udk tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf? befa'gif;jrdKUü usif;y<br />

aom ]tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHBuD;} ü Armjynf ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh wifoGif;cJhjcif;jzpf\/ wuúodkvf<br />

tm;upm;aumifpDü wifjyaqG;aEG;cJh&mwGif jzpfajrmufEdkif&ef tm;ay;cJh\/ odkYaomf tquftoG,fjyKvkyf nd§EIdif;&efyif<br />

rvG,fulvSojzifh atmifjrifpGm raqmif½GufEdkifcJhay/ ,dk;',m;EdkifiH ausmif;om;rsm;rS abmvkH;toif;woif; vma&muf<br />

upm;&ef csdef;qdkcJhaomfvnf; atmifqef;tm;upm;uGif;wGif rtm;rvyf jzpfaeaomaMumifh urf;vSrf;csufudk jiif;y,fcJh<br />

&ayonf/<br />

wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJü aMunmcJhaom t"duvkyfief;BuD; (9) &yfudk taumif<br />

txnfay:&ef aqmif½GufcJh&mwGif txufü tpD&ifcHcJhonfhtwdkif; atmifjrifcJhonfrsm;vnf; ½SdcJh\/ atmifjrifEdkifa&;<br />

twGuf tajccHrsm;&EdkifcJhonfvnf; ½Sd\/ ratmifjrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf; ½SdcJhaMumif;udkvnf; azmfjyvdkuf&ay<br />

onf/<br />

tcef; (4)<br />

tjcm;vkyfaqmifcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;<br />

1/ 1956 ck? atmufwkdbmv (19) &ufwGif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;<br />

rsm;½Sdd<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk &ufaygif; (30) twGif; zsufodrf;ay;&rnf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif q&mBuD;rsm; zGJUpnf;<br />

xm;onfh ausmif;aumifpDrSwyg; tjcm;toif;tzGJUrsm; rzGJUpnf;&[k xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;zsufodrf;cdkif;jcif;? ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;\ tcGifhta&; ydwfyifwm;qD;½kHrQru EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykH<br />

tajccHpnf;rsOf; Oya'wGifyg½Sdaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udkyg ydwfyifwm;qD;onfh trdefYjzpfjcif;aMumifh wuorS<br />

uefYuGufcJhayonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS BuD;rSL;onfh 1956 ck? Edk0ifbmv (15) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>zsufodrf;rI uefYuGufqE´jyyGJodkY wuorS wufa&mufyg0ifcJhonf/ 1956 ck 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwGifvnf;<br />

wuúodkvfe,fajrü (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? <strong>or*¾</strong>zsufodrf;a&;trdefY uefYuGufa&;twGuf ausmif;r<br />

wufbJ qE´jyoydwfarSmufum ulnDwdkufyGJ0ifcJhayonf/ xdkqE´jyoydwfarSmufyGJwGif ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;?<br />

ausmif;om;&Jacgif? oefY½Sif;? ausmif;om;a&;&m paom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifhwuG ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;<br />

nDñGwfpGm yg0ifqE´jyrIaMumifh qE´jyoydwfonf atmifjrifcJhayonf/<br />

2/ 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJudk 1956 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (17-18) &ufaeYrsm;wGif<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfü usif;ycJhayonf/ xdkajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;usif;ycJh&m tm;upm;orm;<br />

aygif; (100) eD;yg;cefY yg0ifqifETJcJhMuayonf/<br />

3/ 1957 ckESpf? arvü wuúodkvf jyefvnfrzGifhvSpfrD ausmif;aqmifrsm; rvkHavmufrIESifhywfoufí wuorS<br />

BudKwifjyifqifxm;yg&ef xkwfjyefaMunmcJhavonf/ xkdYaemuf wuúodkvf jyefvnfzGifhvSpfaomtcgwGif ausmif;om;<br />

aygif; (300) eD;yg; ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm; r&½Sdojzifh wuorS ,m,Dtm;jzifh wcef;ESpfa,mufxm;í ajz½Sif;&efESifh<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm; aqmufvkyf&ef awmif;qkdcJh&m ,m,Dtm;jzifh wcef;ESpfa,mufxm;í ajz½Sif;rIudk &½SdcJhayonf/<br />

4/ ZGefv wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm; ajzqdkaepOftwGif; wkwfauG;a&m*g ysHUESHYvmojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; wkwfauG;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&m*g pGJuyfcJhayonf/ þodkYpGJuyfrIaMumifh pmar;yGJajza&;wGif taESmifht,Sufjzpfvmojzifh wuorS oGm;a&muf<br />

awGUqkHum aq;½kHwGif ae&mcsxm;Edkifa&;? vufawGUpmar;yGJrsm; aeY&ufajymif;vJEdkifa&;? rdrdwdkYae&mwGif ajzqdkEdkifa&;<br />

wdkYtwGuf aqmif½Gufay;cJhonf/<br />

5/ xrif;a

530<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

vlrsKd;pk ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tif;vsm;? &wem? rmvm? oD&d? wDwDpD? aq;odyÜHausmif;olrsm;? ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;ESifh tzufzufwGif BudK;yrf;Muaom ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;tm; wuorS aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;/<br />

þuJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\ yl;aygif;rIaMumifh BuD;rm;aomatmifjrifrIudk &½Sdonfhtwdkif; a½SUwGifvnf;<br />

ausmif;om;xk w&yfvkH;onf wuo\tvHawmfatmufrS wnDwñGwfwnf; yl;aygif;aqmif½GufMu&ef wdkufwGef;<br />

vdkufygaMumif;/<br />

aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yJGwGif &[ef;wyg; rdefhcGef;>rwfMum;aeyHk<br />

ykH<br />

(ausmfjrifU)<br />

'k-Ouú|<br />

wuo<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ajrmif;jrc½dkif? tdrfrJNrKdUe,f BuKdUukef;½GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ u&if trsKd;om;wOD; jzpfonf/ 1954-55 ckESpfwGif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&muf½Sdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1955-56 ckESpf wuo 'k-Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumuf<br />

wifajr§mufjcif;cH&í? 1956-57 ckESpfwGif wuo Ouú|jzpfvmonf/<br />

1955-56 ckESpfwGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk usifhoHk;&m ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; ynmqufvufoif<br />

Mum;cGifhr&bJ ausmif;rS xGufcGmoGm;cJh&onf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf wuúodkvfwGif<br />

pwdoydwfarSmufjcif;? tpmiwfcH qE´jyjcif;rsm; jyKcJhí? wuúodkvfaumifpDrS (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfESifh<br />

(66) &mcdkifEIef; ausmif;wuf&ufrsm;twGuf pHkprf;a&;aumfrwD zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

wwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk crf;em;pGm usif;yEdkifcJh\/ OD;podef;[efonf u&ifa&;<br />

&mtusKd;aqmiftzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdonf/ Armhwyfrawmf ynma&;ESifh pdwf"gwfa&;&m<br />

ñTefMum;Xme vufaxmuft&m½Sd (pdwf"mwfa&;) wOD;vnf; jzpfonf/<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

OD;podef;[ef<br />

(1956-57)<br />

rEåav;aumvdyfwGif usif;yaom aumvdyfausmif;aygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yJGrS obmywdESifU twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;tzJGY<br />

531

532<br />

(u) 1957-58 wuoa½G;aumufyGJ<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (20)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

rnfolYudk rJxnfUvdkufygoenf;<br />

(1957 rS 1958)<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

1957-58 ckESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJü tBudwfte,f<br />

NydKifMuonf/ wyfOD;ESifh 'DtufpftdkwjzpfvJ toif;0ifrsm; qdk<br />

½S,fvpfygwD tEG,fa[mif;rsm;ESifh wyfOD;rSzGJU&oltcsKdUudk pk<br />

pnf;í &Jacgiftrnfjzifh 0ifa&muf ,SOfNydKifMuonf/ wuo<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif rEÅav;wuúodkvf aq;ynmr[mXmetwGuf<br />

rJyHk;oGm;a&mufxm;ay;&onf/ wuoonf rEÅav;wuúodkvf<br />

rS aq;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyK&ef jzpf<br />

onf/ xdktcsdefu wuúodkvfonf ynma&;0efBuD;Xme vuf<br />

atmufcH tzGJUtpnf;r[kwfyg/ &efukefwuúodkvfonf tpdk;&<br />

taxmuftyHh vGwfvyfaomtzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ &efukef<br />

wuúodkvf\ tjrifhqHk;tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rSm wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpDjzpfonf/ uGefjrLepfrsm;? qdk½S,fvpfrsm;? vuf0Jausmif;<br />

om;rsm;? olykefudk,fpm;vS,frsm;[k pGyfpGJtrnfwyfjcif;cH&aom<br />

wyfOD;ESifh tmPm& zqyv qdk½S,fvpfygwDrS ausmaxmuf<br />

aemufcHjyKxm;aom &JacgifwdkY\ NydKifyGJjzpfonf/ owif;pmrsm;<br />

uvnf; xdka½G;aumufyGJowif;ESifh "gwfyHkrsm;udkom tom;ay;<br />

xnfhMuonf/ uGefjrLepf olykefukd,fpm;vS,frsm;[k trnfwyf<br />

jcif;rSm wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf xda&mufaom acwfrD<br />

aom pGyfpGJcsuf r[kwfawmhyg/ a½G;aumufyGJ rJa&wGufaom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

nwGif &JacgifESifh wyfOD;&Jabmfrsm; vIHYaqmfa

534<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&ESifh ausmif;om;xkMum;½Sd wif;rmrIrsm; aysmufatmifvkyfaqmif&ef?<br />

2/ vuf½SdwuoMuD;\ tcef;u@ukd ykdrkdjrifhrm;atmifvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef?<br />

3/ wuúodkvfrSm½SdaewJh vuf½Sd ynma&;pepfBuD;[m rvdkvm;tyfwJhtwGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY wdkufwGef;<br />

aqmif½GufoGm;&ef?<br />

4/ q&m? ausmif;om; yl;wGJnDñGwfpGm vkyfaqmifoGm;a&;udka½SU½I&ef?<br />

5/ ,aeY ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&wJh tusyftwnf;trsKd;rsKd;? jyóemtrsKd;rsKd;rS vGwf<br />

ajrmufa&;udk ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;? ausmif;om;xkqE´jzifh vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhywfoufí oabmxm;rSm-<br />

]]uRefawmfwdkY wuotaeeJYawmh ausmif;om;xk tusKd;½SdrJhvkyfief;awGudk tpdk;&uvkyfvkyf? b,foluyJ<br />

vkyfvkyf axmufcHtm;ay; ulnDoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; tusKd;aus;Zl;udk xdyg;vm&if b,folr<br />

qdk ckcHumuG,foGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmf[m tpdk;&vkyfxm;wJh tvkyfwdkif;udk rsufpdrdSwfNyD; usm;usm; rD;,yfqdkwJh<br />

oabmeJY twdkuftcHrvkyfcJhovdk tpdk;&vkyfwdkif;udkvnf; ykwfoifndKvdk acgif;ndwfEdkifr,f r[kwfygbl;/ ckeuwifjycJh<br />

ovdkyJ ausmif;om;xk tusKd;½Sd? r½dSqdkwJh rSwfausmufay:rSm wifNyD;ppfaq;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tckaecgrSm uRefawmf<br />

wdkY wuo&JU tBuD;rm;qHk;qdk&r,fh qE´wcku EdkifiHawmftpdk;&eJY ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>awGMum;rSm ½SdaewJhwif;rmrIudk<br />

at;at;csrf;csrf;enf;awGeJY ajz½Sif;vdkwJh qE´jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkqE´½Sdwmudk jzpfajrmufatmif aqmif½Guf&mrSm wOD;eJYwOD;<br />

oabmxm;rSefrSefuefuefeJY ½SdzdkYtcsuffudk tkwfjrpfcs&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dtkwfjrpfcs&mrSmvnf; wOD;udkwOD;u ysufqD;ap<br />

aMumif; MuHpnfvkyfaeorQawmh t&mxifvdrfhr,f r[kwfygbl;/ qdkvdk&if;rSm wuúodkvftmPmydkifeJY tpdk;&u bmvkyf<br />

vkyf twdkuftcHvkyfrnfr[kwfbJ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ausmif;om;xktusKd;jzpfygu axmufcHívnf;<br />

aumif;? yl;aygif;ívnf;aumif; aqmif½GufoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; oabmxm;udk aMunmcJhygw,f}}<br />

tqdkygoabmxm;udk udkpdk;odef;u xkwfazmfcJhjcif;tusKd;qufrSm 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ tMuHay;t&m½Sd OD;tHk;<br />

onf &efukefwuúodkvf t*FvdyfpmXmewGif enf;jyvkyfaeaom udkatmifausmf (b0opftvGwfynmoifausmif;) rS<br />

wqifh udkpdk;odef;udkawGU&ef pum;urf;vSrf;vmonf/ xdkYaemuf OD;tHk;ESifh udkpdk;odef; awGUqHk&mwGif tusKd;qufrSSSm-<br />

(u) 0efBuD;csKyfonf uRefawmfwdkY wou trIaqmiftzGJUwzGJUvHk;udk ¤if;\½kH; tpnf;ta0;cef;odkY<br />

zdwfMum;um tpdk;&tzGJUtaejzifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf &nf½G,faqmif½Gufaeaom tcsuf<br />

rsm;udk ½Sif;jyonf/<br />

(c) jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhywfoufí awmxJrSuGefjrLepfygwD udk,fpm;vS,fa&mufaeaMumif;ESifh typf<br />

tcwf&yfpJa&;twGuf qufoG,faqG;aEG;aMumif; ½Sif;jyonf/<br />

(8) wuou OD;aqmifum wuúodkvf½Sduseftoif;tzGJUrsm;ESifh nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG;í rdrdwdkYxHwifjyvdkaom<br />

tcsufrsm;udk wifjya&;twGuf wuotoif;tzGJU udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqHkyGJvkyfvdkaMumif; ½Sif;jy<br />

onf/<br />

(C) 1957-58 ckESpf wuovIyf½Sm;rI? pwkw¦tBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;<br />

wuorS OD;aqmifí ausmif;om;rsm; ynmoifMum;rI tcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifaejcif;jzpfaom (3) cguspepfudk<br />

uefYuGufaomtaejzifh oifwef;XmetoD;oD;wGif qE´jyoydwfarSmufcJhMuonf/<br />

pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfESfh wuúodkvfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJudk wuúodkvf? aumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;í<br />

1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;wGif wuo? rwuo?<br />

Auo? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkY OD;pD;í usif;ycJh&m &efukefaq;odyÜH<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;aq;odyÜH<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>? &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? &efukefESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;tzGJU<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm; toif;tzGJU (44) zGJUwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fESifh avhvmolaygif; (126) a,muf wufa&mufMuonf/<br />

('k) ESifh (w) tBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif xkwfjyefcJhaom jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf<br />

tpdk;&ESifhawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkwdkY ESpfzufrsufESmcsif;qdkif awGUqHkajz½Sif;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;udk Nidrf;owf&ef<br />

arwåm&yfcHaom yefMum;vTmwapmif xkwfjyefonf/ ausmif;om;xktm; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; jyefvnfay;tyfa&;?<br />

EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;ya&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;topf<br />

jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;? urÇmYwif;rmrI avsmhyg;a&;twGuf tNydKiftqdkifvufeufwyfqifrIrsm;? tEkjrLvufeuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&efESifh vufeufppfonftiftm; avQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vkyfudkifaqmif<br />

½GufMu&ef arwåm&yfcHonfhh aMunmpmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefonf/<br />

odkh<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpD<br />

rS-wqifU^ ygarmu©csKyf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

aeYpGJ -11? 1? 58<br />

pmtrSwf- yc-0114^58<br />

taMumif;t&m / / pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm;<br />

ta&;,l aqmif½Gufay;yg&ef wifjyawmif;qdkjcif;/<br />

cifAsm;wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;rS<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? toif;tzGJU udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf pwkw¬tBudrf<br />

ajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk armfvNrdKifNrdKU? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf taqmuf<br />

tODü 28? 12? 57 &ufaeYrS 29? 12? 57 &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJü wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyf<br />

toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;b0 tajctaersm;? cHpm;csufrsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfaqG;aEG;cJhygonf/<br />

xdkaqG;aEG;yGJrS yl;wGJazmfjyyg wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;twGuf vdktyfaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjyaqG;<br />

aEG;um wnDñGwfwnf; twnfjyKcJhygonf/ odkYygí xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mrS tjrefqHk;ta&;,l<br />

aqmif½Gufay;yg&ef av;eufpGmarwåm&yfcH wifjyawmif;qdktyfygonf/<br />

qHk;jzwfcsuft&<br />

av;pmpGmjzifh<br />

(cifarmiftkef;)<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo)<br />

pwkw¦tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;ü<br />

&efukefwuúodkvftwGuf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS<br />

wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm;<br />

1/ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&;<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yay;&ef (EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf<br />

wuo\ wifjycsufudk yl;wGJay;ydkUvdkufygonf/)<br />

2/ (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

(c) ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfr½SifrS a&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pDrHudef; topfay:rvmrDtwGif; (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf<br />

pepftm; avmavmq,f zsufodrf;xm;&ef?<br />

3/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;wGif ynma&;qdkif&m EdkifiHjcm;tultnD vufcH&mü oufqdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

rsm;odkY BudKwiftoday;í n§dEIdif;aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

4/ Armjynfü oifhawmfaom NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif Oyrm- ykodrf? ½Srf;jynfwdkYwGif Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfay;<br />

&efESifh ,ckzGifhvSpfNyD;aom aumvdyfrsm;? Oyrm- ausmufjzL ponfwdkYudk acwfrDaomtaqmuftODESifh<br />

oufqdkif&mypönf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

5/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;twGuf oHk;pGJaiGudk tvHktavmuf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?<br />

6/ &yfqdkif;xm;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk tjrefjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef?<br />

535

536<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

7/ pmoifcef;rsm; rvHkavmufrIwdkYudk tjrefqHk;ajz½Sif;ay;&ef?<br />

8/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;½Sd Xmetvdkuf qdkif&mpmMunfhwdkufrsm;twGuf wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfí vdktyfaom<br />

pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (c) 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkrsm;<br />

9/ Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; zsufodrf;xm;jcif;udk ½kyfodrf;í jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

10/ zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwfí ausmif;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk;<br />

ausmif;0ifcGifhESifh pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh jyK&ef?<br />

11/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfwdkif;wGif atmufwdkbmausmif; wvydwfay;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;tqdk<br />

12/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfwGif aq;½kHwckpDxm;½dSí vHkavmufaom ypönf;u&d,mESifh q&m0efrsm;<br />

cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

13/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGuf ae&yfXmeodkYjyefaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u _<br />

___________/<br />

tydkif; (C) taxGaxGtqdkrsm;<br />

14/ wuúodkvfwGif q&mrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfaeaom tcsdefjzpfojzifh touf (60) ausmfNyD;aom q&mrsm;<br />

qufvuf trIxrf;EdkifpGrf;½Sdygu tNidrf;pm;ray;bJ qufvufcefYxm;&ef?<br />

15/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif bmom&yfqdkif&mrsm;ü vG,fulpGm 0,f,lEdkifaom pmtkyfrsm;udkom jy|mef;&efESifh<br />

pmtkyfrsm; aps;EIef;BuD;jcif;udk oufomacsmifcsdpGmjzifh 0,f,lEdkif&ef oufqdkif&mwdkYu aqmif½Gufay;&ef?<br />

16/ aeYausmif;om;^olrsm;em;aecef; (G.C.R) ESifh (L.C.R) rsm;udk o[m,ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;uJhodkY ausmif;om;<br />

OD;a&ESifhtnD jynfhpHkvHkavmufaom taqmuftODypönf;rsm; wyfqifxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

17/ aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;toHk;jyKaom-<br />

(u) aomufa&ydkufrsm;ysufpD;aeí a&rsm;roefY½Sif;jcif;?<br />

(c) tdrfomrsm;ydwfqdkYaejcif;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyifqifay;&efESifh vHkavmufpGmxm; ½Sday;&ef?<br />

18/ ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; umuG,fa&;twGufudk tcsdeftcgtvdkuf umuG,faq;xdk;ay;&ef?<br />

19/ aeYausmif;om;^olrsm; toGm;tvmvG,fulap&ef oufqdkif&mwdkYu o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef/<br />

&efukefaq;odyÜHtwGuf &efukefaq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

tydkif; (u) t"duawmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

1/ aq;odyÜH oD;jcm;aumvdyf jzpfajrmuf&ef?<br />

2/ aq;odyÜH (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk y,fzsufay;&ef?<br />

3/ ynma&;zufqdkif&m q&mBuD;rsm;u ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJí (Medical Seminar) jyKvkyf<br />

ay;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (c) taxGaxGawmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

1/ axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk topfxyfrHxkwfay;jcif;ESifh &½SdNyD;aom axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk vpOfrSefrSef<br />

xkwfay;&ef axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vpOf&aiG 60d^- xufydkrdk½Sd&ef?<br />

2/ trdefYusNyD;aom ausmif;aqmiftwGuf tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfí aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

3/ aq;odyÜHpmMunfhwdkuf tjrefqHk;wdk;csJUay;&ef?<br />

4/ aq;odyÜHtaqmuftODudk vuf½Sdausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh nDrQatmifaqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

5/ vuf½Sdausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh udkufnDrnfh q&mOD;a&&½Sd&ef? q&mrsm; xyfrHwdk;csJUcefYxm;&ef?<br />

6/ aq;ynmwdk;wufrItwGuf aq;odyÜHqdkif&m vufawGUoifMum;rIaq;½Hk (Teaching Hospital) tjzpf<br />

ajymif;vJay;&ef?

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

7/ aq;odyÜHvufawGUcef;rü ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sd&ef/<br />

rEåav;aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJtwGuf rEåav;aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wifjyaqG;aEG;cJUaom<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

1/ ausmif;aqmifrsm; (3) xyfaqmif? vl (250) cefY ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf (1) aqmifESifh ausmif;olrsm;<br />

twGuf (1) aqmif tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;yg&ef (,cktcgwGif ausmif;olrsm;rSm pmoifcef;wGif aexdkif<br />

Mu&ygonf/)<br />

2/ XmetoD;oD;rS vdktyfaeaom q&mrsm;cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

3/ axmufyHhaMu; wu,fvdktyfaeonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef?<br />

4/ aq;odyÜH (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

5/ 1953-54 ckESpf aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJ pwifzGifhvSpfonfrSpí wcgrQr&ao;aom upm;aMu;? pmMunfhwdkuf<br />

aMu;? aq;0g;ukoaMu;rsm;udk tm;vHk;ESpfrsm;twGuf tjrefxkwfay;&ef?<br />

6/ wuúodkvfwGif½Sdaeaom (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

7/ rEÅav; oD;jcm;wuúodkvf jzpfajrmufaomtcg rdrdESpfoufaom wuúodkvfrsm;wGif a½G;cs,f oifMum;Edkif&efESifh<br />

rdrdESpfoufaom aq;odyÜHrsm;wGifoifMum;&ef?<br />

8/ rw&m;csKyfcs,fxm;aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

9/ aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJ (rEÅav;) taqmuftODonf aumvdyft*FgESifh rnDñGwfaomaMumifh taqmuftODopf<br />

aqmufvkyf tpm;xdk;ay;&ef/<br />

xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf xD;wef;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;<br />

aehausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;wdkh wifjyaqG;aEG; twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

1/ xD;wef;aumvdyfudk tqifhtwef;rDaom aumvdyfwcktjzpf wkd;csJUjyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD q&m? q&mrrsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

3/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?<br />

4/ wuúodkvf½Sd bmom&yfwdkif;udk jzpfEdkifvQif Oypmwef;rSpí oifMum;cGifhay;&ef?<br />

5/ oufqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljyKrnfhynm&yfrsm;udk qnf;yl;Edkif&eftwGuf<br />

(u) a'oEÅ&A[kokw½SmazGa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmif½Gufay;&ef?<br />

(c) okawoe (Research Dep:) zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

6/ pmMunfhwdkufwck zGifhvSpfay;&efESifh pmMunfhwdkufwGif ausmif;oHk;jy|mef;onfh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfpHk<br />

vHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

7/ ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;onfhpmtkyfrsm;udk<br />

(u) aps;EIef;csdKompGmjzifh&½Sd&ef oufqdkif&mrSaqmif½Gufay;&ef?<br />

(c) 0,fr&aom pmtkyfrsm;udk rjy|mef;&ef?<br />

8/ ausmif;om; (100) xuf ausmfvGefaom pmoifcef;rsm;wGif toHcsJUpufwyfqifay;&ef?<br />

9/ wuúodkvfwGif ,ck½Sdaom (Combination) rsm;tjyif tydkbmomw&yf oif,lcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

10/ Ak'¨usrf;pm *kPfxl;wef; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

11/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef?<br />

12/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u BuD;rSL;í ]ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;} twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wck tjrefqHk;usif;y&ef/<br />

tydkif; (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;<br />

13/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

14/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) vydwfay;&ef?<br />

15/ <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; tjrefqHk;jyefvnf zGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef? zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm; tjrefqHk;jyefvnf vTwfay;&ef?<br />

16/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm; xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

17/ aq;0g;ypönf;rsm;ESifh acwfrDprf;oyfu&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

537

538<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

18/ ausmif;om;^olwdkif; tcrJhaq;xdk;cGifh&½Sd&ef?<br />

19/ ausmif;om;^olwdkif;tm; ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;rS umuG,fay;aomaq;rsm;udk tcsdeftcg vdkufí<br />

vdktyfovdkxdk;ay;&ef?<br />

20/ oD;jcm;aq;½Hkwck wnfaqmufay;&ef/<br />

&efuif;aumvdyftwGuf &efuif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;? &efuif;aehausmif;ol^om;toif;wdkhrS<br />

wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm;<br />

1/ &efuif;aumvdyftm; aumvdyftqifhtwef;rDaom oD;jcm;aumvdyftjzpf wdk;csJUay;&ef?<br />

2/ q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm; vufawGUprf;oyfaomu&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½dSay;&ef?<br />

3/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpHk½Sdonfh pmMunfhwdkufwck xm;ay;&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf cefYxm;&ef?<br />

5/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;aiGESifh ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk ydkrdkwdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?<br />

6/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGm rcefYxm;Edkifao;rD tcsdeftwGif; pmoifcef;wdkif;wGif<br />

ausmif;om; (100) xuf renf;½Sdu toHcsJUpufrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

7/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u BuD;rSL;usif;yí ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fonfh aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wck tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (c) usef;rma&;tqdkrsm;<br />

8/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifwGif aq;ay;cef;wck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh tcsdefjynfhq&m0ef wa,muf<br />

xm;ay;&ef?<br />

9/ &efuif;aumvdyfoGm;vrf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmiftwGif;½Sd vrf;rsm;udk ½TGHUAGufa&tdkifrsm; r½Sdap&eftwGuf<br />

tjrefjyKjyifay;&ef?<br />

10/ ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; jzpfyGm;Edkifaom tcsdefumvrsm;wGif &efuif;aumvdyf aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;udk<br />

vnf; ausmif;aqmifaeolrsm;uJhodkY umuG,faq;xdk;ay;&ef?<br />

11/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifteD;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tzdkY tusifhpm&dwå xdcdkufaprnfhtrIudpörsm;udk z,f½Sm;ay;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

12/ ausmif;om;^olrsm;twGuf em;aecef;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD wdk;csJUay;&efESifh yefum? a&'D,dk?<br />

rD;vHk;rsm; wyfqifxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

13/ &efuif;aumvdyf½Sd pm;aomufqdkifwGif pepfwusESifhoefY½Sif;pGm pDrHay;&efESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf pm;<br />

aomufcef; oD;oefYxm;½Sday;&efudk jzpfEdkifonfenf;ESifh tjrefqHk;pDrHay;&ef?<br />

14/ aumvdyf½Sd aeYpOftoHk;jyKaom aomufa&twGuf a&ydkufrsm; ydkrdkkwyfqifay;&ef?<br />

15/ aeYausmif;ol^om; oGm;vmrIvG,fulap&ef ausmif;um;rsm;pDpOfay;&ef?<br />

16/ ausmif;wGif vQyfppfacgif;avmif;rsm; xm;½Sday;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (C) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdkrsm;<br />

17/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ypf&ef?<br />

18/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk cgwdkif;uJhodkY (1) vydwf&ef?<br />

19/ ArmwjynfvHk;wGif zsufodrf;cHxm;&aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhay;&ef?<br />

20/ ArmwjynfvHk;wGif zrf;qD;cHae&aomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefvTwf&ef?<br />

21/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu; ydkrdkoHk;pGJ&ef/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyftwGuf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm;<br />

1/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfudk 'D*&DaumvdyftjzpfodkY (1958-59) ckESpftwGif; wdk;jr§ifhzGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

2/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfrS oifMum;ydkYcsaom bmom&yftm;vHk;udk oifMum;ydkYcsay;&ef<br />

(Oyrm- jyifopf? *smref? Ak'¨bmom)<br />

3/ avmu"gwfbmom&yfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí vufawGUprf;oyfonfh ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk jynfpHkvHkavmufpGm<br />

xm;½Sday;&efESifh ausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

4/ aumvdyfwGif oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeonfh bmom&yfrsm;ESifhqdkifaom pmMunfhwdkufwckudk pmtkyfrsm;jynfhpHkvHk<br />

avmufpGmjzifh zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

5/ ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf q&mrsm;cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

6/ 0gPdZÆaA'XmewGif enf;jyq&mr½Sdonfjzpfí q&mwa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

7/ t*FvdyfpmXmewGif vufaxmufuxdu q&mwOD; xyfrHcefYxm;&ef?<br />

8/ ½ku©aA'XmewGif enf;jyq&mr½Sdonfjzpfí q&mwa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

9/ ,ckaqmufvkyfqJ aumvdyfausmif;opfBuD;udk tjrefqHk;NyD;pD;atmif aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh vmrnfhESpf<br />

ZGefvwGif ajymif;a½TUzGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

10/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwdkif;wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwdkY\ bmompmayudk oifMum;ydkYcsaomXmersm; zGifhvSpf<br />

ay;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdkrsm;<br />

11/ jynfe,ftvdkufay;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf ESpfpOfwdk;jr§ifhay;&efESifh oufqdkif&m<br />

odkY awmif;qdkay;&ef?<br />

12/ aumvdyfa&muf ytdk0fhausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef?<br />

13/ rGefausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef?<br />

14/ jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif zsufodrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef?<br />

15/ jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;^olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwfay;&ef?<br />

16/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

17/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk ,cifuJhodkY (1) vydwfay;&ef?<br />

18/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ,cifuJhodkY rD; (24) em&Day;&ef?<br />

19/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;udk tvHktavmuf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef?<br />

20/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfodkY tjcm;wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfrsm;rS cdkifvHkpGmaom ausmif;ajymif;vufrSwfjzifh<br />

ajymif;a½TUvmaom ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tm; armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfwGif >cif;csufr½Sd vufcH&ef?<br />

21/ ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;ol^om;vufrSwfa&;xdk;&aom uwd0efcHcsufrsm;udk ,cifESpfrsm;uJhodkY ESpfpOf<br />

ESpfwdkif; y,fzsufay;&ef?<br />

22/ &efukefwuúodkvfrSmuJhodkY ausmif;aqmifwaqmifwGif owif;pm (6) apmifESifh tjcm;upm;ckefpm;ypönf;rsm;<br />

jynfhpHkpGm xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

23/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifh<br />

jyK&ef?<br />

24/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef/<br />

tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

25/ aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmifESifh a,mufsm;av;ausmif;aqmifrsm;udk<br />

tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

26/ aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl pmMunfhwdkufwck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

27/ aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl pmwdkufwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

539

540<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

28/ &yfpJxm;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfxkwfay;&ef?<br />

29/ ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;xm;aom pmtkyfrsm;udk aps;EIef;csKdompGmESifh 0,f,l&½Sda&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS<br />

aqmif½Gufay;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (C) usef;rma&;<br />

30/ ynmoifMum;aeaom ausmif;om;^olrsm;tm; &moDtvdkuf umuG,faq;rsm; tcrJhxdk;ay;&ef?<br />

31/ aumvdyfausmif;opfBuD;ESifhtwl ausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;aq;½Hkwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

23/ rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmiftwGuf q&m0efrwOD;udk oD;oefYcefYxm;&ef/<br />

tydkif; (i) upm;ckefpm;ESifUtm;upm;a&;<br />

33/ t&nftcsif;jynfh tm;upm;ESifh upm;ckefpm;q&mwOD; oD;oefYxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

34/ upm;ckefpm;a&;bufwGif vdktyfaomypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

35/ tm;upm;½Hkwck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef/<br />

rauG;OypmaumvdyftwGuf rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wifjyaqG;aEG;? twnfjyKcJUaom<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

1/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk y,fzsufay;&ef?<br />

2/ 65% ausmif;ac:csdefpepfudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef?<br />

3/ axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef?<br />

4/ rw&m;zsufodrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhay;&ef?<br />

5/ rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif jynfhpHkvHkavmufaom yd#uwfwdkufwckxm;ay;&ef?<br />

6/ pmoifcef;rsm;wGif rD;ESifhyefumrsm; wyfqifay;&ef?<br />

7/ ausmif;ol^om;rsm; em;ae&eftaqmifwdkYwGif ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

8/ tm;upm;½Hkwck aqmufvkyfNyD; ypönf;rsm; tvHktavmufxm;ay;&ef?<br />

9/ rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif &oifh&xdkufaom bmom&yfrsm; pHkvifpGmxm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

10/ bmom&yftvdkuf q&m? q&mrrsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef? ¤if;wdkYudkvnf; tcsdefrDapvTwf cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

11/ bmom&yfqdkif&m ypönf;toHk;taqmif pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tvHktavmufxm;ay;&ef?<br />

12/ aemufxyf trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

13/ trsKd;orD; ausmif;aqmifwckudkvnf; tjrefqHk;aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

14/ ½SdNyD;jzpfaom trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifudkvnf; tqifhtwef;rDatmif jyKjyifay;&ef/<br />

(Oyrm- pmtkyfpif? a&csKd;cef;? tdrfomESifh wa,mufwcef;us ae&mcsxm;ay;&ef)<br />

ausmufjzLaumvdyf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

1/ ausmufjzLaumvdyfudk tqiftwef;rDí jynfhpHkaom OypmaumvdyftjzpfodkY wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

2/ ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf acwfrDaomausmif;aqmifrsm; vHkavmufpGm ay;&ef?<br />

3/ odyÜHynmrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom ypönf;ud&d,m wefqmyvmrsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

4/ t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

5/ ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ynmoifMum;vdkaom ausmif;om;^olrsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef/<br />

rEåav;wuúokdvftwGuf rEåav;wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wifjyaqG;aEG;? twnfjyKcJhaom<br />

awmif;qkdcsufrsm;<br />

ynmoifMum;a&;tqkdrsm;<br />

1/ jrefrmpmayXmewGif uxdu (2) OD; wkd;í cefYxm;ay;&efESifh *kPfxl;wef; xm;ay;&ef?<br />

2/ t*FvdyfpmayXmewGif uxdu (1) a,mufESifh vufaxmufuxdu (2) a,muf? enf;jyq&m (5) a,muf<br />

wkd;í cefYxm;ay;&ef?

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

3/ pdwfynmXmewGif uxdu (2) OD;ESifh enf;jyq&m (1) OD; xyfrH cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

4/ wuúaA'XmeESifh tbd"r®mXmewGif uxdu (2) OD;ESifh enf;jyq&m (3) OD; xyfrH cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

5/ blrdaA'XmewGif uxdu (2) a,mufESifh vufaxmufuxdu (4) a,muf wkd;ícefYxm;ay;&efESifh *kPfxl;<br />

wef; xm;ay;&ef? jywdkufrS ypönf;rsm; iSm;,lavhvmcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

6/ ygPaA'XmewGif Oypm (c) ykdif;ESifh odyÜHwef;rsm;twGuf vufawGUprf;oyf&mwGif ig;? ,kef ponfhrsm;ukd<br />

tenf;qkH; (3) Mudrftxd avhvmcGifh&&ef?<br />

7/ &mZ0ifXmewGif uxdu (2) OD; xm;½Sday;&ef?<br />

8/ ocFsm*kPfxl;wef; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

9/ bDtufpD (tyvdkif;) "gwkaA'wGif uxdu (2) OD; xyfrHcefYxm;&ef?<br />

10/ Xmetvdkuf qdkif&mpmMunfhwdkufrsm;xm;ay;&efESifh Xmevdkufqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkpGm xm;ay;&ef?<br />

11/ oifcef;pm,l&eftwGuf tcef; (40) ygaom ausmif;aqmifBuD;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

12/ abm*aA'ESifh 0gPdZÆaA'Xme,lí oD;jcm;Xme wckpD zGifhvSpfay;&efESifh xdkXmersm;wGif uxdu (2) OD;pD<br />

xyfrHcefY xm;ay;&ef?<br />

13/ r[m0dZÆmESifh r[mynmXme? Oya'r[mXmersm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

14/ oD;jcm;wuúodkvf *kPft*Fg&yfESifh udkufnDaom tqifhrDoifMum;rIqdkif&m ypönf;rsm;ESifh q&mrsm; xm;½Sday;<br />

&ef?<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;<br />

1/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;xk qE´rygaom Oya'rsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&efESifh xyfrHrjy|mef;a&;?<br />

3/ ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;wnf½SdcGifhay;a&;?<br />

4/ zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rn§Of;yef;&efESifh tjrefqHk;vTwfay;&ef?<br />

5/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) vydwfay;&ef?<br />

6/ armifatmifarmif;udpöudk w&m;ojzifh qdkif&mrS tjrefqHk;ta&;,l aqmif½Guf&ef/<br />

ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifU<br />

1/ ynmoifMum;rIESifhtkyfcsKyfrIwGif jyifyrS0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rjyK&ef?<br />

usef;rma&;<br />

1/ wuúodkvfaq;½Hkwck jzpfajrmuf&ef <strong>or*¾</strong>rS BudK;pm;aeonfudk tpdk;&rS tultnDay;&ef? ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh<br />

nDrQaom q&m0ef? olemjyKrsm;cefYxm;&ef? rNyD;pD;rDumvtwGif; vuf½Sdaq;ay;cef;udk wdk;csJUvsuf q&mr<br />

wOD; xyfrHcefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

2/ wuúodkvfe,fajroefY½Sif;a&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;& usef;rma&;XmerS tenf;qHk;wv (1) Budrf vm<br />

a&muf ppfaq;rIjyKay;&efESifh ausmif;rSowfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif; wywfwBudrf xufrenf; aq;t&m½Sd<br />

vma&muf ppfaq;&ef?<br />

3/ ausmif;om;rsm; pm;aomufa&;wGif oefY½Sif;rItwGuf wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUrS aqmif½Guf ppfaq;ay;&ef<br />

4/ ausmuf? ykvdyf? wdkufzdGKufa&m*grsm; umuG,fa&;twGuf aq;rsm;udk ESpfpOftcsdefrD BudKwifxdk;ay;&ef/<br />

upm;ckefpm;<br />

1/ ausmif;om;^olrsm;twGuf acwfrDaom oD;oefYtm;upm;½Hk wckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

2/ aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf acwfrDaom tyef;ajz&dyfomwckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

3/ upm;ckefpm;ESifhqdkif&m oD;oefYt&m½SdwOD; tjrefqHk;cefYxm;ay;&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;ESifh q&mOD;a& tnDtrQyg0ifaom upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwck zGJUpnf;ay;vsuf upm;ckefpm;rI<br />

qdkif&mrsm;udk BuD;Muyfvkyfaqmifay;&ef?<br />

5/ acwfrDa&ul;uef (1) ck aqmufvkyfay;&ef/<br />

541

542<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

1/ ausmif;om;rsm; c&D;oGm;vma&;twGuf oufqdkif&mXmersm;rS w0ufcavQmhEIef;ay;&ef?<br />

2/ wuúodkvfwGif oD;jcm;pmwdkuf (1) ck zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

3/ wuúodkvf axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udkqufvufay;&ef/<br />

taxGaxGvdktyfcsufrsm;<br />

1/ wuúodkvfA[dk ausmif;aqmifBuD;atmufrS tpdk;&pdkufysKd;a&;½Hk;rsm; tjrefqHk;a½TUay;&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? trIaqmifrsm;yg0ifaom ausmif;<br />

aqmif tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUay;&ef?<br />

3/ wuúodkvf0if;twGif; vrf;rsm;jyKjyifay;&efESifh vQyfppfrD;vHk;rsm;xGef;n§day;&ef?<br />

4/ Assembly Hall BuD;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

5/ usef;rma&;ESifh udkufnDaom trsKd;orD;? trsKd;om; abmf'gaqmifrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

6/ Social Science/ International Relation/ Statistic tp½Sdaom bmom&yfrsm; qdkif&mXmersm; wdk;csJU<br />

zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

7/ csif;wGif;aumvdyf tjrefqHk; zGifhvSpfay;&ef/<br />

(i) rEåav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfBuD;udk oD;jcm;wuúodkvfBuD; jzpfajrmufvm&ef q&mr? q&m? rdbjynfol? ausmif;ol^om;<br />

rsm; qE´½Sdí qE´jycJhMuygonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onfvnf; twuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

aqG;aEG;&m q&mrsm;uvnf; wwfEdkifaomtajctaer½Sdí avmavmq,f ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;udpöudkom pOf;pm;<br />

aqG;aEG;Muonf/ taqmifrSL; (4) OD;? aiGwdkufpdk;? 0if;rSL;ESifh wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;aygif; (8) OD;yg0ifaom<br />

,m,D ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDw&yfudk trsm;oabmwl zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ q&mBuD;OD;oef;xGef;u Ouú|? rwuo<br />

udk,fpm;vS,fu twGif;a&;rSL; tjzpfaqmif½GufcJhavonf/<br />

(p) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf yÍörtBudrfajrmuf jynfvHk;uRwfnDvmcHBuD;rS<br />

qHk;jzwftwnfjyK awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

ynma&;tqdkrsm;<br />

1/ ,aeYvuf½Sd (18) odef;eD;yg; ½Sdaomausmif;om;OD;a&twGuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk 20% xufrenf;<br />

wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJí ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGmay;&efESifh<br />

toufarG; 0rf;aMumif; ynm&yfrsm;udk ausmif;wdkif;wGif oifMum;ay;&ef?<br />

2/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aomNrdKUrsm;ESifh r½Sdrjzpfaom NrdKUrsm;wGif Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wnfaxmif<br />

ay;&ef? jyXmef;csufrsm; tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfí ½Srf;jynfwGif Oypmaumvdyf (1) ck zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;ud&d,m? q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGmxm;í bmompHkoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef?<br />

3/ ausmif;rsm;wGif trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&;? trsKd;om;pm&dwåESifh trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk qefYusifaom ausmif;oHk;<br />

pmtkyfrsm; rjy|mef;&ef? (Oyrm-jynfaxmifpkyef;wdkifESifh vlxkatmfoHuJhodkYaom pmtkyfrsm;)<br />

4/ (3) wef;rSpí acwfrDenf;pepfjzifh t*Fvdyfbmomoif&efESifh oif½dk;oifwef; tqifhtwef;ESifh udkufnDaom<br />

pmtkyfrsm;udk ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;&ef? (Oyrm- wuúodkvf0ifoifwef;rS t*Fvdyfpmtkyf --- aysmuf)<br />

5/ ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;jr§ifhcefYxm;ay;&ef? usef;rma&;tajctaeaMumifh tvkyfrScGifh,l<br />

&aom q&m? q&mrrsm;udk vpmtjynfhESifh vHkavmufaom cGifh&ufrsm;ay;&efESifh vpmwdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

6/ ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;cefYtyf&mwGif oufqdkif&m t&nftcsif;ppfaq;rIrsm;rSty jynfxJa&;XmeESifh<br />

EdkifiHa&;ygwD toif;tzGJUrsm;rS 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyK&ef?<br />

7/ ynma&;Xme vGwfvyfcGifhudk rpGufzuf&efESifh ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;tm; ynmoifMum;a&; wm0efrSwyg;<br />

tjcm;rnfonhf vkyfief;udkrQ tpdk;&tmPmjzifh apcdkif;jcif; rjyKvkyf&ef? (Oyrm- q&mrsm;tm; tpdk;&OD;pD;aom<br />

tiftm;jyyGJ tcrf;tem;rsm;odkY wufa&mufapjcif;ESifh ausmif;om;ta&;wGif pGufzufapjcif;)<br />

8/ ausmif;q&mrsm;tm; ausmif;zGifh&uftwGif; ajymif;a½TUojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; pmoifysufapaomaMumifh<br />

aEG&moDrSom ajymif;a½TUjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?<br />

9/ EdkifiHawmf pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;½Sdaom jrpfi,f? a&eHacsmif;? acsmufNrdKUrsm;wGif pufrIvufrIynmoifausmif;<br />

rsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef?<br />

10/ ausmif;wGifjy|mef;xm;aom pmtkyfrsm;udk tcrJhvHkavmufpGm iSm;&rf;&efESifh jyeftyf&mwGif rw&m;avsmfaMu;<br />

rawmif;&ef?<br />

11/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwGif t*Fvdyfwbmomwnf; us½IH;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jrefrm (10) wef;atmif<br />

vufrSwfxkwfay;&ef?<br />

12/ wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJaMu;rsm;udk 15d^- rS 10d^- odkYavQmhcsay;&ef?<br />

13/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; usef;rma&;twGuf tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif;wGif pma&;ud&d,mrsm;? upm;uGif;rsm;?<br />

upm;½Hkrsm;ESifh um,ynmq&m? q&mrrsm;udk vHkavmufpGmcefYxm;ay;&efESifh ausmif;aq;ay;cef;rsm;?<br />

aq;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfay;&ef?<br />

14/ avmavmq,foHk;rjzpfatmif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom ausmif;rsm;tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef/<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;tqdk<br />

1/ (u) &uf (30) twGif; <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;zsufodrf;&rnf [laom ynma&;XmetrdefYudk jyif;xefpGm ½IwfcsaMumif;<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

2/ wjynfvHk;wGif wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk wnfaqmuf&efESifh ausmif;om; opömazmufrsm;udk<br />

543

544<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ausmif;om;avmuwGif 0dkif;y,fxm;&ef?<br />

3/ txufwef;ausmif;½Sd NrdKUwdkif;wGif wuúodkvf0ifpmppfXmersm; zGifhvSpfxm;½Sd&ef?<br />

4/ rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf&efESifh aemufxyfzrf;qD;jcif; rjyKvkyf&ef?<br />

5/ vuf½Sdausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&wif;rmrIrsm;udk toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?<br />

tmPmydkifrsm; yg0ifí at;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;&ef?<br />

6/ (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaMumif;?<br />

(c) pmar;yGJcsausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaMumif;?<br />

7/ rw&m;Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&efESifh rw&m;aom taMumif;jycsufESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefoGif;&efESifh aemufaemif þodkYrjyKusifh&ef?<br />

8/ ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ jyKvkyfxm;onfh zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;jzpfaom rw&m;ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; zsufodrf;<br />

ay;&efESifh ausmif;om;xkqE´ESifh udkufnDonfh pnf;urf;rsm; owfrSwfay;&ef?<br />

9/ ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; rdb&yfxHjyefvdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; enf;wl tpdk;&<br />

ydkif ,mOf? &xm; ponfrsm;wGif toGm;tjyefw0ufc &½Sd&ef?<br />

10/ [,f&DwefusqHk;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh tpD&iffcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY tjrefqHk; azmfxkwfwifjy&efESifh w&m;cH<br />

rsm;tm; tjypfay;&ef?<br />

11/ ausmif;oHk;ypönf;rsm; aps;EIef;oufompGmESifh oufqdkif&mwdkYu wm0ef,ljzefYcsday;&ef?<br />

12/ w&m;ojzifh wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk 0ifa&muf aESmifh,SufzsufpD;jcif; rjyK&ef?<br />

vGwfvyfpGmzGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcGifh ay;&efESifh w&m;ojzifhawmif;qdkaom ausmif;om;qEúdk todtrSwfjyKí<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef?<br />

13/ ynma&;qdkif&mvGwfvyfcGifh rcsKyfcs,f&ef?<br />

14/ wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk owfrSwfxm;aom toufjynfholwdkif;tm; rnfolrqdk tuefYtowfr½Sd 0ifa&muf<br />

ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef/<br />

(3) trsKd;om;a&;tqdkrsm;<br />

1/ jynfwGif;ppfudk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh &yfpJ&ef yefMum;aMumif;?<br />

2/ BuD;rm;aeaom ukefaps;EIef;rsm; csay;&efESifh vGwfvyfpGm ukeful;oef;cGifh rydwfyif&ef?<br />

3/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;ü rw&m;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fonfh Oya'rsm;udk tjrefqHk;½kyfodrf;&efESifh 'Drdkua&pD<br />

tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jyefvnfay;tyf&ef?<br />

4/ t*Fvdyf? tar&duefvuf0g;BuD;tkyf t&if;½Sifpepfzsufodrf;í trsKd;om; tusKd;pD;yGm;wnfaxmif&ef<br />

5/ trsKd;om; jynfolvlxk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;jzifh e,fcsJUorm;tpdk;&wdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;? ppfa&;?<br />

zdESdyfusL;ausmfrIwdkYudk [efYwm;um wm;qD;Mu&ef?<br />

6/ (u) urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,f&ef?<br />

(c) tEkjrL? [dkuf'½dk*sifAHk;ESifh EsL;uvD;,m;AHk;rsm;? tqdyfydk;rTm;AHk;rsm; prf;oyfjcif;rsm;? toHk;jyKjcif;rsm;udk<br />

wm;qD;ydwfyif&efESifh vufeufavQmhaygha&;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef?<br />

7/ udkvdkeDpepf qefYusifwdkufzsuf&ef?<br />

8/ jrefrm-tpöa&;pmcsKyft& ½Srf;jynfwGif qefpyg;pdkufysKd;vkyfudkif&ef MuH½G,fcsufudk uefYuGufaMumif;?<br />

9/ tm½S-tmz&du nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;?<br />

10/ (6) Budrfajrmuf urÇmhvli,fausmif;om;yGJobifBuD;tm; BudKqdkaxmufcHaMumif;ESifh ArmjynfrS wufa&muf<br />

rnfh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUtm; EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm; xkwfay;&ef?<br />

11/ puFmyl? rav;½Sm;? qdkufy&yf? t,f*sD;,m;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh ¤if;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; e,fcsJU t&if;½Siftpdk;&rsm;u<br />

zdESdyfowfjzwf n§Of;yef;jcif;udk jyif;xefpGm ½IwfcsuefYuGufí þtjyKtrlrsm;udk tjrefqHk;&yfpJ&ef/<br />

(4) taxGaxGtqdk<br />

1/ {&m0wDwdkif;? ½Srf;jynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;nDvmcHBuD;ESifh &efukefc½dkif? jynfc½dkif? zsmyHkc½dkif? rHk½Gmc½dkif<br />

ausmif;om;nDvmcHrsm;rS tqdkrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;?

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

2/ tvGwfynmoifausmif;q&mrsm; nDvmcHrS qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;/<br />

(5) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;tqdk<br />

ausmif;om;r*¾rsm; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;twGuf wyfOD;? 'Dtufpftdk?<br />

&Jacgifpaom rnfonfh ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhrqdk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef/<br />

1958 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (15) &ufaeYpGJjzifhvnf; ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyfrS zsufodrf;jcif;<br />

cH&jcif;ESifh ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&aom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí aMunmcsufwapmif xkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf (3^58)<br />

14? 7? 58 aeYpGJjzifh ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

xkwfjyef aMunmcsufwapmifudk owif;pmwGif awGU½Sd&ayonf/<br />

¤if;xkwfjyefaMunmcsufwGif 1956 ck ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ta&;ü ausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;tm; csrf;omcGifhay;í ausmif;jyefaecGifhay;rnf[laom tcsufrsm;\ tESpfom&rSm ausmif;om;rsm;onf<br />

,cifvkyfcJhorQ vkyfief;rsm;wGif rSm;,Gif;cJhygonf? tjypf½SdcJhygonf/ xdkrSm;,Gif; tjypf½SdcJhorQtwGuf 0efcsawmif;<br />

yefygonf[laom t"dyÜg,fESifh aemufaemifwGif rnfonfhvkyfief; vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;udkrS rjyKvkyfawmhyg[k uwd0efcHcsuf<br />

ay;&rnfh t"dyÜg,foabmrsm;yg½Sd aeygonf/ AuotzGJUcsKyfoabmrSm 1956 ckESpf <strong>or*¾</strong>udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u<br />

rw&m;zsufodrf;cJh&mwGif ausmif;om;xku rdrdtm;udk;&m trd<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;twGuf Oya'twGif;rS 'Drdkua&pDuspGmjzifh<br />

vIyf½Sm;umuG,fMujcif;jzpf&m EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'rS ay;tyfaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonfh<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>xlaxmifcGifhudk ½dkufcsKd;zsufqD;½HkrubJ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;&,lvdkonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;<br />

xkwfjcif;? zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;jzifh rw&m;zdESdyfjcif;udkyif tmPmydkifrsm;ujyKusifhcJhjcif;? usL;vGefcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

xdkuJhodkY tmPmydkifrsm;u usL;vGefrSm;,Gif;cJhaom 'Drdkua&pDcsKd;zsufrItjypfrsm;udk rdrdwdkYuwm0efr,lbJ ausmif;<br />

om;tay:odkY yHkcsjcif;rSm rvkyfxdkufaom jyKrlcsufjzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xkrSm -<br />

1/ rdrdwdkYw&m;0if tm;udk;&m<strong>or*¾</strong>udkvnf; rw&m;zsufqD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/<br />

2/ vlñGefYwHk;atmif ausmif;rSxkwfy,fjcif;udkvnf; cHcJh&onf/<br />

3/ ,ckwzef tjypfr½SdtrSm;rusL;vGefcJhygbJeJY 0efcsawmif;yefOD;rnfqdkvQif rnfrQxdepfemaernfudk<br />

rdbjynfolrsm;u pOf;pm;apcsifygonf/<br />

xdkaMumifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;tm;<br />

wifjyvkdonfrSm tedrfhqHk;tjzpf wlnDxm;onhf atmufygrlrsm;twdkif; vkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfonf/<br />

1/ atmufü vufrSwfa&;xdk;ol wynfhrsm;onf q&m^rrsm;ESifh a½S;tcgu ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

y#dyu©jzpfcJhzl;Muygonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&onfhtwGuf uRefawmfwdkY wynfhrsm;u 0rf;enf;ygonf/<br />

2/ uRefawmfwdkYwynfhrsm;onf ZGefv (24) &ufaeYu a&'D,dkrS aMunmxm;aom 0efBuD;csKyf\ rdefYcGef;wGif<br />

tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;ol^om;wdkYonf ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufaomudpörsm;wGif ajz½Sif;Mu&mü<br />

twdkuftcHvkyfí rajz½Sif;bJ q&m&if;? wynfh&if;wdkYvdk &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ajz½Sif;rnfqdkonfhrludk<br />

uRefawmfwdkYonf >cif;csufr½Sd vufcHMuygonf/<br />

aemiftzdkYwGif ausmif;om;udpörsm;ay:aygufvmwdkif; tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkYausmif;om; acgif;<br />

aqmifrsm; wynfhrsm;onf wOD;ESifhwOD;y#dyu©jzpfí ajz½Sif;jcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ q&m&if;? wynfh&if;uJhodkU<br />

&if;&if; ESD;ESD; ajz½Sif;jcif;rsKd;jzifh ajz½Sif;ygrnf[k uRefawmfwdkY av;eufpGm uwdjyKygonf/<br />

3/ uRefawmfwdkYonf ausmif;pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk vdkufem½dkaoygrnf[lí xyfrHav;eufpGm uwdjyKygonf/<br />

txufygrl (3) csuft&omvQif rSefuefw&m;rQwí taumif;qHk;aomtajctae jzpfEdkifrnf[k ,HkMunf<br />

ojzifh txufygrltwdkif; vkyfaqmifMu&efESifh ausmif;jyefaecGifh&a&; BudK;yrf;Mu&ef rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh<br />

ausmif;xkwf cHae&aom ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tm; today; xkwfjyefaMunmtyfygonf/<br />

545

546<br />

(q) 1958 OD;EkESifh ausmif;om;qufqHa&;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tmPmudk vuf½Sd&xm;onfh 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku 1958 ck? ZGefvwGif ArmhtoHrSaeí ]tpdk;&eJh ausmif;om;<br />

qufqHa&;wif;rmcJUw,f? raumif;bl;/ 'Dtpdk;&eJh ausmif;om; qufqHa&;ysufjym;&mrSm ausmif;om;awGrSmyg wm0ef½Sdw,f/<br />

tpdk;&[m vlBuD;awGjzpfwJUtwGuf ydkNyD;wm0ef½Sdw,f} [k rdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

1958 ck? atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif OD;Eku bGJUESif;obifcef;rü ]usKyfeJh ausmif;om;xkqufqHa&;udk<br />

topfajymif;vJvdkufwJU aehupNyD; ausmif;om;xk&JY apwemawG[m usKyftay:rSm b,fvdkwdk;wuf rsm;jym;vmw,fqdkwm<br />

usKyftxl;ajymzdkhrvdkbl;} [k rdefYcGef;ajymí 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf ausmif;om;wdkYtm; rdrdtrSm;rsm;udk 0efcHí ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; ajymif;vJvdkufonf/ ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udkvnf; ausmif;om;rsm; udk,fwdkifOD;pD; usif;yí<br />

usyfaiG 50000d^- cGifhjyKcJhonf/ 1953 ck? atmufwdkbmvrSpí (15) &ufom ydwfcGifhjyKcJhonfudkvnf; jyefvnf<br />

½kyfodrf;NyD; 1958 ckESpfrSpí atmufwdkbm (1) vausmif;ydwfcJhonf/<br />

(Z) Ek-wif^aqGNidrf;tuJGtjyJESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

zqyvtwGif; Ek-wifESifh aqG-Nidrf;tuGJtjyJ wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u aMunmcsufrsm; xkwfjyefuefYuGuf<br />

cJhonf rsm;½Sdonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf) trIaqmiftzGJUuvnf; arv<br />

(13) &ufaeYwGif aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/ ¤if;aMunmcsufwGif-<br />

Ek-wifacgif;aqmifaomtkyfpku-<br />

1/ Mum;ae0g'udk wduspGmvdkufemusifhoHk;rnf/<br />

2/ jynfwGif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf zqyvnDvmcHrdefYcGef;udk taumiftxnfazmfrnf/<br />

3/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0ay;rnf/<br />

4/ vlrsKd;pkta&;ESifhywfoufí w&m;rQwpGmjzpf&rnf[k aMunmcJhayonf/<br />

aqG-Nidrf;acgif;aqmifaomtkyfpku zqyvwnfjrJa&;wnf;[laom wygwDtzGJUtpnf;w&yf\ ta&;udkom<br />

wifjyNyD; wdkif;jynfta&;jzpfaom vGwfvyfa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkYtwGuf tmrcHcsufray;[k Auorsm;<br />

tzGJUcsKyfu ,lqonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aom AuotzGJYcsKyfonf OD;Ekacgif;aqmifaom zqyvtzGJYudk axmufcHaMumif;<br />

azmfjyonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;rS tmPm&½Sdxm;aom &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<br />

rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> wuorSvnf; (oefY½Sif;aom) zqyvtzGJUudk axmufcHaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ ¤if;wdkYu qdk½S,fvpf<br />

wdkYonf ausmif;om;avmuwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk aoG;cGJum 'DtufpftdkESifh &Jacgifrsm;udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ aqGNidrf;tzGJU<br />

rsm;onf tjyKwfwdkufa&;udk a

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

3/ avmavmq,f wkdif;jynftajctaeukd xdef;odrf;&ef wyfrawmfESifh &JrSwyg; tjcm;vufeufudkifwyfrsm;<br />

(Oyrm- jyLapmxD;? umuG,fa&;? vQyfppfvkHjcHKa&;wyfrsm;) ponfwkdYukd ygvDref&ufrwkdifrD tjrefqkH;<br />

zsufodrf;&ef/<br />

1958 ck? pufwifbmv (28) &ufwGif wuotaqmuftODü Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uo? wuorSMuD;rSL;<br />

í trIaqmifrsm; awGUqkHum ]ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;jcif;ESifUywfoufí oabmxm;} xkwfjyefaMunm&mwGif-<br />

],aehjzpfay:aeaom ta&;udpöonf wrsKd;om;vkH;\ ta&;udpöjzpfaMumif;? rNidrfoufívnf;aumif;?<br />

w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyGJtwGufvnf;aumif; ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;&onf[laom taMumif;jycsufrSm rckdifvkHaMumif;?<br />

ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;onfUtwGuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;ukd tvSrf;a0;apNyD;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;rvkdvm;aom aqGNidrf;ESifU e,fcsJYorm;wkdh\<br />

tvkdusjzpfapaMumif;? ,if;okdh tmPmodrf;jcif;rsKd;ukd cGifUjyKvQif tmPmukdjynfolYxHrSr[kwfbJ t"r®tmPmodrf;onfU<br />

tpOftvmay:vmrnf jzpfaMumif;ESifU 'Drdkua&pDtcGifUta&;rsm;ukd twm;tqD;jzpfvmrnf jzpfaMumif;} azmfjyxm;onf/<br />

1958 ck? pufwifbmv (29) &ufwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? wuo? &uo wkdYrS ]wkefvIyfacsmufjcm;atmif<br />

rvkyffygESifU} [laomacgif;pOfjzifh aMunmcsufxkwfjyef&mwGifpufwifbmv<br />

(26) &ufaehwGif OD;Eku AkdvfcsKyfae0if;tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;rnf[k aMunmNyD;aemuf<br />

ArmUwyfrawmfrS armfvNrdKif? jynfNrdKYrsm;wGif EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;? a&vrf;? ukef;vrf;wavQmuf toGm;tvm<br />

rsm;ukd &yfwefh½SmazGjcif;wkdhonf jynfolwkdhtm; wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;aponfUtjyif vGwfvyfpGmzGJYpnf;? pnf;½kH;a[majymjcif;ukd<br />

csKyfcs,fjcif;onf ppftmPmykdiftkyfpkd;a&;okdh ykdhaqmifay;jcif; jzpfaeonfUtwGuf oufqkdif&mrS&yfqkdif;ay;&ef awmif;qkd<br />

ygonf/<br />

1958 ck? pufwifbmv (30) &ufaeY <strong>or*¾</strong>BuD; (3) ckrS OD;pD;NyD; ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJ w&yfudk<br />

wuotaqmuftODü usif;yonf/ ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif-<br />

1958 ck? pufwifbmv (28) &ufaeY aeYpGJyg <strong>or*¾</strong>BuD; (3) ck\ ]ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;jcif;ESifh ywfoufaom<br />

oabmxm;} [laom aMunmcsufudkaxmufcHaMumif; tqdkwifoGif;&m &JacgiftzGJU0ifausmif;om;rsm;jzpfaom udkcdkuf<br />

a½TvS tygt0if (4) OD;u uefYuGufaomfvnf; trsm;pku axmufcHMu&m tqdkrSmtwnf jzpfoGm;onf/ nae (2)<br />

em&DcGJ tcsdef tpnf;ta0;tNyD;wGif bwfpfum; (26) pD;jzifh NrdKUwGif;odkY vSnfhvnfqE´jy&if;-<br />

]wyfrawmf0if rpGufeJh? wyfrawmfudk ckwHk;rvkyfeJh}<br />

]wyfrawmftpOftvm xdef;Mu}<br />

]Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; tmPmrodrf;eJh}<br />

]vufeufjzifUtmPmodrf;wm uefhuGufMu}<br />

]e,fcsJYtMuHtpnf wm;qD;Mu}<br />

]'Drdkua&pDtcGifUta&; umuG,fMu}<br />

]jynfolhtmPm jynfolhjyeftyf}<br />

]jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; t&,lMu}<br />

]zrf;xm;olawG tjrefvTwf}<br />

]ausmif;om;ESifUjynfol vufwGJMu}<br />

wuo? Auorsm;tzJGYcsKyf? &uo (3) zJGYaygif;um<br />

pnf;a0;uefhuGufí ,ckuJUodkh vSnfUvnfqE´jycJUonf<br />

(0JbufrS pa&vQif wwd,ajrmuf- Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;)<br />

547

548<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

-paom a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;) eHab;wGif tar&duefaysmfpH&dyfNidrf 0g½SifwefygwfBuD;udk cHwyf0if;BuD;ozG,f awGUjrif&onf/<br />

tif;vsm;vrf;ra&mufcif bDtdkpDrefae*sm rpöwmvufzf½GdKif;\ aetdrf½Sd&modkYoGm;onfh vrf;ajrmifuav; (Green<br />

Bank) axmifhwGif jrefrm-tar&duef,Ofaus;rItoif;\ {&mrtaqmuftOD tkwfjrpfrsm; awGU&awmhonf/ xdkrS<br />

taemufzuf wac:rQoma0;onfhae&m tif;vsm;axmifhwGifum; tar&duefjyefMum;a&;Xme\ 0g'jzefYjyyGJrSeforQ<br />

cif;usif;&ef aqmufvkyfxm;aom (Gerdesic Doom) ac: EdkifvGef½Gufxnf½HkBuD;udk awGU&onf/ tif;vsm;vrf;awmifESifh<br />

ajrmufydkif;wGif um;vrf;awGU&onf/ 1957 ckESpfu wckaom taqmuftODwGif t*FvdyfaeYpOf owif;pmq&mBuD;wOD;u<br />

uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;w&m;a[mNyD; uGefjrLepfqefaomwyfOD;tm; rJray;&efa[majymcJhonfudk owif;pmxJwGif zwfrdMu<br />

vdrfhrnf/<br />

,if;azmfjyygXmersm;rSaeí jrefrmjynf½Sd tar&duefwdkYonf jynfwGif;a&;udk pGufzufajc½Iyfvsuf ½Sdonf/ jynfvrf;<br />

rBuD;\ wckwnf;aom jcHtwGif;üum tm½Sta½SUawmifydkif;qdkif&m tar&duefajc½IyfEdkifa&;? uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;<br />

tkwfjrpfcsa&;tzGJU (0g) tm½Sazmifa';&Sif;vkyfief;wnf&m ½Hk;BuD;½Sdao;onf/<br />

tar&duefaumif;yHkawG<br />

t"du þXmeBuD;ESifh tar&duefjyefMum;a&;XmewdkYyl;aygif;um tEl;nHhqHk; yHkoP²mefrsm;jzifh wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif<br />

tar&duefyHkpHoGif;? 0g'jzefYvkyfief;rsm; wGifwGifBuD; vkyfudkifaeMuonf/ ]tar&duef,Ofaus;rI qdkonfum;} ]tar&duef<br />

ynm[lonf} ]tar&duefulnDrI t&mwdkhum;} wdkYESifhcsnf; 0g'jzefYvsuf½Sdonf/ xdk0g'jzefYcsufrsm;üyif tar&duefom<br />

urÇmYrdwfaqGppf? urÇmY&efolum; uGefjrLepfpaom 0g'jzefYrIwdkYrSm zHk;uG,fír&Edkif/<br />

(Family of Man) avmuZmwfcHk "gwfyHkjyyGJwckwGif vljzpf&mrS cspfcifMuifem arwåmwG,fNidyHk? vltpOftquf<br />

aygufzGm;yHk BuD;jyif;vmyHk? ausmif;om;? tvkyform;b0ponfh usifvnfBuD;xGm;vmMu&aom tqifhqifhb0rsm;udk<br />

jyocJh&mwGif ]a'gopdwfjzifU awmfvSefMu&mü} [laom acgif;pOf"gwfyHkwGif [efa*&DwefjyefawmfvSefa&; owif;"gwfyHkum;<br />

jy\/ uGefjrLepfrsm;\ n§Of;yef;'Pfudk rcHEdkifí tHk

550<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

bD;vl;pnf; vlpnf;uGJNyD;<br />

tpDtpOfuav;qdkonfu wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh,SOfNydKifEdkif&ef ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pm;aomufqdkiftaqmuftODwck<br />

zGifhvSpfa&;tpDtpOfyif jzpfonf/ wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; jzm;a,mif;&efjzpf\/ onftpDtpOf atmifjrifvQif<br />

azmifa';½Sif;\taxmuftyHhjzifh wif;epf? bufwrifwefupm;uGif; taqmuftODwck aqmufay;rnf[k avypfxm;jcif;<br />

jzpfonf/ upm;ckefpm;bufwGif wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYu ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tar&duefodrf;oGif;a&;jzpfaom (pm;<br />

aomuf0if;? uifwif;) zGifhEdkifvQif upm;uGif;taqmuftODudk yGJctjzpfay;&ef ,kwfrmaomtMuHjzpfonf/ ygarmu©wOD;ESifh<br />

t&m½SdwOD;u acR;'D;'D;usatmif wuoacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ac:,laqG;aEG;\/ wuorS vufrcHrS tm;avQmhoGm;&aom<br />

tjzpfuav;rSm rarhEdkifacs/<br />

þodkY tajctaeqdk;rsm;teuf txl;ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsufrSm ygarmu©csKyfudk,fwdkifonfyif tm½Sazmifa';½Sif;?<br />

zdkY'fazmifa';½Sif;wdkYü ta&;ygaom tzGJU0ifwOD;jzpfaeNyD; ,if;azmifa';½Sif;wdkYrS ay;orQtcGifhta&;wdkYudk,lum wuúodkvf<br />

ü tjrJaeonfr½SdawmhbJ (1) ESpfwGif (10) vcefY EdkifiHjcm;rsm;üom tcsdefukefaejcif;jzpfonf/ pHkprf;od½Sd&oavmufrSm<br />

þodkY tar&dueftaxmuftyHhrsm;jzifh EdkifiHjcm;odkYvSnfhvnfaejcif;twGuf zdwfac:csufrStp tcGifhta&;&yHkwdkYudk<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaom wuúodkvfaumifpDudk rwifjyjcif;jzpfonfqdkonf/ þudpötwGuf tawmf<br />

yif*,uf½dkufaeonf/ tar&dueftaxmuftyHhjzifh pm;aejcif;udk cGifhjyKxm;csufaMumifh wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tjypfBuD;<br />

av;pGm usa&mufaeavonf/ tar&duefwdkY wuúodkvfe,fajrü ajc½Iyfaejcif;udk tao;pdwfazmfjy&vQif qHk;tHhrxifaom<br />

tajctaeodkY a&muf½SdaeNyD;jzpf&m wuúodkvfausmif;om; avmuBuD;twGuf wuoonf t"duwm0ef½Sdonfhenf;wl<br />

wuúodkvfavmuBuD;wckvHk;twGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDu txl;wm0ef½Sdaeayonf/ tcsdefrD ppfaq;wm;qD;ygrS &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfonf tar&duef\aESmifBudK;rS vGwfajrmufrnfjzpfonf/<br />

armifoD[<br />

(#) ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usif;yonfh (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyJGaeh csDwuf&efEId;aqmfpm<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usifyonfh (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaehodkh wcJeufcsDwufMuavmU rdbjynfolrsm;ESifU<br />

&Jabmfausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

(38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefausmif;<br />

om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)? &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (&uo) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (3) ckrS OD;pD;um toif;tzGJU<br />

aygif;pHkyg0ifvsuf 1958 ck? 'DZifbmv (5) &uf? aomMumaeY? eHeuf (7) em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;?<br />

tvkyform;ausmufwdkifü usif;yrnfjzpfonf/<br />

1920 jynfhESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (10) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü ynmoifMum;vsuf½Sdaom<br />

ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;rsm;u jyKvkyfaom wuúodkvftufOya'udk rESpfoufojzifh<br />

oydwfarSmufum uefYuGufqE´jycJhayonf/ xdkodkY wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u oydwfarSmuf? uefYuGufqE´jy<br />

vdkufjcif;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm; vufatmufodkY usa&mufvsuf½Sdaom uRefoabmufb0udk pwifwGef;vSef<br />

wdkufcdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm; vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wrsKd;om;<br />

vHk;udk qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef wyfvSefYEId;aqmfvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYtwGufvnf; 1920 jynhfESpf wuúodkvfoydwfta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk wrsKd;om;vHk;u tHk;tHk;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

e,fcsJUorm;\vIHYaqmfrIaMumifhvnf; ArmjynftwGif;0,f trsKd;om;tcsif;csif; ppfwvif;cif;um jynf<br />

wGif;ppfrD;BuD; [kef;[kef;awmufcJhonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif (10) ESpfausmf (11) ESpftwGif;odkY csif;eif;vkNyD jzpfayonf/<br />

jynfwGif;ppfrD;BuD; rNidrf;EdkifonfESifhtrQ wdkif;jynfwGif waeYwjcm; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;rSm avsmhyg;qHk;½IH;<br />

vmcJhonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif 'Drdkua&pDa&mifjcnfrSm aysmufuG,fvkrwwf jzpfíaeayNyD/ ukefaps;EIef;rsm;rSm waeY<br />

wjcm; jrifhrm;vmum pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;vSonf/ vlxkrSm waeYwjcm; qif;&JEGrf;yg;vmcJh&onf/ ynma&;?<br />

,Ofaus;rItygt0if vlrIa&;rsm;rSmvnf; ysufjym;vsuf½Sdayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf waeYwjcm; wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;vmaom e,fcsJUorm;tEÅ&m,fudk umuG,fum trsKd;om;vGwfvyfrI<br />

xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? pD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf wrsKd;om;vHk;pnf;vHk;nDñGwf&ef<br />

tcsdefusa&mufvsuf½Sdayonf/ 1920 jynfhESpfu pwifvIHUaqmfay;cJhaom trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"gwfwdkYudk tm;opf<br />

arG;um wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;twGuf tav;ay;&ef tcsdefwefayNyD/<br />

þ (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYBuD;wGif wrsKd;om;vHk; nDnGwfa&;twGuf tm;opfarG;um<br />

wnfaqmufMu&ef ausmif;om;^olrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;? v,form;rsm;? NrdKUaevlwef;pm;? pma&;pmcsDtrIxrf;<br />

rsm;ESifhwuG vlrsKd;pkrsm;? EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJUrsm;yg ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;usif;yonfh (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;<br />

atmifyGJaeYodkY tHk;tHk;

552<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(!) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm (1957-58)<br />

1957 ck? pufwifbmvrS 1958 ck? Zefe0g&Dvukeftxd vkyfaqmifNyD;pD;cJUaom vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpm<br />

tcef; (1)<br />

þtpD&ifcHpmwGif yxrOD;qkH;azmfjyxm;vdkonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU oufwrf;ig;vtwGif;<br />

ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; aqmif½GufcJhjcif;udk azmfjyxm;onfhtwGufaMumifh 1957-58 ckESpf<br />

wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm; tm;vkH;udk t

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(5) udkpef;atmif<br />

(6) udkñGefYazoef;<br />

(7) udkausmfpdef<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpD (University Sport Council) odkY wuorS atmufygudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm;udk a½G;cs,fcefYtyfcJhonf/<br />

(1) udkcifatmif upm;ckefpm;XmerSL;<br />

(2) udkae0if;<br />

(3) udkpGefwdwf<br />

(4) udkjrifhxGef;<br />

(5) udkwifarmifaqG (ausmufbD;vl;wifarmifaqG)<br />

tjcm;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; twGufvnf; qyfaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;vkyfudkifcJhayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkcifarmiftkef;ESifh trIaqmif<br />

a[mif; udkatmifoef;wdkYtm; wuoudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a½G;cs,fapvTwfcJhonf/<br />

(W.U.S) aumfrwDodkY wuotrIaqmif apmwmomuvm;ESifh trIaqmifa[mif; udkvSazwdkYtm; wuo<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a½G;cs,fapvTwfcJhayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDodkY-<br />

(1) a'gufwmOD;{armif (w&m;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf 'k-t"dywda[mif;)<br />

(2) rpöwmwDyD0rf; (wuoaiGxdef;a[mif;ESifh vTwfawmfa½SUae) wdkYtm; wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tjzpf<br />

,refESpftwdkif; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhayonf/<br />

a'gufwmOD;{armiftm; wuúodkvfaq;½kHaumfrwD0ifESifh wuúodkvf&dyfom aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif;?<br />

rpöwmwDyD0rf;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh axmufyHha&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wuúodkvfaumifpDrS<br />

a½G;cs,f xnfhoGif;cJhayonf/<br />

wuopm&if;ppftjzpf tpdk;&rSwfykHwifpm&if;ppf OD;pHausmfOD;tm; cefYxm;cJhonf/<br />

,ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;csJU vkyfudkif<br />

a&;twGuf oD;jcm;qyfaumfrwDuav;rsm; zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/<br />

tcef; (2)<br />

wuotrIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOf<br />

wuoOuú|opf\ usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1957 ck? pufwifbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif ,k'oef cef;rü<br />

usif;yjyKvkyfí wuotrIaqmif tzGJJUopf\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhayonf/ vkyfief;pOf<br />

rsm;udk (u) oufqdkif&mwdkhESifU awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrnfUvkyfief;rsm;ESifU? (c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmif&rnfUvkyfief;<br />

[lí ESpfydkif;cGJjcm;xm;onf/ xdkYjyif wuo\ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;twGuf tajccHoabmxm;<br />

w&yfudkvnf; xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/<br />

0g'<br />

(1) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om; b0om,m ajzmifhjzL;a&;/<br />

(2) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;<br />

tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/<br />

(3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;<br />

qufqHa&;/<br />

t"duvkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

(u) oufqdkif&mrsm;ESifU awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrnfU vkyfief;rsm;-<br />

1/ ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf jzpfajrmufa&;/<br />

2/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;/<br />

3/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) v ydwfa&;/<br />

4/ ausmif;aqmifESifh aq;½kH wdk;csJUa&;/<br />

553

554<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

5/ aq;odyÜHoD;jcm;aumvdyf jzpfajrmufa&;/<br />

6/ xD;wef;ESifh &efuif;? Oypmaumvdyftqifhxd a&muf½Sda&;/<br />

7/ axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvuf&½Sda&;/<br />

(c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmifrnfU vkyfief;rsm;-<br />

1/ tm;upm;ckefpm;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJusif;ya&;/<br />

2/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHawGUqkHyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;/<br />

3/ ausmif;om; oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfa&;/<br />

4/ ausmif;om;q&m yl;wGJvkyfaqmif nDñGwfa&;/<br />

5/ jynfhpkHaom ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh &a&;/<br />

EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;twGuf tajccHoabmxm;<br />

,aeYurÇmwGif½Sdaeaom urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (I.U.S) ESifh urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcH\ twGif;a&;<br />

rSL;rsm; yl;wGJ½kH; (Coordinating Secretariat of The International Students’ Conference) [lonfh tzGJUtpnf;<br />

ESpf&yfwdkYtm; rnfonfhtzGJUESifhrQ tzGJU0iftjzpf qufoG,frnf r[kwfay/ ¤if;tzGJUESpf&yf vkyfief;rsm;wGif wuo\<br />

vkyfudkifaom tajccH0g'ESifh udkufnDaom vkyfief;rsm;wGifom yl;wGJyg0iffvkyfudkifoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ urÇmYausmif;<br />

om;nDñGwfa&;twGuf (I.U.S) ESifh (Co-sec) odkY yl;wGJvkyfudkifa&;twGufvnf; wuorS BudK;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/<br />

,aeY urÇmYausmif;om;avmuodkY vljzLvlrJra½G;? bmomra½G;? ,kHMunfcsufra½G;bJ ausmif;om;xktcsif;<br />

csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; vdktyfvSonf/ ¤if;tay:rSDí tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;twGuf yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMu<br />

&ayrnf/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;&½Sd&ef urÇmYppfwm;qD;a&;ESifh udkvdkeDe,fcsJUpepfudk qefYusif&rnf jzpfonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh befa'gif;wGif usif;ycJhaom tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHrS wuo udk,fwdkif yg0ifcsrSwf<br />

vdkufaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;? udkvdkeDe,fcsJUpepf qefYusifa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&; wdkYudk<br />

tajccHum tm½S-tmz&du aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&if; EdkifiHwum½Sd ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh<br />

qufoG,fvkyfudkif oGm;rnfjzpfonf/<br />

tcef;(3)<br />

t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;<br />

1/ wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJwGif aMunmcJhaom 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnf<br />

ay:aygufvmap&ef usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJNyD;onfrS pwifí tm;BudK;rmefwuf wufnDvufnDjzifh vkyfudkifaqmif½Guf<br />

cJhay&m xdkodkYaqmif½GufcJhaom t"ducsrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí wifjyvdkufayonf/<br />

1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHwEdkifiHtjzpfodkY a&muf½SdcJhayonf/<br />

e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufum vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHwEdkifiH jzpfvmonfESifhtnD e,fcsJUorm;vufxuf<br />

ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rI taqmufttkHwdkYudk y,fzsufum jynfolvlxktusKd;twGuf taqmufttkHtopfudk xyfrHwnf<br />

aqmuf&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rIa&;&m tygt0ifjzpfonfh ynma&;taqmufttkHudkum; vGwfvyfaom jynfaxmifpk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; r½Sdao;ay/ odkYtwGufaMumifhvnf; ,aeY ynma&;avmuwGif<br />

tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD;vQif rvdktyfaom tjzpftysufrsm; ay:xGufaeonfrSm rsufjrifxif<br />

½Sm;yif jzpfayonf/<br />

þodkY ay:aygufvmrIrsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf/ ynma&;tajct<br />

aeudk rsufajcrjywfavhvm Munfh½IcJhayonf/ ,aeYjzpfay:aeaom tcuftcJrsm;? tusyftwnf;rsm;udk jyKjyifzm<br />

ax;½kHjzifh raysmufEdkifawmhbJ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD; wckvkH;udk ajymif;vJvsuf½Sdaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH tajct<br />

aeESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifa&;qGJrSom ajyaysmufEdkifrnf[k awGU½SdcJhayonf/ þodkY awGU½SdcJhonfh tm;avsmfpGm vuf½Sdynm<br />

a&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef twGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk usif;yay;&ef<br />

wuorS awmif;qdkcJhayonf/<br />

þodkY ynma&;pepfopfw&yf ay:aygufvma&;twGuf 1957-58 ckESpfrS pwifí BudK;yrf;vm&m ,ckESpfwGif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tawmftwef atmifjrifvmonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ wuoonf ynma&;pepfopf w&yfay:a&;twGuf yxrtqifh<br />

taejzifh EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf vdktyfonf[k ,kHMunfojzifh þtcsufudk t"duvkyfief;tae<br />

ESifh csrSwf aqmif½GufcJhayonf/<br />

wuo\ ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;vkyfief;ESifh ywffoufNyD; ynma&;aumfr½Sifu 1957 ck?<br />

Edk0ifbmv (3) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk zdwfac:aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkaumfr½SifESifhaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuo<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;taeESifh EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJESifh ywfoufaom wuo\oabmxm;rsm;udk tao;pdwf<br />

wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ aumfr½Sifuvnf; þwifjycsufrsm;udk tav;teuf cH,lpOf;pm;cJhayonf/ xdkYjyif aumfr½Sifu<br />

wuo\ oabmxm;udk tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhwuG rnfonfhykHpHjzpfonfudk aumfr½SifodkY wifjy&ef<br />

tMuHÓPfay;cJhayonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh wuo\ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tao;pdwfoabmxm;<br />

wifjycsufudk 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufaeYwGif wdkif;jynfESifh ausmif;om;xkodkY wifjyaMunmcJhayonf/ ynm<br />

a&;aumfrwDodkYvnf; ay;ydkYwifjycJhavonf/<br />

1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvjrdKifOypmaumvdyf pnf;a0;cef;rü usif;ycJhaom<br />

pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkH awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGifvnf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf<br />

EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk tpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;yay;&ef wuorS wifjyaqG;aEG; awmif;qdkcJhavonf/<br />

þynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJESifh ywfoufonfh wuo wifjycsufpmwrf;udkvnf; þuGefz&ifhBuD;wGif wifjycJhonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh onfESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ t"duwm0efjzpfaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmuf<br />

atmif aqmif½Gufa&;twGuf azmfjycJhonfh vkyfief;&yfrsm;ESifh wdk;wufajymif;vJvmaom tajctaersm;aMumifh wpkH<br />

w&maom twdkif;twmxd atmifjrifvsuf½Sdonf[k wuorS tav;teuf ,kHMunfonf/ tqkH;wdkifatmifjrifrI<br />

&½Sda&;twGufvnf; ravsmhaom vkHYvjzifh qufvuf BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf[k uwday;cJhygonf/<br />

2/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-55 ckESpfrSpí usifhokH;vmcJh&m ¤if;pepfonf q&mrvkHavmufrI?<br />

pmoifcef;rvkHavmufrI? pmoifud&d,m rvkHavmufrI? ausmif;taqmuftOD rvkHavmufrIESifh qxufxrf;ydk; wdk;wuf<br />

vmaom tvkyfvufrJhjyóem rajz½Sif;EdkifrI paom tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;onfhtaejzifh wuúodkvf<br />

wGif usifhokH;vmaomaMumifh þpepfonf ausmif;om;xktusKd;ESifh vkH;0qefYusifum ,aeYynma&;avmuwGif<br />

rvkdvm;tyfqkH;? tqdk;0g;qkH; epfemcsufjzpfonf[k wuou cH,layonf/ xdkYaMumifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf<br />

pwifusifhokH;cJhonfh 1954 ckESpfpí wuoacgif;aqmifrIjzifh ausmif;om;xkwdkufyGJrsm; qufwdkuf0ifcJh&m 1955-<br />

56 ckESpfwGif (3) cguspepfESifh 65% pepftwGuf pkHprf;a&;aumfr½SifzGJUpnf;ay;cJh&NyD; 1956 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvwGif<br />

wuúodkvfynma&; pkHprf;a&;aumfr½Sifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/<br />

odkY&mwGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf rnfodkYrQ ajymif;vJrvmbJ ,aeYxd ausmif;om;^olaygif;<br />

okH;axmifausmfrSm (3) cguspepf\ 0g;rsKdcHvdkuf&NyD; wuúodkvfe,fajrrS ESifxkwfjcif;cHvdkuf&ayNyD/ þrQ &ufpufqdk;<br />

0g;pGm ausmif;ol^om;rsm; ESpfpOf axmifESifhcsDí ynmoifMum;a&; ydwfyifjcif;cHae&aom (3) cguspepfqdk;BuD;udk<br />

wuorS acgif;aqmifí ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ nDñGwfa&;ESifh wcJeuf0dkif;0ef;qE´jyawmif;qdkjcif;? rdbjynfolrsm;<br />

uyg þrw&m;rIudk odjrifvmatmif vkyfjcif;jzifh w&m;rQwí wdkufyGJudk 0dkif;0ef;ulnD axmufcHvmapjcif;jzifh (3)<br />

cguspepfudk vkH;0wuúodkvfe,fajrrS usqkH;oGm;onftxd wdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdkoGm;rnf[k wuorS csrSwfxm;cJh<br />

ayonf/<br />

odkYjzifh (3) cguspepfudk ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;? wcJeuftkH

556<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;wdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYudk zdwfMum;ac:,lum atmuf<br />

wdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;\ t"duta&;BuD;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ þausmif;wv<br />

ydwfa&;onf q&mrsm;twGuf jyifqifcsdef ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfavhvmjcif;twGufvnf;aumif;? a'oEÅ&<br />

A[kokw½SmrSD;a&;? tcgBuD;&ufBuD; rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;xHjyefa&;? tem;,la&;rsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfynma&;<br />

wGif r½SdvQifrjzpfaom tcsufjzpfaMumif;? (15) &uf pmydkoif½kHjzifh ynma&; rwdk;wufEdkifaMumif; ponfh tcsuftvuf<br />

rsm;udk azmfxkwfaqG;aEG;MuNyD; atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwf&efESifh þudpöwifjya&;twGuf &efukefwuúodkvft"dywd<br />

OD;EkESifh awGUqkH&ef oabmwlnDcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifcJhonf/<br />

1957 ck? pufwifbmv (27) &ufaeYwGif atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;udpö ta&;wBuD;aqmif½Guf<br />

&ef½dSonf/ pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (5) tydk'ft& wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; w&yfac:,lum atmufwdkbmausmif;<br />

wvydwfay;&ef? þudpöpOf;pm;&ef ta&;ay: wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0; ac:,lay;&efESifh þudpöudk tusKd;t<br />

aMumif;ESifhwuG jynfhpkHpGm aqG;aEG;wifjyEdkif&ef tqdkrsm;udk þtxl;tpnf;ta0;wGif wifoGif; qkH;jzwfcJhavonf/<br />

þodkY qkH;jzwfcsuft& atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuúodkvft"dywd<br />

OD;EkwdkY awGUqkH&mwGif wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ atmufwdkbmausmif;wv ydwfoifhaMumif; aqG;aEG;wifjyonfh<br />

tcsuftvufrsm;? tudk;tum;taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wuúodkvft"dywd OD;Ekudk,fwdkifvufcHvmNyD; ,ckESpf tcsdef<br />

vGefaeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh rjzpfEdkifawmhaMumif;? þudpöudk ynma&;aumfr½SifwGifvnf; wifjypOf;pm;rnf jzpfaMumif;?<br />

vmrnfhESpf ausmif;wvydwfEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;ay;rnf jzpfaMumif;wdkYudk uwday;cJhavonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh wuo\ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; aqmif½Gufcsuf\ atmifjrifrIonf ,ckESpfwGif<br />

taumiftxnfESifhwuG rawGUjrif&aomfvnf; vmrnfhESpfrsm;wGif atmifjrifEdkif&ef vrf;prsm;yGifhvmNyD[k wuo<br />

rS,lqayonf/ xdkodkY vrf;pyGifhvmaomfvnf; vkH;0atmifjrifrI&½Sdvm&ef wuoonf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfaom ausmif;<br />

om;xktm;jzifh rnfrQxd wdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdkEdkifrnf enf;[lonfh tcsufay:wGifom ausmif;om;xk\ atmifyGJwnf<br />

onf[k ,lqayonf/<br />

4/ vuf½dSwuúodkvfaq;½kHonf ppfrjzpfrDu ¤if;acwf\ ausmif;om;OD;a&tcsKd;tpm;ESifh udkufnDpGm aqmif½Guf<br />

xm;jcif;jzpfí ,ckacwfwGif tqrwefrsm;jym;vmaom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vkH;0 rvkHavmufawmhay/ vlemcef;rsm;?<br />

acwfrDaq;ESifh aq;ud&d,mrsm;? tcrJhaq;xdk;ay;jcif;rsm; ponfwdkYudk wdk;csJUay;&ef tcsdefusaeayNyD/<br />

wuúodkvfaq;½kHudk aq;ukonfh aq;½kHoufoufwGifom r[kwfbJ ausmif;om;rsm; tem;,l&dyfomwck<br />

jzpfvmonftxd aqmif½Guf&ef wuorS &nfrSef;xm;ayonf/ odkYaomf þudpöonf wjznf;jznf; aqmif½Guf&rnfh<br />

vkyfief;jzpfayonf/ uaeYavmavmq,f taeESifh wuúodkvfaq;½kHwdk;csJUa&;? aq;0g;rsm;tcrJhukocGifh&a&;/ tcrJh<br />

aq;xkd;cGifh&½Sda&;? olemjyKq&mrrsm; vkHavmufpGm cefYxm;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkxm;ayonf/ awmif;qdk&½Sd xm;ayNyD/<br />

tjrefqkH;jzpfajrmufatmif taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ayrnf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifrsm; rvkHavmufrIjyóemudk tmPmydkifwdkYu (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh ajz½Sif;ay;ae<br />

aomfvnf; ESpfpOfwuúodkvfrS rvTJombJ xGufoGm;&aom ausmif;om;ESifh 0ifvmaom ausmif;om;OD;a& rrQojzifh<br />

tcef;rvkHavmufrI jyóemrsm; ay:aygufvsuf ½Sdayonf/ ,ckESpfpwGif ausmif;om;aygif; (201) a,mufausmf<br />

tcef;r½Sdí wcef;ESpfa,mufpepfudk ,m,DtokH;jyKí tcef;rvkHavmufrI jyóemudk wuorS ,m,Dajz½Sif;cJh&av<br />

onf/ þtcuftcJrsKd; vmrnfhESpfwGif ydkrdkBuD;rm;pGm &ifqdkif&OD;rnf[k wGufcsufEdkifayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmif<br />

opfrsm;udk wdk;wufvsuf½Sdonfh ausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk vdkufí tjrefqkH; tvkHtavmuf aqmif½Gufay;&ef<br />

wuorS awmif;qdkvsuf½Sdayonf/<br />

5/ aq;odyÜHwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& waeYwjcm; rsm;jym;vsuf rEÅav;üyif aq;odyÜH cGJjcm;zGifhvSpfEdkifonftxd<br />

jzpfvmonf/ ppfrjzpfrDuvnf; aq;odyÜHonf oD;jcm;jzpfcJhNyD; ,ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& tqrwef wdk;wuf<br />

vsuf½SdonfhtwGuf oD;jcm;&yfwnfEdkifonfh tajctaewGif½Sdonf/ þoD;jcm; aumvdyfjzpfjcif;jzifh t"duvdktyfcsuf<br />

rsm;udk ydkrdkawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifEdkifjcif;aMumifh (Constituent College) &½Sda&;twGuf aq;odyHÜausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh<br />

wuowdkY n§dEIdif;wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD;vQif tjrefEdkifqkH; taumiftxnfazmf&ef wuorS wifjyawmif;qdkxm;vsuf<br />

½Sdayonf/<br />

6/ &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkYonf OypmaumvdyftqifhodkY a&muf½Sd&ef tvGefvdktyfvsuf½Sdonf/ tb,f<br />

aMumifhqdkaomf vuf½Sdtqifhonf aumvdyfESifhvkH;0rwlbJ txufwef;ausmif; omomom½Sdonf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;\<br />

csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m^rrsm; rvkHavmufjcif;? ausmif;okH;y&dabm*rsm; rvkHavmufjcif;? ynmoif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

Mum;a&;tqifh rwdk;wufjcif;paom tcsuftvufwdkYrSm ,aeY &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkY\ cHpm;&csufrsm;<br />

jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh cHpm;&csufrsm; yaysmufa&;? tqifhtwef;rDaom Oypmaumvdyfwck jzpfay:a&;wdkYtwGuf<br />

wuorS oufqdkif&modkY wifjyawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifvsuf½Sdavonf/ xdkodkY tqifhtwef;rSom Oypmaumvdyf<br />

wcktjzpfnDrQaom ausmif;aqmifrsm;? pmoifcef;rsm;? q&mrsm;? ausmif;okH;ypönf;y&dabm*rsm;? "gwfcGJcef;ypönf;rsm;<br />

udk wdk;csJUxm;&ef oufqdkif&modkY awmif;qdkxm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

7/ 1958 ckrSpí &yfqdkif;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; axmufyHhaMu;udk ,cktcsdefwdkif &yfqdkif;vsufyif ½Sdao;<br />

onfudk tjrefqkH;jyefvnf qufvufay;&ef wuorS awmif;qdkvsuf½Sdayonf/ þjyóemESifh wqufwnf;jzpfaom<br />

wuúodkvf tokH;p&dwfcGifhûyaiG (University Grant) udkvnf; ,aeYausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;ESifh udkufnDrQatmif<br />

wdk;wufcGifhjyK xkwfay;&ef wygwnf; awmif;qdkxm;ayonf/ wuúodkvfwGif ynmt&nftcsif; aumif;aomfvnf;<br />

pD;yGm;a&;csKdUwJhrIaMumifh ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGm ynmoifMum;vdkygaomfvnf; roifMum;EdkifMuacs/ aq;ESifh tif*sifeD<br />

,mXmewdkYwGif jyifybkwfaumfr½Sif? ppfwyf paomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS axmufyHhaMu;rsm;,lí ynmoifMum;ae&aom<br />

ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGm ½Sdavonf/ trSefpifppf þodkY jyifyrS axmufyHhaMu;rsm; ay;jcif;xuf wuúodkvfb@maiGxJrS<br />

ay;jcif;u ydkrdkaumif;í ydkrdkrSefuefayonf/ ,ckuJhodkY wuúodkvfwGif axmufyHhaMu;r½Sdjcif;onf wuúodkvfü ½Sdoifh½Sdtyf<br />

onfh *kPft*Fg&yf *kPfodu©mESifhvnf; rnDñGwfay/ xdkYaMumifh wuoonf tpdk;&u wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;<br />

twGuf okH;pGJaiG (University Grant) udk tvkHtavmuf wdk;csJUay;&efESifh wqufwnf; t&nftcsif;xl;cRefí<br />

pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;rsm; jyefvnfay;yg&ef awmif;qdkxm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

(c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmifcJhaom vkyfief;rsm;<br />

1/ upm;ckefpm;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ywfoufí ,ckESpftrIaqmiftzGJUonf upm;ckefpm; ausmif;om;rsm;udk rMumcP<br />

pkaygif;aqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm; epfemcsufrsm;udk ½SmazGazmfxkwfí ¤if;tcsufrsm; jynfhpkHap&ef enf;vrf;rsm;<br />

½SmazGjcif;rsm;udk vkyfudkifcJhayonf/ tm;upm;orm;wdkYtm; wuorS twwfEdkifqkH; tm;upm;ypönf; tultnDrsm;udk<br />

vnf; ay;cJhayonf/<br />

wuotaejzifh wuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpD vkyfief;rsm;wGif ta&;BuD;qkH;tydkif;u yg0ifaqmif½GufcJJhay<br />

onf/ Oyrm abmfvDabmjydKifyGJrsm;? bwfpuufabmjydKifyGJrsm; paom vkyfief;rsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? þjydKifyGJrsm;<br />

jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf vIHYaqmfpnf;½kH;a&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wm0ef,lxrf;aqmifcJhayonf/<br />

rEÅav;tBudKyGJawmfodkYvnf; wuorSOD;pD;í &efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfwdkY½Sd ausmif;om;csif;<br />

cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;wdkYtwGuf abmvkH;toif;? bwfpuufabmESifh abmfvDabmtoif;wdkY rEÅav;odkY oGm;a&mufí<br />

rdwfaqGjzpfyGJrsm; ,SOfjydKifupm;cJhMuayonf/<br />

oufqdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;í wwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk 1957 ck?<br />

'DZifbmv (27) &ufaeYwGif armfvNrdKifNrdKU NrdKUrupm;uGif;BuD;wGif atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ þaumvdyfaygif;pkH<br />

ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;odkY &efukefwuúodkvfrS ajy;ckefupm;orm;rsm;? rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;orm;rsm;ESifh armfv<br />

NrdKifOypmaumvdyfrS tm;upm;orm;rsm; pkpkaygif; (100) ausmfrQ yg0if,SOfNydKif upm;cJhMuayonf/ wuúodkvfESifh<br />

aumvdyftoD;oD;rS tm;upm;orm;rsm;onf pdwftm;xufoefpGmESifh vnf;aumif;? wOD;ESifhwOD; tvGefcspfMunf<br />

&if;ESD;pGmjzifh vnf;aumif; upm;ckefpm;Muojzifh Armjynf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;wdkY\ upm;ckefpm;a&;tqifh<br />

twef; jrifhrm;vma&;twGuf BuD;pGmtaxmuftul jzpfapayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ESpfywfvnfupm;ckefpm;yGJBuD;udk 1958 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (18) &ufaeYu usif;yNyD;pD;cJhayNyD/<br />

þupm;ckefpm;yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf upm;ckefpm;orm;rsm; pkpnf;jcif;? ausmif;om;xk tm;ay;ulnDrI&½Sd&ef<br />

0g'jzefYvIHYaqmfjcif; paomtultnDrsm; wuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpDESifh wuo yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf/<br />

,ckESpf usif;yaom ESpfvnfupm;ckefpm;yGJBuD;wGif pHcsdefopf (5) ck wifvdkufEdkifayonf/<br />

wuorS þrQxd upm;ckefpm;ESifhywfoufí vkyfudkifaqmif½GufcJhygaomfvnf; arQmfrSef;xm;onfh upm;<br />

ckefpm; tqifhjrifhwufokdY ra&muf½Sdao;ay/ þarQmfrSef;xm;aom tqifhodkY a&muf½SdEdkif&efrSm wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;<br />

aumifpD ydkrdkêud;pm; vkyfudkifvmjcif; tay:wGifvnf;aumif;? wuorS rnfrQxd upm;ckefpm;a&;wGif qufvufNyD;<br />

acgif;aqmifpnf;½kH;vkyfudkifoGm;onfh tay:wGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;xk\ tm;ay;ulnDrI tay:wGifvnf;aumif;<br />

wnf½Sdaeayonf[k ,kHMunfayonf/ wuorS &efukefwuúodkvff tm;upm;avmu jr§ifhwifEdkifa&;twGuf pmwrf;wck<br />

a&;om;í wifjyEdkif&ef BudK;yrf;vsuf½Sdayonf/<br />

557

558<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

2/ pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftoD;oD;wdkY<br />

nd§EIdif;wdkifyifí 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfpnf;a0;cef;rBuD;wGif &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkY OD;pD;acgif;aqmifum atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;pD;cJhavonf/<br />

þuGefz&ifhBuD;odkY &efukefwuúodkvf\ r[mXmersm;jzpfaom &efukefaq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;<br />

aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh &efuif;? xD;wef;aumvdyfrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;?<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyf<br />

toD;oD;½Sd toif;tzGJUtpnf; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuayonf/ toif;tzGJUaygif; (44) zGJU? udk,fpm;vS,fESifh<br />

avhvmolaygif; (126) a&mufwdkY wufa&mufcJhonf/<br />

þawGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif &efukefwuúodkvf\ tajctaeESifhywfoufaom tajctaepmwrf;w&yfudk<br />

wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,fESifh avhvmoltaygif;wdkYtm; wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhayonf/ tjcm;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;u<br />

vnf; rdrdwdkYepfemcsuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wifjycJhayonf/<br />

'kwd,ESifh wwd,tBudrf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJ usif;y&mü xkwfjyefcJhaom jynfwGif;Nidrf;<br />

csrf;a&; &½Sda&;twGuf tpdk;&ESifh awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkwdkY ESpfOD;ESpfzuf rsuffESmcsif;qdkif awGUqkHaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;jcif;<br />

jzifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;BuD; Nidrf;owf&ef arwåm&yfcHonfh yefMum;vTmwapmifudk þuGefz&ifhBuD;wGif xkwfjyefEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

xdkYjyif ausmif;om;xk 'Drdkua&pDta&;rsm; jyefvnfay;tyfa&;? EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk<br />

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;yay;a&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; tjrefqkH; wnfaqmufay;a&;ESifh urÇmYwif;rmrI avQmhaygh<br />

a&;twGuf tjydKiftqdkif vufeufwyfqifrIrsm;? tEkjrLvufeufrsm; prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;rsm; rjyKMu&ef wdkufwGef;<br />

awmif;qdkaMumif;ESifh vufeufppfonftiftm; avQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tjrefqkH; vkyfudkifaqmif½GufMu&ef arwåm&yf<br />

cHonfh aMunmpmwrf;udkvnf; uGefz&ifhBuD; wckvkH;u wnDwñGwfwnf; xkwfjyefEdkifcJhonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk uRefawmfwdkY wuoESifhwuG<br />

nDaemif<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkY yl;wGJum atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhaMumif;/<br />

3/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vkyfief;pOfwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;onf<br />

wcktygt0ifjzpfonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;pOfudk taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkif wck zGifh<br />

vSpf&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ oufqdkif&mwdkYESifh aqG;aEG;cJh\/ or0g,rqdkiftjzpfodkY &nfñTef;aomfvnf; tcuftcJrsm;<br />

½Sdaeayonf/ or0g,rpepfrSm wa,mufpD tpk½S,f,mjzifh rwnf&rnfhjyif vuf½Sdtajctaet&vnf; or0g,r<br />

rSwfykHwif&ef cufcJaeayonf/<br />

rnfodkYyifjzpfap ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fwdkif OD;pD;vkyfudkifonfh ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkif jzpf<br />

ajrmufa&;twGuf jzpfEdkifonfhtajctae? jzpfEdkifonfhykHpHrS wdk;csJUvkyfudkifoGm;&ayrnf/ qdkifrwnfa&;twGuf ausmif;<br />

aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ tcsdeftcg tajctaet& ausmif;aqmif<br />

o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;rsm;rS aiGaMu;tultnD&&ef tcuftcJrsm; ½Sdaeayonf/ wuotaeESifhvnf; vkHavmuf<br />

aom rwnfaiGudk xkwfay;Edkifonf r[kwfay/ odkYaomfvnf; wuotaeESifh xkwfay;onfhaiGESifhyif jzpfEdkifonfh<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf wHqdyfyg½Sdonfh pma&;puúLuwfrsm;? pmtdwfrsm;ponfwdkYudk tzdk;EIef;csKdompGmESifh ½kdufESdyfa&mif;<br />

cscJhonf/ ,cktcg pma&;puúLuwfrsm;ESifh pmtdwfrsm; (2300) ausmfzdk;rQ a&mif;csNyD;cJhNyD;jzpf\/ azmfjycJhonfhtcuf<br />

tcJrsm;½Sdaeaomfvnf; usef½Sdaeao;onfh aiGESifhyifrwnfí ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkifwck jzpfay:vmatmif<br />

BudK;pm;&OD;rnfom jzpfonf/ ESpfpOf wuo\ ynmoifaxmufyHhaMu;qk (2) qkudkvnf; ynmvdkvm;NyD; pD;yGm;a&;tm;<br />

jzifh taxmuftul vdktyfaomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tenf;ESifhtrsm; tultnDjzpfap&eftwGuf ,ckESpfrS pwifí<br />

&efykHaiGw&yf zGifhvSpfxm;&ef BudK;pm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/ tjcm; tao;pdwfvkyfief;taeESifhrl NyD;pD;cJhaom atmufwdkbm<br />

pmar;yGJü &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfrsm;odkY oGm;a&mufajzqdk&rnfh ausmif;aqmiftoD;oD;rS ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tzdkY<br />

oGm;vmrIvG,fulap&ef armfawmfum;rsm; pDpOfay;cJhayonf/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufrsm; ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkY&yfxH<br />

jyefMu&mü ESpfpOf&tyf&jrJjzpfaom EdkifiHawmf avaMumif;o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;XmerS txl;avQmhEIef;udk ½kyfodrf;vdkufojzifh<br />

jyefvnf ay;tyf&ef awmif;qdkxm;cJhayonf/<br />

4/ ausmif;om;-q&m yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;ESifh ywfoufí ,ckESpfwGif tawmfatmifjrifonf[k ,lq&ayrnf/<br />

a½G;aumufyGJESpfckvkH;ü q&mBuD;rsm;\ tm;BudK;rmefwufulnDjcif;rsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJpDpOfvkyfudkifjcif;rsm;<br />

onf xif½Sm;aomatmifjrifcsuf om"ursm; jzpfayonf/ þodkY ausmif;om;wdkY\ vkyfief;wGif 0dkif;0ef;ulnDaom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

aMumifhvnf;aumif;? q&mESifh ausmif;om; tjrJwrf; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;? nDñGwfa&; a½SUtvm;tvm aumif;rGefvm<br />

ap&efvnf;aumif;? NyD;pD;cJhonfh ulnDrItwGuf aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKonfh taeESifhvnf;aumif;? a½G;aumufyGJwGif<br />

yg0ifulnDcJhaom q&m^rrsm;tm; wuorS aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKyGJw&yf usif;ycJhayonf/ þonfrSmvnf; q&mausmif;<br />

om;nDñGwfpGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf ydkrdkav;eufpGm tkwfjrpfcsay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; q&mBuD;rsm;<br />

jzpfonfh ygarmu©OD;bñGefY? a'gufwmomvS? a'gufwmnDnDwdkYonf wuorS OD;pD;onfh a[majymyGJrsm;wGif pmayESifh<br />

ywfoufaom a[majymcsufrsm;udk vma&mufa[majymcJhMuavonf/ EdkifiHjcm; ynma&;yg&*lrsm;tm; *kPfjyK{nfhcHyGJodkY<br />

q&mrsm;tm; zdwfMum;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf; q&mESifhausmif;om; ydkrdk&if;ESD;rI &½SdcJhavonf/ þtcsufrsm;udk axmufjcif;<br />

tm;jzifh ,ckESpfwGif q&mESifhausmif;om; &if;ESD;cspfcifrI? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrIrsm; ,cifESpfrsm;uxuf ydkrdkwdk;wufvm<br />

aMumif; awGUEdkifayonf/ aemifwGif ,ckxufydkrdkí &if;ESD;rI? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrIrsm; jyKvkyfoGm;&efvnf; wuorS<br />

cH,lcsrSwf xm;ayonf/<br />

5/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ywfoufí ,cifESpf wuorS awmif;qkdwdkufyGJ0ifcJhaomaMumifh<br />

ausmif;aqmifpDrHtkyfcsKyfcGifh &½SdcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYxdyif wdwdusus taumiftxnfazmfNyD; raqmif½GufEdkifjzpfaeay<br />

onf/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif oufqdkif&myk*¾dKvfwdkYu tkyfcsKyfcGifh vTJtyfray;jcif;? vTJtyfay;&ef aESmifhaES;xm;jcif;ESifh<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fwdkif vufrcH&ef enf;trsKd;rsKd;rsm;jzifh BudK;pm;aejcif;rsm;udk awGU½Sd&avonf/ þrvdkvm;tyfonfh<br />

tcsufrsm;tjyif ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;udk ausmif;om;rsm; em;rvnfoabmraygufap&ef ½IyfaxG;atmifvkyf<br />

jcif;? roufqdkifaomvkyfief;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tm; cdkif;apjcif;jzifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; oabmuGJvGJrIrsm;<br />

ay:apjcif;paom rzG,f&monfh tcsuftvufrsm;vnf; ay:aygufvsuf ½Sdayonf/ þjyóemrsm;udk uRefawmfwkdYtrI<br />

aqmiftzGJUonf ,cktcsdefxd xda&mufpGm bmrQrajz½Sif;cJhaomfvnf; vmrnfhESpf ausmif;zGifhcsdefrSpí pepfwuspDrH<br />

udef;cs udkifwG,fvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef owfrSwfxm;ayonf/ vmrnfhESpfwGif ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhywfouf<br />

í wzufrS ynmay;½Sif;vif;a&;ESifh 0g'jzefYcsdvIHYaqmfa&; tpOfojzifhvkyfudkifoGm;NyD; tjcm;wzufrS ausmif;aqmif<br />

tvdkuf owfrSwfxm;onfhaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;? aumfrwDrsm;\ tcGifhtmPm twdtusazmfxkwfNyD; pDrHtkyfcsKyfrIudk<br />

taumiftxnfay:vmap&ef vufawGUñTefjyvkyfudkifjcif;rsm; aqmif½Guf&efpaom vufawGUvkyfief;rsm;udk udkifwG,f<br />

vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef pDpOfvsuf½Sdayonf/<br />

wzufwGif azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJü aMunmcJhaom wuo\<br />

t"duvkyfief;pOf wm0ef (12) &yfudk taumiftxnfay:atmif aqmif½GufvkyfudkifcJh&mwGif vkyfNyD;? vkyfqJESifh<br />

vkyfvwHåUaom vkyfief;rsm;ü atmifjrifcJhonfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf;½Sdayonf/ ratmifjrifao;onfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf;<br />

½Sdayonf/ wpdwfwa'o ratmifjrifao;onfh qufvufvkyf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; ½Sdayonf/ rvkyfudkif rxrf;<br />

aqmif&ao;onfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; ½Sdao;onfudk xyfrHwifjyvdkayonf/<br />

tcef;(4)<br />

tjcm;vkyfaqmifcJhaomvkyfief;rsm;<br />

1957 ck? atmufwkdbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf wuoodkY tvnftywfvm&m<br />

0,f wuotrIaqmiftzGJUrS vIdufvIdufvSJvSJBudKqdkcJhayonf/ OD;EkESifh trIaqmifwkdY cspfcif&if;ESD;yGifhvif;pGm ausmif;om;<br />

a&;&mjyóemrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhMuavonf/ wuorS t"duxm;í wifjycJhonfhtcsufrsm;rSm EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynm<br />

a&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf tpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;ya&;? zsufodrf;cHae&aom <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ta&;? tzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;ta&;? ausmif;xkwfcHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;ESifh pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh ydwfyifcHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ta&;udk t"duxm;í wifjyaqG;aEG; cJhayonf/<br />

1/ 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ tMuHay;csuft& ynma&;aumfr½Sif\ tultnDjzifh Edk0ifbmESifh 'DZifbmvrsm; twGif;<br />

wGif qdkAD,uf,leD,H? jynfolYw½kwfjynf? t*Fvefpaom EdkifiHrsm;rS a&muf½Sdaeaom ynma&;yg&*lrsm;udk wuorS<br />

OD;pD;zdwfac:um ynma&;a[majymyGJrsm; qufwdkufusif;ycJhayonf/ þyg&*lrsm;onf rdrdwdkYEdkifiHtoD;oDD;½Sd ynma&;<br />

pepf toD;oD;taMumif;udk tao;pdwfa[majymvsuf r½Sif;vif;onfhtcsuftvufrsm;udk pdwf½SnfpGm ajzMum;onfh<br />

twGuf ausmif;om;xkod½Sdvdkonfh tcsuftm;vkH;udk od½SdcGifh &½SdcJhayonf/<br />

2/ þodkY wuo\zdwfMum;csuft& vma&mufa[majymMuonfh EdkifiHjcm;yg&*l {nfhonfawmfrsm;tm; csD;usL;<br />

*kPfûyonfhtaejzifh {nfhcHyGJw&yfudk 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (27) &ufaeYwGif wuocef;rü jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þ{nfhcHyGJü<br />

q&m^rrsm;? wuúodkvf½Sd toif;tzGJU tiftm;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? jyifyEkdifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh owif;axmufrsm;udk<br />

559

560<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

zdwfMum;cJhonfhtjyif wuo\ EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;ya&;ESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm;<br />

wifjycsufrsm;udk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/<br />

3/ 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (26) &ufaeYwGif *syefjynfvkH;qdkif&m ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú|ESifh *syefjynf<br />

tEkjrLvufeufqefYusifa&;tzGJU (Japanese Council Against A&H Bomb) onf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

(I.U.S) udk,fpm;vS,ftaejzifh ArmjynfodkY vma&mufvnfywf&m wuorS *kPfjyK{nfhcHcJhaMumif;/ wuo\{nfhonf<br />

tjzpf &efukefNrdKUwGif wywfMumrQaexdkifNyD; ausmif;om;a&;&mjyóemrsm; urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&;jyóemrsm;udk &efukefjrdKU½Sd<br />

toif;tzGJUaygif;pkHESifh cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm awGUqkHaqG;aEG;oGm;cJhayonf/<br />

4/ 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (6-7-8) &ufaeYrsm;wGif rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;usif;yaom<br />

oD;jcm;wuúodkvf tBudKyGJawmfodkY rwuo\ zdwfMum;csuft& wuorS OD;pD;acgif;aqmifí tm;upm;orm;rsm;ESifh<br />

,Ofaus;rIudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifwufa&mufcJhMuayonf/<br />

wuorS xdkodkh rEÅav;tBudKyGJawmfodkh wufa&muf&mwGif-<br />

(1) vmrnfhESpfrSpí rEÅav;wuúodkvfudk oD;jcm;wuúodkvfjzpfawmhrnfudk vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHjcif;ESifh<br />

(2) rEÅav;wuúodkvf nDaemifausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;cspfcifa&;? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;[lonfh tajccH<br />

oabmxm;ESpf&yfjzifh wufa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/<br />

xkdYaMumifhvnf; wuúodkvfabmvkH;toif;? bwfpuufabm? abmfvDabmtoif;wdkYESifh yGJawmfwGif ulnD<br />

ujya&;twGuf tutzGJUrsm;udkyg wuorS zdwfac:pkpnf;í nDñGwfpGm tm;ay;wufa&mufcJhayonf/ odkYaomf<br />

rEÅav;wGif rarQmfvifhonfh jyóemwckESifh &ifqdkifcJh&í wuorS xdkudpöESifhywfoufNyD; 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSwfwrf;wif<br />

xm;cJhayonf/ rEÅav;odkY a&mufaomtcg q&mrsm;OD;pD;onfh uyGJrsm;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUu &efukefrSvmonfh uyGJrsm;udk<br />

tprf;ujyppfaq;cHNyD;rS ujy&rnfqdkvm&m wuotaejzifh þrludk vkH;0vufrcHEdkifaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY\<br />

uyGJrsm; vkH;0ujyjcif; rjyKcJhay/ rwuotaeESifh þppfaq;a&;tzGJUtm; tjyif;txef ta&;qdkaomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;<br />

yif jzpfcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ppfaq;a&;tzGJUwGifyg0ifaom q&mwpk\tjyKtrlESifhywfoufNyD; rwuorSvnf;<br />

0rf;enf;aMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhavonf/ aemif þtjzpftysufrsKd; ay:aygufrIjzpfrvm&efESifh wm;qD;Edkif&efwdkYtwGuf<br />

þtjzpftysufu <strong>or*¾</strong>ESpfckwdkYtm; BuD;pGmaomoifcef;pm ay;tyfcJhayonf/<br />

5/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf tMudKyGJawmfodkY {nfhonfawmftjzpf wufa&muf&if; rEÅav;jrdKU½Sd pdkufysKd;a&;twwf<br />

oifr[mXmeausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifrsm;ESifh 'DZifbm (11) &ufaeYwGif vnf;aumif;? rEÅav;aq;twwfoif<br />

r[mXmecGJausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUESifh (9) &ufaeYwGif vnf;aumif; wuotrIaqmifwdkY &if;ESD;cspfMunf<br />

a&;twGuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhMuayonf/<br />

6/ tif*sifeD,mr[mXmeausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;wuf 75% rjynfhvQif pmar;yGJajzcGifh ray;onfhudpöudk<br />

wuoonf tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh vufwGJwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf ½Sdayonf/ þudpöudk wuorS 1957<br />

ck? Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufuwnf;u qD;edwfodkY wifjyxm;aomfvnf; tif*sifeD,mr[mXmerSL;u aESmifhaES;xm;ojzifh<br />

Mum½Snfvm&m ,cktcg pmar;yGJrsm; eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaomaMumifh þudpöudk ajz½Sif;ay;&ef wuoESifh tif*sifeD,m<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYonf ygarmu©csKyfESifh (3) Budrfwdkif oGm;a&mufawGUqkH awmif;qdkaomfvnf; r&½Sdao;ojzifh a½SUquf<br />

vufaqmif½GufoGm;&ef tif*sifeD,m<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh nd§EIdif;wdkifyifvsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

7/ wuoa

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;aygif;OD;pD;um &efukefjrdKU ql;avbk&m;vrf; tvkyform;ausmufwdkifü usif;y<br />

jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þatmifyGJaeYü ynma&;tqdk? 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdkrsm; wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcsuf<br />

csrSwfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

(2) urÇmhausmif;om;aeh / / 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf urÇmYausmif;om;aeYjzpfonfh tavsmuf<br />

wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;aygif;vsuf udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;? urÇmYNidrf;<br />

csrf;a&;? urÇmYausmif;om;xk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;wdkYtwGuf a[majymyGJrsm;? uyGJrsm;ESifh wcrf;wem; usif;ycJhav<br />

onf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh yef;csDjyyGJESifh pmpDpmukH;jydKifyGJrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/<br />

yef;csDjyyGJudk wywfMumrQ wuocef;rwGif jyocJhayonf/<br />

(3) ausmif;om;aeh / / (19) Budrfajrmufausmif;om;aeYudk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;<br />

aygif;um Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;? AdkvfatmifausmfpuGJ,m;ü 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif usif;ycJhavonf/<br />

þausmif;om;aeYtcrf;tem; vlxkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;wGif ynma&;tqdkrsm;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdk<br />

rsm;udk wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfcJhayonf/<br />

tcef; (6)<br />

taxGaxG<br />

&JabmfwdkhwuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf<br />

csrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;udk taumiftxnfazmf&if; wuoBuD; BuD;xGm;wdk;<br />

wufa&;? *kPfodu©mjrifhwufa&;ESifh t"GefY½SnfpGmwnfjrJa&;wdkYtwGuf 0dkif;0ef;ulnD tm;ay;cJhMuaom yk*¾dKvftoD;oD;<br />

wdkYtm; atmufazmfjyygtwdkif; aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifvdkufayonf/<br />

wuoyd#uwfwdkufodkY pm;yGJukvm;xdkif (2) pkHESifh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; ay;vSLcJhaom EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf<br />

OD;EkodkY rsm;pGmaus;Zl; Oyum&wif½SdaMumif; wuorS rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ pmMunfhwdkuf wdk;wufrItajctaeESifh<br />

ywfoufí yd#uwfwdkufrSL;u oD;jcm;tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifoGif;OD;rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifulnD BuD;MuyfcJhMuaom &efukefwuúodkvf q&m^rtaygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;?<br />

rEÅav;r[mXmetoD;oD;rS q&m^rtaygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? wuo\ ynma&;a[majymyGJrsm;wGif pdwftm;<br />

xufoefpGm vma&mufa[majymulnDMuaom &efukefwuúodkvfq&mtoif;rS q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;<br />

Oyum& txl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/<br />

wuorS zdwfMum;csuft& vma&mufa[majymMuaom EdkifiHjcm;yg&*ltoD;oD;wkdYtm; þodkY vma&muf<br />

a[majymjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? þodkYa[majymEkdif&ef tpDtpOfrsm;vkyfay;onfh ynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfr½Sif wGJbuf<br />

twGif;a&;rSL; q&mOD;bjrifhtm; vnf;aumif; txl;aus;Zl;wifaMumif; *kPfjyKrSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/<br />

wuo\ zdwfMum;csuft& pmaytEkynmtaMumif; vma&mufa[majymcJhaom pma&;q&mrsm;tm; vnf;<br />

aumif;? pma&;q&mtoif;tm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/<br />

rEÅav;tBudKyGJawmf wufa&mufpOf 11? 12? 57 &ufaeYwGif rwuo? wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0ifrsm;tm;<br />

rdwfquf*kPfjyKyGJw&yf {nfhcHcJh&m xdk{nfhcHyGJtwGufvnf;aumif;? yGJawmfwufa&mufyg&ef zdwfMum;rItwGufvnf;<br />

aumif;? yGJawmfumvtwGif; jyKpkapmifha½Smuf {nfhcHrIrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? wuorS rsm;pGmcsD;usL;*kPfjyKaus;Zl;<br />

wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;aeY txdrf;trSwfyGJwGif urÇmYausmif;om;rsm; owif;ywftwGif; (Edk0ifbm 17 rS 24<br />

&ufaeYxd) zdwfrEÅujyKcsufaMumifh cif;usif;jyoaom yef;csDjyyGJjzpfatmif MudK;pm;aqmif½GufcJhonfh yef;csDq&m<br />

OD;eef;a0ESifh rdrdwdkYyef;csDum;csyfrsm; jyocGifhjyKaom yef;csDq&mBuD;toD;oD;wkdYtm; wuorS rsm;pGmaus;Zl;wif<br />

*kPfjyKygaMumif;ESifh rSwfwrf;wiftyfayonf/<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;aeYtxdrf;trSwf ya'omuyGJwGif yg0ifujyaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhwuG<br />

0dkif;awmfwD; tzGJUom;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/<br />

&JabmfwkdhazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif;<br />

igwdkY wuotrIaqmiftzGJUrS csrSwfcJhonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif<br />

atmifjrifonfh tcsufrsm;vnf;½Sdayonf/ ratmifjrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf;½Sdygonf/ wpdwfwa'oom atmif<br />

561

562<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf; ½Sdygonf/ tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;udk &ifqdkifaqmif½GufcJh&ojzifh<br />

csKdU,Gif;wdrf;yg;csufrsm;vnf; ½Sdonfudk igwdkYzGifh[0efcHcJhygonf/ þodkY qufvufí vkyfudkif&ef usef½Sdaeao;aom<br />

vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; OD;vnfrokef qufvufvkyfudkifoGm;rnf[k av;eufpGm uwday;cJhygonf/ ausmif;om;xk\<br />

wcJeufnDñGwfrItiftm;jzifh þvkyfief;rsm;udk atmifyGJyef;wdkifodkY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif aqmif½GufoGm;Ekdifrnf[k<br />

wifjy&if; ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;rS atmifyGJodkh<br />

aehpGJ- 1958 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (4) &ufaehwGif xkwfjyefaMunmonf/<br />

(¡) pmMunfhwdkufXmetpD&ifcHpm<br />

(ykH)<br />

armifpDD<br />

'k-Ouú|<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

(tpD&ifcHpm tpydkif;aysmufqHk;aeonf/)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfhwdkufonf þodkYtultnDawmif;cH&mü <strong>or*¾</strong>tcGifhtmPmESifh 0g'udk xdyg;apaom rnfonfh<br />

tultnDudkrQ vufcHpOf;pm;rnf r[kwfay/<br />

pmtkyfrsm;xm;½SdyHkpepf<br />

wuopmMunfwdkuf½Sd pmtkyfrsm;udk (Decimal Classification) ac: bmomESifhvnf;aumif;? bmom<br />

&yfqdkif&m trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf eHygwfrsm;a&;xdk;um olYbmomESifhol oDjcm;pD½Sdayonf/ þenf;pepfaMumifh pmtkyf<br />

iSm;&rf;olonf tvdk½Sdaombmom&yfudk wdkuf½dkufa½G;cs,fEdkifonf/ þodkY <strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfhwdkuftwGuf pmtkyfrsm;udk<br />

cJGjcm;í pepfwusxm;&mü wm0ef,laqmif½Guf vkyfudkifay;aom OD;tefYarmiftm; pmMunfhwdkufaumfrwD udk,fpm;<br />

aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/<br />

wuopmMunfhwdkuf\ owif;pm? *sme,fESifh ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;pm&if;udk atmufygtwkdif; jzpfayonf/<br />

jrefrmowif;pmrsm; t*Fvdyfowif;pmrsm; r*¾Zif;rsm; *sme,frsm;<br />

jrefrmhtvif; ae½Sif; jr0wD Time<br />

[Hom0wD e,l;wdkif; aoG;aomuf New Time<br />

vlxk vlxk*sme,f<br />

&efukef pD;yGm;a&;*sme,f<br />

xGef;aeYpOf jynfolY*sme,f<br />

vif;,kef<br />

ol&d,<br />

aMu;rHk<br />

pm;yJGukvm;xdkif (3) pHkESifh bD½dk (15) vHk; ½Sdonf/ owif;pmESihf *sme,frsm;rSm (enf;yg;ao;&m) wdk;csJU&ef<br />

vdktyfayonf/<br />

wuo pmMunfhwdkufonf 1956 ckESpf topfwzef wnfaxmifEdkifcJhonfrSpí ,aeYtcsdefxd (2) ESpf<br />

oufwrf; ½SdcJhayonf/ odkY&mwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfhwdkufrSm ppfrjzpfrDuvdk jrefrmjynf\ taumif;qHk;aom EdkifiHa&;pmMunfh<br />

wdkufwck rjzpfvmao;ay/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

ppfNyD;acwf jrefrmEdkifiH\ taumif;qHk;aom EdkifiHa&;pmMunfhwdkufwck jzpfajrmufa&; uREfkyfwdkY qufvuf<br />

BuKd;yrf;MuygpdkY/<br />

- <strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfUwdkuftm; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDMu<br />

- <strong>or*¾</strong>pmMunfUwdkuf wdk;wuf&rnf<br />

atmifomausmf<br />

pmMunfUwdkufXmerSL;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

563

564<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;pdk;odef;<br />

(1957-58)<br />

ajrmif;jrc½dkif? tdrfrJNrKdUe,f? ykvkanmif0dkif;½GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ ykvkanmif0dkif;½Gm jrefrmtxufwef;ausmif;?<br />

ajrmif;jrNrKdU tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1947-48 ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY<br />

a&muf½Sdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHkwGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD;<br />

&moufyef ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&\/ 1956-57 ckESpfwGif ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh &½Sdonf/ 1956-57 ckESpfrSmyif wuotrI<br />

aqmifwOD;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&í twGif;a&;rSL;wm0efudk ay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1957-58 ckESpf<br />

wGif wuo Ouú|jzpfonf/<br />

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ynma&;ESifh ywfoufí pHkprf;ar;jref;jcif;rsm;?<br />

EdkifiHjcm;yg&*lrsm;udk zdwfac:um tMuHOmPfawmif;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJh\/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;& tultnDjzifh ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh wuúodkvfaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkYu<br />

OD;pD;um usif;ycJh\/<br />

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u &efukefwuúodkvfrS ausmif;om;cspfMunfa&;tzGJUwzGJUudk w½kwfjynf? ,leefe,fodkY yxrqHk;<br />

tBudrf apvTwfcJh\/ w½kwfjynf? yDuif;NrdKUawmfü usif;yaom yÍörtBudrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufcJh\/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> - tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD (1957-1958)<br />

ukdodef;½Sef (aiGxdef;) udkÓmPf&if (tdk;a0wm0efcH) udkwifat; (twGif;a&;rSL;) rMunfat; (trIaqmif)<br />

udkvSjrifU (trIaqmif) udkbdk;[ef (trIaqmif) udka|;atmif (tvkyfwm0efcH)<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1957- 1958)<br />

aY½Swef; - udkcifarmifBuD; udkpD udkpdk;odef; udkodef;½Sef udkcifarmiftkef;<br />

(wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) ('k-Ouú|) (Ouú|) (aiGxdef;) (twGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

'kwd,wef; - udkcifatmif armifudk,k udkÓmPf&if udkatmifxGef; udkatmifomausmf udkapmwomuvm;<br />

(,Ofaus;rIESifhupm;ckefpm;) (vlxkqufqHa&;) (tdk;a0wm0efcH) (oufomacsmifcsda&;) (pmMunfwdkufrSL;) (EdkifiHjcm;a&;)<br />

aemufqHk;wef; - udkvSausmf &efuem; OD;uHodef; ygy,m;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

565

566<br />

1957-58 ckESpf<br />

wuo rnfodkh<br />

a½G;aumufvdkuf<br />

oenf;<br />

a½G;aumufyGJtBudK nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;<br />

ydkpwm vSnfUvnfyGJ<br />

wyfOD;rS a

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

a½G;aumufyGJudk atmifjrifpGm<br />

NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf? wnwmvHk;<br />

rJtEkdift½IH;udk<br />

apmifUíem;axmifMuaom<br />

&Jabmfrsm;rSm<br />

bGJYESif;obifta½SYwGif<br />

cJvsufyif? aemufqHk;eHeuf<br />

(4) em&DwGif tEkdift½HI;<br />

ausnm&m<br />

&efuif;rJ½HkrS rJyHk;,lvmpOf<br />

aq;odyÜHwyfOD;rSvnf; þodkh<br />

wyfOD;rJyHk;udk uckefí BudKvifUvmMupOf<br />

567

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

ta½G;cH&aMumif;<br />

ausnmjcif;cH&í<br />

aysmf½GifpGmjzifU a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

NyD;qHk;cJUNyD;wum;/<br />

568<br />

rJrsm;udka&wGuf&ef rJyHk;oGefvdkufpOf<br />

wnwmvHk; tEkdift½IH; apmifUqdkif;í<br />

'dk;ywfwD;aeMuaom wyfOD;&Jabmfrsm;<br />

tEkdif&½Sdaom wyfOD;&Jabmfrsm;<br />

wuúodkvfe,fajrudk<br />

vSnfUvnfuckefpOf<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ<br />

1958 ck? Mo*kwf (9) &uf rS (13) &uf<br />

tcef; (21)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1958 rS 1959)<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuo Ouú| OD;pdk;odef; rdefhcGef;ajymaepOf (&efukefwuúodkvfbJGYESif;obifcef;r)<br />

569

570<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJusif;y&mü A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS<br />

(10) OD;? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS (5) OD;? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS (5) OD;?<br />

rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS (5) OD;? ausmif;jzLaumvdyfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS (5) OD;? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS<br />

(5) OD; aygif;tzGJU0ifaygif; (40) yg0ifonf/<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJOD;pD;tzGJYwGif-<br />

1/ udkpdk;odef; obmywd (wuo)<br />

2/ udkapmvGif 'k-obmywd (rwuo)<br />

3/ udkcifarmiftkef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo)<br />

4/ udkwifa½T wGJbuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (rwuo)<br />

5/ udkausmfvS tzGJU0if (armfvNrdKifaumvdyf)<br />

6/ udkrif;axG; tzGJU0if (armfvNrdKifaumvdyf)<br />

7/ udkñGefYaZmf (rauG;aumvdyf)<br />

8/ udkrif;ausmf (rauG;aumvdyf)<br />

9/ (ausmufjzLaumvdyf)<br />

10/ (ausmufjzLaumvdyf)<br />

11/ udkcifxGef; (ykodrfaumvdyf)<br />

12/ (ykodrfaumvdyf)<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif 0efBuD;csKyfudk,fwdkif wufa&muf rdefYcGef;ajym&efjzpfaomfvnf; c&D;vGefaeojzifh<br />

o0PfvTmom ay;ydkYcJhonf/ 'k-0efBuD;csKyf ocifwifuvnf; o0PfvTmay;ydkYcJhonf/<br />

'k-0efBuD;csKyfocifwif\o0PfvTm<br />

odkh<br />

jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;aumfrwD<br />

ausmif;om;^oltaygif;wdkharmifwdkY<br />

usKyfwdkY ,aeYta&;BuD;qHk;aom jyóemonf tb,fenf;/<br />

armifwdkY usKyfwdkY\ ,aeYta&;BuD;qHk;aomjyóemrSm jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD;onf tbufbufrS<br />

wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;yif jzpfonf/<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD; tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef rnfonfhudpöudk aqmif½GufMurnf<br />

enf;/<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHol^om;rsm;tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmif aqmif½Guf&efyif jzpfonf/<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHol^om;rsm;tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmatmif rnfonfhudpöudk aqmif½Guf<br />

Murnfenf;/<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHol^om;rsm;tm; vlawmfvlaumif;rsm;jzpfvmatmif aqmif½Guf&efyif jzpfonf/<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHol^om;rsm;tm; vlawmfvlaumif;rsm;jzpfvmap&ef ynmay;jcif;ESifh ynm½Smjcif;yif<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

ynmay;jcif;? ynm½Smjcif;qdk&mü arG;onfaeYrSpí aoonfaeYtxd aqmif½Guftyfaom vkyfief;jzpfay<br />

onf/ tvGefus,fajymaom vkyfief;BuD;w&yfvnf; jzpfayonf/<br />

ynmay;jcif;? ynm½Smjcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vkyfief;jzpfí us,fajymoavmuf tvGefeufeJcufcJaom<br />

udpöBuD;vnf; jzpf\/ aeY½Sdoí? tcsdef½Sdoí vIyf½Sm;wdk;wufaeaom udpövnf;jzpf\/<br />

xdkodkYwNyD;um; usKyfnDi,f? nDri,frsm;onf ,aeYtcsdefü rdrdwdkY ESD;aESmzvS,ftHhaom udpö\oabm<br />

obm0udk vnf;aumif;? twdrfteufESifhyrmPudk vnf;aumif;? aumif;pGmtm½HkjyKMuvsuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH<br />

awmfBuD; tbufbufrS wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef pGrf;aqmifEdkifMuap[k qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygonf/<br />

(yHk)<br />

'k-0efBuD;csKyf<br />

(jynfaxmifpkvlrIa&;)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

ynma&;0efBuD; OD;ausmfZHuvnf;

572<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

w,f/ tar&duefeJY qdkAD,ufrSm q&m (1) a,muf ausmif;om; (24) a,mufuspD ½Sdygw,f/ tdrfeD;csif;<br />

tdE´d,jynfBuD;rSm ausmif;om; (32) a,muf q&m (1) a,muf½Sdygw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSm q&m (1)<br />

a,muf ausmif;om; (26) a,muf½Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk trSefa&mufatmif EIdif;,SOfapvdkygw,f/<br />

(3) ynma&;qdkonfrSm vlxk\oabmxm;? vlxk\,HkMunfrIrsm;rSm tjrpfwG,faeygw,f/ vlxkoabm<br />

xm;? vlxk\,HkMunfrIudk wr[kwfjcif; pGefYvTwfap&ef cJ,Of;ovdkyJ tjrpfwG,fNyD; ynma&;pepfudk<br />

vnf; wr[kwfjcif; tjrpfrSEkwfypf&ef cJ,Of;wwfygw,f/ Oyrmjyr,fqdk&if b0opfzefwD;rIpDrHudef;<br />

[m wuúodkvf wvrf;oGm;pepfrS pufrIvufrItoufarG;0rf;aMumif; ynma&;bufodkY vrf;vTJ&efjzpfí<br />

(Dignity of Labour) ac: pufjzifhvkyf&onhftvkyf/ ,if;rrQwrIudk ukef;atmfaeaomfvnf; ,ck<br />

ausmif;toD;oD;rSmaeMuwJh ausmif;om;aygif; (1) oef;cGJausmfausmfa&m? olwdkYrdb? aqGrsKd;? rdwfaqGrsm;<br />

a&m? wuúodkvf wvrf;oGm;ynm? vcpm;ynm (0g) uRefynmudkyif ESpfoufaeMuygao;w,f/<br />

tay:,Hay:vmwJh ynma&;pepfav;udk ref;rIwfNyD; jyKjyifvdkYr&yg/ tjrpfwG,fxm;wJh vlxk\,HkMunf<br />

rI? oabmxm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;rS &Edkifygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHuJhodkY 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHrSmawmh tJ'Dvlxk<br />

\,HkMunfrIawG? oabmxm;awGajymif;vJypfzdkY&m tcsdefawmh enf;enf;Mumw,f/ 'gayrJh wcgajymif;vJ<br />

NyD;&ifawmh urÇmwnfoGm;Edkifygw,f/ 'Drdkua&pD[m 'Dvdkoabmawmh ½Sdygw,f/<br />

ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDonf vdk&myef;wdkifodkY a&mufatmif vrf;ESpfoG,fjzifh csDwuf&ef pDpOfxm;ygw,f/<br />

wvrf;rSm ESpfwdkpDrHudef;? tJ'DpDrHudef;eJY ,ckvuf½Sdtajctaet& ajz½Sif;ay;EdkifwJh ynma&;jyóemudk csufjcif;<br />

ajz½Sif;ay;r,f/ wvrf;rSm ESpf½SnfpDrHudef;? tJ'DpDrHudef;rSm wjznf;jznf; a&½Snfajz½Sif;ay;rS&rnfh jyóemrsm;yg0if<br />

r,f/ oabmrSmawmh iSufzsm;zsm;NyD; acgif;udkufaewJh vlwa,mufudk yxracgif;udkufaysmuf&ef aq;wdkuf&ovdk<br />

acgif;udkufaysmufaq; wdkufwmu ESpfwdkpDrHudef;? tzsm;jywfoGm;atmif ukojcif;u ESpf½SnfpDrHudef;jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm acgif;udkufaysmufatmif? tzsm;jywfaq;[lí ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;cGJNyD; pOf;pm;apvdkygw,f/<br />

ESpfwdkpDrHudef;udk? ESpf½SnfpDrHudef;rsm;twGuf tcsuftvufrsm;udk ½SmazGonfhae&mrSm atmufygtcsuftvuf<br />

uav;awGudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;apvdkygw,f/<br />

1/ vlOD;a&oef; (20) ½Sd jrefrmEdkifiHawmfrSm ,ckynma&;twGufaiG (13) uka# oHk;pGJygw,f/ EdkifiHawmftwGuf<br />

oHk;aiGtm;vHk;\ 10.6% jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DoHk;aiG (1) uka#eJY &mcdkifEIef; (2.5) u (16) ESpftwGif; wjznf;jznf;<br />

wufvm&ygw,f/ vlOD;a&oef; (20) ½Sd ,dk;',m;EdkifiHrSm 10.5%? vlOD;a&oef; (20) ½Sd tD*spfEdkifiHrSm 11%? vlOD;<br />

a& (10) oef;½Sd oD[dkVfrSm 18.1% ponfoHk;ygw,f/<br />

2/ ,ck jrefrmEdkifiHawmfrSm txufwef;ausmif;om;aygif; (3) odef;eD;eD;½Sdojzifh vlOD;a&eJYpmaomf vl (60)<br />

wGif txufwef;ausmif;om;aygif; (1) a,muf½SdaeNyD; tdrfeD;csifEdkifiHjzpfwJh tdE´d,rSm vl (313) a,mufrSm txufwef;<br />

ausmif;om; (1) a,muf? oD[dkVfwGif vl (38) a,mufwGif (1) a,muf? *syefwGif vl (26) a,mufrSm (1) a,muf?<br />

qdkAD,ufEdkifiHjynfwjynfwGif vl (36) a,mufrSm (1) a,muf? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;wGif vl (35) a,mufrSm (1)<br />

a,muf½Sdwm awGU&ygw,f/ *syef? qdkAD,uf? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;EdkifiHrsm;rSm txufwef;ausmif;ynmrSm roifrae&<br />

jzpfygw,f/<br />

3/ ynm&nftqifhtwef;rSmvnf; EdkifiHjcm;ynmawmfoif ausmif;om;aygif; ,cktcsdefrSm (500) ausmfrQ<br />

½Sd&m oufqdkifwuúodkvfrsm;rS tJ'Dausmif;om;rsm;&JU ynm&nfwdk;wufrItwGuf auseyfw,fqdkwJh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;<br />

&½Sdxm;ygw,f/<br />

4/ pmoifMum;&rnfh tcsdefumvtydkif;tjcm;[m ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;[m oifcef;pm<br />

wckudk jrefjrefoif,lEdkifNyD;? tcsKdUrSmawmh aES;Muygw,f/ aemufawmhrS &Muygw,f/ 'gaMumifh (3) cguspepf/<br />

rufx&pf atmifcsufnHhrIrsm;udk atmufyg tcsuftvufrsm;udk rSDNyD; pOf;pm;xdkufygw,f/<br />

(u) jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ausmif;om;wa,muf[m (15) ESpfjynfh&if wuúodkvf0ifcGifh&ygw,f/ tjcm;EdkifiHrSm<br />

tenf;qkH; (17) ESpf½SdrS &ygw,f/ NAdwdefEdkifiHrSm (18) ESpf? w½kwfEdkifiHrSmvnf; (18) ESpfjzpfygw,f/<br />

(c) jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ausmif;om;wa,muf wuúodkvfa&mufatmif ausmif;rSm (9) ESpf pmoif&ygw,f/<br />

tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rSm (11) ESpf (12) ESpfausmf ae&ygw,f/ NAdwdefrSm (12) ESpf? tdE´d,jynfrSm (11) ESpf?<br />

w½kwfjynfrSm (12) ESpf jzpfygw,f/<br />

(*) jrefrmEdkifiHrSm aygif; (13) ESpfausmif;aeNyD;&if 'D*&D&Edkifygw,f/ tjcm;EdkifiHrSm tenf;qHk; (14) ESpf<br />

Mumygw,f/ NAdwdefEdkifiHrSm (15) ESpf? tdE´d,jynfrSm (13) ESpf? tar&duefrSm (16) ESpfjzpfygw,f/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

tJ'Dvdk urÇmYtajctaeeJY EIdif;,SOfNyD;rS tMuHtÓPfrsm; ay;apvdkygw,f/ 'grSvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;&JU<br />

taMumif;jycsuf[m ydkrdkcdkifrmawmifhwif;vmygr,f/ ynmwwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ tMuHÓPfay;csufrsm;eJY<br />

vnf; wlvmNyD; trsm;&JU½dkaoav;pm;rIudk &Edkifvmygvdrfhr,f/ ,ckjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ausmif;<br />

aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;[m jrefrmEdkifiHynma&;&mZ0ifwGif wcgrQrMuHKbl;wJh 'Drdkua&pDpepf<br />

BuD;\ tajccHobm0w&yfjzpfygw,f/<br />

tJ'Dawmh ed*Hk;csKyftaeeJY ajymvdkwmu rdrdyg0iftMuHÓPfay;wJhtydkif;rSm &mZ0ifwGifoGm;atmif tjyKoabm<br />

jzifh wnfwHhcdkifjrJwJh ynma&;pepfBuD;wck ay:aygufvmatmif rnfonfh tarSmifhya,m*rS ruyfapbJ 'dk YArmjynfBuD;&JU<br />

ynma&;pepfBuD;[m ArmyDyDArmqefqef aumif;&rnf[laom jzLpifwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;awGeJY tMuHaumif;ÓPfaumif;<br />

rsm; ay;Edkifygap[k qkawmif;tyfygw,f/<br />

ynmrifBuD; pnfola'gufwmOD;buvnf; wufa&mufrdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

ynmrif;BuD; pnfola'gufwmOD;b\rdefhcGef;<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ausmif;om;aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;odkh te,fe,frS wufa&mufvmMuwJU<br />

ausmif;om;^ol udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkhynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;<br />

pwifzGifhvSpfwJhaeYrSm pum;tenf;i,fajym&vdkY rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmufrdygw,f/<br />

,ck ausmif;aygif;pHkESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; rnfuJhodkY jzpfay:vm&w,fqdkwmudk tm;vHk;odNyD;jzpfygw,f/ 'DESD;aESmzvS,f<br />

yGJBuD;rSm jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;u ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifawmh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;[m e,faygif;<br />

pHku ausmif;om;rsm;eJY twlpm;? twlae? twlaqG;aEG; jyKvkyf&awmhr,f/ ynma&;oabmw&m;? vlrIa&;oabmw&m;<br />

eJY Munfhr,fqdk&if 'g[m tvGefaus;Zl;½Sdygw,f/ 'DESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;om rjzpfajrmuf&if b,frSmwOD;eJYwOD; ,ck<br />

uJhodkY awGUEdkifMurSmvJ/ 'gaMumifh tultnDay;wJh ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwD[m rjzpfraeBudK;pm;vmwJh &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>a&m rsm;pGmaus;Zl;wifzdkYaumif;ygw,f/ 'DvdktcGifhtcgrsKd; jrefrmjynf ynma&;&mZ0ifrSm<br />

wcgrQr&ao;ygbl;/ 'DtcGifhtcgBuD;udk tjyKoabmoufoufeJY toHk;jyKNyD; rSwfwrf;wif? &mZ0ifxdk;avmufr,fh<br />

tMuHÓPfrsm;udk &vdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f/<br />

'DESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;u apmifhMunfh em;pGifhaeMuw,f/ jynfaxmifpkBuD;wif ruao;<br />

bl;/ jynfaxmifpkBuD;rSm½SdwJh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;uvnf; apmifhMunfhaeMuw,f/ bmaMumifhvnf;qdkawmh ,aeY ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;[m aemifwaeY jynfaxmifpkBuD;rSm ae&mXmetoD;oD;uaeNyD; acgif;aqmif&r,f/ ynmrif;BuD;ae&mawG?<br />

ygarmu©csKyfae&mawG? 'k-t"dywdae&mawG? 0efBuD;csKyfae&mawG? pufq&mBuD;ae&mawG? AdokumBuD;ae&mawG? armifwdkY<br />

r,fwdkY ,lMu&awmhr,f/ ]tayG;jrif tyifod} qdkovdk armifwdkYr,fwdkY ,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS ay;onfhtMuHrsm;&JU<br />

tqifhtwef;? tus,fteuf? ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk usif;yyHkrSaeNyD; ,ckacwfausmif;om;rsm;\ tem*wfudk od½SdcefY<br />

rSef;Edkifr,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dwm0efBuD;[m tifrwefta&;BuD;wJhtwGuf aumif;rGefaom tMuHÓPfrsm;&½SdvdrfhvdkY ,HkMunf<br />

ygw,f/<br />

,ck ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk usif;yay;wJhtwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rSm (0g) vlxkrSm aiGaygif; (5) aomif;ausmfrQ<br />

ukefusygw,f/ tpdk;&uay;wJh c&D;p&dwf? pm;p&dwfeJYvnf; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,fawG b,favmufvdrfhrvJ/<br />

ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; rdrdwdkYtdwfxJu tenf;i,fawmh aiGukefMu&OD;r,f/ 'gwifruao;bl; pDpOf<br />

ay;wJh ausmif;om;awG? e,frSvm&wJh udk,fpm;vS,fausmif;om;awGvnf; awmfawmfyifyef;MuvdrfhOD;r,f/ tJ'Dawmh<br />

aiGukefvlyef; usKd;eyf&atmif udk,fpm;vS,fausmif;om;rsm; BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&OD;r,f/ 'grS EdkifiHBuD;om;yDor,f/<br />

udk,fhwm0efudkodwJh ausmif;om;rsm; jynfaxmifpkom;rsm; jzpfw,f/ ,ck'Dwm0efudk xrf;aqmifEdkif&ifawmh aemif<br />

jynfaxmifpkwm0efBuD;udk xrf;aqmifEdkifwJh pGrf;&nf½SdNyD;vdkY rSwfwrf;wif&rSmyJ/<br />

ynma&;pepf[m awmfawmfhudk oem;p&maumif;w,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf ynma&;yJ tjypfwifMuwmyJ/ aps;awG<br />

wufukefNyD? ynma&;pepf nHhvdkYyJ/ ynmwwfawG tvkyfr½SdMubl;? ynma&;pepfnHhvdkYyJ/ (3) cguswmvnf; ynma&;<br />

pepfnHhvdkYyJ/ rufx&pfatmifcsuf nHhw,f? ynma&;pepf nHhvdkYyJ/ ausmif;aqmifawG jynfhaeNyD ynma&;pepfnHhvdkYyJ/<br />

trsKd;rsKd;a0zefoHawG Mum;&w,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'Dvdka0zefoHawG aysmufoGm;atmif 0dkif;0eftMuHÓPf&½SdzdkY BudK;pm;&ef<br />

vdktyfygw,f/<br />

ynma&;pepf aumif;onfjzpfap? nHhonfjzpfap oifMum;rI (Teaching) eJY oif,lrI (Learning) uawmh<br />

½Sd&r,f/ oifMum;ay;wm q&m? oif,lwm wynfh/ tJ'Dawmh ,ckwdk;wufaewJh pdwfynmt& q&m-wynfh qufqHa&;<br />

573

574<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

[m oif,loifMum;wJhae&mrSm awmfawmfc&D;a&mufygw,f/ q&meJYoufqdkifwJh udpöawGudkawmh jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;q&mrsm;toif;csKyfESifh yl;aygif;apmifha½Smufaeygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;bufu aumif;oxufaumif;oGm;<br />

atmifawmh 'DESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS ay:xGufvmygvdrfhr,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f/<br />

tar&duefwdkY? NAdwdefwdkY pwJhEdkifiHjcm;awGrSm enf;rsKd;pHkeJY q&mwynfh qufqHa&;aumif;atmif BudK;pm;Mu<br />

w,f/ tJ'Dwdkif;jynfu q&mawGu jrefrmjynfrSm q&mwynfqufqHa&; b,fvdkvJar;awmh q&mwdkYu jrefrmjynf<br />

rSm Ak'¨bmom xHk;wrf;pOfvmt& tmp&d,*kaPmteaEÅm½Sdw,f/ q&m[m bk&m;eJYwef;wl teaEÅmteEÅ*dkPf;0ifvdkY<br />

ajymawmh 'gjzifhq&mudkoydwfarSmufwmawG ½SdrSmr[kwfbl;aemfvdkY ajymMuw,f/ olwdkYwawGxifovdkjzpfatmif q&m<br />

awGeJY ausmif;wGif;udpöawGrSm qufqHwJhtcgrSm teaEÅmteEÅ*dkPf;0if[k wrsKd;wnf;owfrSwf&ef (odkYr[kwf) owfrSwf<br />

xm;Edkif&ef? ,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS enf;vrf;rsm; ay:aygufvmvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhygw,f/<br />

pmudkoif,lwJhae&mrSm rSefygw,f/ q&muvnf; aumif;&r,f/ oif&rJhpmuvnf; wynfh&JU touf?<br />

ynmÓPfyg&rDeJY udkufnD&r,f/ wynfhudk,fwdkifuvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;eJYwlatmif rSefrSefBudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI½Sd&r,f/<br />

armifwdkYr,fwdkY i,fi,fu zwfzl;cJhMuwJh vSnf;orm;eJYa&ewfom;&JU yHk0w¬KrSm vSnf;orm;wa,muf[m rdrdvSnf;bD;<br />

½THUxJrSmepfaeawmh a&ewfom;udkulnDygvdkY ½Sdcdk;awmif;yefw,f/ a&ewfom;u ]][,f vSnf;orm; udk,fwdkifcGeftm;<br />

pdkufxkwfjcif;r½SdbJ ighudk½Sdcdk;aejcif;onf tv[óyifjzpf\/ oif\ykcHk;jzifh vSnf;bD;udkwGef;í EGm;udk½kef;apavmh}}<br />

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ygvdrfhr,f/<br />

,ckausmif;aygif;pHkESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk usif;yay;&jcif;[m EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ 'Drdkua&pDudk ,HkMunfrI½Sd<br />

aMumif; cdkifvHkwJhoufao om"uwckygbJ/ 'Drdkua&pDr,f ay:vpDac: pepfw&yf wDxGifr,fqdk&if rdk;ay:uusrvm<br />

apygbl;/ oufqdkif&mwdkYESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJNyD;rS ay:vpDudk jyKvkyf&ygw,f/ ,ck ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDu ausmif;<br />

aygif;pHkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk ulnDusif;yay;&jcif;[m xdk'Drdkua&pD,HkMunfrIESifh aqmif½Guf&jcif; jzpfygw,f/<br />

'Drdkua&pDrSm onf;cHpdwfawmfawmf arG;&w,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh 'Drdkua&pDrSm wOD;eJYwOD; oabmxm;tjrif<br />

t,ltqjcm;em;jcif;udk vufcH&ygw,f/ trsm;oabmeJY n§dEIdif;NyD; taumifqHk;enf;vrf;udk trsm;aumif;usKd;twGuf<br />

jyKvkyfay;&ygw,f/ aqG;aEG;wdkif;yifMuwJhtcgrSmvnf; 'Dvdk'Drdkua&pDpdwfeJY aqG;aEG;wdkifyifapvdkygw,f/ ynma&;<br />

pHkprf;rIaumfrwDodkY tMuHÓPfrsm;ay;wJhtcgrSmvnf; 'Drdkua&pDpdwfxm;eJY ay;apvdkygw,f/<br />

tJ'D 'Drdkua&pD,HkMunfrIt& ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDrSm a&;ajzolaygif; (600) ausmfxHrS tajzvTmrsm;<br />

&½SdNyD;ygNyD/ aumfrwDudk (3) pkcGJNyD; jynfaxmifpkw0Srf;vHk;udk vSnfhvnfí oufaoaygif; (500) ausmfxHrS EIwfjzifhtMuH<br />

ÓPfay;csufrsm;udk ,lNyD;ygNyD/ EdkifiHa&;? bmoma&;toif;tzGJU toD;oD;eJYvnf; awGUqHkaqG;aEG;NyD;ygNyD/ EkdifiHjcm;ynm<br />

a&; yg&*lBuD;rsm;\ tMuHÓPfrsm;ukd EIwfjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? a&;om;apíaomfvnf;aumif; ,lNyD;ygNyD/ aumfrwDrSm<br />

vnf; tpnf;ta0;aygif; (75) Budrf usif;yNyD;ygNyD/ ,ck aemufqkH;taeeJY ausmif;om;rsm;&JU oabmxm;ukd&,l&ef<br />

,ck ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJMuD; usif;yay;&jcif; jzpfygw,f/<br />

ed*kH;csKyftaeeJY ajym&r,fqkd&if ausmif;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;[m &efukefrSm½SdpOf wOD;eJYwOD; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;<br />

rdwfaqGrsm;zGJUNyD; cspfcspfcifcif aygif;oif;aexkdifapvkdygw,f/ NyD;awmhvnf; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rSmvnf;<br />

tvGeftzkd;xkdufwefwJh tMuHÓPfrsm;ay;EkdifMuNyD; urÇmwnfatmifckdifjrJrJh ynma&;pepfBuD; ay:aygufvmatmif<br />

yl;aygif;aqmif½GufEdkifygapvkdY qkawmif;vdkufygw,f/<br />

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qifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuoOuú| udkpdk;odef;u rdefYcGef; ajymMum;cJhygonf/<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD obmywd wuoOuú| udkpdk;odef;\rdefhcGef;<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

xJrSm ausmif;taqmuftODeJY ausmif;oHk;qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;[m 61% avmufygoGm;w,f/ rysufqD;bJusefcJhwJh<br />

ausmif;taqmuftODawG[mvnf; rysufpD;½HkavmufyJ usefaecJhygw,f/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;aemuf ausmif;awGjyefzGifhNyD; ynma&;vkyfief;awG pcJhygw,f/ 'DvdkvkyfaqmifcJhwJh<br />

tcsdefupNyD; ,aeYtxd ausmif;taqmuftOD? q&m? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*awG[m vHkavmufw,fvdkY r½SdcJhbl;/<br />

ynma&;vkyfief;awG? pepfawG[mvnf; twnfwusr½Sdbl;? cPcP ajymif;cJh&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;<br />

awG[mvnf; ynmoifMum;a&;eJYywfoufNyD; rvHkavmufrIawG? ynma&;vkyfief; twdtusr½SdrIawGtwGuf ,aeY<br />

txd awmif;qdkjcif;? wdkufyGJ0ifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ygw,f/<br />

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pdkufNyD; avhvmwJhtcgrSm wdkif;jynftajctaeeJY ynma&;pepfudk avhvmMuw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wdkif;jynf[m 1948<br />

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½Sdaewmudk awGU&w,f/<br />

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cGJjcm;vdkYr&bl;vdkY od&w,f/ tck uRefawmfwdkY ArmEdkifiHudk MunfhvdkufwJhtcg wdkif;jynfu vGwfvyfw,f/ ynma&;u<br />

rvGwfvyf? ,ciftwdkif;qdkawmh vlysKdayguft½G,fudk EkdYpdkYoli,favmufyJxifNyD; EdkYpdkYt½G,ft0wftpm;awGudk 0wfcdkif;<br />

xm;ovdk jzpfaew,f/ 'DtwGuf ynma&;rSm ydkrdktusyftwnf; jzpfvmw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkY awGU&w,f/<br />

'Dvdk avhvm&cJhwJh tcsufay:rSm rlwnfNyD; uRefawmfwdkYpOf;pm;Muygw,f/ ynma&; vdktyfcsufawGtwGuf<br />

uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m awmif;qdkjcif;? wdkufyGJ0ifjcif; jyKcJhwm[m rSefvnf;rSefw,f? obm0vnf;usw,f? odkYaomf<br />

'Dvdkawmif;qdkwmeJY vHkavmufNyDvm;? rvHkavmufao;bl;/ awmif;qdkvdkY &wmawG[m ynma&;pepfBuDudk zmax;½HkyJ<br />

jzpfw,f/ aemufNyD; jyefay:vmrSmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh ynma&;udk zmax;½Hkr[kwfbJ tjrpfupNyD; jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifrSom<br />

jzpfr,fvdkY ,HkMunfcJhw,f/<br />

'D,HkMunfcsuftwdkif; 1954-55 ckESpfupNyD; vuf½Sdynma&;pepfudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;zdkY awmif;qdkcJhMu<br />

w,f/ 1956-57 rSmqdk&if wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUu wuúodkvfynma&;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY<br />

wifjycJhMuw,f/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG&JU awmif;qdkaomaMumifhwaMumif;? ynma&;XmerSmvnf; vkyf&if;udkif&if;<br />

tusyftwnf; awGUvmwmuwaMumif; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u ynma&;udk jyKjyifzdkY BudK;pm;wmawGudk wcsufwcsufrSm<br />

ydk;pkef;MuL;vufovdk jrifawGUvdkuf&w,f/ 'DvdkjyKjyifzdkY BudK;pm;&if;u 1957 ckESpfrSm EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek udk,fwdkif<br />

obmywdtjzpf aqmif½GufNyD; ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwD zGJUpnf;cJhw,f/ ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDuaeNyD; EdkifiHjcm;<br />

yg&*lawG ac:NyD;avhvmcJhw,f/ ynma&;eJYywfoufwJh ar;cGefawG ar;jref;wmawG jyKvkyfcJhw,f/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG[mvnf; ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDudk vufcHBudKqdkNyD; ynma&;ar;cGef;awG<br />

ajzMum;cJhwJhtjyif EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJUrsm;? vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;<br />

yg0ifwJh ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yzdkY tMuHay;wifjycJhw,f/ 1957 ck? 'DZifbm (28-29) &ufaeY? armfvNrdKifNrdKU<br />

rSm usif;ycJhwJh wuúodkvfaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJrSmvnf; ynma&;ESD;aESmyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yzdkY wifjyqHk;jzwfcJhw,f/<br />

'DtMuHay;csuftay: rlwnfNyD; uRefawmfwdkY[m EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkeJY awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhw,f/ ynma&;<br />

pHkprf;rIaumfrwDrSvnf; wifjyw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf[m rMumrMum aqG;aEG;MuwJhtcgrSm ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;omyg½SdwJh ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;y&efeJY 'Dvdkusif;ywJhtcgrSm EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uyg ulnDr,f<br />

qdkwJh oabmwlnDrIudk &½Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&eJY ynma&;Xmeuyg tm;wufoa&m ulnDwJhtwGuf 'DaeY<br />

'DtcsdeftcgrSm ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifjcif; jzpfayw,f/<br />

'Dvdkjzpfay:vm&csufudk avhvm&if uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awGa&m? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uyg vuf½Sdynma&;udk<br />

jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYqdkwJhtcsufudk oabmwlMuw,f/ 'DoabmwlnDcsufudk tajccHxm;NyD; awGUqHkjcif;aqG;aEG;jcif;jyKvkyf<br />

cJhwJhtwGuf ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/ atmifjrifcJhw,fqdkwmxif½Sm;cJhwJh tcsufw&yf jzpfygw,f/<br />

575

576<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

a½SUrSmvnf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efqdkwJh tcsufudkrlwnfNyD; 'Dvdkaqmif½GufoGm;Mu&if; uRefawmfwdkYeJYwuG<br />

wdkif;jynfuvdkvm;wJh ynma&;pepfBuD;udk rvGJraoGa&mufEdkifvdrfhr,fqdkwm wxpfcs,HkMunfygw,f/<br />

'Dvdkynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ qdkwmrsKd;[m uRefawmfwdkY&JU &mZ0ifrSmr½SdcJhygbl;/ 'g[m yxrOD;qHk;tBudrfyJ<br />

jzpfygw,f/ 'DESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm uRefawmfwdkY&JUtawGUtMuHKeJY EdkifiHwumavhvm&wJh A[kokwudkaygif;NyD; vuf½Sdynm<br />

a&; tajctaeudk a0zefoHk;oyfwifjyw,f/ a0zefoHk;oyfNyD;MuwJhaemuf ynma&;eJYywfoufNyD; vdktyfaewJhtcsufawG?<br />

ynma&;vkyfief;pepfawGudk wifjytMuHÓPf ay;rSmyJjzpfygw,f/<br />

'Dvdkwifjy tMuHÓPfay;wJhpmwrf;awG[mqdk&if (1) ynma&;0g'eJYoabmxm;rsm;? (2) rlvwef;eJY rlvwef;<br />

vGefynma&;? (3) txufwef;vGefynma&;? (4) pufrIvufrI toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIynma&;? (5) vlrsKd;pkynm<br />

a&;? (6) oufBuD;ynma&;ESifh vlxkynma&;wdkY jzpfygw,f/ tjcm;pmwrf;rsm;tjzpf oifMum;rIr@dKif bmom&yfpmwrf;<br />

eJY q&mxkwfvkyfa&; pmwrf;wdkY jzpfw,f/<br />

'Dvdk uRefawmfwdkYausmif;om;awG[m ynma&;pepf? ynma&;pDrHudef;rsm; csrSwfrItwGuf wwfEdkifwJh tul<br />

tnDawGay;a&;? ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifa&;twGuf wwfEdkifwJh tultnDawGay;a&;/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJ<br />

Edkifa&;twGuf n§dEIdif;wdkifyif aqG;aEG;MuwmudkyJ ]EdkifiHa&;rSuif;ygp} qdkwJh oHo,MunfhMu? a&;Mur,fqdk&ifawmh<br />

'Dyk*¾dKvfrsm;[m tifrwef tjrifusOf;NyD; ausmif;om;awGtay:rSm rvdkwrm tmCmwxm;olawGyJ jzpfw,fvdkY<br />

uRefawmf ajymcsifygw,f/<br />

ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYeJY ywfoufNyD; uRefawmfwdkY&JU &mZ0ifordkif;rSm 1920 ckESpfu wBudrf? ,ckwBudrf<br />

(2) Budrf jzpfygw,f/ 1920 jynfhESpf ausmif;om;oydwfta&;awmfyHkudk avhvmr,fqdk&if EdkifiHa&;t& t*Fvdyfe,fcsJU<br />

orm;&JU zdESdyfrIudkwGef;vSefNyD; rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf aygufzGm;vmzdkY vIHYaqmfcJhwm½SdcJhw,f/ ynma&;t&qdk&if ]trsKd;om;<br />

ynma&;} qdkwJha

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

9/ oufBuD;ynma&;pmwrf;<br />

10/ vlxkynma&;pmwrf;<br />

11/ tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;jyóempmwrf;<br />

12/ aq;odyÜHr[mXmepmwrf;<br />

13/ tpdk;&pufrIvufrItxufwef;ausmif;pmwrf;<br />

14/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJay:aygufvmyHkESifh tajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcHpm<br />

ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuo\wifjycsuf<br />

(1)<br />

1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiHonf vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHwEdkifiHtjzpfodkY a&muf½SdcJhayonf/<br />

e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufum vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHwEdkifiH jzpfvmonfESifhtnD e,fcsJUorm;vufxufu<br />

¤if;wdkYtusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf vkyfaqmifcJhaom pD;yGm;a&;taqmuftOD? vlrIa&;? ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rItaqmuftOD<br />

wdkYudky,fcsum jynfolvlxktusKd;twGuf vlxktusKd;jyK taqmufttHkopfudk xyfrHwnfaxmif&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rIa&;&m tygt0ifjzpfonfh ynma&;taqmuftODudkum; vGwfvyfaomjynfaxmifpk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; r½Sdao;ay/ odkYtwGufaMumifhvnf; ,aeY ynma&;avmuwGif<br />

tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD;vQif rvdktyfaom tjzpftysufrsm; xGufay:aeonfrSm rsufjrifxif½Sm;<br />

jzpfayonf/<br />

þay:aygufrIrsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf/ ynma&;tajctaeudk rsuf<br />

ajcrjywf avhvmMunfh½IcJhonf/ ,aeYjzpfay:aeaom tcuftcJrsm; tusyftwnf;rsm;udk jyKjyifzmax;½Hkjzifh raysmuf<br />

EdkifawmhbJ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;wckvHk;udk ajymif;vJvsuf½Sdaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf tajctaeESifh udkufnD<br />

pGm jyKjyifa&;qGJrSom ajyaysmufEdkifrnf[k awGU½SdcJh&ayonf/ þodkYawGU½Sd&onfhtm;avQmfpGm vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;udk<br />

jyKjyifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk usif;yay;&ef wuorS<br />

awmif;qdkcJhayonf/<br />

,ckuJhodkY vIHYaqmfawmif;qdkaepOf 1957 ckESpf? ZGefv (8) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;rBuD;ü EdkifiHawmf<br />

0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ (4) ESpfpDrHudef;aMunmcsuf wGif ynma&;ESifhywfoufí atmufygtwdkif;awGU&<br />

ayonf/<br />

]ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yfudk a&;qGJapcsifw,f/} tJ'D ynma&;pDrHudef;[m-<br />

1/ jynfaxmifpkeJY toifhawmfqHk;jzpfNyD; uRefawmfwdkY tajctaeeJY wu,fwrf; taumiftxnfazmfEdkifwJh<br />

pDrHudef;jzpfapcsifw,f/<br />

2/ ynma&;rSmpdwf0ifpm;wJh jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ pkaygif;wdkifyifa&;qGJwJh pDrHudef; jzpfapcsifw,f/<br />

3/ wjynfaxmifpkvHk;u vufcHEdkifwJh pDrHudef;jzpfapcsifw,f/<br />

wzef (4) ESpfpDrHudef;ñTefMum;csufwGifynma&;onf<br />

,ckvuf½Sdynma&;pepfudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfNyD;vQif jyKjyifapcsifw,f/ tu,fí vdktyfu<br />

wckvHk;zsufypfNyD; topfwck jyefvnfa&;qGJapcsifonf[k ñTefMum;NyD; 0efBuD;csKyfu obmywdjyKvkyfum (9) OD;<br />

ygaom ynma&;aumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ xdkaumfr½Sifudkyif aemufxyfcsJUxGifum zGJUpnf;cJhjyefonf/<br />

þuJodkY ynma&;ESifhywfoufí jyKjyifajymif;vJoifhu ajymif;vJ&ef ynma&;aumfr½Sif zGJUvmjcif;onf<br />

wuooabmxm;ESifh udkufnDonfhtm;avsmfpGm xdkaumfr½Sifudk wuoonf c&D;OD;BudKqdkjcif;jyKcJhonf/ xdkaumfr½SifESifh<br />

ywfoufí yl;aygif;ulnD&ef qHk;jzwfcJhayonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf 24? 11? 57 &ufaeYwGif wuocef;rü EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh<br />

awGUqHkum ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wifjycJhayonf/ Edkifawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ekuvnf; wuo\<br />

wifjycsufudk ynma&;aumfr½SifwGif tav;teuf pOf;pm;ygrnf[k jyefMum;ajymqdkcJhayonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;csuft&<br />

ynma&;aumfr½SifwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufwifjycGifhudk &½SdcJhayonf/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

wifjy&mwGif ynma&;aumfr½SifrS wuo\vdkvm;csufrsm;udk jynfhpHkpGma&;om;wifjy&ef ajymMum;cJhayonf/ xdk<br />

ajymMum;csuft& wuotrIaqmiftzGJUrS pOf;pm;um ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifh ywfoufí ESD;aESmzvS,f&ef tcsuf<br />

577

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\yHkpHrsm;udk xyfrHía&;om; wifjyvdkufygaMumif;/<br />

(2)<br />

ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifhywfoufí-<br />

1/ ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;ESifh ynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;<br />

2/ ynma&;pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; [lí u@ESpf&yf ½Sdoifhonf[lí ,lqayonf/<br />

xdkodkY,lqonfh tm;avsmfpGm ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;? ynma&;pepfrsm;udk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

wuorS atmufygtwdkif; wifjyvdkayonf/<br />

(2-u)<br />

wdkif;jynfwck\ ynma&;pDrHudef;onf wdkif;jynf\ &nfrSef;&myef;wdkifodkY csDwufa&;twGuf vHk;0taxmuf<br />

tul jzpfayonf/ wdkif;jynf\ pD;yGm;a&;pepf? vlaerIpepf? ,Ofaus;rIpepfwdkYESifh udkufnD&ayonf/ þodkY udkufnDrS<br />

omvQif a&;qGJxm;aom ynma&;pDrHudef; (odkY) ynma&;pepfonf jynfoludktusKd;jyKaom pDrHudef;? wdkif;jynfu<br />

vufcHEdkifaom pDrHudef;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ xdkuJhodkYr[kwfbJ wdkif;jynf\ csDwuf&mvrf;aMumif;? wdkif;jynf\tajctaeESifh<br />

uif;vGwfum a&;qGJvQif xdkynma&;pDrHudef; (odkY) ynma&;pepfonf av;axmifhESifhpuf0dkif;uJhodkY cGifrusbJ tusyf<br />

twnf;rsm; ay:aygufum ysufpD;&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf ynma&;pDrHudef;? ynma&;pepfwckudk a&;qGJrnfqdkvQif yxrOD;qHk; wdkif;jynf\ &nfrSef;&m<br />

yef;wdkif? pD;yGm;a&;pepf (Economic System)? vlaerItaqmufttHkwdkYESifh udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g' (Education<br />

Policy) udk csrSwfoifhzdkYvdkayonf/<br />

Oyrm- w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHwGif ¤if;wdkY jyKjyifajymif;vJypfvdkufaom pD;yGm;a&pepf? vlaerIpepfwdkYESifh<br />

udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g'udk EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifhBuD;rS csrSwfvdkufí ynma&;pDrHudef;udk xdkcsrSwfvdkufaom<br />

0g'tay:wGif tajccHum aemufrS a&;qGJay;cJhayonf/<br />

ynma&;0g'ESif ywfoufí 1948 ckESpfwGif? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u 1946 ckESpfwGif zGJUpnf;cJhaom (Educational<br />

Policy Enquiry Committee) \ tpD&ifcHpmudk tajcjyKum ynma&;0g'[lí atmufygtwdkif; aMunmzl;\/<br />

1/ Adoption of a centralized control <strong>and</strong> administration of Education as in interim<br />

<strong>and</strong> experimental measure;<br />

2/ The discernment of the system of grant in aid; <strong>and</strong> the adoption of in its stead of a<br />

system of state schools.<br />

3/ The introduction of a pilot project for Compulsory Primary Education.<br />

4/ The new grading of schools.<br />

5/ The Provision of Vocational training <strong>and</strong> technical education <strong>and</strong><br />

6/ The adoption of Burmese as the medium of instruction in single unifiedsystem of<br />

schools.<br />

xdkYaemuf 1952 ckESpfwGif jynfawmfomynma&;pDrHudef; ESifh ywfoufí a,bk,srludk atmufygtwdkif;<br />

aMunmcJhjyefonf/<br />

1/ To ensure a universal knowledge of the three R’s* among the citizens of the Union.<br />

2/ To ensure the production of a sufficient number of technicians <strong>and</strong> technologists.<br />

3/ To train <strong>and</strong> equip young man <strong>and</strong> woman so that they can adequately <strong>and</strong> efficiently<br />

perform their various duties as citizens of the Union.<br />

4/ To eradicate illiteracy <strong>and</strong> produce man <strong>and</strong> woman who posses the five strengths<br />

(Bala Ngadan) <strong>and</strong><br />

5/ To perpetuate democracy within the Union.<br />

txufazmfjyygtwdkif; ynma&;rl? ynma&;0g'rsm;yif½Sdonf[k qdk&jim;aomfvnf; wdkif;jynf\ &nfrSef;&m<br />

yef;wddkif? pD;yGm;a&;? vlaerIpepfwdkYay:wGif pepfwusoHk;oyfum a&;qGJvmaom 0g'r[kwfjcif;? xdkynma&;0g'<br />

aMunmcsufrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf vdkvm;ouJhodkY jynfolw&yfvHk; yg0ifa&;qGJxm;aom 0g'r[kwfonfhtjyif<br />

Note- the three R’s* - Reading, W'rting, A'rithemetic.<br />

578

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

wdkif;jynf&nfrSef;&m yef;wdkifodkY csDwufa&;twGuf taxmuftuljyKrnfh pDrHudef;rsm;ryg½Sdjcif;? pDrHudef;ESifh0g'oabm<br />

xm;rsm; a&maxG;aejcif;? vuf½Sdynma&;avmu tajctaersm;? jzpf&yfrsm;udk avhvmMunfh½IvQifyif xdkynma&;0g'<br />

onf rSefuefonf[k r,lqEdkifjcif;wdkYtwGuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH\ &nfrSef;&myef;wdkif pD;yGm;a&;? vlaerIpepfwdkY<br />

udkufnDonfh ynma&;0g'w&yfudk atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;wGif tajcjyKuma&;qGJ&ef vdktyfonf[k wifjyvdkay<br />

onf/<br />

1/ vuf½Sd jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;vlaerIpepf(Social<br />

Economic System) udk avhvmjcif;/<br />

2/ vuf½Sd jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ &nfrSef;&myef;wdkif ]qdk½S,fvpfEdkifiHawmf} udk avhvmaqG;aEG;jcif;/<br />

(2-c)<br />

xdkuJhodkY EdkifiHawmf\ &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifodkY csDwuf&mwGif taxmuftuljyKNyD;vQif EdkifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;?<br />

vlaerIpepfwdkYESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;0g'w&yfudk csrSwfNyD;vQif xdk0g' taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf taxmuf<br />

tuljzpfap&ef vuf½Sdynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; avhvmjcif;<br />

jyKoifhonf[k wifjyayonf/<br />

1/ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfrS jzpfyGm;ay:aygufvmcJhaom jzpf&yfrsm;ESifh aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;rsm;/<br />

2/ vuf½Sdynma&;avmuBuD; wckvHk;\ tajctaersm;? ausmif;rsm;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rsm;? q&mrsm;<br />

ponf EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfrsm; avhvma&;ESifhywfoufí-<br />

(1) qdk½S,fvpfEdkifiHawmf wnfaxmifqJjzpfaom EdkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;?<br />

(w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH? ,l*dkpvm;AD;,m;)<br />

(2) qdk½S,fvpfEdkifiH xlaxmifNyD;jzpfaomEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (qdkAD,uf½k½Sm;)<br />

(3) pufrIvufrIzGHUNzdK;aeaomEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (tar&du)<br />

(4) v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;EdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? ('def;rwf)<br />

(5) vGwfvyfNyD;pEdkifiHrsm;rS ynma&;pepfudkavhvmjcif;? (tif'dkeD;½Sm;-tdE´d,)<br />

(2-*)<br />

txufazmfjyyg yxrydkif;jzpfonfh ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;? ynma&;avhvmokH;oyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

rnfonfhykHpHjzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJjyKvkyfrnfudk wuorS atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm;cJhayonf/<br />

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (aysmuf)<br />

csDwuf&mwGif wjynfaxmifvHk;u yg0if&ef vdkayonf/ þodkYyg0ifrSomvQif atmifjrifayonf/ odkYtwGuf ynma&;<br />

0g'csrSwf&mwGif wjynfaxmifvHk;u yl;aygif;csrSwfEdkif&efvdk\/ wenf;qdkaomf csrSwfvdkufaom ynma&;0g'onf<br />

wjynfaxmifvHk;u vufcH&efvdktyfrnf[k ,lqayonf/<br />

wzefvuf½Sd ynma&;pepfBuD;udk avhvmoHk;oyfa&;rSm jynfaxmifpkwGif;½Sd jynfolw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcJhonf<br />

jzpfí tm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;ynma&;pepfudk avhvmjcif;rSmvnf; ynma&;pepf a&;qGJ&eftwGufvnf;<br />

aumif;? rdrdwdkYynma&;pepfESifh EIdif;,SOf&eftwGufvnf;aumif; jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;ESifh oufqdkif<br />

ayonf/<br />

þodkYoufqdkifonfh tm;avsmfpGm yxrydkif;jzpfonfh ynma&;0g'csrSwfjcif;? ynma&;pepfudk avhvmoHk;oyf<br />

jcif;ESifh ywfoufí wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifoifhonf[k ,lqayonf/ xdkodkY ,lqonfh tm;avsmfpGm<br />

azmfjyyg tcsufrsm;twGuf ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif-<br />

1/ EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (zqyv? yrnw? r[mArm? qdk½S,fvpf? tvkyform; v,form; ygwD?<br />

wdkYArm-------ponf)<br />

2/ vlwef;pm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; (awmifolv,form;? Awvp? wvnp? tvkyform;? wD,lpDbD? bDwD,lpD<br />

ponf/)<br />

3/ vlxktzGJUtpnf;rsm; (ausmif;om;vli,f? ukefonfyGJpm; ponf)<br />

4/ ,ckvuf½Sdynma&;aumfr½Sif<br />

5/ ynma&;Xmeudk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

6/ ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm;<br />

579

580<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

7/ vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

yg0ifumEdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifrIjzifh usif;yjyKvkyf oifhonf[lí wifjyvdkayonf/<br />

(3)<br />

EdkifiHawmf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS ]ynma&;0g'} w&yf csrSwfNyD;pDcJhvQif xdk0g'udk<br />

taumiftxnf azmf&eftwGuf ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf wenf;qdkaomf ynma&;pepfw&yfudk a&;qGJ&ayvdrfhrnf/<br />

þuJhodkY a&;qGJ&mwGifum; tpdk;&ynma&;Xme udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm; yg0ifaom ESD;aESmzvS,f<br />

yGJBuD; w&yfrSaeí wm0ef,lum a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/ EdkifiHawmf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk taeESifhaomfum; rdrdwdkY<br />

tvdkus ynma&;0g'w&yf csrSwfNyD;pD;onfh tm;avsmfpGm yg0ifvkyfaqmif&ef wm0efr½Sdawmh[k ,lqayonf/ odkYtwGuf<br />

csrSwfxm;aom ynma&;0g'? ynma&;rlESifhtnD ynma&;pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJ&mwGif atmufygtwdkif; a&;qGJ&efvdktyf<br />

ayonf/<br />

(1) rlvwef;ynma&;<br />

rlvwef;ynma&;wGif u@ESpf&yf yg0ifayonf/ emp&D (ac:) uav;oli,fausmif;ESifh rlvwef;ausmif;<br />

jzpfayonf/<br />

rlvwef;ausmif;onf ynma&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm ta&;tBuD;qHk; pOf;pm;&rnfh<br />

tcsufjzpfayonf/ tajccHtkwfjrpf rcdkifrmvQif xdkynma&;pepfonf NydKuGJrnfjzpfayonf/ rlvwef;ynma&;udk<br />

pOf;pm;&mwGif vlwdkif;ynmwwfa&;udk tajccHum roifrae&ynma&;pepfESifh xdkpepfjy|mef;cJhaomf pD;yGm;a&;t&<br />

vkyfaqmifaeaom uav;oli,frsm; ynmoifMum;Edkif&ef pDpOfrIudkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf[k ,lqayonf/<br />

þae&mwGif roifrae& ynma&;prf;oyfonfh (Project) tawGUtMuHKay:wGif tajccHoifhayonf/<br />

(2) rlvwef;vGefynma&;<br />

(5) wef;? (9) wef;rSonf wuúodkvf0iftxd yg0ifaom ynmoifMum;a&;yifjzpfonf/ þtqifhwGif<br />

EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'twGuf tav;xm;um pOf;pm;a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

(3) txufwef;ynma&;<br />

wuúodkvfESifh (Institute) rsm; tygt0if jzpfayonf/<br />

(4) toufarG;0rf;aMumif;rIynmoifMum;a&;rsm;<br />

rlvwef;atmifjrifNyD;í ynmqufvufroifMum;Edkifaom uav;oli,frsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? rlvwef;<br />

vGeftqifh½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? wuúodkvfodkY ynmqufvufrqnf;Edkifolrsm;twGuf vnf;<br />

aumif;? 'D*&DbGJU& toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm&yfrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif; pOf;pm;a&;qGJ&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

(5) oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;<br />

(Curriculum) ,ckvuf½Sd oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;udk aocsmusepGmppfaq;í acwfaemufusjzpfaeaom oif½dk;<br />

oifwef;rsm;? wdk;wufaomacwfESifh rudkufnDaom oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;udk avhvmjzKwfy,fjcif;? acwfESifhnDatmif<br />

jyKjyifjcif;? EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'udk taumiftxnfazmfaprnfh oif½dk;oifwef;rsm; jzpfap&ef pDpOf&rnfjzpfayonf/<br />

(6) q&mjzpfoifwef;rsm;<br />

(u) vuf½Sdq&m? q&mrrsm;wGif a[mif;EGrf;aomt,ltqrsm; 0ifa&muf cdkatmif;vsuf½Sd&m EdkifiHawmf\<br />

0g'? ynma&;0g'ESifhtnD jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;/<br />

(c) q&mjzpfoifwef;ausmif;rsm; Teachership Training rsm;ta&;/<br />

(*) q&mrsm;tcGifhta&;? vpmaiGowfrSwfjcif;rsm;udk pOf;pmaqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

(7) ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfxkwfvkyfa&;<br />

(8) oufBuD;ynma&;ESifU tm;vyfcGifUoifwef;rsm;ta&;<br />

(9) okawoe½SmazGa&; wdkhjzpfonf/<br />

txufygtcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHawmfynma&;0g'ESifhtnD a&;qGJ&mwGif ynma&;Xmeudk,fpm;vS,frsm; ynma&;<br />

wwfuRrf;olrsm;\ wm0ef½Sdonfhavsmuf vuf½SdzGJUpnf;xm;aom ynma&;aumfr½Sif yk*¾dKvfrsm;tjyif jyifyrS ynma&;<br />

vkyfouf&ifholrsm;? ynma&;aumfr½Sifrsm;? aumfrwDrsm;wGif yg0ifcJhzl;olrsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;udkyg xyfrHjznfh<br />

pGufum n§dEIdif;a&;qGJ oifhonf[kí ,lqygonf/<br />

(4)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

odkYtwGuf wuorS xyfrHwdkufwGef;vdkonfrSm ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfaom (Education Policy) udk jynfaxmifpk<br />

om; w&yfvHk; vufcHonfh ynma&;0g'jzpfEdkifa&;? ynma&;pepf jzpfEdkifa&;twGuf tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ynma&;qdkif&m<br />

uRrf;usifolrsm; yg0ifaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wckudk tjrefqHk;usif;y&ef wdkufwGef;vdkufygaMumif;/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

aehpGJ- 7? 11? 57 &efukefNrdKY<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ<br />

ay:aygufvmyHkESifh tajccHoabmxm; taxGaxGtpD&ifcHpm<br />

&Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkhcifAsm;jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS þ<br />

ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ ay:aygufvmyHk? ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk rnfuJhodkY usif;yoGm;rnfudk tpD&ifcHvdkyg<br />

onf/ txl;ojzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\ tajccHoabmxm;udk azmfjytpD&ifcHrnf jzpfygonf/<br />

þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh rnfodkYay:aygufvmonfudk OD;pGmtpD&ifcHygrnf/ ESD;aESm<br />

zvS,fyGJ obmywd\ rdefYcGef;wGif azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfojzifh þtcef;udk tusOf;rQom tpD&ifcHrnf jzpfayonf/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;qHk;NyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;&½SdcJhonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif ynma&;avmuü<br />

tusyftwnf; trsKd;rsKd;awGUMuHKcJh&onf/ þodkYawGUMuHKcJh&aom tusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef ausmif;om;xk<br />

onf tBudrfBudrf tHk

582<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

þodkYwifjy&mwGif ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfrwDESifh tBudrfBudrf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJh&m ausmif;om;rsm;\ wifjy<br />

csuftwdkif; jynfhpHkonfh EdkifiHawmf½Sd jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKEdkifonfh ynma&;ESD;aESm zvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf<br />

usif;yEdkifa&;udk oabmwlnDcsuf r&½SdEdkifbJ ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yEdkifa&;udkom<br />

ulnDcJhayonf/ þodkY usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf wuotm; wm0efvTJtyfcJhNyD;aemuf usif;yvQif ynma&;pHkprf;rI<br />

aumfr½SifrS ulnD&efwdkYudk ulnDcJhayonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;jyKEdkifonfh ESD;aESm<br />

zvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;onfhtaejzifh ,ckausmif;om;rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;<br />

atmifjrifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;cJh&ayonf/<br />

,ckESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>?<br />

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? ausmufjzLOypmaum<br />

vdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? ykodrfOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

tzGJUcsKyfwdkY yl;wGJum A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf/<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD<br />

wuorS<br />

1/ udkpdk;odef; (obmywd) 6/ udkÓPf&if<br />

2/ udkcifarmiftkef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) 7/ udkcifarmifBuD;<br />

3/ udkodef;½Sef 8/ udkatmifomausmf<br />

4/ udkcifatmif 9/ udkvSwif<br />

5/ udkatmifxGef; 10/ udkav;ñGefY<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD<br />

( 1958 - 1959 )<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

rwuorS armfvNrdKifrS<br />

11/ udkapmvGif 16/ udkausmftkef;<br />

12/ udkcsKd 17/ udkausmfvS<br />

13/ udkwifa½T 18/ udkrif;axG;<br />

14/ udkcifarmif0if; 19/ udkausmf½Sdef<br />

15/ - 20/ rjrifhjzL?<br />

rauG;rS ausmufjzLrS<br />

21/ udkñGefYarmif 26/ udkbwif<br />

22/ udkrif;ausmf 27/ udkpdk;0if;<br />

23/ udkwifOD; 28/ udkxGm;csKd<br />

24/ udkxGef;EG,fOD; 29/ udkbdk;wif<br />

25/ udkcspfaiG 30/ udkpHvdIif<br />

ykodrfrS Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS<br />

31/ udkcifxGef; 36/ udkaZmf0if;<br />

32/ udkñGefY0if; 37/ udkvSjrifh<br />

33/ udkjrifhodef; 38/ udkpGefwdwf<br />

34/ udkarmifarmifpdef 39/ udkjrifhOD;<br />

35/ - 40/ udkndK0if;<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJOD;pD;tzGJY<br />

1/ udkpdk;odef; (obmywd) 7/ udkñGeYfarmif<br />

2/ udkapmvGif ('k-obmywd) 8/ udkrif;ausmf<br />

3/ udkcifarmiftkef; (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) 9/ -<br />

4/ udkwifa½T (wGJbuf-axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) 10/ -<br />

5/ udkausmfvS 11/ udkcifxGef;<br />

6/ udkrif;axG; 12/ -<br />

OD;pD;tzGJUudk azmfjyygtwdkif; wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;uspD yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;<br />

ayonf/ þodkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;atmifjrifa&;twGuf jyifqifBudK;yrf;Mu&mwGif 0rf;omtm;&pGmESifh tm;ay;BudKqdkaom<br />

jynfoltaygif;wdkY\ axmufcHtm;ay;rIudk &½SdcJhMuaomfvnf; wbufwGifvnf; rrSefuefaomoabmrsm;ESifh Munfh½IrI<br />

rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ESdrfhcsMunfh½Itxifao;rIrsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif; taESmifht,Suftzsuf<br />

tqD;rsm; &ifqdkifcJhMu&ayonf/<br />

rnfodkYyifjzpfap ,aeYEdkifiHESifht0Srf; a'otoD;oD; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkY pka0;a&muf½Sd<br />

aeMuayNyD/ EdkifiHawmf\ ynma&;0g'opf csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;twGuf pkaygif;aqG;aEG;<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,f wdkifyifMuawmhrnf jzpfayonf/<br />

&Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkhrnfodkYESD;aESmMurnfenf;/<br />

ESD;aESmNyD;aemuf EdkifiHawmftwGuf aumif;rGefaom tMuHÓPfrsm;udk rnfodkYpkaygif;<br />

Murnfenf;/ þonfwdkYum; ta&;BuD;aom pepfuspGmpOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufBuD;rsm; jzpfayonf/ þtcsufrsm;<br />

½Sif;vif;aqmif½GufEdkifa&;twGuf ,aeY&JabmfwdkY pkaygif;ESD;aESmMurnfh oabmtajccHrsm;udk wifjyvdkygonf/<br />

OD;pGmyxr ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ\ qdkvdkcsufESifhtjccHudk ½Sif;vdkygonf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJqdkonfrSm &JabmfwdkYMuHKawGU<br />

aeus tpnf;ta0;rsm;? nDvmcHrsm;uJhodkY r[kwfay/ pkaygif;awGUqHkum qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;<br />

awmif;qdk&ef pnf;a0;awGUqHk nDvmcHoabmrsKd; r[kwf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrSm pkaygif;awGUqHkum tajctaew&yf?<br />

583

584<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jyóemw&yfudk tawGUtMuHKtoD;oD;ESifh,SOfí ESD;aESmzvS,fMuNyD;aemuf xdktajctae odkYr[kwf jyóem&yfrsm;udk<br />

ajz½Sif;&efn§dEIdif; tajz½SmMujcif;jzpfonf/<br />

þodkYESD;aESmzvS,f&mwGif tajctaersm;udk ay:vGifEdkifatmif aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajctaerSef &½SdapEdkif&ef<br />

twGuf pmwrf;rsm;udk zwfMum;um xdkpmwrf;rsm;tay: tajcjyKaqG;aEG;Muayonf/ wifjyaom pmwrf;rsm;onf<br />

aqG;aEG;twnfjyK&rnfh pmwrf;rsm;r[kwf? tpD&ifcHpm oabmrsKd;r[kwf/ aqG;aEG;&mwGif tajccHoabmjzpfap&ef<br />

wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;jzpfayonf/<br />

pmwrf;rsm;tay:wGif tajccHum jynfh0pGmaqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf axmufcH&nfñTef;csufrsm;? tMuHay;csufrsm;udk<br />

pkaygif;xkwf,l &ayonf/ axmufcH&nfñTef;csufrsm;? tMuHay;csufrsm;udk pkaygif;xkwf,lonfhtcef;wGif jynfhpHkpGmyg½Sd<br />

Edkifa&;udk t"du*½kjyK&ayonf/<br />

þodkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ tajccHoabmxm;rsm;udk wifjyNyD;aemuf &JabmfwdkYtm; ,aeYusif;yrnfh ynma&;<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;onf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH\ ynma&;twGuf rnfonfhtcef;u@rS rnfodkYaqmif½GufoGm;&rnf<br />

udk wifjyvdkygonf/<br />

&Jabmfwdkh-<br />

,aeY EdkifiHawmfynma&;twGuf vdktyfcsufrSm wdusaomtajctaeESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;0g'opfw&yf<br />

csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh xdkcsrSwfaom ynma&;0g'tay:wGif tajccHí EdkifiHawmf\vdktyfcsuf tvHk;pHkudk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaom<br />

ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;jzpfonf/<br />

þynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifa&;ESifh ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf þESD;aESmzvS,f<br />

yGJBuD;rS xrf;aqmifMudK;yrf; ay;Mu&rnf/ ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf\ ,cifESifh ,ck<br />

vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;tajctaersm;udk wdusydkifEdkifpGm oHk;oyfNyD;aemuf EdkifiHawmf\ ,ckvuf½Sd tajctae?<br />

EdkifiHawmf\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifh tudkufnDqHk; ynma&;0g'opfw&yfudk csrSwfEdkif&ef vdktyfayonf/<br />

xdkodkYcsrSwfaom ynma&;0g' tay:wGif tajccHí ynma&;pDrHudef;w&yf a&;qGJ&mrSm ynma&;yg&*lrsm;\<br />

wm0efomjzpfayonf/ ynma&;yg&*lrsm; a&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pDrHudef;twGuf þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS tydkif;vdkuf?<br />

u@vdkuf ydkif;jcm;um csrSwfxm;aom 0g'ay:wGiftajccHí tMuHÓPfrsm;ay;tyf&ef vdktyfayonf/ tMuHÓPfay;<br />

csufrsm;rSmvnf; tao;pdwfí ausmif;wausmif;? NrdKUwNrdKU? a'owcktwGuf pdppfay;tyfcsufrsm; r[kwfbJ ynma&;<br />

pDrHudef;\ tpdwftydkif;? u@rsm;twGuf ay;tyfonfhu@rsm; jzpfayonf/<br />

þtajccHoabmxm;rsm;ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif ta&;BuD;onfhwm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifEdkifa&;twGuf ta&;<br />

BuD;ayonf/ þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsKd;rSm EdkifiHawmf\&mZ0ifwGif yxrqHk;tBudrfusif;yonfh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfonfh<br />

tjyif ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ tawGUtMuHKtvGefenf;um nDvmcHrsm;? uGef*&ufrsm;\ tawGUtMuHKrsm;ESifh a&maxG;oGm;rnfudk<br />

txl;*½kjyK&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

xdkYjyif ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;twGif; aqG;aEG;Muaom aqG;aEG;csufrsm; tm;vHk;onf ynma&;twGuf tajccH<br />

&nf½G,fum aqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/ &JabmfwdkY\ rwluGJjym;jcm;em;onfh ,kHMunfcsuf? ,lqcH,lcsufrsm; tm;vkH;<br />

z,f½Sm;um EdkifiHawmf\vdktyfcsufrsm; jznfhpGrf;Edkifa&;ESifh &nfrSef;csufrsm; xajrmufatmifjrifEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf OD;wnf<br />

aqG;aEG;&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

þodkY ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJtajccHrsm;udk ydkifEdkifpGm oabmaygufqkyfudkifrdum BudK;yrf;Mu&rnf jzpfNyD;vQif þ<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;onf EdkifiHawmf\ tajctaevdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGrf;Edkifonfh ynma&;0g'opfw&yf csrSwfEdkifNyD;<br />

vQif xdk0g'ay:wGif tajccHía&;qGJrnfh ynma&;pDrHudef;twGuf tvGefta&;wBuD;vdktyfrnfh tMuHÓPfay;csufrsm;<br />

ay:xGufvmrnfjzpfayonf/<br />

- ynma&;0g'opfcsrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Mu<br />

- ynma&;pDrHudef;opftwGuf tMuHÓ Pfay;csufrsm; xGufay:vma&;twGuf BudK;yrf;Mu<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD<br />

1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (9) &uf (paeaeh) (wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuúokdvf)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUpmwrf;<br />

( aumfr½Sif )<br />

Mo*kwfv (11) &uf bGJYESif;obifcef;r (&efukefwuúodkvf)<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ywfoufí tajctae pmwrf;wck<br />

wifjyaqG;aEG;&ef vdktyfayonf/<br />

(1) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;<br />

(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh ydwfyifrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmaomtEÅ&m,f<br />

(3) aqmif½Gufxdkufonfh axmufcH&nfñTef;csuf (Recommendation) ponfh (3) ydkif;udk jyifqifa&;<br />

aumfrwDrS wifoGif;vdkayonf/<br />

(1) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGiUfoabmxm;ynma&;\&nfrSef;csuf<br />

(0g) OD;wnfcsufonf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\oabmtavsmuf<br />

rdrdBudKufESpfouf&m rdrdwdkYoefpGrf;&mwdkYudk avhvmoif,lcGifh? A[kokwwdk;yGm;EdkifcGifh &½Sdjcif;jzifh vlrItaqmufttHk\<br />

vdktyfcsufrsm;? ,if;\tusKd;twGuf jynfoljynfom;aumif; wa,mufyDyD OD;vnfrokef xrf;½GufEdkif&ef zefwD;ay;<br />

Edkifaom &nfrSef;csufjzpf&ayrnf/ ¤if;jyif ynma&;\&nfrSef;csufonf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; rdrdwdkY\ trsKd;om;<br />

,Ofaus;rIudk av;pm;aponfhtjyif tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIudkvnf; em;vnfav;pm;apjcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkYtm;<br />

trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;? 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? tjcm;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ jynfolrsm;udk em;vnfav;pm;rI<br />

½Sdapjcif;udk zefwD;Edkifrnfh ynma&;&nfrSef;csuf jzpf&ayrnf/<br />

¤if;&nfrSef;csuf (0g) ynma&; &nf½G,fcsufrsm;\ tESpfom&toGifonf vlom;wdkY\ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm<br />

tywfwukwf BudK;pm;&if;rS ay;pGrf;Edkifaom 0dZÆmynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? tjyKoabmjzifh<br />

wdk;wufxGef;um;atmif aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif; ay:vGifxif½Sm;ap\/ qdkvdkonfrSm ynma&;onf wckwnf;<br />

aom vlrItaqmufttHk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGrf;Edkifaponfh oabm½Sd&rnf/ ynma&;ydkif;jcm;csufudk (Oyrm)<br />

pufrIynm? pmayynm oif,l&rnfhynm (Obligatory) ESifh oifvdkuoifEdkifaomynm (Non-obligatory Training)<br />

ponfh tqufqufukd pkaygif;pyfvsOf; avhvm&onf/ þavhvmjcif;jzifh ynma&;\ tESpfom&toGifudk aqmifap<br />

onf/ ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrSm ynma&;udk rdrd\trsKd;om;bmom pum;jzifh t"duxm; oif,l&rnf/ odkY&mwGif<br />

EdkifiHjcm;bmompum;udkvnf; txl;tm;ay;xdkufayonf/<br />

txufyg&nfrSef;csufESifh tESpfom&toGifudkaqmifaom ynma&;onf 'Drdkua&pDtoGifaqmifonfh (Democratic<br />

Education) jzpfayonf/ þ&nfrSef;csuf tESpfom&udk taumiftxnfazmfaom ynma&;vkyfief;wGif-<br />

- rlvwef;ESifh rlvwef;vGefynma&; oifMum;cGifh<br />

- EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? bmoma&; rcGJjcm;bJ vlwdkif;vGwfvyfpGm tcvGwf ynmoif,lcGifh<br />

- tpdk;&rS wuúodkvfynm&yfudk vlwdkif; wufa&mufoifMum;Edkif&ef tcvGwfynma&; aqmif½Gufjcif;?<br />

axmufyHhaMu; vHkavmufpGmay;a&;? ausmif;aqmif ae&mxdkifcif; vHkavmufí oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

- þausmif;om;taqmufttHkyHkpHudk pepfwusjyifjcif;jzifh vlrItaqmufttHkwGif ausmif;om;rsm; rdrd<br />

wdkYyg0ifonfh tcef;u@wdkif;ü vG,fvifhwul 0ifa&mufxrf;aqmifjcif; ponfhvkyf&yfrsm; (0g) vkyfief;<br />

rsm;udk OD;aqmifaponf/<br />

odkYvQif txufyg &nfrSef;csuftESpfom&ESifh vkyf&yfyHkpHwdkYjzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom ynma&;udk csKyfudkif<br />

onfh oabmonf ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk ay;pGrf;Edkifonfhoabm ouf0ifvmonf/ þ'Drdkua&pDusaom ynma&;ü<br />

ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf þodkY½Sd&rnf/<br />

(u) ausmif;\vkyfief;wGif vGwfvyfcGifh? vkyfudkifaqmif½GufEdkifcGifh oabm½Sd&rnf/ þuJhodkY vkyfudkif&mü<br />

ausmif;om;? rdb? q&m oHk;yGifhqdkifcsdefcGifozG,f (Balanced Participation) yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) ausmif;\wdk;wuf&mwdk;wuffaMumif; vkyfief;rSeforQ vkyf&mwGif raESmifh,Sufonfhjyif rdrdwdkY\ rlrrSef<br />

aom oabmw&yfudk ausmif;xJwGif roGwfoGif;ap&ef aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(*) pD;yGm;a&;ESifh Oya'vGwfvyfcGifh tmrcHcsuf ½Sd&rnf/ wcsdefwnf;wGif avmu"gwfodyÜHESifh ,Ofaus;rIynm<br />

wdk;wuf&m wdk;wufaMumif; avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh ½Sdap&rnf/<br />

585

586<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(C) ynmoifMum;pepf acwfrD&rnf/ qdkvdkonfrSm ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh vlYavmu tquftpyf½Sd&rnf/<br />

trsKd;bmomtoGifaqmifí 0dZÆmenf;usaom ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm; jy|mef;&rnf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm;<br />

wuúodkvfESifh txufwef;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yg0ifcGifh½Sd&rnf/ wuúodkvfodkY ay;tyfxm;onfh<br />

tcGifhta&;udk ½dkaoMu&rnf/<br />

(i) ynma&;\qefYusifbufjzpfaom ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;udk r½Sdap&/<br />

(p) trsKd;orD;wdkif; trsKd;om;ESifh wef;wlynmoifMum;cGifh ½Sd&rnf/<br />

(q) q&mrsm;cefYxm;&mü ynmt&nftcsif;jzifh jzpf&rnf/ EdkifiHa&;cGJjcm;rI ryg0if&/ ¤if;jyif q&mrsm;onf<br />

rdrdwdkY BudKufESpfouf&m EdkifiHa&;0g'udk avhvmydkifcGifh ½Sd&rnf/<br />

(Z) atmifjrifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYt&nftcsif;t& tvkyfvkyfydkifcGifh ½Sd&rnf/<br />

(2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifUydwfyifrIaMumifU jzpfay:vmwwfaomtEå&m,f<br />

ynma&;tcGifhta&; aESmifh,Suf&mü tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;ESifh jynfywdkif;wyg;rS 0ifa&mufzsufqD;jcif;udk<br />

cH&wwfonf/ Oyrmjy&vQif tar&duefEdkifiHwGif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhydwfyifrIudk rsm;pGmawGU½Sd&ayonf/ OyrmvljzL-vlrJcGJjcm;oifMum;jcif;?<br />

vljzLausmif; vlrJrwufa&mufEdkif? wufa&mufvQif 0dkif;0ef;owfjzwfcH&onftxd<br />

Oyrm- (Little Rock Affair in Sept 1957) ynmwwfygarmu©rsm;pGmudk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif ausmif;xkwfjcif;rsm;?<br />

ppfaq;jcif;rsm;? Oyrm- (Loyalty Oath, Un-American Act) ponfjzifh tEkjrLygarmu©BuD; Oppenheimer<br />

uJhodkYaom vlyk*¾dKvfrsm; w&m;pGJcH&onf/ tvkyfxkwfcH&onf/ pmtkyfjy|mef;&mü tenf;i,fwdk;wufaom toGiftjyif<br />

aqmifonfh pmtkyfrsm;udkydwfyifonf/ Oyrm- Mark Twain a&;om;aompmtkyfrsm; (A Connecticut Yankee<br />

in King’s Author Court) ponfrsm; jzpfayonf/ ¤if;aemuf ppfom;pkaqmif;jcif;? tEkjrL-[dkufN'dK*sifAHk; wdrf;a½Smif<br />

enf; ppfynm&yftaxGaxGudk ausmif;rsm;üoifMum;jcif;? rdrdwdkYtvdkus ygarmu©rsm;cefYí azmifa';½Sif;trsKd;rsKd;emrnf<br />

jzifh wnfaqmufxm;aom ausmif;rsm;/ Oyrm- Morgan, Rockefeller career, <strong>and</strong> Ford ponhf taxmuf<br />

tyHhwnfausmif;rsm; urÇmYtESYHtjym;wnfaqmufí 0g'oGwfoGif;jcif; ponfh ynmvGwfvyfcGifhudk ydwfyifzsufqD;onfh<br />

oabm oufa&mufojzifh wdkif;jynf\ynma&;udk tEÅ&m,fusa&mufaponf/<br />

,aeYjrefrmjynf ynma&;avmuwGif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh½Sdyg\avm[laom awG;ac:csufonf ay:ayguf<br />

vmonf/ þawG;ac:csufudk ajzqdk&vQif ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhonf r½Sdao;[k qdkvdkonf/ ydkrdkxif½Sm;vdkayonfrSm<br />

,ckavmavmq,f awGU½Sdae&aom jyóemESifh ,cifMuHKawGUcJh&aom jyóemrsm;udk OD;cdkufwifjy vdkayonf/<br />

ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf jy|mef;&mü trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;Edkifonfh zGHUNzdK;Edkifonfh jynfoltcsif;csif;<br />

&if;ESD;cspfMunfa&;udk zefwD;Edkifonfh pmtkyfrsm;udk jy|mef;onfxuf tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJapaom ,Ofaus;rIacgif;yg;<br />

aom ppfom;pkaqmif;onfh oabmyg0ifaom tpdk;&\ rlrrSefaom t,ltqwdkYudk oGwfoGif;apaom npfnrf;onfh<br />

toHk;tEIH;rsm; yg0ifaom pmtkyfrsm;udk ,ckxufwdkif tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;rS wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;txd jy|mef;<br />

oifMum;vsufyif ½Sdaeao;onf/<br />

Oyrm- tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek a&;om;xm;aom vlxkatmfoHjyZmwfuJhodkY pmtkyf?<br />

wyfxJu jrwfudkudk ponfwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

wuúodkvfrsm;wGifvnf; Oypmwef;wGif OD;Eka&;om;xm;aom ]jynfaxmifpkyef;wdkif} uJhodkYaom 0g'oabm<br />

oGwfoGif;onfh pmtkyfrsm;jy|mef;jcif;/ qdkvdkonfrSm wdkif;jynftaMumif; odapvdkvQif txufygpmtkyf jy|mef;&efrvdk/<br />

wdkif;jynf\ tkyfcsKyfyHk? zGJUpnf;yHkpmtkyfrsKd;? tajccHOya'uJhodkYaom pmtkyfrsKd; avhvmaponfum; rlrSefayOD;rnf/<br />

,ckum; þuJhodkYr[kwfbJ rdrdwdkYBuKdufESpfouf&m 0g'vrf;pOfudk twif;oGwfoGif;rnfh yHkpHkrsKd;jzpfvmí vGwfvyfpGm<br />

avhvmvdkufpm;cGifh ydwfyifjcif;w&yfyif/ ¤if;aemuf wuúodkvfodkY EdkifiHjcm;tultnDjzifh oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeaom<br />

tjynfjynfqdkif&m qufoG,fa&; (International Relation) wGif ¤if;oifMum;aom tar&duefq&mrsm;u rdrdwdkY<br />

tar&duef0g'udkom OD;pm;ay;onf/ wzufowfusaom pmtkyfrsm;jy|mef;jcif;? oifMum;ay;jcif;? Oyrm- Perkins<br />

a&; International Relations ponfESifh vlrIqufqHaA' (Sociology) wGifvnf; wzufowfusaom pmayrsm;<br />

ydkYcsaejcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vGwfvyfrItEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfayonf/<br />

ausmif;q&mrsm; cefYxm;&müvnf; ygwDtvdkuscefYxm;jcif;aMumifhvnf; t&nftcsif;r½Sdaom q&mrsm;<br />

aygrsm;apjcif;/ t&nftcsif;jynfh0aom q&mrsm;\tcGifhta&; ydwfyifcH&jcif;/ EdkifiHa&;0g't& qefYusifonfxif&ol<br />

rsm;tm; tvkyfrcefYjcif;? jzKwfjcif;/ (Oyrm-OD;wifa½T (ac:) &Jabmfcsrf;at;tm; abm*aA' vufaxmufuxdurS

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

jzKwfypfjcif;) q&mrsm;cefYtyf&mü ygwDtvdkusqdk&mwGif ,aeYvufawGUvkyfae&mü tv,fwef;? txufwef;ausmif;<br />

rsm;wGif q&mrsm;cefYxm;&mü oufqdkif&m zqyv axmufcHcsufyg½SdrS cefYxm;jcif;onf txift½Sm;jzpfayonf/<br />

¤if;tjyif wuúodkvfüvnf; q&mrsm;cefYxm;&mü wuúodkvfu vGwfvyfpGmaqmif½GufcGifh r&EdkifbJ tjyifEdkifiHa&;<br />

avmurS tpdk;&tmPmydkifrsm;? 0efBuD;rsm;onf 0ifa&mufjc,fvS,fMuonfrSm txift½Sm;yif? txl;ojzifh &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfwGif þudpö rMumcPawGUae&ojzifh wuúodkvfaumifpDonf Mum;raumif;avmufatmif owif;xGufcJh&<br />

onfum; om"ujzpfayonf/<br />

ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhwGif tusKH;0ifaom ausmif;om;rsm; rdrdwdkY\ynma&;tcGifhta&; wdkufyGJwGif tmPm<br />

ydkifrsm; 0ifa&mufaESmifh,Sufjcif;? Oyrm- 1953 ck? atmufwdkbmv ausmif;wvydwfa&;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

vGwfvyfpGmpnf;½Hk;cGifh qE´jycGifhrsm;udk rw&m;ydwfyifjcif;? zrf;qD;jcif;ESifh ausmif;xkwfypfjcif;onf ynma&;vGwfvyf<br />

cGifhudk zsufqD;aESmifh,Sufaom aMumufrufzG,ftEÅ&m,fBuD; jzpfayonf/<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ta&;BuD;qkH;aom ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh zsufqD;jcif;wckrSm <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk rw&m;zsufodrf;ypf<br />

vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ þuJhodkYaom tjyKtrlonf vlYtcGifhta&;vGwfvyfcGifh txl;ojzifh ynma&;avmuwGif vGyfvyfpGm<br />

zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhudk ydwfyifonfhtjyKtrl jzpfayonf/<br />

ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ywfoufí ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ynma&;avmuwGif emrnfxif½Sm;aom yk*¾dKvf<br />

ausmfrsm;? ynm½SifBuD;rsm;u tus,fw0ifhrdefYMum;Muonf/ Oyrm- t*Fvdyfynm½SifBuD; bmx&ef&yfq,fu ]ynm<br />

a&;avmuwGif ausmif;om;a&m q&myg vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:cGifU? aqmif½GufcGifU? oifMum;cGifUay;&rnf} [k qdkxm;onf/<br />

ynma&;avmuwGif twm;tqD;jzpfaprnfh taESmifht,SuftrsKd;rsKd;? ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk ydwfyif onfh<br />

csKyfcs,fjcif;? vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:cGifh ydwfyifjcif;? q&mrsm;vkyfief;wGif 0ifa&mufaESmifh,Sufjcif;? ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

\ ynma&;avmuwGif 0ifa&mufjc,fvS,fjcif;? ynma&;rsufESmvdkufrI jyKvkyfjcif;? ynma&;avmuwGif ppfpHkaxmuf<br />

ygwD0ifpHkaxmufcGifh ponfh tmPmydkiftpdk;&wdkY\ Ncdrf;ajcmufonfh toGifaqmifonfh trIxrf;rsm; oGwfoGif;jcif;wdkYudk<br />

jyKvkyfaejcif;wdkYonf ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh (0g) ynma&;avmu\ 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk vHk;0zsufqD;ydwfyifjcif; jzpfay<br />

onf/<br />

(3) txufyg ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhoabmxm;<br />

tajctaersm; axmuf½Iavhvmí þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fEdkifaom<br />

atmufygvkyf&yfrsm;udk vkyfxdkufaMumif; &nfñTef;vdkonf/<br />

(u) 'Drdkua&pDusaom ynma&;pepfjyKjyifjcif;?<br />

(c) wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;ü oD;jcm;udk,fydkifjy|mef; aqmif½GufEdkifcGifh½Sdjcif;?<br />

(*) wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif csKyfcs,fxm;aom Oya'rsm;ESifh pnf;urf; (Unilateral Discipline)<br />

rsm;udk ½kyfodrf;jcif;?<br />

(C) ausmif;q&mrsm;udk EdkifiHa&;t&r[kwfbJ t&nftcsif;tvdkuf cefYxm;jcif;?<br />

(i) q&m? ausmif;om; yl;wGJumuG,foifhjcif;?<br />

(p) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; zGJUpnf;cGifhay;vsuf ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif yl;wGJwm0ef,lEdkifjcif;jzifh ynma&;<br />

vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdef;odrf;Edkifjcif;?<br />

-ponfwdkYudk t"duoabmt& aqmif½GufoifhaMumif; þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuDrS wifjytyfygonf/<br />

þuJhodkY rdefYcGef;ajymMum;jcif;? pmwrf;rsm; wifjyjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;&nfrSef;<br />

csufyef;wdkifrSm 'Drdkua&pDynma&; (Democratic Education) jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf r[mAsL[mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf<br />

vnf; wuojzpfysufcJhaom tawGUMuHKt& vuf½SdEdkifiHi,ftqifhwGif enf;AsL[mtaejzifh ausmif;omb0 om,m<br />

ajzmifhjzL;a&;? oifMum;rItajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&; (Better Condition of Life <strong>and</strong> Study) om jzpf&rnf/<br />

urÇmhausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (I.U.S) uvnf; uRefawmfwdkY EdkifiHrsm;twGuf þtwdkif;yif oabmxm;ygonf/<br />

wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? wyfOD;rS ausmif;om;rsm;yl;aygif;í ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrwdkifrDu wifjyrnfh pmwrf;<br />

toD;oD;twGuf wm0efcGJ,lí tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;? pmwrf;a&;jcif;rsm;udk rem;raevkyfudkifMu&onf/ wdkifyif<br />

oifholrsm;udk wdkifyif? tMuHÓPf&,loifhonfrsm;udk ,lcJhMuonf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk urÇmat;<br />

ukef;ajr½Sd taqmiftoD;oD;wGif pepfwus ae&mcsxm;&onf/ tkyfpkcGJ tm;NydKifpnf;½Hk;rIrsm; ½SdcJhygonf/ &efukef<br />

587

588<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuúodkvfvlrsKd;pktoif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh em;vnfrI&½Sdatmif aqmif½Guf&jcif;? A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS udkcsKd (rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvf) ESifhtcsKdU EkwfxGufoGm;onfrSvGJí usefESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk 13? 8? 58 &uf? eHeufykdif;wGif wuo<br />

Ouú| udkpdk;odef; acgif;aqmifonfh wyfOD;tkyfpku atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;pD;cJhonf/<br />

ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;ESifh apwemrSefESifh ½dk;om;pGm&yfwnfjcif;udk odem;vnfonfESifhtrQ 0efBuD;csKyf<br />

onf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ wufa&mufolrsm;udk npmjzifh {nfhcHonf/ azsmfajza&; tpDtpOfrsm;ygonf/ yxrwGif rlt&<br />

vufcHjcif;rjyKcJhaom txuausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf c&D;p&dwfxkwfay;&ef 0efBuD;csKyfu oabm<br />

wlcJhygonf/ qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH ynma&;okawoet&m½Sd OD;bjrifhtm; xdkwm0efudk aqmif½Guf&ef 0efBuD;csKyf<br />

u ausmif;om;rsm;a½SUüyif EIwfrdefYay;cJhavonf/<br />

þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJaMumifh tpdk;&\odu©mrsm;pGm wufoGm;onf/ tpdk;&ESifhausmif;om;Mum; tjrJwrf;uP³<br />

aump jzpfaerIrsm;udk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;ESifh tpdk;&yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifEdkifjcif;? em;vnfrI½Sdvmjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

þESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ tusKd;qufrSm yDuif;NrdKUawmfwGif usif;yrnfh urÇmhausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (I.U.S) nDvmcHodkY Auorsm;<br />

tzGJUcsKyf? wuoESifh usefaumvdyfwuúodkvf <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufcGifh&&ef vrf;yGifhoGm;jcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS<br />

xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf<br />

1/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;½Sd wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkrS OD;pD;usif;yum jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;<br />

qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk 1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeYrS (13) &ufaeYtxd &efukef<br />

wuúodkvf bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmifü usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftoif;tzGJUrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

aygif; (215) a,muf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wef;jrifhausmif;rS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (441) a,muf? NrdKUe,fausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rS udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (110) a,mufESifh pufrIvufrIESifh pdkufysKd;a&;ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (11)<br />

a,muf wufa&mufí pkpkaygif; udk,fpm;vS,f (789) a,muf wufa&mufMuonf/<br />

2/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;wGif jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDrS a&;qGJum-<br />

1/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;<br />

2/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufí oabmxm;wifjycsuf<br />

3/ rlvwef;? rlvwef;vGefynma&;ESifh tvGwfynmoifausmif;pmwrf;<br />

4/ twef;vGefynma&;pmwrf;<br />

5/ pufrIvufrItoufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynma&;pmwrf;<br />

6/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;<br />

7/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUpnf;cGifhpmwrf;<br />

8/ vlxkynma&;ESifh oufBuD;ynma&;pmwrf;[lí pmwrf;aygif; (13) ck a&;om;wifjycJhonf/ aumfr½Sif<br />

(8) pkcGJum aqG;aEG;cJhonf/<br />

3/ ynma&;0g'wifjycsufpmwrf;udk 1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (10) &ufaeYwGif wufa&mufvmaom udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;tm; tpk (5) pkcGJum aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif wufa&mufvmaom udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;<br />

pdwftm;xufoefpGm yg0ifaqG;aEG;Muonf/ ynma&;0g' wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&muf aqG;aEG;olrsm;u oabmwl<br />

nDí vIdufvSJpGmvufcHMuygonf/ pmwrf;a&;om;rIESifh ywfoufí EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ ynma&;0g'ESifh ynma&;<br />

vkyfief;rsm;udk oHk;oyfa0zef&mwGif ydkrdkjynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm a0zef&efoifhaMumif;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;Muonf/ þwifjy<br />

aqG;aEG;csufudkvnf; jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDrS wifjycsufjzpfaom ynma&;0g' (8) &yfESifhywfoufí wufa&mufol<br />

rsm;u ,ckxufydkNyD; tcsuftvufjynfhpHkpGm a&;oifhaMumif; tMuHay;&m A[dkaumfrwDrS vufcHoabmwlnDaMumif;?<br />

wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS tcsKdUolrsm;u e,fcsJUya'o&mZfqefYusifa&; [laomtcsufudk tcsufw&yft<br />

jzpfESifh vnf;aumif;? 'Drdkua&pDynma&;0g'udk tcsufwcsuftjzpf vnf;aumif;? (cultural autonomy) ,Ofaus;rI<br />

vGwfvyfcGifh[laomtcsufudk vnf;aumif;? pm&dwår@dKifjr§ifhwifa&;? vlwdkif;usef;rma&;twGuf upm;ckefpm;tm;<br />

ay;a&;[laomtcsufudk vnf;aumif;? Ak'¨bmomrl Ak'¨ynma&;jzpf&rnf [laomtcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; jznhfpGuf<br />

csrSwfoifhaMumif; wifjyaqG;aEG;Muonf/ xdktcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmxm;jcif;<br />

wlnDrlr½Sdyg/ rwlnDrIonfh taMumif;jycsufudkrlum; aumfr½SiftoD;oD; wifjyaqG;aEG;csufudk tpD&ifcHaom oD;jcm;pm

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

wrf;rsm;wGif yg½SdNyD; jzpfygaMumif;/<br />

4/ oifMum;rIr@dkKifbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm;wifjycsufpmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 rS 12? 8? 58<br />

&ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvf? *syfqifcef;rü udkcifarmiftkef; (wuo) twGif;a&;rSL; obmywdjyKvkyfí tcsuf<br />

tvuf ½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkatmifxGef;u wifjyoltjzpfaqmif½Gufí aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif<br />

ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (35) a,muf wufa&mufygaMumif;? oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yfonf jrefrmpmjzpf&rnf<br />

qdkonfhtcsufudk wufa&mufolrsm;tm;vHk;u vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHoabmwlMuygonf/<br />

]jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;rSty tjcm;aom vlrsKd;rsm;oifMum;onfU rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;ü ¤if;wdkhudk,fydkif bmompmay<br />

udk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf toHk;jyK&rnf} [laomtcsufudk >cif;csufxm;½Sd&ef udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wifjy&m<br />

jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwD\ qE´ESifhudkufnDonf[k ,lqygaMumif;/<br />

jrefrmbmomudk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf toHk;jyKaomfvnf; EdkifiHjcm;pmayrsm;wGif t*Fvdyfbmom<br />

onf ta&;BuD;onfh tcef;rSm½Sdaeao;onfhtwGuf t*Fvdyfbmomudk 'kwd, roifrae& bmom&yftjzpf jy|mef;um<br />

rlvwef;vGefrS pwifoifMum;oifhonf[laom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ wifjycsufrSmvnf; jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwD\<br />

oabmESifhwlnDygaMumif;? oifyHkoifenf; ajymif;vJa&;? rlvwef;? rlvwef;vGefESifh wuúodkvfwdkYonf ynmoifMum;<br />

a&;ü pepfwusqufoG,f&ef vdktyfaeaMumif;udk wifjyMu&m jyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS vufcHobmwlnDygaMumif;/<br />

5/ rlvwef;ynm? rlvwef;vGefynma&;? tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm; [laom pmwrf; (3) apmifudk wuo<br />

Ouú| udkpdk;odef; (obmywd)? ykodrfOypmaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkcifxGef;u (obmywd) tjzpfaqmif&Gufí tcsuft<br />

vuf pkaqmif;½SmazGa&;aumfrwDrS udkbaumif;? udkeef;a0? udkatmifMunfwdkYu wifjyygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJudk 1958<br />

ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (11) &ufaeYrS (13) &ufaeY? nae (5) em&DcGJtxd bGJUESif;obifcef;raqmifü aqG;aEG;Muygonf/<br />

wufa&mufol udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (30*) a,mufjzpfygaMumif;? aqG;aEG;olaygif; (30) jzpfygonf/<br />

rlvwef;ynma&;pmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;Mu&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&muf<br />

aqG;aEG;Muolrsm; oabmwlnD vufcHMuygonf/ pmwrf;yg tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m0,f<br />

t*Fvdyfbmomudk rlvwef;rS pwifívnf;aumif;? (3) wef;rS pwifívnf;aumif; oifMum;&ef udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUu<br />

wifjy aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;csufrSm jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh qEćsif;rwlnDyg/ oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom<br />

&yf wifjycsufpmwrf;wGif wifjyNyD;jzpfygonf/ Ak'¨bmomudkvnf;aumif;? pm&dwåjyKjyifa&;udkvnf;aumif;? rlvwef;<br />

wGif pwifoifMum;ay;&efESifh ywfoufívnf; A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmqE´csif; rudkufnDyg/ ynmoifMum;a&;\<br />

&nf½G,fcsufwGif jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudef;atmifa&; xnfhoGif;&ef wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS<br />

xnfhoGif;oifhonf[k oabm&½Sdygonf/<br />

txl;ojzifh rlvwef;ynmoifMum;a&; tydkif;wGifyg½Sdaom rlvwef;ESifh q&mjyóemtcef;udk wufa&muf<br />

aqG;aEG;Muolrsm;u txl;wifjy aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ q&m? q&mrrsm; rvHkavmufrIrsm;? t&nftcsif; rjynfhrIrsm;udk<br />

wifjyaqG;aEG;Mu&m jyifqifa&;A[dkaumfrwDESifh oabmxm;csif;wlnDonf/<br />

rlvwef;vGefynma&;ESifh ywfoufí udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (19) a,muf aqG;aEGG;cGifh&½SdaMumif;? A[dkaumfrwD<br />

\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;oltm;vHk;uyif axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muí ¤if;wdkY\ e,fajra'orsm;wGif ay:aygufae<br />

aom vdktyfcsufrsm;? tjzpftysufrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; axmufcHoGm;Mu&mwGif A[dkaumfrwDtaeESifh oabmwlnDrIyg<br />

onfhtwGuf tvGwfynmoifausmif;pmwrf;wGif aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGifrlum; A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD\pmwrf;udk >cif;<br />

csufr½Sd axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muygonf/ omoemjyKausmif;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uodrf;ydkuf&ef[laom udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

wdkY\ wifjycsufrlum; A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDu omoema&;ESifhywfoufaeí pOfpm;oifhonf[k wifjyygaMumif;?<br />

txl;ojzifh raqG;aEG;vdkufMuaom ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS pmjzifhwifjyMuonfh wifjycsuf (131) csuf &½SdaMumif;/<br />

6/ txufwef;vGef ynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeY? nae (3) em&DwGif wuocef;rü vnf;aumif;?<br />

12? 8? 58 &ufaeYwGif t*fvdyfpmcef;rü vnf;aumif; aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ obmywdtjzpf rwuoOuú| udkapm<br />

vGifu aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvufpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkarmifarmifñGefY? udkwifxGwfwdkYu wifjyygonf/ udk,fpm;<br />

vS,faygif; (47) a,mufwufí (29) a,muf aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ pmwrf;wGifyg½Sdonfhtwdkif; tydkif; (6) ydkif;<br />

aqG;aEG;Mu&mwGif wufa&mufolrsm;\ oabmwlnDrI &½Sdygonf/ oifMum;yHkpepfwGifyg½Sdaom pmar;yGJpepfESifh<br />

ywfoufí udk,fpm;vS,fawmf (2) OD;u rausvnfojzifh A[dkaumfrwDESifh qE´jcif;rwlnDjzpfcJhygonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

r@dKifydkif;wGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u pmwrf;ygtcsufrsm;[lí ,lqonf/ jynfhpHkpGma&;om;oifhonf[k wifjyMu&m<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDtaeESifh oabmwlvufcHygonf/ tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;rSm jznfhpGuftMuHay;csufrsm;<br />

589

590<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jzpfí oD;jcm;aumfr½Siftvdkuf wifjyonfh pmwrf;rsm;wGif yg½Sdygonf/<br />

7/ pufrIvufrI toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynm&yfwifjycsuf pmwrf;rsm;udk 11? 8? 58 ESifh 12? 8? 58 &ufaeY<br />

wGif avmu"gwfcef; (1) ü usif;yjyKvkyfygaMumif;? obmywdtjzpf rwuo twGif;a&;rSL; udkwifa½Tu aqmif½Guf<br />

í wifjyoltjzpf tcsuftvuf½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkpdk;ausmfuaqmif½Gufonf/ udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (50)<br />

wufa&mufMuygonf/ A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS wifjyaompmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;Muol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vufcH<br />

oabmwlí ,aeYxkwfvkyfvsuf½Sdaom vufrIynmonfrsm;tm; ta&twGufuefYowfrI r½Sdap&efudk vnf;aumif;?<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;wGif EdkifiHjcm;rSpGufzufrI uif;vGwfa&;[laom tydk'fudk xnfhoGif;&ef wifjytMuHay;Mu&m A[dkaumfrwD<br />

ESifh oabmqE´jcif; wlnDrI½SdcJhygonf/<br />

8/ vlrsKd;pkynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeYrS 12? 8? 58 &ufaeYxd aumifpDpnf;a0;cef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyf<br />

ygonf/ obmywdtjzpf wuotrIaqmif udkcifatmifu aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvuf½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS<br />

udkatmifoef;? udkatmifomausmfwdkYu wifjyolrsm;tjzpf aqmif½Gufygonf/ udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (58) a,muf<br />

wufa&mufaqG;aEG;Muí vlrsKd;pkpmwrf;yg oabmxm;wifjycsufESifh ywfoufí aqG;aEG;oludk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh<br />

oabmwlnD Muygonf/ odkYaomf vlrsKd;pkpmwrf;onf jynfhpHkaompmwrf;wck r[kwfao;aMumif;udk wifjy&m A[dk<br />

jyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS vufcHygonf/<br />

jynfaxmifpkpdwf"gwfzGHUNzdK;a&;pmydk'fudk tydk'f (2) a½SUrSxnfhoGif;ay;&ef? rGefbmomudk tydkbmomtjzpfrS<br />

pdwfBudKufbmomtjzpf jy|mef;&ef? vlrsKd;pkrsm;tm; ynma&;twGuf txl;&efyHkaiGxm;½Sd&ef? ytdk0fhpmwrf;wGif ygaom<br />

pmwrf;wckudk jznfhpGuf&ef tMuHay; wifjyMuygonf/<br />

9/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 59 aeY? aeYvnfydkif;? 12? 8? 58 aeY?<br />

eHeufydkif;wGif aqG;aEG;Mu&m udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (253) a,mufwufa&mufí aqG;aEG;olaygif; (47) a,muf½SdNyD;<br />

pdwftm;xufoefpGm aqG;aEG;MuaMumif;? obmywdtjzpf udkaZmf0if; (Auorsm;zGJUcsKyf Ouú|) u aqmif½GufNyD;?<br />

t&Hobmywdtjzpf udkpHvIdif (ausmufjzLOypmaumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong>) u aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvuf½SmazGpkaqmif;a&;<br />

aumfrwDrS udkaxG;wdkY wifjyMuygonf/ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u vufcHaqG;aEG;<br />

Muygonf/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUpnf;cGifhudk tm;vHk;u vufcHMuayonf/ ausmif;aumifpDrsm; rzGJUpnf;&ef<br />

ESifh zsufodrf;ay;&ef[laom tcsufudk udk,fpm;vS,ftcsKdUu wifjy&m A[dkaumfrwDESifh qE´wlnDrI r&½SdygaMumif;/<br />

vlxkynma&;ESifh oufBuD;wuúodkvfynma&;pmwrf;udk 11? 8? 58 &ufaeYwGif avmu"gwfcef;r (2) ü<br />

aqG;aEG;Muygonf/ obmywdtjzpf AuotzGJUcsKyfrS trIaqmif udkpGefwdwfu aqmif½Gufí tcsuftvuf½SmazG<br />

pkaqmif;a&;aumfrwDrS udkaX;atmifESifh udkodef;oef;xGef;wdkYu wifjyygaMumif;? udk,fpm;vS,faygif; (9) a,muf<br />

wufa&mufaqG;aEG;í 11? 8? 58 &ufaeY? nae (5) em&DwGif NyD;qHk;ygonf/ A[dkaumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;rsm;<br />

ESifh ywfoufí oabmxm; uGJvGJrIvHk;0r½Sdyg/ aqG;aEG;olrsm; vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHMuygonf/<br />

10/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrS pmwrf;aygif; (13)<br />

ck wifjyum aumfr½Sif (8) ckrS aqG;aEG;cJh&m a,bk,stm;jzifh A[dkaumfrwD\ wifjycsufpmwrf;udk vufcHí udk,f<br />

pm;vS,frsm; oabmrwlnDonfh tcsuftvufrsm;½Sdonfudk awGU½Sd&ygonf/ oabmrwlnDrIrsm;vnf; pmwrf;wckvHk;<br />

tay:wGifr[kwfbJ tpdwftydkif;tvdkuf wifjycsufay:wGif rwlnDrIjzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmvdkufygonf/<br />

11/ 9? 8? 58 &ufaeYrS 13? 8? 58 &ufaeY? eHeufydkif;txd (5) &ufwdkifwdkif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhaom jynfaxmifpk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tultnDay;aom jynfaxmifpk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH tpdk;&ynma&;XmeESifh Xmeqdkif&m t&m½Sdrsm;? e,frsm;½Sd ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;<br />

rsm;? &efukefwuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdESifhwuG q&m? q&mrrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;? þESD;aESm<br />

zvS,fyGJBuD;rS rSwfwrf;wifaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunmygonf/<br />

ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI atmif&rnf<br />

A[dkjyifqifa&;aumfrwD<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ<br />

wuotaqmuftOD<br />

1958 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (13) &uf (Ak'¨[l;aeh) &efukefwuúodkvf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(c) EdkifiHjcm;c&D;pOfrsm;<br />

1958 ck Mo*kwfvwGif *syefEdkifiH? [D½dk½SD;rmNrdKUü EsL;uvD;,m;AHk;qefYusifa&;nDvmcHudk wufa&muf&ef<br />

wuoOuú| udkpdk;odef;tm; zdwfMum;cJhavonf/ udkpdk;odef;onf ausmif;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ½Sdí udkapmwmomuvm;<br />

udk vTwfvdkuf&onf/<br />

yDuif;NrKdUü usif;yaom urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU nDvmcHodkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkaZmf0if;<br />

OD;aqmifí wufa&mufcJhavonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>?<br />

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> ponfwdkYonf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif tzGJU0ifr[kwfay? odkY<br />

aomfvnf; urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh qufoG,frI½Sdjcif; ¤if;\vkyfief;pOfudk vufcHtaumiftxnf azmfcJhjcif;<br />

ponfrsm;aMumifh avhvmoltjzpf wufa&mufcGifh&onf/ wuotzGJUudk Ouú| udkpdk;odef;u OD;aqmifívnf;aumif;?<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk udkapmvGifu OD;aqmifívnf;aumif; wufa&mufMuonf/ tm½S? tmz&du?<br />

vufwiftar&du? Oa&myEdkifiHaygif; (70) ausmfrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufMuonf/ jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUrSm<br />

OD;a&trsm;qHk; jzpfonf/ jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf OD;a&rsm;jcif;? wdk;wufaom EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf½Sdolrsm; ygjcif;?<br />

e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; ordkif;tpOftvm ½Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;\ ta&;xm;cH&aom udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

tzGJUjzpfonf/ w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH (10) ESpfajrmuf vGwfvyfa&;tcrf;tem;udkvnf; wufa&mufcJhonf/ 0efBuD;<br />

csKyf csLtifvdkif;u vma&mufawGUqHkEIwfqufonf/ xrif;pm;yGJwGif 'k-0efBuD;csKyfwOD;jzpfol rm½S,f[dkvHk;u EIwfquf<br />

{nfhcHonf/ EdkifiHtoD;oD;rS udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUacgif;aqmifrsm;udk armfpDwkef;u vufcHawGUqHk&m udkaZmf0if; wufa&muf<br />

cJhonf/<br />

xdktcsdefjrefrmEdkifiHü OD;Eku AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; tdrfapmifhtpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;vdkufonf/ tajc<br />

taerSefudk odap&efESifh tzrf;cH&&ifvnf; tzrf;cH&ygapawmh oabmjzifh udkaZmf0if;udk jyefvTwfvdkufonf/<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

(tay:-0J) wuoOuú| udkpdk;odef;u ausmif;om;txdrf;<br />

trSwftvHtm; AD,uferfor®w [dkcsDrif;xH ay;tyfpOf<br />

(tay:-,m) ulrif;[dkw,fa½SYwGif EIwfqufaysmfjrL;MupOf<br />

(atmuf) wuo Ouú| udkpdk;odef;tm; twif;ucdkif;&mwGif<br />

591

592<br />

(*) 1958-59 ck wuoa&G;aumufyGJ<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1958-59 ck ynmoifESpfwGif zqyvNydKuGJonfh*,ufjzifh wuotrIaqmifa½G;aumufyGJwGif &Jacgif<br />

wzGJUvHk; vIyf½Sm;Edkifjcif; r½Sdawmhyg/ wyfOD;om NydKifbufr½Sd ta½G;cH&onf/<br />

1/ udkcifarmiftkef; Ouú|<br />

2/ udkbaumif; 'k-Ouú|<br />

3/ udkcifatmif taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ udkjrifhodef; wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;Xme<br />

5/ udkwifatmif aiGxdeff;<br />

6/ udkzdk;omab; upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXme<br />

7/ rcifcifwdk; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

8/ udkom'dk; EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

9/ udkndK0if; vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

10/ udkvSwif tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

11/ udkodef;wef yd#uwfrSL;<br />

(C) yÍörtBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJ<br />

1959 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (2 - 3) &uf<br />

wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf? ykodrfOypmaumvdyf? &efukef aq;odyÜHr[m<br />

Xme? rEÅav;aq;odyÜHr[mXme? tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh wuúodkvfaumvdyftoD;oD;rS vlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;?<br />

ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;? o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? c½dkiftoif;rsm;? bmom&yfqdkif&mtoif;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

aygif; (96) OD;? avhvmol (35) OD; pkpkaygif; (131) OD;wdkYonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftOD<br />

wGif 1959 ck? Zefe0g&D (2-3) &ufaeYrsm;wGif cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuayonf/<br />

,if; wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSm wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftoD;oD;½Sd vuf½SdcHpm;ae&aom<br />

tajctae? pmwrf;rsm;udk qdkif&mwuúodkvfaumvdyfESifh r[mXme<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS wifoGif;zwfMum;cJhMuayonf/ xdkwif<br />

oGif;pmwrf;rsm;? tajctaersm;ay:rlwnfí ,aeY wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ b0tajctaeay:<br />

wGif vnf;aumif;? wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh ywfoufaom trsKd;om;a&;qdkif&m jyóemrsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHwum<br />

tajctaersm;ay:wGif vnf;aumif; tav;teuf wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuum atmufygtwdkif; oabmwlnDcsufrsm;?<br />

oabmxm;rsm;ESifh tMuHay;csufrsm;udk wnDwñGwfwnf; jy|mef;vdkufygonf/<br />

yÍörtBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJrS atmufygtwdkif; oabmxm;rsm; xkwfjyef<br />

vdkufonf/<br />

(1) jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ ausmif;om;b0a,bk,s tajctaersm;udk pkaygif;xkwf<br />

jyef&ef jy|mef;onf/<br />

(2) wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufaom oabmw&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunm&efjy|mef;<br />

onf/<br />

(3) ,aeY ausmif;om;rsm;\ &ifqdkif&onfh tcuftcJjyóemrsm;udk ausmfvTm;Edkifa&;twGuf ausmif;om;<br />

aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;twGuf vdktyfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;twGuf yefMum;vTm<br />

wapmif xkwfjyefjy|mef;cJhonf/<br />

pkaygif;wdkufyGJ0ifMu&eftwGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSjy|mef;vdkufaom oabmwlnDcsufrsm;<br />

1/ 1958 ck? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaeYrS (12) &ufaeYtxd &efukefwuúodkvfü usif;yNyD;pD;cJhaom jynfaxmifpk<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrS csrSwfcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfMu&efESifh wrsKd;<br />

om;vHk;yg0ifaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yf usif;ya&;?

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

2/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJ&efESifh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaiG wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

3/ ausmif;rS xGufcGmoGm;aom ausmif;om;^olrsm;twGuf tmrcHcsuf&½Sda&;?<br />

4/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?<br />

5/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS axmufyHhaMu; (stipend)?<br />

6/ ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; vGwfvyfpGmzGJUpnf;cGifh &½Sdap&efESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>zsufodrf;a&;trdefYudk ½kyfodrf;&ef?<br />

7/ ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;u OD;aqmifvkyfudkifvsuf½Sdaom oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif EdkifiHawmf<br />

tpdk;&rS ulnDtm;ay;&ef?<br />

8/ zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwfay;a&;?<br />

9/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;aexdkif&mjynfe,frsm;ü Oypmaumvdyfrsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;^olrsm; ynm<br />

oifMum;a&;vG,fulap&ef tpdk;&rSpDpOfay;&efESifh tajctaersm; aumif;rGefvma&;twGuf zefwD;ay;&ef?<br />

(Oyrm- c&D;oGm;vma&;ESifh axmufyHhaMu;rsm;)<br />

10/ 1958 ck? pufwifbmvwGif yDuif;NrdKUü usif;ycJhaom (5) Budrfajrmuf urÇmhausmif;om;uGef*&ufudk<br />

axmufcHaMumif;/<br />

wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifU oufqdkifaomta&;ESifU ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefjy|mef;vdkufaMumif;<br />

1/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf olremudk,fremNidrf;csrf;a&;rludk axmufcHí ausmif;om;rsm;\ vlaerI?<br />

pD;yGm;a&;½IaxmifhrS oHk;oyfum yefMum;vTmwapmif xkwfjyef&ef?<br />

2/ trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;ESifh zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu&ef? yefMum;vTmwapmif<br />

xkwfjyef&ef?<br />

3/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;twGuf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef/<br />

EdkifiHwuma&;&mrsm;ESifUywfoufí oabmxm;rsm;ESifUoabmwlnDcsufrsm;<br />

1/ tEkjrL EsL;uvD;,m;vufeufrsm; prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;udk &yfpJa&;? vufeufavQmhaygha&;? ppfpmcsKyf<br />

ppftkyfpkrsm; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf awmif;qdk&efESifh urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu&ef?<br />

2/ 1959 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (2) &ufaeYrS (8) &ufaeYtxd tD*spftm&yfor®wEdkifiH udkif½kdNrdKUwGif usif;yonfh<br />

tm½S-tmz&duvli,fnDvmcHBuD;tm; axmufcHBudKqdkaMumif;/<br />

aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS atmufygtMuHay;csufrsm;udk jy|mef;vdkufaMumif;<br />

1/ aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; usif;ya&;twGuf tpOftvmw&yfjzpfap&ef xdef;odrf;Mu&ef? 1959-<br />

60 ckwGif ykodrfNrdKUwGif usif;ya&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&ef?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odef;jr§ifhwifa&;wdkYtwGuf wuúodkvfESifh<br />

aumvdyfrsm;yg0ifonfh ausmif;om;yGJawmfrsm; usif;ya&;? (1959-60 ckwGif rEÅav;NrdKUü usif;ya&;<br />

twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef)<br />

3/ ausmif;om; oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMu&ef?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;vkyfief; owif;rsm;zvS,fa&;twGuf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk jyefMum;a&;AsL½dkwck<br />

zGJUí tcsdefrD pmapmifxkwfa0&ef/<br />

593

594<br />

(i) cGJxGufcGifhESifh ½Srf;ausmif;om;rsm;aMunmcsuf<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&efukefNrdKY ? ½Srf;jynfausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;toif;<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif;rS ½Srf;jynfcGJxGufEdkifcGifUESifUpyfvsOf;í<br />

&efukefNrdKY ? ½Srf;jynfausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJY\<br />

oabmxm;xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf<br />

½Srf;jynfoltaygif;wdkhcifAsm;jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH?<br />

zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; (10) yg yk'frrsm;t& vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf<br />

(10) ESpfausmfvQif ½Srf;jynfonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;rS cGJxGufvdku cGJxGufEdkifcGifh &½Sdxm;ayonf/<br />

odkY&½Sdxm;onfudk ½Srf;jynfu xdkcGJxGufcGifh pGefYvTwf&ef tajccHOya' tcef; (10) yg yk'frrsm;udk vdktyfovdk<br />

jyifqifzdkY erfhcrf;trwf OD;xGef;at;u ,ck 1959 ckESpf rwfvwGif awmifBuD;NrdKUwGif usif;yrnfh ½Srf;jynfe,faumifpD<br />

tpnf;ta0;wGif tqdkwifoGif;rnf[k 11?2? 59 aeY &efukefxkwf ]ae;½Sif;} owif;pmwGif twdtvif; aMunmxm;<br />

onfudk awGU½Sdzwf½I&ojzifh uRefawmfwdkY &efukefNrdKU ½Srf;jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJUu xdkudpöudk<br />

av;eufpGm pOf;pm;oHk;oyfMuNyD;vQif oabmxm;udk xkwfjyefaMunmvdkufayonf/<br />

OD;xGef;at; taMumif;jycsufrSm ½Srf;jynfu jynfaxmifpktwGif;rS cGJxGufEdkifcGifh½Sdaejcif;onf-<br />

1/ jynfaxmifpkwnfjrJa&;twGuf tEå&m,fjzpfapí<br />

2/ wdkif;wyg;wdkh 0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&eftwGuf vrf;cif;ay;&ma&mufonf [lí jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYaomf trSefw&m;rSm OD;xGef;at;\,lqcsufESifh ajymif;jyef jzpfaeayonf/ trSefrSm cGJxGufEdkifcGifh r½Sdjcif;<br />

(0g) cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk zsufodrf;jcif;wdkYuomvQif jynfaxmifpkwnfjrJa&;udk tEÅ&m,fjzpfapí wdkif;wyg;wdkY 0ifa&muf<br />

pGufzufEdkif&eftwGuf tuGufaumif;qifay;&m a&mufayonf/ owdcsyfoifhonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHonf<br />

jynfrESifhjynfe,frsm; pdwfwloabmwl yl;aygif;wnfaxmifxm;Muaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHBuD;wck jzpfaMumif;yif<br />

jzpfayonf/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;ay:wGif tajcpdkufí zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifvmcJhaom uRefawmfwdkY jynfaxmifpkt"dyÜg,fudk<br />

tjynfht0aqmifapNyD; jynfaxmifpk xm0&wnfjrJa&;udk tBuD;rm;qHk;aom taxmuftuljzpfapí udkvdkeDe,fcsJUorm;<br />

wdkY\ tEÅ&m,fudkwGef;vSefEdkifum vlrsKd;pkcsif; ppfrSefcdkifjrJaom cspfcif,HkMunfrIudk wnfaqmufEdkifayonf/ wcGef;xJ<br />

qdk&vQif þcGJxGufEdkifcGifhudkom tajccHOya'wGif cdkifcdkifrmrmBuD; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; rjyKcJhygu jynfaxmifpkBuD;yif<br />

ay:aygufEdkifcJhrnf r[kwfay/ þodkYjzpfvQif vGwfvyfa&;udk aMunmEdkifcJhMurnf r[kwfay/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf<br />

1947 ck yifvHkpmcsKyfBuD; rcsKyfrDu ½Srf;paom vlrsKd;rsm;u? ArmvlrsKd;BuD;tay: twdwf&mZ0ifu taMumif;rsm;aMumifh<br />

pdwfcs,HkMunfjcif; r½SdcJhaomaMumifhjzpfayonf/ odkYaomf zufqpf*syefqefYusifa&;wGif vufwGJvkyfudkifcJhzl;í waMumif;?<br />

vlrsKd;pkrsm;tay: AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY\ oabmxm;rSefuefcJhí waMumif; þtaMumif;wdkYaMumifh yifvHkpmcsKyfudk<br />

csKyfqdkEdkifcJhJNyD; jynfaxmifpk wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; ½Srf;paom vlrsKd;pkrsm;u ArmvlrsKd;BuD;tay:wGif twdwf&mZ0ifu taMumif;<br />

rsm;aMumifh pdwfcs,HkMunfjcif; r½SdjzpfaecsdefwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkYu ½Srf;wdkY\ pdk;&drfaMumifhMurIrsm; yaysmufoGm;<br />

atmif-<br />

1/ vGwfvyfa&;udk ArmjynfeJY vufwGJ,lyg/<br />

2/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;wJhtcg ArmawGeJY aygif;csifrSaygif;Muyg? raygif;csifvnf;aeMuyg/<br />

3/ ArmawGeJYaygif;vdkY½Sd&if ArmawGu rESdyfpuf&atmif Oya'awGbmawGeJY pepfwuscdkifcdkifvHkvHk pDrHjy|mef;<br />

ay;ygr,f/<br />

4/ tJ'Dvdk aygif;wmvnf; tjrJxm0pOf aygif;oGm;&r,f? b,fawmhrS cGJrxGuf&bl;&,fvdkY r[kwfygbl;?<br />

oabmusoavmufaygif;? oabmrus&if cGJxGufoGm;Muyg/<br />

5/ aygif;aewJhtcgrSm ]Armwusyf? ½Srf;wusyf} qdkwJh tcGifhta&; wef;wlnDrQrIeJY aygif;ygr,f/<br />

6/ ½Srf;jynf&JUjynfwGif;a&;rSm bmrS0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKygbl;/<br />

7/ ½Srf;jynf&JUudk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhudk ½dkaoav;pm;yghr,f ponfjzifh oabmxm;rSefuefpGmjzifh uwday;onfh<br />

twGuf ½Srf;jynfu jrefrmjynfeJYvufwGJí vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ0if&ef auseyfpGmqHk;jzwfvdkufNyD; yifvHk<br />

pmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

xdkodkY yifvHkpmcsKyf csKyfqdkMuNyD;aemuf vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;vQif ½Srf;? Arm? u&if? u,m; tp½Sdaom trsKd;om;<br />

rsm; rnfuJhodkY yl;aygif;zGJUpnf; aexdkifMurvJqdkonfh jyóemudk pOfpm;ajz½Sif;&eftwGuf wdkif;jyKjynfjyKvTwfawmf<br />

ac:í jynfaxmifpkzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk a&;qGJMuayonf/ tajccHOya'a&;qGJMupOfu ½Srf;jynftwGuf ta&;BuD;<br />

qHk; jyóemrSm jynfaxmifpkxJwGif rnfuJhodkY yl;aygif;aexdkifoGm;MurvJ qdkonfhtcsufyif jzpfonf/ þtcsufudk<br />

pOf;pm;&mü wdk;wufaeaom EdkifiHBuD;rsm;wGif aqmif½GufMuouJhodkY vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhudk tjynfht0ay;<br />

&ef qHk;jzwf owfrSwfcJhMuayonf/<br />

]udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifUqdkonfrSm ½Srf;jynf\ ,aeh vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;? eufjzefwGif cGJxGufí oD;jcm;EdkifiHxlaxmif<br />

csifonfqdkvQif xlaxmifEdkifcGifU½Sd&rnf/ xdkhtjyif ½Srf;jynfwGif ½Srf;jynfoltrsm; BudKufaompepft& tkyfcsKyfoGm;EdkifcGifU<br />

vnf; ½Sd&rnf} [líyif jzpfayonf? þtcsufudk rnfolrQ jiif;y,fEdkifrnf r[kwfay/<br />

þodkYr[kwfbJ ]cifAsm;wdkh usKyfwdkheJh bmyJjzpfjzpf tjrJxm0&aygif;ae&r,f? usKyfwdkhoabmuswJU tkyfcsKyfa&;<br />

rsKd;yJ wnfaxmif&r,f} [líqdkvQif ½Srf;jynf\vGwfvyfa&;rSm wef;zdk;r½Sd? udk,fwdkifjy|mef;cGifhvnf; t"dyÜg,fr½Sd<br />

jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/<br />

odkYaomfvnf; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkYu ]vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;&if? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk; wdk;wufBuD;yGm;atmif<br />

(5) ESpfpDrHudef;BuD; (2) ckavmuf aoaocsmcsma&;qGJNyD; vkyfjyyg&ap/ 'Dvdk wdk;wufatmif vkyfjyNyD;vdkh rauseyfao;bJ<br />

½Srf;jynfu udk,fUzmomudk,f MuHpnfvkyfaqmifcsifao;oyqdk&if cGJxGufNyD; oabmusvkyfyg/ 'D (10) ESpfudkawmU<br />

onf;cHNyD; ESpfOD;ESpfzuftusKd;twGuf yl;aygif;aeapcsifao;ygw,f} [lí apwemjzifh azsmif;zsajymqdkonfh twGuf<br />

uRefawmfwdkY ½Srf;jynfolYacgif;aqmifrsm;uvnf; vdkufavsmoabmwlMuNyD; ](10) ESpftwGif;awmU jynfaxmifpkxJ<br />

rSmyJ aeoGm;yghr,f? aemif (10) ESpfausmfNyD;rS b0tajctaetopft& wrsKd;wzHk jyefvnfpOf;pm;oifU&if pOf;pm;<br />

yghr,f} [lí uwdjyKcJhMuayonf/<br />

xdkodkY jynfaxmifpk zGJUpnf;yHktajccH Oya'a&;qGJpOf tcgu uRefawmfwdkY ½Srf;jynfolUacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;\<br />

tajrmftjrifBuD;pGmjzifh awmif;qdkBudK;yrf;rIaMumifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'tcef; (10)<br />

yg yk'frrsm;t& vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf (10) ESpfausmfvQif ½Srf;jynfonf jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;rS cGJxGufvdkuf<br />

cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk &½SdcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ þodkY cGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;onf ½Srf;jynfolw&yfvHk;twGuf tvGefjrwfEkd;<br />

zG,f&maumif;aom tcGifhta&;BuD; jzpfayonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf þcGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;onf ½Srf;jynfol<br />

w&yfvHk;\ vGwfvyfpGm udk,fydkifqHk;jzwf vkyfaqmifEdkifa&;twGuf tajccHOya't& tmrcHxm;aom aomhcsuftcGifh<br />

ta&;BuD; jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/ þcGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk tajccHOya'wGif xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;onf (10)<br />

ESpfjynfhvQif cGJxGufEdkif&eftwGuf xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;r[kwfay/ ,ckvnf;cGJxGuf&ef vHIUaqmfaejcif;r[kwfay/ odkYaomf<br />

jynfaxmifpkoabmrSm qdkif&mjynfe,frsm;\ oabmqE´tavsmuf wu,fharwåmppfESifh ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tusKd;&½Sda&;<br />

twGuf yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufjcif;om jzpfoifhayonf/ þodkYjzifh yl;aygif;aqmif½GufrSomvQif ppfrSefaom yl;aygif;aqmif<br />

½Gufjcif; jzpfEdkifNyD; jynfaxmifpkBuD; xm0&wnfjrJoGm;Edkifrnf/ ]rif;wdkhbmyJjzpfjzpf rcGJxGuf&bl;? yl;aygif;ae&r,f}<br />

[lí t"r®pepfjzifh Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; "g;rdk;aygif;cdkif;jcif;onf rrSefuefay/ ]½Srf;wusyf? Armwusyf} qdkonfh wef;wlnD<br />

rQaom tcGifhta&;awGvnf; tjynfht0&rnf/ ½Srf;jynf\jynfwGif;a&;udkvnf; vHk;00ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKbl;<br />

qdkvQif ]a[U ½Srf;awG rif;wdkhjynfaxmifpkxJu cGJxGufMu} [lí twif;armif;xkwfonfh wdkifatmif cGJxGufrnfr[kwf<br />

ay/<br />

þodkY rcGJxGufjcif;rSm obm0usayonf/ Oyrm vifESifhr,m; qufqHa&;udk Munfhyg? vifu r,m;udk<br />

xrif;0atmif rauR;? t0wfvnf; vSatmifrqifay;? t&ufrl;vmNyD; ½dkufvnf;½kduf? qJvnf;qJao; ti,ftaESmif;<br />

vnf; xm;ao;qdkvQif ]]ighudkruGm&bl;}} [lí aoewfjzifh &if0udkawhum Ncdrf;ajcmufonfhwdkifatmif b,frdef;rurS<br />

ruGmbJaernf r[kwfay? uGmrSm aocsmonf/ þodkY uGmjcm;onfrSm obm0usí rSefuefayonf/ odkYaomf tpm<br />

vnf; 0atmifauR;? t0wfvnf; vSatmifqifay;? vcvnf; tukeftyf? cifcifrifrif ,k,k,,aernfqdkvQif<br />

]]rdef;ra& rif;uGmcsif&ifuGma[h}} qdkonfhwdkifatmif b,frdef;rrS uGmcsifrnfr[kwfay/ wlESpfudk,f&moufyef ½dk;ajrus<br />

aygif;oGm;rnfom jzpfayonf/ aocsmayonf? þodkYaygif;oifjcif;onfvnf; obm0us rSefuefvSayonf/<br />

odkYtwGufaMumifh ta&;BuD;onfrSm ]]rif;wdkY½Srf;awG cGJrxGuf&bl;}} qdkNyD; vufeufjzifh Ncdrf;ajcmuf&efrvdkay/<br />

]]rif;wdkYcGJxGuf&r,f}} qdkNyD; twif;ESifxkwf&efvnf;rvdkay/ wu,frcGJxGufapcsifvQif wu,frcGJxGufatmif apwem<br />

jzLjzLpifpifESifh wef;wl&nfwl aygif;oif;qufqHoGm;Mu&efom t"duvdktyfayonf/ ESpfOD;ESpfzufvHk;u oabmxm;<br />

rSefuefzdkY um,uHajrmuf vufawGU tjyKtpk? t,kt,½SdzdkYomvQif y"mejzpfayonf/<br />

595

596<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

twdkcsKyfqdk&vQif tajccHOya'wGif þrGefjrwfvSaom cGJxGufEdkifonfh tcGifhta&;udk tcdkiftrm xnfhoGif;<br />

xm;EdkifcJhonfh twGufaMumifhom jynfrESifh jynfe,frsm; pdwfwloabmwl yl;aygif;í vuf½SdjynfaxmifpkBuD;udk zGJU<br />

pnf; wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ þcGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk tajccHOya'wGif xm0pOfwnfjrJatmif<br />

umuG,fxdef;odrf;EdkifrSomvQif ½Srf;jynfolw&yfvHk;twGuf Oya't& rdrdwdkY\uHMur®mudk rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif vGwfvyfpGm<br />

zefwD; vkyfaqmifEdkifcGifh½SdaevQif ½Srf;jynf\ wnfwHhBuD;yGm;a&;udk tm;oGefcGefpdkuf BudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifonfESifhtrQ<br />

jynfaxmifpkBuD; wnfwHhBuD;yGm;a&;twGuf vkyfaqmifaeorQ umvywfvHk; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY toufxif½Sm;<br />

½SdpOftcgu tajccHOya'wGif tcdkiftrmxnfhoGif;cJhaom rGefjrwfvSonfh þcGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk rnfolrQ wpHkw&m<br />

xdyg;jcif;? jyifqifjcif;? ½kyfodrf;jcif;? ao;odrf,kwfnHhatmif wenf;enf;jzifh MuHpnfjyKvkyfjcif; tvsOf;rjyKoifh<br />

aMumif; uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUu tav;teufcH,lygonf/<br />

odkYtwGufaMumifh ½Srf;jynfu þtajccHOya't& cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk pGefYvTwf&ef tajccHOya' tcef; (10)<br />

Hygyk'frrsm; jyifqifzdkY erfhcrf;trwf OD;xGef;at;u rMumrDusif;yawmhrnfh ½Srf;jynfe,faumifpD tpnf;ta0;wGif<br />

tqdkwifoGif;rnf[k twdtvif; aMunmvmjcif;onf-<br />

- AdkvfcsKyfatmifqefESifUwuG ½Srf;jynfolacgif;aqmifrsm; tajrmftjrifBuD;pGmjzifU jynfaxmifpkay:xGef;a&;<br />

twGuf tajccHOya'wGif tcdkiftrmxnfUoGif;cJUaom ½Srf;jynfolwdkh\ rGefjrwfvSonfU udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifU<br />

udk udkvdkeDe,fcsJYorm; tvdkawmfus rdkufrJpGmzsufqD;ypf&ef tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmjcif;/<br />

- yifvHkpmcsKyft& jynfrESifUjynfe,frsm; pdwfwloabmwl yl;aygif;wnfaxmifMuaom oabmw&m;udk<br />

ysufjym;atmif e,fcsJYorm;tvdkus tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmcJUjcif;ESifU<br />

- jynfaxmifpk zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk puúLpkwfjzpfoGm;atmif ,kwfrmpGm tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmjcif;<br />

wdkhyif jzpfayonf/<br />

,ckuJhodkY OD;xGef;at;u ½Srf;jynftoufjzpfaom tajccHOya'yg cGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk jyifqif&ef? zsufodrf;<br />

ypf&ef tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmcJhjcif;onfomvQif ½Srf;jynf\ wnfjrJa&;udk vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;\<br />

wnfjrJa&;udk vnf;aumif;? tEÅ&m,fjzpfapí wdkif;wyg;wdkY 0ifa&mufpGufEdkif&eftwGuf vrf;cif;ay;&m a&mufayonf/<br />

,if;odkY jynfaxmifpkcspfpdwf? rsKd;cspfpdwf"gwf acgif;yg;vSaom e,fcsJUolvQKd? udk,fusKd;½Smorm;? tmPm½l;?<br />

trsKd;om;opömazmuf OD;xGef;at;u ½Srf;jynfolwdk\ tusKd;? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;\ tusKd;udk ausmcdkif;í ½Srf;jynf<br />

tygt0if jynfaxmifpkwckvHk; qHk;½IH;epfemap&eftwGuf udkvdkeDe,fcsJUorm;\ tvdkawmfus rdkufrJpGm tm;xkwfvkyf<br />

aqmifvmjcif;udk uRefawmfwdkY &efukefNrdKU? ½Srf;jynfausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif; trIaqmiftzGJUu tjyif;txef ½Iwfcs<br />

uefYuGufvdkufayonf/<br />

xdkYjyif ½Srf;jynfolw&yfvHk;\ rGefjrwfvSpGmaom þcGJxGufEdkifcGifhudk ao;odrf,kwfnHhoGm;atmif apmfbGm;<br />

tcsKdUu rdrdwdkYtusKd;twGuf apmfbGm;tmPmpGefY avsmfaMu;awmif;&mü aps;qpfonfhvufeuftjzpf toHk;jyKaejcif;<br />

udkvnf; tjyif;txef½Iwfcs vdkufayonf/<br />

½Srf;jynftusKd;? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;tusKd; vdkvm;Muaom ½Srf;jynfudk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;? apmfbGm;rsm;?<br />

rdbjynfolrsm;? &[ef;oHCmrsm; tm;vHk;wdkYuvnf; ½Srf;jynfolwdkY\ udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhjzpfaom tajccHOya'yg<br />

cGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk wvHk;wyg'rQ tjyiftqifrcH? t½kwfodrf;rcHMubJ udkvdkeDe,fcsJUorm;wdkY\ vufudkif<br />

wkwf? udk,fusKd;½Sm tmPm½l; OD;xGef;at;\ t,kwfwrmjyifqifcsuf zsufodrf;&ef tm;xkwfvkyfaqmifvmjcif;udk<br />

vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;apmif;rusef tjyif;txef ½IwfcsuefYuGufMuyg&ef EId;aqmfyefMum;tyfygonf/<br />

- e,fcsJYolvQKd udk,fusKd;½Smorm; tmPm½l; trsKd;om;opömazmuf OD;xGef;at;udk 0dkif;y,fMu<br />

- ½Srf;jynf\ udk,fydkifjy|mef;cGifhudk umuG,fMu<br />

- ½Srf;jynfolw&yfvHk; aoG;pnf;Mu<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

½Srf;jynfausmif;ol^ausmif;om;rsm;toif;<br />

&efukefNrdKY<br />

(15? 2? 59)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(p) wuúodkvftufOya'udkjyifqifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

tpdk;&rS 1959 ck? Zefe0g&D (17) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;wGif &efukef<br />

wuúodkvftufOya'udk jyifqif&eftwGuf wifjycJhayonf/<br />

xdktcg ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo) u atmufygtwdkif;jyefMum;cJhygonf/<br />

1/ vuf½SdEdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf tdrfapmifhtpdk;& jzpfonf/ w&m;0iftpdk;&tzGJU jzpfay:vma&;twGuf w&m;rQ<br />

waom a½G;aumufyGJusif;yay;&efESifh Mum;umvtwGif; wdkif;jynfudk xdef;odrf;apmifha½Smufxm;&ef wm0efom jzpfonf/<br />

wdkif;jynftwGuf ta&;BuD;aomtufOya'udk? jyifqifcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyf&ef wm0efr½SdonfhtwGufvnf;aumif;/<br />

2/ tufOya'jyifqifcsufudk avhvmvQifvnf; wuúodkvf0,fwOD;wnf; tmPm½Sifpepf jzpfay: vmap&ef<br />

ESifh ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg;um tjyiftyrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufEdkif&ef jzpfonf[lívnf;aumif;/<br />

wuorS ausmif;omxkESifh jynfolvlxktm; wifjyí tufOya'jyifqifjcif;udk uefYuGufcJhayonf/ xdkodkY<br />

uefYuGufonfhtwGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS axmufcHcsuft& jyKvkyfjyifqif&ygonf[laom tMuHtpnfysufjym;<br />

í wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHÓPfawmif;cHjcif;om jzpfygonf[k aemufqkwfcJhavonf/<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDrSvnf; wOD;wnf; tmPmydkifpepfodkY a&muf½Sdaprnfh jyifqifcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;<br />

vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg;aprnfh jyifqifcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGufxkwfy,f tMuHÓPfay;jcif; jyKcJhayonf/<br />

xdkodkY ausmif;om;xku jyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; azazmf0g&D (8) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf<br />

tpnf;ta0;yGJwGif &efukefwuúodkvf tufOya'jyifqifcsuf rlMurf;wifoGif;&ef txl;trdefYjyefwrf; xGufay:vmonf/<br />

¤if;wGif wuúodkvfaumifpDrS wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk xkwfypf&ef jyifqifcsuf ygvmonf/ þonfrSm<br />

tdrfapmifhtpdk;&\ r½dk;om;aom tjyKtrljzpfonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjypOfu ryg½SdcJhaomtcsufrsm;udk<br />

,ckrSwifoGif;jcif;onf wuúodkvfaumifpDudk vSnfhjzm;apmfum;vdkufjcif; jzpfavonf/ tpdk;&tzGJU\ *kPfodu©mudk<br />

xdcdkufapaom vdrfvnfrIBuD;w&yf jzpfayonf/<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk jzKwfypfí ausmif;om;rsm;u rJjzifha&G;aumuf&rnfh<br />

udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk tpm;xdk;jcif;onf-<br />

1/ wuoonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u w&m;0ifwifajr§mufxm;onfh tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf[laom tcsuf<br />

udky,fcsum ausmif;om;xktm;vHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwf[laom oabmxm;oufa&mufjcif;? wenf;qdkaomf<br />

&mZ0if tpOftquf½SdcJhaom wuo\tcef;u@udk ESdrfhcsapmfum;jcif; jzpfonf/<br />

2/ wuo\tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ,ckuJhodkYxdyg;um <strong>or*¾</strong>tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyif&ef MuH½G,fjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

xdkrQruao; ausmif;om;wdkif; <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifjzpf&rnf[laom tcsufudk zsufodrf;um <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJUpnf;cGifhudk yifydwfyif&eft<br />

wGuf pwifjyifqifvmaom ajcvSrf; jzpfonf/<br />

3/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udk jzKwfcsNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;rsm;u 'D*&D&NyD; (11) ESpf oufwrf;½Sdaom<br />

tjyiftyrS yk*¾dKvf (2) OD;tm; rJjzifh a½G;aumuf&rnf qdkjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ w&m;0ifoabmxm;udk<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjyjcif;rjyKEdkif&ef pDpOfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ tjyiftyrS wuúodkvfwGif 0ifa&muf ta½G;cH&jcif;<br />

onf wuúodkvfe,fajrudk jyifyEdkifiHa&;tzGJUrsm; ,SOfNydKifp&m ppfwvif;tjzpfodkY a&muf½SdoGm;&ef um,uHajrmuf<br />

jyKusifhvdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf/<br />

þodkY jyKvkyfonfhtjyif q&mrsm;? XmerSL;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;ESifh ywfoufívnf; ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhudk<br />

0ifa&muf pGufzufvmonf/<br />

xdkodkYausmif;om;rsm; vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmaomtcgwGif ppfum;rsm; wuo0if;xJodkY a½SU0ifaygufrsm;<br />

u 0ifvmum ppfom;rsm; ckefqif;vmNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0ifa&muf zrf;qD;Muavonf/ udkaZmf0if;? udkpdk;odef;?<br />

udkbaumif;? udkcifarmiftkef;wdkh xGufajy;Muavonf/<br />

597

598<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;cifarmiftkef;<br />

(1958-59)<br />

&efukefNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;cJhonf/ wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk a&eHacsmif;NrKdUrS 1951 ckESpfwGif atmifjrifcJhí wuúodkvf<br />

ynm&yfrsm;udk qufvufoifMum;onf/<br />

1954-55 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUwGif tdk;a0r*¾Zif;t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1957-58 ckwGif<br />

wuotrIaqmifwOD;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&í twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/<br />

1958-59 ckwGif wuoOuú|jzpfonf/<br />

1958 ckwGif zqyvESpfjcrf;uGJNyD; EdkifiHa&;ajymif;vJrIrsm;jzpfcJh\/ xdkpOfu EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf jzpfol OD;Eku<br />

tpdk;&tmPmudk AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;tpdk;&tm; vTJajymif;ay;cJh\/ tmPmvTJajymif;ay;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u uefYuGufqE´jycJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvftif*sifeD,mr[mXme ausmif;om;rsm; qE´jyoydwfarSmufcJhonf/ tif*sifeD,mr[mXmerSL; a½TUajymif;<br />

ay;&\/ AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; tpdk;&vufxufwGif wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsufjyKvkyfonf/ tufOya'<br />

jyifqifcsuft& wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif yg0ifaom wuo udk,fpm;vS,fESpfOD;tm; xkwfypfjcif;? ausmif;om;<br />

a&;rSL;rsm; cefYxm;jcif; jyKvkyfcJh\/ ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifh ywfoufívnf;aumif;? wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqif<br />

csuftwGufvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyjcif; jyKcJhMuonf/<br />

wuúodkvfwGif ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmif EkwfxGufoGm;ojzifh? ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmvSjrifhtm; cefYxm;<br />

onf/ tcuftcJrsm;Mum;rS pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/<br />

1959 ck? {NyDv (3) &ufaeYwGif AdkvfcsKyfBuD;tpdk;&u wuotaqmuftODudk 0dkif;um ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif<br />

rsm;udk zrf;qD;onf/ Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;wdkY tzrf;cH&NyD;? 'k-Ouú| udkbaumif;<br />

ESifh twGif;a&;rSL; udkcifatmifwdkY wdrf;a½SmifaecJh&onf/ wuo twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmifbef;? trIaqmif<br />

a[mif; udkjrifhOD;wdkYvnf; tzrf;cHcJh&\/ udkcifarmiftkef;? udkzdk;omab;wdkYtm; EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ESifhtwl<br />

udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&onf/<br />

udkcifarmiftkef;onf wuúodkvfwGif ynmqufvufqnf;yl;qJ jzpfonf/ (6) Budrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHrS Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&í ,ckwm0ef,l vkyfaqmifvsuf<br />

½Sdonf/ (tdk;a0) 1962 rwfv (2) &uf tmPmodrf;rIESifh ywfoufonfh xkwfjyefrIaMumifh Ouú|tjzpfrS<br />

z,f&Sm;cH&onf/ OD;cif armiftkef;onf rdk;[def;ukd? cifarmiftkef; ponfhtrnfrsm;jzifh EdkifiHwumta&;tcif;rsm;ESifh<br />

ywfoufí EG,feDr*¾Zif;? rdk;*sme,fwdkYwGif a&;om;cJhonf/ 2006 ckESpf? arv (5) &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrKdUwGif<br />

uG,fvGefonf/

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1958-1959)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ<br />

(1958 ck? Mo*kwf 9 &ufrS 13 &uf)<br />

armfvNrKdifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

Ouú| udkausmftkef; tzGifUtrSmpum;<br />

ajymMum;aepOf<br />

oD;jcm;u@tvdkuf ae&mcJGí aqG;aEG;Muonf<br />

599

600<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1958 ck? Mo*kwfv (9) &ufaehrS (13) &ufaehwdkif &efukefwuúodkvf bGJYESif;boifcef;raqmifwGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yjyKvkyfpOfu pkpkaygif;udk,fpm;vS,f (789) a,muf wufa&mufcJUonf<br />

(0J) ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJusif;y&modkh vmMupOf? (,m) rGef;vGJ (1) em&DrS (2) em&D acwÅ&yfem;csdefwGif<br />

(0J) vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm; pHkvifpGmjzifh? (,m) ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ NyD;qHk;rnfUnwGif udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;tm; uyGJrsm;jzifU *kPfjyK{nfUcHMuavonf<br />

atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;qHk;aemuf? bGJYESif;obifcef;rrS wuotaqmuftODodkh csDwufvmMupOf<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1958 rS 1959 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH? ,leefjynfe,foGm;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;cspfMunfa&; rdwfquftzGJY0ifrsm;ESifU<br />

w½kwftrsKd;om;? trsKd;oD®;rsm;<br />

ulrif;a[mfw,faY½SwGif ½kduful;xm;pOf<br />

601<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

602<br />

(u) 1959-60 wuoa½G;aumufyGJ<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (22)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY<br />

trsKd;om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1959 rS 1960)<br />

1958 tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufwGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&rsm;rSm rsm;pGmjyóem wufcJhavonf/<br />

1958-59 wuoOuú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJü zqyvu AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;tpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;cJhjcif;udk<br />

wuoonf oabmxm;rsm;xkwfjyefaMunm uefYuGufcJhavonf/ tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;oydwfta&;udk<br />

OD;aqmifrIay;cJh\/ ausmif;pnf;urf;udktaMumif;jyKí tEÅ&m,fay;vmrnfhtcsufudk uefYuGufcJhonf/ 1958 wuúodkvf<br />

Oya'jyifqifcsuftwGuf xdcdkufcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfwifjycJhonf/ ausmif;ydwfcgeD;wGif ]<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;?<br />

trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;wdkhtm; zrf;qD;í udkudk;uRef;odkhydkhonf? <strong>or*¾</strong>'k-Ouú| udkbaumif;ESifU twGif;a&;rSL; udkcifatmifwdkh<br />

wdrf;a½Smifae&onf/} 1958 wuúodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsuft& wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;tm;<br />

jzKwfypfcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,fygaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDudkvnf; zsufodrf;cJh\/ 1954-55 ckrSpí aumufcH<br />

ay;cJhaom <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;udk ausmif;om;wdkif;xHrS aumufray;? tcGifhta&;[lorQ ½kyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>udk<br />

tzufzufrSNzdKzsuf&ef vHk;yef;cJhMuonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; rNydKysuf? ausmif;om;tiftm; ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIjzifh &yfwnf<br />

vsuf ½SdcJhonf/? ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;rludk qefYusifuefYuGufaom rD;wkwfudkifqE´jyyGJ? rD;rSdwfqE´jyyGJrsm;jzifh<br />

zdESdyfrIBuD; rem;onfhMum;u vIyf½Sm;aecJhonf/<br />

1958-59 ckESpf <strong>or*¾</strong> tvkyftpnf;ta0;tm; wuotwGuf rSwfwdkifw&yf jzpfapcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|<br />

udkudk;uRef; a&mufaeonf? <strong>or*¾</strong>'k-Ouú| a½Smifwdrf;ae&onf? odkYaomf <strong>or*¾</strong>tvkyftpnf;ta0;udkum; tcuftcJ<br />

Mum;rS usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ wuoa½G;aumufyGJtwGuf a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdcefYum jyifqifEdkifcJhjcif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>udk qufvuf<br />

&yfwnfEdkifapcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> yxrESpfywfvnfa½G;aumufyGJudk taESmifht,Sufay;ao;\/ ausmif;om;wdkYtm; ausmif;<br />

xkwfxm;jcif;udk y,fzsufEdkifcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk xdkpOfu tmPmrJhjzpfaom oefY½Sif;zqyv<br />

Ouú| OD;Eku jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJNyD;aemuf <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJUtm; rD;wkwfudkif qE´jycJhonfhtwGuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

awmif;yef&rnf[k qufvuftusyfudkifvmonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJUonf tcsdefumvtajctaersm;udk Munfh½I<br />

avhvmonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>wnfwHh&yfwnfEdkifa&;udk tav;teufxm;Muonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJUu awGUqHkaqG;aEG;ajz<br />

½Sif;&ef qHk;jzwfrI jyKcJh&avonf/ 1960 ck vTwfawmfa½G;aumufyGJ usif;yí OD;Ek acgif;aqmifaom jynfaxmifpk<br />

ygwD tpdk;&tzGJUjzpfvmonf/ wuúodkvf t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfu vdkufavsmrIay;ojzifh ausmif;om; awmif;qdk<br />

csufta&; ajyat;cJhonf/ zrf;qD;um udkudk;uRef;ydkYcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfcJh&onf/ a½Smifwdrf;aeaom<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onfvnf; w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifh &½SdcJhMuayawmhonf/<br />

1959-60 wuotrIaqmifrsm;rSm<br />

udkvSwif Ouú|<br />

udkpdef0if; 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkAaqGav; aiGxdef;<br />

udkndK0if; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkjroef; wGJbuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;XmerSL;<br />

udkausmfvIdif EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkudkMunf vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkatmif0if; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;<br />

rcifcifapm tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

udkatmifodrf;Edkif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

(c) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsufrsm;<br />

1959 ckESpf yHkESdyfxkwfa0olrsm; (rSwfyHkwif) tufOya' yk'fr 7 (1) t& ay;tyfaom 0efcHcsufrsm;<br />

atmufwGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;ol uRefawmf ------------- onf 1959 ckESpf? yHkEdSyfolrsm;ESifh xkwfa0ol<br />

rsm; (rSwfyHkwif) tufOya'\ 'kwd,Z,m;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh atmufyg0efcHcsufrsm;ESifhtnD wm0ef,laqmif½Guf&ef<br />

uwd0efcHcsufjyKygonf/<br />

(u) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'wGifyg½Sdaom rlvtcGifhta&;rsm;udk ysufjym;ap&ef<br />

MuH½G,faom? odkYwnf;r[kwf ysufjym;rnfhtaMumif; jzpfay:apaom rnfonfh tMuHay;rI? wdkufwGef;rI? vIHUaqmfrI?<br />

tm;ay;rI? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYrIrsKd;udkrqdk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKvkyfyg/<br />

(c) bmoma&;qdkif&m udk;uG,frIudkaomfvnf;aumif;? ,HkMunfrIudkaomfvnf;aumif; rnfonhftcgrQ rykwfcwf?<br />

odkYwnf;r[kwf r½Iwfcsyg/<br />

(*) EdkifiHa&;tmPmudk vufeufjzifhodrf;,l&ef rnfonfha½SU½Icsuf? odkYwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;csufrsKd;udkrqdk<br />

rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;? tm;ay;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/<br />

(C) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif rnfodkYaomEdkifiHa&; tmPm½SifpepfrsKd;udkrqdk a½SU½I&ef? wnfaxmif&ef<br />

odkwnf;r[kwf usifhoHk;&ef? rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/<br />

(i) twdkuftcH EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; xm;½SdcGifhjyKaom ygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ysufjym;ap&ef MuH½G,f<br />

aom? odkYwnf;r[kwf ysufjym;rnfhtaMumif; jzpfay:apaom rnfonfhtMuHay;rI? wdkufwGef;rI? vIHUaqmfrI? tm;ay;rI?<br />

odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsdrIrsKd;udkrqdk rnfonfhtcgrQ rjyKyg/<br />

(p) vQKdU0Suf&JtzGJU (Secret Police) zGJUpnf;í pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfonfhpepfrsKd; wnfaxmifjcif;udkaomfvnf; aumif;?<br />

wnfaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;udkaomfvnf;aumif; rnfonfhtcgrQ tMuHay;jcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;?<br />

axmufcHjcif;? tm;ay;jcif; odkUwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif; rjyKyg/<br />

(q) tjcm;EdkifiHwckckrS jzpfap? EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;xHrS jzpfap? &efykHaiGtwGuf aiGaMu;? odkYwnf;r[kwf ypönf;<br />

tultnD taxmuftyHhudk rSwfyHkwiftmPmydkif\ BudKwifoabmwlcGifhjyKcsufr&bJ wdkuf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkufjzpfap<br />

rnfonfhtcgrQvufcHjcif; rjyKyg/<br />

(Z) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'\rlrsm;udk qefYusifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;<br />

rsm;udk rnfonfhtcgrQ axmufcHjcif;? tm;ay;jcif;? odkYwnf;r[kwf 0g'jzefYcsday;jcif;rjyKyg/<br />

rSwfcsuf- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS ay;tyfaom0efcHcsuf rl&if;udk pmrsufESm (637) wGifMunfhyg/<br />

603

604<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

txufyg0efcHcsufrsm;twdkif; xm0pOfvdkufem&ef wm0ef,lygonf/<br />

tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

wuotaqmuftOD? &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

(rSwfcsuf- 1959-60? twJG (1)? trSwf (10)? tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS 0efcHcsufudk jyefvnfwdkufqdkif ul;,lazmfjyonf/)<br />

(*) rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;twGuf &efukefwuúodkvfrGefausmif;om;rsm; oabmxm;<br />

,aeY rGefwrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwfqE´jyif;jyaeMuonfh jyóemrsm;? rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&; (0g) rGefjynfe,f<br />

&,la&; jyóemyifjzpfonf/ jynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;onf jynfaxmifpktwGif;½Sd rsm;jym;aomwm0eftcsKdUudk cGJa0<br />

ulnDxrf;aqmifjcif;? ½kdif;yif;jcif;? 0dkif;0ef;aqmif½Gufjcif; ponfh oabmrsm;yif jzpfavonf/ jynfe,fwck<br />

ay;vdkufjcif;tm;jzifh jynfaxmifpk\ tiftm;NydKuGJjcif;? pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrI ysufjym;jcif; ponfrsm;udk zefwD;<br />

ay;Edkifonfh oabmw&m;rsm; ay:aygufrIr½SdaMumif;udkvnf; ½Srf;? csif;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;ponfh jynf<br />

e,frsm;udk azmfxkwfay;xm;onfuyifvQif cdkifrmaomom"uw&yftaejzifh wnf½Sdaeonfomru jynfaxmifpk<br />

pdwf"gwf ydkrdkcdkifjrJwdk;wufonfh tvm;tvmrsm; ½SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; txift½Sm; awGUjrifEdkifayonf/<br />

rGefwrsKd;om;vHk;\ qE´jzpfaom rGefjynfe,f&,la&; (0g) azmfxkwfa&;udk yxptzGJU Ouú|BuD;jzpfaom<br />

0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf wBudrfru rGefvlxkrsm;tm; uwday;cJhonfudk yxptpdk;&\ t"duvkyfief;pOf rlw&yfjzpf<br />

aMumif; uREkfyfwdkY tav;teuf ,HkMunfrdonf/ Ouú|BuD;\ uwdESifhtnD rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;udpötwGuf<br />

tMuHay;tzGJUBuD;tm; wm0efvTJtyfvdkuf&mwGif rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&;ESifh ywfoufaomqE´rsm; avhvmjcif;?<br />

pkHprf;ppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;wdkYonf qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef rvdktyfawmh? trSeftm;jzifhtMuHay;tzGJUBuD;onf<br />

rGefjynfe,fudk rnfyHkay;rnf? rnfodkY taumiftxnfazmfrnf? rnfonfha'oudk rGefjynfe,ftwGif; xnfhoGif;<br />

owfrSwfoifhonfudkom pHkprf;&efom vdktyfayonf/<br />

jynfe,fwck azmfxkwfa&;ü vlxkrJqE´tm;jzifU tqHk;tjzwfay;aomrlonf 'Drdkua&pDa&mifjcnfoef;aeouJUodkh<br />

xif&aomfvnf; trSeftm;jzifU wtlwHkqif; uREfkyfwdkhrGeftcsif;csif;tm; aoG;uGJapaompepfqdk;jzpfaMumif; tcdkiftrm<br />

,HkMunfonf/ ¤if;pepfonf e,fcsJYt*Fvdyfwdkhu usifUoHk;cJUaom pepfa[mif;pepfaqG; r[kwfygavm/<br />

trSeftm;jzifh wdkif;jynfBuD;wcktm; vGwfvyfa&;ay;jcif; jzpfap? wdkif;jynfi,frsm;tm; jynfe,fcGJay;onf<br />

jzpfap? vlxkrJqE´jzifh qHk;jzwf½dk;xHk;pHvnf; r½Sd? tpOftvmvnf; r[kwfay/ txufazmfjycJhaom ½Srf;? ucsif?<br />

u&if? u,m;? csif;jynfe,frsm; ay;cJhpOftcsdeftcgu vlxkrJqEúdk toHk;jyKcJhjcif;r½Sdaomrludk rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwf<br />

a&; udpöusrSom toHk;jyKjcif;onf tvGefroifhawmf ravsmfuefaom rlqdk;jzpfaMumif; uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfrdayonf/<br />

NyD;cJhaom taxGaxGa½G;aumufyGJwGif rGefvlxkw&yfvHk;u wdusjywfom;pGm rGefjynfe,fvdkvm;aMumif;<br />

tjyif;tjyqE´jycJhNyD; wqufwnf;yif &efukefNrdKU½Sd rGefacgif;aqmifvlBuD;rsm;? rGefa'o½Sd rGeftiftm;pktoD;oD;wdkY<br />

uvnf; tpdk;&tMuHay;tzGJUBuD;tm; waoG;woHwnf;? rGefjynfe,f&,la&;udkom jyif;jyaomqE´jzifh wcJeuf<br />

ajzMum; awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

xdkaMumifh rGefwrsKd;om;vHk;\qE´jzpfaom rGefjynfe,f azmfxkwfa&;jyóemudkom tvsiftjref azmfxkwf<br />

ay;oifhonf[k uREfkyfwdkY,HkMunfxm;onfhtwdkif; vmrnfh 1960 ck? Mo*kwfvtwGif; usif;yrnfh bwf*sufygvD<br />

refwGif oufqdkif&mtpdk;&tzGJUrS rGefjynfe,fazmfxkwfa&; Oya'Murf;w&yfudk tcsdefrDwifoGif; owfrSwfay;&ef<br />

uREfkyfwdkY &efukefwuúodkvf rGefausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;u tav;teufawmif;qdktyfygonf/<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfrGeftoif;<br />

&efukef

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(C) jrefrm&mZ0ifta&;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJta&;? jrefrm&mZ0ifoD;jcm;oifa&;ESifh 0&rf;<br />

xkwfcHxm;&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;twGuf ZGefv (24) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf<br />

ESifh oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG; awmif;qdkcJhygonf/<br />

xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ usif;ya&;ESifhywfoufí wuorS EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyftm; ynma&;<br />

tajctaeaumif;rGefí ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJtatmifrsm;ygu wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwckom ½SdoifhaMumif;? odkYaomf<br />

wuúodkvfwGif ynma&;tajctae aumif;rGefvmatmif rvkyfEdkifbJ pmar;yGJwckwnf;om usif;yojzifh ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

pmBudK;pm;aomfvnf; pmar;yGJtusrsm;í epfem&aMumif;/ ,cifESpfpmar;yGJrsm;\ atmifcsuf&mcdkifEIef; rrDaMumif;?<br />

jyKjyifajymif;vJvdkufaom ynma&;pepfwckonf ausmif;om;rsm;udk tusKd;jyKap&rnfhomjzpfNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

epfemxdcdkufrI rjzpftyfaMumif;? odkYaomf ausmif;om;rsm; epfemae&ojzifh aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ jyKvkyfay;oifhaMumif;<br />

tus,fw0ifh wifjycJhygonf/<br />

EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfuvnf; xdkta&;ESifhywfoufí ¤if;oabmxm;udk wuo trIaqmifrsm;tm; jyefvnf<br />

aqG;aEG;ojzifh t,ltqcsif; zvS,fEdkifcJhonf/ aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJusif;ya&;udk qD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyay;rnf[k<br />

jyefMum;vdkufygonf/ odkYaomf wuoESifh <strong>or*¾</strong>toD;oD;rS awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; 29? 6? 60 &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom<br />

qD;edwftpnf;ta0;rS aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ rusif;yay;awmh[k qHk;jzwfvdkufaMumif; xkwfjyef aMunmcJhonf/<br />

jrefrm&mZ0ifudkvnf; ausmif;om;xktm; vSnfhpm;onfhoabm trnfajymif;½Hkom ajymif;ay;cJhonf/ odkYtwGuf<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;u jrefrm&mZ0ifudpöudkvnf; qD;edwfrS rvdkufavsmhcJhaMumif; xif½Sm;onf[k ,lqayonf/ þjyóemrsm;<br />

omru wef;cGJwef;cspepfudkyg qD;edwfrS xyfrHtwnfjyKvdkuf jyefonf/<br />

xdktcg ausmif;om;xkonf wcJeuftHk

606<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(p) q|rtBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcH q|rtBudrfudk wuotaqmuftODü 1960<br />

ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (20) &ufaeYrS (22) &ufxd usif;ycJhonf/ ¤if;nDvmcHodkY q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;u<br />

o0PfvTmay;ydkY&mwGif-<br />

q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;\ o0PfvTm<br />

q&marwÅma½SYxm;vsuf o0PfvTmyg;vdkuf&ayonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJYcsKyf\ (6) Budrfajrmuf<br />

nDvmcHobmywdESifUwuG ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftaygif;wdkh-<br />

,aeYrSpí usif;yjyKvkyfvsuf½Sdaom armifwdkY\ausmif;om;rsm; nDvmcHobifBuD;udk atmifjrifNyD;ajrmuf<br />

onftxd aqG;aEG;usif;yEdkif&ef q&mtav;teuf qkawmif;arwåmydkYovdkufygonf/<br />

,if;odkY qkawmif;arwåmydkYoNyD;aemuf q&mtenf;i,fqufvufí trSmpum;a&;om;ay;ydkYvdkufonfrSm<br />

q&mwdkY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif tem*wfwdkif;oljynfom;wdkY\ aumif;usKd;csrf;omtwGuf tbufbufu pGrf;<br />

aqmifEdkifrnfholrsm;wGif armifwdkYausmif;om;wdkYonf t"duyk*¾dKvfrsm; jzpfMuayonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUvufatmufrS<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf ESvHk;&nf? vuf½Hk;&nf trsKd;rsKd;wdkufyGJqif&mwGif 1920 ckESpf ausmif;om;ta&;awmf<br />

yHkBuD;onf txufjrwfqHk;ESifh tcdkiftrmqHk; vufeufBuD;ozG,f jzpfcJhayonf/ ,aeYjrefrmEdkifiHonf txufyg<br />

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk tajccHum vGwfvyfa&;&½Sd aMunmEdkifcJhNyDjzpfaomfvnf; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\<br />

ynmoifMum;a&;qdkif&mwGif rjynfh0rajyjypf½Sdvsufyif ae&ao;aMumif; q&mMum;od&ayonf/ trSefpifppf ,if;odkY<br />

jzpf&jcif;rSm t&if;ppftjrpfajru qdkouJhodkY q&mwdkYwdkif;jynfwGif (12) ESpfausmfrQ jynfwGif;ppfjzpfae&aomaMumifh<br />

jzpfonf[k ,lq&ayonf/<br />

odkYjzpf&m Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;vdkolrsm;? pD;yGm;Opömudk Nidrf;csrf;pGmvkyfudkif½SmazGvdkolrsm; ponfh jynfol<br />

w&yfvHk;udk jynfwGif;ppf &yfpJNidrf;csrf;&efudkvnf; wwfEdkiforQBudK;yrf;&efvdkayonf/ armifwdkYausmif;om;rsm; taeESifh<br />

vnf; 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&efvdkonf[k q&mxifjrifayonf/<br />

þuJhodkY Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk pkaygif;BudK;yrf;Mu&if; rdrdwdkYynmoifMum;a&;rsm;twGufudkvnf; qdkif&m rdb?<br />

q&mwdkYESifh twwfEdkifqHk; nDñGwfrQwpGmjzifh aqmif½GufoifMum;oGm;&efudkvnf; EId;aqmfwdkufwGef;vdkayonf/<br />

ed*Hk;csKyftaejzifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHtem*wfumvwGif om,m0ajyma&;twGuf acgif;aqmif<br />

rIay;Edkif&ef? wzufrSynma&;udk rdbq&mwdkYESifh rQwnDñGwfpGmBudK;yrf;oifMum;vsuf wzufrSvnf; jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJ<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf 0dkif;0ef;BudK;yrf;Mu&ef q&mxyfrH wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkuf&ayonf/<br />

obmywd udkaZmf0if; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;&mwGif-<br />

obmywd udkaZmf0if;rdefhcGef;<br />

(yHk)<br />

ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;<br />

{nfUonfawmfrsm;? rdwfaqGrsm;ESifU &Jabmfudk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;? avUvmolrsm;cifAsm;-<br />

AuotzGJUcsKyf (6) Budrfajrmuf nDvmcHBuD;udk atmifjrifpGmusif;yEdkifa&;twGuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

MuzdkY? a½SUausmif;om;tusKd;jyK ynma&;wm0efrsm;twGufrS rSefuefwdusaom ynma&;vkyfief;pOfw&yfudk pkaygif;<br />

csrSwfEdkifa&; &nf½G,fMuzdkY wdkufwGef;yefMum;vdkygw,f/ txl;ojzifh ynma&;wdkufyGJ? ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIwdkYESifh<br />

ywfoufaom oabmxm;rsm;? t,ltqrsm;udk taumif;qHk;aom vrf;ñTefrIw&yftaeeJY &,lEdkifzdkY vdktyfygvdrfhr,f/<br />

'DaeY uRefawmfwdkY vkyfudkifaeMuwJhwm0ef[m vGefcJhaomtESpf (40) umv ynma&;vIyf&½Sm;rI&JU tquft<br />

EG,fjzpfNyD; rNyD;qHk;ao;wJh 'Drdkua&pDynma&; vkyfief;wm0efyJjzpfygw,f/ 1920 ckESpfrSm armfuGef;0if trsKd;om;atmifyGJ<br />

aeYBuD;udk arG;zGm;cJhNyD; tESpf (100) ausmf uRefjyKcJhwJh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;wdkYudk yxrqHk; qefYusifawmfvSefcJhwJh<br />

trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&;vIyf½Sm;rIBuD; pwifcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh uRefynma&;? udkvdkeDynma&;rS<br />

ocifynma&;? trsKd;om;ynma&;odkY ul;ajymif;a&; wm0ef½Sdovdk jynfolrdbrsm;rSmvnf; uRefpD;yGm;a&;? udkvdkeDpD;yGm;<br />

a&;rS ocifpD;yGm;a&; trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;odkY ul;ajymif;a&; wm0ef½SdcJhygw,f/ 'DwlnDrI (2) &yf[m yl;aygif;rdcJhwJh<br />

tjyif ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh trsKd;om;ynma&;&,la&;[m EdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;jyóemeJY cGJcGmvdkYr&bl;vdkY em;vnfcJhMu<br />

w,f/ 'gaMumifh 1938 ckESpf 1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkBuD; ay:aygufcJh&w,f/ 1941 ckESpf t*Fvdyftm; jrefrmhajrrS<br />

armif;xkwfcJh&w,f/ 1945 ckESpf zufqpfqefYusifa&; jrefrmajrrS armif;xkwfa&;udk qufvufwdkufyGJ qifcJhMuwm[m<br />

vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtqifhqifhrsm; jzpfMuygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeeJY 'DvGwfvyfa&;vIyf½Sm;rIwavQmufrSm wuf

608<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

pm;vS,fawmfrsm;? avhvmolrsm; yg0ifcJhygw,f/ zqyvtpdk;&&JU <strong>or*¾</strong>zsufodrf;a&;trdefYudk uefYuGuf&if; <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;eJY ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf trsKd;om;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoif<br />

Mum;Edkifa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk nDvmcHBuD;rSm csrSwfEdkifcJhygw,f/ azmfjywJh ynma&;wm0ef&yfrsm;udk acgif;aqmifNyD;<br />

taumiftxnfazmfzdkY twGuf uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJUudk vTJtyfcJhygw,f/<br />

nDvmcHNyD;wJhaemufydkif;rSm cufcJwJhcsKyfcs,frIrsm;wJh vrf;c&D;udk jzwfoef;&jcif;jzpfvdkY ESpfpOfnDvmcH ac:,l&<br />

rSm jzpfayrJh rusif;yEdkifcJhygbl;/ 1957 ckESpf rEÅav;rSm yxrOD;pD;nDvmcHeJY 1958 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfrSm<br />

'kwd,wdk;csJU OD;pD;nDvmcH xyfac:EdkifcJhw,f/ vkyfief;awGtay:rSm ppfaq;wm? a0zefwm? a½SUvkyfief;pOfawG twGuf<br />

jyifqifwmawGudk vkyfEdkifcJhNyD; 'DaeYnDvmcHuGef*&uf ac:qdkEdkifwmjzpfygw,f/<br />

1957 ck zqyvtpdk;&? 1958 ck zqyvtuGJ oefY½Sif;tpdk;&? 1959 ck AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&? 1960<br />

ckESpf yxp oefY½Sif;zqyvtpdk;&qdkwJh EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfa&; ajymif;vJrItrsKd;rsKd;rSm tzGJUcsKyfwm0efrsm;udk xdef;odrf;vkyf<br />

aqmifcJhwmrdkY <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;&JU tqifhtaetxm;& trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJcJh&ygw,f/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&; wdkufyGJwavQmuf 1957 ckESpftwGif;rSm ausmif;ol^ausmif;om;aygif; (20) ausmf<br />

tzrf;cH&NyD;? ausmif;ol^ausmif;om;aygif; (300) eD;yg; ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&wJhxd &Jabmfrsm;[m wm0efudkra½SmifbJ<br />

vkyfaqmifMucJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY jynfolawG nDñGwfvmwJhtcg? oabmxm;awmif;qdkrIawG rSefuefwJhtcg<br />

vIyf½Sm;rIt½SdefMoZmaMumifh 1958 ckESpf oefY½Sif;zqyvtkyfcsKyfa&;rSm tzrf;cH&olawG jyefvTwfay;cJh&w,f/ ausmif;<br />

xkwfxm;olawG ausmif;jyefoGif;ay;cJh&w,f/ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIawG ½kwfodrf;ay;vm&w,f/<br />

&mZ0ifrSm rMuHKbl;ao;wJh 1958 ckESpf Mo*kwfv ausmif;om;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; usif;yEdkifcJhNyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>awG<br />

w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifh? <strong>or*¾</strong>*kPfodu©mawGudk jrifhrm;atmif vkyfpGrf;EdkifcJhygw,f/ a½SUrSmqufvufNyD; 'D atmifjrifrIawGudk<br />

taumiftxnfazmfzdkY jyifqifae&if; uRefawmfwdkYwawG yDuif;NrdKUawmfrSm usif;ywJh urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

tzGJUcsKyf uGef*&ufrS jyefra&mufrD EdkifiHa&;tajctaeajymif;vJNyD; ppftpdk;& wufvmcJhygw,f/ wygwnf; ynma&;<br />

avmurSm ppfrkefwdkif;awG xefcJhw,f/ EdkifiHeJYt0Srf; usD;vefYpmpm; ocFsKdif;wpjyifvdk jzpfae&pOfrSm usefae&pfcJhwJh<br />

trIaqmifrsm;[m <strong>or*¾</strong>wm0ef&yfawGudk qufvufacgif;aqmifcJh&ygw,f/ <strong>or*¾</strong>qdkwmudk tpwkef;ZD0defcsKyfatmif<br />

vkyfcJhwJh tEÅ&m,fudk [efYwm;EdkifcJhwJh BuD;rm;aomwm0efudk ,lEdkifcJhygw,f/ txl;ojzifh wuúodkvf? aumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

awGrSm a½G;aumufyGJawG jzpfajrmufcJhw,f/ <strong>or*¾</strong>vIyf½Sm;rIawG vkyfaqmifcJhwm[m <strong>or*¾</strong>&JUacgif;aqmifrI tquf<br />

rjywfwmudk oufaocHjcif;ygyJ/<br />

{nfUonfawmfrsm;? udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;eJh avhvmolrsm;cifAsm;trsKd;om;ynma&;<br />

wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;awGrSm wuf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

qdk&if vlwpkeJYpDpOfpOf;pm; aqmif½Gufwmxuf uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awG&JUqEúdk cH,lavhvm aqG;aEG;oifhw,f<br />

qdkwm tpdk;&taeeJY oabmaygufzdkYvdkygw,f/<br />

a½SUrSm trsKd;om;ynma&;udk EdkifiHawmftusKd; wu,fjyKEdkifa&;twGuf trsm;BuD;vufawGUvkyfjzpfr,fh<br />

tajctaersKd;a&mufatmif uRefawmfwdkYwawG trsm;BuD;yJ BudK;pm;&vdrfhOD;rnfqdkwm owday;vdkufygw,f/<br />

udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;cifAsm;trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

(4) ESpfoufwrf;rSm 'DaeYwrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;jzpfwJh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;wm0efrsm;udkvnf;<br />

uRefawmfwdkYwawG twwfEdkifqHk; yg0ifcJhygw,f/ <strong>or*¾</strong>vIyf½Sm;rIBuD;rsm;rSm jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; oabmxm;awGudk<br />

vnf; csrSwfvkyfaqmifcJhygw,f/ jynfwGif;ppf[m trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;udkcsdeJYapNyD; tysufeJYtjzKef;twGufom jzpf<br />

w,fvdkY? e,fcsJUorm;udkom tusKd;jyKNyD; EdkifiHawmfrSmepfem&vdkY? ynma&;udkxdcdkufapvdkY uRefawmfrsm; <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;[m<br />

tESpf (40) jynfwGif;ppf jzpfpupNyD; Nidrf;csrf;rI&a&;twGuf a

610<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdkYaemuf trIaqmiftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpmudk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkvSjrifhu wifoGif;cJhonf/<br />

¤if;tpD&ifcHpm tESpfcsKyfrSmzqyv[m<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>udkzsufodrf;a&;twGuf trdefYxkwfNyD;aemuf Auorsm; wnfwHha&;twGuf yÍörtBudrf<br />

ajrmufnDvmcHudk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;eJY trsKd;om;a&;wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhw,f/ 1956<br />

rS 1960 av;ESpftwGif; zqyvESpfjcrf;uJGpOf 'Drdkua&pDqefYusifa&;? tjyKwfwdkufa&;? e,fcsJUvufyg;apudk 0dkif;y,f<br />

NyD; 'Drdkua&pDa&; tpOftvm½SdwJh tiftm;pkudk axmufcHcJhw,f/ AdkvfcsKyfae0if; tpdk;&wufvmawmh 'Drdkua&pDqefY<br />

usifa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifvmcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;awG tzdESdyfhcHcJh&w,f/ ausmif;xkwf? 0&rf;ajy;&jcif;[m txG#f<br />

txdyfa&mufcJhw,f/ olykefeJY aqGrsKd;awmfpyfw,fqdkNyD; vlrr,fausmif;om;rsm;udk e,fESifawmxkwfyGJBuD; usif;ycJh<br />

w,f/<br />

ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;rSm vuf½Sdynma&;pepf pepfwusr½SdyHkeJY trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;y<br />

&ef a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfwdkufyGJ0if pmwrf;udk wifoGif;cJhonf/ pmar;yGJrsm;ppfaq;&mwGif wcsKdUEdkifiHrsm; txl;<br />

ojzifh tar&duefü a&;ajz&aompmar;yGJrsm; r½Sd? ausmif;om;wdkY\ aeYpOftwef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;? oifcef;pmrsm;?<br />

avhusifhcef;rsm;udk MunfhNyD; tatmifay;aom ppfaq;enf;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif toHk;jyKaeaom a&;ajzpmar;yGJ[lí<br />

ESpfrsKd;½Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif a&;ajzenf;ay:rlwnfum ausmif;om;rsm; aeYpOfvkyfief;? avhusifhcef;?<br />

oifcef;pmudkyg xnfhoGif;wGufcsufaom pmar;yGJppfaq;enf;udk jyKoifhonf[k ,lqayonf/<br />

EdkifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif (4) wef;? (7) wef;? (10) wef;rsm;wGif tpdk;&ppf pmar;yGJjyKvkyf&ef? azmfjyyg<br />

tpdk;&ppfpmar;yGJrsm; atmifjrifygu oufqdkif&mtqifhESifh udkufnDonfh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ynmudk oifMum;Edkif&ef<br />

zefwD;ay;&rnf/ (10) wef; pmar;yGJonf wckwnf;aom pmar;yGJjzpfaomfvnf; pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;wGif wuúodkvfodkY<br />

oGm;Edkif&ef tqifhtwef;rDolrsm;tm; wuúodkvfodkY qufvufynmoifMum;EdkifcGifh½SdaMumif; yl;wGJaMunmay;&rnf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- þaMunmcsufonf ,cktpdk;&toHk;jyKaeaom (A-3) pepfESifhrwl/ wuúodkvf? Oypm? odyÜHpmar;yGJrsm;wGif<br />

atmifolrsm;xHrS tif*sifeD,m? aq;odyÜHodkY ynmoifMum;Edkifonfh oabmrsKd;jzpfonf/ wuúodkvfodkY<br />

roGm;jzpfolrsm;onf wuúodkvfodkY0ifEdkif&eftwGuf xyfrHpmar;yGJajzqdk&ef rnfodkYajz&rnf[k n§dEIdif;<br />

owfrSwf&rnf/ (10) wef;pmar;yGJ atmifjrifolwdkif;tm; atmifvufrSwfwrsKd;wnf;udkom xkwfay;&rnf/<br />

þodkYjzpf wef;cGJ? wef;cspepfudk uefYuGufcJhygonf/<br />

(q) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1959-60 trIaqmiftzGJUtpD&ifcHpm<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

( 1959 - 1960 )<br />

trIaqmiftzGJYtpD&ifcHpm<br />

1/ zGJUpnf;jcif;<br />

2/ trIaqmiftzGJU0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

3/ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

4/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifh aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

5/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhywfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

6/ yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;<br />

7/ taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;<br />

8/ Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;<br />

9/ aus;Zl;wif½Sdjcif;<br />

10/ ed*Hk;<br />

611

612<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(1)<br />

zGJYpnf;jcif;<br />

(u) a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdcefhjcif;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmifrsm; a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

twGuf wm0ef,laqmif½Gufrnfh 1958-59 ck &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef; tzrf;cH<br />

ae&NyD; 'k-Ouú|jzpfaom udkbaumif;rSm 0&rf;xkwfxm;rIaMumifh wdrf;a½SmifaecJh&onf/ xdkYaMumifh 1959-60 ckESpf<br />

trIaqmifa½G;aumufyGJtwGuf 1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (8) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;yaom 1958-59 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tvkyftpnf;ta0;rS a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd udkndK0if;ESifh a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdtm; ulnD&ef<br />

(Fore Teller) (4) a,mufudk a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhayonf/<br />

xdkodkY a½G;aumufyGJtwGuf a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdrS BudK;yrf;jyifqifaepOf 1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (14) &ufaeYwGif<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? Ouú| udkapmvGiftm;vnf;aumif;? Mo*kwfv (16) &ufwGif rEÅav;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 'k-Ouú| udkpdefjrifhtm;vnf;aumif; zrf;qD;jcif;twGuf a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdrS ,if;uJhodkY<br />

zrf;qD;jcif;udkuefYuGufí zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefjyefvTwf&ef awmif;qdkcJhayonf/<br />

(c) a½G;aumufyGJrsm;- 1959-60 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

wifajr§muf&ef yxrtywf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk 1959 ckESpf pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k a½G;<br />

aumufyGJt&m½SdrS aMunmcJhonf/ 0ifa&mufta½G;cHvdkolrsm;\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk 1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (28) &ufaeY<br />

eHeuf (10) em&DrSpí (31) &ufaeY? nae (3) em&DrwdkifrD a½G;aumufyGJt&m½SdxH wifoGif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/<br />

Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;twGuf ,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol wOD;pDom½SdNyD;? 'k-Ouú|<br />

ae&mtwGuf avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (3) OD; ½SdcJhonf/ xdk,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef wifoGif;Muaom 'k-Ouú| ae&mt<br />

wGuf (3) OD; ½Sdonhfteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkYqE´tavQmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;Edkifaom pufwifbmv<br />

(1) &uf? nae (2) em&DwGif avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;oGm;cJhonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef; (3) ae&mpvHk;wGif ,SOfNydKifta½G;cHrnfholr½SdawmhaomaMumifh Ouú|<br />

udkvSwif? 'k-Ouú| udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG) ESifh aiGxdef; udkAaqGav; (bDat) wdkY a&G;cs,fjcif; cHcJh&onf/<br />

trIaqmif (6) OD;ae&mtwGuf wuo 'kwd,ywfa½G;aumufyGJudk a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdtjzpf udkvSwifu<br />

aqmif½Gufum 1959 ck pufwifbmv (10) &ufaeUwGif usif;yrnf[k aMunmcJhonf/ ,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef avQmufvTm<br />

wifoGif;Muolrsm; (14) a,muf½Sdonfhteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkY qE´tavQmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ojzifh<br />

usef½Sdol (12) a,mufESifh a½G;aumufyGJjyKvkyfcJh&m ,SOfNydKifolrsm; teuf udkndK0if;? udkjroef;? udkausmfvIdif(udkxGef;ausmf)?<br />

udkxGef;vIdifaz (udkwifarmifaqG)? udkudkMunfESifh udkatmif0if;wdkYrSm rJtrsm;qHk;&Muojzifh 1959-60 ckESpf wuo<br />

trIaqmiftjzpf ta½G;cHcJh&onf/<br />

(*) trIaqmiftzGJY- &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1959-60 \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;yGJudk<br />

1959 ck? pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcHtjzpf rcif<br />

cifapmESifh pmMunfhwdkuf yd#uwfwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkatmifodrf;EdkifwdkYtm; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufMuNyD; atmufygtrIaqmif<br />

tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

udkvSwif Ouú|<br />

udkpdef0if; 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkAaqGav; (bDat) aiGxdef;<br />

udkndK0if; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkjroef; wGJzuf-taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;ESifh jyefMum;a&;XmerSL;<br />

udkausmfvIdif EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkwifarmifaqG upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (ausmufbDvl; wifarmifaqG)<br />

udkudkMunf vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkatmif0if; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

rcifcifapm tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

udkatmifodrf;Edkif pmMunfhwdkufrSL;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(C) qyfaumfrwDrsm;- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcHwdkYudk ajymif;vJcefYtyf&ef (4) Budrfajrmuf<br />

trIaqmiftpnf;a0;wGif pOf;pm;í? tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcHjzpf udkatmifodrf;Edkiftm; ajymif;vJcefYtyfí rcifcifapmtm;<br />

pmMunfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf ajymif;vJcefYtyfcJhonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya't& zGJUpnf;&rnfh qyfaumf<br />

rwDrsm;ESifh vdktyfaomXmersm;twGuf qyfaumfrwDrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD<br />

udkatmifodrf;Edkif tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

udkAaqGav; (bDat) aiGxdef;<br />

udkxGm;pdef twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkoef;armif tvkyfrefae*sm<br />

udkvSa½T (aq;ausmif;) aumfrwD0if<br />

udkeE´ (jrefrmpm*kPfxl;) aumfrwD0if<br />

rcifcifapm (bDat-'DwD) aumfrwD0if<br />

pmMunfUwdkufaumfrwD<br />

rcifcifapm pmMunfhwdkufwm0efcH<br />

udkeef;a0 twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkAaqGav; (bDat) aiGxdef;<br />

udkoef;atmif (0dZÆmodyÜH-u) aumfrwD0if<br />

udkarmifudk (OypmodyÜH-c) aumfrwD0if<br />

udkMunfrif; (0dZÆmodyÜH-u) aumfrwD0if<br />

udkatmifoef; (0dZÆmodyÜH-u) aumfrwD0if<br />

ausmif;om;acsmifcsda&;aumfrwD<br />

udkatmif0if; wm0efcH<br />

udkpdef0if; (oHk;cG) wuo'k-Ouú|<br />

udkAaqGav; (bDat) aiGxdef;<br />

udkwifvIdif twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkjrifhaz (aq;ausmif;) aumfrwD0if<br />

udkav;&D (0dZÆmodyÜH-c) aumfrwD0if<br />

rpdefjrifh (0dZÆm-u) aumfrwD0if<br />

rtrmpef; (bDat-tD;'D) aumfrwD0if<br />

(i) tzGJYi,frsm;twGuf wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;- &efukefwuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDtwGuf wuo udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm;tjzpf atmufyg (5) OD;tm; a½G;cs,fcJhonf/<br />

udkwifarmifaqG upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;<br />

udkausmfvIdif wuotrIaqmif<br />

udkjroef; wuotrIaqmif<br />

udkbñGefY wuotrIaqmif<br />

udkwifñGefY wuotrIaqmif<br />

(p) trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rsm;- wuotrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;udk tBudrfaygif; (19) BudrfrQusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0<br />

r*¾Zif;wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm;twGuf (18) Budrfomjzpfonf/ trIaqmiftoD;oD; tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf<br />

Muaom tBudrfrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/<br />

udkvSwif- (17) Budrf? udkpdef0if;- (16) Budrf? udkAaqGav;- (11) Budrf? udkndK0if;- (18) Budrf?<br />

613

614<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

udkjroef;- (17) Budrf? udkausmfvIdif- (19) Budrf? udkwifarmifaqG- (13) Budrf? udkudkMunf- (17) Budrf?<br />

udkatmif0if;- (17) Budrf? rcifcifapm- (15) Budrf? udkatmifodrf;Edkif- (15) Budrf/<br />

(2)<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY0g'ESifU vkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1959-60 \ Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1959 ck? pufwif<br />

bmv (25) &ufaeY &efukefwuúodkvf? ,k'oefcef;raqmifwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhNyD; &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> 1959-60 \ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhonf/<br />

0g'<br />

1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;<br />

tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;?<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;<br />

qufqHa&;/<br />

vkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

1959-69 ckESpf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a,bk,s ausmif;om;xk vdktyfcsuftajccHrsm;udk csrSwfvdkufygonf/<br />

xdktajccHvkyfief;rsm;udk rlwnfí tao;pdwfvkyfief;csJUxGif vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/<br />

1/ ,aeYtcsdeftcgwGif 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; ½kyfodrf;cHae&onf/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; qHk;½IH;ae&onf/<br />

ausmif;om;xktygt0if jynfolvlxk\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;wdkufyGJudk wuotaeESifh qifETJwdkufyGJ<br />

0ifrnf/<br />

2/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;cH&NyD; qHk;½IH;vsuf½Sdonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumfrwDwGifvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; z,fxkwfjcif;cH&onf/ pepftrsKd;rsKd;? pnf;urf;trsKd;rsKd;<br />

udk ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ jyKvkyfvsuf½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ ausmif;aqmifrlopfudk twif;csrSwf<br />

vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ rvdkufemEdkifonfh pnf;urf;rsm; twif;tusyfvkyfcdkif;vsuf ½Sdonf/ xdktcsufrsm;rSm ausmif;om;<br />

tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm; wuouvkyf<br />

aqmifrnf/<br />

3/ ynma&;wDxGifcsuf a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

rdbjynfolwdkY\ jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYonf om;orD;rsm;jzpfaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;tcif;rsm;om<br />

jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdbjynfoltaygif;ESifhqdkifaom ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif wm0ef<br />

odpGmjzifh xrf;aqmifcJh&onf/ þjzpfpOfordkif;udk 1300 jynfh tvkyform;? v,form;? ausmif;om;wdkY\ ta&;awmfyHk<br />

BuD;u txift½Sm; oufaojycJhayonf/<br />

(u) yk'fr (5) ESifU vdyfaomifuRef; / / 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmv (28) &ufaeYwGif ygvDreftpnf;ta0; ac:,l<br />

um? 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek EkwfxGufNyD; AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if; acgif;aqmifaom tpdk;&tzGJUwufvmNyD;onfhaemuf Nidrf0yfjym;a&;<br />

yk'fr (5) ESifh ta&;ay:yk'frrsm;xkwfum ausmif;om;ESifhEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk zrf;qD;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh<br />

EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;udk udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf udkudk;uRef;rS jyefvnfac:,lNyD; tcsKdUudkom jyefvTwfNyD;<br />

tcsKdUudk qufvuf csKyfaESmifxm;onhfjyif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&onf xdkolrsm;tm; vdyfaomifuRef;odkY ydkYaqmif&ef<br />

jyifqifcJhjyefonf/<br />

þodkY tEÅ&m,frsm;vSaom vdyfaomifuRef;odkY ydkYaqmifjcif;onf oem;n§mwmrIuif;rJhpGm n§Of;yef;ESdyfpuf&m<br />

oma&mufojzifh ¤if;wdkYtm; vdyfaomifuRef;odkY rydkYaqmifyg&efESifh jyefvTwfyg&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;ae0if;xHodkY<br />

awmif;qdk arwåm&yfcHpmydkYcJhonf/<br />

(c) ygvDrefa½G;aumufyGJ rJay;a&; / / 1960 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonfh jynfolYvTwff<br />

awmf a½G;aumufyGJBuD;onf jrefrmjynfolwdkY\ tem*wfta&;udk qHk;jzwfapNyD;? aoa&;½Sifa&;wrQ ta&;BuD;vSaom<br />

a½G;aumufyGJ jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onfvnf; EdkifiHom;jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm rdrdwdkYydkifqdkifaom rJjzifh yg0ifqHk;<br />

jzwf&rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf a½G;aumufyGJwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;wGif tvm;tvm½Sdí ynma&;wGifvnf; jynfol<br />

vlxkw&yfvHk;u vufcHaom ynma&;pepfa&;qGJum ynma&;wDxGifvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk jyKjyifay;jcif;? ynma&;<br />

toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifygrnf[k twdtvif;uwday;olrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;Mu&ef wdkuf<br />

wGef;cJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfvyfpGmrJay;Edkifa&;twGuf avQmufvTmyHkpH (18-u) jzifh rdrdwdkY<br />

wuúodkvfrSom rJay;Edkifa&; pDpOfay;cJhonf/ avQmufvTmrsm;udkvnf; wuorS vnf;aumif;? c½dkiftoif;rsm;rSwqifh<br />

ydkrdkvG,fula&;twGuf wm0ef,lxkwfay;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif; aqmif½GufcJhonf/ odkYtwGuf e,frSausmif;ol? ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;onf rJqE´ay;jcif; jyKEdkifcJhonf/<br />

(*) wJtdrfa½TYajymif;aom &ufa½TYa&; / / &efukefjrLeDpDy,frS &efukefNrdKUtwGif;½Sd a½TUajymif;&ef usef½Sdaeao;aom<br />

&yf uGufrsm;rS wJtdrfrsm;udk 1960 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv (17) &ufaeUrS (19) &ufaeYtNyD; ajymif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhay<br />

onf/ xdktcsdefrSm aq;odyÜHausmif;om;ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;wdkY pmar;yGJajzqdkaecsdef jzpfNyD;?<br />

wuúodkvfESifh tpdk;&ausmif;rsm; pmar;yGJajzqdkcsdef eD;uyfaeojzifh xdk&yfuGufwGif aexdkifolrsm;\ tcuftcJrsm;<br />

ajyvnfa&;twGuf owfrSwfaom&ufrsm;wGif rajymif;a½TUapyJ pmar;yGJNyD;rSompDpOf&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

(4)<br />

ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifU aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

tpdk;&tzGJUonf jynfolvlxk tusKd;jyKjzpfap&efrSm jynfolvlxk udk,fydkifa½G;cs,fjcif;jzifhom &Edkifrnfjzpf<br />

onf/ 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& wufvmaom tpdk;&omvQif jynfolYtpdk;&jzpfayrnf/ ygvDref'Drdkua&pDenf; r[kwfbJ<br />

tpdk;& tmPmajymif;,lcJhojzifh AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&tm; wuorS uefYuGufcJhayonf/ wuorS BudKwifazmfjycJhonfh<br />

twdkif;yif jynfolvlxktwGif; zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;? Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm;tm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; ydwfyifcHcJh&onf/<br />

jynfolvlxk\om;orDrsm;jzpfaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;wGifvnf; &½Sdxm;onfhtcGifhta&;rsm; ydwfyifcH&jcif;?<br />

zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udkcHcJh&jcif;rsm; jyKcJhayonf/<br />

(u) ausmif;om;oHk;OD; ausmif;0ifcGifUy,fjcif; / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif wuoESifhwuG ausmif;om;xktm;<br />

zdESdyf&efMuHpnfaeMuonfrSm MumcJhNyDjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif wuo\ wGef;vSefumuG,fEdkifrIrsm;aMumifh twefaemufqkwf<br />

615

616<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

oGm;&mrS AdkvfcsKyftpdk;& wufvmcsdefwGif ajAmifzdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;yif jyKrlvmawmhonf/<br />

1959 ck? Mo*kwfv (31) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvf½Hk;rS ausmif;om; (3) OD;jzpfonfh wuoaiGxdef; udkA<br />

aqGav; (Oya'0dZÆmyxrESpf) ESifh wuotrIaqmifa[mif;rsm;jzpfMuaom udkÓPf&if (r[m0dZÆm-yxrESpf)? udkjrifhodef;<br />

(0dZÆmtaxGaxG*kPfxl;wef;-yxrESpf) wdkYtm; ausmif;0ifcGifhrS y,fzsufvdkufaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ þjzpf&yfwGif<br />

wuúodkvf\ tcGifhtmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaom ygarmu©csKyfudk,fwdkif rodvdkufaom jyKrlcsufjzpfaMumif; ygarmu©csKyfrS<br />

0efcHum ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh jyKcJhayonf/ þodkYjzpf&onfrSm oufqdkif&mXmerS ñTefMum;csufw&yfom jzpfaMumif;<br />

ygarmu©csKyf\ xkwfazmfajymjycsuft& tmPmydkifwdkYonf ygarmu©csKyfudkyif ausmfvGefum ½kyfysufqif;ysuf usL;ausmf<br />

zdESdyfvmjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

(c) atmufwdkbmausmif;aqmifaecGifU / / atmufwdkbm ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ESifh<br />

jyef&ef vrf;yef;c&D;cufcJaom ausmif;om;rsm;udkom taqmifaexdkifcGifh,lNyD; tr&ESifh &mrnaqmifrsm;wGifom<br />

taqmifaecGifh jyKrnfjzpfaMumif; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS aMunmcJhayonf/ xdkxkwfjyefaMunmcsufonf ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk ½kyfodrf;jcif;om jzpfonf/ tpOftvmrsm;udk qefYusifum ausmif;om;rsm; pmayavhvm<br />

jcif;udk taESmifht,Suf jzpfaponf/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufonf pmoifESpfukefqHk;í ausmif;ydwfjcif;r[kwf?<br />

acwåausmif;ydwfjcif;om jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifom;tm;vHk;wGif pmoifESpfrukefqHk;rcsif; ausmif;aqmif<br />

rsm;wGif aexdkifcGifh½SdaMumif;/<br />

ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS ,if;ausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmifaexdkifcGifhay;xm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;xHrS<br />

aiG 14d^- aumufcHjcif;onfvnf; vHk;0rw&m;ay/ ausmif;aqmifaexdkifoltm;vHk;onf atmufwdkbmvtwGuf<br />

aiGay;oGif;NyD;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmifom;wdkif; rdrdwdkY taqmifrsm;wGif<br />

tcrJhaexdkifcGifhonf rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkiftcGifhta&;om jzpfaMumif;/<br />

ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ jyKvkyfvmcsufrsm;onf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk csKd;zsufjcif;omjzpfNyD; ausmif;<br />

om;udk,fpm;vS,f rygonfh aumfrwDrS ausmif;om;qE´ESifhqefYusifpGm tmPm½Sifqefqef jyKrlvmcsufrsm;om jzpf<br />

aMumif;rsm;jzifh uefYuGufcJhonf/<br />

wuoESifhtoif;tzGJUrsm;rS uefYuGufawmif;qdkaecsdefwGif ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif wuúodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk<br />

xm;½SdrnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmvdkufjyefonf/ a½S;OD;pGm ausmif;aqmifrsm;jyif&eftwGuf[lí ajymNyD;aemufwGif wuúodkvf<br />

t&Hwyf&if;awmh xm;Edkifonfqdkonfh jyóem xyfqifhcJhjyefonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

onf ausmif;om;rsm; taqmifwGifraea&;om &nf½G,faom zdESdyfrIoufoufomjzpfaMumif; xif½Sm;ayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|\ tcGifhtmPmt& wuorS ausmif;om;xk<br />

tpnf;ta0;w&yfudk 1959 ck? pufwifbmv (23) &ufaeY? n (7) em&Dtcsdef wuocef;rwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

,if;pnf;a0;yGJrS atmufygtqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qHk;jzwfcJhonf/<br />

1/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; rdrdaexdkifonfh ausmif;aqmifwGif aexdkifcGifhrjyKbJ aiG 14d^ay;oGif;um<br />

tjcm;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ajymif;a½TUae&rnfqdkaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ qHk;jzwf<br />

csufudk uefYuGufaMumif;/<br />

2/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; wuúodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk ckwHk;vkyfí wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif ppftajc<br />

cHpcef;zGifhvmjcif;udk uefYuGufaMumif;/<br />

3/ þodkY zdEdSyfcsKyfcs,fvmjcif;udk ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJrS wqufwnf; wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif; vSnfhvnf<br />

í qE´jyuefYuGuf&ef/<br />

pufwifbmv (23) &ufaeYnwGif ausmif;om;xkqHk;jzwfcsuft& qE´jycJhMuayonf/ xdkudpöESifhywfoufí<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDrS wuotrIaqmifrsm;onf ausmif;pnf;urf;azmufzsufNyD; qlylonf[laom taMumif;jy<br />

csufjzifh ygarmu©csKyftm; (7) &uftwGif; awmif;yef&rnf? vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf[k qHk;jzwfaMunmcJhonf/<br />

xdkjyóemESifh ywfoufí wuotrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rS tav;teufpOf;pm;MuNyD;-<br />

1/ xdkta&;onf q&mausmif;om; at;aq;ausvnfpGm ajz½Sif;oifhaom jyóemw&yfom jzpfonf[k<br />

wuorS ,HkMunfonf/<br />

2/ xdkta&;aMumifh wuúodkvf\ at;csrf;om,mpGmwnf½Sda&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk rxdcdkuf<br />

ap&ef/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

3/ xdkta&;aMumifh q&mausmif;om; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;ESifh cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; ysufjym;roGm;ap&ef/<br />

4/ xdkta&;aMumifh rdbjynfolrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm; pdwfrcsrf;rom rjzpfap&efESifh pdwfcsrf;omrI&ap&ef<br />

[laom oabmxm;udk xkwfjyefaMunmum? atmufwdkbm (1) &ufaeYwGif trIaqmifrsm;onf ygarmu©<br />

csKyfxHoGm;a&mufí þodkYjzpfysuf&onfhudpöESifhywfoufí rsm;pGm0rf;enf;ygaMumif;jzifh ajymum ausat;<br />

cJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif wuúodkvft&Hwyf&if;udk xm;&eftpDtpOfvnf; ysufoGm;cJhonf/<br />

(*) atmufwdkbmv0ufxrif;zdk; / / atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;aqmifaeaom ausmif;ol^om;rsm; ausmif;<br />

aqmifrae&ojzifh ¤if;wdkYtm; taqmifrS xrif;rpm;aomaMumifh atmufwdkbmv0uf xrif;zdk;rsm;udk jyef xkwfay;&ef<br />

awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,if;awmif;qdkcsufaMumifhyif xrif;zdk; 21d^- 50 jym;udk taqmifaeausmif;ol^om; rsm;<br />

jyefvnf&½SdcJhMuonf/<br />

(C) ausmif;pnf;urf;jyóem / / ausmif;aqmifXmerS ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udkxkwfjyefcJh&m xdkpnf;urf;rsm;<br />

wGif ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufemEdkifonfhtcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

ausmif;pnf;urf;½SdrIudk vdkvm;onf/ ausmif;pnf;urf;½SdrIudk ausmif;om;ESifh q&myl;aygif;um ynmay;vkyfaqmif&ef<br />

vdktyfaMumif;rsm; wifjycJhonf/ pufwifbmv (8) &ufaeYwGif ygarmu©csKyfESifh wuotrIaqmifrsm; awGUqHkpOfu?<br />

ygarmu©csKyfrS ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;udk wdkifyifn§dEIdif;NyD;rS<br />

twnfjyKrnf[k ajymqdkcJhonf/<br />

xdkajymqdkcsufrsm;t& xkwfjyefxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;yg&efESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm;ESifh tajytvnfn§dEIdif;NyD;rS twnfjyKyg&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

(i) ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifU ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,fjyóem / / &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;aqmifta&;<br />

jyóemrsm;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyf&eftwGuf? wuúodkvfaumifpDvufatmufwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD½SdNyD; ,if;aumfrwDwGif<br />

wuo udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcJhayonf/ 1959 ck ausmif;zGifhpwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm; Ekwfy,fxm;cJhonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY tvSnfhus ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; wufa&muf&ef<br />

ausmif;aqmif (2) aqmifodkY aumfrwDu zdwfac:cJhonf/ wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS ,cift<br />

wdkif; wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftm; jyefvnfay;&ef awmif;qdkaepOfwGif xdkuJhodkYxyfrHjyKjyifjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkudk<br />

udk,fpm;jyK zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk todtrSwf rjyKvdkjcif;om jzpfonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD\ rlrrSefaom ausmif;aqmif (2) aqmifrS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; zdwfac:jcif;<br />

udk uefYuGufí wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS cefYtyfxm;aom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;udkom<br />

vufcH&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ckwGifrl wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

Ouú| wdkYudk vufcHxm;½Sdayonf/<br />

(p) aumifpDa½G;aumufyGJ / / 1959 ck? rwfv (2) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf nDvmcHrS<br />

&efukefwuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsufudk twnfjyKcJhavonf/ &efukefwuúodkvftufOya' jyifqif&eftwGuf<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHÓPfawmif;cHpOfu rygcJhaom ]wuo udk,fpm;vS,fvlBuD; (2) OD;tm; jzKwfypf&ef}<br />

jyifqifcsufudkvnf; txl;trdefYjyefwrf;xkwfum xnfhoGif;jyifqifcJhonf/<br />

xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;onf wuoonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwf[laom oabmouf<br />

a&mufNyD;vQif wuo\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyif&efjyKvkyfjcif;? ausmif;om;wdkif;<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifcGifhudk zsufodrf;í <strong>or*¾</strong>zGJU<br />

pnf;cGifhudk ydwfyif&ef jyKvkyfjcif;? wuúodkvfe,fajrudk EdkifiHa&;tzGJUrsm;,SOfNydKif&m ppfwvif;tjzpfodkY a&muf½Sd&ef<br />

jyKvkyfjcif; jzpfojzifh wuorS qE´jyuefYuGufcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; qE´jyuefYuGufonfhMum;rSyif wuúodkvftufOya'jyifqifcsufudk 1959 ck? rwfv (2)<br />

&ufaeYwGif usif;yaom jynfolUvTwfawmfnDvmcHrS vufcHtwnfjyKcJhonf/ wuoonf xdktufOya'jyifqifcsuf<br />

zsufodrf;a&;? wuo udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; &½Sda&;twGuf qufvufawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifrnfjzpf<br />

aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/<br />

617

618<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsuft& ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wuúodkvfaumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; a½G;aumuf<br />

yGJudk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k wuúodkvfaumifpDrS aMunmcJhonf/ wuo\qE´ESifh<br />

udkufnDrIr½Sdaomfvnf; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f trnfcHum ausmif;om;qE´twdkif; raqmif½Gufaom wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD; rjzpfap&efESifh ausmif;om;qE´rsm;udk wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wifjyEdkif&eftwGuf ausmif;om;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD; (2) OD;tm; wuoonf toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh n§dEIdif;a½G;cs,fum 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifap<br />

cJhonf/<br />

EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;odkYvnf; (1) wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif EdkifiHa&; ppfwvif;rjzpfa&;? (2) ausmif;om;<br />

tusKd; epfemcsufrsm;udk ausmif;om;xkqE´? ausmif;om;xktjriftwdkif; aqmif½GufEdkifa&;twGuf wuúodkvfaumifpD<br />

ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f a½G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifjcif; rjyK&ef arwåm&yfcHcJhayonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;wckjzpfaom oefY½Sif;zqyvrS 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif&ef jyifqifvmjcif;aMumifh?<br />

oefY½Sif;zqyv\ qE´t& wuoonf (3) Budrfwdkifwdkif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkodkY aqG;aEG;&mwGif oefY½Sif;<br />

zqyvESifh wuoonf (1) 'Drdkua&pDa&; aqmif½GufrIrsm;wGif wlnDcsufrsm;½Sdonf? (2) ynma&; oabmxm;rsm;wGif<br />

em;vnfrIrsm; ½SdcJhjcif;wdkYaMumifh? ,aeY wuúodkvfausmif;om;xk\ vdkvm;csufrsm;jzpfonfh ynma&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;<br />

y,fzsufay;a&;? ynma&;epfemcsufrsm;udk aumifpDwGif wifjyawmif;qdkay;a&; ponfh rl (2) csufudk vufcHNyD;<br />

EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonfh oefY½Sif;zqyv\ udk,fpm;vS,ftaeESifh r0ifbJ? wuo\a½G;cs,faom udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

tjzpf 0ifrnfqdkygu wuorS axmufcHay;rnf[k wifjycJhonf/<br />

odkYaomf oefY½Sif;zqyvtaeESifh vufrcHaomaMumifh wuoonf wuo\ aiGxdef;a[mif; OD;wDyD0rf;ESifh<br />

Ouú|a[mif; OD;armifarmifausmf wdkYtm; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a½G;aumufum oefY½Sif;zqyv udk,fpm;vS,f OD;0if;?<br />

OD;&m½SpfwdkYESifh ,SOfNydKifcJhonf/ wuoudk,HkMunfjcif;? ausmif;om;xk\ tpOftvmESifhopömudkcH,lí ausmif;om;tusKd;<br />

o,fydk;xrf;½Gufrnfh wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ,HkMunf&if;pGJ½Sdjcif;wdkYaMumifh wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u tEdkif&½SdcJh<br />

ayonf/ trdwuo\ *kPfodu©mudk pnf;vHk;nDñGwfjcif; t&nftaoG;jzifh wifay;vdkMuojzifh armfvNrdKif? ykodrf?<br />

ausmufjzLaumvdyf <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;rS nDñGwfpGm rJay;cJhMuonf/<br />

wuoonf aumifpDa½G;aumufyGJwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; tEdkif&cJhaomfvnf; wuoudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

aumifpDwGif yg0ifcGifh&½Sda&;rludkum; qufvuf udkifpGJjrJudkifpGJí wuúodkvf jyifqifcsuftufOya' y,fzsufa&;udk<br />

qufvufwdkufoGm;rnfom jzpfayonf/<br />

(q) tzrf;cHausmif;om;rsm;pmar;yGJajza&; / / AdkvfcsKyfae0if; tpdk;&onf Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;udk taMumif;jyum<br />

wuúodkvfESifhtxufwef;ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk yk'fr (5) jzifh zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcJhonf/ 1958-59 ckESpfwGif<br />

tzrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUrSm pmar;yGJajzcGifh avQmufaomfvnf; EdkifiHtpdk;&rS cGifhrjyKojzifh pmar;yJGajzqdkcGifh<br />

r&½Sdacs/ þodkY zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;aMumifh tzrf;cHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf txl;yifepfemcJh&onf/ odkYtwGuf 1959-<br />

60 ckESpf pmar;yGJwGif &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;t&? ajzqdkcGifhudk rdrdwdkY\ oufqdkif&maxmifwGif;rS ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef<br />

awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

odkY&mwGif zdEdSyfcsKyfcs,frIudkom jyKvdkaom tpdk;&onf wOD;wa,mufudkrQ ajzqdkcGifhrjyKaMumif; jyefMum;cJh<br />

ojzifh? vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh ynmoifMum;EdkifcGifhtcGifhta&; wm;qD;&ma&mufojzifh jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/<br />

(Z) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;aumufcHay;&ef / / 1954 ckESpfrSpí <strong>or*¾</strong>aMu;rsm;udk ausmif;0ifonfESifh wNydKifeuf<br />

wuúodkvfrS aumufcHay;cJhonf/ þodkYaumufcHay;cJhjcif;onf wuoudk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKjcif;yifjzpfonf/<br />

1959-60 ckESpfwGif ,cifuJhodkY aumufcHaeqJüyif wydkif;wp<strong>or*¾</strong>aMu;rsm; aumufcHjcif;udk &yfqdkif;xm;cJhonf/<br />

,ckESpf 1960-61 wGifvnf; raumufcHay;bJ xm;½SdcJhayonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>aMu;rsm;aumufcHrI &yfqdkifjcif;onf wuotm;<br />

w&m;0iftodtrSwfrjyKonfh oabmjzpf\/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlMuD;rsm;tm; y,fzsufjcif;? ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumfrwDrsm;tm; zsufodrf;jcif;jyKNyD;aemufwGif ,ckqufvufí <strong>or*¾</strong>udktodtrSwfrjyK&ef vkyfaqmifjcif;yifjzpfonf/<br />

jynfolvkxk\ 'Drdkua&pD tvm;tvm arQmfudk;csufjzifh tHk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(ps) 0&rf;xkwfcH&aomausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; / / AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tpdk;&tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;jcif;onf<br />

ygvDref'Drdkua&pDenf;t& ajymif;vJjcif;r[kwf? tmPmudkaoG;xGufoH,dkrIr½SdbJ twif;tusyfodrf;ydkufjcif; jzpfonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif;? jynfolvlxktwGif; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frItEÅ&m,frsm; usa&muf<br />

jcif;rsm;cHcJh&onf/ wuoOuú| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;? twGif;a&;rSL; udkatmifbef;wdkY zrf;qD;<br />

udkudk;uRef;ydkYcH&NyD;? Auo'k-Ouú|ESifh trIaqmifa[mif; udkjrifhOD;? tif;0aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; trIaqmif<br />

udkudef;aiG? wyfOD;trIaqmif udkudkBuD;ESifh ½Srf;trsKd;om; qdkif;EGefqdkif;? wuo'k-Ouú|a[mif; udkpD wdkYrSmvnf;<br />

zrf;qD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif wuo'k-Ouú| udkbaumif;? twGif;a&;rSL; udkcifatmif? trIaqmifa[mif;<br />

udk,kwdkY tjyif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkaZmf0if;wdkYtm; 0&rf;xkwfjcif; cHcJh&onf/ ,ckwdkifyif 0&rf;jzifhwdrf;a½Smifae<br />

&qJ jzpfayonf/<br />

jynfolwdkY\ 'Drdkua&pDarQmfudk;csufjzifh wufvmaom OD;Ektpkd;&vufxufwGif? wuo\ awGUqHkawmif;qdk<br />

csuft&? xdkausmif;om;acgif;aqmif;rsm; tzrf;cHygu oufn§mpGmpOf;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmvmcJhonf/ yxp<br />

tpdk;&onf 'Drdkua&pDa

620<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

EdkifiHwGif ESpfpOfusif;yaom pmar;yGJwdkif;vdkyif csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; jzpfay:cJhonf/ 1960 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (16) &uf<br />

aeYrSpí usif;yaom wuúodkvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJwGifvnf; csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; jzpfcJhjyefonf/ t*Fvdyfpmar;cGef; tcsKdUwGif<br />

pmrsufESm wzufryg½Sdjcif;? ar;cGef;trSwf (4) wGif bmomjyefyg (odkYr[kwf) tusOf;a&;yg[lí cGJr&Edkifaom rwd<br />

usaom ar;cGef;udkar;jcif;? ocFsmar;cGef;vTm (2) ü t*FvdyfbmomESifh jrefrmbmom *Pef; (2) rsKd; jzpfaejcif;?<br />

(7) yk'f ajzyg[lí jrefrmbmomwGif ryg0ifjcif; paomcsKdU,Gif;rIrsm; jzpfcJhonf/<br />

xdkbmomrsm;onf r,lrae&bmomBuD;rsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; twGuf BuD;rm;aom<br />

epfemcsufrsm; jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; repfemap&ef aqmif½Gufay;&efESifh xdkodkYaqmif½GufrIrsm;udk<br />

wuúodkvf0ifpmppfbkwftzGJUrS twdtvif; xkwfazmfaMunm&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

(C) ynma&;r[mXmeESifUaxmufyHUaMu; / / ,cifESpfrsm;u ynma&;r[mXmewGif axmufyHhaMu;,lol ausmif;<br />

ol? ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf 1969-60 ckESpf axmufyHhaMu;,lvdkaom ausmif;ol?<br />

ausmif;om; (300) cefY½Sdonfteuf (130) om ay;cJhonf/ aiGaMu;tusyftwnf;aMumifh ynma&;r[mXmewGif<br />

oif,laeMuaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tcsKdU axmufyHhaMu;r&rIaMumifh ynmqufvufoif,l&ef tcuftcJawGU<br />

ae&onf/ ausmif;vc ray;Mu&aom ,cifESpfrsm;uyif axmufyHhaMu;&vdkolwdkif;tm; ay;EdkifcJhao;&m ausmif;vc<br />

,laom 1959 ckESpfwGif ydkrdkíom ay;Edkifp&mjzpfonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf ynma&;r[mXmeESifh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;wdkY n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;um ¤if;wdkY oabmwlqHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

twdkif; ay;apoifhaMumif; awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

(i) jrefrm&mZ0ifoD;jcm;oifa&; / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif pmayoifMum; ydkYcsrIqdkif&mXmersm;teuf ta½SUwdkif;<br />

&mZ0ifXme[lí Xme½SdcJhonf/ ,if;Xmeudk ppfNyD;acwf 1951 ckESpfwGif &mZ0ifXmerS cGJxkwfum oD;jcm;Xmewcktjzpf<br />

wnfaxmifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ 1955 ckESpfwGif wzef ta½SUwdkif;&mZ0ifXmeü jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;bmomw&yftjzpf<br />

wdk;csJUum 0dZÆmwef;rsm;wGif oifMum;ydkYcscJhavonf/ 1959-60 ckESpfwGif jrefrm&mZ0if oifMum;olaygif; (800)<br />

ausmfxd wdk;wufrsm;jym;vmcJhonf/<br />

xdkodkY wdk;wufrsm;jym;aeaom jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;ydkYcsrIudk 1960-61 ckESpfrSpí &efukefwuúodkvfwGif<br />

oD;jcm;bmom&yftjzpf oifMum;jcif;rjyKawmhbJ zsufodrf;&ef &efukefwuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJUrS qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ odkYt<br />

wGuf toif;tzGJUrsm;? owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh aqmif;yg;½Sifrsm;rS uefYuGufa&;om; azmfxkwfvmcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh<br />

vnf; &efukefwuúodkvfrS ajz½Sif;csufwckxkwfjyefcJhonf/ jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;jcif;udk zsufodrf;jcif;r[kwf? ta½SU<br />

wdkif;&mZ0ifXmerS wdk;csJUum jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;bmom w&yftaejzifh oifMum;&mrS q&mrvkHavmufí jrefrm<br />

&mZ0ifowfowf (odkYr[kwf) ta½SUzsm;&mZ0ifowfowf wckckudkom oifMum;jcif;jyK&ef qHk;jzwfjcif;jzpfaMumif;<br />

azmfjycJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfrS ajz½Sif;csuf? ygarmu©csKyf\ ajymMum;csufwdkYudk avhvmygu q&mrvHkavmufí [laom<br />

taMumif;jycsufom ½Sdayonf/ wuúodkvfwGif q&mrvHkavmufjcif;rSm jrefrm&mZ0ifXme wckwnf;omr[kwf?<br />

bmom&yftrsm;tjym;wGif rvHkravmufjzpfaeonfrSm txift½Sm; jzpfaeonf/ q&mrvHkavmufíom bmom&yfrsm;<br />

oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;udk &yfqdkif;&rnfqdkvQif wuúodkvfüoifMum;ydkYcsEdkifonfh bmom&yftenf;i,fom usef½Sdrnfjzpfonf/<br />

jrefrm&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;bmom&yftjzpf oifMum;ydkYcsEdkif&ef q&mr½Sdqdkjcif;rSmvnf; rrSefay/ jrefrm&mZ0if<br />

jzifh &mZ0ifbmomwGif a'gufwmbGJU&cJhaom q&m? q&mrrsm; wuúodkvfwGif½Sdayonf/ xdkYjyif jrefrm&mZ0ifudk<br />

½SmrDS;pkaqmif;cJhaom q&mrsm;vnf; wuúodkvfü ½Sdaeayonf/ ,if;q&mrsm;u jrefrm&mZ0ifudk wuúodkvfü oifMum;<br />

ydkYcsay;Edkifygonf[lí ajymqdkaeygvsuf q&mrvHkavmuf q&mr½Sd[k taMumif;jyaejcif;rSm rsm;pGmoHo,jzpfzG,f<br />

½Sdaeayonf/<br />

wzef jrefrm&mZ0ifoifMum;jcif;udk zsufodrf;onfr[kwf? jrefrm&mZ0ifowfowf (odkYr[kwf) ta½SUzsm;<br />

&mZ0ifowfowf (odkYr[kwf) ta½SUwdkif;&mZ0ifESifh jrefrm&mZ0ifaygif;um wckckudk a½G;cs,foifMum;&ef qdkjcif;rSmvnf;<br />

jynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;xktm; vSnfhpm;rIjyKonfh oabmomjzpfonf/<br />

wuúodkvfwGif jrefrmbmomudk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmomtjzpf jy|mef;csufESifhywfoufí wuúodkvftmPmydkif<br />

rsm;wGif rBudKufESpfoufoltcsKdU ½Sdayonf/ xdkolrsm;onf t*FvdyfbmomoifMum;rIr@dKif bmom&yftjzpf xm;vdkol<br />

rsm; jzpfayonf/ jrefrmbmom oifMum;rIr@dKifjzpfonfudk zsufqD;vdkolrsm;vnf; jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGuf ¤if;wdkYonf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

t*FvdyfESifhjrefrmbmom&yf (2) ckpvHk;uddk oifMum;rIr@dKifbmom&yftjzpf owfrSwfum wpwpzsufodrf;&ef &nf½G,f<br />

vsuf ½Sdayonf/<br />

tcsKdUaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm &efukefwuúodkvfudk t*FvefrSvnf;aumif;? tar&duefrSvnf;aumif; yHkwlul;csvdkay<br />

onf/ jrefrmtrsKd;om;wuúodkvftpm; EdkifiHjcm;yHkwlwuúodkvfjzpfcJhvQif jrefrmEdkifiHtusKd;udk xrf;½GufEdkifaom<br />

wuúodkvf jzpfvmrnf r[kwfay/ jrefrmESifht*FvefwdkY &yfwnfyHkudk rEIdif;,SOfbJ BudK;pm;jcif;onf? jrefrmtrsKd;om;<br />

a&;udk qefYusifonfh oabm½SdaeaMumif; xif½Sm;aeonf/<br />

wdkif;jynfwdkif;rS &mZ0ifudk tav;xm;oifMum;&mwGif rdrdwdkYtrsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmudk xdef;odrf;<br />

jcif;? wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsKd; wnfwHhatmif jyKrljcif; tajccHjzpfay&m jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jrefrm&mZ0ifonf oifudkoifoifhaom<br />

bmom&yfjzpfonf/ wuúodkvfwm0efcH wa,mufajymif;wdkif; rdrdwdkYqE´tavQmuf bmom&yfrsm; wdk;jcif;? zsufjcif;<br />

jyKaevQif wuúodkvf\ tem*wfonf &ifav;zG,f jzpfayonf/<br />

jrefrm&mZ0if oD;jcm;oifMum;jcif;rS rcdkifvHkaomtaMumif;jycsufjzifh &yfqdkif;xm;jcif;onf jrefrmwrsKd;om;<br />

vHk;tm; *,uf½dkufcwfvsuf ½Sdayonf/ wuoonf aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uf arv (17) &ufwGif EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;<br />

rsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm;? oHCmawmft½Sifjrwfrsm;odkY zdwfMum;um jrefrm&mZ0ifoD;jcm;oifa&;ESifh aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ<br />

jyKvkyfay;a&;udk ½Sif;vif;wifjycJhonf/ jynfaxmifpkoHCmhtzGJUcsKyfESifh wdkufe,foHCmrsm; tzGJUtpnf;udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

rsm;rS tMuHay;aqG;aEG;Muayonf/ ,if;jyóemtwGuf wuoonf ygarmu©q&mrsm;tm; vdkufvHawGUqHkum<br />

wifjyjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;rsm;jzifhvnf; BudK;pm;cJhayonf/<br />

wuorS tBudrfBudrf wifjyawmif;qdkonfhMum;rS EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrS jrefrm&mZ0if oD;jcm;oifMum;<br />

a&;tjyif jrefrm&mZ0if acgif;pD;vufatmufwGifom ta½SUzsm;&mZ0ifudk oD;jcm;oif&ef qD;edwfodkY tMuHay;cJhonf/<br />

þonfudk qD;edwfrS vdkufavQmjcif; r½Sdjyefojzifh aemufqHk; aumifpDrS q&mudkac:,l&½SdvQif jyefvnfí oD;jcm;oif&ef<br />

[laom qHk;jzwfcsufcsum xm;½Sdaom tajctaeodkY a&mufvmcJh&ayonf/<br />

(p) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ / / 1960 ck ynmoifESpftpwGif? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDrS &efukef<br />

wuúodkvfwGif tajymif;tvJ jyifqifcsufrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifcsuf? ausmif;vcaumufcH<br />

jcif;? (2) cgus pepfusifhoHk;jcif;? pnf;rsOf;opfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;? pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;rsm; yg0ifayonf/<br />

pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvfwGif 1960 ckESpfrS pNyD; ZGefv aemufqufwGJ<br />

pmar;yGJrsm;zsufodrf;í pmar;yGJwckwnf; usif;y&efjyifqifvmonfh pepfopfjzpfonf/ wuoonf 1958 ck? Mo<br />

*kwfvwGif usif;yaom jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;rS csrSwfonfh ]trsm;BudKuf<br />

ynma&;pepfrsm;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ zefwD;NyD;aomtcg pmar;yGJrsm;udk wESpfwBudrfppfaompepfodkh ajymif;oifUaMumif;}<br />

oabmxm;udk axmufcHcJhonf/ odkYaomf ,cktajctaewGif trsm;BudKuftajctaeESifh udkufnDaom ynma&;pepf<br />

tjzpf zefwD;aomtajctaeodkY ra&mufao;acs/<br />

ynma&;ESifhywfoufí pepfopfwck zefwD;rnfqdkygu xdkpepfESifhudkufnDaom tajctaeudk BudKwifzefwD;<br />

NyD;rSom pepfopfudkusifhoHk;oifhonf[k wuorS ,lqonf/ 1959-60 ckESpf pmoifESpfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;\<br />

ynmoifMum;rI tajctaeonf pmar;yGJpepfopfESifh udkufnDjcif;? vdkufemEdkifjcif; tajctaer½Sdao;[k ,lqonf/<br />

odkYaomf 1959 ck ESpfOD;rSyif ZGefvaemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJzsufodrf;NyD; pmar;yGJwckwnf;om ppfaq;rnf[k<br />

aMunmxm;onhftwGuf ydkrdkBudK;pmcJhMuonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;cGef;vTm tcuftcJrsm;? usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;rIrsm;aMumifh<br />

pmar;yGJajzqdk&mwGif tcuftcJrsm;½SdcJhonf/ xdktcsdefuyif 1960 ckESpftwGuf aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJw&yf ppfaq;&ef<br />

aumifpDESifh qD;edwfwdkYodkY arwåm&yfcHonf/<br />

1960 ckESpf wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwGif (65) &mcdkifEIef;pepf? tywfpOf enf;jyoifwef;rsm;? tprf;pmar;yGJrsm;udk<br />

jyKvkyfrI½SdNyD; tenf;qHk;trSwf (34) ESifh ysrf;rQtrSwf (40) udk tatmifay;rnfaMunmjcif;? ,cifESpfrsm;u pmar;yGJ<br />

(2) ckaygif; &mcdkifEIef;xuf ,ckpmar;yGJwckwnf;onf rrsm;aomfvnf; odyfenf;rnf r[kwfaMumif;yif ajymcJhjcif;rsm;<br />

wdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;u arQmfvifhrI? tm;xm;rI ½SdcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf pmar;yGJatmifpm&if;rSm ,cifpmar;yGJwck\<br />

&mcdkifEIef;xufyif ausmfvGefjcif;r½Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; vGefpGmepfem&NyD; wzufwGif<br />

(2) cguspepfESifh &ifqdkif&jyefonf/ þonfudk wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfodkY yefMum;jcif;? awGUqHkjcif;jzifh<br />

tjynfhtpHk wifjy½Sif;vif;cJhonf/ wuúodkvft"dywdrSvnf; aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;ya&;udk ZGefv (29) &uf<br />

qD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyay;rnf[k jyefMum;cJhonf/<br />

621

622<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1960 ck? ZGefv (29) &ufaeYonf &efukefwuúodkvf armifr,fopfvGifaeYjzpfonf/ wuúodkvft"dywdonf<br />

xdktcrf;tem;odkY wufa&mufcg rdefYcGef;ajymMum;rnf jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf wuorS ausmif;om;xkESifh t"dywd\<br />

vmjcif;udk aumif;aomvmjcif;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKum BudKqdk&if; ausmif;om;xk\ aemufqufwGJ&a&;udk qE´jyum<br />

0dkif;0ef;arwåm&yfcHyGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

1960 ck? ZGefv (29) &ufaeY nwGif wuúodkvfqD;edwf tpnf;ta0;usif;yum wuúodkvf aemufqufwGJ<br />

pmar;yGJusif;y ray;EdkifaMumif; qHk;jzwfNyD;vQif xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; ½kwfjcnf;tHk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

odkYtwGuf wuorS awmif;qdkcJhonfhjyif wuo\ ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frSvnf; ZGefv (29) &uf<br />

wuúodkvfqD;edwftzGJUodkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ck aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif trSwfrjynfhaom bmomudkom<br />

ajzcGifh&aomfvnf; rludkum; vufcHjcif;r½Sdao;acs/<br />

(6)<br />

obiftcrf;tem;rsm;<br />

(u) usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1960-61 \ Ouú| usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ<br />

udk 1959 ck? pufwifbmv (25) &ufaeY? aeYvnf (12) em&DwdwdwGif &efukefwuúodkvf ,k'oefcef;rü usif;ycJhonf/<br />

usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;? xif½Sm;aomyk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm; wufa&muf<br />

Muonf/<br />

1958-59 ckESpf wuoOuú|a[mif; udkcifarmiftkef;rSm udkudk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&aomaMumifh wuo Ouú|<br />

a[mif;ESifh EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; OD;Eku wdkifay;um Ouú|opf udkvSwif usrf;opömusdefqdkcJhonf/<br />

tcrf;tem;wGif txl;{nfhonfawmftjzpf AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm? yxrqHk; wuoOuú| OD;ausmfcif<br />

wdkYrS rdefYcGef;toD;oD; csD;jr§ifhMuonf/ wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfudk aMunmcJhonf/<br />

xdkusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJtwGuf tpOftvmt& ausmif;aeY0uf ydwfay;aeusudk ygarmu©csKyfrS ydwfray;jcif;?<br />

ygarmu©csKyfESifh q&mrsm; rwufa&mufMujcif;onf 0rf;enf;p&mjzpfonf/<br />

(c) urÇmUausmif;om;aeh / / Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYudk urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> (I.U.S) rS ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

aeY[k owfrSwfum ESpfpOfusif;ycJhonf/ jrefrmjynfwGif urÇmYausmif;om;aeYudk 1954 ckESpfrSpí usif;ycJhonf/<br />

,ckESpf wGifvnf; Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif wuojrufcif;jyifwGif usif;ycJhonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;aeY rwdkifrD<br />

tBudKaeY rSpí jrefrmausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI "gwfyHkwdkYudk vnf;aumif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yef;csDausmfBuD;rsm;\<br />

yef;csDum;trsKd;rsKd;udk vnf;aumif;? wuo pmMunfhcef;rwGif jyocJhonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> ordkif;pmapmifudk<br />

a0í wuooufom acsmifcsda&; pma&;puúL? pmtdwf ponfrsm;udkvnf; a&mif;cscJhonf/ EdkifiHjcm;rS ynmvma&muf<br />

oif,laeMuaom vlrsKd;jcm;ausmif;om;rsm;rS rdefYcGef;toD;oD; ajymMuonf/

624<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

onf/ wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaom ta&;rsm;ESifhywfoufí jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; wnf<br />

aqmufa&; yefMum;csufxkwf&efESifh EdkifiHwuma&;&moabmxm;ESifh aqmif½Guf&eftMuHay;csufrsm;udk jy|mef;EdkifcJhonf/<br />

(i) Adkvfatmifausmfaeh / / (21) Mudrfajrmuf AdkvfausmfaeY tcrf;tem;udk 1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeY<br />

wGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;wGJum Adkvfatmifausmf\ ocFsKdif;*lwGifpk½Hk;oGm;a&muf yef;acGrsm;csí t"d|mef<br />

pmwrf;zwfMum;í t"d|mefjyKcJhonf/<br />

(p) [,f&Dwefaeh / / pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf [,f&DwefaeYudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifyl;wGJum 1960<br />

ck? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> (3) ckrS trIaqmifrsm; pka0;NyD; [,f&Dweftkwf*l½Sd MuHawmokóef<br />

odkY vGrf;olYyef;acG oGm;a&mufcsum t"d|mefpmwrf; zwfMum;cJhonf/<br />

(q) trIaqmifrsm;tzrf;cH&aomESpfvnfaeh / / 1959 ck? {NyDv (3) &ufaeYwGif vufeufudkifwyfom; (200)<br />

ausmfwdkYonf wuo taqmuftODudk 0dkif;0ef;um wuoOuú| udkcifarmiftkef;? twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmif<br />

bef;wdkYudk zrf;qD;cJhMuonf/ wuotrIaqmif wOD;jzpfaom udkzdk;omab;tm;vnf; ¤if;\aetdrfwGif zrf;qD;jcif;<br />

jyKcJhonf/ wcsdefwnf;wGif wuo 'k-Ouú| udkbaumif;? wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkcifatmif? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

udkaZmf0if;wdkYrSm wdrf;a½SmifíaecJh&onf/ zrf;qD;cH&aomausmif;om;rsm;rSm udkudk;uRef;odkY tydkYcH&onf/ xdktzrf;cH<br />

&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;? txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm; vTwf&efESifh 0&rf;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0&rf;½kyfodrf;&ef wESpfajrmufaeYwGif awmif;qdkcJhonf/ xdkaeYwGif ydkpwmrsm;uyfjcif;? 0rf;enf;aom<br />

txdrf;trSwftjzpf tvHeufrsm; vTifhxljcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

(Z) udkvdkeDpepf qefhusifa&;aeh / / {NyDv (24) &ufaeYonf EdkifiHwumvli,fausmif;om;rsm;\ udkvdkeD<br />

pepfqefYusifa&;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;aeY jzpfonf/ 1955 ck? {NyDv (24) &ufaeYwGif tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf<br />

befa'gif;NrKdUwGif tif'dkeD;½Sm;? tdE´d,? oD[dkVf? w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH? jrefrmEdkifiH (5) EdkifiHrS OD;aqmifí tm½Stmz&duwdkif;jynfrsm;<br />

yg0ifonfh befa'gif;nDvmcHudk usif;ycJhMuonf/ xdknDvmcHrS udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;ESifh<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;udk csrSwfcJhayonf/<br />

xdkaeYwGif wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? jynfolUvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYESifh yl;wGJum udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;?<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGm,SOfwGJaexdkifa&; atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0if&ef aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

(ps) tmZmenfaeh / / 1960 ck? Zlvdkifv (19) &ufonf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhwuG trsKd;om;acgif;<br />

aqmifBuD;rsm; usqHk;onhf (13) ESpfajrmufaeY jzpfonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; AdokumBuD;rsm;<br />

tm; owd&OD;ñGwfonfhtaeESifh wuo? Auo? &uoESifh wef;cGJwef;cswdkufyGJaumfrwDrsm; yl;aygif;um tmZmenf<br />

AdrmefodkY csDwuftav;jyKum wdkifwnfyGJ usif;ycJhMuonf/<br />

(n) udkudk;uRef;jyefrsm;*kPfjyKyGJ / / 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmvwGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm; oefY½Sif;zqyvrS<br />

tmPm vTJajymif;ay;pOfu wuoonf tjyif;txef uefYuGufqE´jycJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif wuotm; EdkifiHa&;<br />

tmCmwrsm;xm;um 1959 ck? {NyDv (5) &ufaeYwGif wuoOuú| udkcifarmiftkef;? trIaqmif udkzdk;omab;ESifh<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif; udkatmifbef;wdkYtm; zrf;qD;í udkudk;uRef;odkY ydkYaqmifcJhayonf/ (13) vausmfrQ tcsKyf<br />

taESmifcH&NyD; 1960 ck? arv (14) &ufaeYwGif jyefvnfvGwfvmcJhayonf/ rSefuefaom wdkufyGJrsm;? vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;<br />

udk axmufcHum tcdkiftrmjyK&if; vli,fESifhausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; *kPfjyK&efvdkayonf/<br />

odkYtwGuf 1960 ck? arv (21) &ufaeYwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm;udk zdwfMum;í wuo?<br />

AouESifh jynfolYvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYrS BuD;rSL;um *kPfjyKyGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(7)<br />

taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;<br />

1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (7) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvf "gwkaA'Xme ygarmu©q&mOD;bdk;omonf uG,fvGef<br />

tedpöa&mufcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif (35) ESpfMumrQ trIxrf;cJhaom ynm½Sifq&mwOD; uG,fvGefoGm;jcif;udk<br />

wuorS0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmí wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifhtwl ydkYaqmifcJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJudk ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS ESpfpOfusif;ycJhMuonf/ xdkodkY usif;y<br />

&mwGif wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDrS aiGESifh tjcm;tultnDrsm; ay;jrJjzpfí odkYjzpfjcif;aMumifh 1959-60 ckESpf<br />

ajy;ckefupm;yGJtwGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDrS aiG (2000) usyf xkwfay;&ef taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/ odkYaomf r&cJhyg/<br />

1959 ck? 'DZifbmv (18) &ufwGif usif;ycJhaom &efukefwuúodkvf bGJUESif;obiftcrf;tem;wGif wuúodkvf<br />

t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfae0if;\ rdefYcGef;tm; wuorS BudKqdkcJhonf/ rdefYcGef;wGif ]q&m? ausmif;om;<br />

jyóemudk Oyrmjyí b,fudpörqdk jyifyya,m*r0if&if q&mESifUausmif;om; n§dEIdif;ajz½Sif;vdkh&aMumif;}? ynma&;<br />

pepfESifhywfoufí ]vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&efvdktyfaMumif;? acwfESifU&ifabmifwef;Edkifaom ynma&;<br />

pDrHudef;rsm;vdkaMumif;} jzifh ajymqdkcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhwuorS BudKqdkaxmufcHjcif; jyKcJhonf/<br />

1959-60 ckESpf pmar;yGJrsm; ajzqdk&awmhrnfhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; pmMunfhEdkif&ef wuo tpnf;ta0;<br />

cef;rtm; eHeufcif;rS n (12) em&Dxd zGifhvSpfí Zefe0g&D (26) &ufaeYrS pwifcGifhjyKcJhonf/ pmMunfhEdkifa&;twGuf<br />

tpDtpOfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyfay;cJhonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf? yif;,aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; trIaqmif? <strong>or*¾</strong>0if udk0if;armifonf azazmf0g&D<br />

v (22) &ufaeYnu uG,fvGeftedpö a&mufcJhjcif;? ynma&;XmerS aeYausmif;olwOD;jzpfol rwifwifat; (bDattD;'D)<br />

yxrESpfonf 1960 ck? rwfv (6) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufcJhjcif;? oxHkausmif;aqmif 0dZÆmodyÜH (u)<br />

wef; ausmif;om; udkcspf0dwfonf 1960 ck? {NyDv (2) &ufwGif uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufjcif;wdkYudk wuorS tokb<br />

ydkYaqmifcJhonf/<br />

1960 ckESpf? Zlvvdkif (7) &ufaeY t*Fvefjynf? udef;b&pfNrdKUwGif ygarmu©q&mBuD; zmeDA,f uG,fvGef<br />

tedpö a&mufoGm;cJhonf/ q&mBuD;onf jrefrmjynfwGif 1902 ckESpfrSpí tdkifpDtufpfb0ESifh trIxrf;cJhNyD; e,fcsJUacwf<br />

vGwfvyfa&;acwf wavQmufvHk;ESifh uG,fvGefonfhaeYtxd jrefrmjynf\ okawoevkyfief;rsm;udk tpOfwpdkufvkyfcJhol<br />

jzpf\/ xdkYtwGuf wuorS q&mBuD;uG,fvGefojzifh rsm;pGm0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/<br />

rEÅav;aqmifwGif tpm;taomufrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; rl;a0atmhtefum "gwfavQmukefMu\/<br />

odkYtwGuf ausmif;aqmift&m½SdrSwqifh ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY xdkufoifhovdk ta&;,laqmif½Gufyg&ef taMumif;<br />

Mum;cJhonf/<br />

(8)<br />

Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;<br />

(u) jyefMum;a&;Xme / / wuo owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerS tcgtm;avsmfpGm owif;vTmrsm; xkwfa0<br />

cJhonf/ wuo\vkyfief;rsm;? oabmxm;rsm;? owif;rsm;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;xkodkY rjywfjzefYcsdcJhonf/<br />

wBudrfvQif apmifa& (2000) cefY½dkufí xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1960-61 ckESpf armifr,fopfvGif tBudKowif;vTm<br />

xkwfa0cJhonf/<br />

(c) oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme / / wuo oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS zGifhvSpfxm;aomqdkifudk 1959-60 ck<br />

ESpfpwGif wdk;csJUvkyfudkifjcif; jyKcJhonf/ wuúodkvfor0g,r? tif;0pmtkyfwdkufESifh tquftoG,frsm;,lum pmtdwf?<br />

pma&; puúLESifh pmtkyfrsm;omru qyfjym? riftdk;? oGm;wdkufaq;? tvSukeftcsKdUudk wdk;csJUa&mif;cscJhonf/ yvyfpwpf<br />

ypönf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufívnf; rSwfyHkwifuwfrsm;udk a&mif;csEdkifcJhonf/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;odkYvnf; oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS jzefYcsdum wifydkYpDpOfEdkifcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif 1959 ck ukefqHk;csdef<br />

ydkif;rsm;wGifum; ypönf;½Sm;yg;rI? aiGaMu;tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh qdkifydwfxm;cJh&ayonf/<br />

(*) vlxkqufqHa&;Xme / / wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xmeonf wuovkyfief;ESifh a&mpyfvsuf½Sdonf<br />

omrsm;ayonf/ jrefrmwdkY\ pmayavmu*kPfjyKjcif; txdrf;trSwfjzpfaom pmqdkawmfaeYudk ewfawmfvqef; (1)<br />

625

626<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;yjrJ jzpfayonf/ pmqdkawmfaeY\ tBudKaeYjzpfaom 1959 ck? Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufaeYnwGif<br />

uavmiftoif;? pme,fZif;toif;wdkYESifh wuowdkY yl;aygif;um wuo taqmuftODwGif pmqdkynm½Sifrsm;jzpfaom<br />

OD;at;armif? OD;azarmifwif? OD;odef;[ef? rif;ok0PfwdkYtm; uefawmhylaZmfyGJjyKvkyfum vli,fpma&;q&mrsm;\<br />

a[majymyGJrsm;udk jyKvkyfcJhonf/<br />

(C) upm;ckefpm;ESifU,Ofaus;rIXme / / wuo upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmeonf wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

\ tm;upm;avmu tqifhtwef;jrifha&;twGuf wuúodkvfq&mrsm\ vspfvsL½Ijcif;cHae&aom wuúodkvftm;<br />

upm;avmu zGHUNzdK;ap&ef ulnDtm;ay;cJhonf/ jyify tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm;wGif yg0if,SOfNydKifaom wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;<br />

toif;tzGJUESifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; txl;tm;ay;cJhMuonf/<br />

wuúodkvfESpfywfvnf ajy;ckefupm;yGJ ydkrdkpnfum;a&;twGuf yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1959 ckESpf 'DZifbm<br />

vwGif ,dk;',m;jynf? befaumufNrdKUü usif;yaom ta½SUawmiftm½Srdom;pk tdkvHypfNydKifyGJtwGuf a½G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom<br />

wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;orm; (17) OD;tm; *kPfjyKyGJjzpfajrmuf&ef BudK;pm;aqmif½Gufí atmifjrifcJhayonf/<br />

1959 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif tdE´d,jynf? tm*&mNrdKUü usif;yjyKvkyfaom wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk<br />

ajy;ckefupm;yGJodkY &efukefwuúodkvfrS xl;cRefaom tm;upm;orm;rsm; yg0if,SOfNydKifEdkifa&;twGuf wuúodkvftm;upm;<br />

aumifpDrSwqifh ygarmu©csKyfxHodkY awmif;qdkay;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; &efukefwuúodkvfrS tm;upm;orm; (8)<br />

OD; yg0if,SOfNydKifcGifh &½SdcJhayonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; ½Sm;yg;onfhtwGuf EdkifiHjcm;wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;<br />

pmtkyfrsm; vSL'gef;Edkif&ef pmjzifha&;om; tultnDawmif;cJhonf/ tcsKdUw0uf&½SdcJhonf/<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> 'k-Ouú| rpöwmtbl*pf'g&D\ a,bk,sowif;ay;csuft& 1961 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv<br />

wGif blvfa*;&D;,m;jynf? qdkzD,mNrdKUü usif;yrnfjzpfaom urÇmYwuúodkvfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJwGif &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

rS xl;cRefaom tm;upm;orm;rsm; yg0if,SOfNydKifEdkifa&;udk wuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif wifjy&m rltm;jzifh<br />

vufcHvdkufNyD; jzpfonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif q&m (5) OD;ESifh wuo ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;yg0ifcJh&m<br />

EdkifiHjcm;rS enf;jyq&m awmif;,la&;udk upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwGif wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xdkYtwGuf tar&duefjynf<br />

zl;(vf)b½dkufpDrHudef;rS bwfpuwfabm? abmfvDabm? wif;epfESifh a&ul;wdkYtwGuf enf;jyq&m rpöwm'pfabmif;0g;<br />

ESifh ZeD;wdkY rMumrDu a&muf½SdvmcJhayonf/<br />

wuúodkvftav;r tm;upm;½HkBuD;wGif upm;ol vlOD;a&ESifh rnDrQvmonfwdkYudk awGU½Sdí taqmuftODopf<br />

wdk;csJUa&;udk awmif;qdkay;cJh&m &½SdcJhayonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf wBudrfwcgrQ avhvmqefppfjcif; rjyKvkyfcJhbl;aom &efukefwuúodkvf tm;upm;avmu<br />

ppfwrf;wapmifudk a&;om;í wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDodkY wifoGif;EdkifcJhonf/ b@maiG tcuftcJ½SdrlaMumifh<br />

wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckef;upm;yGJ rjyKvkyfEdkifcJh/ tm;upm;owif;pOf pmapmifrsm; rxkwfEdkifcJhay/<br />

wuúodkvf tm;upm;toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJw&yfudkvnf; Mo*kwfv wwd,ywftwGif;<br />

jyKvkyf&ef pDpOfxm;onf/<br />

1959 ckESpf? 'DZifbmvwGif jyKvkyfaom rEÅav;wuúodkvf aiG&wkobifyGJodkY udk,fpm;vS,f vTwfjcif;?<br />

wuo\ pDrHuGyfuJrIjzifh jyZmwfyg0ifujy EdkifcJhjcif;rsm;jzifh ulnDcJhonf/<br />

(i) tdk;a0r*¾Zif;Xme / / tdk;a0r*¾Zif;onf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

yGJrsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuo<br />

\ *kPfodu©monf urÇmYwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif xif½Sm;ay:vGifcJhonf/ EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;avmuwGif xif½Sm;onfh<br />

tzGJYtpnf;rsm;jzpfonfh (IUS/ Cosec) ESpfckpvHk;ESifh wuoonf qufoG,fcJhonf/ qufoG,f&mwGif tajccHESpfcsuf<br />

ay:wGif rlwnfNyD; qufoG,fcJhonf/<br />

1/ EdkifiHwum ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; wnfaqmufa&;ESifh tvkyfwlyl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;/<br />

2/ e,fcsJUqefYusifwdkufzsufa&;ESifh urÇmNidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufa&; ponfwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

yÍörtBudrfajrmuf urÇmausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf uGef*&ufNyD;ajrmufNyD; aemufydkif;umvwGif ta½SUawmifydkif;<br />

½Sd ausmif;om;vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh wuoonf qufoG,frIwGif txl;wdk;wuf aumif;rGefvmcJhonf/<br />

awmiftmz&duwdkuf½Sd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ vljzLvlrJcGJjcm;csuf wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? tJvf*sD;&D;,m;½Sd<br />

ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ? awmifudk&D;,m; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ qpfref&D;<br />

zufqpftmPm½Siftpdk;& wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? wl&uD½Sd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ ref;ZD;zufqpftmPm½Siftpdk;&<br />

wdkufzsufa&;wdkufyGJ? *syef½Sd ausmif;om;vli,frsm;\ tar&duef wynfh tvdkawmf&d uD½Sd tpdk;&zsufa&;? *syefjynftm;<br />

uRefjyKvkyfrnfh *syef-tar&duef ppfajyNidrf;a&;pmcsKyf zsufodrf;a&;ESifh [dkuf'½dk*sif-tEkjrLAHk; rprf;oyfrazmufcGJa&;?<br />

vHk;0ydwfyifa&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkufyGJwdkYudk wuorS axmufcHcJhonf/<br />

wuoonf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwGif wcrf;wem; atmifjrifpGmusif;yjyK<br />

vkyfEdkifcJhonf/ "gwfyHkjyyGJ? yef;csDjyyGJrsm;tjyif

628<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYESifh trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeY jyyGJjyKvkyf&mwGif wm0ef,laqmif½Gufay;aom yef;csD<br />

q&m OD;eef;a0tm;vnf;aumif;? "gwfyHkjyyGJwGif "gwfyHkrsm;pkaqmif;pdkufxkwfay;aom [Hom0wD owif;pmrS OD;a½Tarmif<br />

tm;vnf;aumif;? rEÅav;aiG&wkobifodkY uyGJtultnDay;&mwGif wm0efcHulnDay;aom vli,f'g½dkufwm wuúodkvf<br />

jrwfav;tm;vnf;aumif;? w,fvDzHk;aMu;ray;qyfEdkifojzifh jyefvnfwyfqifay;&efBudK;pm;&mü aiG (100) vSLay;<br />

aom EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ektm;vnf;aumif;? aiG (100) vSLay;aom wuoxrif;qdkifrS a':MunfMunftm;vnf;<br />

aumif;? tdk;a0r*¾Zif; xkwfEdkifa&;twGuf rwnfaiGvSL'gef;yg0ifMuaom trIaqmifa[mif;rsm;? t&m½SdBuD;rsm;?<br />

ukefonfrsm;? owif;pmwdkufrsm;tm;vnf;aumif; wuorS txl;aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/<br />

(10)<br />

ed*Hk;<br />

&Jabmfwdkh-<br />

1959-60 <strong>or*¾</strong>oufwef;onf? ql;ajimifhcvkwfrsm;jzifh jynfhvQrf;aeaom tMurf;wrf;qHk;c&D; jzpfonf/<br />

wjynfvHk;wGif 'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;um? jynfolw&yfvHk;rSm tylvHk;

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

OD;vSwif<br />

(1959-60)<br />

u&ifjynfe,f? bm;tHNrKdUwGif arG;zGm;onf/ 1955-56 ckwGif armfvNrKdifOypmaumvdyfwGif ynmqnf;yl;í<br />

1957-58 wGif &efukefwuúodkvfü qufvuf ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1958-59ckwGif wuotrIaqmiftzGJUü<br />

tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&í 1959-60 ckwGif wuoOuú|jzpfonf/ Ouú|opf usrf;opöm<br />

usdefqdkyGJwGif xdkpOfu oefY½Sif;zqyv Ouú|jzpfol ,ckEdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku opömqdkay;onf/<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; arSmifuscsdefü wuoonf tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&onf/ wuo\ tcGifhta&;rsm;<br />

½kyfodrf;cH&onf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDonf <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;rsm; aumufcHay;&mrS &yfqdkif;ypfcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifaecGifh pnf;urf;udk jyifqifum ae&mcsxm;rI ajymif;vJrIrsm;aMumifh ausmif;om;qE´jyyGJrsm;<br />

ay:cJhonf/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;aqmifaecGifhESifh ywfoufí rD;wkwfudkif<br />

qE´jyyGJrsm;jzpfcJhonf/ wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u awmif;yef&rnf[k tusyfudkifjcif;cHcJh&onf/<br />

wuúodkvf tufOya'jyifqifcsuft& ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f wuúodkvfaumifpD vlBuD; (2) OD;udk ausmif;om;<br />

xk rJqE´jzifha½G;cs,f&m wuorS wifoGif;aom udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; a½G;cs,fcH&onf/<br />

wuúodkvfwGif pmayoifMum;ydkYcs&mü bmom&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufí ajymif;vJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJh\/ jrefrm&mZ0ifudk<br />

bmomw&yftjzpf oifMum;ae&mrS &yfqdkif;ypfojzifh ausmif;om;jynfolrsm;u uefYuGufMuonf/ wuúodkvf<br />

aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;ya&;twGuf BuD;rm;aom ausmif;om;xkqE´jyrIBuD;rsm; ay:aygufcJhonf/ ygarmu©<br />

csKyftdrfudk 0dkif;í ta&;qdkjcif;rsm; jzpfcJhonf/ wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Eku jrefrm&mZ0ifudk<br />

qufvufoifMum;apjcif;? aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJusif;y&ef wdkufwGef;qHk;jzwfjcif;rsm; jyKcJhonf/ aemufqufwGJ<br />

pmar;yGJrsm;udk pufwifbmvwGif usif;yay;cJhonf/<br />

udkvSwifonf wuúodkvfü qufvufynm qnf;yl;qJjzpf\/<br />

udkpdef0if;<br />

629<br />

Ä (wzufpmrsufESmrS)<br />

(oHk;cG)- 1959-60 ck wuo ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmonf wuoordkif;wGif txl;jcm;qHk; tjynfhpHkqHk;xJrS wckjzpfonf/<br />

1971 ck? arvrS ZGefvtxd uRef;pepfzsufodrf;a&; tpmiwfcHqE´jywdkufyJGwGif wdkufyJG0ifcJhJNyD;? uRef;pepfysufNyD; tif;pdef<br />

(wJGzufaxmif) odkY olYtm; vlemxrf;pOfjzifho,fum uRef;wdkufü tusOf;csxm;cJhonf/ uRef;wdkufyJG aemufxyf<br />

ESpf&ufoHk;&ufqufygu udkpdef0if;yg aoqHk;oGm;Edkifonf/ ¤if;'Pfrsm;aMumifh aoqHk;csdeftxd usef;rma&;csKdU,Gif;cJh&onf/<br />

aemufqHk;tBudrf axmifxJa&muf awmhvnf; ¤if;'Pfrsm;aMumifhyif uG,fvGefcJhonf/ (OD;vSaz rSwfcsuf- jirf;? udkpdef0if;oHk;cG?<br />

pm- 12? trSwfpOf- 4? ar 2000/ w,fvDzkef;ar;jref;csuf)<br />

1988 ck? pufwifbmv ppfwyftmPmodrf;tNyD; e,fpyfodkYxGuftvm rlvusef;rma&; csKdU,Gif;aom'PfaMumifh vrf;c&D;<br />

zifhaES;aeNyD; ajcaxmufwGif'Pf&m&um e0w\ zrf;qD;jcif;cH&onf/ 1990 'DZifbmwGif tonf;toefaeraumif;<br />

jzpfí 1991 Zefe0g&Dvqef;wGif tif;pdefaxmifaq;½HkodkY wifvdkuf&onf/ 1991 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (10) &ufaeYwGif<br />

axmifaq;½HkwGif uG,fvGefonf/ (tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm;? {&m0wDpmtkyfwdkuf? 1999? pm-18/ atatyDyD)

630<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1959- 1960)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

rcifcifapm udkAaqGav; udkvSwif udkpdef0if; udkndK0if;<br />

(pmMunfhwdkufrSL;) (aiGxdef;) (Ouú|) ('k-Ouú|) (twGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkjroef; udkudkMunf udkatmif0if; udkwifarmifaqG udkausmfvIdif udkatmifodrf;Edkif<br />

(wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) (vlxkqufoG,fa&;) (oufomacsmifcsda&;) (,Ofaus;rIESifhupm;ckefpm;) (EdkifiHjcm;a&;) (tdk;a0wm0efcH)<br />

ygy,m; em½dkif;em; OD;uHodef; udkbay: udkvSausmf<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> - tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD (1959-1960)<br />

rcifcifat; (trIaqmif) udkAaqGav; (aiGxdef;) udkatmifodrf;Edkif (tdk;a0wm0efcH) udkxGm;pdef (twGif;a&;rSL;)<br />

udkoef;armif (trIaqmif) udkeE´ (trIaqmif) udkvSa½T (trIaqmif)<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

AdkvfcsKyfBuD; tpdk;&acwf wuo (17) vc&D; ("gwfyHku@)<br />

rSwfcsuf- tdk;a0r*¾Zif;rS jznfhpGufazmfjyonf/<br />

631

632<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

633

634<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

635

636<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

(Ouú| udkvSwif rdefhcGef;ajymaepOf)<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

637

638<br />

(yHk- ¤if;a½G;yJGwGif oefh½Sif;zqyv udk,fpm;vS,f½IH;ojzifh oefY½Sif;<br />

rdom;pk ½IH;yJGBuD;[k ydkpwma&;í vSnfUvnfvmMupOf)<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

(0J- Ouú|opf udkvSwif)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

udkatmifodrf;Edkif - vufrSwfxdk;xm;ol tdk;a0wm0efcH udkatmifodrf;Edkifonf AuyodkY awmcdkoGm;cJhNyD; vlxka':trmom;tBuD; udkpdk;0if;ESifh<br />

twl jzKwf? xkwf? owf- ao'Pfay;ta&;,lcH&onf/<br />

639

640<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1959 rS 1960 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif<br />

641

642<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tcef; (23)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY<br />

trsKd;om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1960 rS 1961)<br />

(u) 1960-61 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

udkwifat; Ouú|<br />

udkwifarmif 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkeE´ (0dZÆm-*kPfxl;) aiGxdef;<br />

udkAaqGav; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkapmarmif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerSL;<br />

udkxGef;Munf EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkrif;axG; upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;<br />

udkvSMunf vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkombef; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

udkvSa½T tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

udkjrodef; pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

(c) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (1960-61) Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ<br />

Ouú|opfudkwifat;rdefhcGef; (1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv 17 &uf)<br />

{nfUonfawmfvlBuD;rif;rsm;? q&m^q&mrrsm;? &Jabmfausmif;ol^om;rsm;cifAsm;-<br />

(31) ESpfajrmuf wuoOuú|tjzpf uRefawmfhudk wm0efay;MuwJhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om *kPf,lrdygw,f/<br />

ay;tyfwJhwm0efudkvnf; xrf;aqmifyghr,fvdkY usrf;opömusdefqdkNyD;ygNyD/<br />

ausmif;om;xku ,Hk,HkMunfMunf ay;tyfwJh ausmif;om;wm0efrsm;eJY rdbjynfolrsm;uay;tyfwJh trsKd;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

om;a&; wm0efrsm;udk wuo&JUordkif;pOfrSm ydkrdkxGef;ajymifa&;twGuf uRefawmfeJY uRefawmfhtrIaqmiftzGJU[m<br />

ajc okwfykqdk;? a>rpG,fusKd;rQ xrf;aqmifyghr,fqdkwm uwday;yg&ap/<br />

uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU&JU oabmxm;rsm;udk rajymMum;rD wuo&JUordkif;pOfrSm tMurf;wrf;qHk;vdkY<br />

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644<br />

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645

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racsiHaom pum;rsm; ajymqdkcJhayonf/ xdktcsufrsm;udk wuotaejzifh tav;teuf uefYuGufcJhayonf/<br />

,aeY ygarmu©csKyf a½G;cs,f&ef aumifpDtpnf;ta0; usif;yaomtcgwGifvnf; wuoESifh wuúodkvf<br />

toif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u OD;aqmifí oifhawmfaom aumif;rGefoludkom ygarmu©csKyfa½G;cs,fa&;? tqifrajyol?<br />

racsiHoludk ygarmu©csKyftjzpf ra½G;cs,fa&;? wuúodkvftmPm vkyfMuHrIwm;qD;a&;wdkYtwGuf aumifpDtpnf;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ta0;udk 0dkif;í qE´jyMuayonf/<br />

,aeYaumifpDyGJwGif 0ifa&mufavQmufvTmwifol (3) OD;teuf a'gufwmomvS (17) rJ? a'gufwmarmif<br />

armifc (1) rJ? a'gufwmxGef;oif (0) rJ wdkYjzifh a'gufwmomvStm; ygarmu©csKyftjzpf aumifpDu a½G;cs,fcJhay<br />

onf/<br />

ygarmu©csKyftjzpf a½G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom a'gufwmomvSonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpOftvmtm;jzifh<br />

qufqHa&; rajyjypfoljzpfonf/ ay:aygufcJhaom ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qefYusifzufjzpf<br />

cJhjcif;rsm; ½SdcJhayonf/ wuotaeESifhum; &efukefwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf a½G;cs,f&mwGif ynma&;wdk;wufa&;?<br />

wuúodkvfom,ma&;? Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;twGuf aqmif½GufEdkifcJhNyD; qufqHa&;aumif;rGefí tusifhodu©m<br />

rGefjrwfol ygarmu©csKyf jzpfapvdkayonf/<br />

&Jabmfausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh-<br />

,ck ygarmu©csKyftopfum; a½G;cs,fNyD;oGm;NyD jzpfayonf/ wuotaeESifhum; wuúodkvfwGif rvdk<br />

vm;tyfaom jyóemrsm; ray:aygufa&;? wdkif;jynfynma&; wdk;wufa&;? wuúodkvfom,m wdk;wufa&;?<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf qufvufBudK;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfayonf/ wdkif;jynf\ynma&; wdk;wufa&;?<br />

tem*wfwuúodkvf wdk;wufom,ma&;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;rsm;twGuf qefYusifvmvQif ausmif;om;<br />

xk a½SUwef;rS qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; aMunmvdkufygonf/<br />

wuúodkvftmPmvkyfMuHrItwGuf qufvufwm;qD;Mu<br />

ausmifom;tcGifUta&; umuG,fMu<br />

ausmif;om;xk nDñGwfMu<br />

aehpJG-28? 1? 61 trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

(*-4) ref;aq;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfaq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS-<br />

1/ (4) cgusESifh ausmif;xGufcJh&aom ausmif;om; (39) a,muftm; jyefvnfvufcHyg&ef<br />

2/ (4) cgusNyD;rsm; pmar;yGJaemufxyf (2) Budrf ajzqdkcGifh&½Sdyg&efESifh<br />

3/ pmar;yGJppfcsdefrsm; ajymif;ay;yg&ef<br />

-ponfh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ynma&;bkwftzGJUodkY ay;ydkYcJhonf/<br />

ynma&;bkwftzGJUrS tcsKdUudk vdkufavsmí (4) cgus ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jyefvnfvufcHum aemufxyf<br />

pmar;yGJ (1) Budrf ajzcGifhay;rnf/ pmar;yGJppfrnfh tcsdefrsm;udk ,cifvESifh ZGefvtpm; ,ckrwfvESifh pufwifbmvrsm;ü<br />

ppfaq;ay;rnf[k ygarmu©rsm;tzGJUu twnfjyKvdkufonf/<br />

(*-5) [oFmwausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI<br />

[oFmwNrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ trIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;yGJw&yfudk Zlvdkifv (10) &ufaeY? aeYvnf<br />

(12) em&D [oFmwNrdKU? igrsufESmbk&m;0if;twGif;½Sd ig;uefavomZ&yfwGif usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;ü Ouú|<br />

udkwifaiGu obmywdtjzpf vnf;aumif;? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf udkaomif;u vnf;aumif; aqmif½GufMuonf/<br />

tpnf;ta0;wGif obmywdu rdefYcGef;ajymMum;NyD;aemuf NrdKUay:½Sdvrf;rsm;wGif ydkpwmrsm;uyfí wdkufyGJ<br />

0if&ef? ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ epfemrIrsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhausmif;om;xk vufwGJwdkufyGJ0if&ef? &yfuGuf<br />

tvdkuf a[majymyGJrsm; jyKvkyf&efwdkYudk wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf ]aemufqufwGJ atmifpm&if; tjrefxkwfay;? wef;cGJwef;cs tjref&yfqdkif;ypf? OD;bdkwdk ausmif;om;<br />

xkudk rvSnfUpm;ESifU? ynma&;0efBuD;OD;at;armif razmufjyefESifU? bD½SDxHk;ESvHk;rlavmU? <strong>or*¾</strong>w&m;0if&yfwnfcGifUay;}<br />

ponfh a

648<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(*-6) ref;ausmif;om;rsm;vIyf½Sm;rI<br />

1961ck Mo*kwfv (15) &uf? eHeuf (7) em&DrS pwifí rEÅav;c½dkifAuorS OD;pD;NyD; em&Daygif; (60)<br />

tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJudk rEÅav; taemufawmifusKH;axmifhwGif usif;y&m ausmif;om; (600) ausmfyg0if tpmiwfcHqE´jy<br />

Muonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf (2) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf &yfqdkif;ypf? wef;cGJwef;cs &yfqdkif;ypf? trsKd;om;ynma&;<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;? ausmif;om;ta&; ygvDrefwGifqHk;jzwfay;yg? at;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf tpmiwfcH<br />

qE´jyygonf [laom ydkpwmrsm;axmifí tpmiwfcHqE´jyMuonf/<br />

(*-7) wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&; ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJ<br />

wuúodkvfwef;cGJwef;cspepf 'PfudkrcH&yfEdkifwJhtwGuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf wef;cGJwef;cs&yfqdkif;ypfa&;<br />

aumfrwDudkZGefv<br />

(15) &ufaeY &efukefwuúodkvf <strong>or*¾</strong>cef;raqmifrSm &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>u a½SUaqmifí<br />

zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfuvnf; NrdKUe,ftvdkuf c½dkifwdkufyGJaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;í qE´jycJhMuonf/ qE´jy<br />

rIrsm; us,fjyefYvmí EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u owif;pmuGefz&ifhwGif (15) &ufeJY (1) vtMum;rSm aMunmEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY<br />

ynma&;0efBuD;u ajzMum;oGm;&onf/ xdkYaemuf 30? 7? 61 wGif 0efBuD;csKyfu owif;pmuGefz&ifhwGif aMunmcsuf<br />

xkwfjyef&mü-<br />

1/ 1960-61 ckESpfrSm wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk &yfqdkif;ypfvdkufonf/ pepfa[mif;twdkif; vkyfrnf/ wuúodkvf<br />

pmar;yGJ rvkyfbl;/ ynma&;Xme vkyfrnf/<br />

2/ 1962 ckESpfupNyD; wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk jyefusifUoHk;rnf/<br />

3/ 1961 ckESpfupNyD; owÅrwef;pmar;yGJudk tpdk;&ppf rjyKvkyfawmUbJ ausmif;ppfom usif;yjyKvkyfrnf/<br />

pojzifh vdkufavsmcJhonf/<br />

(*-8) udkvdkeDpHepfqefhusifa&;aehvIyf½Sm;rI<br />

21? 2? 61 &ufaeYwGif vli,fausmif;om;? trsKd;orD;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u OD;aqmifaom udkvdkeDpepfqefYusif<br />

a&;ESifh e,fcsJUusL;ausmfrI uefYuGufqE´jyyGJ usif;ycJhonf/ xdkqE´jyyGJESifhywfoufí yxptpdk;&u tMurf;zufESdrfESif;NyD;<br />

taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum vlaygif;rsm;pGm zrf;qD;cJhonf/<br />

xdkYodkY zrf;qD;xm;aomolrsm;udk vTwf&ef udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;aeY vli,fausmif;om;? trsKd;orD; yl;wGJ<br />

aumfrwD (wuoaqmuftODu) awmif;qdkcJhavonf/<br />

(C) &efukefwuúodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

( 1960 - 61 )<br />

1960-61 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvf vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfudk zGJUpnf;í u@opfw&yf zGifhvSpfEdkifcJh<br />

onf/ vlrsKd;pkordkif;rSm armfuGef;wifcJhonf/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk; wnDwñGwfwnf; pkaygif;NyD; vlrsKd;pkrsm;<br />

&JU ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIeJY trsKd;om;a&;udk yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&ef MuH½G,fcJhMuonf/<br />

obmywdtzGYJ0ifrsm;<br />

1/ pdkif;cGef;tHkwdkif (½Srf;)<br />

2/ udkapmarmif (&cdkif)<br />

3/ rif;axG;vHk;ausmf (rGef)<br />

4/ puGef;vGif (u&if)<br />

5/ *Gef*sef (ucsif)<br />

6/ udkaz0if; (u,m;)<br />

7/ pDcdkifrif; (csif;)<br />

trIaqmifrsm;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1/ rif;pdk;jrifh (rGef) 'k-Ouú|<br />

2/ apmatrdk;vdk (u&if)Ä taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

3/ *sKd½I0g; (ucsif) wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

4/ ,l*sif;odkuf (½Srf;) b@ma&;rSL; (Dr. Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe)<br />

5/ udkausmf&if (&cdkif) pm&if;ppf<br />

6/ udkAsm;&,f (u,m;)? jyefMum;a&;ESifh0g'jzefYcsda&;<br />

7/ udkatmifausmf (u,m;)<br />

8/ tifwdkeDñGefYtkwf (csif;) ynma&;rSL;<br />

0g'<br />

1/ rnfonfhtpnf;t½Hk;? rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ vufatmufcH MoZmrjzpf&/<br />

2/ vkyfief;pOftm;jzifhjzpfap? &nf½G,fcsuftm;jzifhjzpfap wlnDaom rnfonfhtoif;tzGJUESifhrqdk yl;wGJvkyf<br />

aqmif&rnf/<br />

3/ ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rIESifh trsKd;om;a&;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&rnf/<br />

&nf½G,fcsuf<br />

1/ vlrsKd;pk ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;? em;vnfrI&½Sda&;? pnf;vkH;a&;ESifh twlwuG<br />

ylaygif;vkyfaqmifa&;?<br />

2/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifzvS,fa&;?<br />

3/ vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ wef;wlnDrQa&;ESifh vGwfvyfa&;pdwf"gwfudk azmfxkwfjr§ifhwifay;a&;?<br />

4/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk &,lxdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;/<br />

jyifqifa&;aumfrwD Ouú| apmatrdk;vdkrdefhcGef;<br />

(vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;tzGJYcsKyf wnfaxmifjcif;ESifUrdwfqHktcrf;tem;)<br />

650<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

uaeNyD; rSefuef½dk;om;pGm ay:aygufvm&wJh tzGJUcsKyfjzpfaMumif; uRefawmf &J0HhpGm0efcH&Jygw,f/ 'Dvdk jrifhjrwfaom<br />

&nf½G,fcsuf0g'eJY awmifhwif;cdkifrmwJh nDñGwfa&;tiftm;awGaMumifh b,favmuf tiftm;BuD;rm;wJh tzsuform;rsm;<br />

&JU rkefwdkif;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;eJY &ifqdkif&apumrl b,ftcgrS rNydKuGJrysufqD;Edkifygbl;qdkwm uRefawmf tav;teuf<br />

,HkMunfygw,f/ vlYordkif;wavQmufudk qef;ppfvdkY½Sd&if ausmufacwfupNyD; ,ckuRefawmfwdkY&JU odyÜH acwfwdkifatmif<br />

tqifhqifhwdk;wufajymif;vJvmwJh acwfBuD;jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkacwfBuD;rSm uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m woD;wjcm;? bmod<br />

bmom &yfwnfaevdkY rjzpfawmhbl;qdkwm od&ygvdrfhr,f/<br />

wdk;wufaewJh acwfeJYtnD uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pktm;vHk; &yfwnfEdkifa&;eJY wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;a&;udk a½SU½INyD;<br />

'DtzGJUcsKyfudk wnfaxmifcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 'DuaeY vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;&JU rGefjrwfoefYpifwJh &nf½G,fcsuf<br />

rsm;udk nDñGwfpGm vkyfaqmifoGm;MuzdkY 'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk wnfaxmifEdkifcJhjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmordkif;udk wenf;wzHk<br />

jznfhpGufa&;om;vdkufwmeJY wlygvdrfhr,f/<br />

'gwifru vlrsKd;pk&JUu@udkvnf; ydkrdkxGef;ajymif awmufyvmEdkifr,fqdkwm rvGJraoGygyJ/<br />

{nfUonfawmfrsm;eJh cspfvSpGmaom vlrsKd;pkausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkhqufvufNyD;<br />

'DtzGJUcsKyfBuD[m uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pk&JUordkif;rSm b,favmuf ta&;ygt&ma&mufvmr,fh<br />

tzGJUcsKyfBuD;jzpfaMumif;udk ½Sif;jyyg&ap/ uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiH[m aemifawmfArmrsm;eJY twl ½Srf;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;?<br />

csif;? &cdkif? rGef pwJh vlrsKd;rsm;tygt0if aygif;pkaexdkifMuwJh jynfaxmifpkBuD; jzpfygw,f/ twdwfumvudk jyefvnf<br />

qef;ppfvdkuf&if uRefawmfwdkY azmfjycJhwJh vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;awG[m oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifacwfrSmyJ jzpfjzpf? NAdwdoQe,f<br />

csJUorm;eJY zufqpf*syefacwfrSmyJ jzpfjzpf? tifrwef pufqkyfbG,faumif;wJh uRefb0udk qufwdkuf tvl;tvSdrfhcHpm;cJh<br />

Mu&ygw,f/<br />

'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pkawG[m e,fcsJUvufatmufu vGwfajrmufvdkNyD; udk,fhMur®m<br />

udk,fzefwD;vdkwJh pdwf"gwfawG rMuHKzl;atmif wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmcJhMu&if; vHk;0vGwfvyfa&;twGuf wnDwñGwf<br />

wnf; pkaygif;wdkufyGJ0ifvmcJhMuygw,f/ 'DvdkeJYyJ 1947 ckESpfrSm vlrsKd;pkeJYpkaygif;NyD; vGwfvyfa&;&,lzdkYtwGuf yif<br />

vHkpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'DpmcsKyfrSm t"du EdkifiHxlaxmifcGifU? udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifUrsm; &½SdcHpm;apzdkh twdtvif;<br />

xnfUoGif;cJUMuygw,f/<br />

'gayrJh 1948 ckESpf vGwfvyfwJh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf aMunmNyD;wJhaemuf tckxufwdkif uRefawmfwdkY<br />

vlrsKd;pkawG[m yifvHkpmcsKyfrSm oabmwlxnfhoGif;cJhwJh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wif;jynfhusyfjynfh rcHpm;&bJ epfemqHk;½IH;<br />

ae&wm awGU&ygw,f/ 'gxufydkqdk;wmu uRefawmfwdkYvlrsKd;pkawG[m EdkifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;? pD;yGm;a&;t&vnf;<br />

aumif;? ynma&;eJY ,Ofaus;rIt&vnf;aumif; tppt&m&m zdESdyfcs,fvS,frI'Pf cHae&ygw,f/ 'DzdESdyfcs,fvS,frI<br />

awG[m t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUacwfu xufawmif ydkrdk&ufpuf qdk;0g;ygao;w,f/ tcsKyftm;jzifh ajym&r,fqdk&if vlrsKd;pkrsm;<br />

teuf ,ckvuf½Sd vlrsKd;pkjynfe,fawG[m Armjynfr&JU yPÖmquf udkvdkeDEdkifiHav;rsm;b0 usa&mufaeygw,f/<br />

{nfUonfawmftaygif;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;ol^om;rsm;cifAsm;uRefawmf<br />

tckwifjycJhwJh tajctaersm;&JU awmif;qdkcsuft& 'DuaeYwnfaxmifwJh &efukefwuúodkvfvlrsKd;pk<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;udk arG;xkwfay;vdkuf&jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DaeY[m uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;pkausmif;<br />

om;rsm; &mZ0ifrSm armfuGef;wif&pfrJh aeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD; jzpfw,fqdkwm uRefawmftcdkiftrm ,HkMunfygw,f/<br />

'DaeY uRefawmfwdkY&JU 0rf;enf;aMuuGJbG,f&m aumif;vSwJhb0udkvnf; wifjyvdkao;w,f/ 'DuaeY uRefawmf<br />

wdkY&JU pD;yGm;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI? ynma&;eJY vlrItaqmufttHkrsm;[m NydKvJysufpD;csif;rvS ysufpD;usqif;jcif;cHae&<br />

w,fqdkwm b,folvm jiif;EdkifyghrvJ/<br />

'gawG[m acwfwacwf&JU azsmufzsufvdkYr&wJh urÁnf;ausmufpmawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'DuaeY uRefawmfwdkYtzdkY<br />

rSm 'Drdkua&pDt*Fg&yfrsm;jzpfwJh vGwfvyfrItcGifhta&; wef;wlrIawG[mvnf; pmtkyfBuD;xJrSmom½SdNyD; vufawGUrSm<br />

taumiftxnf½Smr&ovdk jzpfaeygw,f/ ,aeY vlrsKd;pknDi,f? nDri,frsm;&JU aemifa&;udk pOf;pm;Munfh&if txl;yif<br />

&ifav;p&m aumif;vSygw,f/<br />

uRefawmf txufygwifjycJhovdkyJ 'DuaeY uRefawmfwdkYwawG&JU ,Ofaus;rI? pmay? ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;<br />

tcGifhta&; ponfrsm;tm;vHk;[m ,drf;,dkifNydKvJaewm txift½Sm; awGUcJh&ygNyD/ 'Dvdk,drf;,dkifNydKvJaerIudk jyefvnf<br />

ysKd;axmifzdkY[m uRefawmfwdkY &efukefwuúodkvfrSm½SdwJh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;&JU vufxJrSm vHk;0wnf½Sdaew,fvdkY<br />

,HkMunfrdw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh 'DaeY uRefawmfwdkYtzGJUcsKyf&JU a0iSxm;wJh0g'eJY&nf½G,fcsufawG yg½SdwJhtwdkif; tcsif;csif;<br />

cspfcif&if;ESD;rI ydkrdkwdk;wufa&;? ,Ofaus;rI? ynma&;eJY trsKd;om;a&;rsm;udk uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m vufwGJNyD; pkaygif;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aqmif½GufMu&ef oHEdé|mef tcdkiftrmcsMuygpdkY/ uRefawmfwdkYwawG[m aemifwacwfwdkif;jynfeJY trsKd;om; wm0efrsm;udk<br />

&mZ0ifuay;tyfovdk rSefuef&J0HhpGmxrf;aqmifzdkY rarhaysmuf&ef pGJjrJpGmrSwfxm;MuzdkY txl; vdktyfygw,f/<br />

{nfUonfawmftaygif;eJh b0wlvlrsKd;pkausmif;ol^om;rsm;cifAsm;uRefawmfwdkY<br />

tckvdk wnfaxmifcJhwJh tzGJUcsKyf[m vlrsKd;pk? vlrsKd;pkvdkY wzGzGa

652<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

'gEdkifiH? beful;Am;NrdKUwGif uG,fvGefcJhonf/ (½Srf;oHawmfqifh? UNLD Press, Various Website)<br />

OD;vSaz - ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; pwifzJGYpnf;prS pí vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,fwOD; tjzpfyg0ifaqmif½GufcJhNyD;<br />

1956-57 wuotrIaqmiftzJGUwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xmewm0efcHtjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1962 Zlvdkif (7) &uf<br />

ta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif &efukefwuúodkvf? ½lyaA'XmewGif o½kyfjyq&mtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonf/ ¤if;ta&;<br />

tcif;jzpfyGm;rIudk tpnf;ta0;pwifcsdefrS aemufqHk;ypfcwfonftxd wuoatmufxyf½Sd wuopm;aomufqdkifrS<br />

wcsdefvHk; apmifhMunfhaecJhonf/ 1963 ckESpfwGif jynfwGif;Nidrf;a&;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif yg0ifNyD; 'DZifbmv (12) &ufaeYwGif<br />

tzrf;cH&onf/ 12? 2? 69 &uf (jynfaxmifpkaeY) tif;pdefaxmifrSxkwfí noef;acgifausmfwGif udk;udk;uRef;odkY<br />

ydkYaqmifjcif;cH&onf/ udk;udk;uRef;ü uRef;zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyJGwGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 1971 Edk0ifbm (11) &ufwGif<br />

uRef;zsufodrf;tNyD; tif;pdefaxmifodkY jyefa&mufvmonf/ tif;pdefü axmifrS rvTwfciftxd n§Of;qJcH&jyefonf/<br />

1972 ck {NyDv (12) &ufwGif tif;pdefaxmifrS jyefvGwfvmonf/ ½Spfav;vHk;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ 1989<br />

a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ tmPmzDqefa&;vIyf½Sm;rIü yg0ifNyD;a½Smifwdrf;&um Mo*kwfv (8) &ufaeYwGif bk&m;oHk;ql<br />

pcef;odkY a&muf½Sdonf/ ol\ a'gif;tdk;a0pmapmifrS ]]uRef;twdwft&dyfyrm}} tcef;quf aqmif;yg;onf udk,fawGY<br />

uRef;tawGUtMuHKudk a&;om;xm;í xif½Sm;onf/ 1991 rS tcef;quftjzpfazmfjycJhonf/ a&'D,dkz&D;at;½S jrefrmydkif;<br />

owif;axmuftjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/ &cdkifjynftrsKd;om;aumifpD (ANC) wGif tzJGU0ifwOD;tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;aumifpDwGif (ENC) &cdkifvlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfí jyefMum;a&;ESifhpnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwD wm0efcH<br />

tjzpf aqmif½Gufaeonf/ (jirf;? a'gif;tdk;a0/ w,fvDzkef;ar;jref;csuf/ tD;tefpD0ufbf)<br />

OD;ombef;- &cdkiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfonf/ wyfOD;ausmif;om; wOD;jzpfNyD; wuo trIaqmiftjzpf 1960-61 ck<br />

ESpfwGifaqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1988 aemufydkif; jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf (UNLD) \ wdkif;&if;<br />

om;vlrsKd;pka&;&maumfrwD0ifESifh vkyfief;aumfrDwD0ifjzpfonf/ yxrtBudrf 1991 rS 1995 txd axmifcscH&onf/<br />

,ckpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 wGif tzrf;cH&NyD; (6) ESpftMum 2004 ck? ZlvdkifvwGif axmifrS jyefvGwfvm<br />

onf/ (atatyDyDbD? tifwmeuf)<br />

(i) 1960-61 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> tpD&ifcHpm<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

( 1960 - 1961 )<br />

trIaqmiftzGJYtpD&ifcHpm<br />

1/ zGJUpnf;jcif;<br />

2/ trIaqmiftzGJU0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

3/ trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

4/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; xdyg;vmjcif;ESifh aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

5/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhywfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

6/ yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;<br />

7/ taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;<br />

8/ Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;<br />

9/ aus;Zl;wif½Sdjcif;<br />

10/ ed*Hk;<br />

(1) zGJYpnf;jcif;<br />

(u) a½G;aumufyGJrsm; / / 1960-61 &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;wdkYudk<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef yxrtywf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk 1960 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (19) &ufaeYwGif usif;yrnf[k<br />

a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sdu aMunmcJhonf/ ,SOfNydKifta½G;cHvdkolrsm;\ avQmufvTmrsm;udk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (16)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

&ufaeY? nae (3) em&DrwdkifrD a½G;aumufyGJ t&m½SdxH wifoGif;&rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/<br />

Ouú|ae&mwGif ,SOfNydKifta½G;cH&ef avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (3) OD;½SdNyD;? 'k-Ouú|ae&mtwGuf avQmufvTm<br />

wifoGif;ol (7) OD;ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mtwGuf (3) OD;½SdcJhonf/ 'k-Ouú|ae&mtwGuf (7) OD; teufwOD;tm; wuozGJU<br />

pnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;ESifh rudkufnDojzifh y,fcscJhonf/<br />

rdrdwdkYqE´tavsmuf avQmufvTmrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;Edkifaom Mo*kwfv (17) &ufaeY? nae (3) em&Drwdkif<br />

rD Ouú|ae&mrS (2) OD;? 'k-Ouú|ae&mrS (4) OD;ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrS (1) OD;pD toD;oD;avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf<br />

½kyfodrf;oGm;aomaMumifh Ouú|ae&mwGif udkwifat;rSm NydKifbufr½Sd ta½G;cH&NyD;? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;<br />

wGif (2) OD;pD ,SOfNydKif&ef usefcJhonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef;ae&mrsm;twGuf a½G;aumufyGJjyKvkyf&m 'k-Ouú|ae&mwGif udkwifarmifESifh<br />

aiGxdef;ae&mwGif udkeE´wdkYtm; a½G;aumufjcif;cHcJh&onf/<br />

trIaqmif (6) OD;ae&mtwGuf 'kwd,tokwf a½G;aumufyGJudk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (25) &ufaeYwGif<br />

usif;yrnf[k a½G;aumufyGJt&m½Sd udkwifat;u aMunmcJhonf/ wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk odu©m½SdpGm usif;yEdkifa&;?<br />

,SOfNydKifolrsm; tav;teufxm;½Sda&;wdkYtwGuf 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifolrsm;onf pabmfaiGusyf (50) (ig;q,fusyf)<br />

wdwdudk avQmufvTmESifh twlwifoGif;&ef 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifolonf ay;aom rJtm;vHk;wdkY\ (4) yHk (1) yHk r&½SdvQif<br />

xdkpabmfaiGudk wuorS odrf;,lrnf[k aMunmcJhonf/<br />

avQmufvTmwifoGif;ol (8) OD; ½Sdonfhteuf (2) OD;rSm rdrdwdkYqE´tavsmuf avQmufvTmrsm;udk jyefvnf½kyf<br />

odrf;oGm;ojzifh usef½Sdol (6) OD;jzpfaom udkAaqGav;? udkrif;axG;? udkombef;? udkvSMunf? udkapmarmif? udkxGef;Munf<br />

wdkY (6) OD;rSm wuo trIaqmifrsm;tjzpf ,SOfNydKifolr½Sd ta½G;cHcJh&onf/<br />

(c) trIaqmiftzGJY / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (1960- 61) \ yxrtBudrf trIaqmiftpnf;t<br />

a0;udk 1960 ck? Mo*kwfv (24) &ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfusif;ycJhonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;rS tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH tjzpf<br />

udkvSa½TESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf udkjrodef;wdkYtm; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufMuNyD; atmufygtwdkif; trIaqmiftzJGUudk<br />

zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

udkwifat; Ouú|<br />

udkwifarmif 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkeE´ (0dZÆm-*kPfxl;) aiGxdef;<br />

udkAaqGav; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkapmarmif wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;XmerSL;<br />

udkxGef;Munf EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL;<br />

udkrif;axG; upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmerSL;<br />

udkombef; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL;<br />

udkvSa½T tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

udkjrodef; pmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

(*) qyfaumfrwDrsm; / / &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf; tcef;(10)? t<br />

ydk'f (7) t& zGJUpnf;&rnfh qyfaumfrwDrsm;ESifh vdktyfaomXmersm;twGuf qyfaumfrwDrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;<br />

zGJUpnf; cJhonf/<br />

tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD<br />

udkvSa½T tdk;a0wm0efcH<br />

udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)<br />

udkxGm;pdef twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkausmfcif tvkyfrefae*sm<br />

udkvSwif aumfrwD0if<br />

udkZeDOD; aumfrwD0if<br />

r&D&Da|; aumfrwD0if<br />

653

654<br />

pmMunfUwdkufaumfrwD<br />

udkjrodef; wm0efcH<br />

udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)<br />

udkwifarmif 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkjroef; twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkvSodef; aumfrwD0if<br />

udkarmifarmifwifh aumfrwD0if<br />

udkpdk;0if; aumfrwD0if<br />

ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;aumfrwD<br />

udkombef; wm0efcH<br />

udkwifarmif 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)<br />

udkjrifhaz twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkatmifausmfEk aumfrwD0if<br />

udkpHausmfarmif aumfrwD0if<br />

rjrifhjrifh aumfrwD0if<br />

owif;ESifUjyefMum;a&;aumfrwD<br />

udkapmarmif wm0efcH<br />

udkwifarmif 'k-Ouú|<br />

udkausmfcif twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkrsKd;jrifh aumfrwD0if<br />

udk0if;BudKif aumfrwD0if<br />

udkjrifh aumfrwD0if<br />

udkav;&D aumfrwD0if<br />

vlxkqufoG,fa&;aumfrwD<br />

udkvSMunf wm0efcH<br />

udkwifarmif 'kOuú|<br />

udkeE´ (aiGxdef;)<br />

udkudkMunf aumfrwD0if<br />

udk0if;Akdvf aumfrwD0if<br />

udkatmifjrifh aumfrwD0if<br />

udkjrifharmif aumfrwD0if<br />

rcifoef;jrifh aumfrwD0if<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(C) tzGJYtpnf;rsm;twGuf wuoudk,fpm;vS,f<br />

wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumfrwDtwGuf wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf atmufyg (5) OD;udk a½G;cs,fcJhonf/<br />

udkrif;axG; upm;ckefpm;ESihf,Ofaus;rIwm0efcH<br />

udkjrodef; wuopmMunfhwdkufrSL;<br />

udkwifarmifaqG<br />

udkbñGefY<br />

udkausmfpdk;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(i) trIaqmiftzGJYtpnf;rsm;<br />

wuotrIaqmiftpnf;ta0;udk (18) Budrfusif;ycJhonf/ tdk;a0wm0efcHESifh pmMunfhwdkufrSL;rsm; twGuf<br />

(17) Budrfom jzpfayonf/ trIaqmifrsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0; wufaomtcsdefrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/<br />

udkwifat;- (18) Budrf? udkwifarmif- (12) Budrf? udkeE´- (18) Budrf? udkAaqGav;- (18) Budrf?<br />

udkapmarmif- (13) Budrf? udkxGef;Munf- (17) Budrf? udkvSMunf- (13) Budrf? udkombef;- (17) Budrf?<br />

udkrif;axG;- (12) Budrf? udkjrodef;- (11) Budrf? udkvSa½T- (17) Budrf/<br />

(2) trIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOfrsm;/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1960-61 \ Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv<br />

(17) &ufaeYwGif wuocef;rüusif;yum &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> 1960-61 trIaqmiftzGJU\0g'ESifh<br />

vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/<br />

0g'<br />

1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jr§ifhaomynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0om,majzmifhjzL;a&;?<br />

2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;<br />

tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;?<br />

3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif;quf<br />

qHa&;/<br />

EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIESifhywfoufonfh tajccHoabmxm;<br />

1/ bmomt,l0g' rcGJjcm;bJ? tom;ta&mif rcGJjcm;bJ? EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;cspfMunfa&;? rdwfaqGjzpf<br />

a&;wdkYtwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef?<br />

2/ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae ydkrdkwdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuf EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;<br />

rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

3/ urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? udkvdkeDpepfqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&; wdkufyGJrsm;<br />

tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef?<br />

4/ befa'gif;wGif usif;yaom tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHESifh (5) Budrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

nDvmcHBuD;rS csrSwfaom urÇmhjidrf;csrf;a&;xdef;odrf;a&;? vufeufavQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&ef?<br />

5/ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;aqmif½Guf&efwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

vkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf wuúodkvf\ a,bk,stajctaersm;udk oHk;oyfum atmufygtajccHvkyfief;<br />

rsm; csrSwfcJhonf/<br />

1/ ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;?<br />

2/ tcvGwf ynmoifMum;a&;pepf jyefvnf&½Sda&;?<br />

3/ wuúodkvfwGif ynmoifMum;a&; tajctae aumif;rGefap&ef rzefwD;EdkiforQ ZGefvaemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJrsm;<br />

qufvufxm;½Sd ay;&ef?<br />

4/ wuúodkvfwGif jrefrmpmudk oifMum;rIr@dKiftjzpf owfrSwfay;&ef?<br />

5/ pwdkifyif paumvm½Spfrsm; t&nftwGufESifh t&nftcsif; wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef?<br />

6/ jy|mef;aom ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm;? ausmif;oHk;ud&d,mrsm; oufompGm&½Sda&;?<br />

7/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf Munf;? a&? av toGm;EIef;rsm; avQmhaygha&;?<br />

8/ wuúodkvfaxmufyhHaMu; ydkrdkay;&ef?<br />

9/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;a&;?<br />

10/ t&nftcsif;jynfhq&mrsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;a&;?<br />

11/ tajctaeESifh rudkufnDbJ jy|mef;xm;aom ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; y,fzsufay;a&;?<br />

12/ 1959 ckESpf wuúodkvftufOya' (jyifqifcsuf) y,fzsufay;a&;?<br />

13/ q&mausmif;om; em;vnfrIwdk;wufa&;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef/<br />

655

656<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(3) trsKd;om;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

udkvdkeDpepfqefhusifa&;ESifU ulrifwefusL;ausmfrIqE´jyyGJ<br />

azazmf0g&D (21) &uf udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;aeYwGif vli,fausmif;om; trsKd;orD;tzGJUrsm;uBuD;rSL;í udkvdkeD<br />

pepfqefYusifa&;ESifh tar&duef autrfwDusL;ausmfrI uefYuGufqE´jyyGJBuD;udk BuD;rSL;usif;yum b,fvf*sD,HoH½Hk;ESifh<br />

tar&duefoH½Hk;rsm;odkY oGm;a&mufqE´jycJhonf/<br />

þqE´jyyGJwGif jrefrmjynf\ ajrmufbufESifh ta½SUbufa'orsm;odkY vufeufjzifh0ifa&muf usL;ausmfae<br />

aom tar&duefe,fcsJUorm;\ cg;ydkufaqmif autrfwDusL;ausmfa&;orm;rsm;tm; armif;xkwfa&;ESifh uGef*dkjynf\<br />

w&m;0if0efBuD;csKyf vlrGefbm;tm; owfjzwfvdkufrIudk uefYuGufa&;wdkYtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiH½Sd vli,fausmif;om;?<br />

trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh jynfolw&yfvkH; yg0ifum qE´jycJhayonf/<br />

þodkY Nidrf;csrf;pGm qE´jyolrsm;tm; yxptpdk;&onf rsuf&nf,kdAHk;? rD;owfydkuf? 0g;&if;wkwfrsm;omru<br />

aoewfrsm;jzifhyif ypfcwftMurf;zufum t"r®ESdrfESif;cJhayonf/ þodkYtMurf;zufum &uf&ufpufpuf ESdrfESif;rIaMumifh<br />

OD;vlav;ESifh udkoef;jrifhwdkY aoqHk;onfhtjyif? twGif;vlemtjzifh oHCmawmf (1) yg; tygt0if vlaygif; (53)<br />

OD; 'Pf&m&um? tjyifvlemtjzpf trsm;tjym; 'Pf&m&½SdcJhayonf/ nbufwGif qufvufqE´jyaom jynfolrsm;tm;<br />

qufvuf tMurf;zufESdrfESif;um yk'fr (144) xkwfcJhayonf/ vli,fausmif;om; jynfol tajrmuftrsm;udkvnf;<br />

zrf;qD;cJhayonf/<br />

xdkYaMumifh azazmf0g&D (24) &ufaeYwGif tMurf;zufrI ½Iwfcsa&;? tar&duefpGufzufrIESifh ulrifwefusL;ausmfrI<br />

rsm;tm; rsufajcrysufa&;wdkY twGuf ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJudk wuocef;rwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYBuD;rSL;<br />

um usif;ycJhonf/<br />

xdkYjyif AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm acgif;aqmifaom e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESifh autrfwDusL;ausmfrI wdkufzsuf<br />

a&; trsKd;om;aumfrwDwGif yg0ifum w½kwfjzLusL;ausmfrIqefYusifa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifcJhayonf/ AdkvfrSL;csKyf<br />

a[mif;ausmfaZmftm; wuoodkY zdwfac:um w½kwfjzLusL;ausmfrIESifhhhh ywfoufaom a[majymyGJwckudk jyKvkyfusif;ycJh<br />

ayonf/<br />

(4) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;umuG,fa&;ESifU ywfoufaomaqmif½Gufcsufrsm;<br />

(u) ausmif;pnf;urf;jyóem / / ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS tMuHay;pnf;urf;rsm;udk a&;qGJxkwfjyefcJh&m<br />

xdkpnf;urf;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; rvdkufemEdkifonfh tcsufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;½Sd&<br />

rnf[laom rludk vHk;0vufcHonf/ wuoonf ausmif;pnf;urf;ESifhywfoufí ausmif;om;qE´ESifhtnD ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;? q&mrsm; yl;aygif;n§dEdIif;um ausmif;om;rsm;\ pmayoifMum;rItajctae? aexdkifrItajctaewdkYjzifh<br />

udkufnDpGm a&;qGJxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;jzpf&ef vdktyfonf[k wifjycJhayonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wDxGifcsrSwfvmaom aoG;½dk;om;½dk;r[kwfonfh ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk uefYuGuf<br />

cJhonf/<br />

(c) ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifUausmif;omudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jyóem / / 1959 ckESpf? pufwifbmvwGif &efukef<br />

wuúodkvf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; xkwfypfcJhayonf/ wuoonf ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumfrwDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; jyefvnfyg0ifa&;twGuf tpOftquf awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ,ckESpfwGifvnf;<br />

ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifa&;twGuf xyfrHBudK;pm;&if; ausmif;aqmif aumfrwDxH<br />

ar;jref;&mwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS 1960 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D (3) &ufaeY wuúodkvfaumifpDrS csrSwfcJhaom<br />

o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef[laom qHk;jzwf<br />

csufudk jyefMum;cJhayonf/<br />

þodkY w&m;0ifjyefMum;csuft& avmavmq,f ausmif;aqmifjyóemrsm;ESifh ywfoufí qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

csrSwfjcif;? aqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifEdkifa&;twGuf ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifh<br />

pmzwftoif;rsm;udk udk,fpm;jyKonfh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;rS o[m,ESifh<br />

pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUOuú|ESifh wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&; XmerSL;wdkYtm; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf ausmif;<br />

aqmifaumfrwDodkY apvTwfcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;teuf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú|udkom ausmif;aqmif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

aumfrwDwGif vufcHNyD; wuovlxkqufoG,fa&;rSL;tm; o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm; tzGJUcsKyftrIaqmif r[kwf<br />

aomaMumifh[k taMumif;jyum ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif vufrcHbJ xm;cJhayonf/<br />

,cifESpfOD;wGif ay:aygufaeaom ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufrIjyóemrsm;udk yg0ifajz½Sif;&eftwGuf usef½Sd<br />

aeaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (1) OD;ae&mwGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;tm;<br />

ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf xyfrHay;ydkYcJYonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD obmywdonf<br />

aemufxyfay;ydkYaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif vufcH&efudk taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyum<br />

tcsdefqGJcJhayonf/<br />

wcsdefxJwGif ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif yg0ifaeaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vnf; ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumfrwDrS xkwfy,f&ef BudK;pm;jyefonf/ aumfrwDwGifyg0ifaom udk,fpm;vS,ftm; bGJU&oGm;í ausmif;aqmifwGif<br />

raeonfudk taMumif;jyum Mo*kwf (2) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom? ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY wufa&mufcGifh rjyKbJ<br />

aumfrwDrS xkwfy,fcJhonf/<br />

odkYaomf o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;tm; tcsdefqGJxm;cJhaomfvnf; rSefuefaom<br />

awmif;qdkcsuftm; rvGefqefEdkifbJ Mo*kwfv (2) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY wufa&mufcGifhjyK<br />

cJh&onf/<br />

(*) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rw&m;½dkufESufrI / / 27? 9? 60 &ufaeY? n (9) em&DwGif urm½GwfvSnf;wef; t0dkif;<br />

BuD;teD;ü vÇuf&nfaomuf&ef xGufvmaom ausmif;om; (3) OD;tm; 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;wOD;u ½dkufESufcJhayonf/<br />

12? 11? 61 &ufaeYuvnf; tif;vsm;uefwGif iSufypfxGufaom ausmif;om;tcsKdUtm; ppfom;rsm; ½dkuf<br />

ESufcJhayonf/<br />

þodkY tMurf;zuf&efpjcif;jzifh at;csrf;pGmaevdkaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;jzpfvmap&ef MuHpnf<br />

zefwD;jcif;rsm;udk wuorS tav;teuf ½IwfcsuefYuGufcJhonf/ owif;pm½Sif;vif;yGJrsm;jzifh wuo\ oabmxm;<br />

rsm;udk jynfolodkY wifjycJhayonf/<br />

(C) trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifrsm; ESpfywfvnfnpmpm;yGJ / / trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmif ESpfywfvnf npmxrif;<br />

pm;yGJrsm;udk ausmif;aqmifa½SUjrufcif;jyifwGif tpOftvmt& jyKvkyfcJhMuayonf/ ,ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;a&;rSL;rsm;u<br />

ausmif;aqmifa½SU jrufcif;rsm;wGif usif;ycGifhray;bJ ausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;wGifom usif;y&ef trdefYay;cJhonf/<br />

þodkYwm;jrpfjcif;onf ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;\ ta&;BuD;aom vkyfiefrsm;tm; zsufqD;ypfjcif;<br />

csKd;ESdrfypfjcif; oabmxm;odkY oufa&mufaeonfhtjyif? ausmif;aqmif ta&;tcif;rsm;wGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;<br />

rsm;\ vGwfvyfpGm aqmif½GufEdkifcGifhudk ydwfyif&ma&mufojzifh wuoonf uefYuGufcJhayonf/<br />

(i) ygarmu©csKyfcefhxm;a&; / / AdkvfcsKyftpdk;&vufxufu cefYxm;cJhaom &efukefwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf<br />

a'gufwmvSjrifh EkwfxGufoGm;ojzifh ygarmu©csKyfae&mwGif xyfrHcefYxm;&ef ac:,l&m avQmufxm;ol (3) OD;½SdcJhonf/<br />

wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;? ynmoifMum;a&; jyóemrsm;wGif ygarmu©csKyfonf wuúodkvfzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkt& tmPm<br />

t½SdqHk; yk*¾dKvfjzpfaomaMumifh ygarmu©csKyfcefYxm;a&;onf vGefpGmta&;BuD;onhf jyóemjzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh<br />

wuorS ygarmu©csKyf cefYxm;a&;twGuf oabmxm;w&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhayonf/<br />

wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfykHoP²mefonf (Unitary System) jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf ygarmu©csKyfwGif tmPmrsm;<br />

pkjyHKaeonf/ ygarmu©csKyfonf wOD;wnf;tmPm½Sif jzpfaeonf/ wuúodkvf wnfaqmufykHoP²mefudk jyifqif&ef<br />

vdktyfonf[k wifjycJhonf/<br />

avmavmq,ftm;jzifh xdkzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpepfudk rjyifqifEdkifrD ygarmu©csKyf a½G;&mwGif ynmwdk;wufap&ef<br />

aqmif½GufEdkifrnfhhol? tem*wf wuúodkvf wdk;wufom,ma&;udk aqmif½GufEdkifrnfhol? q&mrsm; ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh<br />

qufqHa&; ajyjypfaumif;rGefrnfhol? Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;twGuf pGrf;aqmifEdkifrnfhol? tusifhpm&dwå aumif;<br />

rGefjzLpifrnhfoludkom a½G;cs,fcefYxm;&ef wifjycJhayonf/<br />

xdkoabmxm;udk EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfodkYvnf; wifjycJhayonf/ ygarmu©csKyfcefYxm;a&;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

tpdk;&tmPmydkiftcsKdUu rdrdwdkY tvdkus cg;ydkufaqmif ygarmu©csKyfwa,mufjzpfvma&; wuúodkvfudk rdrdwdkY tvdkus<br />

cs,fvS,fEdkifa&;wdkYtwGuf BudK;yrf;csufrsm;udkvnf; ausmif;om;xkodkY azmfxkwfwifjycJhayonf/<br />

657

658<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

xdkYjyif ygarmu©csKyfopfa½G;cs,frnfh wuúodkvfaumifpDtpnf;ta0;yGJodkY Zefe0g&Dv (28) &ufaeYwGif<br />

wuoESifh tzGJUtpnf;aygif;pHku OD;aqmifí 0dkif;0ef;í qE´jycJhMuonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpD vlBuD;rsm;tm;vnf;<br />

yef;Mum;vTm wapmifxkwfum yefMum;cJhayonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDrS ygarmu©csKyftjzpf a'gufwmomvStm; a½G;cs,f<br />

cefYxm;cJhayonf/<br />

ygarmu©csKyftjzpf a½G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom a'gufwmomvSonf ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpOftvmtm;jzifh<br />

rajyjypfoljzpfaomfvnf; wuotaeESifh wuúodkvfwGif rvdkvm;tyfaom jyóemrsm; ray:aygufa&;? wdkif;jynf\<br />

ynma&;wdk;wufa&;? wuúodkvf om,mwdk;wufa&;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;wdkYtwGuf qufvuf BudK;yrf;oGm;<br />

rnfjzpfaMumif; aMunmcJhayonf/<br />

(p) ausmif;aqmifrvHkavmufrIjyóem / / ,ckESpf 1961 ck? ynmoifESpfwGif tpOftvmtm;jzifh ½SdaecJhaom<br />

ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufrIjyóemrSm ydkrdkBuD;rm;vmcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif tpOftvmt& ausmif;aqmif<br />

rvHkavmufrI½SdcJhjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? vGefcJhaomESpf pufwifbmv aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJESifh rwfvpmar;yGJrsm;wGif<br />

atmifEIef;rsm;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? xD;wef;ESifh &efuif;aumvdyfudk tif*sifeD,mr[mXmeodkY ½kwfw&uf<br />

a½TUajymif;vmjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ay:aygufvmcJhonfh ausmif;aqmifjyóemudk ajz½Sif;&ef BudKwifí rjyifqif<br />

aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? ,ckESpfwGif ausmif;aqmifrvHkavmufrIjyóemrSm ydkrdkBuD;rm;vmayonf/ odkYaomf wuúodkvf<br />

tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmiftmPmydkifrsm;onf xdkjyóemrsm;twGuf rnfodkYrQ BudKwifjyifqifjcif; rjyKcJhay/<br />

ausmif;aqmifae&m rvHkavmufonfh jyóemBuD;rm;vmNyD; xdyfwef;odkYa&mufvmrS ausmif;aqmiftmPmydkifrsm;<br />

rsufvHk;jyL;cJh&ayonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmifjyóem BuD;rm;rIaMumifh wuoESifh o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf atmufyg<br />

awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDodkY awmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

(u) wcef;vQif (2) a,mufxm;&ef?<br />

(c) tu,fí rvHkavmufvQif ,ckvuf½Sd xrif;pm;cef;rrsm;wGif aexdkifapum ,m,Dxrif;pm;cef;rsm;<br />

aqmufvkyf&ef?<br />

(*) tu,fí rvHkavmufvQif aexdkif&ef ,m,DwJrsm; aqmufvkyfay;&ef?<br />

(C) ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmifjyóemudk ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJajz½Sif;<br />

&ef/<br />

ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhay<br />

onf/ xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí 19? 6? 61 aeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wGif<br />

pOf;pm;um wcef; (2) a,mufxm;&efESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD<br />

wGif yg0ifcGifhay;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/<br />

ausmif;aqmif ae&mrvHkavmufrIonf ausmif;om;rsm;\ ynmoifMum;a&;udk rsm;pGmxdcdkufonf[k wuo<br />

rS ,HkMunfayonf/ ae&m½Sdoavmufom ay;NyD;? usefolrsm; aecsif&mae rdrdwdkY bmomzefwD;Mu[laom tmPmydkif<br />

wdkY\ t,ltqudk wuotaeESifh vHk;0vufrcHEdkifay/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaexdkifí ynmoifMum;vdkonfh<br />

ausmif;om;wdkif; ausmif;aqmifae&m&&ef wuoonf enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;½SmMuHí awmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhayonf/<br />

wuoonf avmavmq,f &ifqdkifae&aom ausmif;aqmifrvHkavmufrI jyóemudk ajz½Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf ,ckpmoif<br />

cef;tjzpf jyKvkyfxm;aom bDtdkpDaumvdyftm; ausmif;aqmiftjzpf ajymif;vJum ausmif;om;rsm;tm;xm;&ef quf<br />

vuf wifjycJhayonf/ odkYaomf 26? 6? 61 &ufaeY usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wGif wuo\<br />

wifjycsufudk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD obmywd ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmomvSu vHk;0vufrcHbJ obmywdtmPmoHk;<br />

um y,fcscJhjyefonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuoonf 3? 7? 61 aeYwGif wuo ausmif;om;xk txl;tpnf;ta0;wck<br />

ac:,lum ausmif;aqmifae&m tvHkavmuf&½Sda&;? bDtdkpDaumvdyftm; ausmif;aqmiftjzpf ajymif;vJum ae&mcsxm;<br />

ay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; tjrefaqmufvkyfay;&ef wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJhavonf/ wuorS wifjycJh<br />

aom wcef;ESpfa,muf aexdkifa&;rlwGif rauseyfaom ausmif;om;rsm; ½SdaeaomaMumifh wuoonf 3? 7? 61<br />

&ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;odkY ESpfa,mufwcef;pepfudk twif;rusifhoHk;bJ ESpf<br />

a,mufESpfcef; aexdkifEdkifolrsm;udk ¤if;wdkYqE´t& ESpfa,mufa,mufcef; aexdkifcGifhjyK&ef wifjyawmif;qdkcJh&m ausmif;<br />

aqmifaumfrwDrS y,fcscJhayonf/ xdkYjyif wuoonf txl;ausmif;om;tpnf;ta0;rS qHk;jzwfawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

Zlvdkifv (8) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ ¤if;aumifpDtpnf;ta0; usif;y<br />

aomaeYwGif wuoonf ausmif;om; (2000) ausmfESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDtm; 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDrS ausmif;aqmifae&m½SmazGa&; txl;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;um ausmif;aqmifaeolwdkif; ae&m&½Sda&;<br />

wm0efay;tyfcJhonf/ ausmif;aqmifae&m½SmazGa&;aumfrwDonf ,m,DwJausmif;rsm; aqmufvkyf&eftwGuf tpdk;&xH<br />

aiG (7) odef; wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ odkYaomf tpdk;&onf aiG (7) odef;udk xkwfray;bJaeojzifh ,aeYwdkif ,m,D<br />

wJausmif; aqmufa&;vkyfief;rSm rpEdkifbJ jzpfaeayonf/ ausmif;aqmifr&ao;olwdkif; ausmif;aqmif&a&; jyóem<br />

rsm;vnf; ,aeYwdkifrajz½Sif;Edkifjzpfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;aqmifaeoifholwdkif; ausmif;aqmifae&m&a&;twGuf<br />

Mo*kwfv (1) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;odkY wuo&Jabmfrsm;onf ydkpwmrsm;<br />

udkifaqmifum xyfrHqE´jycJhMuonf/<br />

,aeYxd ausmif;aqmifae&m r&½Sdao;aom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om; trsm;tjym;½Sdaeayao;onf/ ¤if;wdkY<br />

onf aexdkifrItcuftcJrsm;Mum;rS qif;&Jyifyef;pGm ynmoifMum;aeMu&ayonf/ ¤if;wdkYESifh ywfoufí ausmif;aqmif<br />

aumfrwDESifhwuG wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&wGifvnf;aumif;? wm0efBuD;rm;pGm½Sdae<br />

onf[k wuorS ,lqayonf/ odkY&mwGif wm0ef&Sdol tmPmydkifrsm;taeESifh xdkausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf<br />

wdusaom oabmxm;r½Sdao;bJ jzpfaeay&m xdkjyóem ajyvnfa&;twGuf qufvufaqmif½Guf ajz½Sif;ay;&ef<br />

vdktyfayonf/ wuotaeESifhvnf; ausmif;aqmifae&mr&½Sdao;ol ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf qufvufwdkufyGJ0if<br />

aqmif½GufoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/<br />

(5) ynmoifMum;a&;ESifUygwfoufaom aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;/<br />

(u) aq;odyÜHESifUtif*sifeD,m0ifcGifUt&nftcsif;pmar;yGJ / / 1960-61 ynmoifESpf ESpfOD;ydkif;wGif &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

qD;edwfu Oypmtxufwef;udk atmifjrifNyD; aq;odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,modkY 0ifa&muf&ef vdktyfonfh trSwfrjynfhol?<br />

(Eligible) rjzpfolwdkYonf aq;odyÜHESifhtif*sifeD,modkY 0ifEdkifa&;twGuf bmompHk (5) bmompvHk; ajzqdk&rnfjzpf<br />

aMumif; aMunmcJhonf/<br />

þodkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf aq;odyÜHESifhtif*sifeD,mwdkYwGif ausmif;taqmufttHk rvHkavmufjcif;aMumifh aq;<br />

odyÜHESifh tif*sifeD,modyÜHodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; ta&mufenf;&ef MuHpnfjcif;om jzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh<br />

wuoonf (5) bmom jyefajza&;rludk uefYuGufum trSwfrjynfhaombmom&yfudkom jyefvnfajza&;twGuf<br />

awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ trSwfrjynfhaom bmom&yf jyefajz&eftwGuf r&½Sdaomfvnf; (Eligible) oHk;bmomjyefajz&ef<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDrS cGifhjyKcJhayonf/<br />

(c) aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJusif;ya&; / / 1960 ck? pmoifESpf tprSpí EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDu<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfwGif ynma&;ajymif;vJjyifqifcsufrsm;tjzpf wuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifjcif;? ausmif;vcaumufcH<br />

jcif;? pnf;rsOf;opfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh pmar;yGJpepfopfrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;wdkYudk pwiftaumiftxnf azmfcJhonf/<br />

pmar;yGJpepfESifh ywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvfwGif 1960 ckESpfrSpí ZGefv aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudk zsuf<br />

odrf;um pmar;yGJwckusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhonf/ odkUaomfvnf; 1960 ckESpf aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf<br />

wuou awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJh&m wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm; taejzifhvnf; aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJw&yfudk pufwif<br />

bmvwGif usif;yay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf 1960-61 ckESpfwGif aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJudk zsufodrf;cJhonf/<br />

wuotaeESifh ,aeYwuúodkvf\ oifMum;ydkYcsyHkonf ajymif;vJjyifqifjyKpkjcif; r½SdcJhao;? oifMum;ydkYcs<br />

&ef tajctaejzpfonfh ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mrsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufjcif;<br />

r½Sdao;? oif½dk;oifwef; pmar;yGJpepfrSpí ajymif;vJjynfhpHkjcif; r½Sdao;yg[k ,lqonf/ xdkYjyif ausmif;om;rsm;\<br />

ynmoifMum;a&; tajctaerSm ausmif;aqmif rvHkavmufjcif;? pmar;yGJus ausmif;xkwfpepfrsm;jzifh Ncdrf;ajcmufcHae<br />

&jcif; ponfwdkYESifh rjynfhpHk rwnfrNidrfjzpfae&onf/ þodkYaom tajctaersm;wGif aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJrsm;udk<br />

qufvufxm;½Sd&ef vdktyfonf[k wuorS ,HkMunfayonf/ xdkUaMumifh wuoonf wuo\ oabmxm;udk<br />

wuúodkvf aumifpDodkU wifjyum aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJ xm;½Sda&;udk awmif;qdkcJYonf/ ausmif;om;xk twGif;odkUvnf;<br />

aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJESifhywfoufaom oabmxm;udk xkwfjyefcJhonf/<br />

(*) pmar;yGJpepfopf / / &efukefwuúodkvfwGif 1960-61 ESpfrSpí wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ yHkpHopfw&yfudk usifhoHk;<br />

659

660<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aeonf/ wuotaejzifhvnf; wuúodkvf\ vuf½Sdpmar;yGJpepfudk ajymif;vJa&;rludk vufcHayonf/ vuf½Sd pmar;yGJ<br />

pepfudk ajymif;vJypf&ef 1958 ckESpf Mo*kwfvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfaom jrefrmEdkifiH ausmif;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,f<br />

yGJBuD;rSvnf;aumif;? 1960 ck atmufwdkbmvwGif usif;yjyKvkyfaom Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHrSvnf;aumif;<br />

csrSwfcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuoonf ,aeYwuúodkvfwGif usifhoHk;aeaom pmar;yGJpepfopftm; ynma&;tajccHay:<br />

wGif rltm;jzifh oabmudkufnDayonf/<br />

odkYaomf pmar;yGJpepfopf wcktm; ajymif;vJrnfqdkvQif þpmar;yGJpepfESifh wqufwnf;jzpfaom oifMum;ydkY<br />

csyHkpepf? oifMum;ydkYcsrI tajctae? oif½dk;oifwef;rsm;udkyg jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ayrnf/ odkYrSomvQif wajy;nDaom<br />

ajymif;vJrI? rSefuefaom jyKjyifrIrsm; jzpfrnf/ xdkodkY tajctaet&yf&yfudk ravYvmrajymif;vJbJ pmar;yGJpepfwckwnf;<br />

udkom uGufuGufuav;jrifí ajymif;vJ&ef BudK;pm;cJhonfqdkygu pdwful;,Ofjcif;rQom jzpfayonf/<br />

,aeY wuúodkvftajctaeudk jyefvnfqef;ppfvQif vuf½Sd ynmoifMum;ydkYcsyHkpepftm; ajymif;vJ&efpDpOfjcif;<br />

r½SdbJ vuf½Sd ausmif;taqmuftOD rvHkavmufrI? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* rvHkavmufrI? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mOD;a&<br />

ESifh ausmif;om;OD;a& rrQwrI ponfh oifMum;ydkcsa&; tajctaewdkYudk jyKjyifzefwD; jznfhpGufjcif;rsm;udk rawGU&ay/<br />

xdkYaMumifh ,ckESpf pwifusifhoHk;aeaom pmar;yGJpepfopfonf wuúodkvf tajctaet&yf&yftm; ajymif;vJ<br />

jyKjyifjcif;r½SdbJ atmifjrifEdkifrnf r[kwfay/ xdkYjyif ,ckESpfusifhoHk;aeaom pmar;yGJpepf\ tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm rSwfyHkwif<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;om tjynfht0 &½Sdayrnf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;wdkif; rSwfyHkwifausmif;om;b0udk cH,lEdkifa&;twGuf<br />

pmar;yGJusausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;&efESifh ausmif;aecsifolwdkif; ausmif;aecGifhjyK&ef vdktyfaMumif; oabmxm;<br />

w&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/<br />

,cktcgwGif wuúodkvfwGif pmoifcef; rvHkavmufjcif;? q&m rvHkavmufjcif; jyóem &ifqdkifae&onf/<br />

wuou OD;pGm axmufjycJhonfhtwdkif; þpepfrSm ratmifrjrif jzpfvm&onf/ enf;jyoifwef;rsm;rSm wywfxuf<br />

wywf tcsdefavQmhvmonf/ q&mrsm;vnf; rEdkifreif;jzpfum ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; pdwfysufaeMuonf/ þpmar;yGJ<br />

pepfopfESifhywfoufí wuoonf oabmxm;tjynfhtpHkudk xyfrHpOf;pm;um vkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef<br />

vdkayonf/<br />

wuúodkvf\ ynmoifMum;a&; wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGufum; wyGJxdk;aq;NrD;wdkjzifh pdwful;wnfh&m<br />

avQmufvkyfaeír&? pdwful;,Ofír&[k wuou tav;teuf,HkMunfonf/ wuúodkvfoifMum;a&; aumif;rGef<br />

wdk;wufvmap&ef wuúodkvfwGif ynmoifMum;rItajctae ydkrdkwdk;wuf aumif;rGefvmap&ef ynma&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJ<br />

a&;udkvnf; tav;teufxm;um aqmif½Guf&efvdktyfayonf/<br />

(6) yGJobiftcrf;tem;rsm;<br />

(u) usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJ / / 1960-61ck &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|opf\ usrf;opömusdef<br />

qdkyGJtcrf;tem;udk 1960 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &uf? aeYvnf (1) em&DtcsdefwGif wuocef;rü usif;ycJhonf/<br />

usdrf;opömusdefqdkyGJodkY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;? <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm;? EdkifiHjcm;oH½Hk;rsm;rS<br />

{nfhonfawmfrsm; wufa&mufMuayonf/ usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJodkY q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;u o0PfvGmay;ydkYcJh<br />

onf/ usrf;usdefyGJudk wuo\ yxrqHk; Ouú| OD;ausmfcif vma&muf usrf;usdefay;cJhonf/ xdkusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJwGif<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aMunmcJhayonf/ usrf;opömusdef<br />

qdkyGJwGif tpOftvmtm;jzifh ausmif;aeY0uf ydwfxm;cJhaomfvnf; ,ckESpfwGif ygarmu©csKyfu ydwfray;cJhacs/ þodkY<br />

ygarmu©csKyf\ tjyKtrltwGuf wuoonf 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/<br />

(c) atmufwdkbm txdrf;trSwfaeh / / 1953 ck? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHktm; tav;<br />

teufxm;aomtm;jzifh atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&; oabmxm;aMunmcsuf<br />

wapmifudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/<br />

(*) q|rtBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfnDvmcH / / ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ (6)<br />

Budrfajrmuf nDvmcHudk wuocef;rü 1960 ck? atmufwdkbm (20) &ufaeYrS (24) &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhayonf/<br />

wuo\ þnDvmcHodkY aemifawmfnDawmf wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifhtwl wufa&mufcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf\<br />

tajctaeudk wifjyum Armw0Srf;vHk;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ b0tajctae? ynmoifMum;a&; tajctae? 'Drdkua&pD

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

a&; tajctaewdkYudk aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ þnDvmcHBuD;rS ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? ynmoifMum;rI tajctaewdk;wuf<br />

aumif;rGefa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDa&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk csrSwfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

(C) urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;aeh / / Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYudk urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS urÇmYausmif;om;aeY<br />

tjzpf owfrSwfcJhayonf/ ArmEdkifiHwGif urÇmYausmif;om;aeYudk 1951 ckESpfrS pwif usif;ycJhayonf/ ,ckESpfwGifvnf;<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk wuojrufcif;wGif usif;ycJhayonf/ þaeYwGif jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI "gwfyHk<br />

jyyGJESifh rsufarSmufacwf yef;csDq&mrsm;\ aq;a&;yef;csDjyyGJudk wuo pmMunfhcef;wGif usif;ycJhayonf/ wuo<br />

oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerS pma&;puúL? pmtdwf ponfrsm;? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;rS rkefY[if;cg;? bl;oD;aMumf<br />

ponfrsm;udk a&mif;cscJhonf/

662<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

(n) [,f&Dwefaehtcrf;tem; / / yÍörtBudrfajrmuf [,f&DwefaeYtcrf;tem;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uo<br />

wdkYESifh yl;wGJum 1961 ckESpf? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong> (3) ckrS trIaqmifrsm;pka0;NyD;<br />

[,f&Dweftkwf*lodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; vGrf;olYyef;acGrsm;csum t"d|mefpmwrf;rsm; zwfMum;cJhonf/<br />

(#) tmZmenfaeh / / 1961 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (19) &ufaeY AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;<br />

usqHk;onfh (14) ESpfajrmufaeYwGif trsKd;om;ynma&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; AdokumBuD;rsm;owd& OD;ñGwfonftae<br />

ESifh wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkY yl;aygif;um tmZmenfAdrmefodkY csDwuftav;jyKum? vGrf;olYyef;acGcsyGJESifh<br />

uarmufurynma&; wdkifwnfyGJudk usif;ycJhonf/<br />

(7) Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;<br />

(u) EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&; / / ausmif;om;xkESifh jynfolvlxktwGuf wuo\ ajymifajrmufaom wdkufyGJrsm;aMumifh<br />

vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;pnfnDñGwfa&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? wuo\ *kPfodu©m<br />

onf urÇmYwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif xif½Sm;ay:vGifcJhonf/ wuoonf EdkifiHwumausmif;om; tzGJUtpnf;rsm; jzpfonfh<br />

(International Union of Students, Co-ordinating Secretariat) rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm;<br />

jzpfonfh (W.F.D.Y, W.A.Y) wdkUESifhvnf;aumif; qufqHcJhayonf/ txl;ojzifh (I.U.S, W.F.D.Y) wdkYESifh yl;wGJí<br />

udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vli,fwdkufyGJrsm;udk vkyfaqmifEdkifcJh<br />

ayonf/ xdkYjyif urÇmYEdkifiHt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;tzGJUrsm;ESifh qufoG,fEdkifcJhayonf/ tdE´d,? *syef? w½kwfjynf?<br />

AD,uferf? puFmyl? tD&wf? ½k½Sm;? zifvef? qGDZmvef? *smrPD? awmiftmz&du? t,fvf*sD;&D;,m; ponfhwdkif;jynftoD;<br />

oD;\ ausmif;om;tzGJUrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f &½SdcJhayonf/ odkY&mwGif tm½S-tmz&du pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;twGuf<br />

tm½S-tmz&du wdkif;jynftoD;oD;ESifh auseyfjynfhpHkvHkavmufonftxd qufoG,frI tcdkiftrmr½SdcJhay/ (World<br />

University Service W.U.S) tzGJUESifhvnf; 1958 ckESpfrSpí ,aeYtxd qufoG,frItjynfht0 r½SdcJhay/<br />

wuoonf e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;tcef;wGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifhtwl Armjynf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;<br />

e,fcsJUtEÅ&m,fESifh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ta&;awmfyHkrsm;tm; rsufajcrysufapa&;? trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&; tif<br />

tm;jzifh wdkufyGJ0if&ef tpOftjrJvIHUaqmf OD;aqmifcJhayonf/ ¤if;jyif e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;tcef;ESifh qufpyfí Armjynf<br />

tm; w½kwfjzLrsm; wdkuf½dkufusL;ausmfrI? tar&dueftpdk;&\ wdkuf½kdufpGufzufrIrsm;udk wuoonf tpOfowd½SdcJh<br />

ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh w½kwfjzLusL;ausmfrI? tar&duefpGufzufrI uefYuGuf½IwfcsyGJrsm; jyKvkyfonfESifh wqufwnf;wGif<br />

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm; e,fcsJUtay: jywfom;vmap&ef wdkufwGef;cJhayonf/ txl;ojzifh tar&dueftpdk;&onf Armjynf<br />

ESifh w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHESifh ___ &if;ESD;a&;udk rvdkvm;onfh tavsmuf ppfa&;? EdkifiHa&; ___ taESmifh<br />

t,Sufay;aeonfudk wm;qD;&ef vdktyfcJhonf/ ___ ___ ArmpmcsKyf csKyfqdka&;? Ek-acsmif rlig;csufESifh<br />

ArmEdkifiHMum;ae0g' ___ cJhayonf/ xdkYjyif tar&duefonf Armjynf\ pD;yGm;a&;? ___,Ofaus;rIwdkYwGif<br />

0ifa&muf pGufzufEdkifa&; ___ qD;wdk;tkyfpkwGif;odkY yg0ifa&;wdkYtwGuf ___ ___ rsm; nDvmcHudk (Zefe0g&D<br />

25 - azazmf0g&D __) ___aqmifí ygupöwef u&mcsdNrdKUwGif ___ ___ \ aumufuspfpOf;vJrIudk<br />

azmfxkwfcJhayonf/ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _______________/<br />

EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;twGuf wuo tESpf (30) ajrmuf yÍötBudrf ausmif;om;<br />

yJGawmfodkYwufa&muf&ef EdkifiHwumvli,fausmif;om;tzJGUrsm;udk zdwfMum;cJhayonf/ (I.U.S) ___ eH,rf;<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS o0PfvTmrsm;&½SdcJhonf/ *smref'Drdku&ufwpfor®wEdkifiHrS vli,fowif;pmq&m<br />

rsm;tzJGU? w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiH\ EdkifiHwumvli,fawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yJG udk,fpm;vS,ftzJGU? (Co-sec) rS udk,fpm;vS,f?<br />

MopaMw;vQjynf ausmif;om;tzJGU Ouú| wuoodkY vma&mufcJhonf/<br />

wuo\ EdkifiHwumqufqHa&;wGif jynfwGif;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;aMumifh pmtquftoG,frsm;jzifhom jyKvkyfcJh&í?<br />

wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm; jyifyodkY xGufcGmcGifhr&cJhay/ tD&wfEdkifiH b*¾'wfNrdKUwGif usif;yaom urÇmYausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

nDvmcHodkY vnf;aumif;? armfpudkNrKdUwGif usif;yaom EdkifiHwumvli,fawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yJGodkY vnf;aumif; wufa&muf&ef<br />

EdkifiHul;vufrSwf xkwfya;&efawmif;qdkcJh&m yxptpdk;&rS jiif;qefcJhayonf/ þodkYtm;jzifh yxptpdk;&onf ausmif;<br />

om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifcJhayonf/ Armjynf\ wnfhrwfaom Mum;aea&;0g'udk rrSefruef<br />

usifhoHk;cJhayonf/ zqyvtpdk;&? ppftpdk;&ESifh ,aeY yxptpdk;& vufxuftxd tpOftjrJ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;<br />

\ EkdifiHwumqufqHrI tcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifcJhayonf/ yxptpdk;&\ jyKrlcsufESifh ywfoufí wuoonf jynf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wGif;jynfy ½IwfcsuefYuGufcJhonf/<br />

(c) tm;upm;ESifU,Ofaus;rIXme / / &efukefwuúodkvf tm;upm;aumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (5) OD;<br />

yg0ifcJh&m wuo\ upm;ckefpm;vkyfief;rsm;pGmonf &efukefwuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpD\ vkyfief;rsm;wGif<br />

tusKH;0ifoGm;ayonf/ txl;ojzifh ,ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDonf wuo\ wifjycsufrsm; tm;vHk;<br />

vdkvdkyif vufcHvkyfaqmifonfudk awGUjrif&ayonf/<br />

wuoonf ESpfvnf ajy;ckefupm;yJGBuD;udk ydkrdkpnfum;pGm usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf aqmif½GufcJhayonf/<br />

yg0if,SOfNyKdifaom pepfudk toif;vdkuf yg0if,SOfNyKdifapjcif;tm;jzifh yg0if,SOfNyKdifolOD;a& rsm;jym;vmonfomru<br />

vma&muftm;ay;Munfh½Iolrsm;vnf; ydkrdkvma&mufcJhayonf/ ae&mxdkifcif; rvHkavmufrIESifh tjcm;vkyfief;jyifqifrI<br />

tenf;i,fcsKdU,Gif;onfrSty wuúodkvfESpfywfvnfajy;ckefupm;NyKdifyJGBuD;onf atmifjrifcrf;em;odkufNrKdufcJhayonf/<br />

NyKdifyJGqkrsm;udkvnf; woD;wjcm; tcrf;tem;vkyfí qkay;EdkifcJhayonf/ qkay;&mwGif ay;½dk;ay;pOfrjyKvkyfbJ urÇmYt<br />

EdkifEdkifiH wuúodkvfBuD;rsm;\ yHkpHerlemudk,lí a½Ta&mif? tjyma&mifpaom ta&mifrsm;cJGjcm;í tqifhtwef;owfrSwf<br />

csD;jr§ifhcJhayonf/ tm;upm;tqifhtwef;owfrSwfaom a½Ta&mif? tjyma&mif ponfwdkYudk ay;yHkay;enf; ]]rl}} ay:wGif<br />

tcsKdUrauseyfMuay/ odkYaomf vkyfief;taumiftxnf azmfaom yxrESpftzdkY csKdU,Gif;csufrsm; ½SdrnfrSefaomfvnf;<br />

a½SUtzdkY tm;vHk;auseyfvmEdkifMuvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfayonf/<br />

wuúodkvftm;upm; pmapmifudk tenf;qHk; oHk;vwBudrf xkwfa0&efMuHpnf tm;xkwfcJhaomfvnf; tusyft<br />

wnf;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh wapmifom xkwfa0EdkifcJhayonf/ EdkifiHjcm;oH½Hk;toD;oD;rS tm;upm; ½kyf½Sifum;rsm; vma&muf<br />

jyo&efpDpOfcJhaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay/ wuúodkvf½Sd tm;upm;toif;tzJGU aygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yJGw&yfudk jyKvkyf&efBuKd;<br />

yrf;cJhayonf/ odkYaomf wuúodkvf½Sd tm;upm;tzJGUrsm;rSm wcsdefwnf;jyefvnfzJGUpnf;jcif; r½SdMuojzifh aqG;aEG;usif;yJG<br />

rusif;yEdkifcJh/ xdkYaMumifh wuúodkvf½Sd topfjyefvnf zJGUpnf;NyD;aom tm;upm;toif;tzJGUrsm;udk ac:,lí tm;upm;<br />

tpDtpOfvkyfief; (Programme) a&;qJG&ef wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tMuHÓPfay;cJh&m aumifpDu vufcHcJhayonf/<br />

wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yJGBuD;udk rEÅav;wGif usif;y&m &efukefwuúodkvfrS tm;upm;o<br />

rm;rsm;tm; apvTwf,SOfNyKdif EdkifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfrS trSwftrsm;qHk;jzifh yxrqk&½SdcJhayonf/<br />

wuorS oD;jcm;tm;upm;NyKdifyJG rusif;yEdkifcJhaomfvnf; ausmif;om;yJGawmfwGif jcif;,dkifcwfNyKdifyJGusif;y<br />

jcif;? wuúodkvfvufa0SYtoif;ESifh yl;wJGí vufa0SYNyKdifyJG usif;yjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/<br />

urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzJGUcsKyfodkY &efukefwuúodkvftwGuf tm;upm;ypönf;rsm; awmif;qdkcJh&m<br />

tawmftoifh &½SdcJhonf/ 1961 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (22) &ufaeYrS pufwifbmv (3) &ufaeYtxd bla*;&D;,m;jynf?<br />

qdkzDvmNrKdUawmfwGif usif;yonfh urÇmYwuúodkvfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yJGBuD;odkY &efukefwuúodkvfrS yg0if,SOfNyKdifEdkif&ef<br />

trsKd;rsKd; MuHpDBuKd;pm;cJhayonf/ wuúodkvftm;upm;aumifpDESifh wuúodkvfaumifpDodkY aiGaMu;ulnD&ef awmif;qdkcJhaomf<br />

vnf; aiGxkwfay;EdkifpGrf; r½SdcJhay/ BuKd;pm;vsuf ½Sdaeayonf/<br />

,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;wGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY tar&duef,Ofaus;rIudk umuG,f[efYwm;&ef?<br />

ArmhtEkynm ,Ofaus;rIxdrf;odrf;&ef aumfrwDwck zJGUpnf;&efBuKd;pm;cJhonf/ odkYaomfvnf; &efukefwuúodkvf,Ofaus;<br />

rItoif; ½Sdaejcif;ESifh tjcm;taMumif; trsKd;rsKd;wdkYaMumifh qufvufraqmif½GufEdkifcJhay/<br />

(*) wuooufomacsmifcsda&;Xme / / ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __/<br />

wuopm;aomufqdkifESifh ywfoufí vGefcJhaom 1959 ckESpf trIaqmiftzJGUrS wif'gpepfjzifh a½G;cs,fum<br />

zGifhvSpfapcJhaom <strong>or*¾</strong>pm;aomufqdkifonf wif'gpnf;rsOf;t& 1960 ckESpfwGif oufwrf;aphNyD; jzpfojzpf wif'gaumfr<br />

wDzJGUpnf;um pepfwus rlrsm;csrSwfí rljzifhtukduftnDqHk;jzpfol OD;oGif-a':oef;wdkYtm; wif'gay;í qdkifzGifhvSpfapcJh<br />

onf/ pm;aomufqdkifopfudk {NyDvwGifzGifhvSpfcJh&m oefY½Sif;aumif;rGef vyfqyfaom tpmtm[m&rsm;&½Sda&;? rQwaom<br />

aps;EIef;jzifh 0,f,lpm;oHk;Edkifa&;ESifh pepfwusjzpfa&;wdkYtwGuf oufomacsmifcsda&;Xmetaejzifh wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif<br />

vsuf½Sdayonf/ ,ckESpfwGifvnf; wuo oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkifudk ydkrdkjynfhpHkaumif;rGefpGm wnfaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf<br />

BuKd;yrf;vsuf½Sd&m rMumjrifhrD qdkifzGifhvSpfrnf jzpfayonf/<br />

(C) vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xme / / wuo vlxkqufoG,fa&;Xmevkyfief;onf wuovkyfief;rsm;ESifh a&mpyf<br />

vsuf½Sdonfom rsm;ayonf/ pmqdkawmfaeYjzpfaom ewfawmfvqef; (1) &ufaeY? nwGif wuúodkvfuavmiftoif;ESifh<br />

663

664<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

wuowdkY yl;aygif;um wuocef;rwGif pmqdkawmfynm½SifBuD;rsm; jzpfMuaom q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;? q&mBuD;<br />

OD;azarmifwif? q&mrif;ok0PfESifh q&mOD;rsKd;rif;wdkYtm; uefawmhylaZmfyGJ usif;ycJhonf/ ¤if;aemuf a[majymyGJudk<br />

usif;y&m q&mrif;ok0PfESifh OD;rsKd;rif;wdkYu a[majymMuonf/<br />

(i) tdk;a0r*¾Zif; / / tdk;a0r*¾Zif;onf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1960 rS 1961 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;ta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(9) aus;Zl;wif½Sdjcif;<br />

1960-61 ckESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;udk wifjycJhNyD;jzpfonf/<br />

wuo a½G;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifulnDay;Muaom ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f aumifpDvlBuD;rsm;? wuo<br />

Ouú|a[mif;rsm;? wuo trIaqmifrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? urÇmYausmif;om;aeYESifh ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif yef;csDjyyGJ<br />

twGufulnDaom yefcsDq&m OD;eef;a0tm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJawmf acwfaMu;rHk umwGef;jycef;twGuf<br />

ulnDaom jrefrmEdkifiH umwGef;q&mrsm;toif;tm; vnf;aumif;? wuotESpf (30) ajrmuf? yÍörtBudrfajrmuf<br />

ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif wufa&mufzGifhvSpfay;aom wuo yxrOuú| OD;ausmfciftm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJ<br />

awmftwGuf aiG 1000d^- ulnDaom wuúodkvfaumifpDtm; vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;yGJawmfwGif ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;<br />

rIordkif; jycef;twGuf "gwfyHkrsm; iSm;&rf;ulnDMuaom jrLrif;BuD;a[mif; OD;xGef;tHk? wuúodkvfxifBuD;ESifh wyfrawmf<br />

armfuGef;wdkuftm; vnf;aumif;/<br />

'dk;ywfNydKifyGJwGif tuJjzwfvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf aqmif½Gufay;aom ygarmu©OD;atmifvS trSL;jyKaom *Dwynm½Sif<br />

BuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? *Dwya'omazsmfajzcef;wGif ulnDMuaom a':aroef;trSL;jyKaom ynm½Sifrsm;udk vnf;<br />

aumif;? pmayNydKifyGJwGif pmrlrsm;udk wnfjzwfa½G;cs,fay;Muaom q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif;/<br />

jyyGJwGif yg0ifulnDay;Mu aom wuúodkvfpme,fZif;toif;? wuúodkvf"gwfyHktoif;? aq;odyÜHausmif;om;<br />

rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? &efukefwuúodkvf vlrsKd;pktoif;rsm;tzGJUcsKyf? Adokumtif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;toif;ESifh oH½Hk;toD;oD;<br />

tm; vnf;aumif;/<br />

uyGJwGifyg0ifujyaom wuúodkvftif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>?<br />

wuúodkvfvlrsKd;pktoif;tzGJUcsKyf? o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rsm;? w½kwftrsKd;om;ausmif;ol^om;toif;ESifh tjcm;<br />

toif;tzGJUrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;/<br />

jyifyrS vma&mufulnDMuaom pE´,m;cspfaqG? wuúodkvfjrwfav;? tqdkawmf udkcifarmifvGifESifh *Dwynm<br />

½Sifrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? pmqdkawmfaeYwGif

666<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;wifat; (NrdKYr)<br />

(1960-61)<br />

1957-58 wGif tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 1960-61 ckESpfwGif Ouú|tjzpf<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&onf/<br />

&efukefNrKdU NrKdUrtrsKd;om;ausmif; ausmif;xGufjzpfonf/ NrKdUrausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzJGUwGif<br />

&moufyeftrIaqmifwOD; jzpfonf/ NrdKUrOD;wifat;[k vlodrsm;aom a½SUaeBuD;wOD;jzpfonf/ ,ckpmtkyfa&;om;<br />

&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 ESpfOD;wGif zrf;qD;cH&NyD; axmif'Pf (7) ESpfcsrSwfcH&onf/ awmifilaxmifrS 2003<br />

Mo*kwfvqef;wGif jyefvGwfvmonf/ axmifruscifuwnf;u cg;ema&m*g&SdcJhNyD;? axmifwGif;ü ydkrdkqdk;½Gm;vmum<br />

axmifrS vGwfajrmufNyD; (2) veD;yg;tMum 2003 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif uG,fvGefonf/<br />

aoqHk;csdefwGif touf (73) ESpf&Sdí om;orD; (4) a,mufusef&pfcJhonf/ (atatyDyD? udkcGef;qdkif;)<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1960- 1961)<br />

udkvSa½T udkapmarmif udkAaqGav; udkwifat; udkrif;odrf; udkeE´ udkombef;<br />

(tdk;a0t,f'Dwm) (wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;) (taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;) (Ouú|) ('k-Ouú|) (aiGxdef;) (oufomacsmifcsda&;)<br />

udkxGef;Munf udkrif;axG; udkvSMunf udkjrodef;<br />

(EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;) (upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rI) (vlxkqufoG,fa&;) (pmMunfhwdkuf)<br />

ygyD,m; em½dkif;em; OD;uHodef; udkbay: udkvSausmf<br />

(taqmuftODxdef;) (pma&;BuD;) (½Hk;trIxrf;)<br />

Source: Oway Magazines

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1961 rS 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xkcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJU (1961-62)<br />

Ouú| udkAaqGav;<br />

(c) uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJ<br />

tcef; (24)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1961 rS 1962)<br />

(c-1) jzpfay:vmyHk<br />

1960 ckESpf ynmoifESpfwGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;u OD;aqmifí jrefrmwjynfvHk;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf<br />

uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJBuD;udk t½Sdefjyif;pGm qifETJcJhMuayonf/ vGwfvyfa&; (14) ESpf umvwGif<br />

ynmoifESpfwck qef;vmwdkif; wdkif;jynf\ taxGaxGynma&;tusyftwnf;rSm ydkíBuD;rm;vmcJhonf/ ausmif;oHk;<br />

pmtkyfrsm; aps;BuD;jcif;? aep&mausmif; r½Sdjcif;? oifay;rnfh ausmif;q&m r½Sdjcif;? ausmif;p&dwf rvHkavmufjcif;?<br />

&mcdkifEIef; (90) ausmf us½HI;onfh atmifpm&if;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&jcif;? pmar;yGJusonfhtwGuf ausmif;xkwfcH&jcif;?<br />

tvkyfvufrJhb0a&mufjcif; jyóemrsKd;pHkk awGUMuHKae&onf/ jyóemrsm; twdkiftqBuD;rm; us,fajymvmNyD;wdkif;<br />

vlaerIpepfESifh ,aeYynma&;pepf\ tHacsmfaeonfudk jyoayonf/ yxptpdk;& vufxufwGif wuúodkvf0ifESifh<br />

ausmif;xGufpmar;yGJ cGJjcm;onfhpepf? wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk twif;tusyf jyefvnfusifhoHk;vmonf/ (2) cgusausmif;<br />

om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; ausmif;rSxkwfypfjcif; jyóemrsm; &ifqdkifvm&onf/<br />

1961 ck? azazmf0g&DvwGif ppfaq;NyD; ZGefvwGif xkwfjyefvdkufonfh wuúodkvf0ifESifh wef;jrifhausmif;xGuf<br />

atmifpm&if;rsm; xGufvmaomtcg rajzolatmifaompm&if;? rajzonfhbmom *kPfxl;xGufonfh atmifpm&if;?<br />

uarmufuratmifpm&if; jzpfvmonf/ xdktcg rajzolatmifNyD; rdrdwdkYusaeonfhtjzpfudk ausmif;om;rsm; &ifqdkif&<br />

aomtcg uarmufurynma&;pepf'Pf cHpm;&csuf? wdkif;jynf\ vlaerIpD;yGm;a&;pepfESifh rudkufnDaom ynma&;<br />

uarmufurjzpfrI? (2) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf wef;cGJwef;cspepfwdkYaMumihf ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; aygufuGJ<br />

667

668<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

vmonf/ uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;awmif;qdkcsufudk wcJeufa

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1961 rS 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xkcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

1/ pmar;yGJatmifpm&ifrsm; uarmufurjzpfonfqdkaom ausmif;om;pGyfpGJcsufudk twdtusodom&ef<br />

ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD; yg0ifaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDzGJUí tpdk;&u pHkprf;rnf/ xdktzGJU\tMuH<br />

ay;csuftwdkif; tpdk;&u aqmif½Gufrnf/<br />

2/ ESpfcgusausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefxm;a&;rSm ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;q&mrvHkavmufí tpdk;&u<br />

vufrcHEdkif/<br />

3/ wdkif;jynf\ynma&; ydkrdkjrifhrm;vmap&eftwGuf vdktyfojzifh wef;cGJwef;cspepf y,fzsufay;&ef awmif;<br />

qdkonfudk tpdk;&u rvdkufavsmEdkif/<br />

4/ ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJudk ynma&;pHkprf;rIaumfr½Sif\ tpD&ifcHpmudkrlwnfí usif;yay;rnf/<br />

tpdk;&jyefMum;csufrsm;udk AuotzGJUcsKyfonf ynma&;0efBuD;a½SUwGifyif wxdkifwnf; uefYuGufcJhayonf/<br />

uarmufurjzpfrI rSef? rrSef ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD;yg0ifaom aumfrwDzGJUí pHkprf;ay;rnf[k ajymMum;jcif;onf<br />

uarmufurjzpfrIudk pHkprf;&efrvdk? bmaMumifh uarmufurjzpf&onf rnfolrsm;wGifom wm0ef½Sdonfudkom pHkprf;a&;<br />

aumfr½SifzGJUí tpdk;&u pHkprf;oifhonf/<br />

ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf rusifhoHk;&efESifhywfoufí ynma&;0efBuD; jyefMum;csufrSm rsm;pGmwm0efrJhvS\/<br />

ausmif;aecsifol ynmoifcsifolrsm;udk tajctaejynfhpHkatmif zefwD;ay;&rnf jzpfayonf/ ausmif;q&m? ausmif;<br />

taqmuftOD rvHkavmuf[laom taMumif;jycsufjzifh ausmif;pmoifcef;rS uefxkwfrIrSm rsm;pGmwm0efrJhvSaom<br />

jyKrlcsufjzpfonf/ ajzqdkaom ausmif;om; (100) wGif (90) usqHk;aecsdef? ESpfcgus ausmif;om;jzpfoGm;&ef rsm;pGm<br />

vG,fulayonf/<br />

wef;cGJwef;cspepfudk ynma&;tqifhtwef;jrifh&ef aqmif½Guf&ygonf[k ajymqdkjcif;rSmvnf; toHaumif;<br />

[pfaom jyefMum;csufom jzpfayonf/ ynma&;udk tajccHusus jyKjyifajymif;vJNyD; vlaerIpepf wdk;wufjzpfay:csufESifh<br />

udkufnDatmifjyKvkyfrSom ynma&;tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vmEdkifayrnf/ ynma&;&efyHkaiG? ausmif;taqmuftOD? q&m?<br />

y&dabm* jynfhpHkatmifvkyfrSom ynma&;tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vmrnf/<br />

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJESifh ywfoufívnf; vkyfay;rnf[k jyefMum;aomfvnf; wdusa&&mrIr½Sd? tmCmwuif;½Hk<br />

vkyfay;onfh oabmqefonf/ ]]rif;wdkh ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ vkyfay;ygqdkvdkhom vkyfay;wm? igawmU ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ r,Hk<br />

bl;? vlpkpum;ajymwmyJ}} [k wm0efrJhpGm ynma&;0efBuD;u ajymqdkavonf/<br />

30? 7? 61 wGif ausmif;om;rsm; owif;pm½Sif;vif;yGJwck jyKvkyfNyD; tpdk;&jyefMum;csuf rrSefuefaMumif;?<br />

wdkif;jynftxGwftxdyfjzpfonfh ygvDreftm; qE´jyrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;í Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfu OD;aqmifí<br />

jyifqifcJhavonf/<br />

3? 8? 61 wGif &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;xk qE´jyyGJjzifh jyif;jyif;xefxef uefYuGufcJhonf/ xdkoabmxm;<br />

rsm;udk pGJudkifí Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh<br />

yl;aygif;aqG;aEG;um <strong>or*¾</strong>BuD; (3) ckyg0ifaom ]ynma&;epfemcsuf ygvDrefqE´jyyGJaumfrwD} udk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

pnf;½Hk;rIabmifESifh wdkufyGJabmifcsJUonfh oabmjzpfonf/<br />

1961 ck? Mo*kwfv (24) &ufaeYwGif vTwfawmfudk 0dkif;í qE´jy&ef Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfu qHk;jzwfavonf/<br />

Mo*kwfv (15) &ufaeYwGif vTwfawmfygvDrefpaomtcg rEÅav;c½dkifausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;aqmifí em&D (60)<br />

tpmiwfcH qE´jyyGJBuD;udk usKH;axmifhwGif usif;yvdkufonf/ þqE´jyyGJonf wjynfvHk;odkY *,uf½dkufoGm;avonf/<br />

Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf wjynfvHk;½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tm; rdrdwdkYa'otoD;oD;½Sd vTwfawmftrwfrsm;xHrS vTwfawmftwGif;<br />

0,f ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm; wifjyawmif;qdkay;a&;twGuf uwdawmif;cHyGJrsm; usif;y&ef ñTefMum;<br />

avonf/ wjynfvHk;rS ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ qEúwdawmif;cHyGJrsm; usif;yMuonf/ tcsKdU yxp trwfrsm;onf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk a½SmifNyD; &efukefodkY ajy;Mu\/ tcsKdUyxpESifh zqyvtrwfrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdk<br />

csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkay;ygrnf[k uwdjyKMu\/<br />

xdkygvDrefwGif tpdk;&u Ak'¨bmomudk EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jy|mef;&ef wifoGif;avonf/ xdkygvDref<br />

tpnf;ta0;onf uarmufurynma&;? EdkifiHawmfbmomESifh bwf*sufvTwfawmf jzpfvmonf/ tpdk;&onf EdkifiH<br />

awmfbmom jyóemudk a½SUwef;odkY wifav\/ wdkif;jynf tajctaerSmvnf; ygvDrefwGif wifoGif;rnfh EdkifiHawmf<br />

bmomjy|mef;a&;udk pdwf0ifpm;vmMuonf/ yxptpdk;&onf xdktajctaeudk taMumif;jyNyD; ausmif;om;qE´jyyGJudk<br />

ausmif;om;xk\ w&m;rQwaom 'Drdkua&pDvIyf½Sm;rIrsm;udk csKd;ESdrf&ef jyifqifvmonf/ ygvDrefusif;y&m twGif;0ef<br />

½Hk;udk e,frSjyLapmxD; wjzpfvJ t&H&Jrsm; tjrefqifhac:NyD; &Jtiftm; (5000)? tcsKyfum;? oHcsyfumum; txyfxyf0dkif;<br />

669

670<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

&Hum jynfolESifh ausmif;om;xkudk Ncdrf;ajcmufcJhonf/ yxptpdk;&onf EdkifiHawmfbmom ta&jcHKí 'Drdkua&pDudk<br />

zsufqD;avonf/ vTwfawmfESifh udkuf (100) twGif; qE´jyjcif; rjyK&[laom wcsufvTwftrdefYudk xkwfavonf/<br />

oHCmawmfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfbmomjy|mef;onfh ygvDrefudk ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyyGJaMumifh rxdcdkufapcsif/ xdkYaMumifh<br />

trsKd;rsKd; arwåm&yfcHMuonf/ rdbjynfolrsm;onf ½dk;&mtpOfvmtm;jzifh Ak'¨bmomouf0if ,HkMunfMuolrsm;<br />

jzpfay&m EdkifiHawmfomoemjyKvkyfief;wGif pdwfwdrf;ñGwfMuavonf/ tpdk;&uvnf; tpdk;&tmPmudk tpGrf;ukefoHk;í<br />

vIHYaqmfonf/ wcsdefwnf;rSmyif jynfolrsm;u ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jyvQif xdcdkufaoausrnf pdk;&drfavonf/ q&m<br />

BuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;uvnf; aemufxyf atmifausmfawG jzpfaeOD;rSm pdk;&drfaMumif; NiD;½Smavonf/ owif;rsm;u<br />

vnf; ausmif;om;qE´rjyMu&ef arwåm&yfcHavonf/<br />

ygvDrefqE´jyaumfrwDonf aemufqHk;wGif tm;vHk;aom arwåm&yfcHcsufrsm;ESifh rdbrsm;\ pdwfcsrf;oma&;udk<br />

a½SU½Ií yHkpHajymif;vdkuf&onf/<br />

(c-4) yHkpHajymif;vJjcif;<br />

ygvDref qE´jyaumfrwDonf þyHkpHajymif;vJjcif;ESifh ywfoufí aumfrwDtwGif;0,f jyif;xefpGm aqG;aEG;<br />

cJhMuonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDu zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;? uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;? ausmif;om;xk qE´<br />

jyyGJudk 24? 8? 61 wGif wuocef;rü jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ yg0iftm;rSm avsmhenf;oGm;avonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xk Ncdrf;ajcmufcH&jcif;? vIyf½Sm;Edkifonfh &Jabmf (au'g) rsm; avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;? tcsdef½kwfw&ufajymif;<br />

vJpDpOf&jcif;twGuf vIHYaqmfrItwdkif;twmrSmvnf; enf;oGm;onf/ toHcsJUpufoHk;cGifhrSpí rsm;pGmzdESdyfjcif;cHcJh&<br />

ayonf/<br />

ygvDrefqE´jyaumfrwDonf ygvDrefqE´jya&; oabmxm;udk ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfrsm;tzGJUcsKyftm; 22?<br />

8? 61 aeYwGif avQmufxm;cJhayonf/ q&mawmfrsm;rSvnf; ausmif;om;wdkY\ wdkufyGJrSefuefaMumif;? ulnDrnfjzpf<br />

aMumif; rdefYMum;cJhayonf/<br />

uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&;ESifh ywfoufí ygvDrefqE´jya&;tpDtpOfESifh ywfoufí tzGJUcsKyfu<br />

csrSwfxm;aom oabmxm;rSm tajctaeay:wGif rlwnfjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh rSefuefonf[k ,HkMunfonf/ vkyfenf;<br />

vkyf[efrsm;ESifh ywfoufí csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? rnDñGwfrIrsm;½Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; oabmxm; taejzifhum; rSm;,Gif;rI<br />

r½SdaMumif; vufawGUtawGUtMuHKt& xif½Sm;ayonf/<br />

ynma&;rif;BuD;a[mif; (3) OD;yg0ifaom uarmufuratmifpm&if; pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDu uarmufurjzpfrI<br />

rsm;twGuf pHkprf;rIrsm; jyKvkyfonf[kqdkonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfudk vma&mufawGUqHk&ef ac:qdkonf/ Auorsm;tzGJU<br />

csKyfrS oGm;a&mufrawGUacs/ ]]pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; uarmufurjzpfonfrSm wdkif;odjynfodjzpfonf/ xdkhaMumifh pHkprf;&ef<br />

rvdk}} [laom oabmxm;ay;ydkYcJhonf/ pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpm xGufvmaomtcg cyfzHk;zHk;tpD&ifcHcsufom<br />

jzpfonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh þtpD&ifcHpmudk tHMojcif;r½SdvSay/ aemufqHk; tpdk;&\aemuf<br />

qufwGJ atmifpm&if;rsm; xkwfay;awmhrnf[k cdkifrmaomowif;rsm; xGufvmavonf/ þowif;tay: ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;\ cdkifrmvSaom ,HkMunfcsufum; qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdk&ef vdktyfonf[k oabmaygufMuavonf/<br />

10? 9? 61 &ufaeYwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>? &efukefc½dkifausmif;<br />

om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkY yl;wGJí ausmif;om; (52) a,mufyg0ifaom em&D (50) tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJBuD;udk &efukefNrdKU ql;av<br />

bk&m;vrf;axmifhESifh taemf&xmvrf;axmifhwGif jyKvkyfavonf/ vlxk\axmufcHtm;ay;rI rsm;pGm&½SdcJhonf/ tpm<br />

iwfcH ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdk;xJavxJ0ifvmí tm;ay;Muonf/ vlxkBuD;uvnf; rdk;xJavxJrSmyif vmítm;ay;<br />

Muonf/ tpmiwfcHpOf oHk;pGJ&efaq;0g;rsm; awmifyHk&myHk jzpfaeayonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;zcifBuD; q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmf<br />

rIdif;u &ifxkremjzifh tpmiwfcHausmif;om;rsm;xH arwåmo0PfvTm ay;ydkYcJhavonf/<br />

yxptpdk;&onf ausmif;om;trsm;pk\ qEúdk qefYusifvsufyif½Sd\/ ynma&;0efBuD; a'gufwm{armifu<br />

]tpdk;&rSm &efolrsKd; (6) yg; 0dkif;wdkufaew,f} [kajymqdkNyD; ]ausmif;om;rsm;tm; &efoleHygwf (1)} wGifxm;í ajym<br />

qdkavonf/<br />

uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJonf tqufrjywf t½Sdef½SdcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh &[ef;oHCm<br />

awmfrsm;ESifh vlxk\ axmufcHrIjynfh0pGm &½SdcJhayonf/ vTwfawmftrwfrsm;yif vTwfawmftwGif;ü ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

wifjycsufudk tav;ay; ajymqdkvmcJhonf/ awmif;qdkcsuf (4) csufteuf tpdk;&onf wpdwfwa'oudk vdkufavsmrnf<br />

[k uwday;vmonf/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1961 rS 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xkcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(c-5) uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&; wdkufyGJumvwGifusif;yaom Auorsm;tzJGYcsKyfuGefz&ifU<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifU<br />

(1961 ck? pufwifbmv 30 &ufrS atmufwdkbmv 4 &ufaehtxd)<br />

EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHBuD;udk wjynfvHk;½SdwJh<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS ausmif;om;udk,fpmvS,faygif; (243) OD; wufa&muf<br />

onf/ nDvmcHBuD;rS 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;? trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&;? uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;<br />

a&; a½SUvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qHk;jzwfjy|mef;vdkufonf/ yxptpdk;&\ 'Drdkua&pDcsKd;azmufrIESifh ausmif;om;qE´ESifh<br />

qefYusifpGm jyKrlrIrsm;udk nDvmcHu jyif;xefpGm ½Iwfcsvdkufonf/ pkpnf;nDñGwfpGm wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;&eftwGuf wdkkufyGJyHkpHudk<br />

atmufygtwdkif; csrSwfvdkufonf/<br />

(1) a&wdkwdkufyGJ<br />

(2) a&&SnfwdkufyGJ<br />

a&wdkwdkufyGJ<br />

uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf ,ckESpfydkif; tBuD;rm;qHk;? tiftm;taumif;qHk;? wefzdk;t½SdqHk;?<br />

txufjrufqHk; wdkufyGJBuD;wckudk zefwD;um oufqdkif&mwm0ef½SdolwdkYtm; awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0if&ef vdkayonf/ þ<br />

xufjruftm;aumif;aom wdkufyGJBuD; w&yfqifETJEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf ausmif;om;xktwGif;ü<br />

ynma&;oabmxm;rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf jrifodonfhtwdkif; pnf;½Hk;aqG;aEG;Mu&rnf/ igwdkYESifh rqdkif[laom<br />

oabmxm; ausmif;om;twGif;0,f r½Sdatmif BudK;yrf;½Sif;vif;wifjyum ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; 'ifjynfhtm;jynfh<br />

yg0ifaom wdkufyGJyHkpHwckudk a½G;cs,fvIyf½Sm;Mu&rnf/ þwdkufyGJwGif 'Drdkua&pDcsKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;? uarmufur<br />

ynma&; zsufodrf;a&;wdkYudk OD;wnfMu&rnf/<br />

a&½SnfwdkufyGJ<br />

a&½SnfwdkufyGJ[lonf igwdkYausmif;om;rsm;u qGJac:aom wdkufyGJr[kwf oufqdkif&mwm0ef½Sdol tpdk;&\<br />

oabmxm;ay:wGif wnfonf/ igwdkY\ uarmufurynma&; zsufodrf;a&;onf rSefuefonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yf<br />

vHk;uvnf; tm;½SdpGmaxmufcHonf/ &[ef;½Sifvljynfol w&yfvHk;uvnf; taustvnfoabmayguf odjrifum<br />

þwdkufyGJudk axmufcHonf/ EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uyif igwdkY\wdkufyGJudk axmufcHvmMuonf/ odkYaomf oufqdkif&m<br />

tpdk;&u oabmxm; wif;rmvGef;onfhtay:wGifum; igwdkY\ uarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJrSm a&½SnfwdkufyGJtoGifodkY<br />

a&mufEdkifonf/ a&½SnfwdkufyGJonf ausmif;om;xkvIyf½Sm;rIomru oabmw&m;a&;&m wdkufyGJvnf;yg0ifonf/<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> &Jabmfrsm;onf ,aeY ynma&;rwnfNidrfrIudk ausmif;om;xk? jynfol? &[ef;ESifh vlwef;pm;rsm;xH csOf;uyfum<br />

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

uarmufurynma&;<br />

zsufodrf;a&;wdkufyGJumvtwGif;<br />

ac:qdkusif;yaom Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&muGefz&ifUudk 1961 ck?<br />

pufwifbm 30 rS atmufwdkbm 1-2-<br />

3-4 aehrsm;wGif usif;ycJUonf<br />

671

672<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

axmufcHrI&atmif aqG;aEG;&rnf/ jzefYcsdwifjyEdkif&rnf/ tpdk;&\ ynma&;oabmxm; rrSefrI? wdusrSefuefaom<br />

ynma&;pepfrJhrI? wnfNidrfajzmihfrwfaom oabmxm;r½SdrIESifhwuG ynma&;uarmufurjzpfrIrsm;udk wifjypnf;½Hk;<br />

Mu&rnf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif ynmoifMum;rItajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;twGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjy<br />

awmif;qdkMu&rnf/ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;ESifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymifvJa&;twGuf jynf<br />

axmifpktwGif;½Sd vlxkvlwef;pm;? vlxkudk,fpm;vS,frsm;? woD;yk*¾vrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; aygif;pHk<br />

yg0ifaom trsKd;om;ynma&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yfudk usif;yum ,aeYwdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&; vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;ta&;ESifh<br />

wdkif;jynfxlaxmifa&;twGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom oabmxm;udkvnf; igwdkYausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;<br />

em;vnfMu&rnfom jzpfayonf/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; r&½SdbJ? jynfwGif;trsKd;om;pD;yGm; wnfaqmufrIr&Edkif/<br />

wqufwnf;rSmyif ausmif;om;wdkY\ b0tajctaeESifh ynmoifMum;rI tajctaerSmvnf; wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;vmrnf<br />

r[kwfay/ þtcsufudkvnf; tav;teufxm;um þuarmufurynma&;wdkufyGJESifh qufpyfazmfxkwf oGm;&rnf<br />

jzpfayonf/<br />

tm;aumif;aom ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJrsm;udk qufvufpnf;½Hk; vkyfudkif&efjzpfNyD; wdkufyGJvkyfief;pOf w&yf<br />

tjzpf &efukef? [Hom0wD? yJcl;? om,m0wD? tif;pdefc½dkifwdkY yg0ifaom (5) c½dkif ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJBuD;udk<br />

&efukefNrdKUwGif jyKvkyf&ef nDvmcHwGif wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/<br />

nDvmcHusif;yaepOftwGif; aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGufvmonf/ aemufqufwGJ pmar;yGJ<br />

atmifpm&if;xGufvmaomcg ausmif;om;rsm; tm;wuf0rf;ajrmufMu\? tcsKdUuauseyfMu\/ tqufrjywf awmif;<br />

qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJhaom tcsuf (1) ckom &½SdNyD; usef (3) csuf usefaeonf/<br />

(c-6) ig;c½dkifqE´jyyGJ<br />

&efukef? tif;pdef? [Hom0wD? yJcl;? om,m0wDwdkYrS ausmif;om;xkyg0ifaom (5) c½dkif ausmif;om;xk<br />

qE´jyyGJBuD;udk Edk0ifbmv (14) &ufaeY uefawmfrifyef;jcHü usif;yonf/ qE´jyyGJrwdkifrDtwGif; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf<br />

onf pnf;½Hk;a&;wm0efcH trIaqmifrsm;onf (5) c½dkifa'orsm;odkY jzefYqif;um cufcJBuD;pGm jyifqif&avonf/<br />

aiGaMu;cufcJrI jyóemrsm;? yxptpdk;&\ ydwfyifwm;qD;rIrsm;? Ncdrf;acsmufrIrsm; &ifqdkifí jyifqif&av\/<br />

ynma&;0efBuD; a'gufwm{armifonf yJcl;odkYa&mufvmNyD; (5) c½dkifqE´jyyGJwGif yJcl;tpdk;&ausmif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

ryg0ifap&ef q&mrsm;u jyKvkyf&rnf[k ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;rsm;odkY trdefYay;avonf/ &efukef &Jrif;BuD;rSmvnf;<br />

uefawmfrifyef;jcHwGif qE´jycGifhudk ray;bJxm;avonf/ tcsdefeD;uyfrS qE´jycGifhjyKonf/ om,m0wDc½dkifrS ausmif;<br />

om;rsm;onf um;iSm;r&í &xm;jzifhcsDwufMu&\/ rdk;ndKrSausmif;om;rsm;vnf; um;r½Sdí (10) rdkifc&D;udk vrf;<br />

avQmufNyD; rif;vSodkY vm&\/ yJcl;rS ausmif;om;rsm;onf ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;\ ydwfyifrIudk qE´jyqefYusifNyD;<br />

qE´jyyGJodkY csDwufvmMu&avonf/ qE´jyyGJwGif ausmif;om;aygif; (4000) cefYyg0ifavonf/ &efukefwNrdKUvkH;odkY<br />

(10) rdkifausmfcefY c&D;½SnfcsDwufNyD; qE´jyMu\/ jynfolvlxk\axmufcHrI wcJeuf&½Sdonf/ vli,f? trsKd;orD;<br />

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS c&D;½SnfcsDwufqE´jyyGJ vrf;c&D;wavQmufwGif a&rsm;? tazsmfrsm; qD;BudKwdkufauR; avonf/<br />

NrdKUvlxku xrif;xkyfrsm;ay;í ulnDavonf/ xrif;xkyfxJwGif aiGrsm;? aq;vdyfbl;rsm;? axmufcHtm;ay;pmrsm;<br />

xnfhoGif;í ay;Muavonf/<br />

jynfolvlxk\ qE´tavsmuf jzpfay:vmrIudk tpdk;&taeeJU rSefuefat;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; 'Drdkua&pD<br />

qefYusifaom tMurf;zufenf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcJhonf/ &JtzGJUudk wkwfay;í rauseyfí aoewfxkwfay;&mrS ,cktcg<br />

oHcsyfumum;awG wyfqifNyD;aMumif; ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;zGJUcsKyf Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef;u zdESdyf<br />

csKyfcs,frI uefYuGufa&;ESifh uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&; (5) c½dkif ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJwGif ajymMum;oGm;\/<br />

¤if;qE´jyyGJwGif (5) c½dkifrS ausmif;om; (2000) ausmf wufa&mufMu\/ udkcifarmiftkef;u qufvufajymMum;&mwGif<br />

1961 ckESpftwGif; vlxkqE´jyyGJrSm yxp 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&aMumifh vl (3) a,muf aocJh&NyD;jzpfonf/ azazmf0g&Dv<br />

(21) &ufaeY e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;qE´jyyGJwGif (2) a,mufESifh Edk0ifbm (10) &ufaeY Zmwf½Hka½SUqE´jyyGJwGif (1)<br />

a,muf aocJhonf/ 'DtjyKtrlawG qufvufusifhoHk;ae&if yxptpdk;&[m ykvdyftpdk;& jzpfvmrnfjzpfaMumif;/<br />

yxptpdk;&[m ykvdyfjyóem aomif;ajcmufaxmifudk tcGifhta&;,lNyD; e,fcsJUvkyfMuHrIESifh ppftmPm½SiftEÅ&m,fawG<br />

udk pdk;&drf&aMumif;? owif;pmtm;vHk;u tpdk;&&JU 'Drdkua&pDqefYusifaom Oya'zsufodrf;&ef ta&;qdkvmaMumif;?<br />

owif;pm? ausmif;om;? &[ef;? ukefonf? trIxrf;awGudk &efoltjzpf aMunmvmwJh tpdk;&[mb,folrS udk,fpm;jyK<br />

Edkifrnf r[kwfaMumif;? ausmif;om;xk&JU rSefuefwJhawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk atmifjrifonftxd wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rnfjzpf

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1961 rS 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xkcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(tay:)<br />

21? 2? 1961<br />

&efukefc½kdifausmif;om;rsm;o*¾rS<br />

BuD;rI;usif;yaom<br />

uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&;<br />

ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJ<br />

(tv,f)<br />

1961 ck? pufwifbmv<br />

(10-11-12) &ufaehrsm;wGif Auo?<br />

wuo? &uowdkhrS<br />

BuD;rSL;usif;yaom<br />

uarmufurynma&;zsufodrf;a&;<br />

em&D (50) tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJ<br />

(atmuf)<br />

(5) c½kdifausmif;om;rsm;<br />

uarmufurynma&;pepftm;<br />

c&D;½SnfcsDwufqE´jy uefhuGufpOf<br />

r[mAE¨Kvvrf;axmifUü awGY jrif&yHk<br />

673

674<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

aMumif; ajymMum;oGm;onf/ [Hom0wDc½kdif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f udkxifausmf? &efukefc½dkifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong> udk,fpm;vS,f udkzdk;xif? yJcl;c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> udk,fpm;vS,f udkaZmfjrifh? om,m0wDc½kdif ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>udk,fpm;vS,f udkxGef;½SdefwdkY toD;oD; rdefYcGef;ajymMum;Mu\/<br />

wef;cGJwef;cspepf &yfqdkif;ypfa&;? ESpfcgusausmif;xkwfpepf rusifhoHk;a&;? ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifh<br />

oHk;a&;? trsKd;om;ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;ya&;? vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk tMurf;zufajz½Sif;aeaom yxptpdk;<br />

tm; ½IwfcsaMumif;? rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS zrf;xm;aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; vTwfay;a&;ESifh 0&rf;½kyfodrf;a&;?<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;cGifh ay;a&;? owif;pmrsm;\ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;wdkufyGJtm; axmufcHaMumif;?<br />

jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk aphpyfaqG;aEG;í wnfaqmuf&ef tqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;qHk;jzwfMu\/<br />

ausmif;om;xkonf pepfwuswef;pDxm;NyD; uefawmfrifyef;jcHrSxGufum a½Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rS NrdKUwGif;odkY<br />

c&D;½Snf csDwufvSnfhvnf qE´jyMu\/ a½Twd*Hkbk&m;vrf;rS AdkvfcsKyfvrf;? Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;vrf;? r[mAE¨Kvvrf;?<br />

armfwifusKHBuD;vrf;? qlavbk&m;vrf;wdkYrS tpOfvdkuf wef;pDvSnfhvnfvmNyD; NrdKUawmfcef;ra½SU r[mAE¨Kvvrf;<br />

ay:wGif pk½Hk;í tcrf;tem; ½kyfodrf;vdkuf\/ c&D;½SnfcsDwuf&mwGif usKH;BuD;vrf;ESifh (13) vrf;xdyf ta&mufwGif<br />

&efukefc½dkifrS udkrsKd;0if;? yJcl;c½dkifrS udkjr0if;wdkY rl;arhoGm;í tif;pdefodkY ydkYvdkuf&onf/<br />

(*) wuúodkvftwGif;rS *,ufrsm;<br />

Edk0ifbmv (11) &uf wuúodkvfaumifpDtpnf;ta0;rS csrSwfcJhaom &efukefwuúodkvf jrefrmpmXmewGif<br />

ygarmu©csKyf OD;{armiftm; jyefvnfcefYxm;&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/ xdkudpöESifhywfoufí jrefrmpmXme ygarmu©csKyf<br />

tjzpf acwå0ifa&muf trIxrf;vsuf½Sdaom OD;0ef\bufawmfom;rsm;u qlyluefYuGufí vIyf½Sm;rIjzpfatmif zefwD;Mu<br />

onf/ OD;{armifESifh OD;0efjyóemwGif rludkab;csdwfNyD; wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;onf yk*¾dKvftmPmudk a½SUwef;odkY<br />

xkwfcJhonf/ OD;0efbufrS wyfOD;uacgif;aqmifí vdkufygvmavonf/ ygarmu©OD;0ef vufxufwGif udkbaumif;?<br />

udk,k paomolrsm;udk jrefrmpmXmewGif uxdursm; cefYaomaMumifh wyfOD;rsm;u OD;0efudk aus;Zl;qyfonfhtaeESifh<br />

qlyluefYuGufMuoavm[k xifjrifp&mrsm; jzpfvmonf/ ygarmu©OD;0ef vufxufwGif udkbaumif;? udk,kESifhwuG<br />

tjcm;wyfOD;acgif;aqmif (7) OD;tm; ta&;ay:q&mrsm;tjzpf cefYxm;cJhavonf/<br />

(C) rEåav;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rS OD;pD;í pepfopfudk qefYusifuefYuGufonfh qE´jyvSnhfvnfyGJudk<br />

pufwifbmv (9) &ufaeY wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif usif;y\/ ausmif;om; (1000) cefY rD;wkwfrsm;jzifh pepfopfudk<br />

qefYusifonfh a

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1961 rS 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xkcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

udk,fpm;vS,f OD;xGef;a0u pepfopfpmar;yGJpepfudk wESpfa½TUay;&ef awmif;qdkonf/ odkYaomf pmar;yGJpepfopfudk<br />

pufwifbm (18) &ufwGifjyKvkyfrnf[k qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/ tpnf;ta0;NyD;qHk;aomtcg wyfOD;twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

udkatmifol? udkrif;ausmf? udkolawmfwdkY 0efBuD;ESifh 'k-t"dywdtcef;wGif vma&mufawGUqHkonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;<br />

aqmifrsm;ESifhawGU&m wyfOD;acgif;aqmifrsm;u pufwifbm (14) &ufaeYu jzpfyGm;aomudpörSm rdrdwdkY acgif;aqmifí<br />

jyKvkyfjcif; r[kwfaMumif; 0efBuD;tm; wifjyonf/ xdkYaemuf wyfOD;opfESifh tiftm;wdkYu 0efBuD;tm; 0ifawGUMuonf/<br />

ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awGUtNyD; n (6) em&DwGif xGufvmaom 0efBuD;OD;{armiftm; ausmif;om;xku<br />

0efBuD;tm; pepfopfzsufodrf;&efESifh 'k-t"dywdOD;bpdefudk jzKwfay;&ef ta&;qdkMu\/ 0efBuD;u ]'k-t"dywdeJhrdkh<br />

ausmif;om;awG raowm? igvdkvlomqdk&if ausmif;om;awG aoukefNyD? &efukefrSmom 'Dvdkjzpf&if aoewfeJhypfcdkif;rSm}<br />

[k ajymMum;vdkufonf/ pufwifbmv (15) &ufaeY nujzpfyGm;aom udpöESifhywfoufí 'k-t"dywd ODbpdefu<br />

¤if;\tdrfudk cJESifhypfzsufqD;&mwGif acgif;aqmifonfh wyfOD;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfaom udkpdk;0if;atmif? udkatmifol?<br />

udkrif;ausmf? udkaomif;a½T? udkolatmif? udkbMunf? udkcifarmif0if;? udktkH;ausmfESifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS udkrsKd;jrifh<br />

wdkY (9) OD;tm; ta&;,l&ef atmifawmfrl&JXmeodkY wdkifMum;\/ ausmif;om;acgifaqmif (9) OD;udk yk'fr (147)?<br />

(149) jzifh ta&;,lxm;\/ ¤if; (9) OD;udkyif ta½SUydkif;&J0efaxmuf OD;apmpdefu &JwdkY\ tvkyfwm0ef0wå&m;<br />

aESmifh,SufrIjzifh ta&;,l&efwdkifMum;í yk'fr (149)? (353) ESifh ta&;,lxm;\/<br />

xdkESpf pepfopfpmar;yGJudk pufwifbmv (18) &ufaeYwGif pwifjyKvkyf&m vufeufudkif&Jrsm;udk pmar;<br />

yGJcef;teD;wGif pmar;yGJrprDuyif 0dkif;0ef;apmifhMuyfapavonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfodkY a&muf½Sdaeaom 'k&JcsKyf OD;bat;?<br />

&Jrif;BuD; OD;b&DwdkY\nTefMum;csuft& wkwfudkif? 'dkif;udkif? vufeufudkif&Jrsm;udk BudKwifcsxm;\/ eHeufydkif;wGif<br />

(1433) OD;teuf (906) OD; 0ifa&mufajzqdk&m 63.22%? naeydkif;wGif (683) OD;teuf (417) OD;0ifa&mufajzqdk&m<br />

61.05% &SdcJhonf/ pmar;yGJrprD wyfOD;ausmif;om;tcsKdUu tzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk oem;MuygOD;[k<br />

a

676<br />

Source: Oway Magazines<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

OD;AaqGav;<br />

(1961-62)<br />

bdkuav;Zmwd jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; tzJGU0ifwOD;jzpfonf/ 1959-60 wGif wuo aiGxdef;<br />

tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/ 1959 ckwGif Oya'0dZ¨myxrESpf wufa&mufcGifh wuúodkvf½Hk;rS y,fzsufaMumif;<br />

aMunmaomfvnf; ygarmu©csKyfudk,fwdkif rodvdkufaom jyKrlcsufaMumifh ygarmu©csKyfrS0efcHNyD; oludk,fwdkif<br />

ausmif; jyef0ifcGifhay;cJhonf/ 1960-61 wGif wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§muf<br />

cH&onf/ 1961-62 aemufqHk; wuo\ Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½GufcJhonf/<br />

1962 Zlvdkif (7) &ufaeYwGif wuo tpnf;ta0;cef;rü aemufqHk; w&m;a[mcJhNyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmufttHkudk<br />

&Jrsm;0ifa&mufzrf;qD;&m tzrf;cH&onf/ 1963 ck? {NyDv (1) &ufaeY vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdefYt& jyefvGwf<br />

vmonf/<br />

1963 ck wuúodkvfrsm; jyefzGifhaomtcg wuo ae&ma[mif;wGif wJxdk;í wuojyefvnfzJGUpnf;a&; vkyfief;<br />

rsm; jyefvnfvkyfaqmifcJhonf/ odkYaomf jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;vIyf½Sm;rI t½Sdeft[kefjr§ifhvmojzifh ¤if;vIyf½Sm;rIudk<br />

tav;xm;vkyfaqmif vmMuonf/ wuo? Auo? &uowdkYu jynfolYaumfrwDESifh nd§EIdif;í ajcmufc½dkifNidrf;<br />

csrf;a&; qE´jycsDwufyJGudk vHIaqmfcJhonf/ 1963 ck? Edk0ifbmv (14) &ufaeYwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJG ysufjym;NyD;<br />

zrf;qD;rIrsm; pwifjyKvkyfvmonf/ ¤if;aemuf ausmif;rsm;ydwfvdkufaMumif; aMunmcJhNyD; ppfwyfrS wuúodkvf<br />

twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufpD;eif;NyD; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; twif;tusyf tdrfjyefydkYcJhonf/ wuo ,m,DwJudk zsufqD;<br />

ypfvdkufonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif trsm;tjym; tzrf;cH&onf/ udkAaqGav;ESifh tjcm;ausmif;om;<br />

acgif;aqmifrsm; wdrf;a½SmifaeMuNyD; AuyodkY awmcdkoGm;Muonf/ (<strong>or*¾</strong><strong>pmpOf</strong>? twJG- 1? trSwf (3)? Zlvdkifv<br />

2005? qJAif;Zlvdkif- odkhr[kwf- ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>tpOftvmudkazsmufzsufjcif;? armifrkef;atmif)<br />

1967 ckESpf (yGifhvif;&moD) wGif {&m0wDwdkif;? iodkif;acsmif;NrKdUe,f? anmifyifomESifh awmifMum;acsmif;½GmtMum;<br />

cv& (36) ppfaMumif;udk jzwfawmufwdkufcdkuf&m ¤if;wdkufyJGwGif usqHk;onf/ A[dkwyfrSvmaom udkAaqGav;<br />

udk,fwdkif awmif;íwdkufaom wdkufyJGjzpfonf/ Auy&JabmfwpfOD;rS udkAaqGav;tm; (55) vrf;pOform;<br />

jzpfwJhtwGuf A[dkrSao'Pfay;NyD;om; jzpfwJhtwGuf ¤if;wdkufyJGwGif vkyfMuHowfjzwfcJhaMumif; 0efcHcJhonf/<br />

(vufa&;rl- udk,fawGY MuHK&olwOD; jyefvnfajymjycsuf - &JabmfcspfaxG;- A[dkuif;wyfzJGU- - 15^2^2007?<br />

OD;odef;0if;)<br />

wdk;wufaom ausmif;om;vufa&;[k xif½Sm;aomvuf0JpmvHk;udk wDxGifa&;om;cJholjzpfonf/<br />

({&m0wDtifwmeufpmrsufESm? b0½kyfyHkvTmu@? wifrdk;- AaqGav; odkYr[kwf vuf0JpmvHk;wDxGifol)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

(u) Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkBuD;<br />

(7) &uf Zlvdkifvta&;awmfyHkonf zufqpfqefaom zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; vIyf½Sm;rIBuD; w&yfyifjzpfonf/<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;wGif 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;aemufydkif; wcgrSray:aygufcJhbl;ao;aom &ufpufrIvnf; jzpfonf/ þ<br />

ta&;awmfyHkwGif wdkif;jynf\ tem*wf om;aumif;&wemrsm;pGm a&wdrfepfcJh&onf/ &efukefwuúodkvf e,fajronf<br />

&J&JeDaom ausmif;om;xk\ aoG;rsm;acsmif;pD;rwwf jzpfcJh&onf/ wuúodkvfy&0PfwckvHk; usnfqefESifh ,rf;aiGUrsm;<br />

vTrf;rdk;cJhonf/ ppfwvif;yrm tavmif;csif;xyfum jrifraumif;aom ½Icif;onf wuúodkvftm; ted|m½kHum;csyf<br />

BuD;tjzpf zefwD;cJhonf/<br />

(c) jzpfay:vmyHk tajccHtaMumif;t&if;rsm;<br />

tcef; (25)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI<br />

'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&SifpepfqefYusifa&;ESifY trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif;<br />

(1962)<br />

þrQ qdk;½Gm;jyif;xefvSaom ta&;awmfyHkBuD;\ tjzpftrSef jzpf&yftajccHudk tav;teuf oHk;oyfzdkY<br />

vdkonf/ þZlvdkifta&;awmfyHkonf ppfwyftmPmydkifrsm;\-<br />

(1) xif&mpdkif;í igwaumaumvdkaom ppf0g'ppfrme?<br />

(2) ausmif;om;xktay:wGif xm;½SdcJhaom zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; tmCmww&m;?<br />

(3) jynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;xk\qE´jzpfaom Nidrf;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;a&;rludk ypfy,fum tMurf;zufenf;udk<br />

oHk;pGJjcif;wdkYrS aygufzGm;vmjcif;jzpfonf/<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI ordkif;wavQmufvHk;udk jyefMunhfvQifvnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ tMurf;zuf0g'ESifh usL;<br />

ausmfolrsm;uom þjzpf&yfqdk;rsKd;udk aygufzGm;apcJhaMumif; txift½Sm; awGU&ayrnf/ udkatmifausmfonf Nidrf;csrf;<br />

pGmqE´jy&if; e,fcsJUorm;wdkY\ tMurf;zufESdrfESif;rIatmufwGif usqHk;cJh&onf/ zqyvvufxufwGifvnf; atmuf<br />

wdkbmta&;awmfyHkonf tmPmydkifwdkY\ wrifzefwD; usL;ausmfrIrsm;rS aygufzGm;vmonfh tMurf;zuf ESdyfuGyfrIBuD;yif<br />

677

678<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

jzpfonf/ [,f&Dwefta&;awmfyHkonfvnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ csKdU,Gif;csufudk vlowfvufeufjzifh ajz½Sif;vdkufMu<br />

jcif;jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xkurauseyfí qE´jyaomtcg tMurf;zufenf;udkoHk;vsuf vufeufjzifhvlowfí ESdyfuGyf<br />

vdkufMuonf/ 1961 ck rEÅav;wuúodkvf\ pepfopfta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk MunfhvQifvnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ wzufowf<br />

csrSwfxm;aom tajzESifh taopGJudkifrI? aemufqHk;tMurf;zufrIudk awGU&onf/ oifMum;rIrjynfhpHkaom pmar;yGJpepf<br />

wckudk twif;csrSwfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u yxrOD;pGm vdktyfaeaom ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? q&mrsm; wdk;<br />

csJUyg? þoifMum;rI tajctaersm; rjynfhpHkrDumvwGif pepfopfudk &yfqdkif;xm;[lí wifjycJhonf/ odkYaomf tmPmydkif<br />

wdkYonf vdkufavsmhrIrjyKcJhbJ aemufqHk; pufwifbmvwGif vufeufjzifh tMurf;zufajz½Sif;vdkufonf/ ausmif;om;<br />

tajrmuftrsm; 'Pf&m&cJhonf/ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;? 0&rf;ESifhqkaiGrsm; xkwfjcif;? ausmif;rS xkwfy,fjcif;wdkYudk<br />

jyKvkyfí jyif;xefpGm zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhMuonf/<br />

þordkif;pOfrsm;udk jyefMunfhvQif ausmif;om;wdkufyGJtm;vHk;ü tmPmydkifwdkY\ usL;ausmfrI? tMurf;zufrI?<br />

ausmif;om;xkESifh jynfolYqE´ ypfy,frIrsm;udk awGU&ayonf/ wqufwnf; ausmif;om;xk\ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoif<br />

Mum;a&;udk cspfjrwfEdk;jcif;? Nidrf;csrf;pGm qE´jyenf;jzifhom awmif;qdkvIyf½Sm;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ppfwyftpdk;&onf<br />

wufvmpOfuwnf;u Adef;aAgif;wD;íxGufvmonf/ xdktmPmodrf;yGJwGif ausmif;om; pyfrDrDodkufrSm paw;cHvdkuf&onf/<br />

tmPmodrf;NyD; oufwrf; (3) v twGif;rSmyif ausmif;om;xktm; zdESdyfa&;vkyfief;udk pwifvmayonf/ ynma&;<br />

XmeESifh vHk;0rtyfpyfbJ ppfwyfoP²mefygaom pnf;urf;rsm; csrSwfvdkufMuonf/ csrSwf&mwGif ausmif;om;xk<br />

qE´,ljcif;? n§dEIdif;jcif;vHk;0r½SdbJ aMumfjimbkwfwGif trdefYxkwfenf;rsKd;jzifh wzufowf csrSwfcJhonf/ pnf;rsOf;\<br />

tESpfom&ydkif;onf zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&;owfowfudkazmfjyvsuf vkyfrlvkyf[efonf ppf0g'ESifUppfrme? igwaumaum<br />

aom zufqpfvu©Pmudk aqmifaeonf/ tmPmydkifwdkY\ xdkvkyfief;onf ppfrSefaom pnf;urf;rsm;jzpfonfh wdkifatmif<br />

ratmifjrifEdkifaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efom jzpfayonf/<br />

pnf;urf;wck atmifjrifa&;onf-<br />

(1) ¤if;pnf;urf;onf vdkufem&rnfh olrsm;\ b0ESifh [yfrd&ef?<br />

(2) vdkufem&rnfh olrsm;udk,fwdkif todESifh,SOfí vufcHvm&efwdkY vdkayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xk\qEúdkr,ljcif;? n§dEdIif;rIrûyvkyfjcif;wdkYonf b0ESifh[yfrdaom pnf;urf;rsm;jzpfrvmjcif;\<br />

tajccHjzpfayonf/ wzufowf ppfrdefYqefqef csrSwfí ZGwftwif;vdkufemapjcif;onf todESifh,SOfívufcHvma&;<br />

udk r&,lEdkifaom vkyf[efomjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ppfwyftmPmydkifwdkY\ pnf;urf;onf tESpfom&a&m vkyf[eft&yg<br />

rSm;,Gif;cJhonfrSm xif½Sm;vSayonf/ ausmif;om;xkrSm pnf;urf;xm;½Sda&;udk rltm;jzifhvufcHaMumif; twdtvif;<br />

wifjycJhonf/ wqufwnf;wGif txufygtwdkif; ausmif;om;xkqE´,la&;? q&m? ausmif;om;ESifh tmPmydkifwdkY<br />

oHk;OD;oHk;zvS,f n§dEIdif;a&;qGJa&;? todESifhvufcHvmatmif ynmay;a&;wdkYudk jyKvkyf&ef tBudrfBudrf wifjycJhonf/<br />

odkYaomf tmPmydkifrsm;\ rsufESmpHknDawGUqkHcGifhudkyif cg;cg;oD;oD;jiif;y,fum wuo\ wifjycsufudk vHk;0Oayu©m<br />

jyKcJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;xktaeESifh b0ESifh[yfrdaom todjzifh vdkufemEdkifaom pnf;urf;rsm;t& ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkif<br />

tkyfcsKyfcGifhudk &,lvkdonf/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhonf <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ tpOfwpdkufawmif;qdkcJhaom tcGifhta&;<br />

vnf; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh ½Sdjcif;tm;jzifh-<br />

(1) ausmif;om;rsm;\b0udk ausmif;om;rsm;u ydkrdkxdawGUod½Sdjcif;?<br />

(2) 'Drdkua&pD tkyfcsKyfrIpepfudk vufawGUusifhoHk;í tavhtusifhjzpfvdkjcif;?<br />

(3) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk xda&mufpGm umuG,fEdkifjcif;?<br />

(4) q&m? ausmif;om; em;vnfrI ydkrdk&½SdEdkifjcif; wdkYaMumifh <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;taeESifh tpOfwpdkufawmif;qdkcJh&jcif;<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhonf ausmif;om;rsm; xif&mvkyfa&;twGuf r[kwfbJ q&m? ausmif;om; n§dEdIif;rIjzifh<br />

pepfuspGm tkyfcsKyfa&;om jzpfayonf/ xdkodkY tajccHusaom ausmif;om;xk\ wifjycsufrsm;udk vHk;0Oayu©mjyKjcif;<br />

cHcJh&avonf/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk cspfjrwfEdk;aom ausmif;om;xkonf Nidrf;csrf;pGm qE´jyawmif;qdkcJhonf/<br />

Nidrf;csrf;pGmvIyf½Sm;awmif;qdkrI? rsufESmpHknDajz½Sif;rIonf ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ tajccHrljzpfaMumif; ausmif;om;vIyf<br />

½Sm;rIordkif;u oufaocHvsuf ½Sdaeayonf/ vufeufrJholrsm;yDyD tMurf;zufrIudkvnf; rvdkvm;cJhay/ aygufuGJrIwdkif;<br />

vnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ usL;ausmfrIrS tMurf;zufrIrsm; ay:aygufvmaMumif;udkvnf; ordkif;jzpf&yfrsm;u txift½Sm;<br />

jyovsuf½Sdayonf/ Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkonfvnf; jzpfpOftrSefudk tmPmydkifwdkY\ usL;ausmfrI? tMurf;

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

zufrIrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;pGm jrif&ayonf/ tmPmydkifwdkY\wzufowf igwaumaumrIaMumifh jzpfay:vm&aom ausmif;<br />

om;jyóemtm; at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; vufeufpGJudkifí ajz½Sif;cJhMuayonf/<br />

(*) rjzpfyGm;rD ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfrIrsm;<br />

arv (9) &ufwGif-<br />

&efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk ½kyfodrf;onfUOya'<br />

EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ouú|onf atmufygOya'udk jy|mef;vdkufonf/<br />

1/ (1) þOya'udk 1962 ckESpf &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk ½kyfodrf;onfhOya'[k ac:wGifap&rnf/<br />

(2) þOya'onf csufjcif; tmPmwnfap&rnf/<br />

2/ (1) &efukefwuúodkvftufOya'udk þOya'jzifh ½kyfodrf;vdkufonf/<br />

(2) ,if;odkY½kyfodrf;onfhtcg-<br />

(u) jrefrmEdkifiHpum;&yf Oya'yk'fr (5) yg jy|mef;csufrsm; tusKd;oufa&muf&rnf/<br />

(c) &efukefwuúodkvfydkif ypönf;tm;vHk;onfvnf;aumif;? &efukefwuúodkvf\ a

680<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

ar;cGef;aygufMum;rI jyóemay:ayguf&jcif;rSm ynma&;Xmewm0efcHrsm;\ rormrI? csKdU,Gif;ysufuGufrI<br />

rsm;aMumifh jzpfonf[k Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ,lqcJhayonf/ tpdk;&tqufqufwkdYonf ar;cGef;aygufMum;rIrsm;twGuf<br />

oufqdkif&mwm0efcHrsm;udk ta&;r,lbJ ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHkcsum ajz½Sif;cJhayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;wGif tjypfr½Sd?<br />

xdkYaMumifh oufqdkif&mwm0efcHrsm;tm; tjypfay;jcif;? ta&;,ljcif; rjyKvkyfbJ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsypfjcif;?<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJy,fjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfum ausmif;om;rsm;tay:yHkcsenf;udk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfu tpOftjrJ<br />

uefYuGufcJhayonf/ xdkUjyif ZGefv (26) &ufaeYuvnf; wuorS ausmif;aqmifae&m r&ao;aom ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

twGuf ae&mr&ol (1300) ausmftwGuf taqmifjyóem ajz½Sif;ay;&ef wuúodkvfaumifpDrSwqifh ygarmu©csKyf<br />

OD;um (ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmomvS ae&ma&mufvmol) xH pmay;ydkY vdkufavonf/<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;jyefzGifhNyD;aemuf ausmiff;om;? ausmif;olrsm; vdkufem&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk<br />

wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmydkifrsm;u aMunmcJh\/ ,if;pnf;urf;csuf w&yftaeESifh ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;<br />

rsm;twGuf npmpm;csdefudk nae (6) em&DcGJrS (7) em&DcGJtxd ajymif;vJuefYowfay;&ef ZGefv (25) &ufaeYu<br />

jyKvkyfaom wuúodkvfo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rS ausmif;aqmifjyóemESifh ywfoufaom tpnf;ta0;rS awmif;qdk<br />

cJhonf/ xkdYjyif ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;om;rsm; nzuf ausmif;aqmifodkY jyef0ifcGifhudk n (8) em&Dtpm; n (11)<br />

em&Dtxd cGifhjyK&ef ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; a&;qGJ&mü ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u awmif;qkdonf/<br />

(C) wuúodkvfaumifpDudk zsufodrf;jcif;<br />

arv (10) &ufaeY? (1) em&DcGJwGif &efukefNrdKU? '*Hk&dyfomü EdkifiHawmfawmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ouú| AdkvfcsKyfBuD;<br />

ae0if;onf wuúodkvfaumifpDtzGJU udk,fpm;vS,f toD;oD;jzpfMuonfh ynmrif;BuD; OD;bdk;xdk? ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwm<br />

omvS? aq;wuúodkvfrS a'gufwmarmifarmifat;? a'gufwmarmifarmifc? NrdKUawmf0efOD;ausmfrif;? twGif;0ef OD;ausmf<br />

ñGefY? q&mBuD;OD;azarmifwif? OD;tkef;? ygarmu©rsm;jzpfonfh OD;vSoGif? OD;at;vIdif? OD;bwkwf? OD;atmifcif? a'gufwm<br />

bvSD tp½Sdonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; pkpkaygif; (28) OD;eJY awGUqHkcJhonf/<br />

AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;u-<br />

]]ausmif;awmfBuD;\ ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfysufaeonfh tajctaeudkajym&vQif ausmif;om;ESifhq&m olYr½dkao?<br />

ighr½dkaoqdkovdk jzpfaeonfhtcsuf jzpfw,f/ q&mavmua&m ausmif;om;avmua&m EdkifiHa&;ya,m*0ifvmaeMu<br />

w,f/ ½Sif;½Sif;ajym&vQif ta½SUtkyfpka&m? taemuftkyfpka&m ya,m*awG0ifvmaeMuw,f/ udk,fem;vnfxm;wJh<br />

q&morm;qdk&mrSm udk,fhzmomynmwwfae½HkeJY rNyD;bl;/ tusifhpm&dwåaumif;&rJhtjyif? tcufcJqHk; ywf0ef;usifvl<br />

trsm;&JU ½dkaorI&½Sda&;yJjzpfw,f/ þausmif;awmfBuD;rSvGJvQif ArmEdkifiHü ynmay;&rnfhtaqmufttHk r½SdawmhaMumif;?<br />

'Dtwdkif;qufoGm;ae&if wdkif;jynfb,fawmhrS aumif;rSmr[kwfbl;/ wuúodkvfavmuwGif tpdk;&tmPm½Sdol<br />

awGuvnf; 0ifa&mufNyD; EdkifiHa&;upm;aeMuw,f/ 'DuaeY aumifpDvlBuD;awGudk ac:NyD;ajym&wmuawmh wuúodkvf<br />

aumifpDudk zsufodrf;vdkufNyDqdkwmbJ}} ajymMum;cJhonf/<br />

1961-62 ynmoifESpf wuúodkvfaumifpDtzJGY<br />

(10? 5? 62 &ufaehwGif zsufodrf;cH&onf/)<br />

t"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkrSm awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\ xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;cHae&onf/<br />

1/ 'k-t"dywd OD;pHvGif<br />

2/ ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmomvS<br />

3/ ygarmu© rpöpfvif;pa';<br />

4/ a'gufwmudkudkav;<br />

5/ 0DvsHayg<br />

6/ a'gufwmausmfouf<br />

7/ a'gufwmvSoGif<br />

8/ a'gufwmqGef'&ef<br />

9/ OD;at;vIdif

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

10/ OD;bwkwf<br />

11/ ynmrif;BuD; OD;bdk;xdk<br />

12/ rpöwmwDaubGef; (bJGU&olrsm;udk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

13/ OD;pdefvS<br />

14/ OD;atmifaz<br />

15/ OD;ausmfjrifh<br />

16/ OD;xGef;wif<br />

17/ OD;at;armif (&efukefbm;aumifpD)<br />

18/ OD;zdk;apm (aq;aumifpD)<br />

19/ OD;yk (EdkifiHawmf&mxl;cefYxm;a&;tzJGU)<br />

20/ OD;ausmfrif; (&efukefaumfydka&;½Sif;)<br />

21/ OD;&m½Spf (ygvDrefudk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

22/ ocifcspf<br />

23/ OD;ausmfrif;<br />

24/ apmqdk[kef; (ygvDrefudk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

25/ OD;boif<br />

26/ OD;oef;armif<br />

27/ rpöwmwDyD0rf; (ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

28/ a'gufwmarmifarmifausmf (ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

29/ OD;jrwfxGef; (jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;q&mrsm;toif;udk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

30/ a'gufwmOD;azarmifwif (t"dywdudk,fpm;vS,f)<br />

31/ a'gufwmbvSD<br />

32/ OD;tkef;<br />

33/ OD;rdk;jrpf (ynma&;Xme)<br />

34/ OD;ausmfñGefY (b@ma&;Xme)<br />

35/ aq;odyHÜr[mXme-XmerSL;<br />

36/ tif*sifeD,mXme-XmerSL;<br />

37/ ynma&;r[mXme-XmerSL;<br />

38/ OD;armifarmifpdef (t&m½Sd^ armfuGef;xdef;-oifMum;a&;)<br />

39/ OD;vSatmif (t&m½Sd^ armfuGef;xdef;-tkyfcsKyfa&;)<br />

40/ aiGpm&if;t&m½Sd<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGYpnf;jcif;<br />

17? 5? 62 &ufaeh awmfvSefa&;aumifpD trdefhtrSwf (30)<br />

1962 ckESpf? arv (17) &ufaeYwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpD trdefYtrSwf (30) udk xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDudk jyefvnfzJGUpnf;cJhonf/<br />

t"dywd - AdkvfrSL;csKyfoef;az<br />

tzJGU0ifrsm; - AdkvfrSL;csKyfpef;,k<br />

AdkvfrSL;BuD;oef;pdef<br />

AdkvfrSL;BuD;wifpdk;<br />

ygarmu©csKyfOD;um<br />

rSwfcsuf- 61-62 zsufodrf;cHwuúodkvfaumifpD? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtrdefYtrSwf (30) wuúodkvfaumifpDjyefvnfzJGUpnf;jcif;-<br />

(&efukefwuúodkvf pdef&wkobif (2006)? xkwfa0- jynfolYbwfawmfom;rsm;? pm- 48? 49) rS ul;,lazmfjyonf/<br />

681

682<br />

(i) Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ta&;awmfyHkpwifjcif;<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

Zlvdkifv (7) &uf? aeYv,f (1) em&DwGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rS BuD;rSL;í ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf; ½kyfodrf;ay;a&;qE´jyyGJ usif;y&m<br />

obmywdtjzpf wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú| udkAaqGav;u aqmif<br />

½GufNyD;? tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf udkom'dk;u aqmif½Gufonf/ ausmif;om; (2000)<br />

cefY wufa&mufMuonf/ xdktpnf;ta0;wGif ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm; zsuf<br />

odrf;a&;? ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f yg0ifcGifhay;&ef?<br />

ausmif;aqmifvdkolwdkif; ausmif;aqmif&a&;twGuf ausmif;aqmifopfrsm;<br />

aqmufvkyfay;&ef? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fonfh ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm;udk ½kyfodrf;a&;<br />

twGuf uefYuGufyGJrsm;usif;yí qE´jyvSnfhvnf&ef qHk;jzwfonf/<br />

xdkYaemuf wuotaqmuftODa½SUwGif pk½Hk;um rEÅav;ausmif;aqmif?<br />

awmifilausmif;aqmif? '*Hkausmif;aqmif? a½Tbdkausmif;aqmif? t"dywdvrf;rS bGJU<br />

wuo aemufqHk;Ouú| udkAaqGav; ESif;obifudk t"dywdvrf;twdkif; pDwef;vSnfhvnfí wuoa½SUü vlpkcGJvdkufMu<br />

onf/<br />

pDwef;vSnfhvnf&mwGif-<br />

]rw&m;pnf;urf;awG tvdkr½Sd}<br />

]rw&m;csKyfcs,frIawG tvdkr½dS}<br />

]ausmif;aqmifawGudk tusOf;aqmifrvkyfeJh}<br />

]csKyfcs,frIawG tvdkr½Sd}<br />

]rw&m;pnf;urf;awG zsufodrf;}<br />

]ausmif;om;xk nDñGwfMu}<br />

xdkodkY a

Source: The Student Movement <strong>and</strong> Civil War in Burma: page-84 (unknown)<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

wJh ausmif;om;awGudkom enf;trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJNyD; zdESdyfcJUygw,f/ 'DaehwufvmwJUawmfvSefa&;tpdk;&[mvnf; ynma&;<br />

jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk rvkyfygbl;? trsKd;om;ynma&;twGuf pDrHudef;rsm;vnf; csrSwfjcif; r½Sdao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fU<br />

wuúodkvfynma&; tqifUtwef;edrfUusaerI[m pnf;urf;csKdY,Gif;rIawGaMumifU jzpfw,fqdkwJU urÇmrSmr½Sdao;wJU ynma&;<br />

oabmeJh ausmif;zGifUumpu pwifNyD; wif;usyfwJUpnf;urf;awGudk wzufowf vkyfaqmifvmygw,f/ pnf;urf;qdkwm<br />

Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;rsm;½kyfodrf;a&; pnf;a0;yJGtNyD; wuotaqmuftODrS ausmif;om;rsm;qE´jy&ef xGufvmMupOf<br />

683

684<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tkyfcsKyfolrsm;omrubJ vdkufem&rnfh ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifa&;qGJrSom obm0usygw,f/ usifhoHk;Edkif<br />

wJh pnf;urf;awGvnf; jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/ 'DaeY wzufowfa&;qGJxm;wJh pnf;urf;awG[m rlt&udk rrSefygbl;/<br />

wdk;wufwJhEdkifiHawGrSm taqmifawGudk udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhrsm;yif ay;aewJhumvrSm 'Dvdkwzufowf pnf;urf;awGeJY<br />

csKyfcs,fxm;wm[m &mZ0ifudk aemufjyefqGJovdk jzpfaeygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY[m txufwef;ynm oifMum;aeMu<br />

&olrsm; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh wOD;eJYwOD; ESD;aESmzvS,fcGifhqdkwmawG ½Sd&ygr,f/ 'grS ynma&;twGuf ydkrdk tusKd;jzpf<br />

Edkifygw,f/ 'Dvdkr[kwfbJ n (8) em&Dxdk;vQif taqmifwHcg;awG aomhcwf? tcef;wcef;rS tcef;wcef;odkY rul;&?<br />

udk,fhpm;yGJudk,fxdkif? pmzwf pnf;urf;rvdkufem&if ausmif;aqmifrSxkwfwJhenf;[m vufawGUrSmrjzpfEdkifygbl;/ 'gwif<br />

ruao;bJ xrif;auR;csdefudk eHeuf (10) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dtxdjcm;wm[m vufawGUrSm ausmif;om;awG 'ku©<br />

a&mufMuygw,f/ 'gawGaMumifh ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tkyfcsKyfola&m? vdkufemolyg yl;wGJn§dEdIif;NyD; pnf;urf;awG jyefvnfqGJzdkY<br />

awmif;yefygw,f/ vuf½Sd pnf;urf;awGudkom qufvufusifhoHk;vQif atmifjrifp&m vrf;r½Sdygbl;/ zdESdyfa&;twGuf<br />

pnf;urf; trnfcHomjzpfygvdrfhr,f}} [k ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;onf eD&Jaom cGyfa'gif;tvHudk avxJvTifh? ydkpwmrsdK;pHkudk udkif? a½SUqHk;rSm BuD;rm;vSaom<br />

cGyfa'gif;tvHBuD;udk jzefYvsuf ausmif;om; (10) a,mufcefY udkifaqmifvmMuonf/<br />

]]&JabmfwdkY ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk pwifrjyKvkyfbJeJY csKyfcs,fa&;pnf;urf;awGudkom pepfwus<br />

vkyfaqmifaewmudk uRefawmfwdkY qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? trsKd;om;ynm<br />

a&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf a½SUvkyfief;udk qufvuf vkyfaqmif&vdrfhOD;r,f? rw&m; ausmif;aqmifpnf;urf;awGudk<br />

vnf; ½kyfodrf;zdkY vufwGJwdkuf&OD;rSm jzpfw,f/ 'DwdkufyGJawGtwGuf taumif;qHk;vufeuf[m ausmif;om;xknDñGwf<br />

a&;yJ? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ukd r&raewnfaqmufNyD; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>&JU cGyfa'gif;tvHatmufrSm pkpnf;nDñGwfNyD;<br />

qufvuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;MuygpdkY}} [k trIaqmifwOD;u qE´jyyGJ ed*kH;csKyfrdefYcGef;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODa½SUwGif ay;NyD;<br />

aemuf us,favmif ½Snfvsm;vSaom vufckyfoHrsm;jzifh ed*kHk;csKyf rdefYcGef;qHk;oGm;avonf/<br />

(p) tMurf;zdESdyfrIpwifNyD<br />

qE´jyyGJNyD;aomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>aqmif vufbuf&nfqdkifwGif xdkifaeMuonf/ taqmuftOD<br />

atmufxyfwGif rkefYpm;olpm;? aumfzDaomufolaomufESifh ½Iyfvsuf½Sdonf/ taqmuftOD tay:xyfwGif c½dkiftoif;<br />

wckonfvnf; armifr,fopfvGif BudKqdkyGJjyKvkyfvsuf½Sdonf/ xdktcdkuf t"dywdvrf;zufrS um;oHk;pD; <strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuf<br />

tODa½SUxdk;&yfNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;udk vdkufvHzrf;qD;aeonf/ wdkufyHktusÐ0wfxm;olrSeforQudk vdkufzrf;onf/ ausmif;<br />

om;rsm; zrf;qD;&mwGif wuoOuú| udkAaqGav;? AuoOuú| udkouf? udkÓPf0if;? udkpdk;wifh? udk&Jjrifh? udkxdef0if;?<br />

udkMunfñGefY? udk0if;Munf? udkwifaiG? udkcsKdwdkYudk &efukef&JtzGJUu wuotaqmuftODay:wGif zrf;qD;&rdvdkufonf/<br />

xdkowif;onf taqmifwckvHk; jyefYoGm;NyD;aemuf ]]ausmif;om;awG vmMua[h? igwdkh acgif;aqmifawG<br />

zrf;aeNyD}} [k owif;jyefYoGm;onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf taqmifwdkif;rS xGufvmum <strong>or*¾</strong>xJ0if&ef BudK;pm;Muonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;&m &Jrsm;udk jyefvnfckcHum ]ykvdyf tvdkr½Sd?} ]&J tvdkr½Sd}ponfjzifh atmf[pf<br />

Muonf/ wuo taqmuftODESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifwGif½Sdaom rEÅav;ausmif;aqmifESifh tr&ausmif;aqmifrS<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u cJrsm;jzifh aygufMuonf/ oxHk? yJcl;ausmif;aqmifrS ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; cJrsm;jzifh ykvdyfrsm;udk<br />

ypfí ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;rIxyfrvkyfEdkifatmif umuG,fMuonf/ cJaygufrIrsm;jym;vmí ykvdyfrsm; wuúodkvf0if;<br />

tjyifodkY qkwfcGmay;vdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dywdvrf;½Sd wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufMuonf/<br />

nae (4) em&DwGif oD;oefY&JtzGJUrS &Jom; (100) cefYonf t"du½kPf; ESdrfESif;a&;um; (2) pD;? aoewfudkif<br />

wyfrawmfum; (5) pD; a&mufvmonf/ 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGif? 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;ausmf? 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;armifarmifc<br />

vufaxmuf&Jrif;BuD; OD;vSaiGwdkY urm½Gwf&JXmewGif a&muf½Sdaeonf/ oD;oefY&Jrsm;u rsuf&nf,dkAkHk; (7) vHk; ypf<br />

azmufvdkufonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u qufvuf qE´jya

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

qufvufqE´jyaeí aemufxyfAkH; (4) vHk; xyfí azmufonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; vIyf½Sm;rI tenf;i,f &yfqdkif;oGm;aomf 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifonf ausmif;om;rsm;qD<br />

odkYoGm;NyD; ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; xGufyg[kajym&m udkusif? udkpdef0if;? udkxGef;ausmf? udk0if;ñGefY? wuúodkvf<br />

t&Hwyf&if;rS ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;aom udkvSxGef;wdkY xGufvmMuonf/ 'k-AdkvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifu qlylrIudkxdef;ay;u<br />

rdrdwdkY&Jrsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;ay;rnf[k ajymonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;aom udkvSxGef;\tusÐudk<br />

0dkif;ícRwfNyD; ppfOD;xkyfudk abmfvHk;vdkvkyfNyD; uefMuonf/ xdkYaemuf qE´jyrIrsm;? cJypfrIrsm; qufvuf jzpfyGm;vmMuNyD;<br />

oD;oefY&Jrsm;u rsuf&nf,dkAHk; (6) vHk;xyfrHypf&m rsuf&nf,dkAHk;aMumifh 'Pf&m&oGm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tcsif;<br />

csif;az;rí taqmiftwGif;odkY ac:,loGm;onf/<br />

nae (5) em&D (45) rdepfwGif 'k-AkdvfrSL;BuD;pdefvGifu &Jrsm;udk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;NyD; ppfwyfudk tapmifhcsvdkuf<br />

aomtcgwGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf t"dywdvrf;zufodkY ay (20) cefY qkwfoGm;NyD; ygarmu©csKyfOD;um\ pudk'g<br />

p^659? ausmif;½kH;ykdif abmufp*Gef p^6203 udk vrf;ray:odkY wGef;vmNyD; rD;½dIUvdkufMuonf/<br />

ausmif;om;rsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmNyD; qE´jyrIjrifhrm;vmum a

Zlvdkifv (7) &uf ausmif;om;ESifU&J<br />

tjyeftvSef y#dyu©jzpfyGm;NyD;<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;xyfrH zrf;qD;rIrvkyfEdkif&ef<br />

t"dywdvrf; t"dut0ifayguf wHcg;BuD;udk<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;u ydwfxm;vdkufonf<br />

686<br />

rEåav;aqmifESifU<br />

tr&aqmifESpfckMum;rS<br />

qE´jya

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

4/ udkwifvIdif yk*Haqmif tdkifat (c)<br />

5/ udkwifxGef; waumif;aqmif bDat (at)<br />

6/ udkpdk;0if; jynfausmif;aqmif tdkifat (bD)<br />

7/ udkat;Munf aeYausmif;om; tdkifftufpD (at)<br />

8/ udkcifOD; yif;,aqmif bDat (bD)<br />

9/ udkatmifrif; aeYausmif;om; bDtufpD (bD)<br />

10/ udkxGef;Nidrf; rEÅav;aqmif bDat (bD)<br />

11/ udkxGef;vIdif oxkHaqmif bDat (bD)<br />

12/ udkcspfatmif oxkH (3) vrf; bDtufpD (bD)<br />

13/ OD;zdk;pdef "gwkaA'enf;jy<br />

14/ udkaxG;Edkif rEÅav;aqmif bDat (bD)<br />

15/ udkausmfodef; *kHavQmfpuf? tvkyform;<br />

16/ rpöwmtm*,Drif; wHwm;jzLae<br />

17/ armifpdefoD tvkyform;wef;vsm;<br />

18/ udkpm&Dvdwf OypmodyÜH (c)<br />

19/ udkaevif; Oypm (u)<br />

20/ udkÓPf Oypm (c)<br />

21/ udkwif½Sdef jynfaqmif 0dZÆm (u)<br />

22/ udkausmfrif; yJcl;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)<br />

23/ udkwifatmif yJcl;aqmif 0dZÆm*kPfxl;<br />

24/ udkjrifhvGif waumif;aqmif 0dZÆm (u)<br />

25/ udkbaomf yk*Haqmif Oypm (c)<br />

26/ udkatmifjrifh yif;,aqmif Oypm (c)<br />

27/ udk*geywf yif;,aqmif 0dZÆm*kPfxl;<br />

28/ udk[ife&D yif;,aqmif Oypm (u)<br />

29/ udkjrwfNidrf; rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (u)<br />

30/ udkxGef;jrifhqefeD Oypm (u)<br />

31/ udkarmifarmifvwf Oypm (c)<br />

32/ udkvSatmif 0dZÆmwef;<br />

33/ udkcifOD; 0dZÆm (c)<br />

34/ udkrdk;pdef 0dZÆmodyÜH<br />

35/ udkpwefavaomif; OypmodyÜH (c)<br />

36/ udkoef;a|; OypmodyÜH (u)<br />

37/ udka½Tat;(c)tuf'0yfat; t&yfom;<br />

38/ udkpdefwD t&yfom;<br />

39/ udkpdk;0if; t&yfom;<br />

40/ udkjrifhodef; t&yfom;<br />

41/ udkpE´&mwm; a½Tbkdaqmif? rmvDrSL;<br />

42/ OD;pdefarmif vuform;<br />

43/ armifpdef0if; pufrIvufrIausmif;om;<br />

44/ udkcspfarmif puffrIvufrIausmif;om;<br />

45/ rjrifhjrifh wuúodkvf0if;? t&yfol<br />

46/ roef;&if wuúodkvf0if;? t&yfol<br />

687

688<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

tzrf;qD;cH&olrsm;<br />

1/ udkjynfñGefY awmifilaqmif 0dZÆm (u)<br />

2/ udkwifaiG (45)? tmwD;,m;vrf; OyZÆm (u)<br />

3/ udkwifxGef;(c)udkodef;xdkuf OyZÆm (u)<br />

4/ udkcspfarmif tr&aqmif 0dZÆm (c)<br />

5/ udk0if;Munf rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)<br />

6/ udkxdef0if; rEÅav;aqmif 0dZÆm (c)<br />

7/ udkb&if oufBuD;wuúodkvf 0dZÆmodyÜH (u)<br />

8/ udkouf Auo-Ouú| 0dZÆm*kPfxl;aemufqHk;ESpf<br />

9/ udkBuD;pdef OypmodyÜH (u)<br />

10/ udkÓPf0if; &uo-twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

11/ udkAaqGav; wuo-Ouú|<br />

12/ udkouf0if; yJcl;aqmif OypmodyÜH (c)<br />

13/ udknDav;(c)udk&Jatmif ynmwefaqmifausmif;<br />

14/ udkapmr& tif;0aqmif 0dZÆm (u)<br />

15/ udkcsKdcsKd(c)udkjroef; oxHkaqmif 0dZÆmodyÜ H(c)<br />

16/ udkrif;atmif(c)atmifatmif awmifilaqmif Oypm (c)<br />

17/ udkxGef;wif aq;odyÜHaemufqHk;ESpf<br />

18/ udkcifxGef; atmufMunfhjrifwdkifvrf; t&yfom;<br />

19/ udkav;jcpf(c)udkwifvIdif trSwf (72)? vdIifjrpfvrf; t&yfom;<br />

20/ udkwifat; awmifilaqmif<br />

21/ udk0if;Munf rEÅav;aqmif<br />

pm&if;rjyEdkifol? aysmufqHk;ol ausmif;om; (40) yg0ifonf/<br />

(Z) wuotaqmiftODBuD; NzdKcGJjcif;<br />

1962 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (8) &uf? eHeuf (6) em&DwGif wuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftODudk 'dkif;erdkufjzifh NzdKcGJypf<br />

vdkufavonf/ e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpfqefYusifa&;? trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;ordkif; rSwfwdkifBuD;jzpfaom<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODBuD;udk rdkufrJpGm NzdKcGJvdkufonf/ xkdrQESifh r&yfao;bJ wm0eft½SdqHk;yk*¾dKvfjzpfaom<br />

awmfvSefa&;aumifpD Ouú| AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;u ]¤if;taqmuftODrSm ausmif;om;rsm;udk tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfum ausmif;<br />

tmPmydkifESifU tpdk;&udk ykefuefvIHYaqmfonfUtaqmuftOD jzpfvmaMumif;ESifU ajratmufolykefrsm; vQKdY0SufqufoG,f&m<br />

XmecsKyfBuD;jzpfí Mum½SnfcGifUrjyKEdkifojzifU NzdKcGJvdkuf&aMumif;? "g;"g;csif;? vSHvSHjcif;}[k ajymqdkoGm;avonf/ odkYaomf<br />

wuoonfvnf;aumif;? Auoonfvnf;aumif; raoqHk;? tNzdKcGJrcH&ay/ ausmif;om;ordkif;onf qufvuf<br />

xGef;ajymifaernf? ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIonf qufvuf½Sifoefaernfom jzpfonf/ trSefw&m;onf rnfodkYaom<br />

tcgrQ zHk;uG,fír&ay/ xm0&wnfjrJaeaom trSefw&m;twGuf trSefw&m;bufawmfom;rsm;u qufvuf avQmuf<br />

vSrf;aeMuOD;rnf? trSefw&m;udk qefYusifolrsm;vnf; ½SdaeOD;rnf? ausmif;om;ESifh ausmif;rsm;onfvnf; qufvuf½Sd<br />

aeOD;rnf/<br />

(wzufpmrsufESmrS yHkrsm;)<br />

tay:- wuotaqmuftOD aY½S½Sd<br />

Adkvfatmifausmfausmufwdkifudk<br />

tysuftqD;rsm;Mum;wGif þodkhawGY&onf<br />

atmuf- (*) &ufaeh reuf (6) em&DwGif 'dkif;erdkufESifU<br />

azmufcJGzsufqD;tNyD; ½Sif;vif;aeMupOf

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy Source: Unknown<br />

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1962 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ppftmPm&Sifpepfqefhusifa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif<br />

689

690<br />

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;<br />

1962 ck? Zlvdkifv (12) &ufaehxkwf [Hom0wDowif;pm a½SYrsufESmzHk;wGif Zlvdkif (7) &ufta&; aemufqufwJGjzpf&yfrsm;udk þodkhazmfjycJhonf<br />

(tay:^0Jzuf- om;aoqHk;aMumif;od&í aiGa

(1)<br />

À trSefw&m;&JU<br />

&rufuGef,ufxJ<br />

igh -<br />

awmfvSefa&;twåawG<br />

0JysHoGm;w,f/<br />

(2)<br />

À twdwf&mZ0ifqdk;<br />

yJhwifoH[m<br />

tmPmpufoHrPdtdrfudk<br />

jymcs<br />

&J&ifhwJhtem*wfrsKd;qufysKd<br />

urÇmraMuwJh vufoD;qkyfxJ<br />

tm;rmef<br />

acgif;ndwfwcsuf<br />

tjyHK;wvSnfh<br />

tpfudkBuD;opfykwfyif<br />

uMunfh<br />

'gayr,fh<br />

ppfbdeyfoHawG<br />

ppfaoewfoHawG<br />

ppfrsuf&nf,dkAHk;awG<br />

ppf*ef;ydkufvHk;awGaMumifh<br />

olYtoJtrm&Gwfu<br />

awmufacgufaew,f/<br />

À uHhaumf<br />

pdefyef;<br />

pG,fawmfawG[m<br />

'@m&Dr[kwfwJh<br />

usnfqHawGudk<br />

a'gormefeJY<br />

tHBudwfMunfhaew,f/<br />

a'gif;&moDjynfawmfvSefa&;<br />

À rm,meJU vSnfhpm;xm;wJh<br />

ayvTmawG<br />

jcaoFh (2) aumifu<br />

[m;wdkuf&,farm<br />

csKd;jzLwdkY&JUcg;oD;yHk&dyf<br />

tdk;a0wdkY&JUawmifvdkyHkwJh<br />

[pfa

692<br />

oefYpify,f½Sm;<br />

'Drdkua&pDtysKd&nfzsufol<br />

vlYtcGifhta&;yef;a>col<br />

jynfolYtaoG;udkaomuf<br />

tom;udktjrnf;yGJvkyfaewJh<br />

rdpämewfqdk;arG;pm;<br />

rdef;rysuf&JUom;<br />

bmr[kwfnmr[kwf<br />

vlpGmvkyf<br />

bmrxl;nmrxl;<br />

wPSmcyf½l;½l;eJY<br />

yv’ifay:wuf<br />

rsKd;rppfwJh<br />

[dk[mpm;wJh<br />

0pDyg'fawGeJY xkwfydk;<br />

0dyguBudrfwHeJY<br />

&mZ0wfom;awG<br />

uGyfrsufwJh<br />

cHukef;rSm -<br />

rif;&JUtm;rmefeJY<br />

ajrjr§KyfoN*KØ[fay;cJhyg<br />

]r[m{&m0wD} a& - /<br />

(4)<br />

À a&½dkif;<br />

ajr½dkif;u<br />

yef;½dkif;awG<br />

uEÅm&rJhtkdatppfawGjzwf<br />

ppfrJh&yf0ef;qDtoGm;<br />

odu©mysufyumawG&JU<br />

w&m;ysufwJhpum;<br />

tem;rowfwJhoGm;Mum;rSm<br />

[dkrSmwpfyGifha

(7)<br />

À awmfvSefa&;<br />

ESvHk;ysuftm;aq;<br />

aomufcsifolrsm;<br />

awmfvSefa&;<br />

aemufxrsm;<br />

awmfvSefa&;<br />

aiGpkpmtkyf<br />

vkyfcsifolrsm;<br />

awmfvSefa&;<br />

rsufrSefpdrf;<br />

wyfMunfholrsm;<br />

'Dolrsm; -<br />

'Dolrsm; -<br />

]upäye'D} a&<br />

rif;&JUvIdif;eJY<br />

o,faqmif<br />

a&atmufocsØKif;rSm<br />

eef;awmfwnfaqmuf<br />

olwdkYudk<br />

urÜnf;wif<br />

ae&may;vdkufyg/<br />

(8)<br />

À aEG[m -<br />

&moDtdrfr[kwf<br />

oP²mef½kyfryD<br />

a0'emav[yf<br />

iSufzsm;pGJuyfaew,f/<br />

À trSm;zufwJh w&m;ysufawG<br />

ykwD;wzufudkudkif<br />

ightwGufqdkwJh<br />

rmewufwJh<br />

pum;tufawGeJU<br />

"g;wpfvufudkqGJ<br />

ighaqGighrsKd;<br />

y&rJhawGzuf<br />

'ku©dwpmaA'<br />

aoewfwpfvufudkxrf;<br />

tkdemusKd;uef;<br />

'óeduawGwyfqif<br />

um&efrJhtqdyfawGvTwf<br />

waqGvufopf<br />

toGifeJY<br />

aEGobm0udkzsuf<br />

'Dawmh -<br />

jcpfjcpfawmuftylcsdefrSm<br />

ukwftusÐxlxl0wf<br />

rD;xdkifvIHae&w,f/<br />

À aEGxJuwaygif;<br />

waygif;xJu vli,fopfwdkYpsmye<br />

waygif;xJu oHzaemifhatmuf<br />

jzLpifwJhvGwfvyfa&;yef;yGifhrsm;<br />

waygif;xJrS awmfvSefa&;awGx<br />

aerif;u rsufaxmifheDeJYMunfh<br />

ik0gcufay:u rsuf&nfpuftwGuf<br />

wdrfoufwefYawGyifhouf½dIuf<br />

aeMuw,f/<br />

À aEG&JUt&dyf[m<br />

avjyifudkjzwf<br />

½dk;rudkazmuf<br />

awmifawGudkausmf<br />

wdkufyGJ0ifvG,ftdwfvG,f<br />

aoG;*vJhpm;<br />

OD;xkyfudkaqmif;<br />

tpdrf;a&mif<br />

oHvGifcufudkcsD<br />

trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf<br />

,rf;aiGUudky,f<br />

(4) &ufaeYtysKdrudk<br />

u,fwifzdkY<br />

a'gif;jynfudk<br />

jzefYusufcJhao;w,f/<br />

(9)<br />

À rdk;[m<br />

ZGef? Zlvdkif&JU<br />

*E¦0iftedpöawG<br />

jyefac:n§d<br />

Mo*kwfv&JUaeUopfrSm<br />

yef;ykxktoday;<br />

teufa&mifpufwifbmaeYudk<br />

tkwf*loGif;zdkY<br />

uwdjyKvdkufw,f/<br />

693

694<br />

À ezm;BudK;wyfcH&wJh<br />

csnfwdkifuEGm;<br />

jcHapmifhacG;<br />

nwa&;Edk;<br />

tdyfa&;ysufoHeJY<br />

iSuf½kyfqdk;aMumif;<br />

rdk;pufyGifhvuFmawG<br />

om;aMumjywf<br />

rsKd;qufopfuAsmawG<br />

udk,f0efysufusoGm;w,f/<br />

À rdk;xJurkwfokH<br />

rkwfokHxJrSm<br />

a½T0ga&mifpyg;ESHawG<br />

OD;armh<br />

rkwfokHxJrSm<br />

pmtHoHawGwdwf<br />

rkwfokHxJrSm<br />

awmfvSefa&;awGquf<br />

wdrfjymutm;ay;<br />

a0[ifuvufckyfwD;<br />

ESif;qDjzLawG tm;wufcJhMuw,f/<br />

À rdk;&JUedrdwf[m<br />

a&jyifudkMuufajccwf<br />

urf;ajcudkajy;uyf<br />

ajcmufaoGUrIudkab;iwf<br />

ppfiwfrGwfolwdkYtwGuf<br />

Zmwfodrf;cef;c&mrIwf<br />

ppfESvHk;emolwdkYtwGuf<br />

at;Nidrf;wJhyef;awmfquf<br />

trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf<br />

cJawmifhawGy,f<br />

(4) &ufaeY tysKdrudk<br />

vufqGJEIwfqufzdkY<br />

a'gif;jynfudk<br />

vTrf;jcHKcJhao;w,f/<br />

(10)<br />

À ESif;ouú&mZfpuf<br />

jrLcdk;em&DtdkrSm<br />

tvif;a&mifawG<br />

pkwfjyJjcpm;<br />

tpawG zGmvefMuJ<br />

,Ofaus;rIawGrIdwuf<br />

'DZifbmaqmif;[m<br />

tyl'D*&DqufcJh&w,f/<br />

À aoG;r&SdwJh<br />

t"r®0g'D<br />

ayw&mrSm tMurf;zuf<br />

jynfolawG toufquf<br />

aqmif;tvSawG ysufcJh&w,f/<br />

À aqmif;xJu ESif;&nf<br />

ESif;&nfxJu rsKd;qufawG<br />

b0udkay;<br />

tnMw toufawGpaw;<br />

awmfvSefa&;u aoG;ykwfudkaq;<br />

yv’ifodrf;yGJ<br />

½IH;edrfholawG<br />

usdefpmqdk<br />

vrif;rsufvHk;rSm<br />

ta&mif[yf<br />

ydawmufeJYtwl<br />

ryGifhwJhca&awG<br />

a

(11)<br />

À tzdk;rIdif;a&<br />

trsKd;½dkif;awGu<br />

½kyfawGudkcsKyfaESmif<br />

pdwfawGudkydwfavSmif<br />

cHpm;rIawGysufjym;<br />

qmavmifawGBuD;xGm;<br />

aygufuGJrIudk<br />

avjzwfatmif<br />

taoowfaew,f/<br />

À tzqef;a&<br />

trsKd;uef;awGaMumifh<br />

vufxdyftopfeJY<br />

tdyfr&wJhn<br />

ausmcif;topfeJY<br />

tusOf;cswJhn<br />

a'gufajcusOf;eJY<br />

wdkufydwfcH&wJhn<br />

tdyfrufr[kwfwJh<br />

'Dn -<br />

'Dn -<br />

awmfvSefa&;rsufpdn<br />

a&wdrfepfatmif<br />

vkyfaeMuw,f/<br />

À tzdk;rIdif;eJY<br />

tzqef;a&<br />

awmfvSefa&;u 'l;raxmuf<br />

awmfvSefa&;u OD;rñGwf<br />

awmfvSefa&;u t½HI;ray;<br />

awmfvSefa&; tzsuform;rsm;<br />

pdwfawGarSmufrSm;<br />

aoG;avacsmufjcm;aew,f/<br />

(12)<br />

À tztdk&JU rajywJha

696<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rI "gwfyHktcsKdU<br />

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (wuo)<br />

taqmuftODwGif usif;ycJUaom tpnf;ta0;<br />

'kwd,urÇmppftNyD;u &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

wuúodkvfaumifpDcef;r<br />

t"dywdvrf;qE´jyyGJ (,mzufü tvHudkifNyD;qE´jyaeolrSm<br />

udkvSa0jzpfonf/ 1988ckESpfaemufydkif;ü<br />

vlYabmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD\<br />

vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;tjzpf urm½GwfNrdKYe,frS<br />

pm&if;wifoGif;NyD; a½G;aumufyGJrwdkifrDw&ufü e0wrS<br />

zrf;qD;jcif;udkcHcJU&onf/)<br />

tif;0aqmifaY½SqE´jyyGJ (0JrS,m xdkifaeolrsm;udkcifarmiftkef;?<br />

udkatmifcif? udkeefZifvm)<br />

Source: Dr KTT (ASO's Students Movement Source: Unknown<br />

Source: Dr KTT (ASO's Students Movement Source: Dr KTT (ASO's Students Movement

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|rsm;<br />

(1930-1962)<br />

1/ udkausmfcif 1930-31<br />

2/ udkxGef;pdef 1931-32<br />

udkbdk;ul; / udkxGef;pdef EkwfxGufí Mum;jzwfa½G;aumufyJGjzifh a½G;cs,fonf/<br />

3/ udkpHazmfatmif 1932-33<br />

4/ udkodef;armif 1933-34<br />

5/ udkzdk;at; 1934-35<br />

6/ udkEk 1935-36<br />

7/ udk&m½Spf 1936-37<br />

8/ udkb*srf; 1937-38<br />

9/ udkatmifqef; 1938-39<br />

udkA[def; / udkatmifqef; oufwrf;ukefatmif raqmif½GufbJ wdkYArmtpnf;t½Hk;<br />

odkY 0ifoGm;í udkA[def; qufvufaqmif½Gufonf/<br />

10/ udkvSa½T 1939-40<br />

11/ udkAaqG 1940-41<br />

12/ udkvSarmif 1941-42<br />

('kwd,urÇmppftwGif; wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> zJGYpnf;jcif;r½Sdyg/)<br />

13/ udkoef; 1945-46<br />

14/ udkoef;armif (ol&d,) 1946-47<br />

15/ udkpdefvS 1947-48<br />

16/ udk&efa0; 1948-49<br />

17/ udkarmifarmifausmf 1949-50<br />

18/ udkudkav; 1950-51<br />

19/ udkpdefbef; 1951-52<br />

20/ udkudkBuD; 1952-53<br />

(1953-54 wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> a½G;aumufyGJysufí wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> r½Sday/)<br />

21/ udkwifxGef; 1954-55<br />

22/ udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) 1955-56<br />

23/ udkpodef;[ef 1956-57<br />

24/ udkpdk;odef; 1957-58<br />

25/ udkcifarmiftkef; 1958-59<br />

26/ udkvSwif 1959-60<br />

27/ udkwifat; 1960-61<br />

28/ udkAaqGav; 1961-62<br />

697

698<br />

aemufqufwJG

To<br />

..............................<br />

..............................<br />

..............................<br />

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

All BURMA STUDENTS’ CONFERENCE<br />

- 1 -<br />

Date ..............................<br />

1. The above Conference will be held in Rangoon coming the third week of April,<br />

1936, (most probably on the 21st <strong>and</strong> 22nd of April, 1936, the exact date <strong>and</strong><br />

place will be notified later) under the auspices of the Rangoon University Boycotters’<br />

council.<br />

2. The session will last two days.<br />

3. All schools <strong>and</strong> Colleges can send delegates to this CONFERENCE, <strong>and</strong> a fee of<br />

Rs. 1/- will be levied for each delegate.<br />

4. Free messing <strong>and</strong> accommodation for the delegates will be provided by the Rangoon<br />

University boycotters’ Council during the Conference. But delegates will have to<br />

bear their own travelling expense.<br />

5. All Students wishing to attend as delegate are requested to inform the Rangoon<br />

University Boycotters’ Council either individually or collectively.<br />

6. The number of delegate is not limited.<br />

7. These attending to attend the Conference are requested to send to the Rangoon<br />

University Boycotters’ Council, before the 10th of April, 1936 all resolutions to be<br />

moved at the Conference.<br />

8. All delegate arriving at Rangoon are requested to report at the Headquarters,<br />

Rangoon University Boycotters’ immediately on arrival in Rangoon. Previous<br />

intimation of time <strong>and</strong> date of arrival should also be sent.<br />

Conference Section,<br />

University Boycotter’s Council<br />

Shwedagon Pagoda,<br />

Rangoon.

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ tkyfcsKyfa&; - pnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

tcef; (1)<br />

trnf<br />

1/ / þtzGJUudk ]ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyf} [k ac:wGifap&rnf/ (a½SUqufvufíum;<br />

twdkcsKH;í ]Auo} [k ac:a0:vdrfhrnf/)<br />

rSwfcsuf- <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;tzdkY? ausmif;eHrnfESifh c½dkiftvdkuf NrdKUe,fwGJí ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

cGJ[k ac:qdk&rnf/<br />

&nf½G,fcsuf<br />

2/ / þtzGJU\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;um;/<br />

(1) urÇmw0Srf;vHk;½Sdausmif;om;rsm;ESifh ae&mwdkif;wGif &ifabmifwef;í wOD;ESifhwOD; jzLpifaomarwåmjzifh<br />

qufqH&ef/ aygif;oif;qufqH pnf;vHk;um ausmif;om;avmuBuD;udk wnfaxmif&ef/<br />

(2) ausmif;om;wdkif; ausmif;olwdkif;tm; um,Av? ÓPAvESifh pm&dwåzGHUNzdK; &ifhoef aumif;rGefap&ef/<br />

(3) ausmif;om;wdkif; ausmif;om;wdkif;tm;? wkdif;cspfjynfcspf pdwf"gwfESifh vGwfvyfaom pdwf"gwfrsm;<br />

arG;jrLay;&ef/<br />

(4) wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk od½Sdem;vnf&efESifh ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifEdkif&ef/<br />

(5) ArmEdkifiH\ ynma&;tqifhtwef;udk jr§ifhwif&efESifh ausmif;om;rsm;\ &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;<br />

rsm;udk w&m;aomenf;vrf;jzifh awmif;qdkEdkif&ef/<br />

(6) ArmEdkifiH\vGwfvyfa&;wnfwHhrIwGif ausmif;om;tiftm;pkonf wkd;wufaomwyfOD;tjzpfESifh yg0if<br />

Edkif&ef jzpfayonf/<br />

3/ / txufygyk'fr (2) wGif azmfjyaom &nf½G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifap&ef <strong>or*¾</strong>\ atmufygvkyfief;rsm;udk<br />

aqmif½Gufrnf/<br />

(1) urÇmw0Srf;vHk;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHEdkif&eftwGuf/<br />

(u) urÇmvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyfESifh qufoG,fyl;aygif;rnf/<br />

(c) EdkifiHjcm;odkY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;apvTwfjcif;? EdkifiHjcm;rS ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vnfrsm; zdwfMum;<br />

jcif;tm;jzifh rdrdausmif;om;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHtoD;oD;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;\ &if;ESD;pGm qufoG,frI<br />

udk BudK;yrf;rnf/<br />

(2) ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; um,Av? ÓPAv? pm&dwåAv? rdwåAv? zGHUNzdK;&ifhoef aumif;rGefap&ef/<br />

wkdif;cspfjynfcspf pdwf"gwfESifh vGwfvyfaom pdwf"gwfrsm; arG;jrLay;&ef wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk od½Sdem;<br />

vnf&ef ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifEdkif&ef wdkYtwGuf-<br />

(u) pum;&nfvkyGJ? aqG;aEG;yGJ? a[majymyGJrsm; usif;yjyKvkyfay;jcif;?<br />

(c) oifwef;rsm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;?<br />

(*) pmpDpmukH;NydKifyGJrsm; jyKvkyfay;jcif;?<br />

(C) pm½Gufpmwrf; pmapmifrsm; ½dkufESdyfxkwfa0jcif;?<br />

(i) pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfay;jcif;?<br />

(p) tdrfwGif;upm;rIrsm;ESifh jyifyupm;rIrsm;udk tm;ay;í NydKifyGJrsm;usif;yay;jcif;?<br />

(q) ausmif;om;rsm;ESpfouf&m? 0goemyg&m? aqG;aEG;yGJ tzGJUi,frsm;zGJUpnf;ay;jcif;?<br />

(1) t*Fvdyfpm? (2) jrefrmpmay? (3) EdkifiHordkif;? (4) yx0D?<br />

(5) ywf0ef;usifavmuESifhoufqdkif&m? (6) odyÜHynm? (7) wl&d,m?<br />

(8) um,AvESifh tm;upm;? (9) EdkifiHa&;ynm? (10) tzGJUi,fwdkY jzpfonf/<br />

(3) ArmEkdifiH\ ynma&;tqifhtwef;jr§ifhwif&ef/ ausmif;om;rsm;\tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,f&efESifh<br />

ArmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&; wnfwHhrIwGif ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>onf wdk;wufaom wyfOD;tjzpf yg0ifEdkifa&;<br />

twGuf-<br />

- 2 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

(u) urÇmw0Srf;vHk;½Sd EdkifiHtoD;oD;\ ynma&;pepf ynma&;0g'udk qnf;yl;avhvmjcif;/<br />

(c) ynma&;ESifhywfowfí jyKjyif&ef? csJUxGif&ef vdktyfonfrsm;udk oufqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS<br />

awmif;qdkjcif;/<br />

(*) pmrwwfol yaysmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Gufjcif;/<br />

(C) EdkifiHa&;ynmESifh EdkifiHa&;0g'toD;oD;udk vGwfvyfpGm avhvmqnf;yl;jcif;/<br />

(i) ausmif;om;wyfzGJUpnf;í ppfynmavhusifhjcif;/<br />

rSwfcsuf- yk'fr (6) rysufcifpyfMum; þ (i) tydk'fwGif ausmif;om;&Jacgif[k eHrnfajymif;í<br />

ppfynmvufawGUavhusifhjcif;rS acwå&yfpJxm;&rnf/<br />

(p) ausmif;om;rsm;onf rnfonfhygwD *dkPf;*Prqdk vkyfief;pOfudkufnDvQif tultnDay;jcif;?<br />

yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/<br />

- ausmif;om;tusdK;twGuf wckwnf;omjzpf&rnf/<br />

- wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;jyóemrsm;<br />

- ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;rS qHk;jzwfaomrlESifh vrf;pOfrsm;jzpfcJhaom þjyóemtoD;<br />

oD;rsm;udk aqmif½GufEdkifonf/<br />

tcef; (2)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;ESifU <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifa&;<br />

1/ / ArmEdkifiH rnfonfhausmif;rsKd;rqdk? pmayoif,lavhvmqJ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkif; <strong>or*¾</strong>0iftjzpf<br />

vufcH&rnf/<br />

2/ / txufyg tcef; (2)? yk'fr (1) t& atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkolrsm;udkom <strong>or*¾</strong>0if<br />

tjzpfvufcH&rnf/<br />

(u) touf (10) ESpf jynfh&rnf/<br />

(c) udk,fusifhw&m;aumif;rGefí <strong>or*¾</strong>\aus;Zl;opömudk apmifhod½dkaooljzpf&rnf/<br />

(*) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap (odkYr[kwf) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmif tzGJU0ifjzpfap<br />

¤if;yk*¾dKvfrsm;xJrS ESpfOD;u tusifhpm&dwåaumif;aMumif; tmrcH&rnf/<br />

(C) <strong>or*¾</strong>\&nf½G,fcsufESifh pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk em;vnfvdkufemEdkifol jzpf&rnf/<br />

(i) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUrS tcsdeftcgESifhavsmfnDpGm owfrSwfaom0ifaMu;ESifh ESpfpOfaMu;aiGrsm;udk ajyvnf<br />

atmif ay;oGif;Edkifolrsm; jzpf&rnf/<br />

(p) ½l;oGyfaoma&m*gESifh ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; r½Sdap&/<br />

(q) tpOftwdkif; wOD;\trdefYudkwOD; waoGrwdrf;emcH&rnf/<br />

(Z) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifvdkvQif rSwfyHkwifoufqdkif&mrS 0ifaMu;ESifhwuGay;,lí axmufcHpmjzifh oufqdkif&mrSwqifh<br />

pD <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>? c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vufrSwfygaom rSwfyHkwifwapmif XmecsKyfodkY ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

3/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwdkif; <strong>or*¾</strong>tpnf;ta0;rsm; a½G;aumufyGJrsm;ü rJay;ydkifcGifh½Sdap&rnf/<br />

4/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD; tjzpf0ifa&muf&ef t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkol wOD;onf taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL; odkYr[kwf<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ twGif;a&;rSL;rS awmif;,l&½SdEdkifaom toif;0ifyHkpHudk tcef; (2)? yk'fr (2)? tydk'fi,f (*) t&? tmrcHolESpfOD;<br />

\ vufrSwfESifh wifoGif;&rnf/<br />

5/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD; jypfrIusL;vGefcJhaomf <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUu 'gPf½dkufjcif;? acwåEkwfy,fjcif;? vHk;0Ekwfy,f<br />

jcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ þuJhodkY jyKvkyf&mwGif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUudk,fpm; c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong> Ouú|\ oabmwlnDcsufudk<br />

&,l&rnf/<br />

6/ / txufyg yk'fr (5) t& tjypfay;jcif;cH&aom toif;0ifwOD;onf tu,fí rauseyfvQif A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

OD;pD;tzGJU (odkYr[kwf) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;nDvmcHrsm;wGif t,lcHydkifcGifh½Sdap&rnf/<br />

7/ / txufygtcef; (2)? yk'fr (357) ? <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftjzpf ta½G;cHEkdifcGifhonf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\<br />

wm0efcH tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;jzpfaom <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;ü r½Sdap&/<br />

- 3 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

tcef; (3)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>\tzGJYtpnf;rsm;<br />

1/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\tzGJUtpnf;rsm;um; atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(u) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>nDvmcH (uGef*&uf)<br />

(c) A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>OD;pD;tzGJU (aumifpD)<br />

(*) A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJU<br />

(C) c½dkiftrSKaqmiftzGJU<br />

(i) NrdKUe,ftrSKaqmiftzGJU<br />

(p) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrSKaqmiftzGJU<br />

tcef; (4)<br />

ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH<br />

1/ / ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;yg0if&rnf/<br />

(u) A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(c) c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wdkif;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(*) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

rSwfcsuf- ArmEdkifiHvHk;qkdif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajr§mufí EdkifiHvHk;qkdif&m nDvmcHodkY<br />

wufa&muf&rnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

2/ / ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHudk omreftm;jzifh wESpfwBudrfus ESpfpOfusif;y&rnf/<br />

3/ / nDvmcHac:qdka&;ESifh ywfoufonfh aeY&uftcsdefESifh pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUu owfrSwfa&;qGJ<br />

ydkifcGifh½Sd&rnf/<br />

4/ / tu,fí A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUtm; ¤if;wdkYonf ½Sdtyfaom tcGifhta&;rsm;xuf ydkrdkvGefuJí aqmif½Gufcsuf<br />

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; ½Sdonf[k ,lqcJhvQif ¤if;wdkYESifh ywfoufí nDvmcHwGifjzpfap? A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;<br />

wGifjzpfap apm'uwufEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

5/ / ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf tcsKyftcsmtmPm tydkifqHk;jzpfí atmufazmfjyyg udpörsm;ESifhywfouf<br />

aom tqdkrsm; wifoGif;Edkifonf/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifonf/<br />

(u) <strong>or*¾</strong>\ tkyfcsKyfa&; pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk jyifqif&ef? jznfhpGuf&ef? twnfjyK&ef (odkYr[kwf) y,fzsuf&ef?<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhywfoufaom udpörsm;?<br />

(*) wEdkifiHvHk; wrsKd;om;vHk;ESifh ywfoufaomudpörsm;/<br />

6/ / nDvmcHtpnf;ta0;ü <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>\vkyfief;rsm;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif; ywfoufaom<br />

ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;EdkifcGifh½Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;jref;vdkaom ar;cGef;\ taMumif;t&mrsm;udk A[dktrSK<br />

aqmiftzGJUodkY BudKwif taMumif;Mum;xm;ESifh&rnf/<br />

7/ / nDvmcHtpnf;ta0;rS cefYrSef;xm;onfh OD;a&\ xuf0ufwufa&mufvQif w&m;0ifxajrmufonf[k<br />

rSwf,l&rnf/<br />

8/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\ tkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;udk jyifqifjznfhpGuf (odkYr[kwf) y,fzsufjcif;rsm;udk nDvmcHtzGJU0if oHk;yHkESpfyHk<br />

u qE´rJay;í qE´rJay;olwdkY\ oHk;yHkESpfyHku oabmusrSom twnfjyK&rnf/<br />

9/ / EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHrS A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ ¤if;OD;pD;tzGJUwGif - pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr<br />

(1)? ydk'fi,f (u) ESifh (c) t& - A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUESifh c½dkifnDvmcHrsm;rS a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

10/ / EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|udk wESpfwBudrf usif;yaom EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif qE´rJjzifh a½G;aumuf<br />

wifajr§muf&rnf/<br />

11/ / txufyg tcef; (4)? yk'fr (10) t& usif;yrnfha½G;aumufyGJudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (17) t& usif;y&rnf/<br />

12/ / a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&aom Ouú|onf pDrHESifhwGJbufvkyfudkif&ef &mxm;onfh A[dktrSKaqmif<br />

tzGJU0ifrsm;\trnfrsm;udk aMunmNyD;vQif nDvmcH\oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&rnf/<br />

13/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH (odkYr[kwf) trIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/<br />

- 4 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

14/ / EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH tqdkyga½G;aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUOuú|u obmywd?<br />

taxGtaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u tusKd;aqmiftjzpf toD;oD;jzpf&rnf/<br />

15/ / tu,fí pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4) yk'fr (14) twdkif; tzGJUoHk;yHkwyHk vufrcHEdkifvQif nDvmcH\ obmywdESifh<br />

tusKd;aqmifudk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;xJrS trsm;qE´t& a½G;cs,f&rnf/<br />

tcef; (5)<br />

A[dkOD;pD;tzGJY<br />

1/ / tcef; (4) yk'fr (9) t& zGJUpnf;onfh A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUonf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHrSvGJí tcsKyftjcm<br />

tmPmtydkifqHk;aom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/<br />

2/ / A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUESifh rNyD;jywfEdkifaom jyóemt&yf&yfudk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUu aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf&rnf/<br />

3/ / A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUudk ta&;ay:onfhtavQmuf ac:,lusif;yEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGifac:ydkifcGifhrSm Ouú|ESifh A[dk<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUüom ½Sdonf/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHac:ouJhodkY <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;u awmif;,lydkifcGifhr½Sd/<br />

4/ / pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifh ywfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ,m,Djyifqif jznfhpGufjcif;ESifh ,m,DEkwfy,fjcif;<br />

rsm;udk A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUu qHk;jzwfjyKvkyfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif vHk;0jyifqifjznfhpGufjcif;? Ekwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk A[dkOD;pD;<br />

tzGJUu jyKvkyfydkifcGifhr½Sd/<br />

5/ / A[kdOD;pD;tzGJUonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0if wOD;OD;tm; tjypftavsmuf &mxl;rS,m,DEkwfy,fjcif;? &yfqdkif;<br />

jcif;udk jyKvkyfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

6/ / A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ obmywdESifhtusKd;aqmifrsm;onf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\Ouú|ESifh taxGtaxGtwGif;<br />

a&;rSL; toD;oD;jzpf&rnf/<br />

7/ / A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>\vkyfief;pOf tajccHudk jy|mef;Edkifonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtm; pdppfEdkifonf? ñTefMum;Edkifonf/<br />

8/ / A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ tpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif ESpfBudrf usif;y&rnf/ tpnf;ta0; ac:,la&;<br />

rSm tcef; (5)? yk'fr (3) t&jzpfonf/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ ESpfywfvnf tpnf;ta0;wGif<br />

(u) A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJU\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; ? tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? aqG;aEG;t<br />

wnf jyK&rnf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>\ &HyHkaiG pm&if;½Sif;wrf;udk zwfMum;twnfjyK&rnf/<br />

(*) ukefqHk;cJhaom ESpftwGif; NyD;cJhaomvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk trSm;trSef jyefvSefppfaq;jcif; ? a0zefjcif;rsm;<br />

jznfhpGufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

(C) <strong>or*¾</strong>\vmrnfhESpf 0ifaiG xGufaiG cefrSef;ajcpm&if;udk wifoGif;twnfjyK&rnf/<br />

9/ / A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí wifvdkvQif (odkYr[kwf) rauseyfcJhvQif qdkif&mnDvmcH<br />

wGif t,lcHEdkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

tcef; (6)<br />

A[dktrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ / (u) aemufwBudrf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHrS a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUopf zGJUpnf;NyD;<br />

onftxd A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>OD;pD;tzGJUrSty tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfí <strong>or*¾</strong>\a½SUarSmufwGif usa&mufaom<br />

jyóemt&yf&yfudk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf ajz½Sif;ydkifcGifh ½Sdonf/ rdrdvufatmufcH<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ vkyfief;&yf<br />

toD;oD;wGif yg0ifí tMuHÓPfay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;rsm;udk vkyfEkdifonf/<br />

(c) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHESifh A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>OD;pD;tzGJUrS vTJtyfaom udpöt&yf&yfrsm;udk<br />

jzpfajrmufatmifaqmif½Guf&ef tzGJUtaeESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tzGJU0ifwOD;pDtaeESifhaomfvnf;aumif;<br />

½Sdap&rnf/<br />

2/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) 'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) aiGxdef;<br />

- 5 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

(4) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(5) tjcm; (12) OD; xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/<br />

3/ / Ouú|ESifhA[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhEdkifiHa&;ygwD\ wm0efcH? tvkyftrIaqmifrsm; rjzpfap&/<br />

4/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>0iftoif;om;tjzpf tenf;qHk;wESpf 0ifa&mufNyD;rSom A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUwGif yg0ifEdkifonf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyfESifhqufoG,fNyD; <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>0iftjzpf tenf;qHk; wESpfyg0ifbl;olrsm;udk qdkvdkonf/<br />

5/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\Ouú|onf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0iftjzpf tenf;qHk; wESpfaqmif½Gufbl;ol jzpf&rnf/<br />

>cif;csuf- tcef; (17)? yk'fr (7) (u)? (c) t& a½G;aumufEdkifonf/<br />

6/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhywfoufaom enf;Oya' ½Hk;vkyfief;ESifh oufqdkifaom enf;Oya't&yf&yfudk A[dktrIaqmif<br />

tzGJUu owfrSwf&rnf/<br />

7/ / pnf;rsOf;tcef; (5)? yk'fr (5) t& Ekwfy,fcH&aom (odkYr[kwf) EkwfxGufívpfvyfaom trIaqmif<br />

ae&mtwGuf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU\ oabmwlnDcsuft& a½G;cs,fEdkifonf (odkYr[kwf) ,m,DcefYxm;<br />

Edkifonf/<br />

8/ / tcef; (5)? yk'fr (5) t& Ouú|Ekwfy,fcJhaomf (odkYr[kwf) EkwfxGufcJhaomf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH\<br />

oabmwlnDcsufjzifh ¤if;zGJUpnf;cJhaom A[dktrSKaqmiftzGJUrSm rysufbJ qufvufí w&m;0ifonf[k ,lq&rnf/<br />

9/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief; wGifus,fap&eftwGuf trIaqmiftzGJUcGJrsm;ESifh XmecGJrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;<br />

rsm; jyKvkyfEkdifonf/<br />

10/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyftwGuf taxGaxG0efxrf;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;? Ekwfy,fjcif;? ¤if;wdkYtm; vpmESifh axmufyHHhaMu;<br />

aiGrsm; owfrSwfjcif;wdkYü A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

11/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf pkaygif;acgif;aqmifrIESifh wGJbuf wm0efcHrIrsm;½Sd<br />

rnf/<br />

12/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;w&yfw&yfESifh ywfoufí vdktyfvQif wm0efcHrnf/ A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU<br />

tpnf;ta0; ac:,lEkdifonf/<br />

13/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyfydkif ypönf;tm;vHk;udkvnf; A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnf/<br />

14/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh &ufowå (2) ywfvQif wBudrfus pnf;a0;&rnf/<br />

15/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0if wOD;OD;onf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;ac:,l&ef vdktyfonfxifvQif tjcm;<br />

A[dktrIaqmif (2) OD;\ vufrSwfa&;xkd;axmufcHcsufudk Ouú|xHwifoGif;vQif Ouú|uA[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ txl;<br />

tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,l&rnf/<br />

16/ / tpnf;ta0;ac:ydkifcGifh tmPm½Sdolrsm;rSm Ouú|ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif Ouú|\<br />

oabmwlnDcsuf&&rnf/<br />

17/ / omreftpnf;ta0;ESifh txl;tpnf;ta0;rsm;ü tzGJU0ifOD;a& xuf0ufwufa&mufí ta&;ay:tpnf;<br />

ta0;rsm;ü Ouú|yg0ifaom trIaqmiftzGJU0if (5) OD;wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0; jzpfajrmufonf/<br />

>cif;csuf- A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ oHk;yHkwyHkuac:,l&ef? (3) cgwdwd taMumif;jy awmif;qdkcJhaomfvnf; Ouú| rwuf<br />

a&mufcJhvQif ¤if;oHk;yHkwyHku pnf;a0;ydkifcGifh qHk;jzwfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

18/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ udk,fpm;vS,fvTwfí vnf;aumif;? owif;pum;<br />

taMumif;Mum;ívnf;aumif; qE´rJray;&/<br />

19/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vkyfief;rsm;udk yg0ifaqmif½GufEdkifonf/ tultnD ay;Edkifonf/<br />

vkdtyfonf xifvQif vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEdkifonf/<br />

20/ / EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkif; wm0ef,l&rnf/<br />

tcef; (7)<br />

c½kdifnDvmcH uGef*&uf<br />

1/ / c½dkifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;wGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

(1) c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJU?<br />

(2) A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>OD;pD;tzGJUodkY wufa&mufaom c½dkifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;?<br />

(3) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajr§mufí apvTwfaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/<br />

- 6 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

2/ / c½dkiftrSKaqmiftzGJU <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk owfrSwfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

3/ / (u) c½dkifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>tm;jzifh wpfESpfvQif ESpfBudrfus ac:,lusif;y&rnf?<br />

(c) ta&;ay:c½dkifnDvmcHudk c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUu ac:,lEdkifcGifh½Sdonf?<br />

(*) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJOD;a& oHk;yHkwyHku awmif;qdkcJhvQif c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUu &ufowå (3) ywf BudKwiftaMumif;<br />

Mum;í c½dkiftxl;nDvmcHudk ac:ay;&rnf/<br />

4/ / ESpfywfvnf c½dkifnDvmcHudk EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHrac:rDtwGif; A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU taxGtaxGtwGif;<br />

a&;rSL;\ ñTefMum;csuft& c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUu BuD;rSL;íusif;y&rnf/<br />

ESpfywfvnfc½dkifnDvmcHwGif-<br />

1/ c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (11) (12) (13) twdkif;? pnf;rsOf;tcef; (15)<br />

t& a½G;aumuf wifajr§muf&rnf/<br />

2/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufrnfh A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf owfrSwfxm;onfh ta&twGuf<br />

twdkif; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a½G;aumuf&rnf/ ¤if;c½dkifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;rSm EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHwGif<br />

A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>OD;pD;tzGJU0iftjzpf ta½G;cH&rnfholrsm; jzpfonf/<br />

3/ (u) <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufaomtqdkrsm; wifoGif;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEkdifonf/<br />

(c) EdkifiHjyóemt&yf&yfESifh ywfoufaomtqdkrsm; wifoGif;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifonf/<br />

5/ / c½dkifnDvmcHudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (14) ESifh (15) rsm; twdkif; aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

tcef; (8)<br />

c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ / c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm c½dkifnDvmcHrS trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/<br />

2/ / c½dkiftrIaqmifOD;a&rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) 'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) aiGxdef;<br />

(5) tjcm; 10 OD;xuf rydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/<br />

3/ / c½kdiftrIaqmiftzGJUonf<br />

(u) c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif vHk;0wm0ef,lí acgif;aqmif&rnf/<br />

(c) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? tultnD<br />

ay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/<br />

4/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrftpD&ifcHpmrsm; rSefrSefay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

(1) pnf;½Hk;rSKtiftm;<br />

(2) vkyfief;pOfvmt&yf&yf<br />

(3) b@ma&;tajctae<br />

(4) XmetoDoD;toD;oD; tpD&ifcHpmrsm; yg0if&rnf/ c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJU Ouú|ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

\ vufrSwfrsm;jzifh ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

5/ / c½dkiftrSKaqmiftzGJUonf-<br />

(u) ½Hk;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUrS ñTefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;odkY A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaom ñTefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwåLrsm;jyKvkyfí <strong>or*¾</strong>odkU<br />

jzefYcsd &rnf/<br />

(*) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk BudKwiftaMumif;Mum;í ppfaq;Ekdifonf/<br />

6/ / c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif½GufEdkifonf/ vkdtyfonfxifvQif vHk;0<br />

wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEkdifonf/<br />

7/ / c½dkifb@ma&;/<br />

8/ / c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>odkY ESpfpOfaMu; (50d) ig;q,fusyfwdwd ay;aqmif&rnf/<br />

- 7 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

tcef; (9)<br />

NrdKYe,fnDvmcHtzGJY<br />

1/ / NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>nDvmcHudk NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmif\ qE´t& ac:Edkifonf/ NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;\ oHk;yHkwyHk<br />

uvnf; ac:,l&ef awmif;qdkydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

2/ / NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>nDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

(u) NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

(c) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;<br />

3/ / NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHudk c½dkifnDvmcHrusif;yrD NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUrS twGif;a&;rSL;\<br />

ñTefMum;csuft& usif;y&rnf/ (¤if;NrdKUe,ftwGif;a&;rSL;\ ñTefMum;csufonf NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

t&om jzpf&rnf/)<br />

4/ / NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif<br />

(1) NrdKUe,fnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& ta&twGufudk NrdKUe,f trIaqmiftzGJUrS<br />

owfrSwfonfh twdkif; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(2) NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (17) t& a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/<br />

(3) (u) <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufaomtqdkrsm; wifoGif;cg qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&rnf/<br />

(c) wEdkifiHvHk;ESifhywfoufaom jyóemt&yft&yfudk tqkdrsm;wifoGif;um qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

csrSwf&rnf/<br />

5/ / NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (14) ESifh (15)? tcef; (7)? yk'fr<br />

(5) wdkYt& aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

tcef; (10)<br />

e,f&SdtrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ / NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrS trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/<br />

2/ / NrdKUe,ftrIaqmifOD;a&rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) 'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) aiGxdef;<br />

(5) tjcm; (7) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/<br />

3/ / NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf-<br />

(u) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmif&rnf/<br />

(c) c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJU\ NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? tult<br />

nDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,lí acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/<br />

4/ / c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrftpD&ifcHpmrsm; rSefrSefay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

(1) pnf;½Hk;rItiftm;<br />

(2) vkyfief;pOft&yf&yf<br />

(3) b@ma&;tajctae<br />

(4) XmetoD;oD;tpD&ifcHpmrsm; yg0ifonf/<br />

NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh twGif;a&;rSL;vufrSwfrsm;jzifh ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

5/ / NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf-<br />

(u) ½Hk;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ñTefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;odkY c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaom ñTefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwåLrsm;jyKvkyfum <strong>or*¾</strong><br />

cGJodkY jzefYcsd&rnf/<br />

(*) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk MudKwif taMumif;Mum;um ppfaq;Edkifonf/<br />

- 8 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

6/ / NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>\vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif½GufEdkifonf/ vdktyfonf xifvQif<br />

vHk;0wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifEdkifonf/<br />

7/ / NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;ü atmufyg pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;jcif;? qHk;jzwfjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

(u) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\ pnf;½Hk;rItiftm;<br />

(c) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\ b@ma&;oHk;pm&if;<br />

(*) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\ aeYpOfvkyfief;<br />

(C) NyD;pD;cJhonfh XmetoD;oD;\tpD&ifcHpmrsm;<br />

(i) oufqkdif&me,fwGif; vlxkta&;ESifhywfoufaom jyóemrsm;/<br />

8/ / NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>b@ma&;/<br />

NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>onf c½dkif<strong>or*¾</strong>odkY c½dkifnDvmcH\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& qufaMu;ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

tcef; (11)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHtzGJY<br />

1/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHudk <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJU\ qE´t&ac:,lEdkifonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;\ oHk;yHkwyHk uvnf;ac:,l<br />

&ef awmif;qkdydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

2/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

(u) trIaqmiftzGJU<br />

(c) twef;wm0efcHrsm;<br />

(*) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;<br />

3/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ESpfygwfvnf nDvmcHudk NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrusif;yrD qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ trIaqmiftzGJUrS twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

\ ñTefMum;csuft& usif;y&rnf/<br />

4/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJESpfywfvnf nDvmcHwGif<br />

1/ NrdKUe,fESifh c½dkifnDvmcHudkwufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a½G;&rnf/<br />

2/ <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUtopfudk pnf;rsOf;tcef; (17) t& a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/<br />

3/ (u) <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom tqdkrsm;wifoGif;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf&ef?<br />

(c) wEdkifiHvHk;ESifhywfoufaom jyóemt&yf&yfudk tqdkrsm;wifoGif;um qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;<br />

cs&rnf/<br />

5/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif pnf;rsOf;tcef; (4)? yk'fr (14) ESifh (15)? tcef; (7)? yk'fr (5)<br />

wdkYt& aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

tcef; (12)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;ESifh trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

1/ / c½dkifvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwfaom <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtzGJUtpnf;wckonf NrdKUe,frSwqifh c½dkifodkY<br />

qufoG,fNyD;aom <strong>or*¾</strong>jzpf&rnf/ xkdqufoG,fjcif;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu todtrSwf jyKNyD;aomtcgü <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU<br />

csKyf\ w&m;0ifaom<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJwck jzpfvmonf/<br />

2/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\trIaqmiftzGJUrSm pnf;rsOf;tcef; (15) t& <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHrS wifajr§mufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/<br />

3/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) 'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) aiGxdef;<br />

(5) tjcm; (7) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;/<br />

4/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf twdkifyifcHrsm;tjzpf oufqdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ twef;wm0efcHrsm;udk<br />

cefYtyfEdkifonf/ xdkuJhodkY cefYtyf&mwGif oufqdkif&mtwef;\ oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&rnf/ oufqdkif&m twef;rS<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom (odkYr[kwf) emrnfwifoGif;aom twef;wm0efcHrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK&rnf/<br />

- 9 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

5/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf oufqdkif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>\0g'? &nf½G,fcsufESifh vkyfief;pOf<br />

rsm;udk vdkufemaqmif½Gufatmif BudK;yrf;&efwm0ef½Sdap&rnf/<br />

6/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\trIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJU\ ñTefMum;<br />

csufrsm;t& vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

7/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU\tpnf;ta0;ü atmufygpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;jcif; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

(u) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ pnf;½Hk;rSKtiftm;<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\b@ma&; toHk;pm&if;rsm;<br />

(*) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ aeYpOfvkyfief;rsm;<br />

(C) NyD;pD;cJhonfh |metoD;oD;\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;<br />

(i) oufqdkif&me,ftwGif; vlxkta&;ESifhywfoufaom jyóemrsm;/<br />

8/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU twGif;a&;rSL;onf Ouú|\vufrSwfjzifh NrdKUe,ftrI<br />

aqmiftzGJUESifh NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUrSwqifh c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJUwdkYodkY wvwBudrfay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

9/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf<br />

(u) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ vkyfief;rsm;wGif wm0ef,lum acgif;aqmif&rnf/<br />

(c) c½dkiftrIaqmiftzGJU\<strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? tultnDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0<br />

wm0ef,l acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk ½Gufaqmif&rnf/<br />

10/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU\ tpnf;ta0;onf omreftm;jzifh &ufowå (2) ywfvQif wBudrfusif;y&rnf/<br />

tcef; (13)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>\ b@ma&;<br />

1/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh oufqdkifaom tzGJUcsKyf½Sd &efyHkaiGtm;vHk;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>trnfESifh A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu a½G;cs,faom<br />

bPfwGif tyfESHxm;&rnf/<br />

2/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;onf NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsuft& qufaMu;ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

3/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS 0ifaiGtm;vHk;udk? oD;oefYjy|mef;jcif;r½dSonfh tjcm;0ifaiGtm;vHk;udk omref&efyHkaiGxJodkY<br />

xnfhoGif;&rnf/<br />

4/ / tvSLaiGrsm;? o'¨gaMu;rsm;? aiGwdk;rsm;ESifh ESpfpOf toHk;p&dwfrS ydkaomaiGrsm;teuf tenf;qHk; oHk;yHkESpfyHkudk<br />

oD;oefY&efyHkaiGtjzpf ajymif;vJxm;&rnf/<br />

5/ / tvSLaiGrsm;? o'¨gaMu;rsm;? aiGwdk;rsm;ESifh ESpfpOftoHk;p&dwfrS ydkaomaiGrsm; twwfEdkifqHk; oHk;yHkESpfyHkudk<br />

oD;oefY &efyHkaiGtjzpf ajymif;vJxm;&rnf/<br />

6/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\ ½Hk;toHk;aqmifrsm;? y&dabm*rsm; 0,f,ljcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;rsm;rSty oD;oefY&efyHkaiGudk A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

OD;pD;tzGJU (odkYr[kwf) EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH\ qHk;jzwfcsufr&vQif roHk;&/<br />

7/ / EdkifiHjcm;odkY ynmawmfoifapvTwfjcif;? pHkprf;Munfh½Ia&;tzGJUrsm; apvTwfjcif;? EkdifiHjcm;rS tzGJUtoD;oD;udk<br />

vufcHjcif;? taxGaxGtcrf;tem;ESifh {nfhcHjcif;wdkYtwGuf &efyHkaiGjyKvkyfxm;&rnf/<br />

8/ / ta&;BuD;aomudpörsm; ay:aygufvmaomtcg ta&;ay:&efyHkaiGtjzpf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUupDrHí aumuf<br />

cHEdkifonf/<br />

9/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>&efyHkaiG wdk;wufa&;twGuf aiGxdef;onf jyZmwf½kyf½SifyGJrsm;udk tvSLcHjcif;? uyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh<br />

o'¨gaMu;rsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;onf oufqdkif&mNrdKUrsm;wGif aumufcHEdkifonf/<br />

10/ / b@ma&;tceff; (13)? yk'fr (9) t& aumufcHaom &efyHkaiGrsm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUodkY rSefuefwduspGm<br />

tpD&ifcH&rnf/<br />

11/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf tjcm;toif;tzGJUrsm;odkY &efyHkaiGudk vG,fvifhwulxkwfí acs;iSm;jcif;rjyK&/<br />

12/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>&efyHkaiGrsm;xJrS aiGxkwf&ef csufvufrSwf (odkYr[kwf) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu pDrHay;&rnf/<br />

13/ / aiGxdeff;onf oD;oefY&efyHkaiG wdk;wufapjcif;iSm tvSLaiGESifh o'¨gaMu;aiGrsm;pm&if;udk rdrdqE´t& zGifh<br />

xm;Edkifonf/<br />

14/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\ 0ifaiG? xGufaiGpm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavQmfol wOD;OD;udk pm&if;ppf<br />

tjzpf cefYxm;&rnf/<br />

- 10 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

15/ / ESpfpOf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHrwdkifrD <strong>or*¾</strong>\ 0ifaiG? xGufaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppfu ppfaq;&rnf/<br />

ppfaq;NyD;aomtcg pm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppf\ tpD&ifcHpmESifhwuG EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH rwdkifrD tenf;qHk;&ufowå<br />

ESpfywfu BudKwifNyD; A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUodkY aiGxdef;u wifjy&rnf/ ESpfpOf aiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf;ESifh pm&if;ppftpD&ifcHpmudk<br />

nDvmcHodkY wifjy&rnfh b@ma&;tpD&ifcHpmü xnfhoGif;&rnf/<br />

16/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUcsKyfüxm;aom aiGpm&if;ESifh bPfpm&if;rsm;udk Ouú|u ppfaq;&rnf/<br />

tcef; (14)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh tjcm;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;<br />

1/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>onf EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vufatmufcHr[kwf/ MoZmtmPmcHr[kwf/ oD;jcm;vGwfvyf<br />

aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfí ausmif;om;vkyfief;ü ygwDya,m*rsm; vHk;0uif;½Sif;ap&rnf/<br />

2/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>\ wm0efcHtrIaqmif &mxl;vufcHxm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf wm0efcHrsm;taejzifh ygwDya,m*rsm;rS<br />

vHk;0 uif;½Sif;ap&rnf/<br />

3/ / EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckck\ wm0efcH&mxl; vufcHxm;aom yk*¾dKvfonf trsm;qE´t& <strong>or*¾</strong>\ wm0efcH&mxl;<br />

rsm;udk vufcH&aomf oufqdkif&m EdkifiHa&;ygwD\ rlv tvkyftrIaqmif&mxl;rS EkwfxGuf&rnf/<br />

4/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf tzGJUcsKyf\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh (0g) ñTefMum;csufr&bJ rnfonfhtzGJUpnf;ESifhrQ qufoG,fjcif;<br />

rjyK&/ twdkuftcH qefYusifbuf rjyK&/<br />

5/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf vlxkvkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif tzGJUcsKyf\trdefYtwdkif; waoGrwdrf;emcHí aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

tcef; (15)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>trnftoHk;jyKa&;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;\ rnfonfhwm0efcH yk*¾dKvfrS <strong>or*¾</strong>\ trnfudkaomfvnf;aumif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>wGifaqmif½Guf<br />

aeaom wm0efudkaomfvnf;aumif; rdrdudk,fa&;udk,fwm twGufjzpfap? <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh roufqdkifaomudpö t&yf&yftwGuf<br />

jzpfap vHk;0toHk;rjyK&ef/<br />

tcef; (16)<br />

ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;<br />

1/ / ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmif (3) OD;xufrenf; qkdif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;\ ½Hk;pdkuf&m NrdKUrsm;ü<br />

usef&pfvQif ¤if;wdkYrSm ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm; jzpf&rnf/<br />

2/ / ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmiftzGJU0if (3) OD;xufenf;í qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf; ½Hk;pdkuf&mNrdKU<br />

rsm;ü usef&pfcJhvQif vuf½SdtrIaqmiftzGJUu ausmif;ydwf&ufrwdkifrD <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;xJrS <strong>or*¾</strong>\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk<br />

xrf;½Guf&rnf/ ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcH (3) OD;udk cefYxm;&rnf/<br />

3/ / qdkif&mtrIaqmiftzGJUonf ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;\trnfrsm;udk a½G;cs,fNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf<br />

aMunm&rnf/<br />

4/ / ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;onf b@ma&;XmerSty trSKaqmiftzGJU\ aqmif½GufqJvkyfief;ESifh wm0ef<br />

rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/<br />

5/ / ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;onf-<br />

(u) trSKaqmiftzGJUu vTJtyfcJhaom wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh ½Hk;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&efomjzpfonf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;wckvHk;ESifh oufqdkifaom vkyfief;BuD;rsm;udk qHk;jzwfajz½Sif; aqmif½GufcGifhr½Sd/<br />

6/ / pnf;rsOf;tcef; (16)? yk'fr (5)? yk'fri,f (c) ESifhoufqdkifaom ta&;rsm;ay:aygufvmcJhaomf ausmif;ydwf<br />

&ufwm0efcHrsm;onf trSKaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,lí wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk tyfESif;&rnf/<br />

7/ / aiGxdef;onf ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; oufqdkif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;½Hk;pdkuf&mNrdKUü r½SdcJhaomf trSKaqmif<br />

tzGJUrS oabmwlnDcsufudk ,lí oifhavsmf,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;OD;udk ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHtjzpf<br />

cefYxm;NyD;vQif rdrdwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk vTJtyfcJh&rnf/<br />

8/ / ausmif;jyefzGifhí trSKaqmifa[mif;rsm; jyefvnfa&muf½SdvmaomtcgwGif ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;u<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk jyefvnfvTJtyf&rnf/<br />

- 11 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

tcef; (17)<br />

a½G;aumufyGJrsm;<br />

1/ / a½G;aumufyGJrsm;udk tzGJUtpnf;\ tcsKyftjcmta&mufqHk;aom ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHrsm;wGif usif;y&rnf/<br />

2/ / (u) a½G;aumufyGJrsm;udk trSKaqmiftzGJU\ Ouú|a[mif;rsm;u OD;pD;&rnf/ tu,fí Ouú|a[mif;onf<br />

jyefvnfta½G;cHvdkaomf (odkYr[kwf) a½G;aumufyGJwGif ysufuGufcJhaomf qkdif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;rS<br />

wm0efvTJtyfaom yk*¾dKvfu a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcH OD;pD;oltjzpf aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif qE´rJay;í a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;ESifh emrnfwifoGif;jcif; ESpf&yf<br />

teuf <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;u vdkvm;aom enf;pepft& a½G;aumufyGJudk usif;y&rnf/<br />

3/ / a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJqE´pm&if;rsm;udk pkaqmif;jcif;? rJpm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;rSm a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcH<br />

OD;pD;ol\ wm0efjzpfonf/<br />

4/ / a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcHOD;pD;olonf rdrdtultnD&&eftwGuf trSKaqmif&mxl;vufrcHrnfh <strong>or*¾</strong>0if (4)<br />

OD;udk orm"dvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfxm;Edkifonf/<br />

5/ / a½G;aumufyGJwGif vGwfvyfpGmESifh vQKdU0Sufí wkduf½dkufrJay;aom pepfudk toHk;jyK&rnf/<br />

6/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>odkY ay;qyf&ef½Sdaom aMu;aiGt&yf&yfudk ajyvnfatmif ray;oGif;Edkifolrsm;onf a½G;aumufyGJwGif<br />

ta½G;cHEdkifcGifh? tqdkoGif;EdkifcGifh? axmufcHEdkifcGifhrsm; r½Sdap&/<br />

7/ / AuowGif ta½G;cHEdkifcGifh/<br />

¤if;yk*¾dKvfonf ausmif;xGufcJhNyD; (2) ESpftwGif; ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif ta½G;cHvdku atmufygt&nftcsif;<br />

rsm;ESifh jynfhpHk&rnf/<br />

(u) emrnfysuf r½SdcJhbl;jcif;?<br />

(c) AuowGif wm0efcHtrIaqmiftjzpf tenf;qHk; wESpf xrf;aqmifcJhzl;jcif;ESifh jynfhpHkcJhaomf þyk*d¾Kvf<br />

tm; (Auo) wGif trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajr§mufEdkifonf/<br />

8/ / ta½G;cHvdkolwOD;onf tenf;qHk; qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;0if (2) OD;\axmufcHcsufESifh a½G;aumufyGJ<br />

wm0efcH OD;pD;olxHodkY ta½G;cHEdkifcGifh avQmufvTmwifoGif;&rnf/<br />

9/ / ta½G;cHEdkifcGifh avQmufvTmtpHkwckonf pnf;rsOf;t& jznfhpGuf&efvdktyfaom ta&;BuD;tcsufrsm;wGif<br />

jznfhpGufjcif; ysufuGufcJhaomf ¤if;avQmufvTmudk y,fcs&rnf/<br />

10/ / a½G;aumufyGJusif;yaeonfh tcsdeftwGif; rnfonfh<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrS ta½G;cHolvlwOD;\ aumif;usKd;qdk;jypfudk<br />

qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;odkY xkwfazmfajymqkd ydkifcGifhr½Sd/<br />

11/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;vQif wm0efcH&mxl; wae&mtwGuf rJqE´wckxuf ydkíray;Edkif/<br />

12/ / wm0efcH&mxl; ae&mta&twGufxufydkí ta½G;cHolrsm;cJhvQif rJta&twGufvdkuf wm0efcH&mxl; a½G;cs,f<br />

&rnf/ qE´rJ½SifwOD;onf ta½G;cHrnfholwOD;twGuf wrJom ay;ydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

13/ / qE´rJpm&if;udk a½G;aumufyGJaeY (odkYr[kwf) aemufwaeYwGif wm0efcHOD;pD;olonf orm"dvlBuD;rsm;a½SU<br />

arSmufü ppfaq;í a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&olrsm;\trnfpm&if;udk tjrefqHk;aMunm&rnf/<br />

wm0efcH&mxl;tvdkuf aemufqHk;ta½G;cs,fcH&rnfh trSwfpOfwGif rJqE´rJ wlnDaeygu wm0efcHOD;pD;olonf<br />

tEdkift½IH; qHk;jzwfonfhqE´rJudk ay;ydkifcGifh½Sd&rnf/<br />

14/ / a½G;aumufyGJtwGuf oD;oefYxm;onfh qE´rJyHkpHpm½Gufrsm;udk a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcHOD;pD;olu xkwfa0<br />

&rnf/<br />

15/ / rnfonfhqE´rJ½SifrS udk,fpm;vnfvTwfívnf;aumif;? pmjzifh taMumif;Mum;ívnf;aumif; qE´rJay;ydkif<br />

cGifhr½Sd/<br />

16/ / qE´rJta&twGufESifh ywfoufí rauseyfcJhvQif a½G;aumufyGJ aMunmNyD;csdefrS (72) em&DtwGif; qE´rJ½Sif<br />

(19) OD;\ qE´jzihf rJpm&if;ta&twGufudk Munfh½IEdkifonf/<br />

17/ / qE´rJ½Sif av;yHkwyHku a½G;aumufyGJusif;yNyD;onfh (7) &uftwGif; a½G;aumufyGJESifh ywfoufí rauseyf<br />

aMumif; Ouú|xH taMumif;Mum;vQif Ouú|onf txl;tpnf;ta0;wckac:í a½G;aumufyGJ\ taMumif;t&mrsm;udk<br />

aocsm*epGm pHkprf;&ef qE´rJ½Sif (9) OD;yg0ifaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDudk a½G;cs,f&rnf/<br />

18/ / xkdpHkprf;a&;aumfrwD\ oHk;yHkESpfyHku ta½G;cH&olwOD;onf rdrdta½G;cH&rItwGuf aiGaMu;tukeftuscHí<br />

aoG;aqmifcJhonf[k oabmwlnDcJhvQif ¤if;ta½G;cH&rIudk w&m;r0if[k aMunmí xkdta½G;cH&oludk <strong>or*¾</strong>wm0efcH<br />

- 12 -

aemufqufwGJ (24)<br />

&mxl;rsm;twGuf ta½G;cHEdkifcGifhrsm;rS wESpfwdwd &yfpJxm;&rnf/<br />

tcef; (18)<br />

enf;Oya'ESifU bdkifavmrsm;<br />

1/ / þ<strong>or*¾</strong>tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk rlwnfí enf;Oya'ESifh bdkifavmrsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtoD;oD;wdkYu<br />

usepGm aqmif½GufEdkif&efESifh usifhxkH;wkdY twllwljzpfap&eftwGuf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu jy|mef;Ekdifonf/<br />

2/ / enf;Oya'udk jy|mef;&mü vnf;aumif;? jyifqifjznfhpGuf&mü vnf;aumif;? xkwfy,f&mü vnf;aumif;<br />

EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m nDvmcHuom jyKvkyfEdkifonf/<br />

3/ / enf;Oya'udk ,m,Djy|mef;jcif;? ,m,DjznfhpGufxkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk A[kdOD;pD;tzGJUu jyKvkyfydkifcGifhtmPm<br />

rsm;½Sdonf/<br />

AuoXmecsKyf<br />

þtkyfcsKyfa&;pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk 1308 ck? 1946 ck? Zlvdkifv (3) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom ArmEdkifiHvkH;<br />

qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> nDvmcHwGif zwfMum;twnfjyKonf/<br />

- 13 -<br />

(ykH)<br />

xGef;ñGefh<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

AuoXmecsKyf<br />

1308-1946 ck? Zlvdkifv (3) &ufaeYnDvmcHwGif a&;qGJtwnfjyKcJhaom þtkyfcsKyfa&; pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk<br />

1948 ck? Zlvdkifv (9) &ufaeY (6) Budrfajrmuf ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHwGif xyfrHjyifqif Ekwfy,fjznfh<br />

pGufí zwfMum;twnfjyKonf/<br />

(ykH)<br />

atmifodef;<br />

pnf;½kH;a&;rSL;

aemufqufwGJ (24) (26)<br />

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS<br />

DEPT . LB/ JP / BS PRAHA 23. XII. 1958<br />

Inter - University Consultative<br />

Conference,<br />

Rangoon University Students Union,<br />

Union Building,<br />

University of Rangoon,<br />

Rangoon,<br />

Burma.<br />

Dear Friends,<br />

On the occasion of the Inter-University Consultative Conference we send you our<br />

greetings <strong>and</strong> hope that your conference will further consultative the unity of the Burmese<br />

students <strong>and</strong> intensify their efforts to improve education, to restore peace <strong>and</strong> safeguard the<br />

independence of your country, as well as strength their cooperation with the IUS <strong>and</strong> Students<br />

of other countries.<br />

All member organizations of the IUS look with sympathy <strong>and</strong> admiration towards<br />

the Burmese students movements they highly appreciate your spirit of patriotism <strong>and</strong><br />

determination to build <strong>and</strong> develop, together with your people your beautiful country. Your<br />

colleagues, particularly these in the newly independent countries of Asia <strong>and</strong> Africa, greatly<br />

count on your support <strong>and</strong> your contribution to their fight against colonialism <strong>and</strong> imperialism.<br />

The IUS is aware of the active participation of the Burmese students in the fight for<br />

peace <strong>and</strong> for a ban of nuclear weapons. Undoubtedly it is a considerable contribution to<br />

the world peace movement <strong>and</strong> to the common cause of humanity.<br />

The Vth congress of the IUS in Peking has expressly supported efforts of Burmese<br />

students to protect their democratic rights. Once again, we reiterate our full support for your<br />

struggle to improve education, to remove fully legacies of colonialism <strong>and</strong> to defend your<br />

national sovereignty <strong>and</strong> world peace.<br />

Long Live the unity of students of the world 1.<br />

Long Live the fraternal cooperation between the IUS <strong>and</strong> Burmese students.<br />

- 14 -<br />

Sd/ Jiri Pelikan<br />

President of the IUS

aemufqufwGJ (24) (28)<br />

tqifUtrsKd;rsKd;½Sdaom AuotzGJYrsm;\ Ouú|pm&if; (1945-1958)<br />

AuoXmecsKyf Ouú|rsm;<br />

udkoef; (1945 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvrS 1946 ckESpf Zlvdkifv)<br />

udkoef;xGef; (1946 ckESpf ZlvdkifvrS 1947 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv)<br />

udkoef;armif (1947 ckESpf Zefe0g&DrS 1947 ckESpf ‘'DZifbmv)<br />

udkxGef;ñGefY (1947 ckESpf 'DZifbmrS 1948 ckESpf rwfv)<br />

udkoef;MuG,f (1948 ckESpf rwfvrS 1948 ckESpf Zlvdkifv)<br />

udkoef; (1948 ckESpf ZlvdkifvrS 1949 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv)<br />

Auo (awmwGif;) Ouú|<br />

udkwifa½T (1949 - 1950)<br />

Auo (tzGJYcsKyf) Ouú|<br />

udkatmifoef; (1949 - 1950)<br />

Auo (oefh½Sif;) Ouú|rsm;<br />

udkpdefbef; (1951 - 1952)<br />

udk0if;az (1952 - 1953)<br />

Auo (udkudkBuD;-udkudkav;tzGJY ) Ouú|<br />

udkukdBuD; (1952 - 1953)<br />

Auo (tDtufpftdk) Ouú|rsm;<br />

udkMunfñGefY (1954 - 1955)<br />

udkcifarmifEG,f (1955 - 1956)<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf Ouú|rsm;<br />

udkvS0if; (1951 - 1952)<br />

udkodef;atmif (1952 - 1953)<br />

udkcifausmf (1953 - 1954)<br />

udkcifarmiftkef; (1954 - 1956)<br />

udkaZmf0if; (1956 - 1960)<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfopf Ouú|rsm;<br />

udkbdk;omab; (1958 ckESpf pufwifbmvrS 1959 ckESpf {NyDv)<br />

rSwfcsuf- 1962 ck? rwfv (3) &ufaeYtxd Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyf\ Ouú|rSm udkcifarmiftkef; jzpfNyD;? udkcifarmiftkef;udk<br />

awmfvSefa&;aumifpD tmPmodrf;rI aMunmcsufaMumifh Ouú|ae&mrS z,f½Sm;um 'k-Ouú| udkoufrSm Ouú| jzpfvmonf/<br />

,ckrSwfwrf;udkrl rlvrSwfwrf;ygtwdkif; jyefvnfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 15 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

A-u-orsm; tzGJYcsKyf - zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'tpD&ifcHpm<br />

zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'qdkonfrSm tzGJUtpnf;wckwGif toJESvkH;ozG,f r½SdvQifrjzpfaom t&nf<br />

tcsif;w&yfyif jzpfayonf/ ywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfay:wnf½Sdaeaom t&yf&yftajctaersm; tay:wGif ta&mif[yfí<br />

wnf½Sdaeoifhaom t&mjzpfNyD; tajctaersm;\ ajymif;vJjyKjyifoGm;&onfESifhtnD zGJUpnf;ykHonfvnf; ajymif;vJ<br />

oGm;&ayonf/ zJGUpnf;ykHwGif tpnf;t½kH;\wm0ef&yfrsm;udk azmfjyonfh &nf½G,fcsuf? oabmxm;? vkyfief;pOf? zGJU<br />

pnf;ykH toGifvu©Pm ponfh t*Fg&yfrsm; yg0if&ayrnf/ qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;\ &yfwnfrIae&mtrSefudk &½SdapNyD;<br />

vIyf½Sm;rIvkyfief;? OD;wnfcsuf? ñTefjycsuf/ xdef;odrf;ay;csufrsm;udk &,lapayonf/<br />

ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;wck\ zGJUpnf;ykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'udk avhvmaomf ynma&;tajctaersm;? ausmif;<br />

om;ESifh ausmif;taetxm;rsm;udkrSDí ynma&;ESifh EdkifiHawmf rnfodkYqufoG,faeonf? rnfodkYaom jyóemrsm;<br />

jzpfay:aeonf? rnfonfhoabmxm;ESifh vkyfief;wdkYudk vkyfaqmiftyfonf? vIyf½Sm;rI OD;aqmiftzGJUtpnf; rnfodkYwnf<br />

aqmufoifhonf? zGJUpnf;oifhonf? pnf;½kH;a&; oabmxm;ykHpH ponfjzifh t"duvdktyfaom taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk<br />

vdkufem&rnfjzpfayonf/<br />

jrefrmEdkifiH\ynma&;&mZ0ifESifh ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI wckvkH;tay:wGif a,bk,stajccHí aqG;aEG;Mu&ef<br />

jzpfayonf/ 1885 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiHwckvkH;udk t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUtpdk;&wdkYu odrf;ydkufNyD;aemuf t*Fvdyf tkyfcsKyfrIvuf<br />

atmufwGif uRefEdkifiHtjzpf xm;½Sdusa&mufapcJhonf/<br />

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;wckvkH;onf t*FvdyfwdkYtwGuf tokH;csjcif;? e,fcsJUpepftwGuf tusKd;oufa&mufjcif;wkdY<br />

jzpfapNyD; jynfolw&yfvkH;rSm aexdkifrItqifhtwef;? ,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef; wjznf;jznf; edrfhusvm&um qif;&Jom;<br />

jynfolb0odkY qdkufa&mufapcJhonf/ udkvdkeDpD;yGm;a&;? uRefpD;yGm;a&;onf rnfonfh e,fcsJUpepftwGuf rqdk touf½Snf<br />

a&;om jzpfonf/<br />

t*Fvdyf? jyifopfponfh t&if;½SifEdkifiHBuD;rsm;\ t&if;½Sifpepf wdk;wufvmrIaMumifh ukefypönf; ydkvQHrI?<br />

ukefMurf;rsm; &,lvdkrI? ukefypönf;rsm; a&mif;cs&ef aps;uGufvkdvm;rI jyóemrsm;udk ajz½Sif;&ef aps;uGufrsm; ½Sm&if;<br />

udkvdkeDe,fy,frsm;udk ½SmazGvk,ufonfrS e,fcsJUpepfonf jzpfay:vmcJh&ayonf/<br />

oifMum;ae&aom ynma&;onf rvGwfvyfaom tcsKyftcs,ftaESmiftzGJUcHxm;&aom uRefpD;yGm;a&;ESifh<br />

wygwnf; uRefaumif;rsm; xkwfvkyfa&;omjzpfcJhonf/ edkifiHjcm;om; e,fcsJUorm;tpdk;& tkyfpdk;rIpuf,EÅ&m; vnfywf<br />

Edkifa&;udkom &nf½G,fcJhayonf/ EdkifiHtusKd;udk pGrf;aqmifEdkif&ef? trsKd;om;pGrf;tm;udk BuD;rm;vmap&ef? trsKd;om;<br />

,Ofaus;rItiftm;pkBuD;jzpfvmap&ef &nf½G,f&rnfjzpfaom ynma&;pcef;wGif &yfwnfcGifhr&bJ e,fcsJUtpdk;&wdkY<br />

ay;orQudkom &,lae&aom ynma&;om jzpfcJhayonf/<br />

vGwfvyfaomEkdifiHjzpfvma&;? vGwfvyfaomocifynma&; (0g) trsKd;om;ynma&;udk qufpyfí e,fcsJU<br />

acwf tajctaersm;u awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&; wnfaqmufa&; a

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf udkvdkeDqefYusifa&;rsKd;aphudk tcdkiftrmcsEdkifaom umvjzpfcJhonf/ (20)<br />

&mpkESpftapmydkif; Ak'¨uvsmP,k0toif;onf OD;pGmyxr trsKd;om;pdwf"gwfudk azmfxkwftm;jznfhaomtaeESifh<br />

ay:aygufvmcJhonf/<br />

yxrurÇmppf 1914-18 ckESpf Oa&mywGif vGwfajrmufa&;ppfyGJrsm;onf jrefrmjynf\ EdkifiHjcm;pdk;rdk;rI<br />

qefYusifa&;tm; BuD;rm;pGm*,uf½kdufapcJhonfhtjyif Ak'üvsm,k0toif;ae&mwGif wqifhjrifhí ArmtrsKd;om;A[dk<br />

aumifpDjzpfay:vmNyD; 1921 ckESpfwGif nDvmcHrsm;ac:qdkum jyKjyifa&;udk awmif;qdkjcif;ESifh ArmhvGwfvyfa&; jyóem<br />

rsm;udk udkifwG,fcJhMuonf/ þodkY jzpf&jcif;rsm;onf udkvdkeDzdESdyfrItm; rcHr&yfEdkifvGef;aom jynfolrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

oydwftygt0if vIyf½Sm;rIBuD;aMumifh jzpfayonf/ 1920-22 ckESpf trsKd;om;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;ESifh wygwnf; (*sDpDbDat)<br />

0HomEktoif;\ OD;aqmifrIjzifh t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;tm; jyKjyifajymif;vJvmapcJhonf/<br />

jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; &mZ0ifrSwfwdkifBuD;jzpfonfh trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYudk zdESdyfrItcuftcJrsm; tMum;rS<br />

rSwfwrf;wifEkdifcJhonf/ trsKd;om;ausmif;rsm; wnfaxmifzGifhvSpfEdkifcJhonf/ ausmif;om;pnf;½kH;a&;ESifh ausmif;om;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; vdktyfvmaMumif; tajctaeu ñTefjycJhonf? ausmif;om;rsm;wGif wm0efrJh tacsmifa&omcdkvdkpdwfrsm;<br />

r0ifoifhaMumif;? e,fcsJUorm;rsm;\ vSnfhpm;jzm;a,mif;rIrsm;tm; em;ra,mifoifhaMumif;? trsKd;om;tiftm;pkrsm;<br />

nDñGwfoifhaMumif; oifcef;pmaumif;rsm; ay;tyfcJhayonf/<br />

1930-32 ckESpf q&mpHv,form; olykefxonfh vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;onf ArmhvlUtzGJYtpnf;tm; e,fcsJUqefYusif<br />

a&;twGuf jywfom;½Sif;vif;aom vrf;udk cif;usif;ay;cJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh rSefaom e,fcsJUudkvdkeD<br />

pepfqefYusifa&; oabmxm;udk csrSwfEdkifcJhNyD;aemuf 1931 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (9) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvf<br />

ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk wdkufyGJrsm;Mum;rS wnfaqmufcJhonf/ jrefrmjynfwGif yxrOD;qkH;aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>jzpfí<br />

t*FvefEdkifiH? atmufpzdkY'fwuúodkvf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif ygonfh ]ausmif;om;rsm;\ vlrIa&;b0wGif<br />

yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;? vGwfvyfa&; jrwfEdk;onfUpdwf"gwf ay:aygufa&;? ausmif;om;rsm;\ wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm; od½Sda&;}<br />

ponfh &nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk vkyfaqmifcJhavonf/<br />

wuoonf rsufESmjzLausmif;tkyfESifh tpdk;&\vSnfhpm;rIjzifh toGifysufcJh&m <strong>or*¾</strong>acgif;aqmifrsm;onf<br />

tvkyfaumif;&a&; wudk,faumif;pdwf arG;jrLa&; ponfh ocifynma&;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; ysufapEdkifonfh csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;<br />

udk jyKusifhcJhzl;Muonfudk 0rf;enf;pGmawGU½Sd&onf/ odkYaomf rD;wkwfausmif;om;rsm;\ BudK;yrf;csuft& ausmif;<br />

om;ta&;? trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;wdkYudk vkyfaqmif&rnf[laom todw&m;jzifh <strong>or*¾</strong>udk jyefí acgif;aqmifEdkifcJhonf/<br />

þvrf;c&D;udk jzwfoef;vIyf½Sm;&if; ocifygwD? wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;ESifh yl;wGJqufpyfvmcJhonf/ 1936-<br />

37 ckESpfwGif jrefrmwjynfvkH;rS ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;Edkifa&;twGuf jyifqifrIrsm;jyKvkyfum 1936 ckESpf *sLAvD<br />

a[m nDvmcHwGif jrefrmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>udk wnfaxmifEdkifcJhonf/ odkYaomf pepfusaom us,fjyefY<br />

aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; wnfNidrfrSefuefpGm pkpnf;Ekdif&ef zGJUpnf;ykHr½Sd[k ,lqEdkifayonf/<br />

1938 ckESpf (1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykH) onf e,fcsJUpepftm; 'kwd,tBudrf jyif;xefpGm xdk;ESufaom<br />

wdkufyGJodkY t&nftcsif;t& ul;ajymif;vmcJhonf/ a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm;? om,m0wDv,form;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;<br />

wdkY\ pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrIonf wdkufyGJtiftm;jzpfvmum ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf tqkH;tjzwfay;rnfh tcef;rS<br />

yg0ifcJhayonf/ e,fcsJUESifh azmufjyefa&; ½kyfao;tpdk;&wdkY\ vufcsufjzifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif Adkvfatmifausmf<br />

usqkH;cJh&onf/<br />

Auo? wuoESifh &efukefc½kdifausmif;om;rsm;\ nDñGwfaomvIyf½Sm;rIudk ausmif;om;rsm;ut&,l EdkifcJh<br />

onf/ udkvdkeDpepfrS vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ0,f e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;wyfaygif;pk tjrLawt&if;tjrpfudk OD;pGm&,lcJh<br />

aom 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykHonf jrefrmhvlrIawmfvSefa&;wGif BuD;rm;vSaom tcef;rS yg0ifcJhayonf/<br />

1941 ckESpfrS pwifjzpfay:cJhaom 'kwd,urÇmppftwGif; zufqpfqefYusifa&;wdkufyGJwGif Armhwyfom;aumif;<br />

rsm;tjzpf wyfOD;rS ausmif;om;vli,frsm; yg0ifEdkifcJhjcif;rSm <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ pnf;½kH;a&;tiftm;aMumifh jzpfonf/ zqyv<br />

tzGJYcsKyfudk us,fjyefYaom zufqpfqefYusifa&;trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pk taejzifh zGJUpnf;EdkifcJh&mwGif ausmif;om;acgif;<br />

aqmifa[mif;rsm;\ yg0ifaqmif½GufrIonf xda&mufvSayonf/<br />

zufqpf*syef vufxufwGifyif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\t½Sdeft0gudk r&rae xdef;odrf; ay;EdkifcJhonf/<br />

1945 ckESpf 'kwd,urÇmppftNyD; jrefrmjynfodkY t*FvdyfudkvdkeDtpdk;&onf tdE´d,jynf? qif;rvm;NrdKUrS jyefvnfajymif;<br />

a½TUvmNyD; qif;rvm;ynma&;pDrHudef; toGifwrsKd;aom udkvdkeDuRefynma&;udk ,laqmifoGwfoGif;cJhjyefonf/ ausmif;<br />

om;ESifh jynfolwdkYwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJESifh ocifynma&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; vrf;ñTefrIwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif<br />

- 17 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

&efjzpfvmcJhí Auo? wuo? &uoponfh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk jyefvnfí wnfaxmif zGJUpnf;jyefonf/<br />

t"duwm0efBuD;tjzpf vGwfvyfa&;awmif;qdkcsufudk tjyif;txefaqmif½GufcJhMuonf/ 1946 ckESpf taxG<br />

axGoydwfBuD;ESifh e,fcsJUorm;t*Fvdyftpdk;&tm; tusyfudkifwdkufcdkufaom vIyf½Sm;rIwGif wjynfvkH;rS ausmif;om;rsm;<br />

wuf

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

yGJ tNyD; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf 'kwd,wdk;csJU OD;pD;nDvmcHac:qdkum tzGJUcsKyf\ pnf;½kH;a&;oabmxm;ykHpHrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í<br />

tzGJUBuD;rm;us,fjyefYEdkifa&;udk OD;wnfaom þzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'udk ,m,Dtm;jzifh twnfjyKcJhayonf/<br />

,if;tzGJUtpnf;\ t"du&nf½G,fcsufrsm;rSm ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f<br />

xdef;odrf;a&;? vGwfvyfa&; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkYudk tajccHxm;í wjynfvkH;vTrf;jcHK udk,fpm;jyKaomtzGJU<br />

csKyfBuD; jzpfvmapa&;udk toGifaqmifapcJhonf/<br />

vuf½Sd,m,D twnfjyKxm;aom zGJUpnf;ykH\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;ESifh ykHpHrsm;onf vuf½Sdjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh pyf[yfae<br />

í trsKd;om;ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; National Students Organisation (or) National Union of Students<br />

wckjzpfvma&;odkY OD;wnfcJhayonf/ 1947 ckESpfrS pí urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> I.U.S (International Union<br />

of Students) ESifh w&m;0ifqufoG,fvmcJh&m Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm; tusKd;jyK<br />

aprnfh &nf½G,fcsufESifh ykHpHrsm;udkvnf; þpnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif ñTefjyxm;ayonf/<br />

,aeY ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH;udk vTrf;jcHKonfh udk,fpm;jyKonfh pnf;½kH;a&;ykHpHtwGuf wef;jrifhausmif;rsm;?<br />

c½kdifjrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif; ynmoifausmif;rsm;? pufrIvuffrIausmif;rsm;? aumvdyfausmif;rsm;?<br />

wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;ESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;udkyg tajccHxm;aom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'jzpfonf/<br />

tem*wfArmjynf\ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf wckwnf;aom tus,fjyefYqkH;aom trsKd;om;ausmif;om;<br />

tzGJUtpnf;BuD; w&yfjzpfay:a&;? wnfaqmufEdkifa&;udk &nfrSef;í þnDvmcHBuD;wGif tajccsay;jcif; jzpfayonf/<br />

Armhausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIwGif xl;jcm;vmaom oabmudk aqmif,laeonfh þzGJUpnf;ykHtm; &JabmfwdkY tawGUtMuHK<br />

aumif;rsm;udk &if;ESD;pGmzvS,ffMuí aqG;aEG;a0zef jyifqifjznfhpGuf Muapvdkonf/ þnDvmcHBuD;rS wcJeuf twnfjyK<br />

Mu&ef jzpfayonf/<br />

aehYpGJ- 1960 ck? atmufwdkbmv (19) &uf<br />

- 19 -<br />

trIaqmiftzGJY<br />

ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>taqmuftOD<br />

&efukefwuúodkvf<br />

&efukefNrdKY

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf<br />

\<br />

zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

tcef; (1)<br />

trnf<br />

1/ / þtzGJUudk ]ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf} [k ac:wGifap&rnf/ twdkaumuftm;jzifh<br />

]Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf} [k ac:a0:vdrfhrnf/<br />

tcef; (2)<br />

&nf½G,fcsufrsm;<br />

2/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;rSm atmufygwdkYjzpfonf/<br />

(u) 'Drdkua&pDynma&; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ef?<br />

(c) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; um,? ÓP? pm&dwå? rdwåAvrsm;ESifh jynfhpkHapNyD; jynfcspfpdwf"gwfudk arG;jrL<br />

zGHUNzdK;apum wdkif;jynfESifhvlYabmif\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifEdkifapa&; twGuf<br />

aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(*) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,f&ef?<br />

(C) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIudk xdef;odrf;apmifha½SmufzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef?<br />

(i) vGwfvyfa&; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;twGuf aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(p) urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(q) e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;ESifh zufqpfqefYusifa&;wGif tm;ay;aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(Z) ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&ef? urÇmw0Srf;½Sdausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJY<br />

tpnf;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm qufoG,fyl;aygif; aqmif½Guf&ef/<br />

tcef; (3)<br />

vkyfief;pOfrsm;<br />

3/ / txufyg &nf½G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifa&;twGuf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfonf atmufyg vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk<br />

vkyfudkifaqmif½Gufrnf/<br />

(u) 'Drdkua&pDynma&;udk wnfaqmufEdkif&eftwGuf ynma&;udk ydkrdktqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vmap&ef<br />

ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;? ESD;aESmzvS,faqG;aEG;rIrsm;? nDvmcHrsm; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm;jzifh aqmif<br />

½Gufjcif;/<br />

(c) upm;ckefpm;NydKifyGJrsm;udk usif;yay;jcif;/<br />

(*) upm;ckefpm; avhusifhrIrsm;udk tm;ay;jcif;/<br />

(C) ausmif;om;wdkif;\ ynmavhvmqnf;yl;a&;ESifh ywfoufí vdktyforQ tultnDrsm;udk ay;jcif;?<br />

aqG;aEG;&ef tzGJUi,frsm;udk zGJUpnf;OD;aqmifjcif;/<br />

(i) pum;&nfvkyGJrsm;? pmpDpmukH;NydKifyGJrsm;? a[majymyGJrsm;udk usif;yay;jcif;/<br />

(p) pmoifwef;rsm; zGifhvSpfay;jcif;/<br />

(q) pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfay;jcif;? pmapmifrsm; xkwfa0rIwdkYudk OD;pD;jyKvkyfay;jcif;/<br />

(Z) pnf;urf;udk ½kdaoatmifavhusifhay;jcif;/<br />

(ps) udk,fusifhw&m; aumif;rGefa&;? pdwf"mwf jrifhjrwfa&;? trsm;ESifhcspfcif&if;ESD;pGm aewwfa&; paom<br />

pdwf"gwfrsm;udkoGif;ay;jcif;/<br />

- 20 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

(n) vkyftm;udk ½kdaoaom pdwf"gwf? tvkyfudk cspfjrwfEdk;aom pdwf"gwfrsm; &½Sdatmif jyKvkyfay;jcif;/<br />

(#) pkaygif;vkyfaqmif&aomtvkyf? apwemh0efxrf;tvkyf? oefY½Sif;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk OD;pD;aqmif½Gufjcif;/<br />

(X) trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI? wdkif;&if;om;,Ofaus;rIrsm;udk avhvmrIudk tm;ay;jcif;? ,Ofaus;rIyGJawmfrsm;?<br />

NydKifyGJrsm; toD;oD; usif;yay;jcif;/<br />

(!) vGwfvyfa&; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;? urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,fa&;? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf<br />

qefYusifa&; paom ta&;udpörsm;wGif ausmif;om;ESifh trsKd;om;tusKd;twGuf jzpfygu ausmif;om;<br />

qE´ ausmif;om;tm;ESifh 0ifa&mufaqmif½Gufjcif;/<br />

(¡) jrefrmwEdkifiHvkH;½Sd ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;udk ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;om;qE´? ausmif;om;<br />

tiftm;wdkYjzifh ausmif;om;xkudpörsm;wGif yl;wGJaqmif½GufMujcif;jzifh ckdifrmpGmwnfaqmufjcif;/<br />

(P) vli,f? trsKd;orD; tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh tusKd;wludpörsm;wGif cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufjcif;/<br />

(w) urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> (International Union of Students) ESifh w&m;0ifqufoG,fí urÇm<br />

w0Srf;vkH;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh cspfMunfpGm vufwGJaqmif½Gufjcif;/<br />

(x) tdrfeD;em;csif;wdkif;jynfrsm;ESifh tm½Swdkif;jynfrsm;rS ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh txl;cspfMunf&if;ESD;pGm<br />

qufqHjcif;/<br />

(') Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifa&;twGuf vdktyfonf[k ,lqaom tjcm;vkyfief;<br />

pOfrsm;udk aqmif½Gufjcif;/<br />

tcef; (4)<br />

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf0if jzpfrI<br />

4/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfodkY tzGJUvdkuf qufoG,fyg0ifEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

5/ / tzGJUvkdufyg0if&rnfh Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;rSm wuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? aumvdyf<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;?<br />

toufarG;0rf;aMumif;qdkif&m ausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pk ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? c½kdif<br />

ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;? NrdKUe,f ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;wdkY jzpfonf/<br />

6/ / tzGJUvdkufyg0ifMuonfh ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;onf yk*¾dKvft&vnf; tvdktavsmuf<br />

Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm; jzpfvmMuonf/<br />

7/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½GufEdkifcGifh? ausmif;<br />

om;<strong>or*¾</strong> a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJay;EdkifcGifh? ta½G;cHEdkifcGifhESifh tcsKdUaomtcGifhta&;rsm;wGif OD;pm;ay;&½SdEdkifcGifhwdkY<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

8/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rSm Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk<br />

vufcHvdkufemjcif;? Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? owfrSwfxm;aom <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;<br />

ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;udk ay;aqmifjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/<br />

9/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;onf EkwfxGufEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/ EkwfxGufaom tzGJUtpnf;udk vufcH&mwGif<br />

A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu ,m,DvufcHEdkifonf/<br />

10/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf0ifrsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhywfoufaom jypfrIusL;vGefjcif;aMumifh tzGJU0iftjzpfrS xkwfy,f<br />

ypfEdkifonftxd tjypf'Pfay;Edkifonf/ tjypf'PfudkrauseyfvQif tqifhjrifhaom <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJUrSonf EdkifiHvkH;<br />

qdkif&m nDvmcHtxd t,lcHcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

11/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfwGif tzGJU0iftjzpfvufcHjcif;? tzGJU0iftjzpfrSxkwfy,fjcif; paomudpörsm;udk aqmif½Guf<br />

&mwGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/<br />

tcef; (5)<br />

Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyfzGJYpnf;ykH<br />

12/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfonf wEdkifiHvkH;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk tzGJUtpnf;tvdkuf pkpnf;xm;aom tzGJUcsKyf<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

13/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfzGJUpnf;ykHrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/<br />

(u) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH<br />

- 21 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

(c) EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh<br />

(*) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

(C) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,faomausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

(i) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

(p) c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

(q) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

tcef; (6)<br />

EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf)<br />

14/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfwGif tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/<br />

15/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifonf/<br />

(u) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(c) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,fxm;aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(*) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(C) c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(i) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

16/ / udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavsmfovdk owfrSwfydkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

17/ / nDvmcHudk omreftm;jzifh (18) v wBudrf usif;y&rnf/ odkYaomf vkHavmufaomtaMumif;½SdvQif A[dk<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUu a½TUqdkif;ac:,lEdkifonf/<br />

18/ / nDvmcHac:,la&;ESifh ywfoufonfh tcsdef? aeY&uf? pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh<br />

½Sdonf/<br />

19/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ owfrSwfqkH;jzwfcsufudk rauseyfvQif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif wifjyuefYuGuf<br />

Edkifonf/<br />

20/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ okH;ykHwykH½Sdaom tzGJUvdkuf qufoG,fxm;aom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;u awmif;qdk<br />

vQif nDvmcHudk ac:qdkay;&rnf/<br />

21/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif atmufygudpörsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; qkH;jzwfEdkifonf/<br />

(u) Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfESifh ywfoufaom udpörsm;/<br />

(c) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; oufa&mufxdcdkufEdkifonfh wEdkifiHvkH;? wrsKd;om;vkH;ESifh wurÇmvkH;qdkif&m<br />

ta&;udpörsm;/<br />

22/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk nDvmcHwGif wifoGif;&rnf/<br />

23/ / A[kdtrIaqmiftzGJUudk nDvmcHwGif a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/ a½G;aumufjcif;qdkif&m enf;Oya'rsm;udk<br />

A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUuaomf vnf;aumif;? nDvmcHuaomf vnf;aumif; jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

24/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHonf wufa&muf&ef owfrSwfxm;onfh OD;a&\ xuf0ufESifh wOD;ydkí wufa&muf<br />

vQif w&m;0ifxajrmufonf/<br />

tcef; (7)<br />

EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh<br />

25/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) rS vGJvQif tmPmtydkifqkH; jzpfonf/<br />

26/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhwGif atmufygyk*¾Kdvfrsm;yg0ifonf/<br />

(u) A[dktrIaqmiftzJGU0ifrsm;<br />

(c) tzGJUvdkufqufoG,faom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(*) jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(C) c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(i) NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

27/ / udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk A[kdtrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavsmfovdk owfrSwfEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

- 22 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

28/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhudk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu ESpfywfvnf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) ESpfck<br />

tMum;wGif omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif wBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/ A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m uGefz&ifhudk<br />

a½TUqdkif;xm;jcif;aomf vnf;aumif;? ta&;ay:uGefz&ifhtjzpf ac:,ljcif;udkaomf vnf;aumif; jyKvkyfEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

29/ / owfrSwfxm;aom OD;a&\ xuf0ufxuf wOD;ydkí wufa&mufvQif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf w&m;0if<br />

txajrmufonf/<br />

30/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhwGif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;\ vkyfief;rsm;udk ppfaq;a0zefjcif;? Auorsm;<br />

tzGJUcsKyfESifh oufqdkifaom udpörsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; qkH;jzwfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/<br />

31/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUtm; ,m,Dtm;jzifh jzKwfcsjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;? Auo<br />

rsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk ,m,Dtm;jzifh jyifqifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

32/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifh\ qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcHwGif t,lcHEdkifonf/<br />

33/ / EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhrS ,m,Dajymif;vJxm;aom A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;?<br />

,m,Djyifqifxm;aom zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH pnf;rsOf;Oya'onf vnf;aumif;? aemifwGif EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*<br />

&uf) \ twnfjyKrIudk r&vifhupm; xdkMum;umvwGif w&m;0ifonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/<br />

tcef; (8)<br />

A[dktrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

34/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) ESifh EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhwdkY NyD;vQif tmPm<br />

tydkifqkH;jzpfí þzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'u cGifhjyKxm;orQaom Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ udpöwdkYudk qkH;jzwfaqmif<br />

½Guf ydkifcGifh½Sdonf/ vufatmufcH<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ udpörsm;wGifvnf; tMuHay;cGifh? yl;aygif;aqmif½GufcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

35/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUwGif atmufygyk*¾Kdvfrsm;yg0ifonf/<br />

(u) Ouú|<br />

(c) 'k-Ouú|rsm;<br />

(*) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(C) twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;<br />

rSwfcsuf- A[dktrIaqmifOD;a&ESifh Xmersm;udk A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhawmfonf[k ,lqonfhtwdkif; owfrSwfEdkif<br />

cGifh½Sdonf/<br />

36/ / 'k-Ouú|rsm;ESifh twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;rSm c½kdifNrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm; qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pD? wuúodkvf<br />

rsm;qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pD? aumvdyfrsm;qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pD? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;qdkif&m ausmif;rsm;twGuf<br />

wOD;pD? jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;qdkif&mtwGuf wOD;pDESifh tjcm;vdktyfaom XmeBuD;rsm;twGuf twGif;a&;<br />

rSL; wOD;pDwifajr§muf&efjzpfonf/<br />

37/ / azmfjycJhNyD;aom XmeBuD;rsm;ESifh b@ma&;? pnf;½kH;a&;? jyefMum;a&; paomXmersm;twGuf vkyfief;us,fjyefY<br />

Edkifeif;ap&eftwGuf AsL½kdrsm;zGJUpnf; aqmif½GufEdkifonf/<br />

38/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf ta&;ay:vkyfief;rsm;twGuf oufqdkif&maumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;aqmif½GufEdkifcGifh<br />

½Sdonf/<br />

39/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf omreftm;jzifh wvvQifwBudrf tpnf;ta0; usif;y&rnf/<br />

40/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifOD;a&\ av;ykHwykHu awmif;qdkvQif A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;udk ac:qdkay;<br />

&rnf/<br />

41/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0if OD;a&\xuf0ufxuf wOD;ydkí wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0;rSm w&m;0if tx<br />

ajrmufonf/ ta&;wBuD; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif trIaqmiftzGJU0ifOD;a&\ okH;ykHwykHwufa&mufvQif w&m;0if tx<br />

ajrmufonf/<br />

42/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYtm; ,m,Dtm;jzifh Ekwfy,fí jznfhpGufcefYxm;EdkifcGifh<br />

½Sdonf/<br />

43/ / A[dktrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYonf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&mwGif tzGJUvdkufaomf<br />

vnf;aumif;? wOD;csif;taeESifhaomf vnf;aumif; wm0ef½Sdap&rnf/ pkaygif;acgif;aqmifrIESifh wGJzufwm0efcHrsm;<br />

vnf; ½Sd&rnf/<br />

- 23 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

A[dktrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

Ouú|<br />

'k-Ouú|rsm;<br />

c½kdif-NrdKYe,f vlrsKd;pk oufarG; aumvdyf wuúodkvf<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;<br />

c½kdif-NrdKYe,f vlrsKd;pk oufarG; aumvdyf wuúodkvf<br />

Xmewm0efcHrsm;<br />

ynm b@m pnf;½kH; jyefMum; EkdifiHjcm; oufomacsmifcsd upm;ckefpm; ,Ofaus;rI<br />

tcef; (9)<br />

Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyfodkh tzGJYvdkufqufoG,faom ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

44/ / ¤if;ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rSm 'Drdkua&pDusaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ESifhtnD pepfwuszGJUpnf;xm;aom<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;jzpf&rnf/<br />

15/ / ¤if;ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ oufqdkif&mvkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ taxGaxG<br />

vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk rqefYusifapbJ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGm aqmif½GufEdkifcGifh ½Sdonf/ odkYaomf tjyifty tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh<br />

qufoG,f&mwGif vnf;aumif;? yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&mwGif vnf;aumif; Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\oabmwlnDrIudk &½Sd&rnf/<br />

46/ / ¤if;wdkY\udpörsm;udk aqmif½Guf&mwGif Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ yl;aygif;aqmif½GuffrI tultnDwdkYudk awmif;<br />

qdk &,lEdkifonf/<br />

tcef; (10)<br />

jynfe,fESifUvlrsKd;pkausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

47/ / ArmEdkifiHjynfe,frsm;twGif;½Sd ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf ¤if;wdkYa'o½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm; wGifus,f<br />

atmifjrifa&;twGuf jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pk ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif EdkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

48/ / ¤if;ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk jynfe,fESifh vlrsKd;pkw&yfvkH;qdkif&m nDvmcHrsm;rS a½G;aumufwifajr§muf<br />

&rnf/<br />

- 24 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

49/ / ¤if;nDvmcHrsm; ac:qdka&;ESifh oufqdkif&m trIaqmiftzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;a&;udk jynfe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

trIaqmiftzGJUrsm;u oifhawmfonfhtwdkif; qkH;jzwfaqmif½GufoGm;Edkifonf/<br />

tcef; (11)<br />

c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

50/ / c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk c½dkifnDvmcHrsm;wGif wifajr§mufzGJUpnf;&rnf/<br />

51/ / c½dkifnDvmcHrsm;udk c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftzGJUu oifawmfonf[k ,lq owfrSwfonfhtwdkif;<br />

usif;y&rnf/<br />

52/ / c½dkifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk atmifjrifatmif aqmif½Guf&mwGif<br />

tvGef tcsuftcsmusaom ae&mwGif wnf½Sdojzifh wc½kdifvkH;½Sd ausmif;om;ta&;udpö vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;wGif av;eufpGm<br />

wm0ef,lí tajrmftjrifBuD;rI? uRrf;usifvdr®mrI? &J&ifhjywfom;rI? owåd½SdrIwdkYESifh vkHYv0D&d,BuD;pGm pdkufxkwfum<br />

BudK;yrf; aqmif½GufMu&rnf/<br />

tcef; (12)<br />

NrdKYe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

53/ / NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> trIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfqkH;jzwfonfhtwdkif; usif;yaom NrdKUe,fnDvmcH<br />

rsm;wGif ¤if;ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk wifajr§mufzGJUpnf;&rnf/<br />

54/ / ¤if;wdkYonf NrdKUe,ftwGif;½Sd ausmif;om;udpörsm;udk wm0ef,laqmif½GufMu&rnf/<br />

tcef; (13)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>qdkif&mqufqHa&;rlrsm;<br />

55/ / ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\qufqHa&;rSm 'Drdkua&pDudk tajccHaom A[kdcsKyfudkifenf;pepf (Democratic<br />

Centralism) t& jzpf&rnf/<br />

56/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk ausmif;om;xku 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;<br />

tqifhqifhudk atmufajcrS a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;jzifh zGJUpnf;&rnf/<br />

57/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>tqifhqifhwdkYonf txufrSay;aom ñTefMum;csufrsm;udk atmufrSemcH aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

58/ / tqkH;tjzwfrsm;udk rsm;&mpkjzifh jyKvkyf&rnf/ tenf;pkonf trsm;pk\qkH;jzwfcsufudk emcH&rnf/<br />

59/ / trsm;pk\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk remcHvdkaomf tenf;pkonf ausmif;om;xkudk 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& pnf;½kH;um<br />

rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifu trsm;pkjzpfatmif BudK;yrf;í qkH;jzwfcsufudk jyefvnfjyifqifEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif trsm;pkqkH;jzwf<br />

csufudk remcHvdkí toif;tzGJUcGJí wnfaxmifjcif;? igwaumaumjcif;rsm;udk rjyKvkyf&/<br />

60/ / tenf;pk\ xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf trsm;pkwdkYu us,fjyefYaom<br />

'Drdkua&pD½Sdap&ef wm0efcH&rnf/<br />

61/ / txuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf atmuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYxH ñTefMum;rIESifh vdktyforQaom tultnDrsm;udk<br />

ay;&rnf/<br />

62/ / atmuftzGJUtpnf;wdkYonf txuftzGJUtpnf;wkdYxH tajctaet&yf&yfqdkif&m tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk ay;ydkYNyD;<br />

txufrS ñTefMum;onfwdkdYukd atmifjrifxajrmufatmif BudK;yrf;aqmif½GufMu&rnf/<br />

tcef; (14)<br />

b@ma&;<br />

63/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ b@ma&;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifaMu;? ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;ESifh tvSLaiGrsm;rS &½Sdonf/<br />

64/ / <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ b@ma&;udk b@ma&;rSL;rsm;ESifh b@ma&;aumfrwDrsm;u ½SmMuHpkaqmif;NyD; okH;pGJa&;<br />

udkvnf; ¤if;wdkYuyif pepfwuscGJa0 ay;&rnf/<br />

65/ / wESpfvQifwBudrf owfrSwfxm;aom pm&if;ppfrsm;u <strong>or*¾</strong> b@ma&;tajctaeudk ppfaq;NyD;aemuf<br />

b@ma&;rSL;u trIaqmiftzGJUodkY b@ma&; tpD&ifcHpmwapmifudk wifoGif;&rnf/<br />

- 25 -

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

tcef; (15)<br />

ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;<br />

66/ / ausmif;ydwf&uf twGif;wGif ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>\ udpörsm;udk qufvuf aqmif½Guf&eftwGuf <strong>or*¾</strong>½kH;pdkuf<br />

&mXmewGif aexdkifaom okH;OD;xufrenf;aom trIaqmiftzGJU0ifwdkYtm; ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;tjzpf vuf½Sd<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUu cefYxm;aMunm&rnf/<br />

67/ / ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHwdkYonf <strong>or*¾</strong>tzGJUtpnf;wckvkH;ESifh oufqdkifaom udpöBuD;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf<br />

ajz½Sif;EdkifcGifh r½Sd/ udpöBuD;rsm;udk aqmif½Gufajz½Sif;&eftwGuf trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,lí wm0efudkjyefvnf<br />

tyfESif;&rnf/<br />

68/ / ausmif;jyefzGifhaomtcg ausmif;ydwf&ufwm0efcHrsm;u trIaqmiftzGJUtm; wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk jyefvnf<br />

vTJtyfay;&rnf/<br />

tcef; (16)<br />

Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf\ tvH? wHqdyfESifU oDcsif;<br />

69/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\tvHrSm teDa&mifatmufcHwGif a½T0ga&mif cGyfa'gif;onf a½T0ga&mif puf0dkif;twGif;<br />

wGif udk,fydkif;usa&mufvsuf yg½Sdap&rnf/ tvH\t½G,fyrmPrSm tvsm; (9) ay? teH (5) ayjzpfonf/ BuD;i,fr[l<br />

¤if;tcsKd;tpm; tvdkufjzpfap&rnf/<br />

70/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\wHqdyfrSm urÇmvkH;ykHoP²mef aemufcHpuf0dkif;twGif;wGif pmtkyfzGifhvsufykH yg½Sdapí<br />

pmtkyfykH\vuf0JbufeHab;wGif rD;wkwfudk vufjzifhudkifaqmifxm;aomykH uyfvsufyg½Sdap&rnf/ puf0dkif; tem;w<br />

avsmufwGif ywfvnf0ef;&Hvsuf jrefrmbmomtm;jzifh ]ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf}<br />

t*Fvdyfbmomtm;jzifh "All Burma Federation of Student Unions" [k a&;om;&rnf/<br />

Auorsm; tzGJYcsKyf tvHESifU wHqdyf<br />

71/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ oDcsif;rSm - (wzufpmrsufESmwGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/)<br />

tcef; (17)<br />

zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'jyifqifa&;<br />

72/ / Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyf\ ]zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHpnf;rsOf;Oya'} udk EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mnDvmcH (uGef*&uf) ü jyifqif<br />

jcif;? jznfhpGufjcif;? Ekwfy,fjcif;? zsufodrf;jcif;wdkYudk nDvmcHwufa&mufol okH;ykHESpfykH\ oabmwlnDcsuft& jyK<br />

vkyfEdkifonf/<br />

73/ / ,m,Djyifqifcsufrsm;udk EdkifiHvkH;qkdif&muGefz&ifhwGif wufa&mufol okH;ykHESpfykH\ oabmwlnDcsuft&<br />

ûyvkyfEdkifonf/<br />

jznfUpGufcsufrsm;<br />

tcef; (1)? tydk'f 1 wGif jznfUpGuf&ef<br />

t*Fvdyfbmomtm;jzifh "All Burma Federation of Student Unions" [k ac:wGifapí twdkaumuf<br />

tm;jzifh "A.B.F.S.U" [k ac:a0:&vdrfhrnf/<br />

- 26 -<br />

Auorsm; tzJGYcsKyfwHqdyfudk 1950-51 ckESpfrS pwiftwnf<br />

jyK oHk;pJGcJU onf/ ¤if;wHqdyfrSm urÇmhausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzJGYcsKyf<br />

(International Union of Students - IUS) \<br />

rl&if;wHqdyfjzpfNyD; cGifUjyKcsufawmif;í oHk;pJGcJUonf/ ,aehtxd<br />

qufvuftoHk;jyKaeqJjzpfonf/

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

pmrsufESm (18)? tcef; (7)? tydk'f (28) atmufwGif oD;oefhtydk'ftjzpf xnfUoGif;&ef<br />

EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&muGefz&ifhodkY wufa&mufEdkifcGifh½Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;OD;a&\ okH;ykHwykHu awmif;qdkvQif A[dktrI<br />

aqmiftzGJUu EdkifiHvkH;qkdif&muGefz&ifhudk ac:,lay;&rnf/<br />

1958 ck? Mo*kwfv (15-16) &ufaehrsm;wGif &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> taqmuftODü<br />

usif;yaom 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wdk;csJY OD;pD;nDvmcHwGif wifoGif; ,m,DtwnfjyKonf/<br />

1960 ck? atmufwdkbmv (20-21-22-23-24) &ufaehrsm;wGif usif;yaom (6) Budrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvkH;<br />

qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;tzGJYcsKyf EkdifiHvkH;qdkif&muGef*&ufwGif wifoGif;twnfjyKonf/<br />

atmifyJGtqufquf cHOD;rnf<br />

usm; / / igwkdY ausmif;om; aygif;pnf;vkdY nD&rnf - - trsKd;om;a&;ukd BudKqkdzkdY&nf - -<br />

'Drkdua&pDynma&;twGuf&nf - -—wdkYtom; wdkYtaoG;paw;vSLrnf - -<br />

r / / igwkd hausmif;om; aygif;pnf;vkdY nD&rnf - -—trsKd;om;a&;ukd BudKqkdzkdY&nf - -<br />

vGwfvyfckdifjrJ t"GefY &SnfzkdYtwnf—- - jynfcspfpdwf"gwf arG;pkdY nD— - -<br />

usm; / / a[ - - nDnDnmnm - - vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;rnf—- - zufqpf0g'Dwkdufzsufrnf -<br />

a[ - nDnDnmnm—- - vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;rnf - e,fcsJ h&efukd wGef;NzdKrnf - -<br />

r / / ausmif;om;todESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhwifjyrnf—- - aoG;pnf;vkdY yif &mZ0ifcef;quf&Snf<br />

b0opf rkefwkdif; vSrf;csDzkdY &nf - -— atmifyJGtqufquf cHzl;onf—<br />

usm; / / a[—- - atmifNyD atmifNyD Nidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;rnf—- - zufqpf0g'Dwkdufzsufrnf<br />

a[ - - atmifNyD atmifNyD vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;rnf - - e,fcsJU &efukd wGef;NzdKrnf -<br />

r / / ausmif;om;todESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhwifjyrnf - -—aoG;pnf;vkdY yif &mZ0ifcef;quf&Snf<br />

Auorsm;tzJGUcsKyfOD;aqmif—- - atmifyJGtqufquf cHOD;rnf - -/<br />

t"dywdrsm;? tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;? armfuGef;xdef;rsm; (1920-62)<br />

wuúodkvft"dywdrsm;<br />

1920-23 qm&,f*sDe,f[ife&Dc&ufa'guf<br />

1923-25 qmpyifqm[mukwfbwÅvm<br />

1925 qm0DvsH*Refud<br />

1925-27 qmpyifqm[mukwfbwÅvm<br />

1928-30 qmcsm;vfpftvufZif;'g;tif;epf<br />

1930-31 qm*sKd;ZufMo*wfpwyfarmifBuD;<br />

1931-32 qmcsm;vfpftvufZif;'g;tif;epff<br />

1932-36 qm[l;vif;pa'gif;pwDzifqifh<br />

wuúodkvfudk,fpm;t"dywdrsm;<br />

1947 0efBuD;apmpHzdk;oif<br />

1948 0efBuD;Adkvfbdk;uGef;<br />

1948 0efBuD;OD;xGef;jrifh (vif;ac;)<br />

À<br />

- 27 -<br />

1936-39 qmtmpDabma'gufuvyfaumhu&drf;<br />

1939-42 OD;wifxG#f<br />

1947-56 EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ek<br />

1956-57 EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;AaqG<br />

1957-58 EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ek<br />

1958-60 EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;<br />

1960-62 EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ek

1948-49 0efBuD;OD;0if;<br />

1949 0efBuD;ref;0if;armif<br />

1949-50 0efBuD;OD;xGef;az<br />

1950-56 0efBuD;OD;oef;atmif<br />

1956-58 0efBuD;OD;xGef;wif<br />

1958 0efBuD;OD;&m½Spf<br />

1958 0efBuD;ocifwif<br />

1958 0efBuD;OD;armifausmfuH<br />

1958-60 0efBuD;OD;um<br />

1960 0efBuD;a'gufwm{armif<br />

wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywdrsm;<br />

1920-21 qmcsm;vfpfarmf*ef0ufAf<br />

1921-27 qma&mbwfppf'eD*sKdif;vfpf<br />

1927-31 qmbif*srif;[m;Awf[D;vf'f<br />

1931-38 a'gufwmOD;quf<br />

1938-39 qmjrbl;<br />

1939-42 a'gufwmOD;quf<br />

1947-49 OD;umpD<br />

1949-52 w&m;0efBuD; OD;{armif<br />

1952-58 w&m;0efBuD; OD;bdkBuD;<br />

1958-59 a'gufwmxifatmif<br />

1959 OD;pHvGif<br />

aemufqufwGJ (30)<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½Sd? tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;ESifU ygarmu©csKyf<br />

1945-46 rpöwmt,fvfxifpD<br />

1946-47 a'gufwmxifatmif (ynma&;)? a'gufwmvSbl; (jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;)? OD;b (tkyfcsKyfa&;)<br />

1947-58 a'gufwmxifatmif<br />

1959-61 a'gufwmvSjrifh<br />

1961 a'gufwmomvS<br />

1962 OD;um<br />

wuúodkvfarmfuGef;xdef;rsm;<br />

1920-22 rpöwm'vsLtdefav<br />

1922-27 rpöwmatuif;bJ<br />

1927-28 rpöwmatom*k<br />

1928-33 rpöwmatuif;bJ<br />

1933-35 rpöwmbDtm&fyef;<br />

1935-42 rpöwmt,fvfxifpD<br />

1947-53 OD;,kcif<br />

ynma&;<br />

1953-59 OD;,kcif<br />

1959-61 OD;boef;<br />

1961 OD;armifarmifpdef<br />

- 28 -<br />

tkyfcsKyfa&;<br />

1953- 59 OD;odef;armif<br />

1959- 61 OD;armifarmifpdef<br />

1961 OD;vSatmif

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

'Drdku&wfwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJU<br />

ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

\<br />

zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

r*FvmpmyHkESdyfwdkuf<br />

trSwf (462) AdkvfcsKyfawmif vrf;rawmf<br />

yef;yJwef;<br />

armfvNrdKifNrdKY<br />

- 29 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

'Drdku&wfwpfausmif;om;rsm;tzGJY<br />

ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

\<br />

zGJYpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

tcef; (1)<br />

yk'fr- (1) trnf<br />

þtzGJUtpnf;udk ]ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>} [kac:wGifap&rnf/ twdkcsKyftm;jzifh ]Auo}<br />

[k ac:wGifap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (2) txdrf;trSwfESifU tvH<br />

Auo\ txdrf;trSwfwHqdyfwHk;onf axmifhpGef;ig;ck½Sdaom Mu,fBuD;udk Mu,fi,fig;vHk;jcH&HNyD;?<br />

Mu,fBuD;\ tv,fwGif ArmjynfyHkyg½Sdap&rnf? ¤if;ArmjynfyHktv,fwGif zGifhxm;aom pmtkyfyHkyg½Sdap&rnf/<br />

txdrf;trSwf\ ab;ywfvnfpuf0dkif;ESpfckMum;wGif ]]ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>}} ESifh ]XmecsKyf} [laom<br />

pmwrf;yg½Sdap&rnf/<br />

c½kdifNrdKUe,frsm;\ wHqddyfwHk;rsm;rSm ]ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m? ausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ}} ESifh oufqdkif&m c½kdif<br />

(odkYr[kwf) NrdKUe,frsm;\ trnfrsm; yg½Sdap&rnf/<br />

Auo\tvHonf teDa&mifaemufcHum; tay:wGif tjzLa&mifcGyfa'gif;yHk yg½Sdap&NyD;? ¤if;cGyfa'gif;yHk\<br />

udk,fydkif;onf puf0dkif;wcktwGif;wGif ½Sdap&rnf/ xdktvH\ vuf0Jbuftxufa'gifhpGef;wGif a'gifhpGef; (5) ck½Sdaom<br />

Mu,fjzLwck yg½Sdap&rnf/<br />

yrmP- tvH\t½G,ftpm;rSm tvsm; (9) ay? teH (5) ayjzpfapNyD; BuD;i,fr[l xdktcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf jzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (3) wnfae&mESifU tus,ft0ef;<br />

AuoXmecsKyf\ wnf&mXmerSm omreftm;jzifh &efukefNrdKUwGifjzpfapNyD;? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfw0Srf;<br />

vHk;wGif zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (4) &nf½G,fcsufrsm;<br />

(1) jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEkdifiHawmf\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;apmifha½Smuf vdkufem<br />

&ef?<br />

(2) 'Drdkua&pD0g'udk avhvmusifhoHk;&ef?<br />

(3) Nidrfcsrf;a&;ESifh wnfwHcdkifjrJa&;udk ausmif;om;xktif;tm;jzifh tpGrf;ukef&,l&ef?<br />

(4) ½Srf;? csif;? u&if? u,m;? rGef? &cdkif? jrefrmtp½Sdaom jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om; tm;vHk;wdkY\<br />

pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;udk aqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(5) vGwfvyfNyD;aom jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHawmfBuD;udk wdkif;wyg;om;wdkY vufodkYxdk;tyfí uRefb0odkY<br />

jyefvnfusqHk;aprnfh jynfwGif;rsKd;zsuf opömazmufwdkU\ ckwHk;taejzifh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;tm;<br />

aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;aeaom ausmif;om;opömazmufrsm;udk ausmif;om;avmurS tukeftpOf wdkuf<br />

xkwf&ef?<br />

- 30 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

(6) EkdifiHawmfom,m0ajyma&;twGuf yg0ifaqmif½Guf&ef?<br />

(7) jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHawmf\ ,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef;udk jr§ifhwif&ef?<br />

(8) acwfrDSaom wdkif;jynftjzpfodkY wdk;jr§ifh&mwGif vdktyfonfh avmu"gwfq&mrsm;? tif*sifeD,mrsm;?<br />

q&m0efrsm; tp½Sdonfh xl;cRefaom ynmwwfausmif;om;rsm;pGm ay:aygufvmap&eftwGuf tqifht<br />

wef;jr§ifhaom ynma&;udk wnfaqmuf&ef/<br />

(9) ausmif;om;rsm;\ w&m;rQwpGm&oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tEkenf;jzifhawmif;qdk&ef/<br />

(10) jynfaxmifpk ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ pnf;vHk;rItaqmufttHk cdkifrmawmifhwif;vmatmif<br />

zefwD;&ef/<br />

(11) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyóemwdkif;wGif ausmif;om;xk\ qE´jzifh<br />

ajz½Sif;&ef/<br />

(12) ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk Avig;wefESifh jynfh0vmap&ef/<br />

(13) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftwGif;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh urÇmYausmif;om;rsm; &ifaygifwef;<br />

yl;aygif;aqmif½GufEkdifap&ef/<br />

(14) q&m? rdb? vlBuD;rsm;udk ½kdao&ef/<br />

(15) (AuoXmecsKyf) tmPmydkiftzGJUrsm;u umvtm;avsmfpGm owfrSwfaom tjcm;aom&nf½G,fcsufrsm;<br />

udk atmifjrifatmifaqmif½Guf&ef/<br />

tcef; (2)<br />

toif;0ifa&;ESifh ESpfpOfaMu;<br />

yk'fr- (5) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmftwGif;½Sd pmoifausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoif,laeMuaom ausmif;ol^om;wdkkif;<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>0iftjzpf ygEkdifap&rnf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- pufrIvufrI twwfoifausmif;rsm;? pdkufysKd;a&;twufoifausmif;rsm;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;twufoif<br />

ausmif;rsm;yg tcef; (2)? yk'fr (5) wGif tusKH;0ifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (6) txufyg tcef; (2)? yk'fr (5) t& <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifvdkolrsm;onf atmufygazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfh<br />

pHkap&rnf/<br />

(u) touf (18) ESpf jynfhap&rnf/<br />

(c) ½l;oGyfaoma&m*g r½Sdap&/<br />

(*) <strong>or*¾</strong>\ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;ESifh pnf;urf;Oya'udk vdkufemusifhEkdifol jzpf&rnf/<br />

(,) tusifhpm&dwåaumif;rGefí <strong>or*¾</strong>\aus;Zl;awmfudk apmifhod½kdaool jzpf&rnf/<br />

(i) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmift<br />

zGJU0ifjzpfap? odkYr[kwf <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU0ifjzpfap? ¤if;yk*d¾Kvfrsm;xJrS ESpfOD;\ tusifhpm&dwå<br />

aumif;rGefaMumif; axmufcHpm yg½Sdap&rnf/<br />

(p) ___ ___ &nf½G,fcsufrsm;udk usifhoHk;vdkufemEkdifol jzpf&rnf/<br />

(q) <strong>or*¾</strong>rSay;tyfaom wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk waoGrodrf;vdkufemaqmif½GufEkdifol jzpf&rnf/<br />

(Z) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS umvtm;avsmfpGm owfrSwfaom ESpfpOfaMu;aiGrsm;udk ajyvnfatmif<br />

ay;oGif;Ekdifol jzpf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (7) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;tjzpf0ifa&muf&ef t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkolwOD;onf <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtwGif;a&;rSL;xHrS awmif;,l<br />

&½SdEkdifaom toif;0ifavQmufvTmyHkpHudk tcef; (2)? yk'fr (6)? tydk'fi,f (i) t& <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmifESpfOD;\ tusifhpm&dwå<br />

aumif;rGefaMumif; axmufcHpmESifhtwl ESpfpOfaMu;udkyg wyg;wnf; ay;oGif;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (8) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwdkif; <strong>or*¾</strong>tpnf;ta0;rsm;a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh? ta½G;cHydkifcGifhtqdk wifoGif;<br />

axmufcHEkdifcGifh ½Sdap&rnf/<br />

- 31 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (9) txufygyk'fr (8) t& <strong>or*¾</strong>trIaqmiftjzpf ta½G;cHEkdifcGifhonf EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ wm0efcHtvkyftrI<br />

aqmifrsm;jzpfaom <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm; rjzpfap&/<br />

yk'fr- (10) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;jypfrlusL;vGefcJhaomf <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUu wm0efcH&mxl;rS avQmhcsjcif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>rS acwå<br />

xkwfy,fjcif; ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ odkYaomf c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (11) txufygyk'fr (10) t& tjypfay;cH&aom <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;onf rauseyfvQif A[dkaumifpD (odkYr[kwf)<br />

EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifü t,lcHEkdifcGifh½Sdap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (12) (u) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;ESpfpOfaMu;rSm (1) usyf jzpfonf/<br />

(c) ¤if;ESpfpOfaMu;udk rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;u aumufcH&rnf/ 0ifaMu;udk aumuf,lrnfr[kwf/<br />

(*) rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS aumufcH&½Sdaom ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;udk atmufygtcsKd;pm;twdkif; cGJa0,l&rnf/<br />

rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm; &mcdkifEIef; 10<br />

NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong> &mcdkifEIef; 50<br />

c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong> &mcdkifEIef; 20<br />

Auo (XmecsKyf) &mcdkifEIef; 20<br />

tcef; (3)<br />

zGJYpnf;yHk<br />

yk'fr- (13) Auo (XmecsKyf) \rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rSm aus;½Gm? (odkYr[kwf) &yfuGuf (odkYr[kwf) NrdKUr <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;<br />

jzpfonf/<br />

yk'fr- (14) Auo (XmecsKyf) \zGJUpnf;yHkrSm atmufygtwdkkif;jzpfonf/<br />

(1) rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;<br />

(2) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

(3) c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;<br />

(4) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

(5) A[dkaumifpDtzGJU<br />

(6) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif/<br />

yk'fr- (15) rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif trIaqmiftzGJUwdkYudk ESpfpOf<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;\ ESpfywfvnftpnf;ta0;rS a½G;aumuf<br />

&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (16) NrdKUe,faumifpDESifhtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk ESpfpOfNrdKUe,fnDvmcHu a½G;aumuf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (17) c½kdifaumifpDESifh c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk ESpfpOfc½kdifnDvmcHu a½G;aumuf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (18) c½kdifaumifpDonf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk Oya'tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh A[dkaumifpD? A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwdkU\<br />

pnf;urf;csufrsm;twGif;wGif rdrdwdkY\c½kdiftwGuf aqmif½GufzG,f½Sdonfrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmaqmif½GufEkdifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (19) rlvtajccH<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm; tpnf;ta0;onf tMuD;qHk;aomtPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ xdkxufvGefvQif NrdKU<br />

e,f<strong>or*¾</strong>odkY wuf&rnf/ NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>wGif NrdKUe,fnDvmcHonftBuD;qHk;aom tmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ xdkYxufvGef<br />

aomf c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>odkY wuf&rnf/ c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>wGifc½kdifnDvmcHonf tBuD;qHk;aomtmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ xdkYxufvGef<br />

vQif Auo (XmecsKyf) odkYwuf&rnf/ Auo (XmecsKyf) wGif EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifonf tBuD;qHk;aomtmPm<br />

ydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/ EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif r½Sdonfhtcg A[dkaumifpD? A[dkaumifpDr½Sdonfhtcg A[dktvkyftrI<br />

- 32 -

aqmiftzGJUwdkYonf tmPmydkiftzGJUrsm; jzpfonf/<br />

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (20) xdkYtwl c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;wGifvnf; nDvmcHobifr½Sdonfh tcg? oufqdkif&maumifpDtzGJU?<br />

oufqdkif&maumifpDtzGJU r½Sdonfhtcg tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwdkYonf tmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/<br />

tcef; (4)<br />

tkyfcsKyfpDrHyHkpH pepfESifU enf;vrf;rsm;<br />

yk'fr- (21) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;wGif tkyfcsKyfpDrH&eft"dutcsufrSm ‘'Drdkua&pDenf;pepft&?<br />

a½G;aumufwifajr§mufí A[dkrS OD;pD;onfhpHepfjzpfonf/<br />

(1) tm;vHk;aom aumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk trsm;qE´twdkif; a½G;aumufwif<br />

ajr§muf&rnf/<br />

(2) A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>\ trdefYudk vdkufemaqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (22) NrdKUe,f (odkUr[kwf) c½kdifudk omreftm;jzifh tkyfcsKyfa&;e,ferdwftwdkif; vdkufem&rnf/ odkY&mwGif<br />

tvkyfvG,fulapjcif;udk axmufxm;í c½kdifaumifpDu oifhavsmfovdk owfrSwfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (23) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong> rjzpfao;aom e,f½Sd<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;udk wdkuf½kdufaomfvnf;aumif;<br />

eD;pyf&mc½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>udk aomfvnf;aumif; vTJtyfítkyfcsKyfpDrHEkdifonf/<br />

tcef; (5)<br />

EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHobif<br />

yk'fr- (24) ArmEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong> nDvmcHobifudk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQifwBudrfus usif;y&rnf/<br />

odkYaomf vHkavmufaomtaMumif;rsm;½Sdu A[dkaumifpDuaomfvnf;aumif;/ A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUuaomfvnf;<br />

aumif; a½TUqdkif;Edkifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (25) txl;nDvmcHobifrsm;udk taMumif;xl;vHkavmufrI&½Sdu A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu jzpfap? A[dkaumifpD<br />

ujzpfap ac:,lEkdifonf/ xdkYtjyif EkdifiHawmftwGif;½Sd c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ oHk;ykHESpfyHkrS oabmwlí ac:qdkcGifhawmif;vQif<br />

vnf; ac:qdkay;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (26) nDvmcHobifwGif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;rS wufa&mufEkdifolrsm;rSm-<br />

(1) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(2) ukefqkH;onfhESpftwGuf A[dktvkyfrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(3) c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS enf;vrf;wus a½G;aumufapvTwfvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(4) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rS enf;vrf;wus a½G;aumufapvTwfvdkufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

rSwfcsuf- nDvmcHobifodkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh<br />

½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (27) NrdKUe,fESifh c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS apvTwfaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk NrdKUe,fESifh nDvmcHrsm;u a½G;aumuf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (28) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifodkY wufa&mufEkdifaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf rdrdwdkYESifhoufqdkif&m c½kdif<br />

twGuf A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;udk oufqdkif&mc½kdife,frS wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS trsm;oabmwl<br />

a½G;aumuf&rnf/ c½kdifwckvQif A[dkaumifpD0if ESpfOD;a½G;wifEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr-(29) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifrS A[dkaumifpDtzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ ¤if;A[dkaumifpDwGif - pnf;rsOf;Oya'<br />

tcef; (3)? yk'fr (14)? tydk'f (4) ESifh tcef; (5)? yk'fr (28)? t& - A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh oufqdkif&m<br />

- 33 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

c½kdife,frS wufa&mufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS a½G;cs,fay;aom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (30) txufygtwdkif;zGJUpnf;vdkufaom A[dkaumifpDtzGJUonf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHobiftwGuf tqdka½G;<br />

aumfrwDvnf; jzpf\/<br />

yk'fr- (31) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif tqdka½G;aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ouú|u<br />

obmywd? taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u tusKd;aqmiftjzpf aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (32) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifü <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>\vkyfief;rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;<br />

ywfoufaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;EkdifcGifh½Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;vdkaom ar;cGef;\taMumif;t&mrsm;udk A[dktvkyf<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUodkY (7) &ufBudKwifí taMumif;Mum;xm;ESifh&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (33)<br />

(u) <strong>or*¾</strong>\tkyfcsKyfyHkpnf;rsOf;Oya'udk jyifqifjznfhpGwf (odkYr[kwf) y,fzsufjcif;ponfwdkYudk jyKvkyfvdkaom trI<br />

aqmiftzGJU? (odkYr[kwf) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;OD;onf taMumif;t&m pHkvifpGmjzifh EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif rusif;yrD<br />

wvBudKwifí ay;ydkYxm;&rnf/<br />

(c) xdkdEkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifodkY wufa&mufvmaom yk*¾Kdvfrsm;\ OD;a&oHk;yHkESpfyHku oabmwlrSom twnfjyK&<br />

rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (34) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUujzpfap? A[dkaumifpDujzpfap nDvmcHobifusif;y&mí enf;vrf;wusjzpfap<br />

&ef vdktyfaompDpOfrIrsm;udk tajctaetm;avsmfpGm pDpOfñGefMum;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (35) omreftm;jzifh usif;yaom nDvmcHobiftwGuf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>Ouú|udk jyefvnfa½G;aumuf&rnf/<br />

rnfuJhodkY Ouú|a½G;aumuf&rnfqdkonfh tpDtpOfudk A[dkaumifpDrSjzpfap? A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrSjzpfap pDpOfay;&<br />

rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (36) a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&aom Ouú|onf rdrdESifhwGJbufvkyfudkif&ef vsmxm;onfh A[dktvkyftrIaqmif<br />

tzGJU0ifrsm;\ trnfrsm;udk aMujimNyD;vQif nDvmcHobif\oabmwlnDrI&,l&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (37) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&m nDvmcHobifwGif <strong>or*¾</strong>\ ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUobif<br />

tzGJUu wifjy&rnf/<br />

tcef; (6)<br />

A[dkaumifpD<br />

yk'fr- (38) tcef; (5)? yk'fr (2) t& zGJUpnf;onfh A[dkaumifpDonf EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifrSvGJvQif tcsKyftcsm<br />

tmPmtydkifqHk;aomtzGJU jzpf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (39) A[dkaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif (2) Budrfusif;y&rnf/ tpnf;ta0; ac:ydkifcGifhrSm<br />

Ouú|ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUüom ½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (40) ta&;ay:A[dkumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm ac:,lusif;yEkdifonf/ odkY&mwGif ac:,lydkif<br />

cGifhrSm tcef; (6)? yk'fr (39) t&om ac:,lEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (41) A[dkaumifpD\ obmywdESifh tusKd;aqmifonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ Ouú|ESifh taxGaxGtxGif;<br />

a&;rSL; toD;oD;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

- 34 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (42) A[dkaumifpDonf <strong>or*¾</strong>\0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOfudk jy|mef;Ekdifonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí<br />

A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtm; pdppfEkdifonf/ ñTefMum;Edkifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (43) A[dkaumifpDtzGJUonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh rNyD;jywfEdkifaom jyóem&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf<br />

&rnff/<br />

yk'fr- (44) A[dkaumifpDtzGJUonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if toD;oD;tm; tjypftavsmuf&mxl;rS ,m,Dxkwfy,f<br />

jcif;? &yfqdkif;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfydkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (45) pnf;rsOf;Oya'ESifhywfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ,m,DjyifqifjznfhpGwfjcif;ESifh ,m,Dxkwfy,fjcif;<br />

rsm;udk A[dkaumifpDtzGJUu jyKvkyfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (46) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mOuú| (odkYr[kwf) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm; vpfvyfcJhvQif A[dkaumifpDtzGJUu<br />

yk*¾dKvftpm; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

tcef; (7)<br />

A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (47) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dkaumifpDtzGJUrS vGJvQiftmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfí <strong>or*¾</strong>\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;<br />

ESifh ay:aygufvmaom <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhoufqdkifonfh jyóem&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfajz½Sif;EkdifcGifh ½Sdonf/ vufatmufcH<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif yg0iftMuHÓPfay;jcif;? wdkufwGef;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ vdktyfonfxifvQif<br />

vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmif½GufEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (48) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifESifh A[dkaumifpDtzGJUrS vGJtyfaom udpöt&yf<br />

&yfudk jzpfajrmufatmif aqmif½Guf&ef tzGJUtaeESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? tzGJU0ifwOD;csif;taeESifhaomfvnf;aumif;<br />

wm0ef½Sdap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (49) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf atmufazmfjyygtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) 'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) b@ma&;rSL;<br />

(5) tjcm; (10) OD;xufrydkaom tvkyftrIaqmifrsm;/<br />

yk'fr- (50) Ouú|ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhEkdifiHa&; ygwD\ wm0efcHtvkyftrIaqmifrsm;<br />

rjzpfap&/<br />

yk'fr- (51) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwGif yg0ifEkdif&ef <strong>or*¾</strong>0iftjzpf tenf;qHk; wESpfoufwrf;½Sdolom jzpfap&rnf/<br />

rSwfcsuf- A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>rS todtrSwfjyKxm;aom w&m;0ifonfh <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;wGif <strong>or*¾</strong>0iftjzpf tenf;qHk;wESpf yg0ifbl;<br />

olrsm;udk qdkvdkonf/<br />

yk'fr- (52) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ Ouú|onf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0iftjzpf tenf;qHk;trIaqmif oufwrf;<br />

ukefqHk;atmif aqmif½Gufzl;oljzpf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (53) A[dktvkyftrIaqmif tzGJU0ifwOD;OD; EkwfxGufcJhaomf (odkUr[kwf) xkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&aomf? xdkvpfvyfaom<br />

trIaqmifae&mtwGuf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu ,m,DcefYxm;EkdifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

- 35 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (54) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ouú|EkwfxGufcJhaomf (odkYr[kwf) xkwfy,fjcif;cHcJh&aomf? EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH<br />

obif\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh? ¤if;zGJUpnf;cJhaom A[dktvkyftrIaqmifrSm rysufbJ qufvufí w&m;0ifonf[k<br />

,lq&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (55) A[dktrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;&yfrsm; wGifus,fap&eftwGuf tajctaet& XmecGJrsm;udk wdk;csJU<br />

jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (56) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhywfoufaom enf;Oya'½kH;vkyfief;ESifh oufqdkifaomenf;Oya'<br />

t&yf&yfudk owfrSwfydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr-(57) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>twGuf taxGaxG0efxrf;rsm;cefYxm;jcif;? xkwfy,fjcif;? ¤if;wdkY<br />

twGuf axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm; owfrSwfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (58) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>ydkifypönf;tm;vHk;udk wm0ef,lí xdef;xdrf;apmifha½Smuf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (59) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf pkaygif;acgif;aqmifrIESifh wGJbufwm0efcHrIrsm;<br />

½Sdap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (60) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh &ufowå (2) ywfvQif wBudrfus pnf;a0;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (61) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifwOD;OD;onf? A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUtpnf;ta0;ac:,l&ef vdktyfonf[k<br />

xifjrifvQif tjcm;A[dktvkyftrIaqmif (5) OD;\ vufrSwfa&;xdk;axmufcHcsufudk Ouú|xH wifoGif;vQif Ouú|u<br />

A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ txl;tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,l&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (62) tpnf;ta0;ac:,lydkifcGifhtmPm½Sdolrsm;rSm Ouú|ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif trsm;\<br />

oabmwlnDrI½Sd&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (63) omreftpnf;ta0;ESifh txl;tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif tzGJU0ifOD;a&xuf0uf wufa&mufí ta&;ay:tpnf;<br />

ta0;rsm;ü Ouú|yg0ifaom tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if (7) OD;wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0; jzpfajrmufonf/<br />

yk'fr- (64) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ udk,fpm;vS,fapvGwfí vnf;aumif;? pmjzifht<br />

aMumif;Mum;ívnf;aumif; qE´rJray;&/<br />

yk'fr- (65) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>0if (9) OD;yg0ifaom twdkifyifcHtzGJUwckudk zGJUpnf;í tMuHÓPf<br />

rsm; ,l&rnf/<br />

tcef; (8)<br />

c½kdifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;<br />

yk'fr- (66) c½kdifnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif wBudrfus ac:,lusif;y&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (67) txl;c½kdifnDvmcHudk taMumif;xl;vHkavmufrI½Sdu c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmifujzpfap c½kdifaumifpDujzpfap<br />

ac:,lEkdifonf/ xdkYtjyifoufqdkif&mc½kdifrS <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ OD;a&oHk;yHkwyHku oabmwlí ac:qdkcGifhawmif;vQif c½kdiftvkyftrI<br />

aqmiftzGJUu &ufowå (2) ywfBudKwif taMumif;Mum;í ac:qdk&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (68) ESpfywfvnfc½kdifnDvmcHudk EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif rusif;yrDtwGif; A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

- 36 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

taxGaxG twGif;a&rSL;\ ñGefMum;csuft& c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu BuD;rSL;í usif;yxm;ESifhNyD;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (69) EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufrnfh c½kdifrSudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwf<br />

xm;onfh OD;a&twdkif; a½G;aumufxm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (70) c½kdifnDvmcHodkY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wufa&mufEkdifolrsm;rSm-<br />

(1) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf c½kdifaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(2) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(3) A[dkaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfaom c½kdife,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

(4) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifh NrdKUe,ftwGif;½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS enf;vrf;wus a½T;aumufapvTwfaom udk,fpm;<br />

vS,frsm;<br />

rSwfcsuf- c½kdifnDvmcHodkU wufa&mufrnfhudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwfydkifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (71) c½kdifESpfywfvnfnDvmcHrS c½kdifaumifpDudk zGJUpnf;rnf/ ¤if;c½kdifaumifpDwGif c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh<br />

oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,f udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS ¤if;wdkYoabmus a½T;aumufwifajrmufaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&<br />

rnf/ NrdKUe,fwckvQif c½kdifaumifpD0if( 4) OD; a½G;wifEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (72) txufygtwdkif; a½G;aumufwifajrmufvdkufaom c½kdifaumifpDtzGJUonf c½kdifnDvmcHtwGuf tqdk<br />

a½G;aumfrwDvnf;jzpf\/<br />

yk'fr- (73) c½kdifnDvmcHtqdka½G;aumfrwD tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ouú|u obmywdESifh<br />

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u tusKd;aqmiftoD;oD; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (74) c½kdifnDvmcHwGif c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? ywfouf<br />

aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;jref;EkdifcGifh½Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;vdkaomar;cGef;rsm;udk c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY (7)<br />

&ufBudKwif taMumif;Mum;xm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (75) c½kdifnDvmcHwGif c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong>ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (76) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk c½kdifnDvmcHrS tcef; (16) t& a½G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/<br />

tcef; ( 9)<br />

c½kdifaumifpDtzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (77) tcef; (8)? yk'fr (71) t& zGJUpnf;onfh c½kdifaumifpDonf c½kdifnDvmcHrS vGJvQif tmPmtydkifqHk;aom<br />

tzGJUjzpfonf/<br />

yk'fr- (78)<br />

(u) c½kdifaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQif (2 ) Budrfusif;y&rnf/<br />

(c) ta&;ay: c½kdifaumifpDtpnf;ta0;udk taMumif;xl; tvHktavmuf½Sdygu ac:,lusif;yEkdifonf/<br />

(*) tpnf;ta0;ac:ydkifcGifhrSm- Ouú|ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUüom ½Sdonf/<br />

(C) c½kdifaumifpDtzGJU\ obmywdESifh tusKd;aqmifonf c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmif\ Ouú|ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;<br />

toD;oD;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (79) c½kdifaumifpDopf? c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh rNyD;jywfaom udpö&yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwf vkyfaqmif<br />

&rnf/<br />

- 37 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (80) c½kdifaumifpDonf c½kdiftrIaqmiftzGJU0if toD;oD;tm;vnf;aumif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>0if toD;oD;tm;vnf;aumif;?<br />

tjypftavsmuf &mxl;rS ,m,Dcsxm;jcif;? xkwfy,fjcif;? &yfqdkif;jcif;? <strong>or*¾</strong>tjzpfrS ,m,D&yfpJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfydkifcGifh<br />

½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (81) c½kdifaumifpDonf c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU0if wOD;OD;vpfvyfcJhaomf ¤if;ae&mwGif yk*¾dKvftpm; cefYtyf<br />

EkdifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

tcef; (10)<br />

c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (82) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm c½kdifnDvmcHrS trsm;qE´t&a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom tzGJUjzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (83) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) ‘'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) b@ma&;rSL;<br />

(5) tjcm; (12) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;<br />

yk'fr- (84) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf<br />

(u) c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ c½kdifausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufay;jcif;? tultnD<br />

ay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,lí acgif;aqmifjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/<br />

(*) ½kH;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ñTefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(C) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;odkY A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaomñTefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwåLrsm;jyKvkyfí <strong>or*¾</strong>odkY<br />

jzefUcsd&rnf/<br />

(i) <strong>or*¾</strong>\pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk BudKwiftaMumif;Mum;í ppfaq;Ekdifonf/<br />

yk'fr-(85) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUonf <strong>or*¾</strong>\vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif½GufEkdifonf/ vdktyfygu vHk;0<br />

wm0ef,lí acgif;aqmifEkdifonf/<br />

tcef; (11)<br />

NrdKYe,fnDvmcHtzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (86)<br />

(u) NrdKUe,fnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh wESpfvQifwBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/<br />

(c) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;\ oHk;yHkwyHku tpnf;ta0;ac:,l&ef awmif;qdkydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (87) NrdKUe,fnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*d¾Kvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

(u) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf NrdKUe,faumifpDtzGJUrsm;<br />

(c) ukefqHk;onfhESpftwGuf NrdKUe,ftvkyfrIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(*) oufqdkif&mNrdKUe,frS c½kdifaumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(C) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;<br />

yk'fr- (88) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>\ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHudk c½kdifnDvmcH rusif;yrD NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

t&? twGif;a&;rSL;u ac:,lusif;y&rnf/<br />

- 38 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (89) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif-<br />

(1) NrdKUe,fnDvmcH wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&udk NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu owfrSwf<br />

ay;onfhtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(2) NrdKUe,faumifpDtzGJUudk zGJUpnf;&rnf/ ¤if;wGif nDvmcHwufa&mufaom <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJwdkif;rS udk,fpm;vS,f<br />

(2) OD;uspDESifh NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

(3) NrdKUe,ftvkyfrIaqmiftzGJUudk trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajrmuf&rnf/<br />

(4) nDvmcHwGif NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong> ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/<br />

(5) c½kdifnDvmcHESifh EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a½G;cs,fxm;&rnf/<br />

tcef; (12)<br />

NrdKYe,faumifpDtzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (90) tcef; (11) yk'fr (89) tydk'fi,f (2) t& zGJUpnf;aom NrdKUe,faumifpDonf NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrSvJTvQif<br />

tmPmydkiftzGJUjzpfonf/<br />

yk'fr- (91) NrdKUe,faumifpDtwGuf tcef; (9)? yk'fr (78)? tydk'fi,f (u? c? *? C)? yk'fr (79)? (80) ESifh (81)<br />

rsm;uJhodkY vkyfaqmifEkdifonf/<br />

tcef; (13)<br />

NrdKYe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (92) NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrSm NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrS trsm;qE´t& a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom tzGJUjzpf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (93) NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUOD;a&rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) ‘'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) b@ma&;rSL;<br />

(5) tjcm; (8) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;<br />

yk'fr- (94) NrdKUe,ftrIaqmiftzGJUonf<br />

(u) NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif vHk;0wm0ef,laqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ NrdKUe,fausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;&yfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufjcif;? tul<br />

tnDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,l aqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;udkvnf; cH&rnf/<br />

(*) ½kH;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ñTefMum;aomvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(C) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;odkY c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS ay;ydkYaom ñTefMum;vTmrsm;udk rdwåLrsm;jyKvkyfí <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ<br />

rsm;odkY jzefYcsd&rnf/<br />

(i) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;\ pm&if;tif;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk BudKwiftaMumif;Mum;cg ppfaq;Edkifonf/<br />

(p) c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrftpD&ifcHpmrsm; ay;ydkY&rnf/ tpD&ifcHpmwGif<br />

(1) pnf;½kH;rItiftm;<br />

(2) vkyfief;pOft&yf&yf<br />

(3) b@ma&;tajctaeESifh<br />

(4) XmetoD;oD;rS tpD&ifcHpmrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr (95) NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUpnf; vkyfief;t&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif½GufEkdifonf/ vdktyfygu vHk;0wm0ef,l<br />

aqmif½GufEkdifonf/<br />

- 39 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

tcef; (14)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHtzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (96) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHudk <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU\ qE´t& ac:,lEkdifonf/ <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifOD;a& oHk;yHk<br />

wyHkuvnf; ac:,l&ef awmifqdkEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (97) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHwGif atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm; yg0ifap&rnf/<br />

(u) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJU<br />

(c) NrdKUe,faumifpDwGif yg0ifaom oufqdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>rS aumifpDtzGJU0ifrsm;<br />

(*) twef;wm0efcHrsm;<br />

(C) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;/<br />

yk'fr- (98) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHudk NrdKUe,fnDvmcHrusif;yrD oufqdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ trIaqmiftzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsuf<br />

t& twGif;a&;rSL;u ac:,lusif;y&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (99) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHwGif-<br />

(1) NrdKUe,fESifhc½kdifnDvmcHrsm;odkY wufa&mufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a½G;cs,f&rnf/<br />

(2) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUopfudk trsm;qE´twdkif; tcef; (17) t& a½G;aumufwifajr§muf&rnf/<br />

(3) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ ESpfywfvnftpD&ifcHpmudk trIaqmiftzGJUu wifjy&rnf/<br />

tcef;- (15)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJY<br />

yk'fr- (100) c½kdifvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHodkY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;apvTwfaom <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJwckonf NrdKUe,f<strong>or*¾</strong>rSwqifh c½kdif<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

odkY qufoG,fxm;aom <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJjzpf&rnf/ xdkqufoG,fjcif;udk A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu todtrSwfjyKNyD;aomtcg<br />

A[dk<strong>or*¾</strong>\w&m;0ifaom <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJwck jzpfvmonf/<br />

yk'fr- (101) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUrSm <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJnDvmcHtpnf;ta0;rS wifajr§mufaomtzGJU jzpf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (102) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

(1) Ouú|<br />

(2) ‘'k-Ouú|<br />

(3) twGif;a&;rSL;<br />

(4) aiGxdef;<br />

(5) tjcm; (5) OD;xufrydkaom trIaqmifrsm;<br />

yk'fr- (103) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUwGif twdkifyifcHrsm;? twef;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifap&rnf/ ¤if;twef;<br />

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk oufqdkif&mtwef;rS a½G;aumufwifajr§mufaom (odkYr[kwf) trnfwifoGif;aom twef;udk,f<br />

pm;vS,frsm; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (104) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf oufqdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ½Sd <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;tm; <strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyf\ &nf½G,fcsuf0g'ESifh<br />

vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk em;vnfvdkufem aqmif½Gufap&ef wm0ef½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (105) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ ñTefMum;csufrsm;t& vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk aqmif<br />

½Guf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr-(106) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmiftzGJUonf-<br />

- 40 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

(u) <strong>or*¾</strong>tcGJvkyfief;rsm;wGif wm0ef,líaqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) NrdKUe,ftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUESifh c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS <strong>or*¾</strong>vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Guf<br />

jcif;? tultnDay;jcif;ESifh vHk;0wm0ef,laqmif½Gufjcif;rsm;udk vufcH&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (107) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ\ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJtrIaqmifrS twGif;a&;rSL;onf Ouú|\ vufrSwfjzifh NrdKUe,ftvkyf<br />

trIaqmiftzGJUESifh NrdKUe,frSwqifh c½kdiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY wvwBudrf ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (108) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJ trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;udk omreftm;jzifh &ufowå (2) ywfvQif wBudrf usif;y&rnf/<br />

tcef; (16)<br />

<strong>or*¾</strong>b@ma&;<br />

yk'fr- (109) <strong>or*¾</strong>ESifhXmecsKyf oufqdkifaom &efyHkaiGtm;vHk;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyftrnfjzifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu<br />

a½G;cs,faombPfwGif tyfESHxm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (110) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;onf aumufcH&½Sdaom ESpfpOfaMu;rsm;xJrS tcef; (2)? yk'fr (12)? tydk'fi,f (*) t&<br />

oufqdkif&modkY qufaMu;ay;ydkY&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (111) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;rS 0ifaiGtm;vHk;ESifh oD;oefYjy|mef;jcif; r½Sdaom tjcm;0ifaiGtm;vHk;udk omref&efyHkaiGxJodkY<br />

xnfhoGif;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (112) tvSLaiGrsm;?o'¨gaMu;rsm;? aiGwdk;rsm;ESifh ESpfpOftoHk;p&dwfrS ydkaomaiGrsm;teuf tenf;qHk; oHk;yHkESpfyHkudk<br />

oD;oefY&efyHkaiGtjzpf ajymif;vGJxm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (113) <strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyf\ ½kH;oHk;ypönf;rsm;? y&dabm*rsm; 0,f,ljcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;rsm;rSty oD;oefY&efyHkaiGudk<br />

A[dkaumifpDtzGJU? odkYr[kwf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif\ qHk;jzwfcsufr&vQif roHk;&/<br />

yk'fr- (114) EkdifiHjcm;odkY ynmawmfoif apvTwfjcif;? pHkprf;Munfh½Ia&;tzGJUrsm; apvTwfjcif;? udk,fpm;vS,f apvTwfjcif;<br />

EkdifiHjcm;rS tzGJUtoD;oD;udk vufcHjcif;? taxGaxGtcrf;tem;ESifh {nfhcHjcif;wdkYtwGuf txl;&efyHkaiG jyKvkyfxm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (115) ta&;BuD;aomudpörsm; ay:aygufvmaomtcg ta&;ay:&efyHkaiGtjzpf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu<br />

pDrHí aumufcHEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (116) b@ma&;rSL;onf oD;oefY&efyHkaiG wdk;yGm;apjcif;iSm tvSLaiGESifh o'¨gaMu;aiGrsm; pm&if;udk rdrdpm&if;t&<br />

zGifhxm;Ekdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (117) <strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyf\ 0ifaiGtoHk;pm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;&ef A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu oifhavQmfaomol<br />

wOD;OD;udk pm&if;ppftjzpf cefYxm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (118) ESpfpOf EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH rwdkifrD <strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyf\ 0ifaiGxGufaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppfu ppfaq;<br />

&rnf/ ppfaq;NyD;aomtcg pm&if;rsm;udk pm&if;ppf\ tpD&ifcHpmESifhwuG EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobif rwdkifrD<br />

tenf;qHk; &ufowåywf (2) ywf BudKwifNyD; A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUodkY b@ma&;rSL;u wifjy&rnf/ ESpfpOf<br />

0ifaiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf;ESifh pm&if;ppftpD&ifcHpmudk nDvmcHodkY wifjy&rnf/ b@ma&;tpD&ifcHpmwGif xnfhoGif;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (119) <strong>or*¾</strong>XmecsKyfüxm;aom aiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;pm&if;rsm;udk ‘'k-Ouú|u ppfaq;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (120) <strong>or*¾</strong>&efyHkaiG wdk;yGm;a&;twGuf b@ma&;rSL;onf jyZmwf½kyf½SifyGJrsm;udk tvSLcHjcif;? uyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;<br />

- 41 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

ESifh o'´gaMu;rsm; aumufcHjcif;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;onf oufqdkif&m NrdKUe,fc½kdifrsm;wGif aumufcHEkdifcGifh ½Sdonf/<br />

tcef; (17)<br />

a½G;aumufyGJrsm;<br />

yk'fr- (121) a½G;aumufyGJrsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>rsm;\ tcsKyftcsm tmPmtydkifqHk;aom ESpfywfvnfnDvmcHrsm;wGif usif;y<br />

&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (122)<br />

(u) a½G;aumufyGJrsm;udk tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ Ouú|a[mif;rsm;u OD;pD;&rnf/ tu,fí Ouú|a[mif;onf jyef<br />

vnf a½G;cs,fcHvdkaomf (odkYr[kwf) a½G;yGJwGif ysufuGufcJhaomf qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>rS wm0efvTJtyfaom yk*¾dKvfu a½G;<br />

aumufyGJ wm0efcHt&m½Sdtjzpf aqmif½Guf&rnf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJrsm;wGif qE´rJay; a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;ESifh trnfwifoGif;jcif; ESpf&yfteuf <strong>or*¾</strong>cGJu vdkvm;aom<br />

enf;pepft& a½G;aumufyGJudk jyKvkyf&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (123) a½G;aumufyGJwGif qE´rJpm&if;rsm;udk pkaqmif;jcif;? rJpm&if;rsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;rSm a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcH<br />

t&m½Sd\ wm0efjzpfonf/<br />

yk'fr- (124) a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcH t&m½Sdonf a½G;aumufyGJ usif;y&eftwGuf trIaqmif&mxl;vufrcHrnfh <strong>or*¾</strong>0if<br />

(4) OD;udk orm"dvlBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYxm;cGifh½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (125) a½G;aumufyGJwGif vGwfvyfpGmESifh vQKdU0Sufí wdkuf½kdufrJay;aom pepfudk toHk;jyK&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (126) qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>odkY ay;tyf&ef½Sdaom aMu;aiGt&yf&yfudk ajyvnfatmif ray;oGif;aomolrsm;onf<br />

a½G;aumufyGJwGif ta½G;cHEdkifcGifh? tqdkwifoGif;EkdifcGifh? axmufcHEdkifcGifhrsm; r½Sdap&/<br />

yk'fr- (127) ta½G;cHvdkol <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;onf tenf;qHk;qdkif&m <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifESpfOD;\ axmufcHcsufESifh a½G;aumufyGJwm0efcH<br />

t&m½SdxHodkY ta½G;cHEkdifcGifhavQmufvTm wifoGif;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (128) ta½G;cHEkdifcGifhavQmufvTm wpHkwckonf pnf;rsOf;t&? jznfhpGuf&ef vdktyfaom ta&;BuD;onfh tcsuf<br />

tvufrsm;wGif jznfhpGufjcif; ysufuGufcJhaomf ¤if;avQmufvTmudk y,fcs&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (129) <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifwOD;vQif wm0efcH&mxl;ae&mü qE´rJwckxuf ydkíray;Ekdif/<br />

yk'fr- (130) wm0efcHwOD;vQif wm0efcH&mxl;ae&m ta&twGufxufydkí ta½G;cHolrsm;cJhvQif rJta&twGuf tenf;<br />

trsm;tvdkuf wm0efcH&mxl; a½G;cs,f&rnf/ rJqE´½SifwOD;onf ta½G;cHrnfhol wOD;twGuf wrJomay; ydkifcGifh½Sdonf/<br />

yk'fr- (131) a½G;aumufyGJtwGuf oD;oefYxm;aom qE´rJyHkpHpm½Gufrsm;udk a½G;aumufyGJ wm0efcHt&m½Sdu xkwfa0<br />

&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (132) rnfonfhrJqE´½SifrS udk,fpm;vS,fvTwfí vnf;aumif;? pmjzifhtaMumif;Mum;í vnf;aumif;? ¤if;\<br />

qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh r½Sd/<br />

yk'fr- (133) qE´rJpm&if;udk a½G;aumufyGJaeYwGifyif wm0efcHt&m½Sdonf orm"dvlBuD;rsm; a½SUarSmufü ppfaq;<br />

a&wGufí a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&olrsm;\ trnfpm&if;udk tjrefqHk;aMunm&rnf/<br />

- 42 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

yk'fr- (134) qE´rJta&twGufESifh ywfoufí rauseyfcJhvQif a½G;aumufyGJtrIaqmifudk vnf;aumif;? aMujimNyD;csdefrS<br />

(40) em&DtwGif; rJqE´½Sif (21) OD;\qE´jzifh rJpm&if;ta&twGufudk Munfh½Ippfaq;Ekdifonf/<br />

tcef; (18)<br />

aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;<br />

yk'fr- (135) aEGausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmif(3) OD;xufrenf; qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>\ ½kH;pdkuf&mNrdKUrsm;ü usef&pfcJhvQif<br />

¤if;wdkYrSm aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm; jzpfap&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (136) aEGausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGif; trIaqmif (3) OD;xufenf;í qdkif&m<strong>or*¾</strong>\ ½kH;pdkuf&mNrdKUrsm;ü usef&pf<br />

cJhvQif vuf½SdtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu ausmif;ydwf&ufrwdkifrD <strong>or*¾</strong>0ifrsm;xJrS <strong>or*¾</strong>\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk xrf;½Guf<br />

Ekdifrnfh <strong>or*¾</strong>0if (3) OD;tm; aEG&moDwm0efcHtjzpf cefYxm;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (137) qdkif&mtrIaqmiftzGJUonf aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;\ trnfrsm;udk a½G;cs,fNyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf aMunm<br />

&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (138) aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;onf b@ma&;XmerSty trIaqmiftzGJU\ aqmif½GufqJvkyfief;rsm;ESifh wm0efrsm;udk<br />

vufcH&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (139) aEG&moDwm0efrsm;onf-<br />

(u) trIaqmiftzGJUu vTJtyfaom wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ESifh ½kH;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½Guf&efomjzpfonf/<br />

(c) <strong>or*¾</strong>wckvHk;ESifhomqdkifaom vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qHk;jzwfajz½Sif; aqmif½GufydkifcGifh r½Sdap&/<br />

yk'fr- (140) pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (18)? yk'fr (139)? tydk'fi,f (c) ESifh oufqdkifaom ta&;rsm;ay:aygufvmcJhaomf<br />

aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;onf trIaqmiftzGJUudk jyefvnfac:,lí wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfESif;&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (141) b@ma&;rSL;onf ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif qdkif&mNrdKUür½SdcJhaomf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS oabmwlnDcsuf<br />

udk &,lí oifhavsmf ,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom trIaqmifwOD;OD;udk aEG&moDwm0efcHtjzpf cefYxm;cJhNyD;vQif rdrdwm0ef<br />

0wå&m;rsm;udk vTJtyfcJh&rnf/<br />

yk'fr- (142) ausmif;jyefzGifhí trIaqmifa[mif;rsm; jyefvnfa&muf½Sdaomtcg aEG&moDwm0efcHrsm;u <strong>or*¾</strong>wm0ef<br />

0wå&m;rsm;udk jyefvnftyfESif;&rnf/<br />

tcef; (19)<br />

enf;Oya'ESifU bdkifavmrsm;<br />

yk'fr- (143) þ<strong>or*¾</strong>tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk rlwnfí ¤if;Oya'ESifh bdkifavmrsm;udk <strong>or*¾</strong>toD;oD;wdkY usifhoHk;<br />

aqmif½GufEkdifcGifhESifh usifhxHk;wdkY twlwljzpfapEdkif&eftwGuf A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu jy|mef;Ekdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (144) enf;Oya'udk jy|mef;&mwGifvnf;aumif;? jyifqif&mwGifvnf;aumif;? jznfhpGuf&mwGifvnf;aumif;?<br />

xkwfy,f&mwGifvnf;aumif; EkdifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcHobifuom jyKvkyfEkdifonf/<br />

yk'fr- (145) enf;Oya'udk ,m,Djy|mef;jcif;? ,m,DjznfhpGuf xkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk A[dkaumifpDu jyKvkyfydkifcGifh<br />

tmPmrsm;½Sdonf/<br />

- 43 -

aemufqufwGJ (31)<br />

ordkif;0ifpm½Gufpmwrf;rsm;<br />

- 44 -

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No. BC/3/57 10 January 1957<br />

Dear Friend,<br />

In accordance with the suggestions made at the Regional<br />

Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations held in Colombo<br />

that more material relating to the United Nations should be<br />

made available in national languages, we are commencing<br />

production of radio programmes in Burmese. The attached press<br />

release will give you full information on this.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 15 -<br />

Yours sincerely,<br />

Eugenio Soler-Alonso<br />

DIRECTOR

The President,<br />

University of Rangoon Students’ Union,<br />

Rangoon.<br />

Dear Sir,<br />

The University of Malaya Historical Society is making a<br />

Goodwill <strong>and</strong> study Tour of Burma between July <strong>and</strong> August this<br />

year. The party comprising thirty students, including three<br />

ladies, will leave for Rangoon on July 6th. They will return<br />

from Rangoon on Aug. 7th after a month’s tour of the country.<br />

Thus far we have been in touch with members of the staff<br />

of the University of Rangoon who are helping us with our<br />

arrangements, in particular Dr. Kyaw Thet of the Dept. of Far<br />

Eastern History. We have also written to Dr. Ba Nyunt.<br />

As one of the objects of this tour is to foster goodwill<br />

<strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing among students of different nationalities<br />

it is our hope that you will assist us meet students<br />

informally beside the help you could give us as one student<br />

organisation to another.<br />

At this stage we are faced with the problem of finding<br />

accommodation for the duration of our stay in Rangoon (July 9<br />

to July 13; Aug 5 to Aug 7). I have been asked to write to<br />

you by the Consul of the Union of Burma in Singapore<br />

regarding this. He is also making other necessary<br />

arrangements through the Burmese Foreign Office.<br />

I would much appreciate it therefore, if you could<br />

suggest suitable alternative accommodation since I have been<br />

informed that the University hostels will be fully occupied<br />

at that time. As regards accommodation at the other towns on<br />

our itinerary, I have written to the Director of Public<br />

Instruction.<br />

I enclose herewith the tentative itinerary of our tour;<br />

dates of arrival <strong>and</strong> departure given are only approximate. I<br />

must before closing<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 16 -

apologise for writing so late.<br />

Thanking you,<br />

-2-<br />

c.c. to Dr. Kyaw Thet,<br />

Dept. of Far Eastern History,<br />

University of Rangoon.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 17 -<br />

Yours Faithfully,<br />

(K. RAMANUJAM)<br />

Hon. Secretary<br />

Historical Society<br />

University of Malaya

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- 19 -

Enclosure<br />

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....<br />

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- 24 -

- 25 -

PAX ROMANA<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

SITUATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS<br />

REPORTS FROM INTERNATIONALORGANISATIONS (CONTINUED)<br />

In a special circular dates November 12, 1956, Pax Romana Published<br />

the following appeal which had “just been received from Budapest.” The<br />

appeal was due to have been broadcast on Radio Danapentele on November<br />

8, 1956, according to Pax Romana.<br />

APPEAL TO THE STUDENTS OF THE FREE WORLD<br />

- 26 -<br />

Budapest, 7 November, 1956.<br />

We, the Hungarian students call on the students of the Free World to<br />

come to our aid in our calamitous situation. Do not let the Hungarian<br />

drama be forgotten nor clouded by time. We call on you, students of the<br />

Free World to dem<strong>and</strong>:<br />

1. An economic boycott of the Soviet Union. No one must buy Russian<br />

products. Also, industrialists <strong>and</strong> businessmen must refuse to<br />

buy or sell Russian raw materials, finished products or byproducts.<br />

2. All sporting events with Soviets should be cancelled immediately.<br />

The youth of Free World should not participate actively nor as<br />

spectators in any sporting events in which Russian sportsmen take<br />

part.<br />

3.The sending or a United Nations Police Force to Hungary.<br />

The Hungarian nation does not believe one word spoken by the Soviets.<br />

The general strike continues. Nobody believes the promise given, that<br />

if the people resume work, the Russians will leave Hungary.<br />

In the last few days of our fight for Freedom, more than 12,000 young<br />

people, both men <strong>and</strong> women, <strong>and</strong> many thous<strong>and</strong>s of men <strong>and</strong> women workers<br />

have died a hero’s death.<br />

WE CALL ON THE YOUTH OF THE FREE WORLD TO SHOW THEIR SOLIDARITY WITH<br />

US. DO NOT DESERT US. S.O.S. S.O.S.<br />

WORLD ASSEMBLY OF YOUTH<br />

The Revolutionary Committee of the Hungarian Youth<br />

WAY issued the following circular on November 12, 1956:<br />

(PAX ROMANA)<br />

The President of WAY, Antoine Lawrence, launched an appeal to all<br />

National Committees on October 30th in which he asked for complete<br />

cooperation by National Committees with National Red Cross group<br />

units to aid the Hungarian insurgents.<br />

After the change of the political situation in Hungary the Bureau<br />

of WAY sent a cable on November 7th to the Secretary General of<br />

the United Nations. This Cable is as follows:

THE WORLD ASSEMBLY OF YOUTH PROTESTS AGAINST BRUTAL RUSSIAN ARMY<br />

SUPPRESSION OF HUNGARIAN YOUTH AND PEOPLE STOP WAY INDENTIFIED<br />

WITH STRUGGLE OF HUNGARIAN YOUTH FOR FREEDOM AND RIGHT OF SELF-<br />

DETERMINATION SUPPORTS U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECISION AND LOOKS<br />

TOWARDS U.N. TO ASSIST HUNGARIAN PEOPLE IN TIME OF NEED.<br />

On November 8th, as a result of the urgent appeal sent to the fiftytwo<br />

Nation Committees of WAY throughout the world, WAY raised the<br />

equivalents of $ 2000 to be given to the Hungarian people.<br />

In order to complete the action taken by WAY on the international<br />

developments over the past two weeks, we would like to quote a cable<br />

sent by WAY to the U.N Secretary General.<br />

WAY GIVES PROFOUND THANKSGIVING TO U.N. SECRETARY GENERAL ON<br />

IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECISION FOR CEASE FIRE IN<br />

EGYPT AND PRESERVATION OF PEACS AND U.N. CHARTER.<br />

WORLD UNIVERSITY SERVICE<br />

- 27 -<br />

(WAY)<br />

The latest circular, dated November 19, 1956, from WUS international<br />

headquarters in Geneva read as follows:<br />

Reporting from Vienna this afternoon, Mr. Hans Dall tells us that<br />

150 Hungarian students are now housed in the hostel in Vienna. A<br />

load of beds is on route from Denmark, <strong>and</strong> will make it possible<br />

to house another 150-200.<br />

For the present, their is pressing need for more clothing, but<br />

books in Hungarian <strong>and</strong> dictionaries are urgently requested.<br />

The Austrian government estimates that there were another 200<br />

students among the refugee was entered Austria last week.<br />

The British Council for Aid to Refugees has entrusted the British<br />

WUS Committee with the coordination of all office for the<br />

resettlement of students among the Hungarian refugees to be<br />

received in Britain. A special Coordinating Committee is being<br />

set up by WUS in conjunction with the National Union of Students<br />

<strong>and</strong> all major associations concerned with higher education.<br />

The International Association of University Professors <strong>and</strong> Lecturers<br />

is establishing contact with Hungarian university teachers in<br />

Austria. The Society for the Protection of Science <strong>and</strong> Learning<br />

has offered funds <strong>and</strong> assistance to refugee professors <strong>and</strong><br />

lecturers.<br />

The American WUS Committee is making a special for scholarship<br />

<strong>and</strong> resettlement offers for Hungarian students.<br />

The French government, in collaboration with universities <strong>and</strong><br />

voluntary agencies, has expressed its willingness to receive up<br />

to 600 Hungarian students.<br />

Over <strong>and</strong> above the offers already made from Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, there is<br />

a possibility of receiving <strong>and</strong> housing, as a group, a further 100<br />

or 150 Hungarian students.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/

C A N A D A<br />

SITUATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS<br />

REPORTS FROM NATION UNIONS (CONTINUED)<br />

The National Federation of Canadian University Students has issued the<br />

following statement:<br />

Since the coup d’etat in Czechoslovakia in 1948 relations between the<br />

students of Canada <strong>and</strong> the students Hungary have been confined to infrequent<br />

<strong>and</strong> sometimes unfriendly meetings at the Conferences of the Communistdominated<br />

International Union of Students.<br />

Canadian students have never ceased to hope that conditions would alter<br />

<strong>and</strong> that more normal <strong>and</strong> friendly relations would be established. During<br />

recent days as the confused reports came in from Hungary this hope was<br />

raised high. Unfortunately the high hope is no more <strong>and</strong> our first feeling<br />

is one of sorrow at the fate of our fellow student in Budapest <strong>and</strong> other<br />

Hungarian cities. Their bravery against overwhelming speaks more eloquently<br />

than polemics in which we might engage.<br />

Although the recent aspiration of Hungarian students seem for the time<br />

being to have been crushed we nevertheless cherish the hope that it will<br />

be possible to establish more friendly relations. Canadian students extend<br />

to their Hungarian fellows, in their darkest hour, the h<strong>and</strong> of friendship,<br />

<strong>and</strong> assures then that they ever ready to enter into free <strong>and</strong> friendly<br />

relations on the basis of respect for each other’s national independence<br />

<strong>and</strong> sovereignty.<br />

L E B A N O N<br />

- 28 -<br />

(NFCUS)<br />

The Secretariat has received the following cable singed by the Union<br />

Nationale des Etudiants Universitaires au Liban:<br />

N O R W A Y<br />

The Arab Students Regional Organisation protests with force against the<br />

aggression of the Soviet Army which has attempted by iron <strong>and</strong> fire to<br />

stifle the cries of innocent Hungarian students eager for liberty. Such<br />

colonialists, barbaric means will never succeed in eclipsing the sun of<br />

emancipation which rises on these oppressed people.<br />

(UNEUL)<br />

The following information has been received from NSS “about the development<br />

of the actions for Hungary in Norway”.<br />

This morning the first (Hungarian) refugee student arrived by plane from<br />

Vienna. She is 23, from Györ, has passed her matriculation degree (Abitur),<br />

but was not admitted at the university in her own country because of nonproletarian<br />

origin. She fled when the Russians came, <strong>and</strong> in Vienna she<br />

seems by chance to have met the representative of the Norwegian Refugee<br />

Council there, who invited her to come to us to study . . . . . . . .<br />

Saturday last ,student restaurants in Oslo had herring on the menu instead<br />

of meat which they ordinarily have, <strong>and</strong> we got the balance, kr.1200 (£ 60),<br />

for the students relief project. On Friday a three-days’ subscription of<br />

5 kr. from each student is starting. The Oslo students were following up<br />

very successfully in their “Give one day action” by other universities,<br />

training college, secondary schools <strong>and</strong> so on, <strong>and</strong> we hope to get a part<br />

of these proceeds . . . . . . . . Our plan is to invited 10 students, pay<br />

all their expense the first year, <strong>and</strong> then the “State Loan Fund” is willing<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/

to take over by granting loans to the refugees on the same terms as those<br />

being for our own students.<br />

U N I O N O F S O U T H A F R A I C A<br />

- 29 -<br />

(NSS)<br />

The National Union of South Africa Students issued the following statement<br />

to the press on 13 November, 1956.<br />

The Nation Union of South Africa has been following with anxiety the recent<br />

events in Hungary.<br />

It has come to our attention that course of the disturbances, students<br />

actively engaged in the struggle for their freedom <strong>and</strong> that of their<br />

universities have been made to suffer grievously as a result of military<br />

<strong>and</strong> police action.<br />

The National Union has for some time been of the opinion that all students<br />

living in the totalitarian countries of Eastern Europe have been deprived<br />

of fundamental academic freedom <strong>and</strong> the most elementary of student rights.<br />

The view has been confirm by statement from leading academicians <strong>and</strong><br />

student leaders in Hungary by a call which we received from the staff of<br />

the University of Szöged.<br />

It is a matter for deep regret that it has now become apparent that the<br />

efforts of the students have been of no avail, <strong>and</strong> that their determined<br />

actions have been taken at so great a cost.<br />

The above statement was circulated to Students’ Representative Councils in<br />

South Africa with a request from the NUSAS President, E.K. Wentzel, <strong>and</strong><br />

Vice President for International Relations, J. Ruban. “to assist those<br />

students who suffered as a result of military bombardment <strong>and</strong> police<br />

actions”. NUSAS asked that students donate to “cash sums which may be used<br />

by those distributing relief in whatever manner is most necessary.”<br />

W E S T I N D I E S<br />

(NUSAS)<br />

The Guild of Undergraduates of the College of the West Indies issued the<br />

following statement on November 9, 1956:<br />

The Guild of Undergraduates wishes to express its sincerest sympathy <strong>and</strong><br />

complete solidarity with the students of Hungary in your fight to secure<br />

our legitimate rights.<br />

We believe that student have the right to establish <strong>and</strong> organise democratic<br />

student government empowered to act within its constitution, without any<br />

control of interference from the state. We believe in the autonomy of<br />

Universities as centers of learning <strong>and</strong> research where enquiry for knowledge<br />

can be pursued in an atmosphere of academic freedom, of students’ right to<br />

express opinion on the development of their country <strong>and</strong> to obtain an<br />

education in keeping with their aptitudes <strong>and</strong> interests.<br />

It is our fervent hope that suppression of students will cease immediately,<br />

your dem<strong>and</strong>s will be satisfied, <strong>and</strong> your former rights restored. We are<br />

fully prepared to give you any possible form of assistance, <strong>and</strong> will in the<br />

meanwhile give extensive publicity in our country to your struggle. We<br />

shall be pleased to receive any further information you can offer.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

(Guild of Undergraduates)

COORDINATION COMMITTEE<br />

International Relief for Hungarian Students<br />

PROGRESS REPORT<br />

As you will be aware a Coordinating Committee for<br />

International Relief for Hungarian Students was set up as a result of<br />

the conference attended by 13 National Unions of Students, WUS <strong>and</strong><br />

COSEC, which took place in Vienna November 10-11. The Committee,<br />

which consists of the Austrian National Union of Students (OH), WUS<br />

<strong>and</strong> COSEC, has two aims, to give immediate aid to Hungarian students<br />

who are in need, <strong>and</strong> to convey to them the fullest possible<br />

information on scholarships, which are offer to Hungarian refugee<br />

students <strong>and</strong> to help them in any other way to pursue their studies.<br />

The Committee has been working for one week now <strong>and</strong> is pleased<br />

to present this report on its activities <strong>and</strong> on the current situation<br />

regarding Hungarian students.<br />

At the moment there are between 1200 <strong>and</strong> 1300 Hungarian refugee<br />

students in Austria. It has not been possible to establish contacts<br />

with students in Hungary in the past week, therefore the Committee<br />

has concentrated on the work which could be done in Austria. About<br />

400 of these 1200 students are living in one camp near Salzburg, St.<br />

Wolfgang, all coming from the same University (Hochschule) in<br />

Hungary. The rest of the students were when the Committee started its<br />

work scattered in many different camps. The Committee felt that it<br />

was essential in order to give efficient aid to register all these<br />

students as quickly as possible <strong>and</strong> to gather all those who wish, in<br />

one camp. To reach the first aim the Committee has distributed to all<br />

refugee camps postcards printed in Hungarian asking for eight basic<br />

points of information, which the camp authorities give to students.<br />

These cards are returned free of charge to the committee. Furthermore<br />

a detailed questionnaire on basis of the WUS “Curriculum Vitae” has<br />

been prepared which the Hungarian students fill out when the<br />

Committee contacts them after having received the postcards.<br />

To reach the second aim, to gather the students in one place,<br />

the Committee has succeded in obtaining a house in Vienna with a<br />

capacity of 300-350 beds. The Austrian Government has recognised this<br />

home as an official refugee camp <strong>and</strong> will, therefore, pay for the<br />

food for the students living there. The camp which was opened<br />

Saturday, November 17, took in 50 students the first day, the same<br />

number to be received daily until the camp is full. At the moment,<br />

though, it has not been possible to have all the beds promised by the<br />

International Red Cross. The Committee is in contact with the<br />

important international agencies which are working in Vienna to help<br />

the Hungarians.<br />

In order to give the students the required information about<br />

scholarships the Committee is in contact with official authorities<br />

from Engl<strong>and</strong>, France, Canada <strong>and</strong> Germany <strong>and</strong> local authorities <strong>and</strong><br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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student organisations in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

USA. A lack of contact is felt though with some of the National<br />

Unions, which participated in the above-mentioned conference. The<br />

Committee appeals to all National Unions of Students to send all<br />

information about study possibilities in their countries to its<br />

address immediately. All transport to another country from Austria<br />

<strong>and</strong> from third to a fourth country if necessary will be paid by the<br />

International Committee for European Migration (ICEM).<br />

The Committee has been able to provide the students with<br />

clothes from the supplies received from certain National Unions.<br />

Clothes already collected by NUS’s. but not sent yet, should be sent<br />

as soon as possibles. It is the Committee’s opinion that now<br />

collections of clothes are not necessary for the moment.<br />

Financial support for the student home is urgently needed. Such<br />

funds should be sent to WUS, Geneva, or directly to the Committee.<br />

Furthermore blankets, sheets, soap, towels, pillows, books<br />

(Hungarians if possible, otherwise illustrated magazines),<br />

cigarettes, chocolate, tea, cocoa, coffee, marmalade are needed. The<br />

donors should inform the Committee before goods are shipped, <strong>and</strong> if<br />

the transport is by train the numbers of the wagons should be sent to<br />

the Committee.<br />

The administrative costs of the Committee are at the moment<br />

being covered by a donation from the Danish National Union of<br />

Students. It is our hope that the National Unions will help the<br />

Committee in the work by keeping the closest possible contact <strong>and</strong> by<br />

providing information on individual actions, study possibilities etc.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

Vienna, Austria, November 19, 1956.<br />

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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DISZ OF HUNGARY<br />

The name of the Union of Working Youth of Hungary (DISZ) has<br />

figured prominently in reports of recent events in Hungary of which<br />

the formation of student organisations independent from the DISZ was<br />

one feature. As a consequence, the Secretariat has received a number<br />

of requests for information with regard to the structure <strong>and</strong><br />

functions of the DISZ, the “Student Section” of which has in the<br />

past been regarded as the national student organisation in Hungary.<br />

During his visit to Budapest at the end of the June, 1956, the<br />

Admistrative Secretary had discussion with offices of the DISZ <strong>and</strong><br />

was presented with a French copy of its Constitution. This document<br />

was distributed in the original language to the participants at the<br />

International Student Conference in Ceylon. On the basis of the<br />

Constitution the following summery of the structure <strong>and</strong> functions of<br />

the Union of Working Youth has been prepared.<br />

There is no separate student organisation in Hungary. There is<br />

an overall youth organisation, constitutionally bound to the<br />

Hungarian Worker’s Party (the Hungarian Communist Party).There is a<br />

“Student Section” within the administrative structure, but not within<br />

the membership, <strong>and</strong> no national student meeting are held at which<br />

policy decisions are taken.<br />

The aims <strong>and</strong> objects of the organisation are summarised in<br />

Clauses 2 <strong>and</strong> 3 of the Constitution which read:<br />

1. The Union of Working Youth (DISZ) is the reserve of the party<br />

<strong>and</strong> its auxiliary in all aspects of the building of socialism,<br />

the DIZS operates under immediate direction of the Hungarian<br />

Workers’ Party: the resolutions of the Party are obligatory for<br />

the DISZ. According to the principle of regional division, the<br />

organisation of the DISZ are directed by the appropriate<br />

organs <strong>and</strong> committee of the party. The Central Committee of the<br />

DISZ is directly subordinate to the Central Committee of the<br />

Party.<br />

2. The task of the DISZ consists in preparing its members to<br />

become mamber of the Party. The highest honour which can be<br />

obtained by a member of the DISZ is to become a member of the<br />

Hungarian Workers’ Party.<br />

3. The DISZ supports in all its work the victorious doctrine of<br />

maxist-leninism. The DIZS is the heir to the progressive<br />

traditions of the revolutionary youth of 1848 <strong>and</strong> 1919, which<br />

it continues. Its considers the Union of Young Communist<br />

Workers of Hungary as its predecessor <strong>and</strong> applies in its work<br />

the fighting experiences of the Union. It takes its example<br />

from the leninist Komsomol, first rank fighter of the<br />

international movement of progressive youth”.<br />

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According to Clause 4,the Union of Working Youth “in the spirit<br />

of socialist patriotism <strong>and</strong> proletarian internationalism” developes<br />

in the youth “an unshakable faith in the socialist Soviet Union,<br />

liberator of our country, whose continual <strong>and</strong> friendly aid is the<br />

gauge of our national independence, whose results we have obtained,<br />

<strong>and</strong> of our peace. The Union maintains friendship between the<br />

countries of the Peoples’ Democracies <strong>and</strong> teaches the youth to<br />

support the struggle of the progressive youth of the world, to<br />

appreciate the progressive national culture of other peoples of the<br />

world <strong>and</strong> to hate the enemies of our country <strong>and</strong> our people.”<br />

The organisation is composed of individual units in “factories,<br />

business firms, the armed force, agricultural machinery situation,<br />

agricultural cooperatives, State industries, educational<br />

institutions, communes, administrations, local districts of at least<br />

3 members of the DISZ”.(Clause 29). (A later sector of the<br />

Constitution is the devoted specifically to “the organisations of the<br />

Union of Working Youth in the Hungarian Peoples’ Army <strong>and</strong> in the<br />

Armed formations of the Ministry of the Interior”. (Clauses 34 to<br />

36).<br />

These units all form parts of regional grouping within the<br />

framework of the Union. The constitution of each unit has to be<br />

approved by “The Executive Committee of the Union at a higher level”<br />

(Clauses 29). All groups are subject to decisions of the Central<br />

Committee, the “principle basis of the Union being democratic<br />

centralism” (Clause 9).<br />

The Central Committee is responsible for the direction of the<br />

Union between meetings of the Congress which are held every three<br />

years. It was the Central Committee which decided on the question of<br />

the invitation to the Sixth International Student Conference. The “<br />

Student Section” <strong>and</strong> other “sections” are nominated by the Central<br />

Committee: there is no specific mention of a “Student Section” in the<br />

Constitution. All units of the Union (in the university institutions,<br />

inter alia) operate under the directions of the Central Committee<br />

(Clause 17) <strong>and</strong> “when justified, the Central Committee has the right<br />

to annul the elections of any or all of the name of any committee”<br />

(Clause 26).<br />

In essence, the university student groups form local units<br />

within the framework of the overall youth organisation. The youth<br />

organisation is controlled by the Central Committee, which, for<br />

administrative purposes, has a student section. The Central Committee<br />

is directly subordinate to the Central Committee of the Hungarian<br />

Workers’ Party.<br />

Copies of the full Constitution can be obtained from the<br />

Secretariat on request. The original supplied by the DISZ is in<br />

French but translation are available in English <strong>and</strong> Spanish.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 34 -

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- 2 -<br />

to the crowds, <strong>and</strong> in particular to young people at the universities.<br />

The young people began to organise. They held meetings <strong>and</strong><br />

dem<strong>and</strong>ed their rights. Their dem<strong>and</strong>s at first remained within bounds<br />

of university life - that Russian should be taken off the time table<br />

as a compulsory language, <strong>and</strong> the number of compulsory classes<br />

decreased, for example.<br />

But changes in Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> changes in the country itself<br />

(rehabilitation of Rajk <strong>and</strong> others) encouraged them to come forward<br />

with more radical dem<strong>and</strong>s: - withdrawal of Russian troops from the<br />

country; open trial of Mihaly Farkas <strong>and</strong> his son. These dem<strong>and</strong>s were<br />

no longer within the bounds of university life, but expressed the<br />

will of the whole nation.<br />

Among them was the dem<strong>and</strong> to discontinue the norm <strong>and</strong> that of<br />

compulsory contributions. With these they were able to recruit the<br />

support of both the workers <strong>and</strong> the peasantry. Not only in Budapest,<br />

but also in country places university students became organised <strong>and</strong><br />

at times they were more successful in the country.<br />

Thus the university students of Szeged were the first to<br />

withdraw from the then existing youth organisation, the “DISZ” <strong>and</strong><br />

this decision was of the greatest importance. The “DISZ” was, as it<br />

were, the organ which aimed to educate young people at universities<br />

in the Communist spirit <strong>and</strong> was recognised by the Communists<br />

themselves as the “ gold-stock” of the Party. Through it they tried<br />

to mobilise <strong>and</strong> use young people in the interest of the Party. But,<br />

the withdrawal from the “DISZ” had one aspect of even greater<br />

significance.<br />

In Hungary only children of working-class or peasant origin<br />

were admitted to universities <strong>and</strong> these made up 80-90% of members.<br />

Higher education was given only to young people whom it was felt<br />

could be trusted. These then were the people enjoying to the greatest<br />

extent the support of the State, <strong>and</strong> yet it was they who turned<br />

against the existing regime. The Communists wished to cover up this<br />

fact as it meant the complete failure of their rule - young people<br />

they had trusted most had turned against them! They had been children<br />

when the Soviet “liberation” came, for 12 years were raised in the<br />

Communist spirit, were spoon-fed with its propag<strong>and</strong>a <strong>and</strong> yet they<br />

rose to be rid of its oppressing yoke.<br />

They had never known the real meaning of freedom; it had been<br />

carefully hidden away. An airtight wall had shut them off from the<br />

West. They had been raised in a cage, but now they wanted to break<br />

loose of it; they wanted to find the freedom they so fervently<br />

desired<br />

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- 3 -<br />

<strong>and</strong> which had been so far denied them. They proved to Communists that<br />

no propag<strong>and</strong>a whatsoever quench the thirst for freedom.<br />

Following the example of the university youth in Szeged, one by<br />

one, students in Budapest <strong>and</strong> elsewhere withdrew from membership of<br />

the “DISZ” <strong>and</strong> formed the “MEFESZ” (Union of Hungarian University <strong>and</strong><br />

other tertiary students). This organisation was no longer to act as<br />

the mouthpiece of Communism but to take up the interests of young<br />

people at universities.<br />

Events then moved quickly:<br />

22 October: The students agree to approach the government <strong>and</strong><br />

organise a silent demonstration for 23 October. That night they paste<br />

leaflets listing their dem<strong>and</strong>s on house walls in Budapest.<br />

23 October: Groups loiter in the streets reading the students’<br />

declarations. Murmurs of approval are heard from the crowd.<br />

The demonstration is scheduled for 2 p.m. At 1p.m. the Minister<br />

of Internal Affairs withdrawn permission. Students send a deputation<br />

to Broadcasting House <strong>and</strong> call upon the Minister of the Interior to<br />

withdraw his statement. At 2 p.m. the Minister gives permission for<br />

the demonstration. Thous<strong>and</strong>s of students now make their way along<br />

both sides of the Danube to Bem Joseph square situated in Buda. Here<br />

the two processions meet, those from Pest passing through the inner<br />

city. Along the route people everywhere raise the Hungarian flag. At<br />

Bem joseph square, the students dem<strong>and</strong> the Kossuth emblem <strong>and</strong><br />

soldiers of the army barracks st<strong>and</strong>ing in this square bring it out,<br />

asking the crowd for cockades <strong>and</strong> joining the students to walk back<br />

with them to Pest <strong>and</strong> the Parliamentary building. Meanwhile the<br />

slogans of the crowd become more <strong>and</strong> more radical in character. The<br />

most popular is “Down with Gerö” ( Gero was then Prime Minister).<br />

The crowd become denser <strong>and</strong> denser until it is 60 - 70,000<br />

strong as it reaches the Parliamentary building. As leader of the<br />

crowd, we first talk to them; then we dem<strong>and</strong> that Imre Nagy talk,<br />

since the masses have previously insisted he should be the leader of<br />

the country. Students are promised their dem<strong>and</strong>s will be fulfilled<br />

<strong>and</strong> it is declared on behalf of the government that Gerö will give a<br />

radio-speech. At 8p.m. Gerö denounce us in his broadcast as fascist<br />

h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> threatens punishment. At that moment Russian tanks are<br />

already on their way to Budapest. Gerö’s speech fill the people with<br />

rage <strong>and</strong> they march along Stalin Road towards Stalin square to<br />

destroy the Stalin monument. Another crowd makes its way towards<br />

Broadcasting House to announce its 15 point proclamation. While the<br />

crowd in Stalin square pulls down the<br />

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- 4 -<br />

statue, these in Broadcasting House fire the first shot. And the<br />

students dem<strong>and</strong> printing of their 15 points the AVO (secret police)<br />

open fire on them. This firing marks the beginning of the revolution,<br />

<strong>and</strong> with arms obtained from the soldiers, students besiege<br />

Broadcasting House. As soon as the crowds gathered on Stalin square<br />

learn of the shooting, they disarm all soldiers in town <strong>and</strong> march to<br />

the army barracks where the soldiers h<strong>and</strong> them arms.<br />

This fact was also of prime importance. The police <strong>and</strong> the<br />

armed forces whose task it was to protect the government, sided with<br />

the people, <strong>and</strong> after all they were of the people. That night,<br />

fighting started in Budapest. At first the army remained passive but<br />

when Soviet tanks appeared the next day, they openly sided with the<br />

people <strong>and</strong> began a fight of life or death.<br />

The Soviet troops were supported by the AVO whose members have<br />

even less regard for human life than the Russians, but I shall not<br />

digress here is details have been given in the newspapers. Every<br />

person who possessed arms or could obtain them, took part in the<br />

fighting - soldiers, civilians, women <strong>and</strong> even children. To replenish<br />

their ammunition the AVO use ambulances car to obtain protection <strong>and</strong><br />

then even fired at the ambulance personnel. Doctors were fired upon<br />

<strong>and</strong> the streets littered with dead bodies <strong>and</strong> hospital packed so that<br />

wounded lay on the floors. In the street, people queuing for bread<br />

were fired upon with machine-guns <strong>and</strong> artillery. The people’s<br />

ammunition was running out, but in spite of this, the revolution was<br />

approaching a victorious end.<br />

The government changed <strong>and</strong> Imre Nagy became Prime Minister<br />

taking the place of Gerö in the Cabinet. New people filled<br />

ministerial seats <strong>and</strong> among them the despicable traitor János Kádár<br />

who had been a political prisoners under the Rakosi regime.<br />

The government asked the Russians to withdraw their troops from<br />

Budapest. Revolutionary committees were being formed <strong>and</strong> power was<br />

now in their h<strong>and</strong>s.<br />

In the town itself there was chaos . A number of revolutionary<br />

committees were at wars, the most powerful of which was the committee<br />

of Hungarian intellectuals <strong>and</strong> it was this committee which had the<br />

greatest influence over the population. Gradually the fighting<br />

stopped, though here <strong>and</strong> there it continued against small scattered<br />

groups of the AVO. Complete victory was nearly ours when the<br />

insidious Russian intervention began.<br />

Pretending to secure the withdrawal of Russian troops, they<br />

occupied commune then lines between Budapest <strong>and</strong> Zahony. They<br />

occupied the<br />

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- 5 -<br />

airfields <strong>and</strong> all the other important points. Soviet tanks poured in<br />

from Rumania, until a threefold ring encircled Budapest. The Soviet<br />

attacked on 3 November.<br />

It was history’s most treacherous attack against a h<strong>and</strong>ful of<br />

people fighting for their freedom in the middle of Europe.<br />

The Soviet troops had a crushing superiority over the poorly<br />

equipped Hungarian army. You all knew the rest.<br />

Hungary has become one huge battlefield. There is ruin <strong>and</strong><br />

annihilation everywhere yet the people continue still their desperate<br />

fight <strong>and</strong> will continue as long as they have weapons.<br />

But rather let us consider what this revolution has taught us,<br />

as it will be important for all countries <strong>and</strong> also for members of the<br />

Communist Party in these countries.<br />

In the first place, Communist policy has dropped its veil <strong>and</strong><br />

shown its real face. Soviet propag<strong>and</strong>a which has always been shouting<br />

for peace <strong>and</strong> denouncing imperialism has not refrained from<br />

insidiously attacking a small nation engaged in desperate fight for<br />

its freedom. This must discredit the Soviet for ever in the eyes of<br />

the world. Of added significance also is the fact that in the cases<br />

of Korea <strong>and</strong> Vietnam, the Soviet Union declared the break-down of<br />

capitalism had started when these countries broke the chain of<br />

capitalistic oppression; but here we are with a country in the very<br />

centre of Europe which wishes to break away from the Communist chain<br />

after 12 years of propag<strong>and</strong>a. If the revolution successes, it will<br />

serve as an example for all other democracies as well, for there have<br />

been demonstrations in Rumania too. And to use the Soviet Union’s own<br />

phraseology: thus also the collapse of Communism has made a<br />

beginning.<br />

It was only to be expected for nations have always wanted<br />

freedom <strong>and</strong> stills want it today, you will always want it even in the<br />

face of oppression. And sooner or later, the world will have to<br />

submit to the will of the millions of people fighting for their<br />

freedom.<br />

Hungary is not lost <strong>and</strong> shall not be lost, however small it may<br />

be compared to the Soviet Union, for it has found many friends<br />

throughout the world, such friends as sympathise with the fate of<br />

this small Hungarian nation, still fighting for its freedom.<br />

- 39 -

Students <strong>and</strong> the Hungarian Revolution<br />

The following matrices of photographs are available <strong>and</strong><br />

will be sent to any student publication requesting them.<br />

There is no charge for the service. Write to the Coordinating<br />

Secretariat, Post Box 36, Leiden, Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, or cable:<br />

COSEC LEIDEN.<br />

CAPTIONS FOR MATRICES<br />

Please request matrices by number<br />

N 1 Hungarian refugees on arrival at transit centre at<br />

Traeskirchen, near Vienna, after being brought in<br />

lorries <strong>and</strong> coaches from the point where they crossed<br />

the frontier into Austria. Students among these groups<br />

are picked out at Registration for special attention by<br />

the Austrian National Union of Students <strong>and</strong> other<br />

volunteer student helpers.<br />

N 2 “Where do we go next?” - In crowded accommodation at<br />

Traeskirchen transit center Hungarian students <strong>and</strong> their<br />

young refugee discuss that the future might have in<br />

store.<br />

N 3 Half the Hungarian student refugees came from one<br />

University <strong>and</strong> School of Agriculture at Sopron, near the<br />

Austrian border. Together with their Rector <strong>and</strong> other<br />

faculty members they have been given free one of a<br />

former women’s domestic science <strong>and</strong> commercial training<br />

college at St. Wolfgang, near Salzburg, where they have<br />

resumed coop rate university life. The picture shows<br />

Sopron students outside one of their new university<br />

buldings.<br />

PLEASE CREDIT THESE PHOTOS TO “COSEC”<br />

For futher information, please contact COSEC<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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SUPPORT FOR HUGARIAN STUDENTS<br />

Since the original Hungarian uprising on October 23, initiated<br />

largely by students of Budapest, students the world over have taken<br />

part in one of the greatest expressions of solidarity ever accorded<br />

on the international level to any action.<br />

Unprecedented sums of money have been raised virtually over<br />

night by National Unions of Students. For example, the Union in<br />

Danmark collected DKr 90,000 (£ 4,500, $ 12,600) in three days, in<br />

Finl<strong>and</strong> 2.5 million Finmark. (£ 3,750, $ 10,500), in Holl<strong>and</strong> Dfl<br />

155,000 ( £ 14,500, $42,000) <strong>and</strong> in Sweden DKr 80, 000 (£ 5,700,<br />

$16,000) at a single student meeting. Students also donated large<br />

sums for Hungarian students relief in Engl<strong>and</strong>, France, Germany,<br />

Norway, Scotl<strong>and</strong>, South Africa, Switzerl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the United States,<br />

among other countries.<br />

There were expressions of students solidarity with Hungarian<br />

students, including demonstrations at Soviet embassies, in Argentina,<br />

Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Sweden <strong>and</strong> Switzerl<strong>and</strong>,<br />

to name the most prominent.<br />

Official statements of support for Hungarian student dem<strong>and</strong>s<br />

for academic freedom <strong>and</strong> university autonomy have been issued by<br />

representatives National Unions of Students in every area of the<br />

globe, including Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finl<strong>and</strong>, France, Germany,<br />

Holl<strong>and</strong>, Indonesia, Italy, Lebanon, Mexico, Norway, Scotl<strong>and</strong>, South<br />

Africa, Sweden, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, United States, Vietnam, <strong>and</strong> the West<br />

Indies. Support has been expressed by a number of international<br />

university <strong>and</strong> student organisations including Pax Romana<br />

(International Movement of Catholic Students <strong>and</strong> its graduate<br />

partner), World University Service <strong>and</strong> the World Assembly of Youth.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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Swfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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In response to requests <strong>and</strong> following the initiatives of<br />

National Unions of Students, the Coordinating Secretariat of National<br />

Unions of Students (COSEC, Leiden, Netherl<strong>and</strong>s) called a meeting of<br />

National Unions in Vienna, with the Austrian National Union as host,<br />

on November 10 <strong>and</strong> 11, to discuss the coordination of relief efforts<br />

for Hungarian students. Fourteen National Unions of Students were<br />

represented at the meeting. Its result was the establishment of a<br />

Coordinating Committee composed of representatives of the Austrian<br />

National Union of Students, World University Service, <strong>and</strong> the<br />

Coordinating Secretariat.<br />

This Coordinating Committee has been functioning since that<br />

time in Vienna in an affort to provide immediate aid for Hungarian<br />

refugee students in Austria - accommodation, clothing, food, books,<br />

medicine - <strong>and</strong> to coordinate long term scholarship opportunities for<br />

the students.<br />

The Coordinating Committee reported on November 14 that some<br />

1,300 Hungarian refugee students were in Austria. Since that time,<br />

the Committee believes that the number has been more than doubled by<br />

students fleeing from the fear of deportation of young people to the<br />

Soviet Union. The latest estimate st<strong>and</strong> at around 3,000 <strong>and</strong> the<br />

influx of student refugees continued.<br />

Preliminary registration cards for almost 2,000 Hungarian<br />

students have been collected by the Committee <strong>and</strong> complete curriculum<br />

vitae for about 700 of these. The Committee reports that about 400<br />

students have been accommodated at St. Wolfgang, Austria <strong>and</strong> about<br />

300 in Graz, Austria <strong>and</strong> that a hostel accommodating up to 500<br />

students in Vienna <strong>and</strong> another for about 120 in Switzerl<strong>and</strong> have been<br />

acquired by the Committee. Registration <strong>and</strong> accommodation of student<br />

refugees is proceeding as rapidly as possible.<br />

The International Red Cross, the Austrian Government <strong>and</strong> the<br />

International Rescue Committee are providing the Committee with funds<br />

for the accommodation of refugee students in Austria <strong>and</strong> for other<br />

immediate material needs.<br />

The principle objective of the Coordinating Committee is to<br />

provide scholarships for Hungarian students to allow them to pursue<br />

their studies in other university centres. Already a number have left<br />

Austria for universities elsewhere in Europe, including 150 to<br />

Germany, 45 to Holl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 20 to Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. Hundred of scholarship<br />

opportunities have been offered through National Unions of Students<br />

<strong>and</strong> governments. The Committee<br />

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Circular No. 16/1956-57 November 23, 1956<br />

Reference No. 110/Cuba<br />

THE UNIVERSITY SITUATION IN CUBA<br />

Dear Friends,<br />

At the Ceylon Conference, in view of university situation<br />

in Cuba, the following resolution are adopted.<br />

The Sixth International Student Conference expresses its<br />

solidarity with the Cuban students in the struggle for liberty<br />

<strong>and</strong> for university autonomy in their country. Therefore the<br />

Conference<br />

urges COSEC to report about the university situation in<br />

Cuba through its publications (Bulletins, circulars, etc.,),<br />

in order to inform the students;<br />

urges COSEC to send to the Cuban government the present<br />

resolution <strong>and</strong> to inform it of the dem<strong>and</strong>s of the Conference<br />

as follows:<br />

a.) that funds be given to the universities, which belong to<br />

it rightfully according to the Constitution;<br />

b.) that freedom of association be granted to the students as<br />

well as self-government to the universities;<br />

c.) that detained students against whom no legal charges can<br />

be brought be released;<br />

d.) that students’ lives be respected <strong>and</strong> no bloodshed be<br />

committed.<br />

Lastly, the Conference urges the National Unions to give<br />

full support to the Cuban students.<br />

In this connection, the Secretariat wants to communicate<br />

to you that it has brought the above-mentioned text to the<br />

notice of the Cuban Government <strong>and</strong> that so far it has not<br />

received any answer.<br />

Later we have received reports from the Cuban University<br />

Students Declaration(FEU)in which they inform us of the extremely<br />

difficult situation through which they are passing, requesting<br />

us to circulate this information to the National Unions.<br />

It is therefore, in accordance with this resolution, that<br />

we bring to your notice the information from the FEU, annexing<br />

it to the present circular.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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As on other occasions, we would appreciate very much if<br />

you would inform the Secretariat of the actions which the<br />

National Unions undertake to apply with the resolution of the<br />

Ceylon Conference <strong>and</strong> the appeal of the FEU.<br />

With best wishes,<br />

Jean Barros Barros<br />

Associate Secretary<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

THE COORDINATING SECRETARIAT<br />

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John M. Thompson<br />

Administrative Secretary

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-7-<br />

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VI th WORLD FESTIVAL OF YOUTH AND STUDENTS<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS<br />

There are the subjects proposed discussion in the meetings<br />

between young people during the festival in Moscow.<br />

Miners<br />

Farmers<br />

Dockers<br />

- Working conditions, safety measures <strong>and</strong> ways of<br />

safeguarding the health of young miners.<br />

- Possibility for young farmers to have their own farms<br />

<strong>and</strong> the conditions for making them paying enterprises,<br />

Exchange of experience on farming.<br />

- Protection of the labour of young dockers during<br />

h<strong>and</strong>ing operations. Professional training, full<br />

employment <strong>and</strong> permanent salaries for young dockers.<br />

Electrical Engineer <strong>and</strong> Power Industry<br />

- Conditions for the training <strong>and</strong> improvement of young<br />

workers in the electrical engineering <strong>and</strong> power<br />

industry.<br />

Food Industry<br />

- Mechanization <strong>and</strong> intensification of labour in the<br />

food industry <strong>and</strong> the position of young workers.<br />

Working conditions <strong>and</strong> health protection.<br />

Building Workers<br />

Railwaymen<br />

- Professional training.<br />

- Mechanization in building <strong>and</strong> problems facing the<br />

young builders.<br />

- Intensification of labour <strong>and</strong> working conditions.<br />

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stated in September, 1956 that “where there is no segregation, as in the position<br />

at certain Universities, it must be established or enforced.” This same Minister<br />

stated in July 1956 that apartheid would be established at the Universities<br />

“regardless of cost.”<br />

In reply to a repeated request from NUSAS <strong>and</strong> the open Universities to the<br />

Minister of Education to receive a deputation to discuss University apartheid, he<br />

replied “the provision of separate facilities is the declared policy of the<br />

Government” <strong>and</strong> that therefore he was not prepared to receive a deputation to<br />

discuss the question. This refusal seems to indicate that the Government are not<br />

prepared to take into consideration the opinion of the Universities concerned.<br />

Ever since the Government started threatening to interfere in the Universities<br />

of Cape Town <strong>and</strong> the Witwatersr<strong>and</strong>, students <strong>and</strong> staff concerned have used to<br />

arguments in reply - firstly, any enforcement of apartheid contrary to the wishes<br />

of the Universities would be a clear violation of the independence of these<br />

Universities; secondly, all the evidence from responsible persons intimately<br />

connected with the system of non-segregation in the Universities proves that nonsegregation<br />

not only a workable policy, but appears to be the best educational<br />

policy for South African Universities.<br />

The independence of the Universities is a long-honoured tradition in the<br />

Western world. It has through long experience been found essential for the proper<br />

functioning of a University as a community of staff <strong>and</strong> students who seek the<br />

truth, the ensure that there is no outside interference in the international<br />

affairs of the University has four essential freedoms - whom to teach, how to<br />

teach, what to teach <strong>and</strong> who shall teach. Any dictation to the Universities in<br />

regard to any one of these freedoms must be seen as a possible fore-runner of<br />

indoctrinated teaching. This is especially true in South Africa, where the<br />

Government are committed to a policy of separate <strong>and</strong> different education for<br />

Africans in the schools, as was conclusively proved by the Eiselen Commission “as<br />

an independent race” <strong>and</strong> to equip the Africans” to meet the dem<strong>and</strong>s which the<br />

economic life of South Africa will impose upon him.” (Dr Verwoerd)<br />

The late Dr. T.B. Davie, Principal of the University of Cape Town, stated<br />

in his Hoernle Memorial Lecture in 1955:<br />

“There can be little doubt that it is the intention of the framers of the Act that<br />

the education of the African child shall be different from that of the European<br />

<strong>and</strong> further, that this difference shall establish <strong>and</strong> perpetuate an inferior<br />

status in the African in relation to the European.” Those opposed to University<br />

apartheid fear that this inferior education may be lot of non-white students at<br />

any segregated colleges.<br />

Most important of all, however, of the arguments which can be advanced for<br />

the open Universities, is the success of the policy of academic non-segregation<br />

as practiced at the Universities of Cape Town <strong>and</strong> the Witwatersr<strong>and</strong> for the past<br />

50 years. Segregated Universities in South Africa, both white <strong>and</strong> black, are<br />

often noted for their suspicion of people of the other race <strong>and</strong> for their extreme<br />

nationalism. The open Universities, on the other h<strong>and</strong>, have made a notable<br />

contribution to better race relations in South Africa. Anyone conversant with<br />

South African problems will realise that what is most conspicuously lacking in<br />

the Union today is an opportunity for educated persons of different races to meet<br />

in a friendly manner <strong>and</strong> the discuss their problems objectively. The open<br />

Universities offer the only regular opportunity in the whole of South Africa for<br />

such contact. Any move which<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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prevents this contact between students <strong>and</strong> staff of different races at<br />

the open universities must be as a threat to racial peace in South<br />

Africa <strong>and</strong> eventually the whole continent.<br />

The Universities of Cape Town <strong>and</strong> Witwatersr<strong>and</strong> have strenuously<br />

argued that the presence of non-white students has made the open<br />

Universities true Universities. There can be no doubt that segregation<br />

would mean inferior facilities for non-whites <strong>and</strong> thus inferior education.<br />

This inferiority is clearly demonstrated by a comparison of the poor<br />

facilities at the University College of Ford Hare (established 1916)<br />

<strong>and</strong> the other Universities. Similarly at the University of Natal the<br />

facilities at the non-white section (except for the Medical School) are<br />

much inferior to those provided for the white students. Throughout<br />

South Africa it is commonly accepted that facilities for white should<br />

be superior to those provided for non-whites. In fact, South Africa is<br />

the only country in the world which, by a Separate Amenities Act,<br />

declared that separate facilities for non-whites need not be equal.<br />

NUSAS <strong>and</strong> the students of the open Universities go further, <strong>and</strong> support<br />

the ruling of the United States Supreme Court that “separate facilities<br />

are inherently unequal.”<br />

None of the arguments against the open Universities have been<br />

borne out in fact, <strong>and</strong> the Universities are defending their right to<br />

admit non-whites as students with every means in their power.<br />

We, as the representatives of over 10,000 South African students<br />

<strong>and</strong> in particular those at the open Universities, address this letter<br />

to you in other counties, in the hope that it will assist you to<br />

underst<strong>and</strong> the threat of interference by the South African Government<br />

in the open Universities of Cape Town <strong>and</strong> the Witwatersr<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> that<br />

we completely oppose any enforced apartheid in our Universities.<br />

Cape Town, October, 1956.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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Resolution adopted by the Sixth International Student Conference:<br />

..........<br />

University Situation in South Africa<br />

The Conference notes that South African Government has<br />

indicated that it intends to introduce legislation at the<br />

beginning of the next parliament which will have the effect of<br />

ending the system of “open” universities at Cape Town <strong>and</strong><br />

Witwatersr<strong>and</strong>. The Conference therefore recommends to the<br />

National Unions that as soon as the government of South Africa<br />

gives public notice of its intention, the National Unions take<br />

action to indicate their opposition to this proposal, such<br />

action taking the form of direct letters to South Africa,<br />

intervention with the government’s diplomatic representatives,<br />

<strong>and</strong> messages from leading educators <strong>and</strong> university authorities,<br />

particularly in countries with a similar educational system to<br />

that of South Africa.<br />

The Conference also:<br />

..........<br />

b recommends that the protests of the National Unions of Students<br />

against the introduction of segregation into the remaining<br />

unsegregated universities should be channelled through the<br />

Coordinating Secreariat in order that those protests should be<br />

registered in the most effective way possible.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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Dear Friend,<br />

Herewith we are sending you a set of photos about the<br />

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1st Dec, 1956<br />

activities of the Chinese people <strong>and</strong> youth in support the Egyptian<br />

people in resistance to the Anglo-French aggression in Egypt. We<br />

think it will be of use to your magazines or other publications.<br />

The people’s movement in support of Egypt here is in full<br />

swing. We believe that with the support of the people the world over,<br />

the righteous struggle of the Egyptian people will certainly win.<br />

With our fraternal greetings,<br />

Sincerely yours,<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

Secretariat<br />

All China Federation of Democratic Youth

TO: National Union of Students<br />

Student Body Presidents (U.S.)<br />

International Persons<br />

USNSA has made three full mailings to its member-school student body<br />

presidents on the recent Hungarian crisis. What began as a sympathetic response<br />

to Hungarian student dem<strong>and</strong>s for freedom has turned toward solving immediate<br />

needs of refugee students who have fled from Hungary. But the original cause - the<br />

cause for which Hungarian students have brought so much responsibility upon<br />

themselves - has not been forgotten by U.S. students. U.S. students marked the<br />

significance of Hungarian students in this revolt <strong>and</strong> their reasons for organizing<br />

<strong>and</strong> fighting; U.S. students have regarded the Hungarian events not as an uprising<br />

against one regime but lasted as a quest for freedom embodying the aspirations of<br />

students of students throughout the world.<br />

The second of our domestic mailings - that of 6 November - was sent in<br />

similar form to overseas addresses. Here we will bring up-to-date our reporting<br />

of the whole Hungarian situation.<br />

I. HUNGARIAN STUDENT TOURS U.S COLLEGES UNDER USNSA PROGRAM<br />

What part did Hungarian students play in the revolt? How was it that<br />

University of Budapest <strong>and</strong> University of Sopron students organized independently<br />

but at the same time, without corresponding or agreeing to organize? How was it<br />

that Soviet soldiers had been variously informed that they were being sent to Suez<br />

or to protect Hungary against “Western” invaders? How did the Sopron students<br />

first formulate their dem<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> then turn to military action when Soviet<br />

soldiers were ordered to break the revolt?<br />

Istvan Lazlo, elected leader of the students of the University of Sopron<br />

on 23 October, came to the U.S. on November 5 as a member of the mission to the<br />

UN of Mrs. Anna Kethy, Minister of State without portfolio of the Imrc Nagy<br />

government. When USNSA found that he was here, we endeavored to give him the<br />

opportunity of speaking to college <strong>and</strong> university audience, the group to which he<br />

thought the most important the Hungarian student plight be explained. In his<br />

talks since October 18 he has explained some of the questions which we have stated<br />

above.<br />

USNSA has organized for Laszlo a tour of colleges <strong>and</strong> universities throughout<br />

the U.S. We feel that it is important that the quest of Hungarian students for<br />

freedom be explained, that their circumstances be described, <strong>and</strong> that the events<br />

of the short-lived revolt be elaborated. By underst<strong>and</strong>ing this one instance in<br />

which the Universities were oppressed, matriculation made dependent upon criteria<br />

other than ability <strong>and</strong> effort, <strong>and</strong> limitations placed on personal freedom of<br />

inquiry <strong>and</strong> expression, U.S. students can gain a better underst<strong>and</strong>ing of their<br />

own freedom perhaps too often taken for granted.<br />

Funds collected at meetings at which Istvan appears are to be given through<br />

USNSA, at his request, to the COSEC WUS Austrian (NUS coordinating committee for<br />

international Hungarian students relief In Vienna <strong>and</strong> to the Hungarian student<br />

committee now being formed by elected representatives of the refugee students<br />

centers in Austria.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

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II. FROM CLIVE GRAY IN VIENNA AND CRAWFORD YOUNG IN PARIS<br />

Gray is en route to take up study in India. He served as USNSA international vice<br />

-president (1955-56).Young is a former Michigan Daily editor <strong>and</strong> USNSA representative<br />

in Europe.<br />

(1) BB343 B CDU092 53 PD INTL FR - CD PARIS VIA FRENCE 7 0130 (7 November)<br />

LARKIN NATSTUD CAMBRIGEMASS<br />

STUDENT REACTION SOVIET AGGRESSION IMMENSE STOP DEMONSTRATION FRANCE SWITZERLAND<br />

SWEDEN BELGIUM HOLLAND STOP DANES COLLECT 5000 POUNDS STOP MEETING THIS WEEKEND<br />

VIENNA ALL NUSS PLANNED STOP REGARDS<br />

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CRAWFORD<br />

(2) B CDV 219 192 /191 1/51 PD INTL - CD WTRN VIA MACKAY 12 1720 LT<br />

(12 November)<br />

NATSTUD CAMBRIDGEMASS<br />

CONFERENCE REPRENSENTATIVE 13 NUSES STOP CONFERENCE ESTABLISH 3-MAN COSEC WUS OH<br />

COMMITTE TO SURVEY NEEDS REGISTER STUDENTS DISTRIBUTE FUNDS CONTRIBUTED NUSES WUS<br />

STOP COSEC EFFECTIVE ACTION WIDELY HAILED EUROPE STOP ABOUT 1200 REFUGEE STUDENTS<br />

HERE MOST SEPERATED SPECIAL STUDENT CAMPS RELIEF NEED GREAT SINCE STUDENTS FLED<br />

MINUS EFFECTS STOP SOPRON UNIVERSITY LARGELY INTACT IN SALZBURG MAY REESTABLISH<br />

SELF STOP MANY NUS GOVERNMENT SCHOLARSHIP OFFERS SHUOLD BE SOME AMERICA STOP<br />

LASZLO ISTVAN LEGITIMATE RECOGNIZED LEADER IMPORTANT LOCALITY STOP ALL CABLE ME<br />

HOTLE REGINA ANY ADVICE OR RELIEF RESULTS<br />

(3) FA6/19 NO5 /19 PARIS 240 18 2320 LT(19 November)<br />

CLIVE<br />

WORLDSTUD NY (WORLD UNIVERSITY SERVICE 20 W 40 ST 3RD FLOOR)<br />

LEAST 1200 HUNGARIAN REFUGEE STUDENTS INCLUDING MANY FORMER POLITICAL PRISONERS<br />

HAVE FLED TO AUSTRIA MINUS BELONGINGS STOP HUNDREDS MORE EXPECTED IN FACE BRUTAL<br />

SOVIET DEPORTATIONS STOP ALL IVE MET PARTCIPATED IN STUDENT INSPIRED NATIONAL<br />

REVOLUTION STOP SHOW GREAT COURAGE AMAZING DEVOTION AND UNDERSTANDING DEMOCRATIC<br />

IDEALS AND DETERMINATION RECOMMENCE CONSTRUCTIVE LIVES STOP EUROPEAN STUDENT<br />

GROUPS PROVIDING MAGNANIMOUS ASSISTANCE BUT LARGE SCALE AMERICAN STUDENT HELP IS<br />

ESSENTIAL STOP ON 11/16 INTERNATIONAL STUDENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE SUPPORTED<br />

BY WUS AND USNSA ESTABLISHED SPECIAL HOSTEL 300 STUDENT REFUGEES FOR NEXT THREE<br />

MONTHS STOP TREMENDOUS STEP FORWARD IN HANDLING STUDENT PROBLEM BUT STILL SHORT<br />

RANGE NEED MONEY FOR MAINTENANCE HOSTEL ALSO TRANSPORTATION CLOTHING MISCELLANEOUS<br />

EFFECTS BOOKS INSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PERSONNEL STOP LONG RANGE NEED ASSIST<br />

RESETTLEMENT FILL OUT GAPS EUROPEAN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS PROVIDE EDUCATIONAL<br />

FACILITIES ALL TYPES TO UNIVERSITY OF SOPRON NOW REESTABLISHING SELF NEAR<br />

SALZBURG STOP NO POSSIBLITIES YET ENSURE CORRECT DISTRIBUTION STUDENT RELIEF IN<br />

HUNGARY BUT ARE INVESTIGATING STOP HUNGARIAN STUDENTS LOOK TO AMERICA FOR AID AND<br />

MORAL SUPPORT STOP HOPE WE WONT LET THEM DOWN STOP WE REQUEST SPEEDY INFORMATION<br />

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS DATES FOR REFUGEES INTO SCHOOL OFFERING SCHOLARSHIPS<br />

ESPECIALLY MEDICINE ENGINEERING EG ANY EMERGENCY SIMPLIFICATIONS STOP OUR SUGGESTION<br />

HAVE REFUGEES WORK ONE YEAR LEARN LANGUAGE THEN STUDY SINCE FEW BETTER THAN BROKEN<br />

ENGLISH REGINA VIENNA MONAY PLEASE INFORM LARKIN<br />

CLIVE<br />

(4) BB287 B CDW051 314/311 1/50 PD INTL CD WIEN VIA MACKAY 23 1925 LT<br />

(23 November)<br />

NATSTUD CAMBRIGE (MASS)<br />

NOW ORGANIZED 800 STUDENTS WEST AUSTRIA AND COMMITTEE FORMED ON BASIS REPRESENTATION<br />

MOST REFUGEE STUDENT CENTERS BY MIDDLE NEXT WEEK STOP SOPRON STUDENTS CONCERNED<br />

ABOUT LASZLO ABSENCE BUT THEY SAY OK ON 3 WEEKS US TRAVEL PROVIDED HE WRITES THEM<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/

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IMMEDIATELY TO INFORM OF ACTIVITIES STOP ADDRESS SOPRONER STUDENTSCHAFT LARGER<br />

STROBL ST WOLFGANG SALZBURG AUSTRIA STOP US IMMIGRATION AUTHORITIES EMPHASIZING<br />

FAMILY UNITS IN AWARDING VISA UNDER 5000 QUOTA AND MAY EXCLUDE STUDENTS FROM SAME<br />

REQUEST YOUR HELP STOP JUST RETURNED FROM GRAZ EXEPECT REMAIN HERE MOST NEXT WEEK<br />

THEN POSSIBLY WARSAW SINCE HAVE OBTIANED VISA STOP PLEASE ADVISE<br />

CLIVE<br />

(5) BA418 B CDU919 111 1/50 PD INTL FR - CD WIEN VIA MACKAY 27 2310 (27<br />

November)<br />

NATSTUD FOR JACQZ CAMBRIDGE (MASS) (WORLD UNIVERSITY SERVICE)<br />

COORDINATING COMMITTEE REGISTRATION 1000 135 LIST US PREFERENCE SUBJECT ENGINEERING<br />

DIFFERENT TYPES 60 MEDICINE 13 VETERINARY 4 CHEMISTY 10 HUMANITY 5 LAW 5<br />

ARCHITECTURE 4 BUSINESS 4 ECONOMICS 2 AGRICULTURE 4 THIS ONLY SAMPLE LIST<br />

INCLUDING SOME ALREADY DEPARTED THROUGH IRC STOP LEAST 150 MORE ESTIMATED US<br />

PREFERENCE BASIS INTERVIEWS GRAZ VIENNA PROBABLY SIMILAR BREAKDOWN SUBJECTS STOP<br />

LANGUAGE PROBLEM SERIOUS FEW KNOW ANY ENGLISH URGE PLAN JOB AND OR LANGAUE CLASSES<br />

WITH UTILIZATION MOST STUDY SCHOLARSHIPS ONLY SEPTEMBER 1957 STOP WE READY SEND<br />

STUDENT WHEN PROGRAM READY THIS REGARD AND IF VISA QUOTA LASTS OR IS RAISED STOP<br />

SUGGEST IMMEDIATE EFFORTS SPECIAL VISA PROVISIONS STUDENTS<br />

GRAY<br />

These cables constitute the same information which the International Commission<br />

has at its disposal. Note especially the language <strong>and</strong> quota problems.<br />

III. RELIEF AND STUDY OPPORTUNITIES<br />

Some funds will be needed for administrative expenses of the COSEC-WUS-OH<br />

committee in Vienna. Registering students <strong>and</strong> keeping track of need there cost<br />

money, but must be done if relief funds are to be distributed correctly <strong>and</strong><br />

scholarship needs <strong>and</strong> qualifications assessed. USNSA is prepared to transmit<br />

funds to that committee or to the Hungarian student committee now formed. Member<br />

schools wishint to follow this procedure may submit funds to the commission<br />

office, indication p<strong>references</strong> as to disposition.<br />

World University Service is the chief avenue of student relief giving to<br />

aid refugee students. The National Federation of Catholic College Students is<br />

also able to transmit funds to appropriate channels. USNSA encourages your giving<br />

through one of those two groups. World University Service has informed us that it<br />

now has about $ 30,000. Major contributions so far recorded in New York, in<br />

approximate figures <strong>and</strong> not differentiated between member <strong>and</strong> non- member schools,<br />

are as follows:<br />

Louisiana State University $ 1,850.00<br />

University of So. California 587.00<br />

University of Redl<strong>and</strong>s 1,000.00<br />

Cal Tech 6,000.00<br />

Bryn Mawr 898.00<br />

Miami University ( Ohio ) 500.00<br />

Vassar 2,156.00<br />

Rollins College 1,000.00<br />

Oberlin College 576.00<br />

State College of Washington 1,664.00<br />

Claremont 570.00<br />

Chapman (enrollment 300) 1,000.00<br />

UCLA 500.00<br />

Long Beach State College 500.00<br />

Yale University 6,000.00<br />

Harvard University 2,000.00<br />

Brown-Pembroke 1,313.00<br />

Stephens College 500.00<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 104 -<br />

This is not a complete list,<br />

even of major contributions.<br />

It is placed here to give an<br />

index of the giving of some<br />

institutions, <strong>and</strong> not tendered<br />

as exhaustive.

- 4 -<br />

Bradford Jr. College 495.00<br />

Northwestern University 3,000.00<br />

University of Illinois 2,000.00<br />

Twenty-eight institutions have indicated to World University Service that<br />

they can accept refugee students <strong>and</strong> provide financial aid. WUS estimates that<br />

there are now firm offers of about 100 places. However, they note that particular<br />

need lies for medical <strong>and</strong> engineering places.<br />

The following addresses may be useful:<br />

UNSA International Commission National Federation of Catholic College<br />

142 Mt. Auburn Street Trinity College<br />

Cambridge 38, Massachusetts Washington, D.C<br />

World University Service National Office, 20 West 40th Street, N. Y. 18, N.Y.<br />

WUS Regional Offices:<br />

1145 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts<br />

1001 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania<br />

13 Auburn Avenue, Atlanta 3, Georgia<br />

19 South La Salle Street, Chicago 3, Illinois<br />

3012 Maple Avenue, Dallas 4, Texas<br />

715 South hope Street, Los Angeles 17, California<br />

813 S.W. 6th Avenue, Portl<strong>and</strong> 4, Oregon<br />

Schools which have not done so are encourage to undertake emergency<br />

fund drives for Hungarian student relief. For assistance contact a WUS<br />

regional office at address at above.<br />

In summary, U.S. schools may follow one of these courses:<br />

(1) Raise funds, sending to USNSA for transmission to indicated point or<br />

for use our Judgment, for relief or other purposes; USNSA may transfer<br />

to WUS,<br />

(2) Raise funds, sending to WUS or NFCCS, especially if moneys not<br />

earmarked for administration, Hungarian committee, ect.<br />

(3) Contact WUS regarding scholarship needs; obtain guarantee of tuition<br />

from administration <strong>and</strong> provide funds to cover other needs; you may<br />

communicate either to WUS or to USNS: on this matter.<br />

(4) Continue to consider moral support of Hungarian students <strong>and</strong><br />

implications for freedom which their actions involved; but translation<br />

of these sentiments to action most basis present need.<br />

IV. USNSA CABLE<br />

On 18 November USNSA sent the following two cables protesting widely<br />

reported deportation of Hungarian students:<br />

PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, WHIT HOUSE, WASHINGTON D.C.<br />

USNSA PEPRESENTING 710,000 STUDENTS AND 311 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES URGES<br />

IMMEDIATE CLARIFICATION POSITION OF US GOVERMENT WITH RESPECT TO SOVIET DEPORTATION<br />

OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS STOP US GOVERNMENT MUST TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION PROPER<br />

EXERCISE OF MORAL POSITION THROUGH EFFECTIVE MECHANISMS STOP US STUDENTS MORE<br />

EFFECTIVE UNITED URGING FREEDOM AND SAFETY OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS THAN ANY PRIOR<br />

STUDENT QUESTION STOP PLEASE REPLY USNSA THE MT AUBURN STREET CAMBRIDGE MASS<br />

BRUCE LARKIN INTERNATIONAL VICE PRESENT<br />

HARALD BAKKEN PRESENT<br />

TO COMMITTEE OF YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF USSR MOSCOW USSR<br />

USNSA REPRESENT ING 710,000 STUDENTS AND 311 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES URGENTLY<br />

AND VEHEMENTLY PROTESTS DEPORATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY BY SOVIET<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

- 105 -

- 5 -<br />

FORCES STOP EARIER REPORTS OF SOVIET OPPRESSION TELL TERRIBLE STORIES STOP<br />

DEPORTATION EVEN MORE SCRRIFYING TO DEGREE ALMOST BEYOND COMPREHENSION! STOP<br />

INSIST YOUR ORGANIZATION TAKE STAND BEFORE WORLD STOP SITUATION CRITICAL STOP<br />

FAILURE TO ACT LEADS INEVITABLY AND JUSTIFIABLY TO COMPLETE ABSENCE OF TRUST AND<br />

CONFIDENCE EITHER IN HUMANITY OF SOVIET STUDENTS OR REPRSENTATIVITY OF YOUR<br />

ORGANIZATION STOP REPLY IMMEDIATELY NATSTUD CAMBRIDGE MASS<br />

HARALD BAKKEN PRESENT<br />

BRUCE LARKIN INTERNATIONAL VICE PRESENT<br />

The following cable was sent to Eastern European national student organization:<br />

US NATIOAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION REPRESENTING 710,000 US STUDENTS IN 311 COLLEGES<br />

AND UNIVERSITIES CALLS ON YOUR ORANIZATION TO EXERT INFLUENCE IN BRINGING TO<br />

HALT THE DEPORTATION OF HUNGARIAN STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY BY SOVIET TROOS STOP ALSO<br />

REQUEST YOU QUESTION IUS STATEMENT REGARDING HUNGARIAN SITUTATION AS BEING<br />

INCOMPLETE HYPOCRITICAL AND POLITICAL STOP FAILURE TO APPLY STATED PRINCIPLES<br />

WOULD SUGGEST TO WORLD STUDENT COMMUNITY THAT YOUR ORGANIZATION NOT REPRESNTATIVE<br />

PRESIDENT BAKKEN<br />

VICE PRESIDENT BAKKEN<br />

USNSA<br />

- 106 -<br />

28 November 1956<br />

V .COMMENTS<br />

U.S. students have shown marked concern about these recent events. Students’<br />

courses in Hungarian universities have been disrupted; many students have chosen<br />

to leave Hungary; the Hungarian Universities themselves were interrupted; Hungarian<br />

students lack material necessities to study (although present reporters are that<br />

distribution of funds in Hungary itself cannot be properly guaranteed <strong>and</strong><br />

administered).<br />

But we wish to emphasize again that other cases of university suppression<br />

<strong>and</strong> restriction of freedom exist <strong>and</strong> will be brought to our attention from time<br />

to time. Perhaps they will not be so dramatic - they probably won’t be. There<br />

won’t be so many newspaper headlines. Students alone may be concerned, not the<br />

immediate fate of an entire country. But when that happens - as it may happen when<br />

apartheid legislation is introduced into the parliament of the Union of South<br />

Africa to segregate the “open” universities - anticipated for January - students<br />

concern should be just as great as it has been in this crisis. Perhaps in other<br />

cases money will not be involved, but rather legitimates <strong>and</strong> reasonable pressure<br />

exerted from a strong moral position .Whatever form it takes, let us be aware<br />

when it happens that the principle we follow is very much like the principle we<br />

have worked from during these last few hectic weeks. The stakes are just as large.<br />

USNSA wishes to thank the national unions <strong>and</strong> member schools which have<br />

sent us their reactions, comment, <strong>and</strong> word of their doings.<br />

We would like to hear from you soon.<br />

rSwfcsuf- rl&if;pmom;rsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefvnf½dkufESdyfazmfjyonf/<br />

Sincerely,<br />

Bruce D. Larkin<br />

International Vice-President

- 107 -

SDjirf;pmtkyfrsm;<br />

(yxrwJG)<br />

(1) OD;zkd;uGef; - wpfjrdKUpDaew½GmpDjcm;ukefjyD<br />

(2) aunDydwf - 1920 ausmif;om;oydwfukd,fawGU<br />

(3) q&m[def - oydwfacgif;aqmifwkdY\t"d|mef<br />

(4) a'gufwmjrifhaqG - &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;<strong>or*¾</strong><br />

yxrqkH;Ouú| ukdxGef;pdef<br />

(5) ukd&m&Spf - 1930 wuúokdvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> þokdYpcJhonf<br />

(6) OD;atmifZHa0 - oydwftoGifeJYtjrif<br />

(7) armifqkyef - trsKd;om;aeY orkdif;a&pD;aMumif;<br />

(8) ukdwifh (ukd,fpm;) ukdxGef;az - pdefayg[kdufpull;oydwf (ul½SifoydwfarSmufausmif;om;)<br />

(9) ndKjr - uGsefawmfi&JacG; aqmif;yg;a&;pOfu<br />

(10) ukdcifarmifav; - &efukefwuúokdvf acsmufjcm;cJhaom xkd (3) &uf<br />

(11) a'gufwmjrifhaqG - rEÅav;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; EkdifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;rI<br />

(12) yD,mñGefY - [kdaeYwkef;u<br />

(13) oydwfcif - tif,m;u vmcJhonf<br />

(14) a½Tjynfpkd; - tkd;olMuD;<br />

(15) vJhvJh0if; - bk&m;aqmif;wef;u oydwfoH<br />

(16) BudKUyifaumufom; - tmabmfESpfrsdK;<br />

(17) o&Jbat; - oydwfukd,fawGU<br />

(18) o&Jbat; - yif;,aqmifokdY xrif;xkyfykdYpOfu<br />

(19) b[def; (ayguf) - ewftkd;uGJ<br />

(20) odef;az - ewftkd;uGJ<br />

(21) odef;azjrifh - wuúokdvfy&0Pfukdausmfí<br />

(22) OD;oGif - trsKd;om;wuúokdvfzGifhyJGtcrf;tem; rdefYcGef;<br />

(23) vlxka':trm - usrqkHcJh&onf 1936 ta&;awmfykH<br />

(24) wkd;wufa&; tkef;jrihf - ESpf (50) qkdwm rMumvkdufyg<br />

(25) wkd;wufa&; tkef;jrifh - ausmif;om;eJY wkdYArm<br />

(26) wif{ (½Srf;jynf) - ½Srf;-ArmaoG;pnf;a&;tp wuou<br />

(27) ukdA[def;rS ukdpdefcdkokdYay;ykdYaom vufa&;rl&if;<br />

(28) udkatmifqef;rS ukdpdefckdokdYay;ykdYaom vufa&;rl&if; (2) apmif<br />

(29) ukdatmifqef;rS ukdjrpdefokdYay;pm - t*Fvdyfvkd (4) apmif<br />

(30) wwd,tMudrf AuouGefz&ifh bdwfMum;olrsm; pmtdwfpm&if;<br />

(31) &J&Jawmuf oef;wif - 1300jynfh ausmif;om;wkdufyGJ<br />

(32) &J&Jawmuf oef;wif - aoG;pnf;Mua[h<br />

(33) ukdodef;atmif (ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif) - usaemfodcJhaom Akdvfatmifausmf<br />

(34) wif;ukyfwifat; - ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rI vGwfvyfa&;tkwfcsyfav;rsm;<br />

- u -

(35) "r®om& - AkdvfatmifausmfeJYtwl qE´jycJhonfhaeYu<br />

(36) armifoefYpif (a';'&J) - ausmif;om;wkdYaoG;ajruscJhpOfu<br />

(37) ausmfñGefYrdk; - Akdvfatmifausmfukd,fwkdifa&;cJhaom pmwpfyk'f<br />

(38) armifxGef;oGif - cGyfa'gif;tvHatmufrSwkdufyGJ0ifcJhol<br />

(39) zsmykHpkd; - atmifausmfpmay<br />

(40) rEÅav;ta&;awmfykH - aejynfawmfvGwfvyfa&;<br />

(41) ocifpdefckd (vufa&;rl) - avmifawmrJhta&;awmfykH&JU c&D;wpfaxmuf<br />

(42) ukdukd - pmrwwfolyaysmufa&;rS NAdwdoQe,fcsJUawmfvSefa&;<br />

(43) ukdukd (vufa&;rl) - aqmif;yg;<br />

(44) atmifqef; - avmu0d[m&<br />

(45) b[def; - qif;&Jom;ypönf;rJhrsm;ESifhausmif;om;rsm;<br />

(46) okyPÖu - "r®ESifht"r®<br />

('kwd,wJG)<br />

(1) ppfukdif;[efwif - pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; (1-2-3)<br />

(2) ppfukdif;[efwiffff - jrefrmEkdifiHawmfrSwfwrf; (1-2-3)<br />

(3) ppfukdif;[efwif - jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;okdY (1-2-3)<br />

(4) &JabmfvSrsdK; - orkdif;0ifpmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;<br />

(5) a'gufwmoef;xGef; - e,fvSnfh&mZ0if (y-'k-w)<br />

(6) a'gufwmoef;xGef; - acwfopf&mZ0if (y-'k-w)<br />

(7) jrefrmhpG,fpkHusrf; - twGJ (1) rS twGJ (15)<br />

(8) jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf; tESpfcsKyfrsm; - 1987 rS 1995<br />

(9) &efukefwuúokdvf a½T&wkpmapmif (ESpf 50) - twGJ (1)<br />

(10) &efukefwuúokdvf a½T&wkpmapmif (ESpf 50) - twGJ (2)<br />

(11) &efukefwuúokdvf ESpf (50) - (1920-70)<br />

(12) &efukefwuúokdvf pdef&wkpmapmif (75 ESpf) - twGJ (1)<br />

(13) rdk;BudK;? Armhacwf? aMu;rHk owif;pmrsm; - 1945-1962<br />

(14) tkd;a0*sme,frsm; - &efukefwuúokdvforkdif; (1920-70)<br />

(15) tkd;a0r*¾Zif; - 1947-48 rS 1960-61<br />

(16) tkd;a0pmapmif a½T&wkobif txl;xkwf<br />

(17) tkd;a0 twGJ (1)? trSwf (5)<br />

(18) tkd;a0 twGJ (1)? trSwf (7)<br />

(19) tkd;a0 twGJ (5)? trSwf (1)<br />

(20) The University Student's Union Magazine Vol: (2) -No: (1)<br />

(21) The University Student's Union Magazine Vol: (4) -No: (1)<br />

(22) The University Student's Union Magazine Vol: (4) -No: (5)<br />

(23) a½Twl*sme,frsm;<br />

(24) rsKd;ñGefYr*¾Zif;rsm;<br />

- c -

(25) Aef;armfwifatmif - jreffrmEkdifiHorkdif;<br />

(26) Aef;armfwifatmif - ukdvkdeDacwf jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;<br />

(27) wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;ordkif; jyKpka&;tzGJU - wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH; orkdif; (y) -<br />

(28) wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;ordkif; jyKpka&;tzGJU - wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH; orkdif; ('k)<br />

(29) OD;av;armif - jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; (y)<br />

(30) OD;av;armif - jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; ('k)<br />

(31) orkdif;jzpf&yfrSef jyKpka&;tzGJU - jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; (y^ 1958-62)<br />

(32) orkdif;jzpf&yfrSef jyKpka&;tzGJU - jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif; ('k^ 1958-62)<br />

(33) &Jabmfaeatmif - e,fcsJUtusOf;om; (y)<br />

(34) &Jabmfaeatmif - e,fcsJUtusOf;om; ('k)<br />

(35) wifxGef;atmif (jrefrmhtvif;) - jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;ESifh ocifbabmif;<br />

(36) OD;atmifodef;[ef (0dZÆm-*kPfxl;) - jrefrmEkdifiHorkdif;opf<br />

(37) AkdvfcsKyfrdefYcGef;rsm;<br />

(38) OD;ykav; - igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf bmvkyfcJhoenf; (y-'k-w)<br />

(39) okawoDjrifhxGef; - AkdvfcsKyftrGdKifokdYc&D;pOf<br />

(40) wuúodkvfae0if; - AkdvfcsKyftrSwfw&<br />

(41) atmifoef; - atmifqef;<br />

(42) atmifoef; - atmifqef;rdom;pk<br />

(43) pkaygif; - AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; tw¬KyÜwåd<br />

(44) tnMw&Jabmf - arhaysmufír&aom atmifqef;<br />

(45) arjrdKUcspfaqG - jynfolcspfaom AkdvfcsKyf<br />

(46) wifpkd; (abm**kPf) - AkdvffcsKyf\ pD;yGm;a&; tjrif<br />

(47) AkdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; - Armhpdefac:oH<br />

(48) jrwfarmf - AkdvfcsKyfatmifffqef; EkdifiHa&;pD;yGm;a&;tjrif<br />

(49) odef;azjrifh - awmfvSefa&;umv EkdifiHa&;tawGYtMuHKrsm;<br />

(50) odef;azjrifh - ta½SUuae0ef;xGufonfhyrm<br />

(51) odef;azjrifh - ausmfjidrf;<br />

(52) odef;azjrifh - oydwfarSmufausmif;om;<br />

(53) vSuGefY - az-yk-½Sdef<br />

(54) vSuGefY - MuHawmuajymaomorkdif;<br />

(55) ocifukd,fawmfrIdif; - bGdKif;aumuf#Dum<br />

(56) vlxka':trm - q&mBuD;ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;<br />

(57) 0d"l&ocifcspfarmif - urÇmhvSnfhocifukd,fawmfrIdif;<br />

(58) armifwifa½T - ocifukd,fawmfrIdif; olYpm? olYb0<br />

(59) wkdufpkd; - trsKd;om;ynm0efOD;zkd;usm;<br />

(60) OD;bOD; (bDat) - trsKd;om;aeYjzpfay:vmykH &mZ0if<br />

(61) OD;zkd;usm; - trsKd;om;aeY&mZ0if tusOf;csKyf<br />

(62) wwd,tBudrf AuouGefz&ifh (ykodrf) - ukdatmifqef;rdefYcGef;<br />

- 8 -

(63) rEÅav;ta&;awmfykHrSwfwrf;<br />

(64) jrbl;aumfrwD\tpD&ifcHpmESifhywfoufí AuorScefYxm;tyfaom wuúokdvfjyifqifa&;aumfrwDrSwfwrf;<br />

(65) ta½SUOa&myArmausmif;om;rsm;aumfrwD - cGyfa'gif;pmapmif (1952)<br />

(66) ppfukdif;[efwif - vkH;0vGwfvyfa&;okdY<br />

(67) ocifcspfarmif - EkdifiHa&;a0zefcsufrsm;<br />

(68) ocifAarmif - 0HomEkta&;awmfykH<br />

(69) wuúokdvfpdefwif - jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wkdufyGJESifh ocifApdef<br />

(70) a½TaoG; - pdefrSefuif;tppf xif;jzpfcJhpOfu<br />

(71) wkdufpkd; - *sLAvDa[mjrifuGif;<br />

(72) ausmfatmif - <strong>or*¾</strong>tvHawmfatmuf0,f<br />

(73) pHatmif - nDñGwfa&;\ta&;awmfykH<br />

(74) aZ,smarmif - puúLjzLjyZmwf (c) ArmhEkdifiHa&;tajcae<br />

(75) udktHhausmf - 1980 ckESpf? r[m0dZÆmbJGU,lpmwrf;<br />

(76) 0if;armifoef; - ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHk<br />

(77) udkpdk;odrf;\ vufESdyfpuf½dkuf udk,fa&;&mZ0if<br />

(78) cGyfa'gif;<strong>pmpOf</strong> (rwuo - 7 &uf? Zlvdkif)<br />

(79) rsKd;cspfjynfolUygvDrefygwD (1^90)<br />

(80) General Aung San - Burma Challenge<br />

(81) Mg Mg - From Sangha to Laity Burmese Nationalist Movement<br />

(1920-1940)<br />

(82) U Nu - Saturday's Son<br />

(83) Dr. Ba Maw - Breakthrough in Burma: Memoirs of a Revolution<br />

(1939-1946)<br />

(84) Dr. Htin Aung - Modern Burmese History<br />

(85) Htin Aung - Stricken Peacock<br />

(86) Maurice Collis - Last <strong>and</strong> Fast in Burma<br />

(87) G.E. Harvey - Modern Burmese History<br />

(88) Hugh Tinker - Burmese Struggle of Indenpendence<br />

(89) Dorthy Wooden - State of Burma<br />

(90) Robert Taylor - Making of Burma<br />

(91) M.A Rashid - Report of Constitution Committee<br />

(92) Aung San Suu Kyi - Freedom From Fear<br />

(93) Rangoon University Students' Union Constitution<br />

(94) New Burma weekly<br />

(95) Burma Gazetties - Vol: (1) to (24)<br />

(96) Report of the Secretariat Incident Enquiry Committee<br />

- C -

SDjirf;aqmif;yg;rsm;<br />

(1) ouf0if; - oxHkrD;yGm;<br />

(2) oHrPd&Jabmfa[mif;wpk - 1946-47 ckESpfqDu wuúodkvfausmif;om;oHrPdwyf<br />

(3) 1953 rS 1962 cktxd pm½Gufpmwrf;? aMujimcsufrsm;<br />

rSDjirf;pmtkyf-aemufqufwJG<br />

1/ jirf; pmapmif- trSwfpOf (7) Zlvdkifv 2001? trSwfpOf (4) ar 2001<br />

2/ a'gif;tdk;a0- (1^3) Mo*kwf 1997? (2^1) Zlvdkif? (1^2) Zlvdkif 1997<br />

3/ atmifapmOD;- vGwfvyfa&;a&T&wk (yxr tBudrf)1998 Zefe0g&D<br />

4/ wuúodkvfae0if; jynfaxmifpkAdokum AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; (yxrtBudrf 1997? arv)<br />

5/ jr[ef AkdvfcskKyfatmifqef;{/fpmayvuf&m (1998? Zefe0g&Dv)<br />

6/ ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;{/f vufa&G;pOfav;csKd;w&m (yxrtBudrf 1973? Zlvdkif)<br />

7/ OD;Ek- ig;ESpf&moDArmjynf (1941-45) (yxrtBudrf 2002)<br />

8/ wuúodkvfESpfig;q,fjynfhpmapmif (1970)<br />

9/ ausmfNidrf;-&JabmfoHk;usdyf yxrtBudrf (1938)<br />

10/ '*kefwm,m zswfceJawGU&aom½kyfykHvTmum;csyfrsm; (yxrtBudrf 1997 'DZifbmv)<br />

11/ trsKd;om;aeYESifhtrsKd;om;ynma&;vIyf&Sm;rIUordkif;tusOf; (a&T&wkobif txl;xkwf (y^tBudrf? 11^1970)<br />

12/ a&eHajrocifbwif 1300 jynfhESpf ta&;awmfykHrSwfwrf;<br />

13/ armifrkef;atmif qJAif;Zlvdkif (odkU) ausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong>{/f tpOftvmudk azsmufzsufNcif; (1^3) Zlvdkif 2005<br />

14/ tusOf;axmifxJrS tmZmenfrsm; (1999 {&m0wD)<br />

15/ ArmjynfuGefNrLepfygwD&JU EkdifiHawmftmPmodrf;ydkufa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; (5.8.89 txl;owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG)<br />

16/ wyfrawmfordkif; (y-twGJ? 1994 azazmf0g&Dv)? (yOörwGJ 1962-1974)<br />

17/ atmifapmOD; (rIdif;&mNynfh) jrefrmEkdifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIorkdif;tusOf; (w-tBudrf 1993 pufwifbm)<br />

18/ &SpfpuúefYNidrf pGefYvTwfol{/f&mZ0if (ar2006)<br />

19/ cspfMunfa&;- twJG (4) Ekd0ifbm 2006<br />

20/ wuúodkvfaumvdyfr*¾Zif; 1939<br />

21/ &efukefwuúodkdvfESpfvnfpmapmif twJG(3) trSwf(5) 1314 ck<br />

22/ vlxka':trm 83 ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwf (y^tBudrf? Ekd0ifbm 29? 1998)<br />

23/ a'gufwmoef;xGef; igajymcsiforQightaMumif; (y^tBudrf? 2001 ar)<br />

24/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,OfwGJaexdkifa&; rl0g'rSonf ppfrSef aomNynfaxmifpkpepfqDodkY<br />

25/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;<strong>or*¾</strong> pdef&wk (wuo) 75 ESpf 2006<br />

26/ tifwmeufpmrsufESm- 'DADowif;Xme? {&m0wDowif;Xme (b0½kyfyHkvTm)? acwfNydKifowif;Xme? jrefrmowif;<br />

qufoG,fa&;enf;ynm (bDtdkifwD)? 0DuDyD'D,m? atatyDyD? ol&d,<br />

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