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psychrophilum isolates. This suggests that as in other gram-negative bacteria, DNA gyrase is an important target for quinolones in F. psychrophilum. Literature Cited Aikawa, H. 1998. Indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the diagnosis of cold-water disease in cultured ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Fish Pathol. 33: 149– 50. Amend, D. F. 1970. Myxobacterial infections of salmonids: prevention and treatment. Pp. 258-265, in: A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shellfishes, S. F. Snieszko, ed. Special Publication No. 5. Amer. Fish. Soc. Bethesda, MD. Amend, D. F. 1972. Efficacy, toxicity, and residues of nifurpirinol in salmonids. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Washington, DC. Technical Paper No. 62: 3–13. Amend, D. F. and J. L. Fryer. 1969. Studies of certain sulfonamide drugs for use in juvenile coho salmon. Prog. Fish-Cult. 31: 202–206. Amend, D. F., J. L. Fryer, and K. S. Pilcher. 1965. Production trials utilizing sulfonamide drugs for the control of “Cold-Water” disease in juvenile coho salmon. Research Briefs. Fish Commission of Oregon. 11: 14–17. Amita, K., A. Hoshino, T. Honma, and H. Wakabayashi. 2000. An investigation on the distribution of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in the Umikawa River. Fish Pathol. 35: 193 –197. Anacker, R. L. and E. J. Ordal. 1959. Studies on the myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris. I. Serological typing. J. Bacteriol. 78: 25–32. Anderson, J.I.W. and D.A. Conroy. 1969. The pathogenic myxobacteria with special reference to fish diseases. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 32: 30-39. Austin, B. 1992. The recovery of Cytophaga psychrophila from two cases of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) fry syndrome in the U.K. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. 12: 207–208. Bader, J. A. and E. B. Shotts. 1998a. Determination of phylogenetic relationships of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Flexibacter psychrophilus), Flavobacterium columnare (Flexibacter columnaris) and Flexibacter maritimus by sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction. J. Aquat. Anim. Hlth. 10: 320–327. Bader, J. A. and E. B. Shotts. 1998b. Identification of Flavobacterium and Flexibacter species by species specific polymerase chain reaction to the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. J. Aquat. Anim. Hlth. 10: 311–319. Baliarda, A., D. Faure, and M. C. Urdaci. 2002. Development and application of a nested PCR to monitor brood stock salmonid ovarian fluid and spleen for detection of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. J. Appl. Microbiol. 92: 510–516. Baudin-Laurencin, F., J. C. Castric, M. Vigneulle, and G. Tixerant. 1989. La myxobactéiose viscérale de la truite arc-en-ciel Salmo gairdneri R: Une forme nouvelle de la maladie de l’eau froide à Cytophaga psychrophila. Bull. Acad. Vét. de France. 62: 147–157.
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Page 1 and 2: Fish Disease Leaflet No. 86 2005 Fl
Page 3 and 4: Hosts and Geographic Range Bacteria
Page 5 and 6: upon further reorganization of the
Page 7 and 8: temperatures of 15-18°C in juvenil
Page 9 and 10: infected, and geographic origins th
Page 11 and 12: that varying degrees of the skeleta
Page 13 and 14: of the body or the head and snout (
Page 15 and 16: of the tubules, and a slight increa
Page 17 and 18: cytotoxic for the rainbow trout kid
Page 19 and 20: indicating the importance of removi
Page 21 and 22: Growth of F. psychrophilum requires
Page 23 and 24: more conventional toxic methods, bu
Page 25 and 26: isolates that they had studied. Ser
Page 27 and 28: vaccinated by injection with an oil
Page 29 and 30: immersion provided much reduced pro
Page 31 and 32: Treatment Although many treatments
Page 33: concentrations from 220 - 440 mg kg
Page 37 and 38: del Cerro, A., M. C. Mendoza, and J
Page 39 and 40: LaFrentz, B. R., S. E. LaPatra, G.
Page 41 and 42: Ninomiya, K. and M. Yamamoto. 2001.
Page 43 and 44: Toranzo, A. E. and J. L. Barja. 199

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