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The Social Cognitive Actor A multi-actor simulation of ... - Cogprints

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Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Umwelt<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Umwelt<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Umwelt<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Umwelt<br />

Commits_to


Preface


Preface


Preface


Preface


Contents


Contents


Contents


Contents


List <strong>of</strong> Figures


List <strong>of</strong> Figures


List <strong>of</strong> Figures


List <strong>of</strong> Tables


CHAPTER 1<br />

Introduction


CHAPTER 1<br />

Introduction


CHAPTER 1<br />

Introduction


CHAPTER 1<br />

Introduction


CHAPTER 1<br />

Introduction


CHAPTER 1<br />

Introduction


Model Simulation Simulated data<br />

Abstraction<br />

Similarity<br />

Target Data gathering Collected data


Model Simulation Simulated data<br />

Abstraction<br />

Similarity<br />

Target Data gathering Collected data


Model Simulation Simulated data<br />

Abstraction<br />

Similarity<br />

Target Data gathering Collected data


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Model <strong>of</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

Task Environment<br />

(<strong>Actor</strong> objects)<br />

(Environment objects)<br />

C2<br />

Multi-Agent <strong>The</strong>ory<br />

C1<br />

Introduction &<br />

Research questions<br />

<strong>Social</strong> constructivism<br />

&<br />

Organizational<br />

Semiotics<br />

Generic individual model<br />

RBot<br />

Generic <strong>multi</strong>-<strong>actor</strong> model<br />

Multi-RBot System (MRS)<br />

Specific <strong>multi</strong>-<strong>actor</strong><br />

model<br />

C6<br />

Demonstrative<br />

experiments<br />

Conclusion &<br />

Discussion<br />

C3 C4<br />

C5<br />

C5<br />

C6 C6<br />

C7<br />

ACT-R


Model <strong>of</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

Task Environment<br />

(<strong>Actor</strong> objects)<br />

(Environment objects)<br />

C2<br />

Multi-Agent <strong>The</strong>ory<br />

C1<br />

Introduction &<br />

Research questions<br />

<strong>Social</strong> constructivism<br />

&<br />

Organizational<br />

Semiotics<br />

Generic individual model<br />

RBot<br />

Generic <strong>multi</strong>-<strong>actor</strong> model<br />

Multi-RBot System (MRS)<br />

Specific <strong>multi</strong>-<strong>actor</strong><br />

model<br />

C6<br />

Demonstrative<br />

experiments<br />

Conclusion &<br />

Discussion<br />

C3 C4<br />

C5<br />

C5<br />

C6 C6<br />

C7<br />

ACT-R


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

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<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


CHAPTER 2<br />

Multi-Agent Systems<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1700<br />

1900<br />

1940<br />

1950<br />

1960<br />

1970<br />

1980<br />

1990<br />

2000<br />

Differential equations<br />

Micro<strong>simulation</strong> Queueing models<br />

System dynamics Discrete Event<br />

Simulation<br />

World dynamics<br />

Stochastic Processes<br />

Workflow BPR<br />

Informatics<br />

Game theory<br />

Cellular Automata<br />

CA models<br />

Artificial<br />

Intelligence (AI)<br />

Distributed AI<br />

Distributed Problem<br />

Solving (DPS)<br />

(<strong>Cognitive</strong>) psychology<br />

<strong>Social</strong> science<br />

Economics<br />

Multi-Agent<br />

Systems (MAS)


Memory<br />

Procedural Memory (PM) Declarative Memory(DM)<br />

Long Term Memory (LTM) Short Term Memory (STM)<br />

Episodic Memory (EM) Semantic Memory (SEM)<br />

Working Memory (WM)<br />

<br />

<br />

Sensory Memory (SM)


→ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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→ <br />

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<br />

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→ <br />

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→ <br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


COMPLETE AGENT<br />

Learning<br />

mechanisms<br />

Sensors<br />

Attention<br />

Perception<br />

Language<br />

understanding<br />

Reflective agency<br />

Deliberative mechanisms<br />

Internal models<br />

Planning<br />

Problem solving<br />

Scheduling<br />

Language composition<br />

Drives<br />

Workspace<br />

Deliberative agency<br />

Reactive agency<br />

Reflexive agency<br />

<br />

Memory<br />

Action<br />

selection<br />

Environment<br />

Actions


Physical environment<br />

Communication environment<br />

<strong>Social</strong> environment<br />

Cognition (agent)


Physical environment<br />

Communication environment<br />

<strong>Social</strong> environment<br />

Cognition (agent)


Incompatibility<br />

Negative<br />

relationships<br />

(conflicts)<br />

Consumable<br />

resources<br />

Conflicts on<br />

resources<br />

Relationships<br />

between<br />

agents<br />

Non-consumable<br />

resources<br />

Positive<br />

relationships<br />

(cooperation)<br />

Request<br />

(explicit)<br />

Non-requested<br />

(implicit)<br />

<strong>The</strong> action equality<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> consequence<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> favour<br />

relationship


Incompatibility<br />

Negative<br />

relationships<br />

(conflicts)<br />

Consumable<br />

resources<br />

Conflicts on<br />

resources<br />

Relationships<br />

between<br />

agents<br />

Non-consumable<br />

resources<br />

Positive<br />

relationships<br />

(cooperation)<br />

Request<br />

(explicit)<br />

Non-requested<br />

(implicit)<br />

<strong>The</strong> action equality<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> consequence<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> favour<br />

relationship


Incompatibility<br />

Negative<br />

relationships<br />

(conflicts)<br />

Consumable<br />

resources<br />

Conflicts on<br />

resources<br />

Relationships<br />

between<br />

agents<br />

Non-consumable<br />

resources<br />

Positive<br />

relationships<br />

(cooperation)<br />

Request<br />

(explicit)<br />

Non-requested<br />

(implicit)<br />

<strong>The</strong> action equality<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> consequence<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> favour<br />

relationship


Incompatibility<br />

Negative<br />

relationships<br />

(conflicts)<br />

Consumable<br />

resources<br />

Conflicts on<br />

resources<br />

Relationships<br />

between<br />

agents<br />

Non-consumable<br />

resources<br />

Positive<br />

relationships<br />

(cooperation)<br />

Request<br />

(explicit)<br />

Non-requested<br />

(implicit)<br />

<strong>The</strong> action equality<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> consequence<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> favour<br />

relationship


Incompatibility<br />

Negative<br />

relationships<br />

(conflicts)<br />

Consumable<br />

resources<br />

Conflicts on<br />

resources<br />

Relationships<br />

between<br />

agents<br />

Non-consumable<br />

resources<br />

Positive<br />

relationships<br />

(cooperation)<br />

Request<br />

(explicit)<br />

Non-requested<br />

(implicit)<br />

<strong>The</strong> action equality<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> consequence<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> favour<br />

relationship


Incompatibility<br />

Negative<br />

relationships<br />

(conflicts)<br />

Consumable<br />

resources<br />

Conflicts on<br />

resources<br />

Relationships<br />

between<br />

agents<br />

Non-consumable<br />

resources<br />

Positive<br />

relationships<br />

(cooperation)<br />

Request<br />

(explicit)<br />

Non-requested<br />

(implicit)<br />

<strong>The</strong> action equality<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> consequence<br />

relationship<br />

<strong>The</strong> favour<br />

relationship


1 2 3


1 2 3


1 2 3


Recipe<br />

attainable<br />

Initial<br />

assumptions<br />

OK<br />

Expected<br />

results<br />

produced<br />

Recipe<br />

valid<br />

Individual Recipe<br />

commitment = OK<br />

Relationships<br />

esablished<br />

Others<br />

commited to<br />

recipe<br />

No new<br />

Intentions<br />

adopted<br />

Join goal Joint Action = OK<br />

Recipe not<br />

violated<br />

Task input<br />

available<br />

Task completed<br />

in time<br />

Goal can be<br />

attained<br />

Relationships<br />

upheld<br />

Normal Achievement<br />

goal = OK<br />

Goal motive<br />

OK<br />

Beliefs for<br />

wanting goal<br />

OK<br />

Goal<br />

unsatisfied<br />

No conflicts<br />

with other<br />

goals


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


Inter-Agent<br />

Communication<br />

Cooperation &<br />

Control Layer<br />

Control<br />

Data<br />

Domain Level System<br />

Cooperation<br />

module<br />

Situation<br />

assesment<br />

module<br />

Communication Manager<br />

CONTROLE MODULE<br />

<br />

Acquaintance<br />

model<br />

Self model<br />

Information<br />

store<br />

Task 1 Task 2<br />

Task n


CHAPTER 3<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 3<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Section 3.4<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs<br />

ACTOR<br />

(intentional + functional level )<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> (and social)<br />

Psychology<br />

Chapter 4<br />

COMMUNITY<br />

(<strong>Social</strong> level)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Section 3.3<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Interaction<br />

(Semiotic level)<br />

<br />

(Organizational) Semiotics<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructivism<br />

Section 3.1 + 3.2


Merk-<br />

Organ<br />

Wirk-<br />

Organ<br />

Innenwelt des<br />

Subjekts<br />

Merkwelt<br />

Wirkwelt<br />

Objekt<br />

<br />

Receptor<br />

Merkmal-Träger<br />

Gegengefüge<br />

Wirkmal-Träger<br />

Effektor


Merk-<br />

Organ<br />

Wirk-<br />

Organ<br />

Innenwelt des<br />

Subjekts<br />

Merkwelt<br />

Wirkwelt<br />

Objekt<br />

<br />

Receptor<br />

Merkmal-Träger<br />

Gegengefüge<br />

Wirkmal-Träger<br />

Effektor


Merk-<br />

Organ<br />

Wirk-<br />

Organ<br />

Innenwelt des<br />

Subjekts<br />

Merkwelt<br />

Wirkwelt<br />

Objekt<br />

<br />

Receptor<br />

Merkmal-Träger<br />

Gegengefüge<br />

Wirkmal-Träger<br />

Effektor


Merk-<br />

Organ<br />

Wirk-<br />

Organ<br />

Innenwelt des<br />

Subjekts<br />

Merkwelt<br />

Wirkwelt<br />

Objekt<br />

<br />

Receptor<br />

Merkmal-Träger<br />

Gegengefüge<br />

Wirkmal-Träger<br />

Effektor


Situation<br />

Context<br />

SOURCE<br />

Formulates<br />

Encodes<br />

Trans-situational<br />

grounds<br />

Situation<br />

Responsive<br />

MESSAGE<br />

<br />

DESTINATION<br />

Interprets<br />

Decodes<br />

CODE Expressive Mediational Directed CODE<br />

Medium / Channel<br />

Relation<br />

Accountable<br />

Referential<br />

Referent<br />

Projected<br />

Future actions<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Context<br />

Situation


Situation<br />

Context<br />

SOURCE<br />

Formulates<br />

Encodes<br />

Trans-situational<br />

grounds<br />

Situation<br />

Responsive<br />

MESSAGE<br />

<br />

DESTINATION<br />

Interprets<br />

Decodes<br />

CODE Expressive Mediational Directed CODE<br />

Medium / Channel<br />

Relation<br />

Accountable<br />

Referential<br />

Referent<br />

Projected<br />

Future actions<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Context<br />

Situation


Situation<br />

Context<br />

SOURCE<br />

Formulates<br />

Encodes<br />

Trans-situational<br />

grounds<br />

Situation<br />

Responsive<br />

MESSAGE<br />

<br />

DESTINATION<br />

Interprets<br />

Decodes<br />

CODE Expressive Mediational Directed CODE<br />

Medium / Channel<br />

Relation<br />

Accountable<br />

Referential<br />

Referent<br />

Projected<br />

Future actions<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Context<br />

Situation


Communication<br />

Transport Protocol<br />

Communication Language<br />

Interaction Protocol<br />

Representation<br />

Ontologies<br />

Knowledge Base<br />

Planning<br />

Modelling<br />

Meta-Knowledge<br />

Reasoning


Communication<br />

Transport Protocol<br />

Communication Language<br />

Interaction Protocol<br />

Representation<br />

Ontologies<br />

Knowledge Base<br />

Planning<br />

Modelling<br />

Meta-Knowledge<br />

Reasoning


Communication<br />

Transport Protocol<br />

Communication Language<br />

Interaction Protocol<br />

Representation<br />

Ontologies<br />

Knowledge Base<br />

Planning<br />

Modelling<br />

Meta-Knowledge<br />

Reasoning


Communication<br />

Transport Protocol<br />

Communication Language<br />

Interaction Protocol<br />

Representation<br />

Ontologies<br />

Knowledge Base<br />

Planning<br />

Modelling<br />

Meta-Knowledge<br />

Reasoning


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


<strong>Social</strong> level<br />

Semiotic level<br />

Individual level<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Constructs


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


Commits_to<br />

ACTOR X<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

construct<br />

Expressed as<br />

Language<br />

action<br />

Content<br />

information<br />

Part_<strong>of</strong><br />

Signs<br />

Commits_to<br />

Influences<br />

ACTOR Y<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong><br />

Architecture<br />

Knowledge<br />

Shared<br />

Personal<br />

Construct<br />

Goals<br />

Exists_in Context / Organization<br />

Exists_in<br />

Umwelt<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Commits_to


<strong>The</strong> Four Meanings <strong>of</strong> “<strong>Social</strong> Construct” (SC)<br />

ACTOR (cognitive / semiotic level )<br />

1. SC = representation<br />

[<strong>Cognitive</strong> architecture]<br />

(cognitive science)<br />

COMMUNITY (<strong>Social</strong> / semiotic level)<br />

communication,<br />

rituals,<br />

learning<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> <strong>Actor</strong><br />

Semiotic level<br />

4. SC = sign in a community<br />

(Organizational semiotics)<br />

2. SC = shared<br />

normative<br />

knowledge<br />

(cognitive stream in organizational semiotics)<br />

3. SC = Authoritative<br />

message,<br />

document,<br />

event


<strong>The</strong> Four Meanings <strong>of</strong> “<strong>Social</strong> Construct” (SC)<br />

ACTOR (cognitive / semiotic level )<br />

1. SC = representation<br />

[<strong>Cognitive</strong> architecture]<br />

(cognitive science)<br />

COMMUNITY (<strong>Social</strong> / semiotic level)<br />

communication,<br />

rituals,<br />

learning<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> <strong>Actor</strong><br />

Semiotic level<br />

4. SC = sign in a community<br />

(Organizational semiotics)<br />

2. SC = shared<br />

normative<br />

knowledge<br />

(cognitive stream in organizational semiotics)<br />

3. SC = Authoritative<br />

message,<br />

document,<br />

event


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


CHAPTER 4<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Cognitive</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>


<strong>The</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

Level 2<br />

Level 1<br />

Sensors Level 0<br />

Actuators


<strong>The</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

Level 2<br />

Level 1<br />

Sensors Level 0<br />

Actuators


Unified<br />

theory <strong>of</strong><br />

cognition<br />

implements<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

chess<br />

Model <strong>of</strong> <strong>Actor</strong><br />

implements<br />

Architecure <strong>of</strong><br />

Cognition<br />

implements<br />

Model <strong>of</strong> the<br />

blocksworld<br />

implements<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

language<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

Planning<br />

implements<br />

Cognition


Unified<br />

theory <strong>of</strong><br />

cognition<br />

implements<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

chess<br />

Model <strong>of</strong> <strong>Actor</strong><br />

implements<br />

Architecure <strong>of</strong><br />

Cognition<br />

implements<br />

Model <strong>of</strong> the<br />

blocksworld<br />

implements<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

language<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

Planning<br />

implements<br />

Cognition


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Chunking mechanism<br />

+<br />

Production Memory<br />

Preferences Objects<br />

Working Memory<br />

Context stack<br />

Decision<br />

Procedure<br />

+/-<br />

+<br />

+<br />

-<br />

Woring-Memory<br />

Manager


Intentional Module<br />

(not identified)<br />

Declarative Module<br />

Goal Buffer Retrieval Buffer<br />

Productions<br />

Matching<br />

Selection<br />

Execution<br />

Visual Buffer Manual Buffer<br />

Visual Module Manual Module<br />

External World<br />

Central<br />

Production<br />

System


Intentional Module<br />

(not identified)<br />

Declarative Module<br />

Goal Buffer Retrieval Buffer<br />

Productions<br />

Matching<br />

Selection<br />

Execution<br />

Visual Buffer Manual Buffer<br />

Visual Module Manual Module<br />

External World<br />

Central<br />

Production<br />

System


Chunk: addition_fact7<br />

ChunkType:addition_fact<br />

Slot_1<br />

Slot_2<br />

Slot_3<br />

Addend1<br />

Addend2<br />

Addend3<br />

3<br />

4<br />

7


= + ∑ + ɛ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

σ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= <br />

<br />

<br />

∑<br />

= −<br />

<br />

<br />

+ β <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

β


= + ∑ + ɛ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

σ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= <br />

<br />

<br />

∑<br />

= −<br />

<br />

<br />

+ β <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

β


Requested Retrieval<br />

W1<br />

Addend1: 3<br />

Addend2: 4<br />

W2<br />

Source 1<br />

3<br />

Source 2<br />

4<br />

S11<br />

S23<br />

S21<br />

S12<br />

S22<br />

S13<br />

Chunk 1<br />

Addend1: 3<br />

Addend2: 2<br />

Sum: 5<br />

Chunk 2<br />

Addend1: 3<br />

Addend2: 4<br />

Sum: 7<br />

Chunk 3<br />

Addend1: 3<br />

Addend2: 7<br />

Sum: 10<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ∑ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ∗ + ∗ = ∗ + ∗ = <br />

= ∗ + ∗ = ∗ + ∗ = <br />

= ∗ + ∗ = ∗ + ∗ =


= − () <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ∗ ( − ) + ∗ <br />

= ∗ ( − ) + ∗ ( − )<br />

= ∗ ( − ) + ∗ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ∑ − <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ∗ (| − | + | − |) <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ( ∗ + ∗ ) − ∗ (| − | + | − |) = − ∗ <br />

= ( ∗ + ∗ ) − ∗ (| − | + | − |) = <br />

= ( ∗ + ∗ ) − ∗ (| − | + | − |) = − ∗


τ <br />

<br />

τ <br />

τ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

=<br />

+ −(−τ) <br />

<br />

τ <br />

= √ σπ σ


= <br />

∑ <br />

= + <br />

<br />

<br />

√ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= + ∗ −


= ∑ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

τ <br />

<br />

= ∗ −τ


→ →


Goal condition<br />

+<br />

Chunk retrieval(s)<br />

Goal stack transformation<br />

+<br />

Other module interaction<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Procedure : Check_vision<br />

Condition<br />

=goal<br />

ChunkType running<br />

Slot_1 status check_vision<br />

=perception (retrieval request)<br />

ChunkType car<br />

Slot_1 distance too_close<br />

Slot_2 driving_side =driving_side<br />

Action<br />

=goal<br />

ChunkType running<br />

Slot_1 status evade<br />

Slot_2 pass_side =driving_side


Check vision<br />

=goal><br />

ChunkType running<br />

status check vision<br />

=perception><br />

ChunkType car<br />

distance too close<br />

driving side =driving side<br />

=⇒<br />

=motor><br />

ChunkType action<br />

pass side =driving side


Check vision<br />

=goal><br />

ChunkType running<br />

status check vision<br />

=perception><br />

ChunkType car<br />

distance too close<br />

driving side =driving side<br />

=⇒<br />

=motor><br />

ChunkType action<br />

pass side =driving side


Check vision<br />

=goal><br />

ChunkType running<br />

status check vision<br />

=perception><br />

ChunkType car<br />

distance too close<br />

driving side =driving side<br />

=⇒<br />

=motor><br />

ChunkType action<br />

pass side =driving side


= <br />

<br />

<br />

∑<br />

<br />

= −<br />

<br />

<br />

+ β


= ∗ − + σ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

σ <br />

σ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ∗


= + <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

=<br />

<br />

=<br />

+ +


=<br />

α + <br />

α + β + + <br />

α <br />

β <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

=<br />

+ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= <br />

+


+<br />

=<br />

+<br />

∑ <br />

<br />

α + β + + <br />

<br />

∑ <br />

<br />

α <br />

β <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

=<br />

<br />

∑<br />

= −


=<br />

<br />

<br />

∑<br />

= −


=<br />

<br />

<br />

∑<br />

= −


Procedural<br />

Memory<br />

Procedures<br />

Condition<br />

Action<br />

New<br />

Procedure<br />

Get<br />

current<br />

goal<br />

Motor<br />

Module<br />

Goal Module<br />

Goal Stack<br />

Top Goal<br />

Current goal<br />

New Goal<br />

ACT-R Engine<br />

Matching<br />

Conflict Resolution<br />

Execution<br />

Production<br />

Compilation<br />

Perception<br />

Module<br />

Pop goal(-)<br />

Push<br />

goal(+)<br />

Modify<br />

goal(=)<br />

Retrieval<br />

Request<br />

Retrieval<br />

Request<br />

<br />

Declarative<br />

Memory<br />

<br />

Popped<br />

goal<br />

Chunks<br />

Add /<br />

Merge<br />

Chunk


(a) Goal and Production Rule Level<br />

Push<br />

G<br />

G’ = r2G – b2<br />

1 2<br />

P1<br />

q3, a3<br />

(b) Conflict Resolution Level<br />

q2, a2<br />

r3, b3<br />

Pop<br />

Push 3 4 5<br />

P2 P3 P4 P5<br />

P3(PG’ - C = 17.95) P4(PG’ - C = 17.80)<br />

Retrieval Failure Time Fe -fτ<br />

Retrieval Failure Time Fe -fA12<br />

(c) Chunk Retrieval Level: Ai = Bi + ΣWjSji - Dip<br />

W8<br />

W4<br />

Eight<br />

Four<br />

a’2<br />

Eight<br />

Four<br />

Twelve<br />

r2, b2<br />

6 7<br />

P6<br />

Goal 4 Addition-fact 12<br />

Goal 5<br />

S8,12<br />

S4,12<br />

B12<br />

P7<br />

Pop<br />

P4 Action<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

′ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

q4, a4<br />

r4, b4<br />

q5, a5<br />

r5, b5<br />

Eight<br />

Four<br />

Twelve


′ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

′ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

′ = + = ∗ − <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

′ <br />


−τ <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

() <br />

<br />

() = ( ′ ) + () + () + ()<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

< () ( ) >=< () ( ) ><br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

() = () = () = () = () = ()<br />

<br />

<br />

() = () = () = () = () = ()<br />

<br />

<br />

( ) = ( ) + ( )


( ′ )


( ′ )


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


− <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

<br />

− <br />

<br />

− µ


CHAPTER 5<br />

RBot: Architecture and Design


CHAPTER 5<br />

RBot: Architecture and Design


CHAPTER 5<br />

RBot: Architecture and Design


CHAPTER 5<br />

RBot: Architecture and Design


Explicit Invocation<br />

is-a is-a<br />

Client-Server Peer-to-Peer<br />

Is-a<br />

Remote Procedure Call<br />

Component Interaction View<br />

alternatives Implicit Invocation<br />

Message Queueing<br />

is-a<br />

Publish-Subscribe<br />

Distributed Communication View


Tier 1: Clients<br />

Client / <strong>Actor</strong> 1<br />

Client / <strong>Actor</strong> ...<br />

Client / <strong>Actor</strong> n<br />

Server<br />

Mixed Tier<br />

Mixed functionality<br />

Task environment<br />

Backend<br />

Server<br />

Tier 3: Backend<br />

Client<br />

Data Presentation


Tier 1: Clients<br />

Client / <strong>Actor</strong> 1<br />

Client / <strong>Actor</strong> ...<br />

Client / <strong>Actor</strong> n<br />

Server<br />

Mixed Tier<br />

Mixed functionality<br />

Task environment<br />

Backend<br />

Server<br />

Tier 3: Backend<br />

Client<br />

Data Presentation


6. get data<br />

View 2<br />

4. notify<br />

7. get data<br />

View 1<br />

3. notify<br />

Model<br />

5. notify<br />

8. get data<br />

1. user input<br />

Controller 1<br />

2. modify data


6. get data<br />

View 2<br />

4. notify<br />

7. get data<br />

View 1<br />

3. notify<br />

Model<br />

5. notify<br />

8. get data<br />

1. user input<br />

Controller 1<br />

2. modify data


Goal list (feeder)<br />

GoalStack<br />

Message MemoryMap<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> engine<br />

Goal handler Declarative MemoryMap<br />

Matching<br />

Conflict resolution<br />

Execution<br />

ACTOR<br />

Physical MemoryMap Peception MemoryMap<br />

External World / Simulation (Task) Environment<br />

Procedural MemoryMap<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Construct MemoryMap


Goal list (feeder)<br />

GoalStack<br />

Message MemoryMap<br />

<strong>Cognitive</strong> engine<br />

Goal handler Declarative MemoryMap<br />

Matching<br />

Conflict resolution<br />

Execution<br />

ACTOR<br />

Physical MemoryMap Peception MemoryMap<br />

External World / Simulation (Task) Environment<br />

Procedural MemoryMap<br />

<strong>Social</strong> Construct MemoryMap


Stack<br />

-List Chunk<br />

MemoryMap<br />

-List Chunk<br />

Buffer<br />

-List Chunk


in<br />

MemoryMap<br />

Buffer<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType X)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType Y)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType Y)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType X)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType X)<br />

Chunks with<br />

chunktype label X<br />

out<br />

Chunks with<br />

chunktype label Y


in<br />

MemoryMap<br />

Buffer<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType X)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType Y)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType Y)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType X)<br />

Chunk<br />

(ChunkType X)<br />

Chunks with<br />

chunktype label X<br />

out<br />

Chunks with<br />

chunktype label Y


MemoryMap<br />

Entrance<br />

Chunk<br />

Link<br />

Chunk


Memory<br />

+List : Memorymap<br />

+Name : string<br />

+ChunkType : ChunkType<br />

1<br />

1..*<br />

Memorymap::Stack<br />

-Chunks : Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-Memory : Memory<br />

1<br />

1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

-has<br />

-has<br />

Memorymap<br />

-List : Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : NormListener<br />

-has<br />

Memorymap::Buffer<br />

-size : int<br />

-Chunks : Chunk<br />

-has<br />

1<br />

«implementation class»Rhythm<br />

+timeElapsed() : RhythmListener<br />

1 0..*<br />

1..*<br />

RhythmListener<br />

ChunkType<br />

-List : Slot<br />

1<br />

1<br />

-defines<br />

MemoryComponent::Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : Slot<br />

-Chunktype : ChunkType<br />

Chunk::ProcedureChunk<br />

-procedureProperties<br />

2<br />

1<br />

-has<br />

1<br />

MemoryComponent<br />

-Name : string<br />

-ActivationValue : double<br />

-PresentationTimes : object<br />

+timeElapsed() : Rhythm<br />

+updateActivation() : void<br />

+calculateActivation() : double<br />

1 *<br />

1..*<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : Chunk<br />

Slot<br />

-Name : string<br />

-Value : object<br />

MemoryComponent::Link


Memory<br />

+List : Memorymap<br />

+Name : string<br />

+ChunkType : ChunkType<br />

1<br />

1..*<br />

Memorymap::Stack<br />

-Chunks : Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-Memory : Memory<br />

1<br />

1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

-has<br />

-has<br />

Memorymap<br />

-List : Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : NormListener<br />

-has<br />

Memorymap::Buffer<br />

-size : int<br />

-Chunks : Chunk<br />

-has<br />

1<br />

«implementation class»Rhythm<br />

+timeElapsed() : RhythmListener<br />

1 0..*<br />

1..*<br />

RhythmListener<br />

ChunkType<br />

-List : Slot<br />

1<br />

1<br />

-defines<br />

MemoryComponent::Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : Slot<br />

-Chunktype : ChunkType<br />

Chunk::ProcedureChunk<br />

-procedureProperties<br />

2<br />

1<br />

-has<br />

1<br />

MemoryComponent<br />

-Name : string<br />

-ActivationValue : double<br />

-PresentationTimes : object<br />

+timeElapsed() : Rhythm<br />

+updateActivation() : void<br />

+calculateActivation() : double<br />

1 *<br />

1..*<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : Chunk<br />

Slot<br />

-Name : string<br />

-Value : object<br />

MemoryComponent::Link


Condition-side<br />

Action-side<br />

Dynamic Slot Name<br />

DEMANDS<br />

D2<br />

D3<br />

DSN<br />

D1<br />

RULES<br />

C2<br />

A1<br />

C1<br />

P1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

P2<br />

A2<br />

RULES<br />

D4<br />

DEMANDS<br />

Dynamic Slot Name<br />

Condition-side<br />

Action-side


Condition-side<br />

Action-side<br />

Dynamic Slot Name<br />

DEMANDS<br />

D2<br />

D3<br />

DSN<br />

D1<br />

RULES<br />

C2<br />

A1<br />

C1<br />

P1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

P2<br />

A2<br />

RULES<br />

D4<br />

DEMANDS<br />

Dynamic Slot Name<br />

Condition-side<br />

Action-side


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


NormListener<br />

Memory::Memorymap<br />

-List : Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : NormListener<br />

-Map : Memorymap<br />

NormCondition<br />

Chunk::<strong>Social</strong> Construct<br />

-List : Norm<br />

Norm<br />

-List : NormCondition<br />

-List : NormAction<br />

+notifyNormOfAddedChunk(in 1 : Memorymap, in 2 : Chunk)<br />

+notifytNormOfDeletedChunk(in 1 : Memorymap, in 2 : Chunk)<br />

+notifytNormOfModifiedChunk(in 1 : Memorymap, in 2 : Chunk)<br />

NormAction<br />

-Map : ProcedureChunk<br />

-DeonticOperator : int<br />

+executeNormAction()<br />

+retractNormAction()


NormListener<br />

Memory::Memorymap<br />

-List : Chunk<br />

-Name : string<br />

-List : NormListener<br />

-Map : Memorymap<br />

NormCondition<br />

Chunk::<strong>Social</strong> Construct<br />

-List : Norm<br />

Norm<br />

-List : NormCondition<br />

-List : NormAction<br />

+notifyNormOfAddedChunk(in 1 : Memorymap, in 2 : Chunk)<br />

+notifytNormOfDeletedChunk(in 1 : Memorymap, in 2 : Chunk)<br />

+notifytNormOfModifiedChunk(in 1 : Memorymap, in 2 : Chunk)<br />

NormAction<br />

-Map : ProcedureChunk<br />

-DeonticOperator : int<br />

+executeNormAction()<br />

+retractNormAction()


No<br />

(P)<br />

GoalFeeder contains goals<br />

(B)<br />

Yes<br />

Current goal<br />

No<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> sleeps and waits for new goals<br />

Select Matching procedures Check condition side procedures<br />

(G)<br />

GoalStack empty?<br />

(A)<br />

Feed goal<br />

Assign Failure<br />

Modify goal<br />

add goal<br />

remove goal (goal solved)<br />

(F)<br />

Drop goal<br />

Assign Succes<br />

(C)<br />

(H)<br />

(D)<br />

Is Match and add<br />

Conflict resolution<br />

Select procedure with highest utility<br />

Retrieval <strong>of</strong> additional chunks necessary?<br />

Transform goalstack<br />

Set <strong>of</strong> potential procedures > 0 ?<br />

No<br />

(J)<br />

Yes<br />

No<br />

(K) (O)<br />

Yes<br />

Chunks retrieved<br />

Execute procedure<br />

Transform MemoryMap<br />

<br />

(E)<br />

GoalFeeder<br />

Set procedures : Memorymap<br />

Set potential procedures : Memorymap<br />

Sorted Set potential procedures : Memorymap<br />

(I)<br />

Retrieve chunks<br />

GoalHandler<br />

(N)<br />

Remove procedure from set<br />

(L)<br />

(M)<br />

Assign Failure<br />

Retrieval failure<br />

Other chunks in other : Memorymap


No<br />

(P)<br />

GoalFeeder contains goals<br />

(B)<br />

Yes<br />

Current goal<br />

No<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> sleeps and waits for new goals<br />

Select Matching procedures Check condition side procedures<br />

(G)<br />

GoalStack empty?<br />

(A)<br />

Feed goal<br />

Assign Failure<br />

Modify goal<br />

add goal<br />

remove goal (goal solved)<br />

(F)<br />

Drop goal<br />

Assign Succes<br />

(C)<br />

(H)<br />

(D)<br />

Is Match and add<br />

Conflict resolution<br />

Select procedure with highest utility<br />

Retrieval <strong>of</strong> additional chunks necessary?<br />

Transform goalstack<br />

Set <strong>of</strong> potential procedures > 0 ?<br />

No<br />

(J)<br />

Yes<br />

No<br />

(K) (O)<br />

Yes<br />

Chunks retrieved<br />

Execute procedure<br />

Transform MemoryMap<br />

<br />

(E)<br />

GoalFeeder<br />

Set procedures : Memorymap<br />

Set potential procedures : Memorymap<br />

Sorted Set potential procedures : Memorymap<br />

(I)<br />

Retrieve chunks<br />

GoalHandler<br />

(N)<br />

Remove procedure from set<br />

(L)<br />

(M)<br />

Assign Failure<br />

Retrieval failure<br />

Other chunks in other : Memorymap


Go to B<br />

push push push<br />

Take a step<br />

B not<br />

reached?<br />

pop<br />

Take a step<br />

B not<br />

reached?<br />

pop<br />

Take a step<br />

B not<br />

reached?<br />

<br />

pop<br />

B reached!<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

pop


Rhythm T := T + 1<br />

Position Handler<br />

Checking change <strong>of</strong> position<br />

No change <strong>of</strong> position<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Position is changed<br />

Send change<br />

Physical<br />

memory map<br />

PerceptionHandler<br />

<br />

Environment


Chunk name: message x ChunkType: Message<br />

Receiver <strong>actor</strong> name<br />

Object socialconstruct | goal | procedure<br />

Objectname name


[ ∅]<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

= ( − ) − + ( − ) − + ( − ) − =


memorymap<br />

<strong>Social</strong> construct<br />

Norm<br />

Condition Action<br />

UTILITY before influence <strong>of</strong><br />

social constructs<br />

P1<br />

P2<br />

UTILITY after influence <strong>of</strong><br />

social constructs


memorymap<br />

<strong>Social</strong> construct<br />

Norm<br />

Condition Action<br />

UTILITY before influence <strong>of</strong><br />

social constructs<br />

P1<br />

P2<br />

UTILITY after influence <strong>of</strong><br />

social constructs


memorymap<br />

<strong>Social</strong> construct<br />

Norm<br />

Condition Action<br />

UTILITY before influence <strong>of</strong><br />

social constructs<br />

P1<br />

P2<br />

UTILITY after influence <strong>of</strong><br />

social constructs


<strong>Actor</strong> (n)<br />

Model 1<br />

Server Database<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (n – 1)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (1)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (n)<br />

Database<br />

Model 2<br />

Server<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (n – 1)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (1)


<strong>Actor</strong> (n)<br />

Model 1<br />

Server Database<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (n – 1)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (1)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (n)<br />

Database<br />

Model 2<br />

Server<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (n – 1)<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> (1)


<strong>Actor</strong> <strong>Actor</strong>Parser Server<br />

connect<br />

XML<br />

return<br />

Connected<br />

XML<br />

Register<br />

ServerParser<br />

Send confirm<br />

Register<br />

ServerRegister<br />

Create Symbol<br />

SymbolAttributeMap Environment<br />

return<br />

Add <strong>actor</strong> Symbol<br />

<br />

<br />

Create drawing<br />

return<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>Draw<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Sim0 Sim1 Sim2 Sim3<br />

e1 e2 e3


∆<br />

∆ <br />

<br />

∆ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Sim0 = 0 Sim1 = ∆T Sim2 = 2∆T<br />

∆T ∆T ∆T<br />

e1<br />

<br />

e2<br />

e3<br />

Sim3 = 3∆T<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

∆ <br />

<br />

∆ ′ <br />

<br />

∆ ′


e2<br />

e1 e2 e3<br />

e3<br />

<br />

Sim0 Sim1 Sim2<br />

∆T ∆T’<br />

e1<br />

e4 e5 e6<br />

e4 e5 e6 e7<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Yes<br />

Server <strong>simulation</strong> clock<br />

No<br />

Launch All <strong>Actor</strong>s<br />

Simulation time := time +1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>(s)<br />

Send timerPrepare<br />

Create timerPrepareMessage<br />

Create Confirm prepareTime<br />

All <strong>actor</strong>s prepared?<br />

Yes<br />

Simulation suspended?<br />

No<br />

Create timer update<br />

All <strong>actor</strong>s timer Updated?<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Send confirm timerPrepare<br />

Send timer Update<br />

Send confirm timer Update<br />

RhythmTime= New time


e2<br />

e1 e2 e3<br />

e3<br />

<br />

Sim0 Sim1 Sim2<br />

∆T ∆T’<br />

e1<br />

e4 e5 e6<br />

e4 e5 e6 e7<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Yes<br />

Server <strong>simulation</strong> clock<br />

No<br />

Launch All <strong>Actor</strong>s<br />

Simulation time := time +1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>(s)<br />

Send timerPrepare<br />

Create timerPrepareMessage<br />

Create Confirm prepareTime<br />

All <strong>actor</strong>s prepared?<br />

Yes<br />

Simulation suspended?<br />

No<br />

Create timer update<br />

All <strong>actor</strong>s timer Updated?<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Send confirm timerPrepare<br />

Send timer Update<br />

Send confirm timer Update<br />

RhythmTime= New time


(performative<br />

: sender <strong>actor</strong> x<br />

: receiver <strong>actor</strong> y<br />

: content (...)<br />

: language XML<br />

: ontology <strong>Social</strong> Construct DTD<br />

)<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


(performative<br />

: sender <strong>actor</strong> x<br />

: receiver <strong>actor</strong> y<br />

: content (...)<br />

: language XML<br />

: ontology <strong>Social</strong> Construct DTD<br />

)<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


Server<br />

Environment<br />

A<br />

Perceivable area<br />

<br />

<br />

B


SyncRythm<br />

Pool Server<br />

Time = T<br />

T = T + 1<br />

Environment<br />

Update <strong>actor</strong>draw<br />

No<br />

Update symbols<br />

Symbols in range?<br />

Out range<br />

Was connected?<br />

Yes<br />

Remove symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>Draw<br />

In range<br />

Already connected?<br />

No<br />

Add symbol<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Symbol change?<br />

Yes<br />

Modify symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Modify chunk in perception<br />

Add chunk to perception<br />

Modify message Remove chunk from perception<br />

Add message<br />

Remove message<br />

Calibrate and rank perceptionbuffer


SyncRythm<br />

Pool Server<br />

Time = T<br />

T = T + 1<br />

Environment<br />

Update <strong>actor</strong>draw<br />

No<br />

Update symbols<br />

Symbols in range?<br />

Out range<br />

Was connected?<br />

Yes<br />

Remove symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>Draw<br />

In range<br />

Already connected?<br />

No<br />

Add symbol<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Symbol change?<br />

Yes<br />

Modify symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Modify chunk in perception<br />

Add chunk to perception<br />

Modify message Remove chunk from perception<br />

Add message<br />

Remove message<br />

Calibrate and rank perceptionbuffer


SyncRythm<br />

Pool Server<br />

Time = T<br />

T = T + 1<br />

Environment<br />

Update <strong>actor</strong>draw<br />

No<br />

Update symbols<br />

Symbols in range?<br />

Out range<br />

Was connected?<br />

Yes<br />

Remove symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>Draw<br />

In range<br />

Already connected?<br />

No<br />

Add symbol<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Symbol change?<br />

Yes<br />

Modify symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Modify chunk in perception<br />

Add chunk to perception<br />

Modify message Remove chunk from perception<br />

Add message<br />

Remove message<br />

Calibrate and rank perceptionbuffer


SyncRythm<br />

Pool Server<br />

Time = T<br />

T = T + 1<br />

Environment<br />

Update <strong>actor</strong>draw<br />

No<br />

Update symbols<br />

Symbols in range?<br />

Out range<br />

Was connected?<br />

Yes<br />

Remove symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>Draw<br />

In range<br />

Already connected?<br />

No<br />

Add symbol<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Symbol change?<br />

Yes<br />

Modify symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Modify chunk in perception<br />

Add chunk to perception<br />

Modify message Remove chunk from perception<br />

Add message<br />

Remove message<br />

Calibrate and rank perceptionbuffer


SyncRythm<br />

Pool Server<br />

Time = T<br />

T = T + 1<br />

Environment<br />

Update <strong>actor</strong>draw<br />

No<br />

Update symbols<br />

Symbols in range?<br />

Out range<br />

Was connected?<br />

Yes<br />

Remove symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong>Draw<br />

In range<br />

Already connected?<br />

No<br />

Add symbol<br />

No<br />

Yes<br />

Symbol change?<br />

Yes<br />

Modify symbol<br />

<strong>Actor</strong><br />

Modify chunk in perception<br />

Add chunk to perception<br />

Modify message Remove chunk from perception<br />

Add message<br />

Remove message<br />

Calibrate and rank perceptionbuffer


CHAPTER 6<br />

Demonstrative experiments with RBot and MRS


CHAPTER 6<br />

Demonstrative experiments with RBot and MRS


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Redefinition<br />

Solutions/<br />

Understanding<br />

Experimentation<br />

Solution Verification<br />

Experimentation Validation<br />

Real World<br />

Data Verification<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

Conceptual model Verification<br />

and Validation<br />

Experiment<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual Modelling<br />

Program<br />

Validation<br />

Conceptual<br />

Model<br />

Computer<br />

Model<br />

Design <strong>of</strong> Experiments<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Model Coding


Solutions/<br />

understanding<br />

Real World<br />

(<strong>multi</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

problem)<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>multi</strong>ple<br />

<strong>actor</strong>s<br />

Solutions/<br />

understanding<br />

Multi-<strong>Actor</strong> Simulation Development Cycle<br />

Single <strong>Actor</strong> Simulation Development Cycle<br />

Real World<br />

(problem)<br />

Experimental<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

single <strong>actor</strong><br />

Multi <strong>actor</strong><br />

model<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> n<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> n-1<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> 1<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

Multi-RBOT<br />

System<br />

RBOT n<br />

RBOT n-1<br />

RBOT 1<br />

RBOT<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory


Solutions/<br />

understanding<br />

Real World<br />

(<strong>multi</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

problem)<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>multi</strong>ple<br />

<strong>actor</strong>s<br />

Solutions/<br />

understanding<br />

Multi-<strong>Actor</strong> Simulation Development Cycle<br />

Single <strong>Actor</strong> Simulation Development Cycle<br />

Real World<br />

(problem)<br />

Experimental<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

single <strong>actor</strong><br />

Multi <strong>actor</strong><br />

model<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> n<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> n-1<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> 1<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

Multi-RBOT<br />

System<br />

RBOT n<br />

RBOT n-1<br />

RBOT 1<br />

RBOT<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory


Solutions/<br />

understanding<br />

Real World<br />

(<strong>multi</strong> <strong>actor</strong><br />

problem)<br />

Experimental<br />

Model<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>multi</strong>ple<br />

<strong>actor</strong>s<br />

Solutions/<br />

understanding<br />

Multi-<strong>Actor</strong> Simulation Development Cycle<br />

Single <strong>Actor</strong> Simulation Development Cycle<br />

Real World<br />

(problem)<br />

Experimental<br />

Model <strong>of</strong><br />

single <strong>actor</strong><br />

Multi <strong>actor</strong><br />

model<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> n<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> n-1<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> 1<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory<br />

Multi-RBOT<br />

System<br />

RBOT n<br />

RBOT n-1<br />

RBOT 1<br />

RBOT<br />

ACT-R<br />

<strong>The</strong>ory


carry<br />

5 1 5 5<br />

7 7 7 7<br />

12 9 3 2<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

> <br />

<br />

< <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

+


−→ <br />

←− <br />

<br />

<br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

←− <br />

⇒ <br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

←− <br />

⇒ <br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

←− <br />

⇒ <br />

−→


←− <br />

<br />

<br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

←−


←− <br />

<br />

<br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

←−


←− <br />

<br />

<br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

←−


←− <br />

<br />

<br />

−→ <br />

<br />

<br />

←−


<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

Left<br />

L,R<br />

L,L<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

=<br />

R,R<br />

R,L<br />

+ <br />

+ + <br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

t = 0<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

Left<br />

1,1<br />

1,1<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

1,1<br />

1,1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

t = 2 t = 3<br />

Left Right<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

t = 1<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

1/2,1<br />

1/2,1/2 1/2,2/3<br />

Left<br />

Left<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

1,1/2<br />

1,1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

2/3,2/3<br />

2/3,1/2


<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

Left<br />

L,R<br />

L,L<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

=<br />

R,R<br />

R,L<br />

+ <br />

+ + <br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

t = 0<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

Left<br />

1,1<br />

1,1<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

1,1<br />

1,1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

t = 2 t = 3<br />

Left Right<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> Y<br />

t = 1<br />

Right<br />

Left<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

1/2,1<br />

1/2,1/2 1/2,2/3<br />

Left<br />

Left<br />

1/2,1/2<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

1,1/2<br />

1,1<br />

<strong>Actor</strong> X<br />

Right<br />

2/3,2/3<br />

2/3,1/2


Start Move End<br />

Check<br />

Vision<br />

Left Evade Right


Start Move End<br />

Check<br />

Vision<br />

Left Evade Right


Start Move End<br />

Check<br />

Vision<br />

Left Evade Right


Start Move End<br />

Check<br />

Vision<br />

Left Evade Right


Start Move End<br />

Check<br />

Vision<br />

Left Evade Right


Start Move End<br />

Check<br />

Vision<br />

Left Evade Right


Perception<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

constructs<br />

Semiotic Umwelt<br />

Affects<br />

Execution<br />

Conflict resolution<br />

Matching<br />

Cogntive engine<br />

Action<br />

Declarative<br />

memory<br />

Procedures<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Goals


Perception<br />

<strong>Social</strong><br />

constructs<br />

Semiotic Umwelt<br />

Affects<br />

Execution<br />

Conflict resolution<br />

Matching<br />

Cogntive engine<br />

Action<br />

Declarative<br />

memory<br />

Procedures<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Goals


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


CHAPTER 7<br />

Discussion and Conclusions


APPENDIX A<br />

Addition Productions ∗<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />


APPENDIX A<br />

Addition Productions ∗<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />



Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Bibliography


Author Index


Author Index


Author Index


Author Index


Author Index


Index


Index


Index


Index


Index


Index


Index


Index


Summary


Summary


Summary


Summary


Summary


Samenvatting


Samenvatting


Samenvatting


Samenvatting


Samenvatting


Samenvatting

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