Earth's Climate: the 1st 4 Billion Years

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Earth’s Surface Radiation Spectrum @ H 2 O Rotation CO 2 “The Greenhouse Effect” Top of Troposphere O 3 H 2 O Vibration CO 2 Adapted from Bigg (1996)
Global Average E Balance Top of Atmosphere: Ein-Ereflected= reflected= E Out in-E 100 - (25 - 5) = 70 100 - 25 - 5 = 70 % Incident solar radiation available 45 + 88 = 133 % Incident rad. avail. at surf. w/ grnhse. gases Direct absorption by land Absorption or re-radiated heat by atmospheric greenhouse gases Adapted from Bigg (1996)
Page 1 and 2: Earth’s Earth s Climate: the 1 st
Page 3 and 4: Climate Controls - Long & Short Tim
Page 5 and 6: The ‘Faint Young Sun Paradox’
Page 7 and 8: Contemporary Solar Variability •
Page 9 and 10: Cross section of Earth = area of ci
Page 11 and 12: Lower Solar Output Compensated by L
Page 13 and 14: Greenhouse Gases absorb IR radiatio
Page 15: Radiation Absorbed by Atmosphere Ku
Page 19 and 20: How much CO 2 Required for T Surfac
Page 21 and 22: 3. Case studies: Neoproterozoic gla
Page 23 and 24: The Biogeochemical carbon Cycle
Page 25 and 26: Carbonate rocks weather faster than
Page 27 and 28: Net Reaction of Rock Weathering + C
Page 29 and 30: Stanley (1999) Carbonate- Silicate
Page 31 and 32: Adapted from Kump et al (1999) Clim
Page 33 and 34: Earth’s Climate History 1. Late P
Page 35 and 36: Late Proterozoic Glaciations: Evide
Page 37 and 38: Geologic Evidence for Glaciers •T
Page 39 and 40: Neo- proterozoic Glacial Deposits F
Page 41 and 42: Determining Paleo-latitude from Rem
Page 43 and 44: How to Explain Glaciers on all Cont
Page 45 and 46: Snowball Earth Hypothesis: Geochemi
Page 47 and 48: Hoffman & Schrag (2000) Deep Freeze
Page 49 and 50: Hoffman & Schrag (2000) Snowball
Page 51 and 52: Evidence for Snowball • Stratigra
Page 53 and 54: Carbon Isotope Fractionation • As
Page 55 and 56: The Return of Banded Iron Formation
Page 57 and 58: Metazoan Explosion: Response to gen
Page 59 and 60: Bring on the Heat: Hothouse follows
Page 61 and 62: The Geochemical Carbon Cycle Image
Page 63 and 64: Geologic Evidence for Hothouse Afte
Page 65 and 66: Glacial Deposit Overlain by Cap Car
Page 67 and 68:
Geologic & Isotopic Change Associat
Page 69 and 70:
How Long Did it Last? • Big open
Page 71 and 72:
Potential Problems with the ‘Snow
Page 73 and 74:
Structures in Cap Carbonates May Re
Page 75 and 76:
Rather than increased weathering fl
Page 77 and 78:
Consortia of sulphate reducers & me
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Earth's Climate: the 1st 4 Billion Years

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