Earth's Climate: the 1st 4 Billion Years

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Simple Planetary Energy Balance • Likely solution to FYSP requires understanding of Earth’s energy balance (& C cycle) • Blackbody: emits radiation w/ 100% efficiency @ all (Multiply by area of sphere) Adapted from Kump et al. (1999)
Cross section of Earth = area of circle with Earth radius Energy Balance (cont’d.) S = solar radiation received at the radius of the planet’s orbit around star (so S is a function of the luminosity of the star and the distance the planet is from the star) A = albedo; the fraction of solar radiation reflected back to space from clouds, ice, deserts, etc. Adapted from Kump et al. (1999)
Page 1 and 2: Earth’s Earth s Climate: the 1 st
Page 3 and 4: Climate Controls - Long & Short Tim
Page 5 and 6: The ‘Faint Young Sun Paradox’
Page 7: Contemporary Solar Variability •
Page 11 and 12: Lower Solar Output Compensated by L
Page 13 and 14: Greenhouse Gases absorb IR radiatio
Page 15 and 16: Radiation Absorbed by Atmosphere Ku
Page 17 and 18: Global Average E Balance Top of Atm
Page 19 and 20: How much CO 2 Required for T Surfac
Page 21 and 22: 3. Case studies: Neoproterozoic gla
Page 23 and 24: The Biogeochemical carbon Cycle
Page 25 and 26: Carbonate rocks weather faster than
Page 27 and 28: Net Reaction of Rock Weathering + C
Page 29 and 30: Stanley (1999) Carbonate- Silicate
Page 31 and 32: Adapted from Kump et al (1999) Clim
Page 33 and 34: Earth’s Climate History 1. Late P
Page 35 and 36: Late Proterozoic Glaciations: Evide
Page 37 and 38: Geologic Evidence for Glaciers •T
Page 39 and 40: Neo- proterozoic Glacial Deposits F
Page 41 and 42: Determining Paleo-latitude from Rem
Page 43 and 44: How to Explain Glaciers on all Cont
Page 45 and 46: Snowball Earth Hypothesis: Geochemi
Page 47 and 48: Hoffman & Schrag (2000) Deep Freeze
Page 49 and 50: Hoffman & Schrag (2000) Snowball
Page 51 and 52: Evidence for Snowball • Stratigra
Page 53 and 54: Carbon Isotope Fractionation • As
Page 55 and 56: The Return of Banded Iron Formation
Page 57 and 58: Metazoan Explosion: Response to gen
Page 59 and 60:
Bring on the Heat: Hothouse follows
Page 61 and 62:
The Geochemical Carbon Cycle Image
Page 63 and 64:
Geologic Evidence for Hothouse Afte
Page 65 and 66:
Glacial Deposit Overlain by Cap Car
Page 67 and 68:
Geologic & Isotopic Change Associat
Page 69 and 70:
How Long Did it Last? • Big open
Page 71 and 72:
Potential Problems with the ‘Snow
Page 73 and 74:
Structures in Cap Carbonates May Re
Page 75 and 76:
Rather than increased weathering fl
Page 77 and 78:
Consortia of sulphate reducers & me
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Earth's Climate: the 1st 4 Billion Years

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