investigating the syntax of postverbal modals in hakka
investigating the syntax of postverbal modals in hakka
investigating the syntax of postverbal modals in hakka
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CASE II: V 0 -Mod 0 mvt > PMg:<br />
The Cantonese Negative dak-Pattern ‘NEG -V-MOD’<br />
The Syntax <strong>of</strong> Postverbal Modals<br />
On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, ano<strong>the</strong>r possibility is attested <strong>in</strong> Cantonese,<br />
illustrated <strong>in</strong> (52). Crucially, <strong>the</strong> V 0 -M 0 mvt applies first, that is <strong>the</strong> verb<br />
rises and attaches to dak, and <strong>the</strong>n follows <strong>the</strong> PM. So <strong>in</strong> this case <strong>the</strong><br />
doma<strong>in</strong> that undergoes PM <strong>in</strong>volves <strong>the</strong> negative marker m and <strong>the</strong><br />
complex ‘V 0 -Mod 0 ’, result<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> second order ‘Neg 0 -V 0 -Mod 0 ’ which<br />
is <strong>the</strong> pattern <strong>in</strong> Cantonese.<br />
(52)<br />
a. ModP b. ModP<br />
m Mod’<br />
DAK<br />
vP<br />
(i) Agree<br />
VP<br />
c. ModP<br />
m Mod’<br />
(iii) PM<br />
Vi-DAK vP<br />
m Mod’<br />
Vi-DAK vP<br />
(ii) V-to-Mod mvt<br />
VP<br />
...ti..<br />
VP<br />
...ti....<br />
103
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