Patterned Exceptions in Phonology - UCLA Department of Linguistics

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Lexical regularities................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1. Regularities within morphemes......................................................................... 1
1.1.1.1. Zimmer’s conundrum................................................................................. 2
1.1.2. Regularities within morphologically complex words ....................................... 5
1.1.3. Regularities across words.................................................................................. 6
1.2. Exceptions to lexical patterns................................................................................... 7
1.2.1. Regularities in a separate system: the Stochastic Constraint Model................. 8
1.3. Preview of the proposal............................................................................................ 9
1.4. Tagalog...................................................................................................................11
1.4.1. Phonology sketch ............................................................................................ 12
1.4.2. Notes on the data ............................................................................................. 14
1.5. Appendix: OT basics.............................................................................................. 15
2. The model as applied to nasal substitution............................................................... 18
2.1. Chapter overview ................................................................................................... 18
2.2. Nasal Substitution .................................................................................................. 19
2.2.1. The phenomenon ............................................................................................. 19
2.2.2. Distribution of exceptions ............................................................................... 22
2.2.3. Productivity of nasal substitution.................................................................... 33
2.3. An experiment........................................................................................................ 36
2.3.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 36
2.3.2. Task I: productivity ......................................................................................... 36
2.3.2.1. Results of Task I....................................................................................... 39
2.3.3. Task II: acceptability....................................................................................... 42
2.3.3.1. Results of Task II ..................................................................................... 42
2.4. The grammar .......................................................................................................... 45
2.4.1. Desiderata for an analysis ............................................................................... 45
2.4.2. Paradigm Uniformity....................................................................................... 45
2.4.3. Input-Output Correspondence ......................................................................... 46
2.4.4. Listedness ........................................................................................................ 49
2.4.5. Constraints specific to nasal substitution ........................................................ 53
2.4.6. Summary of constraints................................................................................... 61
2.4.7. Stochastic constraint ranking .......................................................................... 64
2.5. Representations: encoding exceptionality.............................................................. 67
2.5.1. Substitution diacritics...................................................................................... 68
2.5.2. Underspecification .......................................................................................... 69
2.5.3. Allomorph listing ............................................................................................ 71
2.6. The Learner ............................................................................................................ 72
2.7. The Speaker............................................................................................................ 78
2.7.1. Probability of a candidate’s being optimal...................................................... 78
2.7.2. Generating a listed form.................................................................................. 80
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