A Phonetically-Based Optimality Theoretic Account of Consonant ...

ehind the lips if the labial closure is formed after the non-labial closure (i.e.,
[kp] or [tp]), all else being equal, the design of the present experiment will yield
a NP Po pattern due to co-articulation of the front-back flanking vowels. It is
thus not surprising that this pattern is attested only for the labial-C1 clusters,
since, based on perception, we do not expect to find evidence of word-initial
reduction.
To summarize, the results in Table 3 are interpreted based on the following criteria:
1. C1 is interpreted as unreduced in P.C2 if either positive-then-zero (PZ: no
overlap of Pk, Fig.9) or positive-then-negative (PN: overlap of P.C2, Figs.
Sa,b) Po patterns were detected during the CC duration. C1 is interpreted as
reduced in P.C2 (Fig. 10) if no change in Po (AZ) was detected.
11. For Pt sequences, no conclusion is drawn regarding the degree of gestural
overlap from an absence of negative pressure, assuming, according to lun
(1995), that rarefaction will not necessarily be detectable in overlapped,
unreduced iP. tu sequences.
iii. C1 reduction is interpretable in Q1& only when C1.p was highly overlapped,
and a non-zero Po was detected throughout the duration of C1.p. In such case,
an all-positive (AP) Po pattern is interpreted as indicating gestural reduction in
C1 (Fig. 7), while a negative-then-positive (NP) Po is interpreted as no
reduction in C1 (Fig. 12); the latter pattern never arose in the oral Q1& clusters.
Summary of reduction in C1 and gestural overlap in CC
The numbers indicated in Tables 4a and 4b are derived from the results summarized
in Table 3. The denominators in each cell indicate the total number of unambiguous
repetitions from the experiment; the maximum number is 36 in each case (6 speakers x 6
repeti tions for each token). The sum of the denominator (counted once for each token) and
33