2011Bibliography Part V Miscellaneous Evidence - Mercyhurst ...

An FBI Evidence Response Team Member uses lasers and measuring devices to record the three dimensional positions of bullet holes.
Firearms, Projectiles, and Tool Mark Evidence
The proliferation of firearms throughout the United States appears to correspond with their relationship to a high
number of homicides committed with guns. References in this section address the three primary topics of forensic firearms
and ammunition analysis: Internal or Initial Ballistics, External or Transitional Ballistics, and Terminal or Wound Ballistics.
Of those topics, those concerning wounds are contained in, or cross referenced to the subsection of trauma within this
bibliography's Taphonomy section. The effects of gunshot residues on materials near discharged weapons may impact trace
evidence such as hairs and fibers, as well as substrates such as the human skin of both the victim and suspect. It is not only
firearms which are addressed, however; the science of ballistics also affects projectiles of any description.
Because the examination of bullets and cartridges is a primary area of tool mark examination, this section also
includes that on "General Toolmark Evidence". Beyond ammunition, tool mark examinations include impressions left by
cutting or prying tools used in burglaries or forced entries. They also comprise a major component of Geotaphonomy in the
form of toolmarks left by digging implements in the walls of pits used to conceal buried evidence, or the backdirt of same
(Hochrein [1997]). Fingers, teeth, and feet are, technically, tools which can also leave impressions or marks on victims or
other substrates at a crime scene. For this reason, the reader is directed to the categories of Trace and Impression Evidence,
and "Bitemark Evidence" in Taphonomy, citations which discuss such marks.
Firearms and Ballistic Evidence
(1341 citations)
This section is divided into the following categories:
Firearms and Ballistics Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155
General Toolmark Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
Abraham, J.T., G.H. Kamila, G. Raj Kumar, and C.N. Bhattacharaya
2005 Air Guns Altered to Fire Rimfire Cartridges. Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners Journal, 37(2):150-152.
brink, , C. Andersson, and A.C. Maehly
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