2011Bibliography Part V Miscellaneous Evidence - Mercyhurst ...

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Blood and Body Fluids Evidence
Documentation of a witness’s hands during the investigation of an equivocal death.
From an archaeological perspective, numerous resources regarding the retrieval of blood and other types of
trace evidence from historic and prehistoric contexts are included in this category. The compiler wishes to reinforce that
evidence exposed to the elements, or deposited years prior to discovery may retain significant information capable of
impacting the interpretation of a crime scene. Both here and in the sections of DNA Evidence and Stable Isotope Analyses,
several citations may be found which should demonstrate for the crime scene investigator that assumptions should never be
made that blood and body fluid evidence is completely obliterated from older scenes. Loy and Wood, (1989), is an early
example of how blood evidence remained viable over thousands of years. That approximately 9000 year old evidence from
Cayonu Tepesi in Turkey was initially realized using one of the most basic presumptive test for blood in most crime scene
technicians' tool boxes - Hemastix. Again, the section on DNA Evidence contains numerous citations expounding on work
such as Loy and Wood. Analyses of prehistoric trace evidence is now common in archaeological and forensic literature.
A large part of this section deals with the reconstruction of violent crime scenes based on the shape, size,
and position of blood spatter, or blood stain, evidence. Primarily considered at indoor crime scenes, the same type of
reconstruction could apply to outdoor scenes but becomes more difficult given the effects of weather, and substrate
movement. Works such as those of MacDonnell, (1997); Bevel and Gardner, (2001); and James, Kish, and Sutton, (2003),
have served to expose criminal investigators to the stories represented in patterns of what would appear to most of us as
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