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Typification and a revised basionym for Fuscidea lygaea, and a
new name for Amandinea lecideina
ALAN M. FRYDAY and LINDA IN ARCADIA
Fryday, A. M. & Arcadia, L. in 2012: Typification and a revised basionym for Fuscidea
lygaea, and a new name for Amandinea lecideina. Graphis Scripta 24: 40–44. Stockholm
ISSN 0901-7593.
The name usually presumed to be the basionym of Fuscidea lygaea is shown to be
illegitimate, but the name Fuscidea lygaea can be retained with revised authorship. A
lectotype is chosen for Biatora lygaea. Lecidea pelidna is shown to be an earlier name for
Amandinea lecideina and the combination Amandinea pelidna (Ach.) Fryday & L.
Arcadia is made.
Alan Fryday, Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI 48824–1312, USA. E-mail: fryday@msu.edu
Linda in Arcadia, Kastri, 22013 Arkadias, Greece. E-mail: linda_in_arcadia@cantab.net
The basionym of the well established name
Fuscidea lygaea “(Ach)” V. Wirth & Vězda is
usually considered to be Lecidea lygaea Ach.
However, when Acharius introduced the name
Lecidea lygaea (Acharius 1814: 34) he
included three additional names at the rank of
forma. One of these, Lecidea lygaea f. pelidna
(Ach.) Ach., is based on Lecidea pelidna Ach.
(Acharius 1810: 158), which is a legitimate
name. By indirectly including L. pelidna within
the circumscription of L. lygaea, Acharius
made the latter name superfluous and thus
illegitimate. However, Lecidea lygaea Ach. is
validly published, and the original Acharian
specimen of ‘Lecidea lygaea’ may be taken as
its type (ICBN Art. 7.5). Lecidea lygaea was
legitimately transferred to Biatora by W. Mann
(Mann 1825: 48), who cited “Lecidea lygaea
Ach. Syn.” but did not refer in any way to
Lecidea pelidna and, therefore, the name is
available from 1825 with Biatora lygaea W.
Mann as the basionym (ICBN Art. 58).
Consequently, Fuscidea lygaea can be retained
as the correct name of the species, but with an
emended author citation.
The epithet lygaea does not appear to have
been previously typified and so we here
designate as the lectotype of Biatora lygaea the
specimen 210 D in H-ACH (Fig. 1), which was
annotated Lecidea lygaea by Acharius. Its
morphology was examined by M. Inoue in
1978, and its chemistry by tlc by Pentecost in
1984 and Tønsberg in 1987, both of whom
found it to contain no lichen substances.
Fuscidea lygaea (W.Mann) V.Wirth &
Vězda
Biatora lygaea W.Mann, Lich. Bohem. Observ.
Dispos.: 48 (1825). – Lecidea lygaea f. lygaea
Ach. Synops. method. lich.: 34 (1814), nom.
illegit. – Type: Helvetica (H-ACH 210D,
lectotype, designated here).
The only name of which we are aware that
might threaten Biatora lygaea as the earliest

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 24 (2012) Fuscidea lygaea and Amandinea lecideina 41
Figure. 1. Lectotype of Biatora lygaea W. Mann.
name for F. lygaea is L. pantosticta Ach.
(Acharius 1808: 230), which Zahlbruckner
(1925: 796) included in the synonymy of L.
lygaea. However, a specimen of L. pantosticta
in UPS-ACH has a bright blue epihymenium
and is clearly not a species of Fuscidea. It may
belong to the Lecanora marginata group or to
Miriquidica.
The identity of Lecidea pelidna has been
misunderstood. Zahlbruckner (1925: 790)
included it as a forma of Lecidea leucophaea
(syn. Miriquidica leucophaea), whereas Index
Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org)
includes it as a synonym of Scoliciosporum
umbrinum. A specimen in BM-ACH was
annotated by B. Coppins in 1981 as Buellia
punctata aggr. although, as this specimen is on
rock, it is more probably referable to
Amandinea lecideina (H. Mayrhofer & Poelt)
Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer. However, the
collection in BM is closely linked to the
publication of ‘Methodus Lichenum’ (Acharius
1803) and L. pelidna was first published in
Lichenographia Universalis (Acharius 1810),

42 Alan M. Fryday & Linda in Arcadia GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 24 (2012)
in which Acharius cites only one collection of
L. pelidna (Mosig, Lusatia). The collection in
BM bears no annotation that definitely links it
with Mosig, whereas the one in H-ACH does,
and so the latter must be considered the type
specimen. This specimen is part of H-ACH
211, which consists of three small pieces of
rock (Fig. 2), with symbols indicating that the
lower specimen represents Lecidea lygaea var.
insolata and apparently indicating (at first
glance) that the two upper specimens represent
Lecidea lygaea var. pelidna. However, these
two upper specimens represent two distinct
species. The one on the left (H-ACH 211 A)
has brown, 1-septate ascospores with a wall
thickening near the septum and pycnidia with
filiform conidia 15–18 µm long; it is clearly
referable to the taxon currently known as
Amandinea lecideina. The specimen on the
right (H-ACH 211 B) has septate acicular
ascospores that are spirally arranged in the
ascus and is referable to Scoliciosporum
umbrinum.
Beneath the two upper specimens is written
in ink “Lusatia” and in pencil “Mosig 70-2”
under H-ACH 211 A and “29-2” under H-ACH
211 B. The ink annotation indicates that both
specimens are from Lusatia, but the symbol
indicating that the two upper specimens are var.
pelidna is closer to H-ACH 211 A, which
suggests that Acharius considered only this
specimen to represent that taxon. This would
appear to be confirmed by the pencil
annotations (also by Acharius), which indicate
that only the left hand specimen (H-ACH 211
A) is L. pelidna, the right-hand specimen (H-
ACH 211 B) being referred (correctly) to L.
umbrina. Although the pencil annotations were
added after L. pelidna was described in
Lichenographia Universalis (Acharius 1810),
because this sheet is for L. lygaea, which was
not described until 1814, we consider that the
evidence overall is sufficient to demonstrate
that only the left hand specimen should be
considered as L. pelidna and that it is,
therefore, the holotype of that name. Lecidea
pelidna is thus an earlier name for the species
currently known as Amandinea lecideina.
Although the name Amandinea lecideina is
fairly well established, it is known to be
threatened by at least two earlier names, Buellia
litoralis Zahlbr. from New Zealand (Mayrhofer
1983: 273, Galloway 2007: 25) and Buellia
prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle (Bungartz et al. 2007).
Indeed, Bungartz et al. (2007) included A.
lecideina in the synonymy of B. prospersa.
Because A. lecideina is a widespread and fairly
common species, it seems likely that other old
names in Buellia, Rinodina, or Lecidea that
have not been investigated in modern times
may also threaten A. lecideina. Restoring the
epithet “pelidna” increases the nomenclatural
stability of the taxon because this epithet
predates not only the names that are known to
threaten A. lecideina, but almost all potential
threats as well. We consider it preferable to
make a single change now, rather than have a
series of changes (or have to make a series of
conservation proposals) in the future.
The taxonomy of the species traditionally
placed in a very broadly defined genus Buellia
is in disarray (Bungartz et al. 2007), with
Amandinea, in particular, being a disparate
group of species formally included in either
Buellia or Rinodina and united by the single
character of having filiform conidia.
Amandinea lecideina is almost certainly not
congeneric with A. coniops, the type species of
Amandinea, and Bungartz et al. (2007)
preferred to retain the species in Buellia (as B.
prospersa), although it does not seem closely
related to B. disciformis, the type species of
that genus, either. For the present, we prefer
simply to follow current European practice and
combine Acharius' name into Amandinea.
Amandinea pelidna (Ach.) Fryday & L.
Arcadia
MycoBank No.: MB 800942.

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 24 (2012) Fuscidea lygaea and Amandinea lecideina 43
Figure 2. Holotype of Lecidea pelidna Ach.
Lecidea pelidna Ach., Lichenographia
Universalis: 158 (1810). – Type: Lusatia,
Mosig (H-ACH 211A, holotype; BM-ACH 49,
possible isotype).
Rinodina lecideina H.Mayrhofer & Poelt,
Bibliotheca Lichenol. 12: 112 (1979). –
Amandinea lecideina (H.Mayrhofer & Poelt)
Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer, Lichenologist 25: 342
(1993).
Lecidea prospersa Nyl., Flora 63: 127
(1880). – Buellia prospersa (Nyl.) Riddle,
Brookl. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 114 (1918).
Buellia litoralis Zahlbr., Denkschr. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, mat.-nat. Kl. 104: 375 (1941).
The specimen in BM-ACH appears to be from
the same rock as the holotype. We refer to it as
a "possible isotype", rather than an isotype, as
we have been unable to find evidence that
definitely links it to the protologue of L.
pelidna.
Acknowledgements
We thank Holger Thüs (BM), Leena Myllys
(H), and Anders Nordin (UPS) for providing
images of the specimens from Acharius’
herbarium in their care. We also thank the
Botanical Museum, Helsinki for the loan of a
specimen from the valuable Acharius
herbarium and for permission to publish the

44 Alan M. Fryday & Linda in Arcadia GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 24 (2012)
images in Figs 1 & 2. Teuvo Ahti (H), Brian
Coppins (E), Per M. Jørgensen (BG), Helmut
Mayrhofer (GZU), and John Sheard (SASK)
are also thanked for helpful discussions and
nomenclatural advice.
References
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