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Developing cultural responsiveness in the delivery of services to ...

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Acts Perpetrated by <strong>the</strong><br />

Persecu<strong>to</strong>ry Regime<br />

Violence<br />

Kill<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

Assaults<br />

‘Disappearances’<br />

Death<br />

Separation<br />

Isolation<br />

Prohibition <strong>of</strong> traditional<br />

practices<br />

Deprivation <strong>of</strong> human<br />

rights<br />

Kill<strong>in</strong>g on mass scale<br />

Exposure <strong>to</strong> boundless<br />

human brutality<br />

Invasion <strong>of</strong> personal<br />

boundaries<br />

Impossible choices<br />

Causes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Trauma Reaction, its Core Components and Recovery Goals<br />

Social & Psychological<br />

Experiences which lead<br />

<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Trauma Reaction<br />

Chronic Fear<br />

Chronic Alarm<br />

Inescapability<br />

Unpredictability<br />

Disruption <strong>of</strong> connections<br />

<strong>to</strong> family, friends,<br />

community, and <strong>cultural</strong><br />

beliefs<br />

Destruction <strong>of</strong> central<br />

values <strong>of</strong> human<br />

existence<br />

Humiliation<br />

and<br />

Degradation<br />

11<br />

Core Components <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Trauma Reaction<br />

Anxiety<br />

Feel<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong><br />

helplessness<br />

Loss <strong>of</strong> control<br />

Relationships changed<br />

Grief<br />

Depression<br />

Shatter<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> previously<br />

held assumptions:<br />

Loss <strong>of</strong> trust<br />

Mean<strong>in</strong>g, identity &<br />

future<br />

Guilt<br />

Shame<br />

The Recovery Goals<br />

Res<strong>to</strong>re safety<br />

Enhance control<br />

Reduce fear and<br />

anxiety<br />

Res<strong>to</strong>re attachment<br />

and connections <strong>to</strong><br />

o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

Offer emotional support<br />

and care<br />

Res<strong>to</strong>re mean<strong>in</strong>g and<br />

purpose <strong>to</strong> life<br />

Res<strong>to</strong>re dignity and<br />

value<br />

Reduce excessive<br />

shame and guilt

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