See summary of dissertation in English - Baltijos regiono istorijos ir ...

ing approach in historiography, according to which corvée was used to
a far lesser extent in large landownership on the territory of the GDL.
Apart from labour rent (corvée), rent in cash and rent in kind were
equally important in private estates, which fully corresponded with the
dominant tendencies of rent forms in Central Europe at that time.
Apart from corvée peasants referred to as tiaglai, the number of peasants,
referred to as duoklininkai, who were imposed both cash and
labour rent, was slightly lower. Due to the absence of the fully established
and settled rent, their situation could be considered as intermediary
between duoklinininkai (payers of rent in kind) and činšininkai
(payers of rent in cash).
The free peasants included into the composition of the manorial
familia, the circle of tiaglai or duoklininkai, as opposed to, for instance,
certain Polish regions, did not make up a separate personnel
group in Samogitia in the second half of the 16 th century. However, as
in other regions of Central Europe, the social structure of the manor
used to be supplemented by the hired labour force at their expense.
5. The following key segments of economic structure of
Samogitian private manors were distinguished by means of source
analysis: crop production, stock-raising, fishery, beekeeping, forestuse,
processing and crafts.
Crop cultivation has been highlighted in the study of manor production
for a long time. Other structures of agriculture have only been
addressed as a marginal phenomenon in the research. The 16 th century
European economy witnessed remarkable changes, which determined
their positions in the European and even global economic domain. The
reason of this growth was the demand for agricultural products in the
international market. Crop products were among the most marketable
goods.
The system of land cultivation was the primary factor of success of
this type of farming. Even though it is believed that a three-field system
was no longer a rare phenomenon in the GDL at that time, the division of
land into wallacks attempted to accelerate its use. Comparatively scarce
data show that the use of three-field system was not a universal rule in
44