Joint Service Chemical & Biological Defense Program Overview ...

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Medical Pretreatments 48 Chemical Warfare (CW) Agent Pretreatments Lead Service Contractors: Battelle Memorial Institute COLUMBUS, OH McKesson Bioservices ROCKVILLE, MD • The human butyrylcholinesterase enzyme has been mutated to spontaneously reactivate after its inhibition by nerve agents, thereby catalyzing the hydrolysis of nerve agents. • This type of research employs the latest techniques in biotechnology, including enzymes tailored by sitedirected mutagenesis. • Skin Exposure Reduction Paste against Chemical Warfare Agents (SERPACWA) – CW agent skin pretreatment
Program Description: The medical chemical defense research efforts emphasize preventing chemical injuries by using pretreatments. Efforts are under way to design compounds that will “scavenge” and detoxify CW agents such as nerve agents or cyanide, and destroy the agent or physically remove it from the body. There is a similar effort to develop catalytically based protection for skin using a reactive compound mixed with a topically applied CW agent barrier cream. Compounds or methods that show therapeutic promise are evaluated to guarantee their safety, efficacy, and compatibility with established therapies and with other militarily relevant chemicals. Each drug that is a candidate CW agent pretreatment, treatment, protectant, or decontaminant is subjected to a battery of tests to transition to advanced development those that are the safest and most effective. Tests include behavioral studies that investigate whether these compounds interfere with the performance of military personnel. FY00 Accomplishments: • Identified best candidates of genetically engineered scavengers as next generation pretreatments for nerve agents. Developed in vivo transgenic animal models for use as test beds for evaluating scavengers. Expanded the evaluation of human protein catalytic scavengers to include enzymes and human butyrylcholinesterase. Initiated development of an animal model capable of producing large quantities of recombinant enzyme scavenger. • Developed and validated six evaluation models needed in the active topical skin protectant (aTSP) decision tree network (DTN) including the M8 paper test, penetration cell test, proof of decon test, weanling pig test, rabbit lesion area ratio test, and the rabbit acetylcholinesterase inhibition test. Identified 78 candidate reactive ingedients. Prepared over 200 candidate formulations for aTSP DTN evaluation. Began Phase 0 safety and efficacy studies for an active topical skin protectant. • Identified a novel compound that alters the structure of the stratum corneum to increase skin resistance to penetration by chemicals. FY01 Objectives: • Test best candidates of genetically engineered scavengers using advanced test systems, e.g., transgenic or knockout species. • Demonstrate the efficacy of aTSP candidate formulations using two animal species. Complete aTSP formulation studies and demonstrate efficacy against estimated battlefield levels of CW agents. FY02 Objectives: • Select best bioscavenger candidate(s) for nerve agents based on comparison of performance in DTN and other differentiating studies and prepare Milestone I transition package. Set up non-human primate (NHP) animal models to evaluate different scavengers for safety and efficacy with guidance from scientific steering committee. Examine human protein scavengers for autoimmune issues. • Select the best candidate(s) for transfer to advanced development. Schedule: CW Agent Pretreatment Efforts FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 Skin Exposure Reduction Paste against Chemical Warfare Agents (SERPACWA) Nerve agent scavenger pretreatment/therapy Active Topical Skin Protectant 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 0 III 0 I I Medical Pretreatments 49
Page 2 and 3: Preface In 1993, Congress passed Pu
Page 4 and 5: Global Threat 2 A Dangerous World
Page 6 and 7: Support to Joint Vision 2020 4 Domi
Page 8 and 9: Integrated Approach to Counter the
Page 10 and 11: ACADA 8 Automatic Chemical Agent De
Page 12 and 13: Artemis 10 Artemis formerly Joint S
Page 14 and 15: BIDS 12 Biological Integrated Detec
Page 16 and 17: ICAM 14 Improved Chemical Agent Mon
Page 18 and 19: JBPDS 16 Joint Biological Point Det
Page 20 and 21: JCAD 18 Joint Chemical Agent Detect
Page 22 and 23: JSLNBCRS 20 Joint Service Lightweig
Page 24 and 25: JSLSCAD 22 Joint Service Lightweigh
Page 26 and 27: JWARN 24 Joint Warning and Reportin
Page 28 and 29: NBCRS Modifications 26 NBC Reconnai
Page 30 and 31: CBPS 28 Chemical Biological Protect
Page 32 and 33: CP DEPMEDS 30 Chemically Protected
Page 34 and 35: CPS Backfit/SCPE 32 Collective Prot
Page 36 and 37: JPACE/JSAM 34 Joint Protective Airc
Page 38 and 39: JSGPM 36 Joint Service General Purp
Page 40 and 41: JSLIST/JSLIST P3I 38 Joint Service
Page 42 and 43: JTCOPS 40 Joint Transportable Colle
Page 44 and 45: JBAIDS 42 Joint Biological Agent Id
Page 46 and 47: Medical Vaccines 44 Medical Biologi
Page 48 and 49: Medical CB Products 46 Medical CW/B
Page 52 and 53: Medical CB Therapeutics and Diagnos
Page 54 and 55: JSFXD 52 Joint Service Fixed Site D
Page 56 and 57: JSSED 54 Joint Service Sensitive Eq
Page 58 and 59: MDS 56 Modular Decontamination Syst
Page 60 and 61: Sorbent 58 Sorbent Decontamination
Page 62 and 63: Modeling and Simulation 60 Modeling
Page 64 and 65: Science & Technology 62 Lead Servic
Page 66 and 67: ACTDs 64 What is an ACTD? Advanced
Page 68 and 69: Joint Service CB Defense Doctrine a
Page 70 and 71: Joint Management Structure 68 The N
Page 72 and 73: JSIG/JSMG Management 70 Joint Servi
Page 74 and 75: Army CBD Proponent Structure 72 Arm
Page 76 and 77: Navy CBD Proponent Structure 74 Nav
Page 78 and 79: Funding 76 FY01 CBDP Funding Distri
Page 80 and 81: Acronyms 78 AA Abbreviate Analysis
Page 82 and 83: Points of Contact 80 Office of the
Page 84 and 85: Points of Contact 82 Joint Service
Page 86 and 87: Points of Contact 84 Joint Science
Page 88: Requests for this document should b

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