Mountain Lion and Bear Conservation Strategies Report, AGFD, Jan ...

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WILDLIFE PREDATION STRATEGIES 55 MOUNTAIN LION 55 BLACK BEAR 59 Summary 59 Management Strategies 60 LIVESTOCK DEPREDATION STRATEGIES 61 MOUNTAIN LION 61 Reducing Depredation on Livestock By Mountain Lions and/or Shift Depredation Harvest Into Hunter Harvest 66 BLACK BEAR 67 Summary 68 Management Strategies 69 SUPPORTING INFORMATION 70 GENETICS 70 DATA MANAGEMENT NEEDS 71 GEOSPATIAL PLANNING 72 RESEARCH NEEDS 72 LITERATURE CITED 74 Mountain Lion and Bear Conservation Strategies Report 2
MOUNTAIN LION AND BEAR CONSERVATION STRATEGIES REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report was prepared by wildlife scientists and managers, including two contributors not employed by the Arizona Game and Fish Department (Department). This report reviews data available in Department files, peer-reviewed published literature, and conservation plans and strategies from other western states. The summaries and recommendations listed at the end of each strategy section are based on the best available information, supported by science, and are considered reasonable and cost effective. This report examines several aspects of conservation and management for both mountain lions (Puma concolor) and black bears (Ursus americana). The specific topics addressed include hunting and recreational opportunity, conflict resolution, livestock depredation, and summarizes information on genetic sampling for population monitoring. The strategies that follow are not Department policy or agenda, but provide an array of options based on published literature and professional experience that may be considered to achieve management objectives. Changes to Department guidelines and policies occur using public processes that may consider these strategies. Hunting and Recreational Opportunity Strategies Mountain Lion 1. Maintain multiple bag limit areas where the objective is a reduction of mountain lion abundance. This will allow hunters to continue to participate in mountain lion hunting in areas that will benefit other wildlife species to meet specific management objectives. 2. Maintain open hunting where female harvest does not indicate the need for reductions in resident mountain lion abundance (e.g., adult females do not comprise >35% of the harvest for four consecutive years) and management objectives do not include reducing the abundance of mountain lions in that unit or portion of that unit. Continue to protect spotted kittens and females accompanied by spotted kittens. 3. Evaluate an experimental harvest limit zone among units if adult female mountain lions comprise a high (e.g., >35%) proportion of the annual harvest and population reduction is not the management objective. Manage harvest through the establishment of a harvest limit on females under an experimental, adaptive management approach. Following inception of such a limit zone, harvest in the zone should be monitored closely during a 5-year period to assess total harvest and age and sex of mountain lions harvested. Mountain lion home ranges generally encompass multiple units and larger areas of consideration are needed to evaluate efficacy. Mountain Lion and Bear Conservation Strategies Report 3
Page 1 and 2: ARIZONA GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT MO
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8: 6. Incorporate geospatial analyses
Page 9 and 10: MOUNTAIN LION AND BEAR CONSERVATION
Page 11 and 12: HUNTING AND RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNIT
Page 13 and 14: Harvest 500 400 300 200 100 0 1989
Page 15 and 16: analysis by sex of harvested mounta
Page 17 and 18: Limited Entry-Limit Management Syst
Page 19 and 20: Table 3. Arizona units, mean harves
Page 21 and 22: extirpation recolonization (Baguett
Page 23 and 24: In comparison, multiple bag limits
Page 25 and 26: Figure 4. Distribution of reported
Page 27 and 28: 2. Maintain open hunting where fema
Page 29 and 30: successfully raise litters at four
Page 31 and 32: Table 5. Total black bear hunter ha
Page 33 and 34: Mountain Lion and Bear Conservation
Page 35 and 36: Table 8. Female black bear harvest
Page 37 and 38: 4. Continue to collect genetic mate
Page 39 and 40: Arizona’s human population is exp
Page 41 and 42: immediately released. Marked animal
Page 43 and 44: deVos 2005). We recommend that effo
Page 45 and 46: Figure 9. Human-caused bear conflic
Page 47 and 48: A Category III bear is generally de
Page 49 and 50: and relocated away from the initial
Page 51 and 52: Although each of these studies conc
Page 53 and 54: To date, we have placed spread spec
Page 55 and 56:
Administrative Removal In an on-goi
Page 57 and 58:
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Page 59 and 60:
Table 10. Percent frequency of occu
Page 61 and 62:
northern regions of North America,
Page 63 and 64:
Management Strategies 1. Continue t
Page 65 and 66:
Mountain lion depredation harvest 1
Page 67 and 68:
Livestock depredation by mountain l
Page 69 and 70:
2000, Riley and Malecki 2001). Avai
Page 71 and 72:
Table 11. Summary of Arizona bear h
Page 73 and 74:
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Descriptions
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harvest and depredation kill databa
Page 77 and 78:
LITERATURE CITED Alexander, S. M.,
Page 79 and 80:
Bulletin 19:403-412. Beier, P. 1993
Page 81 and 82:
Delibes, M., P. Gaona, and P. Ferre
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poster presentation), 9th Western B
Page 85 and 86:
Linnell, J. D. C., J. Odden, M. E.
Page 87 and 88:
Mountain Lion Foundation. 2007. Liv
Page 89 and 90:
Sawyer, H., and F. Lindzey. 2002. A
Page 91:
Winslow, R. 2005. New Mexico mounta
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