Supply Chain-Based Solution to Prevent Fuel-Tax Evasion: Proof of ...

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Comparison of Fig. 14 with Fig. 11 reveals that only the absorption of the sample containing 9.4 ppm IR676 in the 500–750 nm region has decreased considerably. The emission spectra of the samples taken on April 13, 2010, are shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 15. Emission spectra collected after 2 weeks of aging of IR676 samples in diesel. It is clear from the data that only the sample containing 9.4 ppm showed a significant emission, and all the other ones show none. Interestingly, the emission of the 9.4 ppm sample appears to have increased with time, as shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 16. Change in emission spectrum of over time for the highest concentration of IR676 in diesel. 20
This increase may be due to slow dissolution of IR676 at higher concentrations in diesel fuel. The sample containing 9.4 ppm IR676 was checked finally at an aging time of 3 weeks (April 20, 2010) and showed an emission decrease to
Page 1: ORNL/TM-2011/132 Supply Chain-Based
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..........
Page 7: 7.3 SENSORS .......................
Page 10 and 11: 31 Differential pressure sensor sch
Page 13: LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 SiNaph
Page 17: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ORNL would like to
Page 20 and 21: tractor-to-trailer communications u
Page 23 and 24: 1.1 BACKGROUND 1. INTRODUCTION Reve
Page 25: able to identify, in real time, the
Page 28 and 29: Fig. 2. Some typical cyanine dyes.
Page 30 and 31: Solvent Red 26, also known as C.I.
Page 32 and 33: esponse accompanied by increased ch
Page 34 and 35: green or purple; green is generally
Page 36 and 37: Fig. 7. Fluorescence spectra collec
Page 38 and 39: Response factor, marker to 0.600 0.
Page 40 and 41: Fig. 11. Absorption spectra of IR67
Page 44 and 45: contaminant surrogate samples were
Page 46 and 47: Fig. 20. Excitation and emission ch
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 23. Low-temperature marked die
Page 50 and 51: performs acceptably. Figure 26 illu
Page 53 and 54: 3. SENSORS A suite of sensors attac
Page 55 and 56: 3.2 HATCH AND VALVE SENSOR DEVELOPM
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 31. Differential pressure sens
Page 59 and 60: 3.4 MARKER SENSOR DEVELOPMENT In co
Page 61 and 62: window” and onto an imaging plane
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 37. Focal point for blue LED (
Page 65 and 66: The sensor’s prototype housing de
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 41. Marker sensor back view. F
Page 69 and 70: Based on these early results, the p
Page 71: Fig. 47. Sensors mounted on trailer
Page 74 and 75: vehicles and cargo, record driver h
Page 76 and 77: 4.2 DESIGN OF THE T2TCU Fig. 50. Fu
Page 78 and 79: Table 5. Summary of sensors per fue
Page 80 and 81: Once the user was ready to start th
Page 82 and 83: 5.1.2.1 Rule-based logic reasoning
Page 84 and 85: Another major limitation was the av
Page 86 and 87: When the loading process was comple
Page 88 and 89: the ~100 mile region are served by
Page 90 and 91: In addition to viewing the report o
Page 92 and 93:
Fig. 61. Pilot and Flying J service
Page 94 and 95:
landmark (e.g., Pilot headquarters)
Page 96 and 97:
5.3.2 Travel Routes In addition to
Page 98 and 99:
Fig. 68. Selected simulated refuel
Page 100 and 101:
Fig. 70. Predetermined nominal scen
Page 102 and 103:
unscheduled location. The level of
Page 104 and 105:
data analysis purposes. Thus, varia
Page 106 and 107:
where L is the number of attributes
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lot. To make things even more suspi
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Fig. 78. Fuel loop test rig. As the
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Sensor Response (Ratio) 0.9 0.8 0.7
Page 114 and 115:
Data collected from these test scen
Page 116 and 117:
6.2 FIELD TEST Fig. 86. Sample scen
Page 118 and 119:
Fig. 89. Instrumented hatch located
Page 120 and 121:
The Analysis Team members began tes
Page 122 and 123:
All post-processed data files from
Page 124 and 125:
Fig. 95. Activities from offloading
Page 126 and 127:
Fig. 97. Activities from loading of
Page 128 and 129:
Warning level estimates after offlo
Page 130 and 131:
Warning level estimates Fig. 102. A
Page 132 and 133:
Fig. 103. Activities of loading fir
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unmarked (rather than the 300 gal o
Page 136 and 137:
Same unscheduled stop with addition
Page 138 and 139:
6.2.4 De-Instrumentation Fig. 110.
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It was found that, in general, the
Page 142 and 143:
For the POC test, the sensor’s ho
Page 144 and 145:
interval originally set for the pre
Page 146 and 147:
Fig. 112. Data flow for recommended
Page 148 and 149:
Discrete sensors Table 6. Summary o
Page 151 and 152:
9.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PHASE II 9.
Page 153 and 154:
Fig. 114. Valve with dust cover sen
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and provide real-time alerts. The i
Page 157:
10. REFERENCES 1. Wiley Online Libr
Page 161 and 162:
APPENDIX B. FUEL MARKER SENSOR SCHE
Page 163 and 164:
B-3
Page 165 and 166:
APPENDIX C. FUEL MARKER SENSOR MECH
Page 167:
Fig. C.5. Critical PCB component pl
Page 171 and 172:
APPENDIX E. FUEL MARKER SENSOR FIRM
Page 173 and 174:
set the STDIO cursor location and d
Page 175 and 176:
auto int nIn1; auto char cOut; //--
Page 177 and 178:
channel = 0; sprintf(s, "\t%6.3f",
Page 179 and 180:
yte Day; // Curent Day byte Month;
Page 181 and 182:
if (!getOk) abort; yield; sprintf(&
Page 183 and 184:
} decimal=ln; while (*ln>='0' && *l
Page 185 and 186:
if (!strncmp(ln,"fault",5) && ln[5]
Page 187 and 188:
UpdateFlashStatus(); // sprintf(out
Page 189 and 190:
INTRODUCTION APPENDIX F. FUEL MARKE
Page 191 and 192:
$get reddet Reply: Summary ddd.ddd
Page 193:
APPENDIX G. CUSTOM SIGHT GLASS DRAW
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