Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR - X-Eye Design

Microfinance for the 

Poor in Lao PDR 

National Conference Report 

Vientiane, Lao PDR, December 22nd & 23rd, 2005

National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR 

LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 

Peace Independence Democracy Unity and Prosperity 

Committee for Planning and Investment 

National Economic Research Institute 

Microfinance Capacity Building and Research Programme 

REPORT ON 

THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 

MICROFINANCE FOR THE POOR IN LAO PDR 

Jointly Organised by: 

Development Research Division, 

National Economic Research 

Institute 

Sponsored by: Concern Worldwide, Lao PDR 

Vientiane Capital, December 22 nd & 23 rd , 2005 

Microfinance Unit, 

Bank and Financial 

Institution Supervision 

Department 

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Conference Organisers: 

• Ms. Sirivanh Khonthapane 

• Mr. Palash Bagchi 

• Mr. Souphit Darachanthra 

• Mr. Thanongsai Soukkhamthat 

• Mr. Shane Brady 

• Mr. Manolitih Souponephacdy 

• Mr. Khamsing Palatkham On 

• Mr. Douangchai Keomixay 

• Ms. Phonsavanh Sittideth 

• Ms. Vilinda Pathoummavong 

• Ms. Oulaphone Pheuangsavanh 

• Ms. Dorkfa Siyotha 

Documented by: 

• Mr. Souphit Darachanthra 

• Mr. Thanongsai Soukkhamthat 

• Ms. Vilinda Pathoummavong 

• Ms. Phonsavanh Sittideth 

• Mr. Shane Brady 

Published by: National Economic Research Institute/ MCBR 

Date: January, 2006 


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Table of Contents 

1 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ......................................................1 

1.1 MICROFINANCE IN LAO PDR ....................................................................................1 

1.2 OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................1 

1.3 CONFERENCE FORMAT ...............................................................................................1 

1.4 PARTICIPANTS...............................................................................................................2 

2 OPENING REMARKS ..................................................................................... 3 

3 SUMMARY OF PRESENTATIONS................................................................ 9 

4 ABSTRACT FROM THE PRESENTATIONS AND PLENARY 

DISCUSSIONS .................................................................................................21 

5 GROUP WORK EXERCISE............................................................................24 

6 KEY FINDINGS FROM THE GROUP EXERCISE.....................................25 

7 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY PARTICIPANTS........................27 

8 CLOSING REMARKS......................................................................................28 

ANNEXES...............................................................................................................A 

ANNEX 1. CONFERENCE SCHEDULE ..................................................................................... A 

ANNEX 2. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS...........................................................................................D 


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1 Background and Introduction 

The National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR was held at the 

International Cooperation & Training Centre, Km 5, Road 13 South, Xaythani District, 

Vientiane Capital on December 22nd & December 23rd, 2005. 

The National Conference was organised by the Microfinance Capacity Building & 

Research Project, a project within the Development Research Division of the National 

Economic Research Institute (NERI) and was jointly hosted by NERI and the Bank and 

Financial Institution Supervision Department of the Bank of Lao PDR. Funding and 

technical assistance for the conference was provided by Concern Worldwide, Lao PDR. 

1.1 Microfinance in Lao PDR 

The microfinance sector in Lao PDR is relatively underdeveloped. According to the 

government, about one million economically active people potentially require access to 

formal or semi-formal microfinance services but the number of people with access to 

such services remains low. Only 21% of the economically active population has access 

to microcredit from the formal sector, 33% are dependent on the semi formal sector and 

project initiatives whilst the remainder rely on the informal sector. 

The microfinance sector in Lao PDR also suffers from a lack of cohesion, a centralised 

government system, low population density and poor infrastructure. This means that 

opportunities for dialogue between stakeholders in the microfinance sector in Lao PDR, 

(clients, practitioners, policy makers, donors & INGOs), are limited. 

This Conference represents an attempt to stimulate dialogue between practitioners and 

give them the opportunity to interact directly with and to influence policy makers, 

donors and INGOs. 

1.2 Objectives 

The objectives of the conference were as follows: 

• To give microfinance practitioners, government officials, representatives from 

INGOs and policymakers an opportunity to share their experiences and 

exchange lessons learned about Microfinance implementation, development and 

research for poverty reduction in Lao PDR. 

• To establish common positions and to make recommendations to the 

government of Lao PDR on a range of issues related to microfinance. The 

timing of the conference is particularly important as the recommendations may 

be incorporated into the government of Lao PDR’s sixth 5 year plan, (2006- 

2010). 

• Finally, the National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR was 

also an opportunity for all participants to celebrate the United Nations 

International Year of Microcredit. 

1.3 Conference Format 

The two day conference followed a presentation/plenary discussion format for the first 

day and for the morning of the second day. During the 5 plenary sessions, 17 speakers 

made presentations to the conference. 


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Topics covered included: 

• Microfinance Regulations: Establishment, Operation and Supervision of MFIs in 

Lao PDR. 

• The results of the Study on ‘Poverty Measurement of Current Microfinance 

Clients’ conducted by the MCBR team. 

• Study results on ‘Expenditure Patterns and Savings Habits of Ethnic Minorities 

in Remote Parts of Lao PDR’ conducted by the MCBR team. 

• The role of the Agricultural Promotion Bank (APB) in the Microfinance Sector in 

Lao PDR. 

• Case studies presented by 13 microfinance programmes highlighting progress and 

challenges. 

On day two, having discussed the issues raised by speakers during the plenary sessions, 

conference participants were divided into 4 groups to consider a range of topics related 

to the microfinance sector in Lao PDR. 

Issues examined during the group work session included: 

• Poverty alleviation and the government of Lao PDR’s next 5 year Socioeconomic 

Development Plan. 

• The Role of the Bank of Lao PDR in Promoting the Microfinance Sector in Lao 

PDR. 

• The Role of NERI/CPI in Promoting the Growth & Development of the 

Microfinance Sector in Lao PDR. 

• The Role of Practitioners in Promoting the Growth and development of the 

Microfinance Sector in Lao PDR. 

• The Role of Donors & INGOs in Promoting the Growth and development of 

the Microfinance Sector in Lao PDR. 

1.4 Participants 

The workshop was attended by 138 participants including microfinance practitioners 

from across the country as well as representatives from the Prime Minister’s Office, the 

Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Lao PDR, UNDP, the US and Australian embassies and 

a host of national and international non-governmental and governmental organisations 

which share an interest in microfinance. These included the Lao Red Cross, the Danish 

Red Cross, the Lao Women’s Union, the Lao Youth Union, the Lao Front for National 

Construction, Care, SNV, DRC, Netherlands Development Organization and Concern 

Worldwide Lao PDR. The conference was also attended by representatives of PAFO 

and LWU from 16 provinces and one Special Zone. For the full list of participants 

please refer to annex 1. 

nd rd 

Vientiane Capital, December 22 & 23 , 2005 

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2 Opening Remarks 

His Excellency Dr. Lien Thikeo; Vice 

President of the Committee for Planning & 

Investment 

Respect to the representatives from all 

organisations, institutions and local authorities. 

Respect to the representatives of international 

organisations. 

Ladies and gentlemen. Today the CPI, the BoL 

and the MCBR, supported by Concern Worldwide Lao PDR, have come together to 

organise this conference at a national level which celebrates the United Nations Year of 

Microcredit. 

On behalf of the government we would like to extend our thanks to the conference 

organisers and sponsors and of course you, the participants. 

Ladies and gentlemen. The organisation of this workshop is very important. We are 

here to discuss the technical knowledge, methods and so on of microfinance in the Lao 

PDR. In this meeting we will discuss each topic together in detail. I request your utmost 

attention in working on this matter. 

We should examine microfinance in the Lao PDR and look for weaknesses in order to 

aid the government’s efforts in poverty reduction. The MDG target set by the UNDP in 

2000 is to reduce world poverty by half by 2015. The Government of Lao PDR strongly 

agrees with the Millennium goals of the United Nations. In order to navigate the country 

out of Least Developed Country Status by the year 2020, the Government of Lao PDR 

set a target to reduce poverty by half by 2005 and to eradicate poverty by 2010. As part 

of its strategy to meet the Millennium Development Goals, the Government of Lao 

PDR has accepted microfinance as a tool for poverty reduction. However, the use of 

microfinance as a tool to eradicate poverty in Lao PDR is behind that of neighbouring 

countries. 

The government of Lao PDR has set up a committee and has also involved the Bank of 

Lao and set up the Microfinance Capacity Building and Research project. We get 

support from Concern Worldwide Lao PDR which has also set up a microfinance unit in 

the Bank of Lao PDR. As a result of this, the Government of Lao PDR has accepted 

microfinance as a tool to reduce poverty. Despite this, microfinance has not been as 

successful as expected in Lao PDR. We have had problems with handing over projects 

and so on. Over the past 5 years there have been many things that we have failed to 

achieve, for example, the poverty reduction goals of the government have not been met. 

Microfinance can be a tool to help people, but without regulations and the right practices 

and approaches, microfinance could end up generating debt. 

Our government has known of the importance of developing the microfinance sector in 

the Lao PDR. As we know we are at the beginning, we need to make a plan for the 

future of microfinance. Loans for the poor are in great demand, but we cannot meet this 

demand. Microfinance will play a major role in the development of the nation and will 


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be useful as a tool to help the poor. From this aim of helping the poor, I believe that all 

the participants at this conference will try to make an effort to find a solution and turn 

microfinance into a tool to allow the Lao PDR to meet the millennium development 

goals. 

I would like to take this opportunity to declare the National Workshop on Microfinance 

open from this moment on. 

Thank you. 


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Mr. Palash Bagchi, Acting Country Director, 

Concern Worldwide, Lao PDR 

His Excellency, Deputy Vice President of the Committee 

for Planning and Investment, Dr. Lein Thekeo, Director 

General of the National Economic Research Institute, 

Ms. Sirivanh Khonthapane, Deputy Director General of 

the Bank and Financial Institution Supervision 

Department of the Bank of Lao PDR Mr. Louane 

Vongphranakhone . 

Honourable Guests. Ladies and Gentlemen. It is an honour to have been invited to 

speak at the opening of this National Workshop on Microfinance for the Poor and to 

Celebrate UN Microcredit Year of 2005. It is wonderful to be amongst the esteemed 

leaders of the rural and microfinance sector in Lao PDR and to see so many learned 

people coming together to share their thoughts and ideas in order to devise a strategic 

direction to guide the rural and microfinance sector in Lao PDR. 

Concern Worldwide has been engaged with NERI and the Microfinance Unit of the 

Bank of Lao PDR in order to build capacity and carry out research in the rural and 

microfinance sector to better understand the rural and microfinance needs of the poorest 

people in Lao PDR. The aim of this is to promote and develop the microfinance sector 

in Lao PDR which will ultimately contribute to the drawing up of pro-poor microfinance 

regulations for the sector. 

Although Lao PDR has made commendable progress in terms of raising living standards 

of the Lao people, I am sure we would all agree that there is still much to be done. 

Experience from other under developed countries has shown that microfinance alone 

could reduce the incidence of poverty in a country by an average of 5% per year. The 

Government of Lao PDR has set itself ambitious targets to lift Lao PDR out of poverty. 

Only through coordinated, cooperative and well thought out efforts will we be successful 

in achieving these goals. I imagine microfinance could be a one of the tools to help us 

reach this goal. 

Lao PDR is a sparsely populated developing nation where many people do not have 

access to basic services; market, transport and communication links. These conditions 

create a challenge for us all to find innovative ways to address how microfinance best fits 

into the context of poor people where formal financial services are not feasible. 

Through better understanding the needs of those we seek to serve, as well as their 

present systems of coping, we can devise pilot projects that will test different models of 

financial service delivery to the poorest in remote locations. 

Like the government of Lao PDR, Concern Worldwide has high expectations and goals. 

The needs of the poorest and most marginalised deserve no less commitment. 

Ladies and Gentlemen, please allow me the opportunity to share a few words about 

Concern Worldwide in Lao PDR with you. Concern Worldwide has been operational in 

the Lao PDR since 1992. Concern programmes were initially carried out in partnership 

with the UNHCR and focussed on the reintegration of (mainly ethnic minority) returnees 

who had fled the country during the years following the revolution of 1975. At this time, 


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targeting was largely determined by Concern’s mandate, which was to work with the 

returning refugees and surrounding villages. Geographically, this meant that the focus of 

work was in the districts along the Mekong valley adjacent to Thailand from where the 

refugees were returning and which were populated mainly by ethnic Lao. 

Programmes have since evolved towards rural development, initially with a focus on 

infrastructure and service delivery, and more recently with an emphasis on empowerment 

for communities (targeting ethnic minorities such as the Lamet, Tai Lue and Katang), 

mobilisation and management of local resources by local people and capacity building for 

government staff at all levels. Concern has more recently also developed significant 

competencies in two sectors i.e., microfinance and disaster preparedness. Both of these 

sectoral programmes aim to have a wider impact by strengthening the capacity of the 

central government. 

Concern’s main objectives in Lao PDR are to improve access to information, resources 

and opportunities to enable the people of Lao to independently improve their quality of 

life. Concern’s current programmes largely seek to address the livelihoods security needs 

of the poorest and most remote populations through long-term integrated rural 

development projects, supporting the government to develop a pro-poor micro-finance 

policy framework and community-based disaster risk management strategies. 

In 2006 Concern Worldwide Lao will continue to develop new rural development 

projects; two in neighbouring areas to existing projects in southern and northern region 

in Lao PDR. In addition, we will also engage in the health sector which is now under 

preparation, we have plans to work with emerging civil society or Non-Profitable 

Associations and on the Early Flood Warning Project with the MRC and NDMO. Our 

current year’s annual budget is six hundred 50 thousand euro and in 2006 our estimated 

budget will be one million 20 thousand euro which is about to double compared to the 

current year. 

Ladies and gentlemen, during the next few days I would request that each of us keep in 

mind those people in Lao PDR who are subsistence farmers living in remote 

communities and who are very vulnerable. I would suggest that the ultimate 

accomplishment of any strategic direction will be measured in terms of how it helps us to 

address the needs of the poorest. Thus, the strategic direction that emerges from this 

conference must be relevant and appropriate to their needs if we wish to claim success. 

Currently the government of Lao PDR is in the process of developing its next 5 year 

socio economic development plan therefore, I do believe this workshop will give a 

strategic direction for the government as well as the practitioners as to how they will take 

this forward. 

With these thoughts in mind I will conclude by thanking the conference organisers for all 

their work in preparing for this event and I would like to wish all conference participants 

every success for a productive and fruitful two days. I wish you all good health and 

happiness. 

Thank you. 


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Ms. Sirivanh Khonthapane, Director 

General of the National Economic 

Research Institute 

Honourable guests, ladies and gentlemen. I feel very 

proud on behalf of NERI which has given me an 

opportunity to give comments in this workshop to help 

improve microfinance in Lao PDR. I would also like 

to thank Concern Worldwide for their technical and 

financial support. Microfinance has proven to be an 

effective tool in poverty reduction elsewhere. Here in 

Lao it has not been so successful and research suggests 

that microfinance in the Lao PDR must be improved. 

Access needs to be increased. We have little sharing of information and so, we lack 

innovation and don’t have policies of the quality required for the microfinance sector to 

succeed and to flourish. This doesn’t suit the current situation. This is a good chance 

for the people involved to share lessons and give opinions and experience in order to 

improve the practice and provision of microfinance in Lao PDR. We aim to be an 

example to the world. We will take the opportunity to use the results of the workshop to 

contribute to the development of pro-poor microfinance in Lao PDR. 

MCBR has been in existence for three years and has had some major achievements; we 

wish to continue our work on the development of the microfinance sector in Lao PDR. 

We would like to engage organisations working in microfinance so that we can document 

and publish the lessons learned. We will carry out research so we can give advice to the 

government about how to use microfinance to help the poor and we will carry out 

evaluation studies and examine the impact of microfinance. 

Over the past few years, the MCBR project has had the following successes. We 

successfully carried out a ‘Poverty Measurement Study of Microfinance clients in Lao 

PDR’, we conducted research into the ‘Expenditure Patterns and Saving Habits of 

‘Ethnic Minority Households in Remote Parts of the Country’, we regularly produce a 

microfinance newsletter, we built a microfinance resource centre, improved the capacity 

of our staff, contributed comments and advice to the government of Lao PDR, supplied 

funds to set up seminars with the Bank of Lao PDR many times, produced a manual on 

microfinance and produced a manual for the training of trainers in order to strengthen 

capacity at the village level. 

We also plan to set up training sessions and workshops for microfinance partners at each 

level and to continue collecting data and statistics about microfinance in Lao. This is 

necessary in Laos and we need to find partners who can help us to implement our work 

and to reach our target. I hope that the international community will give us continued 

support. I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone for coming and to wish 

them a happy new year for 2006. 

Thank you. 


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Mr. Leuane VONGPHRANAKHORN, 

Deputy Director General of the Bank and 

Financial Institution Supervision Department, 

Bank of Lao PDR 

Today I am pleased on behalf of the Bank of Lao 

PDR to give some input to the National 

Conference on Microfinance. 

In the past, Concern Worldwide has also assisted in 

the drafting of regulations for microfinance. Now 

we have some draft policies accepted by the government in 2004. With this opportunity, 

I would like to thank Concern Worldwide Lao PDR. 

This meeting is for exchanging ideas and giving views and comments from people who 

implement microfinance services nationwide. Microfinance can help the government 

reduce poverty and increase the growth of the national economy if we know how to use 

the mechanisms of microfinance correctly. 

For Lao PDR, microfinance is very important because about 80% of Lao people live in 

rural areas and only a small percentage of these have access to financial services. 

We face many problems in the implementation of microfinance. We will hear some 

good lessons and ideas about the development of the microfinance sector over the next 

two days. On behalf of The Bank of Lao PDR I would like to report that microfinance 

is very important for poverty reduction and in 2004 the government of Lao PDR agreed 

to set up the Unit of Microfinance under the supervision of the Bank and Financial 

Institution Supervision Department of the Bank of Lao PDR. 

The job of the department is to study the policies and regulations governing 

microfinance, to provide licences and registration for emerging MFIs and to assist in the 

transition from microfinance project to microfinance institution. We also disseminate 

microfinance rules and regulations and work with different levels of government and 

with International Non-Governmental Organisations. 

I would like to thank the chairman and all the participants and I wish everyone a happy 

new year and a successful meeting. 

Thank you. 


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3 Summary of Presentations 

Presentation 1: Microfinance Regulations in Lao PDR 

Speaker: Mr. Leuane VONGPHRANAKHORN, Deputy Director General of the Bank and 

Financial Institution Supervision Department, Bank of Lao PDR (BoL) 

On June 22nd, 2005, the BoL issued microfinance regulation No. 10/BOL to implement 

the Rural and Microfinance Action Plan. The regulations are intended to provide an 

enabling environment to support the development of the microfinance industry and to 

encourage the establishment of microfinance institutions in diverse forms and types of 

ownership and methodologies. Mr. Leuane VONGPHRANAKHORN, who was 

involved in their formulation, gave a presentation on the new microfinance regulations. 

The speaker described the two categories of microfinance institution covered by the 

regulations and gave a brief outline of the regulations main provisions. 

Key Points 

The first category covers deposit taking institutions. These are institutions that are 

allowed to collect deposits from the general public including microfinance clients and 

members. 

• They must have a licence from BoL. 

• Deposit taking institutions can be: individual companies, Joint Venture 

companies, state enterprises or foreign companies (foreign investment). 

• Deposit taking institutions must have registered capital of a least US$100,000. 

• Institutions falling under this category must have an executive board/committee. 

• These institutions must follow the regulations of BoL with regard procedures for 

issuing loans, interest rates and so on. 

• Deposit taking institutions must also undergo a yearly audit from an external 

body. 

The second category covers non-deposit taking institutions. These institutions are 

allowed to collect deposits only from their members and not from the general public. 

The key requirements for registration of non-deposit taking institutions are as follows: 

• Non deposit taking MFIs must register with the Ministry of Commerce in 

Vientiane Capital or with the Provincial Commerce Department in their local 

area within 30 days of being issued a permission letter by the Bank of Lao PDR. 

• The registered institutions must have sufficient capital and reserve funds, suitable 

loan products, financial transparency, risk coverage, stable internal controls & 

regulations and provisions for the distribution of dividends. 

• These institutions should also set up a committee (from the governing body) to 

carry out an internal audit. 

• Loans outstanding must be not more than 5% of total net capital for 

shareholders and not more than 1% of total net capital for individuals. 


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Presentation 2: Poverty Assessment Study of Microfinance Clients in Lao PDR 

Speaker: Palash Bagchi, Microfinance Advisor to the MCBR Project 

The MCBR/NERI has conducted action research on Poverty Assessment of 

Microfinance Clients as advised by the Action Research Working group. Members of 

this working group included representatives from Agriculture Promotion Bank, Bank of 

Lao PDR, Prime Minister’s Office, National University of Lao PDR, National Statistics 

Centre, 8 Microfinance Practitioner’s Organisations along with others MCBR team 

members. The research was carried out from 2004-2005, with aiming of providing a 

poverty profile of microfinance clients within the study area in Lao PDR. 

A number of meetings were held to discuss ways to determine the impact of 

microfinance on poverty reduction and measurement of poverty levels of MF clients 

within NERI and NSC. 

A total of 400 microfinance clients and their households were the targeted as population 

for this study from 8 provinces of North, South and Central Lao PDR. 

Microfinance expert and Assistant Country Director of Concern Worldwide Lao PDR, 

Palash Bagchi, presented the preliminary findings of the Poverty Assessment of 

Microfinance Clients carried out by MCBR. 


• The most significant finding of the study is that the majority of the microfinance 

clients (53%) of the organisations included in the study fall below the official 

poverty line. 

• This finding suggests that the microfinance sector in the Lao PDR is beneficial to 

the economically active remote poorest. 

• Most of the microfinance clients considered that due to microfinance support, 

their expenditure and social patterns have changed significantly. 

Presentation 3: Microfinance in Lao PDR; the Next Steps 

Speaker: Phanthaboun Sayaphet, Deputy General Manager of the APB and Member of MCBR 

Action Research Working Group 

Mr. Phanthaboun Sayaphet gave a presentation on the Financial Services and 

Microfinance sectors in Lao PDR. He outlined the factors which constrain the 

development of the sector and outlined the APB’s microfinance strategy. 


• In the Lao PDR there is huge demand for microfinance services. This is 

reflected in the fact that 80% of the population in Lao PDR lack access to 

financial services, in addition to new jobs being created at an estimated rate of 

90,000 positions per year which also require financial services. 

• Employment and opportunities for income generation are crucial for poverty 

reduction... 

• The APB, which was established in 1993, is the state financial institution which 

serves the agricultural sector. Currently it has one branch in every province and 

40 service units at district level. 


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• The APB is following a 2 Phase strategy with regard to microfinance; the first 

phase involves reforms, mainly financial and organisational restructuring while 

the second involves advanced capacity building. 

• The APB has been involved in 6 microfinance initiatives which have reached out 

to about 7,000 people. 

• The APB will embark on a series of programmes to build capacity and to create a 

market oriented state owned sector and a vibrant private sector. 

• Major challenges to growth of the microfinance sector in Lao PDR are: lack of a 

legal framework (until recently), low capacity, a widely dispersed population and 

poor infrastructure. 

Presentation 4: Microfinance Statistics of Lao PDR 

Speaker: Souphith Darachanthara, Chief of the Research Development Division, National Economic 

Research Institute & National Project Manager of the MCBR project 

Mr. Souphith Darachanthara gave a presentation on the Rural & Microfinance Statistics 

Report which was compiled by the Microfinance Capacity Building and Research Project 

(MCBR), at the end of 2004. The Rural & Microfinance Statistics Report is the most in 

depth analysis of the microfinance sector in Lao PDR. 


• The number of villages with access to financial services increased from 2,452 

villages in 2003 to 2,918 villages in 2004. 

• The value of loans disbursed increased from 56 billion kip in 2003 to 97.72 

billion kip disbursed in 2004. 

• The value of savings collected increased from 14 billion kip in 2003 to 112.32 

billion in 2004, (100 billion kip of the savings in 2004 were raised by the APB). 

• The number of villages with access to in-kind activities decreased from 1,914 

villages in 2003 to 863 villages in 2004. 

• In-kind loans dropped from 20 billion kip to 14.89 billion between 2003 and 

2004. 

• In-kind savings dropped from 9 billion kip to 2.59 billion kip in the same period. 

• In most provinces, the volume of cash activities far outweighs the volume of in 

kind activities. 

Presentation 5: The Establishment of Village Savings Funds 

Speaker: Mr. Khanthon Phameoung, Director of FIAM, Action Research Partner of MCBR Project 

Mr Khanthon Phameoung gave a presentation on the establishment of Village Savings 

Funds. 


• Those who live in areas without access to financial services often borrow money 

on the black market and must pay high interest rates. 

• FIAM helps villages set up Village Savings Funds. 

• FIAM has been promoting a manual on the how to establish Village Savings 

Funds since 2001. 


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• Currently FIAM covers 9 districts, 280 villages and holds deposits of about 22 

billion kip. 

• The Savings Groups need access to loan funds and this is an opportunity to 

request the assistance of members in securing funding. 

Presentation 6: A Study of the Expenditure Patterns and Savings Attitudes of 

Ethnic Minority Households in Remote Parts of Lao PDR 

Speaker: Mr. Thanongsai Soukkhamthat, Project Coordinator MCBR & Development Research 

Division, NERI 

Mr. Thanongsai Soukkhamthat presented the findings of the MCBR’s study of the 

Expenditure Patterns and Savings habits of ethnic minority groups in the Lao PDR, 

research which is intended to guide microfinance practitioners and policy makers 

regarding microfinance for the poor. 


• Seasonality plays a major role in determining spending and savings habits in 

remote areas. 

• Most expenditure is on necessities such as education, healthcare and clothing. 

• Outreach of financial services in rural areas is extremely low. 

• The ability to save is limited for ethnic minority villagers in remote locations. 

• Savings are usually kept in the form of cash, livestock, precious metals or rice (a 

tradable asset). 

• None of the households included in the study had savings kept in a bank. 

• The use of saving are mostly on payment of medical bills and purchases of rice 

and other food; these account for the use of over 75% of household savings. 

Recommendations 

• Look at relative costs/benefits of microfinance over other approaches. 

• Microfinance interventions targeting the poorest households in remote ethnic 

minority villages should be protectional rather than promotional. 

• Consider alternative interventions that directly target the root causes of poverty. 

Presentation 7: Microfinance Operation in Sayabouly Province 

Speaker: Mr. Khammy Phanouvong, Director of Microfinance Office, (A Government owned MFI in 

Lao PDR), Action Research Partner of MCBR Project 

Mr. Khammy Phanouvong presented a microfinance operation in Sayabouly Province. 

During the presentation, the structure of loan groups, loan sizes, interest rates and so on 

were discussed. 


• Current outreach is 3 districts, 41 villages and 132 groups with 837 clients (770 of 

which are female). 

• The MFI encourages its clients to save and lend money for agricultural 

production, handicraft production, services, small businesses and other income 

generating activities. 


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• Loans are provided to groups with 5-10 members. 

• The cumulative loan disbursement is 1,960,000,000 kip and total cumulative 

savings are 160 million kip. 

• To November 2005, loans outstanding equalled 69 million kip. 

Strengths 

The poor learn and know how to save, they have capital to invest in their activities and 

they use the loans properly for income generation. 

Weaknesses 

Some clients have no capability to manage their loans and they do not use the loans 

properly. 

Presentation 8: Remote Poverty Reduction Project of the Microfinance Unit of 

Lao Women’s Union, Sayabouly Province 

Speakers: Mrs. Thongsay Phouphommichit, Project Manager & Mrs Thavy Phanlack, President of 

LWU of Sayabouly, Action Research Partner of MCBR Project 

The speakers gave a presentation outlining the 3 microfinance models the LWU 

implements in Sayabouly Province; (i) revolving loans fund (ii) credit and saving 

promotion fund, and (iii) Village Savings & Development Fund. 


• The first type of service is the revolving loan fund which is in operation in 21 

villages in 2 poor districts. Loans are made to the poorest for 1 year with an 

interest rate of 1% per month. The total cash value of the fund is 73 million kip. 

This project is focused on the remote poorest people; therefore, it also 

established rice banks and animal banks. Currently, they hold 3000 kgs of rice 

and the livestock fund consists of 15 buffaloes in 2 villages. 

• The second type of product provided by the project is the credit and savings 

promotion fund which operates in 29 villages in 2 poorest districts. The total 

number of members is, 831 (in 115 groups), forced saving is 10% of the loan 

amount, the interest rate is 3% per month (2% in remote areas) and loans are for 

a 6 month period. The total value of the available fund is 593 million kip. 

• The third is the Village Savings & Development Fund. Each month members 

contribute a minimum of 1,000 kip as savings. Members’ cumulative savings are 

used for providing loans to members. The interest rate for loans for agricultural 

production is 2-3% per month (6-10 months loan period). The interest rate for 

loans for trade is 4-5% per month (6 month loan period) and the interest rate for 

loans for illness or emergency use is 1-2% per month (3 month repayment 

period). 

Strengths 

Loans are used for income generating activities like weaving and livestock raising. 

Women have more capacity to manage funds. 


13


Weaknesses 

Some did not understand the objectives of the activities. They thought that the fund was 

supported by an international agency so they think it is grant and do not need to repay 

their loans. 

Lessons Learned 

The most important lesson learned is that financial products must meet the needs of the 

clients if they are to be successful. 

Presentation 9: The Extension of Village Fund Systems in Phongsaly Province: 

Reach the Remote and Poorest Community 

Speaker: Mr. Khamphanh Sanaphanh, Co-Expert of Credit, PDDP, Action Research Partner of 

MCBR Project 

The speaker described the structure and process of extension of Village Fund Systems in 

Phongsalay Province. 

Key points 

• The project was established in 1997 with pilot schemes in 5 villages, it was 

supported by the French and Lao governments. 

• The PDDP provides microcredit services to rural villagers in Phongsaly district 

who are unable to access financial services provided by banks. 

• Regulations: groups must consist of 5-7 people. A guarantee in cash of 10% of 

the loan is required. Interest is paid every month while repayment of the 

principle is at the end of the loan term. The interest rate is 18% per year plus 

inflation. Three per cent of the interest is used to cover administrative costs and 

15% is used to cover technical support. 

• Outreach: 46 villages are covered. The total number of members with loans 

(active clients) is 1,861. Loan disbursement is 4.7 billion kip with an average loan 

amount of 874,000 kip per member. 

• Social impacts: Clients in remote areas have funds to invest in income generating 

activities, villagers have increased capacity to manage funds, clients benefit from 

increased interaction with the outside world and from increased group solidarity. 

• Lessons learned: In the early stages of membership, clients require support and 

capacity building in financial management. The project switched to an institution 

and ensures joint management by clients and the governance unit. 

Presentation 10: Credit Union in Luang Prabang Province 

Speaker: Mr. Songkham Manivong, President Credit Union in Luang Prabang Province. 

Mr Songkham Manivong gave a presentation on the Luang Prabang Credit Union 


• The main objective of the Luang Prabang Credit & Savings Union is to improve 

the lives of its members through the provision of savings services and loans at 

competitive interest rates. 


14


• There are 13 executive board members and 3 full time staff, (a manager, an 

accountant and a financial officer) in addition, the Credit Union is closely 

monitored by the government and the Bank of Lao PDR Steering Committee. 

• The Credit Union is closely monitored by the provincial authorities while 

technical support is provided by the ADB. 

• Since establishment, the Credit Union has made profits of over 33 million Kip. 

• Loans to the value of 676 million kip have been disbursed. 

• In 2004, dividends of around 24% were issued. 

• Loans outstanding total 232 million kip and the total number of members is 471. 

Weaknesses 

• About 14% of loan repayments are delayed, higher than the standard 5% level. 

• The high percentage of delayed loans most likely results from financial product 

design. 

Other Functions 

The Credit Union trains member in income generating activities and also acts as an 

advisor on issues such as law, exports, markets and so on. 

Presentation 11: Village Development Fund, 

Credit and Savings Fund Established and 

Managed by the Community, GTZ, Bokeo 

Province 

Speaker: Mr. Chume Saysongkham, Deputy Supervision 

President of Village Development Fund, Bokeo Province 

and Director of Bokeo 

Mr. Saysongkham spoke about the Village 

Development Fund in Bokeo Province. 


• Fund established with the assistance of GTZ & IFAD in 1998. 

• Operates in 5 districts and 1 focal site. 

Concept 

• Promotion of sustainable credit facilities managed by the villagers. 

• Equitable access to village loan funds for women and men. 

• Poor families given priority. 

Process 

• Prior to the establishment a situational analysis is carried out and regulations are 

designed according to the particular circumstances in each village. Pilot villages 

are selected to set up Village Credit Funds or Village Revolving Fund. 

• Gather feedback and prepare guidelines for implementation and regulations with 

government partners. 

• Staff training and study tour. 

• Implement and gather feedback on an on-going basis. 

• Loans are used for any income generating activity. 


15


• Emergency loans are also issued. 

Loan Criteria 

• One loan per family at any one time. A second loan may be disbursed only after 

all members have received loans. Members select borrowers on the basis of 

proposals submitted to a committee at a general meeting. 

• Poor households. 

• Women-headed households and women in general. 

• Members of ethnic minorities. 

• Loans are provided on a group basis. 

Loan Duration 

• 3 year loans are available for livestock raising. 

• 1 year loans available for other agricultural activities. 

Outreach 

• Membership of 6000 families. 

• Total capital of about 2 billion kip. 

• Outstanding loans equal 1,831,712,555 Kip. 

• Member savings (August 05) are 343,828,960 Kip. 


Experience of this programme in Bokeo province points to difficulties in helping the 

poorest families as poverty is often linked to drug use, illness, disability, illiteracy and 

poor knowledge of the Lao language. The solution is to employ the poorest in 

agricultural production. On the other hand, day by day the programme may become 

large which without any policy may result in a high risk. 

Presentation 12: Strategy and Implementation of the Rural Microfinance System, 

Oudomxay Province 

Speaker: Mr. Khanthaly Senvilayvong, Director of RFS, (Rural Financial Service) 

The speaker described the implementation of a microfinance project in Oudomxay 

Province. 


• The project is co-financed by IFAD, Luxembourg and the World Food Program; 

the total budget being US$ 21 million. It has 5 major components: 

• Target area: All 7 districts of Oudomxay Province. 

• Objective of providing access to savings and credits services for rural 

populations. 

Model 

• Model was designed in light of the context of remote villages with difficult access 

and suitable for target groups with a low education levels. 

• Includes significant awareness raising and capacity building elements. 

• Empowerment and own responsibility for target population. 

• Proven approach in Lao PDR. 


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Outreach 

As of September 2005, the microfinance programme operated in 14 villages with a total 

of 1297 clients (90% female). Savings totalled 95 million kip, and the project contributed 

funds of 628 million kip resulting in a total capital of 724 million kip. Total loan 

disbursement was 406 million kip (loan size 50,000 - 500,000 kip). Loans are issued for 

cash cropping, animal rearing, trade and services. There are 3 loan products; basic, 

intermediate and advanced loans. 

Sustainability Issues 

Long-Term Technical Support Options: 

• Specialised team of Government staff. 

• State-owned enterprise providing support upon payment. 

• Private Sector Company or transform to Microfinance Institution, providing 

support upon payment. 

Long-Term Institutionalisation Options 

• Creation of a second-tier institution: this institution will have individual 

representatives. Functions include technical support, experience exchange, 

monitoring, representation & advocacy. 

• Consolidation with other project schemes, numerous projects follow similar 

models. The ADB is considering this as part of the Rural & Micro Finance 

promotion strategy. 

Weaknesses 

• Inadequate training to Management Committees. 

• Premature delegation of responsibility. 

• Low interest rates and low repayment of loans. 

• Community development staff given Micro-finance tasks without sufficient 

understanding. 

• Conflicting objectives: poverty reduction vs. sustainable micro-finance. 

• Lack of a post-project strategy for institutionalisation and technical support. 

Solutions 

• Staff dedicated specifically to Micro-finance and trained intensively. 

• Management Committee members trained to have a good understanding of 

issues affecting sustainability. 

• Gradual and guided delegation of responsibilities to Management Committee up 

to full autonomy. 

• Loan terms and conditions matched to the credit activity. 

• Loan interest rate covering the rate of inflation, loan loss, management costs and 

running expenses. 

• Transparent accounting system allowing members and outsiders to determine the 

financial situation of the scheme. 

• Adequate arrangements to ensure post-project technical support (not all will 

become sustainable within the project period). 


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Presentation 13: Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises 

Speaker: Dr. Sisalieoy Savengseuksa, President of the Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises and 

Action Research Partner of MCBR Project 

Dr. Savengseuksa spoke about a small business promotion fund which is based on 

cooperative methods and is funded by NGOs from France, Belgium, Holland and 

Germany. 


• Aims to boost household economies. 

• As of December 2004, the Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises had 1,556 

members with a loan disbursement of 3.17 billion kip. 

• The Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises focuses on capacity building for 

Small to Medium Enterprises. 

• The Small Business Fund is also working on assisting the transition of businesses 

from the informal sector to the formal sector. 

Learning 

• Microfinance alone is not an effective weapon to tackle poverty. 

• For microfinance to work, people must be educated or skilled, they must have 

access to health care and they must have access to sufficient farmland. 

• Poverty reduction requires a mixed approach of which microfinance is one 

important element. 

• Training of microfinance clients is essential if they are to use their loans 

effectively. 

• The Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises specialises in producing goods for 

sale from products purchased locally. Products produced so far include fruit 

juices and bamboo products. 

Presentation 14: Credit Union (Song Pieur) 

Speaker: Mr. Somchith Bounleum, Head of Cooperative of Nasaythong District, Vientiane province, 

Action Research Partner of MCBR 

Mr. Bounleum gave a presentation regarding the establishment and management of the 

Cooperative of Nasaythong District, Vientiane Municipality. 


• The Credit Union received a temporary licence from the BoL in 2002 and 

registered with The Ministry of Commerce. 

• The Credit Union provides microfinance services to people in Nasaithong 

District, Vientiane Capital and a small part of Vientiane Province. 

• Membership is voluntary and governance is democratically elected. 

• Credit Unions are more suitable than banks for the rural poor. 

• 90% of members are female. 

• Loans are disbursed for a range of purposes ranging from trade and services to 

agriculture, education and home repairs. 

• Assets of the credit union total 1.2 Billion kip, up from 23 million kip 5 years 

ago. 


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• Coverage has expanded rapidly from 7 villages in 2001 to 76 villages in 2004. 

• The auditing system is monitored and regulated by BoL. 

Challenges 

• Delayed loan repayments total less than 5%. 

• Negative experiences with credit unions in the past and a lack of skilled staff 

were initially the major obstacles to growth and success of the credit union. 

Presentation 15: Microfinance Progress and the Operation of Lao Women’s Union 

Office in Champassak Province 

Speaker: Mrs. Phouthone Souphanthong, LWU Committee: 

The speaker gave a presentation about the microfinance activities of the Lao Women’s 

Union Office in Champassak Province. 


• The LWU, with the funding of 160 million kip from ADRA, is involved in 

providing loans to women in poor districts since 2001. 

• No collateral is required. 

• Women borrow money for income generating activities and trading. 

• Start up problems included difficulties mobilising savings and the reluctance of 

regular savers to take out loans. 

• The interest rate is 20% per annum, much lower than the black market interest 

rate. 

• The repayment rate is 100%, i.e. no non performing loans. 

• There are more female than male members. 

• Loans for family deaths are interest free. 


Impacts of microfinance activities in Champassak include increased employment, 

reduced black market borrowing and increased household financial management capacity 

Presentation 16: Village Development Fund for the 47 poorest districts 

Mr. Oula Somchanmavong, Deputy Chief of Economic Planning Division, Planning Department, CPI 

Mr. Somchanmavong gave a presentation on the 

Village Development Funds set up with funding 

from the government’s own budget to reduce 

poverty in the 47 poorest districts of the Lao 



• The VDF was set up by the CPI and the 

Ministry of Finance. 

• The objectives of the fund are to reduce poverty and to boost the economy. 

• Government contribution was 25 million kip in 2003-2004 to create VDFs, 

10 

billion kip was issued in 2004-2005 and 10 billion kip more in 2005-2006. 


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• Villages can receive funds of between 100 – 200 million kip. 

• Initially government structures were used to administer the fund, the Committee 

for Planning and Investment was in charge at the central level, the provincial 

level provided technical management. 

• There was also involvement at the District and Village levels. 

• The design has to be from village to district to province 

and the budget 

requisition will then be sent to the Ministry of Finance. 

• Loans are used for agricultural activities and handicraft production. 

• Loans are of 6 months with 1 year 

duration and 6% interest per year. Loan sizes 

should not be over 2 million kip. 

• Loans of 1 – 2 year duration have 8% interest 

per year. 

• Loans for healthcare are interest free. 

• Coverage: 8% of villages in the poorest districts. 

• The project goals have not been achieved. 

• In the future control will be transferred to the villages and districts. 

• Funds will also be provided for training, supervision and follow up. 


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4 Abstract from the Presentations and Plenary 

Discussions 

The presentations were grouped into five sessions, each session consisting of three 

presentations. 

At the end of each session a period of fifteen minutes to half an hour was set aside for 

questions and answers. The plenary discussions sessions allowed participants to seek 

clarification, raise important questions and to add their own comments. 

The plenary discussions, which were marked by lively and animated debate, were chaired 

by Mr Souphith Darachanthara, Chief of the Research Development Division of NERI, 

Dr. Sisalieoy Savnegseuksa, President of the Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises, Mr 

Khamsen Soysithattha, Programme Manager of SCA, Mr Phanthaboune Sayaphet, 

Deputy President of the APB and Mr Khamphanh Sanaphanh, Co-expert of Credit, 

PDDP respectively. 

At the end of each presentation session, the chairperson of each session summarised the 

main issues and provided concluding comments. The following are the main conclusions 

and comments made by the session chairs: 

Policy Direction and Governance 

• Government of Lao PDR already accepted microfinance as one of the tools to 

alleviate poverty and made a firm commitment to create an enabling environment 

for the sector. 

• The central bank has already issued a directive order on Microfinance 

Regulations which allows the establishment of MFIs with diverse ownership and 

methodologies. 

Comments 

• Policy and regulation is in place, nonetheless a massive education and awareness 

campaign for all stakeholders is required to disseminate regulations. 

• The capacity of the Microfinance Unit under BoL needs further enhancement so 

that they can closely monitor the operations of microfinance institutions. 

• Policy and regulation needs proper implementation and enforcement and it 

requires joint assistance from all stakeholders. 

• Many good experiences are still projects by nature and need transforming into 

institutions under current regulations. 

Outreach 

• The Lao PDR has made commendable progress in microfinance within short 

period of time. 

• A number of donors, INGOs and government agencies are implementing 

microfinance programmes in Lao PDR and extending financial services to the 

poor. 

• In the Lao PDR there is huge demand for microfinance services. This is 

reflected in the fact that 80% of the population in Lao PDR lack access to 

financial services, in addition to new jobs being created at an estimated rate of 

90,000 positions per year that may also require financial services. 


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• Employment and opportunities for income generation are crucial for poverty 

reduction. 

Comments 

• More support is required from government, donors and foreign investors in 

microfinance to increase outreach. 

• Government should encourage private sector investment in microfinance. 

• Microfinance practitioners need more efficiency to cover a larger target 

population. 

Funding 

• Capital is a crucial issue to increase the outreach of microfinance. 

• Access to capital is essential. 

Comments 

• Government should allocate revenue budget and provide soft loans to 

professional microfinance institutions. 

• Government should encourage donors and INGOs to increase their portfolio in 

microfinance. 

• Encourage commercial banks to invest in microfinance. 

• APB should extend its services to the microfinance sector. 

• Microfinance projects should transform into microfinance institutions according 

to regulations which will eventually result in attracting more funds from donors 

and private investors. 

Capacity Building 

• Capacity building both by the Government of Lao PDR and INGOs is key. 

• Effective marketing of financial services is essential. 

• Product design should be flexible and fit local needs. 

• All financial services should be thoroughly evaluated and should be as simple and 

user friendly as possible. 

• Borrowers should be properly vetted before being given access to credit. 

• Microfinance clients should meet as regularly as possible. 

Comments 

• Capacity building is critical to growth and promotion of microfinance; it requires 

long term commitment from donors. 

• A ‘Microfinance Association’ is essential to share information and learning 

among practitioners and policymakers. 

• Effective capacity building support increases effectiveness and efficiency of 

microfinance practitioners to deliver/offer needs based services. 

• Proper monitoring and supervision support is important for transparent and 

accountable services. 

• Expansion of microfinance client capacity essential to expand businesses and 

create demands for loans. 


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Microfinance and the Poorest 

• It is difficult to reach the poorest, most isolated people with microfinance 

services. 

• Microfinance works well with economically active poor people. 

• Lack of education and business knowledge impediment the growth of 

microfinance. 

• Often poorest people require more than financial services e.g. health, education, 

food and other social services. 

Comments 

• Microfinance alone cannot eliminate poverty; access to healthcare, education and 

land are critical issues. 

• Targeting the poorest can be difficult as the poor often suffer from health 

problems, disabilities or are illiterate. 


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5 Group Work Exercise 

Following the summary and comments from the plenary sessions Chairs on day two, 

participants were divided into four small discussion groups. One group was made up of 

representatives of the INGO/Donor Community, the other three groups were made up 

of practitioners, policy makers and provincial representatives. The main aim was to 

consider how to ensure growth and to promote the microfinance sector in Lao PDR. 

The groups were requested to consider a range of issues relating to the microfinance 

sector in Lao PDR and to present their analyses, assessments and recommendations. All 

of the groups were asked to discuss Poverty Alleviation & the Government of Lao 

PDR’s Socio-Economic Development Plan for 2006 – 2010 while the following topics 

were divided among the groups for consideration: 

1. The Role of the Bank of Lao PDR 

2. The Role of NERI/CPI 

3. The Role of Practitioners 

4. The Role of Donors & INGOs 

Ninety minutes were allocated for group work. Participants within each group selected a 

facilitator, a rapporteur and a chairperson. In addition, a co-facilitator and moderator were 

assigned to each group on behalf of the conference organisers. 

Following the group exercise, ten minutes were allowed for each group to present their 

findings and recommendations and a further twenty minutes were allowed for questions, 

comments and clarification on each topic. 

The findings and recommendations made by the participants on each issue are covered 

in Section 6 of this report. 


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6 Key Findings from the Group Exercise 

Poverty Alleviation & the 5 Year Socio-Economic Development Plan (2006-2010) 

• The government should incorporate the microfinance into the 5 year plan but it 

should be treated as part of the country’s financial services sector. 

• The government should outline clear steps describing how microfinance will be 

incorporated into the banking system within the next ten years. 

• The government must formulate a clear strategy for the development of the 

microfinance sector in the Lao PDR. 

• Pro-poor microfinance should have priority. 

• The government should set aside 1% of the total budget for support and 

promotion of the microfinance sector. 

• The government should allow foreign investment in the microfinance sector 

under the rules and regulations put in place by the government of Lao PDR. As 

domestic capital is limited, donors and International Non-governmental 

Organisations should be approached to attract overseas funding. 

• Allowing foreign investment in microfinance also fits with the government’s 

policy of encouraging foreign investment in the country. 

Group 1: The Role of the Bank of Lao PDR (BoL) 

• The Bank of Lao PDR must pursue policies that promote the extension of 

outreach of financial services. Commercial banks must be encouraged to open 

more branches around the country. 

• Because microfinance can stimulate the economy at the grassroots level, the bank 

should provide advice and guidance to practitioners on the establishment of 

microfinance institutions. 

• The Bank of Laos is currently working on putting in place regulations and 

guidelines for the microfinance sector. This process must be expedited and the 

regulations should be disseminated as quickly as possible. 

Group 2: The Role of NERI/CPI 

• NERI/CPI should continue to raise awareness about microfinance best practices, 

help promote awareness and understanding of the new microfinance regulations 

and produce training materials suitable for microfinance in the context of Lao 


• NERI/CPI should establish a dedicated microfinance association similar to those 

in Cambodia and Vietnam. 

• NERI/CPI needs to create a network of staff at the central level and increase 

microfinance capacity building activities. 

• NERI/CPI should focus on technical training in areas such as Management of 

Microfinance Institutions, accounting, interest rate calculation and so on. 

Group 3: The Role of Practitioners 

• Practitioners should ensure that they have sufficient capital. This may come 

from the government or from overseas. 

• Human resources must be made a priority by practitioners as this is an area in 

which the Microfinance Sector in Lao PDR is currently lacking. 

• Microfinance operations should ensure they register legally. 


25


• Management mechanisms should be clear and systematic. 

• Participation in and ownership of the institutions by clients should be 

encouraged. 

Group 4: The Role of Donors & INGOs 

• International NGOs and donors should establish a forum or network on 

microfinance; Concern Worldwide Lao PDR should be the leader of this forum. 

• The INGO and donor community should also support the development of 

private enterprise through the provision of microfinance services. 


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7 Key Recommendations Made by Participants 

Followed by group findings in the plenary session, participants were asked to come up 

with specific recommendations for each stakeholder to encourage promotion and growth 

of the microfinance sector in Lao PDR. The participants also unanimously agreed that 

the conference organiser should consider a follow up action plan to implement the 

recommendations. This echoed the idea that a follow up conference to disseminate this 

report to all stakeholders should also be organised. 

Specific recommendations are: 

In Terms of Government and Policy Makers 

• The government should give priority to pro-poor microfinance. 

• The government should set aside 1% of the total budget for the support and 

promotion of the microfinance sector, 

• The government should allow foreign investment in the microfinance sector 

under the rules and regulations put in place by the government of Lao PDR. As 

domestic capital is limited, donors and International NGOs should be 

approached. 

• Allowing foreign investment in microfinance also fits with the government’s 

policy of encouraging foreign investment in the country. As domestic capital is 

limited, foreign investment in the microfinance sector in Lao PDR must be 

allowed if the sector is to reach its full potential. 

In Terms of Practitioners: 

• Microfinance practitioners must register their operations legally and must comply 

with the microfinance regulations issued by the government of Lao PDR. 

• Practitioners must seek funding from diverse sources including the government 

of Lao PDR, INGOs and national and non-national private enterprises. 

In Terms of Donors & INGOs: 

• International donors and NGOs should establish a forum or network on 

microfinance; Concern Worldwide, Lao PDR should be the leader of this forum. 

• INGOs should continue to work on microfinance capacity building and research 

in Lao PDR. 

• INGOs should also support the development of private enterprise through the 

provision of microfinance services. 


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8 Closing Remarks 

Palash Bagchi, Acting Country Director, Concern Worldwide, Lao PDR 

Good afternoon. It is an honour to be asked to provide closing remarks at this National 

Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR. First of all, I would like to 

congratulate all of you for helping to make this conference a success. Please give 

yourselves a round of applause. 

I recall that 3 years ago when we talked about microfinance, we found that very few 

people were interested. Now it seems we have a big audience; everyone wants to talk 

about it. I think it is a good ending to the year for Lao PDR; we have celebrated the 

United Nations International Year of Microfinance. 

During these 16 presentations it was revealed that more than 100,000 poor people 

already access institutional microfinance services in Lao PDR. This has been made 

possible through your huge efforts. Without your hard work it would not have been 

possible. I would ask you to keep this spirit for next year. If you keep this commitment 

until next year, you will come up with 200,000 active clients. If we do, I think we can 

make a difference for the poor. 

I would like to take a couple of minutes to say a few words. I tried to listen to all of the 

presentations, questions, comments and clarifications raised by the participants. I think 

the questions were very realistic and pragmatic. If I were to categorise the main issues 

and topics raised, they would fall under the following headings: 

Regulation 

I feel that most of us still do not clearly understand the microfinance regulations. Even I 

don’t clearly understand them. The regulations were enacted six months ago. Since 

then, it was discussed in the conference that there is a memo from the Prime Minister of 

Lao PDR stating that the government is going to roll back the clauses in the new 

microfinance regulations regarding foreign investment. I would like to request all 

relevant agencies to make further consideration of this. Experiences from other 

developing countries show that without foreign investment or donor assistance, the 

microfinance sector will be stifled, particular in this early stage. 

I would suggest that some agency take the opportunity to disseminate the microfinance 

regulations as it is important that everyone understands the microfinance regulations and 

that they are implemented correctly. 

Funding / Capital Sources 

Many people have brought up the issue of funding. In my experience, if you want to do 

something good you’ll get the money. In microfinance, the first funding source is your 

members’ savings. But it is too small, so you need external assistance. Donors are the 

second source. Donors can come up with a grant or investment. To attract donor 

money, you have to prove that you are competent. 

I also think we should look at the idea of using commercial banks to provide 

microfinance services. In Bangladesh this is happening already. A special retail onlending 

institution was established by the government called PKSF (Palli Karma Sahayak 

Foundation or Rural Employment Generating Foundation) and is implementing 

microfinance through MFI partners. The PKSF is a totally independent and 

autonomous body. Followed by its immense success, ADB and the World Bank 


28


successfully replicated this model in many other countries. The Government of Lao 

PDR could explore this idea with ADB and the World Bank and find out the possibility 

of replicating this in Lao PDR. From a business point of view, microfinance is a good 

investment choice because loan recovery rates are very high (average 98%). 

In terms of funding, another option would be to encourage domestic or foreign 

investors. I am certain many other investors are ready to invest their money in this 

sector. In conclusion, I would like to say, funding should not be a problem but needs 

commitment and determination. 

Capacity Building 

Many people have come up with remarks about capacity building. True, we are 

managing people, providing facilities and so on, and asking people to do tasks properly. 

But, we are not telling them how to better perform. I believe there is a huge investment 

required to build the capacity. For this, there is a huge need for donor’ assistance and I 

would extend my request for donors to consider this. On the other hand, in the long 

run, to sustain capable human resources, what about suggesting that the National 

University runs a course on microfinance? 

The most important question is who will take the lead in capacity building? I know that 

NERI/CPI has a link from the centre to the grassroots, as does the Lao Women’s 

Union. They could take the lead. However, it would be more practical if the 

government encouraged the private sector and donors to become more involved in this 

area. 

Outreach: 

The most important thing is the fact that only a few people access microfinance in Lao 

PDR. We need to increase our outreach. In many cases, traders or business people 

cannot expand their businesses. Access to microfinance can go a long way to addressing 

this problem. There could be opportunities for all of you to think about establishing a 

microfinance association; the regulations allow for it. 

Going Forward 

The next steps are going to be critical. We are interested to know what actions the 

government is going to take in light of the recommendations of the participants here at 

the National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR. 

Concern Worldwide is happy to join hands with the government in the implementation 

of the conference recommendations. 

To sum up, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the organisers of the 

conference, particularly the MCBR team and the Microfinance Unit of the Bank of Lao 

PDR, for their hard work in making this conference a success. 

I wish everybody a safe journey home and good health and happiness in the New Year. 


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Mr. Bounthavy Sisouphanthong, 

General Director Cabinet, 

Committee for Planning & Investment 

During the past two days we have heard about 

microfinance implementation in various forms and in 

a number of provinces around the country. We have 

seen examples of good and bad practices and we also 

had time for discussion about microfinance 

implementation to support growth and development 

of the sector in Lao PDR. 

This National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR has provided an 

opportunity for everyone concerned to consider topics related to the operation of 

microfinance institutions and to explore strategies to promote the growth and 

development of the microfinance sector in-line with the government’s plans to eradicate 

extreme poverty in Lao PDR by the year 2010. 

Ladies and gentlemen, I hope that all stakeholders in the Lao microfinance sector: 

practitioners, policy makers, researchers and donors, will take on board the lessons we 

have learned in the past two days and follow the new microfinance regulations to ensure 

growth and sustainability of the microfinance sector in Lao PDR. 

I would like to quote a reference. “In Bangladesh 5% of the Grameen Bank’s clients 

graduate from extreme poverty every year and, significantly, their graduation from 

extreme poverty has been sustained”. 

Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Committee for Planning and Investment and the 

Bank of Lao PDR, I wish to congratulate and to thank all the participants in this national 

workshop. 

As the microfinance sector in Lao PDR is still in the early stages of development this 

National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR is of particular 

importance. This event formally marks the beginning of the drive to reduce poverty and 

foster growth and development through the provision of regulated rural and 

microfinance services. 

Ladies and gentlemen, I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Concern 

Worldwide, Lao PDR of their contribution to development in the Lao PDR. Concern 

Worldwide has long been a valued partner of the government of Lao PDR having first 

come to assist with the resettlement of returned refugees in 1992. 

Right now, Concern is helping the Lao PDR through the implementation of a range of 

projects including the Community Livelihoods Development Project in Hauyxai, the 

Community development project in Paoudom district, Bokeo province, the 

Thapangthong Rural Development Project in Thapangthong district, Savannakhet 

province, the Health Research Project with the Ministry of Health; the Disaster 

Preparedness Project in Savannakhet and Khammoune provinces and the Microfinance 

Capacity Building and Research project (MCBR) in the National Economic Research 

Institute. We would like to thank Concern Worldwide for providing the financial and 

technical support to make this meeting successful. 


30


Finally, I would like to thank the organisers of the conference, especially the National 

Economic Research Institute and the Bank and Financial Institutions Supervision 

Department of the Bank of Lao PDR. 


31


Annexes 

Annex 1. Conference Schedule 

Agenda for the National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR 

22-23 December 2005 

Time Day 1: 22/12/2005 Responsible Person 

8:00 – 8:30 Registration MCBR 

8:30 – 8:45 Opening Speech by: 

Dr. Lien Thikeo, Vice President of CPI 

8:45 – 9:15 Mr. Palash Bagchi, Acting Country Director of Concern 

Worldwide 

Ms. Sirivanh KHONTHAPANE, General Director of 

NERI 

Mr. Leuane VONGPHRANAKHORN, Deputy 

Director of Bank and Financial Institution Supervision 

Department (BFISD) 

Plenary Discussions 

9:15 – 9:50 

Opening Remarks Committee 

Session 1 Chair: Mr. Souphith 

DARACHANTHARA, 

Chief Division of Research 

1. Regulation on the Establishment, Operation and 

Supervision of MFIs in Lao PDR. 

Development, NERI 

Mr. Leuane 

VONGPHRANAKHORN, 

General Deputy Director of Bank 

and Financial Institution 

Supervision Department 

2. Poverty Measurement of Microfinance Clients Mr. Palash BAGCHI, 

Acting Country Director of 

Concern Worldwide 

3. Agriculture Promotion Bank Mr. Phanthaboune SAYAPHET, 

Deputy President of the APB 

9:50 – 10:10 Q & A 

10:10 – 10:30 Tea Break 

10:30 – 11:30 

11:30 – 12:00 Q & A 

12:15 – 13:30 Lunch Break 

13:30 – 14:30 

Session 2 Chair: Mr. Sisalieoy 

SAVNEGSEUKSA 

President of the Promotion Fund 

for Small Enterprises 

1. Rural and Microfinance Statistics in Lao PDR Mr. Souphith 

DARACHANTHARA, 



2. Report on Establishment of Village Saving Group Mr. Khanthon PHAMEOUNG, 

3. A Study of the expenditure patterns & Savings 

Habits of Ethnic Minority Groups, in Lao PDR 

Director of FIAM 

Mr. Thanongsai 

SOUKKHAMTHAT, 

Research Development Division 

Session 3 Chair: Mr. Khamsen 

SOYSITHATTHA, Programme 

1. The Progress of Microfinance Operation in 

Sayabouly Province 


Manager of SCA 

Mr. Khammy PHANOUVONG, 

Director of Microfinance Office 

a


2. Poverty Reduction Project, Microfinance Unit, Lao 

Women Union of Sayabouly Province 

3. Microfinance System on Responsibility Distribution 

to Local in Phongsaly District/PDDP 

14:30 – 14:45 Q & A 

14:45 – 15:00 Tea Break 

15:00 – 16:00 

16:00 – 16:30 Q & A 

16:30 Close 

Mrs. Thongsay 

PHOUPHOMMICHIT, 

Project Manager. 

Mrs. Thavy PHANLACK, 

President of LWU of Sayabouly 

Mr. Khamphanh SANAPHANH, 

Co-Expert of Credit, PDDP 

Session 4 Chair: Mr. Phanthaboune 

SAYAPHET, 

Deputy President of the APB 

1. Credit Union in Luang Prabang Province Mr. Songkham MANIVONG, 

President Credit Union in Luang 

2. Village Development Fund, Credit and Saving which 

Establishing and Management By Community, GTZ, 

Bokeo Province 

3. Strategy and Implementation of the Rural 

Microfinance System, Oudomxay Province. 

Prabang Province 

Mr. Chume SAYSONGKHAM, 

Deputy Supervision President of 

Village Development Fund, 


Agenda for the National Conference on Microfinance for the Poor in Lao PDR 

22-23 December, 2005 

Mr. Khanthaly 

SENVILAYVONG, 

Director of RFS 

Time Day 2: 23/12/2005 Responsible Person 

8:00 – 8:30 Registration MCBR 

Plenary Discussions 

8:30 – 9:30 

Session 5 Chair: Mr. Khamphanh 

SANAPHANH, 


1. Promotion Fund for Small Enterprises Mr. Sisalieoy 

SAVNEGSEUKSA, 

President of the Promotion 

Fund for Small Enterprises 

2. Credit Union (Song Pieur) Mr. Somchith BOUNLEUM, 

Head of Cooperative of 

3. Microfinance Progress and the Operation of Lao 

Women Union Office in Champassak Province 

Nasaythong District. 

Mrs. Phouthone 

SOUPHANTHONG, 

LWU Committee 

4. Village Development Fund in 47 District Mr. Oula 

SOMCHANMAVONG, 

Deputy Chief of Economic 

Planning Division, Planning 

Department, CPI 

9:30 – 10:00 Q & A 

10:00 – 10:30 Tea Break 

Group Discussions 


b


10:30 – 11:30 

Common Issue: Poverty Alleviation and the 

Government of Lao PDR’s Next Five Year Plan 

Group 1: The Role of the Bank of Lao PDR in 

Promoting the Growth and Development of the 

Microfinance Sector 

Group 2: The Role of CPI/NERI in Promoting the 

Growth & Development of the Microfinance Sector 

in Lao PDR 

Group 3: The Role of Practitioners in Promoting the 

Growth & Development of the Microfinance Sector 

in Lao PDR 

Group 4: The Role of Donors & INGOs in Promoting 

the Growth & Development of the Microfinance 

Sector in Lao PDR 

11:30 – 12:00 Summarise and submit the findings of the group discussion. 

12:00 – 13:30 Lunch Break 

13:30 – 14:40 

Mr. Souphith 

DARACHANTHRA, 



Mr. Mayty 

KHAMPHUCDUANGKEO, 

Deputy Director of Planning 

and Investment of 

Xiengkhaung province 

Mr. Chume SAYSONGKHAM, 

Deputy Supervision President 

of Village Development Fund, 


Mr. Bouneyou 

THAMMAVONG, Deputy 

Director of Planning and 

Investment of Savannakhet 

province 

Mr. Khamsen 

SOYSITHATTHA, 

Programme Manager of SCA 

Group Presentations Chair: Mr. Souphith 

DARACHANTHRA, 



Group 1: Presentation Mrs. Phouthone 

SOUPHANTHONG, 

LWU Committee 

Group 2: Presentation Mr. Khanthaly 

SENVILAYVONG, 

Director of RFS 

Group 3: Presentation Mr. Khamphanh 

SANAPHANH, 


Group 4: Presentation Phetavone, Concern 

14:40 – 15:00 Tea Break 

15:00 – 15:45 Concluding Remarks Mr. Palash Bagchi, 

Acting Country Director of 

Concern Worldwide 

15:45 – 16:00 Concluding Remarks Mr. Souphith 

DARACHANTHRA, 



16:00 – 16:15 Closing speech Mr. Bounthavy 

SYSOUPHANTHONG, 

Director of CPI Cabinet 

16:15 Conference Close 


c


Annex 2. List of Participants 

NO NAME ORGANISATIONS POSITION PROVINCES 

1 Mrs. Sommai Sengvilay Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

2 Mr. Khampone Volasan Department of Planning 

and Investment (DPI) 

Head of Cabinet 

3 Mr. Boaulior Inthava Department of Agriculture 

and Forestry (DAF) 

Director 

4 Mr. Khamphan Sanaphan PDDP Co-Expert of Credit, 

PDDP 

5 Mr. Phui PDDP 

6 Mr. Suvantha PDDP 

7 Ms. Checkalin PDDP Expert 

8 Mrs. Saikham Keopila Lao Women Union (LWU) Vice President 

9 Mr. Saysomhone 

Department of Planning Officer 

Sengmanichanh 


10 Mr. Khammouane Department of Agriculture Deputy Director 

Vorkhamcheua 


11 Mrs. Sithone Bouppakham Lao Women Union (LWU) Vice President 

12 Mr. Humphanh Kosada Department of Planning 


Deputy Director 

13 Mr. Homphan 

Department of Agriculture Deputy Director 

Bouppakham 


14 Mr. Khanthaly 

Senvilayvong 

LUX Development Project Director of RFS 

15 Mr. Chom Saysongkham Department of Planning 


Director 

16 Mr. Bounmy Department of Agriculture 


Director 

17 Mrs. Thatsadaphone Lao Women Union (LWU) Vice President 

18 Mr. Bandid Sisuda GTZ Officer 

19 Mrs. Vansy Sayyavong VECO Consultant of Project 

20 Mrs. Duangchan 

La-Onekham 

Lao Women Union (LWU) Vice President 

21 Mr. Bounluon 

Department of Planning Deputy Director 

Singnakhone 


22 Mr. Bounethan 


Keoboualapha 


23 Mr. Songkham Manivong Luang Prabang Saving and 

Credit Union 

Chairman 

24 Mrs. Somphone 

Lorvanhkeo 


25 Mr. Khamlar Bounmisay Department of Planning 



26 Mr. Sathaine Vannasouk Department of Agriculture 



27 Mrs. Thevy Phanhluck Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

28 Mr. Bounkhong 

Department of Planning 

Phongsavanh 


29 Mr. Kongsy Vongsy Department of Agriculture 





Phongsaly 

Luang Namtha 

Oudomxay 

Bokeo 

Luang Prabang 

Huaphanh 

Sayabouly 

d


30 Mr. Khammy Phanuvong Microfinance Office Chief of MF Office 

31 Mrs. Thongsay 

Remote Community Project Manager 

Phupomchit 

Poverty Reduction Project 

32 Mrs. Outhaine Pasisomsay Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

33 Mr. Maidy 


Khampudaungkeo and Investment (DPI) 

34 Mrs Bounsy Vongdara Department of Agriculture 


Director 

35 Mrs Inkham Mindara Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

36 Mr. Sytha Phanthaba Department of Planning 



37 Mr. Bouneyoo Inthapatha Department of Agriculture 



38 Mr. Sython Siriphong Vientiane Saving and 

Credit Union 

Manager 

39 Mr. Bounloui Vongsay Phoneseung Agriculture 

Development Centre 


40 Mr. Somdy Sivone NernSeung Agriculture 

development Centre 

Director 

41 Mrs. Khamyong 

Chongmanivong 


42 Mr. Bounma 

Department of Planning Head of Department 

Bounchalearn 


43 Mr. Phatthachone Department of Agriculture 

Keophutthavong and Forestry (DAF) 

44 Mr. khamPhuvieng Keth 4 Parthone Product Director 

Panyaphone 

Development Fund 

45 Mrs. Phayboune 

Sayyakumman 

Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

46 Mr. Viravanh Khamtan Department Planning and 

Investment (DPI) 


47 Mr. Phomma Department of Agriculture 


Director 

48 Mr. Bounyoo 


Thammavong 


49 Mr. Phouvang 


Kethkeovongphone and Forestry (DAF) 

50 Mr. Khemmala 

Seno Saving and Credit Chairman 

Chanthaviphone 

Union 

51 Mrs. Nou-Ing 

Hengsombat 

Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

52 Mr. Sayyadeth 


Vongsalavanh 


53 Mr. Thongdy 


Chanthavong 


54 Mr. Phuvieng Norasin Charity Fund Deputy Director 

56 Mrs. Boun Hiengbounchit Lao Women Union (LWU) Vice President 

57 Mr. Kaisone Saisangkhy Department of Planning 


Director 

58 Mr. Bounmy Chitpanya Department of Agriculture 


Director 

59 Mrs. Phuthone 

Souphanthong 


60 Mr. Champa 

Department Planning and Deputy Director 

Khamsouksay 

Investment (DPI) 

61 Mr. Chamleur Sihavong DAF Chief of Administration 


Xeingkaung 

Vientiane 

Bolikhamsay 

Khammaoune 

Savannakhet 

Salavanh 

Xekong 

Champassak 

e


62 Ms. Chanthaly Sulivong Lao Women Union (LWU) Officer 

63 Mr. Sulichan Homkeo Department of Planning 



64 Mr. Chamchai Saysana Department of Agriculture 


Officer 

65 Mrs. Khamchan 

Women Income 

Chief of Sector 

Khadoudome 

Promotion Project 

66 Mrs. Vilaychan Lao Women Union (LWU) President 

67 Mr. Sommai Kosada Department of Planning 



68 Mr. Boua-A Phompavong Department of Agriculture 



69 Mrs. Nakonsy Bank of Lao PDR Deputy Head of Planning 

Division 

70 Mr. Leurn 

Vongpranakhone 

Bank of Lao PDR Deputy Director of Bank 

and Financial Institution 

Supervision Department 

71 Mr. Arlath Chanthavong Bank of Lao PDR Officer 

72 Mr. Visay Chanthavong National Statistic Centre, 

CPI 

Deputy Chief Division 

73 Mrs. Chansouk Finance Policy 

Department, MOF 

Deputy Chief Division 

74 Ms. Siengchanh 

Faculty of Economic and Vice Dean 

Chanthasane 

Business Administration, 

NUOL 

75 Mr. Phanthaboune 

Sayyaphet 

APB Vice Chairman 

76 Mrs. Chandy Pankeo Lao Women Union 

77 Mr. Sengdao Keomany Lao Youth Union Head of Division 

78 Mr. Thongkoune 

Khongpaseuth 

Trade Union Deputy Chief of Division 

79 Mrs. Siphachanh Lao Front For 

Construction 

Financial Chief 

80 Mrs. Somchit Phannulath Ministry of Agriculture and 

Forestry 

Head of Statistic Division 

81 Mr. Siengphet Poverty Reduction Fund 

82 Mr. Phonekham 

Department of Agriculture Head of Cabinet 

Phethavong 


83 Mrs. Naly Phommanivong Lao Women Union of VT 

Capital 

84 Mr. Bounlai Department of Planning 

and Investment of VT 

85 Mr. Khanthone Phameung FIAM President 

86 Mr. Sisalieoy Savengseuksa Credit Cooperative 

Supporting/ Small 

Production(CCSP) 

President 

87 Mr. Sengphet Sihapanya Vientiane Development 

Fund 

Officer 

88 Mr. Khansay 

Soukphakosonh 

Lao Post Saving Institute Head of Institute 

89 Mr. Somchit Bounleum Naxaythong Credit Union Chairman 

90 Mr. Bounkham Sisouvong SIPSACRES Chairman 

91 Mr. Somsack Microfinance Centre Assistant 


Attapeu 

Xaysomboun 

Special Zone 

Vientiane 

Capital 

f


92 Mr. Southanome Lao-Japan Training Centre Head of administration 

Department 

93 Mr. KURZ DGRV Representative to Lao 

PDR 

94 Mrs. Malaivan 

Khamhueng 

AFESIP Social Officer 

95 Ms. EMMA Handicap International Project Coordinator 

96 Mrs. Chomkham Australian Embassy 

97 Mr. Scott Rotton USA Embassy 

98 Mr. Phonesavanh EU Project Project Officer 

99 Mr. Lathtanatay ADB Senior Economic 

100 Mr. Thilaphong 

Oudomsinh 

101 Mr. Keungkham UNIDO 

102 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

UNDP Project Manager 

Ms. Thiengpachanh Ham CARE International Project Assistant 

Mrs. Manivone Vorachack Comite de Coopération 

avec le Laos (CCL) 

Mr. Phetdavone Concern Worldwide Laos 

Director 

Mrs. Phethpada DED (German Dev 

Service) 

Manager 

Mrs. CRITINA Deutsche Welthunger hilfe 

DWHH/GAA 

Program Assistant 

Mr. Visuvath Handicap International 

Belgium 

Trainer 

Mr. Khamsen Soysithattha Save the Children Australia Project Manager 

Mrs. Boualay Oudomvilay Netherlands Development 

Organization (SNV) 

MF Advisor 

Mr. PRASANNA World Vision Director 

Mr. Korkeo 

Phandanouvong 

Quaker Service in Laos 

Mr. Souksamome Credit Cooperative 



Mr. Athsavin Credit Cooperative 



Mrs. Oulalack Credit Cooperative 


Ms. DARA 

GOUANNEUX 


Credit Cooperative 



Mr. Simath German Agro Action 

(GAA) 

Ms. Sirivanh Khonthapane NERI/MCBR Director General 

Mr. Souphith 

NERI/MCBR Chief of Development 

Darachanthara 

Research Division 

Mr. Palash Bagchi NERI/MCBR ACD of Concern 

Worldwide Laos 

Mr. Thanongsai 

NERI/MCBR Project Coordination, 

Soukkhamthat 

MCBR 

Mr. Phousay Viphonhein NERI/MCBR Assistant Project Manager 


g


122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

133 

135 

136 

137 

138 

Mr. Duangchay Keomixay NERI/MCBR Research Officer 

Mr. Khamsing Palathknam 

On 

NERI/MCBR Research Officer 

Mrs. Vilinda 

Pathummavong 

NERI/MCBR Research Assistant 

Ms. Phonesavanh 

Sithideth 


Mrs. Dorkfar Siyotha NERI/MCBR Research Assistant 

Ms. Oulaphone 

Pheungsavanh 


Mr. Shane Brady NERI/MCBR International Volunteer 

Mr. Manolith 

Soumphonpacdy 

Microfinance Unit, BoL Officer 

Mr. Sounthone 

NERI Division Chief of 

Chanthavisith 

Administration 

Mrs. Chongpasert NERI Deputy Chief of 

Vilayluck 

Development Research 

Division 

Mr. Sithiroth Rathsaphone NERI Officer 

Mr. Phokhong 

Thepkaisone 

NERI Officer 

Mr. Sengphrachanh 

Simangkhala 

NERI Officer 

Mr. Daounsavanh NERI Officer 

Mr. Voradeth NERI Officer 

Mr. Kaisone MCBR Driver 

Ms. Daovong Simmavong NERI Officer of Administration 

Division 

Director General of NERI Chief of Development Research Division 

National Project Director of MCBR National Project Manager of MCBR 

Ms. Sirivanh KHONTHAPANE Mr. Souphith DARACHANTHRA 


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